Louis XIII of France - wikipedia Louis XIII of France `` Louis XIII '' redirects here. For the cognac, see Louis XIII ( cognac ). This article is about the 17th - century French king. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2012 ) Louis XIII King of France Reign 14 May 1610 -- 14 May 1643 Coronation 17 October 1610 Reims Cathedral Predecessor Henry IV Successor Louis XIV Regent Marie de ' Medici ( 1610 -- 14 ) King of Navarre Reign 14 May 1610 -- 1620 Predecessor Henry III Successor Merged into French kingdom ( 1601 - 09 - 27 ) 27 September 1601 Château de Fontainebleau, France 14 May 1643 ( 1643 - 05 - 14 ) ( aged 41 ) Saint - Germain - en - Laye, France Burial Basilica of St Denis, France Spouse Anne of Austria Issue Louis XIV of France Philippe I, Duke of Orléans Full name French : Louis de France House Bourbon Father Henry IV, King of France Mother Marie de ' Medici Religion Roman Catholicism Signature Louis XIII ( French pronunciation : ​ ( lwi tʁɛz ) ; 27 September 1601 -- 14 May 1643 ) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre ( as Louis II ) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. Shortly before his ninth birthday, Louis became king of France and Navarre after his father Henry IV was assassinated. His mother, Marie de ' Medici, acted as regent during his minority. Mismanagement of the kingdom and ceaseless political intrigues by Marie and her Italian favourites led the young king to take power in 1617 by exiling his mother and executing her followers, including Concino Concini, the most influential Italian at the French court. Louis XIII, taciturn and suspicious, relied heavily on his chief ministers, first Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes and then Cardinal Richelieu, to govern the Kingdom of France. King and cardinal are remembered for establishing the Académie française, and ending the revolt of the French nobility. They systematically destroyed castles of defiant lords and denounced the use of private violence ( dueling, carrying weapons, and maintaining private armies ). By the end of 1620s, Richelieu established `` the royal monopoly of force '' as the ruling doctrine. The reign of Louis `` the Just '' was also marked by the struggles against the Huguenots and Habsburg Spain. France 's greatest victory in the conflicts against the Habsburg Empire during the period 1635 -- 59 came at the Battle of Rocroi ( 1643 ), five days after Louis 's death, caused by apparent complications of intestinal tuberculosis. This battle marked the end of Spain 's military ascendancy in Europe and foreshadowed French dominance in Europe under Louis XIV, his son and successor. Contents 1 Early life, 1601 -- 10 2 Rule of Marie de ' Medici, 1610 -- 17 3 Ascendancy of Charles de Luynes, 1617 -- 21 4 Rule by Council, 1622 -- 24 5 Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1624 -- 42 6 Expansion overseas under Louis XIII 6.1 Morocco 6.2 Americas 6.3 Asia 7 Duke of Orléans 8 Marriage 9 Issue 10 Sexuality 11 Death 12 Composer and lute player 13 Influence on men 's fashion 14 In fiction and film 15 Ancestors 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References 19 Further reading 20 External links Early life, 1601 -- 10 Born at the Château de Fontainebleau, Louis XIII was the oldest child of King Henry IV of France and his second wife Marie de ' Medici. As son of the king, he was a Fils de France ( `` son of France '' ), and as the eldest son, Dauphin of France. His father Henry IV was the first French king of the House of Bourbon, having succeeded his ninth cousin, Henry III of France ( 1574 -- 1589 ), in application of Salic law. Louis XIII 's paternal grandparents were Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, and Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre. His maternal grandparents were Francesco I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. Eleonora de ' Medici, his maternal aunt, was his godmother. As a child, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governess Françoise de Montglat. The ambassador of King James I of England to the court of France, Sir Edward Herbert, who presented his credentials to Louis XIII in 1619, remarked on Louis 's extreme congenital speech impediment and his double teeth :... I presented to the King ( Louis ) a letter of credence from the King ( James ) my master : the King ( Louis ) assured me of a reciprocal affection to the King ( James ) my master, and of my particular welcome to his Court : his words were never many, as being so extream ( sic ) a stutterer that he would sometimes hold his tongue out of his mouth a good while before he could speak so much as one word ; he had besides a double row of teeth, and was observed seldom or never to spit or blow his nose, or to sweat much, ' tho he were very laborious, and almost indefatigable in his exercises of hunting and hawking, to which he was much addicted... Rule of Marie de ' Medici, 1610 -- 17 Louis XIII by Frans Pourbus the Younger ( 1611 ) ( Palazzo Pitti ) Louis XIII ascended the throne in 1610 upon the assassination of his father, and his mother Marie de ' Medici acted as his Regent. Although Louis XIII became of age at thirteen ( 1614 ), his mother did not give up her position as Regent until 1617, when he was 16. Marie maintained most of her husband 's ministers, with the exception of Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, who was unpopular in the country. She mainly relied on Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy, Noël Brûlart de Sillery, and Pierre Jeannin for political advice. Marie pursued a moderate policy, confirming the Edict of Nantes. She was not, however, able to prevent rebellion by nobles such as Henri, Prince of Condé ( 1588 -- 1646 ), second in line to the throne after Marie 's second surviving son Gaston, Duke of Orléans. Condé squabbled with Marie in 1614, and briefly raised an army, but he found little support in the country, and Marie was able to raise her own army. Nevertheless, Marie agreed to call an Estates General assembly to address Condé 's grievances. The assembly of this Estates General was delayed until Louis XIII formally came of age on his thirteenth birthday. Although his coming - of - age formally ended Marie 's Regency, she remained the de facto ruler of France. The Estates General accomplished little, spending its time discussing the relationship of France to the Papacy and the venality of offices, but reaching no resolutions. Half Louis d'Or ( 1643 ) depicting Louis XIII Beginning in 1615, Marie came to rely increasingly on the Italian Concino Concini, who assumed the role of her favourite. Concini was widely unpopular because he was a foreigner. This further antagonised Condé, who launched another rebellion in 1616. Huguenot leaders supported Condé 's rebellion, which led the young Louis XIII to conclude that they would never be loyal subjects. Eventually, Condé and Queen Marie made peace via the Treaty of Loudun, which allowed Condé great power in government but did not remove Concini. With growing dissatisfaction from nobles due to Concini 's position, Queen Marie, with Louis 's help, imprisoned Condé to protect Concini, leading to renewed revolts against the Queen and Concini. In the meantime, Charles d'Albert, the Grand Falconer of France, convinced Louis XIII that he should break with his mother and support the rebels. Louis staged a palace coup d'état. As a result, Concino Concini was assassinated on 24 April 1617. His widow, Leonora Dori Galigaï, was tried for witchcraft, condemned, beheaded, and burned on 8 July 1617, and Marie was sent into exile in Blois. Later, Louis conferred the title of Duke of Luynes on d'Albert. Ascendancy of Charles de Luynes, 1617 -- 21 Louis XIII on Horseback. Circa 1615 -- 1620. Bronze, from France ( probably Paris ). Victoria and Albert Museum, London Luynes soon became as unpopular as Concini had been. Other nobles resented his monopolisation of the King. Luynes was seen as less competent than Henry IV 's ministers, many now elderly or deceased, who had surrounded Marie de ' Medici. The Thirty Years ' War broke out in 1618. The French court was initially unsure which side to support. On the one hand, France 's traditional rivalry with the House of Habsburg argued in favour of intervening on behalf of the Protestant powers ( and Louis 's father Henry IV of France was once a Huguenot leader ). On the other hand, Louis XIII had a strict Catholic upbringing, and his natural inclination was to support the Holy Roman Emperor, the Habsburg Ferdinand II. The French nobles were further antagonised against Luynes by the 1618 revocation of the paulette tax and by the sale of offices in 1620. From her exile in Blois, Marie de ' Medici became the obvious rallying point for this discontent, and the Bishop of Luçon ( who became Cardinal Richelieu in 1622 ) was allowed to act as her chief adviser, serving as a go - between Marie and the King. French nobles launched a rebellion in 1620, but their forces were easily routed by royal forces at Les Ponts - de-Cé in August 1620. Louis then launched an expedition against the Huguenots of Béarn who had defied a number of royal decisions. This expedition managed to re-establish Catholicism as the official religion of Béarn. However, the Béarn expedition drove Huguenots in other provinces into a rebellion led by Henri, Duke of Rohan. In 1621, Louis XIII, was formally reconciled with his mother. Luynes was appointed Constable of France, after which he and Louis set out to quell the Huguenot rebellion. The siege at the Huguenot stronghold of Montauban had to be abandoned after three months owing to the large number of royal troops who had succumbed to camp fever. One of the victims of camp fever was Luynes, who died in December 1621. Rule by council, 1622 -- 24 Louis XIII, by Frans Pourbus the younger ( 1620 ) Following the death of Luynes, Louis determined that he would rule by council. His mother returned from exile and, in 1622, entered this council, where Condé recommended violent suppression of the Huguenots. The 1622 campaign, however, followed the pattern of the previous year : royal forces won some early victories, but were unable to complete a siege, this time at the fortress of Montpellier. The rebellion was ended by the Treaty of Montpellier, signed by Louis XIII and the Duke of Rohan in October 1622. The treaty confirmed the tenets of the Edict of Nantes : several Huguenot fortresses were to be razed, but the Huguenots retained control of Montauban and La Rochelle. Louis ultimately dismissed Noël Brûlart de Sillery and Pierre Brûlart in 1624 because of his displeasure with how they handled the diplomatic situation over the Valtellina with Spain. Valtellina was an area with Catholic inhabitants under the suzerainty of the Protestant Three Leagues. It served as an important route to Italy for France and it provided an easy connection between the Spanish and the Holy Roman empires, especially in helping each other with armies if necessary. Spain was constantly interfering in the Valtellina, which angered Louis, as he wanted to hold possession of this strategically important passageway. ( In these years, the French kingdom was literally surrounded by the Habsburg realms as the Habsburgs were the Kings of Spain as well as Holy Roman Emperors. In addition, the Spanish and Holy Roman empires included the territories of today 's Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, and Northern Italy. ) He therefore found a better servitor in his Superintendent of Finances Charles de La Vieuville, who held similar views of Spain as the king, and who advised Louis to side with the Dutch via the Treaty of Compiègne. However, La Vieuville was dismissed by the middle of 1624, partly due to his bad behaviour ( during his tenure as superintendent he was arrogant and incompetent ) and because of a well - organized pamphlet campaign by Cardinal Richelieu against his council rival. Louis needed a new chief advisor ; Cardinal Richelieu would be that counsellor. Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1624 -- 42 Further information : Cardinal Richelieu § Chief minister Louis XIII Crowned by Victory ( Siege of La Rochelle, 1628 ), Philippe de Champaigne, musée du Louvre Cardinal Richelieu played a major role in Louis XIII 's reign from 1624, determining France 's direction over the course of the next eighteen years. As a result of Richelieu 's work, Louis XIII became one of the first examples of an absolute monarch. Under Louis and Richelieu, the crown successfully intervened in the Thirty Years ' War against the Habsburgs, managed to keep the French nobility in line, and retracted the political and military privileges granted to the Huguenots by Henry IV ( while maintaining their religious freedoms ). Louis XIII successfully led the important Siege of La Rochelle. In addition, Louis had the port of Le Havre modernised, and he built a powerful navy. Louis also worked to reverse the trend of promising French artists leaving for Italy to work and study. He commissioned the painters Nicolas Poussin and Philippe de Champaigne to decorate the Louvre Palace. In foreign matters, Louis organised the development and administration of New France, expanding its settlements westward along the Saint Lawrence River from Quebec City to Montreal. Expansion overseas under Louis XIII Morocco Louis XIII, warrior King In order to continue the exploration efforts of his predecessor Henry IV, Louis XIII considered a colonial venture in Morocco, and sent a fleet under Isaac de Razilly in 1619. Razilly was able to explore the coast as far as Mogador. In 1624 he was given charge of an embassy to the pirate harbour of Salé in Morocco, in order to solve the affair of the library of Mulay Zidan. In 1630, Razilly was able to negotiate the purchase of French slaves from the Moroccans. He visited Morocco again in 1631, and helped negotiate the Franco - Moroccan Treaty ( 1631 ). The Treaty gave France preferential treatment, known as Capitulations : preferential tariffs, the establishment of a Consulate, and freedom of religion for French subjects. Americas Further information : France -- Americas relations Unlike other colonial powers, France, under the guidance of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, encouraged a peaceful coexistence in New France between the Natives and the Colonists. Indians, converted to Catholicism, were considered as `` natural Frenchmen '' by the Ordonnance of 1627 : `` The descendants of the French who are accustomed to this country ( New France ), together with all the Indians who will be brought to the knowledge of the faith and will profess it, shall be deemed and renowned natural Frenchmen, and as such may come to live in France when they want, and acquire, donate, and succeed and accept donations and legacies, just as true French subjects, without being required to take letters of declaration of naturalization. '' Acadia was also developed under Louis XIII. In 1632, Isaac de Razilly became involved, at the request of Cardinal Richelieu, in the colonization of Acadia, by taking possession of the Habitation at Port - Royal ( now Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia ) and developing it into a French colony. The King gave Razilly the official title of lieutenant - general for New France. He took on military tasks such as taking control of Fort Pentagouet at Majabigwaduce on the Penobscot Bay, which had been given to France in an earlier Treaty, and to inform the English they were to vacate all lands North of Pemaquid. This resulted in all the French interests in Acadia being restored. In Brazil, the colony of Equinoctial France was established in 1612, but only lasted 4 years until it was eliminated by the Portuguese. Asia `` Fleet of Montmorency '', led by Augustin de Beaulieu, in the East Indies, 1619 -- 22 France - Japan relations started under Louis XIII in 1615 when Hasekura Tsunenaga, a Japanese samurai and ambassador, sent to Rome by Date Masamune, landed at Saint - Tropez for a few days. In 1636, Guillaume Courtet, a French Dominican priest, reciprocated when he set foot in Japan. Also in 1615, Marie de ' Medici incorporated the merchants of Dieppe and other harbours to found the Company of the Moluccas. In 1619, an armed expedition composed of three ships ( 275 crew, 106 cannon ) and called the `` Fleet of Montmorency '' under General Augustin de Beaulieu was sent from Honfleur, to fight the Dutch in the Far East. In 1624, with the Treaty of Compiègne, Cardinal Richelieu obtained an agreement to halt the Dutch -- French warfare in the Far East. Duke of Orléans On two occasions the king 's younger brother, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, had to leave France for conspiring against the King 's government and for attempting to undermine the influence of both his mother and Cardinal Richelieu. After waging an unsuccessful war in Languedoc, he took refuge in Flanders. In 1643, on the death of Louis XIII, Gaston became lieutenant - general of the kingdom and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France. Marriage Anne of Austria, Queen of France, wife of Louis XIII ( by Peter Paul Rubens, 1625 ) On 24 November 1615, Louis XIII married Anne of Austria, daughter of Philip III of Spain. This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The tradition went back to the marriage of Philip II of Spain with the French Princess Elisabeth of Valois. The marriage was only briefly happy, and the King 's duties often kept them apart. After twenty - three years of marriage and four stillbirths, Anne finally gave birth to a son on 5 September 1638, the future Louis XIV. Many people regarded this birth as a miracle and, in show of gratitude to God for the long - awaited birth of an heir, his parents named him Louis - Dieudonné ( `` God - given '' ). As another sign of gratitude, according to several interpretations, seven months before his birth, France was dedicated by Louis XIII to the Virgin Mary, who, many believed, had interceded for the perceived miracle. However, the text of the dedication does not mention the royal pregnancy and birth as one of its reasons. Also, Louis XIII himself is said to have expressed his scepticism with regard to the miracle after his son 's birth. In gratitude for having successfully given birth, the queen founded the Benedictine abbey of the Val - de-Grâce, for which Louis XIV himself laid the cornerstone of its church, an early masterpiece of French Baroque architecture. Issue The couple had the following children : Name Portrait Lifespan Notes stillborn child Dec 1619 stillborn child 14 Mar 1622 stillborn child 1626 stillborn child Apr 1631 Louis Dieudonne of France ( later King Louis XIV ) 5 Sep 1638 -- 1 Sep 1715 Married Maria Theresa of Austria ( 1638 -- 83 ) in 1660. Had issue. Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou ( later Duke of Orléans ) 21 Sep 1640 -- 8 Jun 1701 married ( 1 ) Princess Henrietta of England ( 1644 -- 70 ) in 1661. Had issue. Married ( 2 ) Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palainate ( 1652 -- 1722 ) in 1671. Had issue. Sexuality There is no evidence that Louis kept mistresses ( a distinction that earned him the title `` Louis the Chaste '' ), but persistent rumours insinuated that he may have been homosexual or at least bisexual. His interests as a teenager increasingly focused on his male courtiers, and he quickly developed an intense emotional attachment to his favourite, Charles d'Albert, although there is no clear evidence of a physical sexual relationship. Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, drawing from rumours told to him by a critic of the King ( the Marquise de Rambouillet ), explicitly speculated in his Historiettes about what happened in the king 's bed. A further liaison with an equerry, François de Baradas, ended when the latter lost favour fighting a duel after duelling had been forbidden by royal decree. Louis was also allegedly captivated by Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq - Mars, who was later executed for conspiring with the Spanish enemy in time of war. Tallemant described how on a royal journey, the King `` sent M. le Grand ( de Cinq - Mars ) to undress, who returned, adorned like a bride. ' To bed, to bed ' he said to him impatiently... and the mignon was not in before the king was already kissing his hands. '' Death Louis XIII died in Paris on 14 May 1643, the 33rd anniversary of his father 's death. According to his biographer A. Lloyd Moote, `` his intestines were inflamed and ulcerated, making digestion virtually impossible ; tuberculosis had spread to his lungs, accompanied by habitual cough. Either of these major ailments, or the accumulation of minor problems, may have killed him, not to mention physiological weaknesses that made him prone to disease or his doctors ' remedies of enemas and bleedings, which continued right to his death. '' Composer and lute player Louis XIII shared his mother 's love of the lute, developed in her childhood in Florence. One of his first toys was a lute and his personal doctor, Jean Héroard, reports him playing it for his mother in 1604, at the age of three. In 1635, Louis XIII composed the music, wrote the libretto and designed the costumes for the `` Ballet de la Merlaison. '' The king himself danced in two performances of the ballet the same year at Chantilly and Royaumont. Influence on men 's fashion King Louis XIII ( by Philippe de Champaigne, 1655 ) In the sphere of the men 's fashion, Louis helped introduce the wearing of wigs among men in 1624 that became fashionable for the first time since antiquity. This would be a dominant style among men in European and European - influenced countries for nearly 200 years until the fashion changes brought about by the French Revolution. In fiction and film Louis XIII, his wife Anne, and Cardinal Richelieu became central figures in Alexandre Dumas, père 's novel The Three Musketeers and subsequent television and film adaptations. The book depicts Louis as a man willing to have Richelieu as a powerful advisor but aware of his scheming ; he is portrayed as a bored and sour man, dwarfed by Richelieu 's intellect. Films such as the 1948, the 1973 or the 2011 versions tend to treat Louis XIII as a comical character by depicting him as bumbling and incompetent. The 2014 BBC TV series, The Musketeers, merging the historical with the fictional, portrayed the King as both incompetent and strong, whose alliance with Spain is ever faltering. He is portrayed by Ryan Gage. Louis XIII, his wife Anne, his younger brother Gaston, Cardinal Richelieu, Cardinal Mazarin and members of the Royal family are mentioned throughout the course of the 1632 series of novels and other writings by Eric Flint et al., especially 1636 : The Cardinal Virtues. Louis XIII appears in novels of Robert Merle 's Fortune de France series ( 1977 -- 2003 ). Louis XIII was portrayed by Edward Arnold in the 1935 film Cardinal Richelieu, with George Arliss portraying the Cardinal. Ken Russell directed the 1971 film The Devils, in which Louis XIII is a significant character, albeit one with no resemblance to the real man. Louis XIII is portrayed as an effeminate homosexual who amuses himself by shooting Protestants dressed up as birds. The film was based on Aldous Huxley 's book The Devils of Loudun. Louis XIII appears in the 2002 Doctor Who audio drama The Church and the Crown. Ancestors show Ancestors of Louis XIII of France 16. Francis, Count of Vendôme 8. Charles, Duke of Vendôme 17. Marie of Luxembourg 4. Antoine of Navarre 18. René, Duke of Alençon 9. Françoise of Alençon 19. Margaret of Lorraine 2. Henry IV of France 20. John III of Navarre 10. Henry II of Navarre 21. Catherine of Navarre 5. Jeanne III of Navarre 22. Charles, Count of Angoulême 11. Marguerite of Angoulême 23. Louise of Savoy 1. Louis XIII of France 24. Ludovico di Giovanni de ' Medici 12. Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 25. Maria Salviati 6. Francesco I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 26. Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga 13. Eleanor of Toledo 27. María Osorio y Pimentel 3. Marie de ' Medici 28. Philip I of Castile 14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 29. Joanna I of Castile 7. Joanna of Austria 30. Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary 15. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 31. Anne of Foix - Candale See also Kingdom of France portal Biography portal Absolute monarchy in France Charles de Lorme, personal medical doctor to Louis XIII French monarchs family tree Lords, Marquesses and Dukes of Elbeuf Charles II of Guise - Lorraine, Duke of Elbeuf St. John Eudes and contemporary promotion of the popular medieval mystical devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus a necessary spiritual remediation for the excesses of secular Absolutism of the cavalier age. Notes Jump up ^ Tilly, Charles ( 1985 ). `` War making and state making as organized crime, '' in Bringing the State Back In, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1985. p. 174. Jump up ^ `` Schneider, Robert A. ' ' History 1450 -- 1789 : Louis XIII. ' ' ''. Answers.com. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Battle of Rocroi ''. Britannica.com. 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ James 1897, pp. 421 Jump up ^ Herbert of Cherbury 1830, pp. 116 Jump up ^ Moote 1989, p. 135. Jump up ^ Moote 1989, p. 114. Jump up ^ `` The narrative really begins in 1619, when the adventurer, Admiral S. John de Razilly, resolved to go to Africa. France had no colony in Morocco ; hence, King Louis XIII gave whole - hearted support to de Razilly. '' In Round table of Franciscan research, Volumes 17 -- 18 Capuchin Seminary of St. Anthony, 1952 Jump up ^ Dubé, Jean - Claude & Rapley, Elizabeth ( 2005 ). The Chevalier de Montmagny ( 1601 -- 1657 ) : First Governor of New France. Google Books. University of Ottawa Press. p. 111. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ ' ' A Man of Three Worlds ' ' Mercedes García - Arenal, Gerard Albert Wiegers. Books.google.com. 19 May 2003. p. 114. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ ' ' France in the age of Louis XIII and Richelieu ' ' by Victor Lucien Tapié p. 259. Books.google.com. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ Acte pour l'établissement de la Compagnie des Cent Associés pour le commerce du Canada, contenant les articles accordés à la dite Compagnie par M. le Cardinal de Richelieu, le 29 avril 1627 ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Butler 's Lives of the Saints by Alban Butler, Paul Burns, p. 259 Jump up ^ Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III : A Century of Advance. Book 1 by Donald F. Lach pp. 93 - 94, 398 ( 2 ) Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2008. Our Lady of Graces and the birth of Louis XIV, The website of the Sanctuary of Our Lady at Cotignac, Provence Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine... Retrieved 24 January 2008 Jump up ^ Bremond 1908, pp. 381 `` Sans l'assurance d'avoir un fils, Louis XIII n'aurait pas fait le voeu de 1638. '' Translation : `` Without the assurance of having a son, Louis XIII would not have made the vow of 1638. '' Jump up ^ Louis XIV. MSN Encarta. 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2008. Jump up ^ Dulong, Claude, Anne d'Autriche. Paris : Hachette, 1980. `` Irrité de voir tant de courtisans parler de `` miracle '', Louis XIII aurait répliqué que `` ce n'était point là si grand miracle qu'un mari couchât avec sa femme et lui fasse un enfant. '' Translation : `` Irritated to see so many courtiers speak of a `` miracle '', Louis XIII is said to have replied : `` it was not such a great miracle that a husband slept with his wife and made a child with her. '' '' Jump up ^ Moote 1989, p. 148. Jump up ^ Crompton 2006, pp. 338 The grandson of Henry III, Saint - Luc, penned the irreverent rhyme : `` Become a bugger, Baradas / if you are not already one / like Maugiron my grandfather / and La Valette ''. Jump up ^ Crompton 2006, pp. 338 Jump up ^ Moote 1989, p. 292. Jump up ^ `` INTERVIEW with Miguel Yisrael, lutenist, about the lute in France in the 17th century ''. classiquenews.com. Jump up ^ `` CND - Centre National de la Danse ''. cnd.fr. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014. Jump up ^ `` '' Horrid Bushes of Vanity `` : A History of Wigs ''. Randomhistory.com. 24 February 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2012. References Bremond, Henri ( 1908 ), La Provence mystique au XVIIe siècle, Paris : Plon - Nourri ( 3 ) Crompton, Louis ( 2006 ), Homosexuality & Civilization, Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, ISBN 0 - 674 - 02233 - 5 ( 4 ) Dulong, Claude, Anne d'Autriche. Paris : Hachette, 1980 Herbert of Cherbury, Edward ( 1830 ). The life of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot. James, Ralph N. ( 1897 ), Painters and Their Works, L.U. Gill ( 5 ) Moote, A. Lloyd ( 1989 ). Louis XIII, the Just. Berkeley ; Los Angeles ; London : University of California Press. ISBN 9780520064850 ; ISBN 0 - 520 - 07546 - 3 ( paperback ). Further reading Blanchard, Jean - Vincent, Éminence : Cardinal Richelieu and the Rise of France ( 2011 ) NewYork : Walker & Company. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8027 - 1704 - 7 Howell, James `` Louis XIII '' English historiographer Royal 1661 -- 1666 Huxley, Aldous. `` The Devils of Loudun '' ( 1952 ). The trial of Urbain Grandier, priest of the town who was tortured and burned at the stake in 1634 Knecht, Robert, Renaissance France, genealogies, Baumgartner, genealogical tables Willis, Daniel A. ( comp ). The Descendants of Louis XIII ( 1999 ). Clearfield External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis XIII of France. A complete portrait gallery of Louis XIII and Anna of Austria The Three Musketeers at Project Gutenberg The Orchestra of Louis XIII, Jordi Savall, Le Concert des Nations -- Alia Vox AV9824 The French Army 1600 -- 1900 Free scores by Louis XIII of France in the Choral Public Domain Library ( ChoralWiki ) Louis XIII of France & II of Navarre House of Bourbon Cadet branch of the House of Capet Born : 27 September 1601 Died : 14 May 1643 Regnal titles Preceded by Henry IV and III King of France 1610 -- 1643 Succeeded by Louis XIV King of Navarre 1610 -- 1620 French annexation French royalty Preceded by Francis Dauphin of France 1601 -- 1610 Succeeded by Louis Princes of France The first generation are the children of Henri IV ; these males held the rank of Son of France or Grand son of France ; 1st generation Louis XIII Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans * Gaston, Duke of Orléans * 2nd generation Louis XIV Philippe, Duke of Orléans Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois * 3rd generation Louis, Dauphin of France Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou * Louis François, Duke of Anjou * Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois * Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois * Philippe, Duke of Orléans 4th generation Louis, Duke of Burgundy King Felipe of Spain Charles, Duke of Berry * 5th generation Louis, Duke of Brittany * Louis, Duke of Brittany * Louis XV 6th generation Louis, Dauphin of France Philippe, Duke of Anjou * 7th generation Louis, Duke of Burgundy * Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine * Louis XVI * Louis XVIII * Charles X 8th generation Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France * Louis XVII * Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême ( Louis XIX ) * Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 9th generation Henri, Count of Chambord ( Henry V ) * * died without surviving issue Dauphins of France House of Bourbon Louis XIII Louis XIV Louis, Le Grand Dauphin Louis, Le Petit Dauphin Louis Louis XV Louis Louis Auguste Louis Joseph Louis Charles Louis Antoine Heads of state of France Styled President of the Republic after 1871, except from 1940 to 1944 ( Chief of State ) and 1944 to 1947 ( Chairman of the Provisional Government ). Detailed monarch family tree Simplified monarch family tree Carolingians, Robertians and Bosonids ( 751 -- 987 ) Charles II Louis II Louis III Carloman II Charles the Fat Odo Charles III Robert I Rudolph Louis IV Lothair Louis V House of Capet ( 987 -- 1328 ) Hugh Capet Robert II Henry I Philip I Louis VI Louis VII Philip II Louis VIII Louis IX Philip III Philip IV Louis X John I Philip V Charles IV House of Valois ( 1328 -- 1589 ) Philip VI John II Charles V Charles VI Charles VII Louis XI Charles VIII Louis XII Francis I Henry II Francis II Charles IX Henry III House of Lancaster ( 1422 -- 1453 ) Henry VI of England House of Bourbon ( 1589 -- 1792 ) Henry IV Louis XIII Louis XIV Louis XV Louis XVI Louis XVII First Republic ( 1792 -- 1804 ) National Convention Directory Consulate First Empire ( 1804 -- 1815 ) Napoleon I Napoleon II Bourbon Restoration ( 1815 -- 1830 ) Louis XVIII Charles X Louis XIX Henry V July Monarchy ( 1830 -- 1848 ) Louis Philippe I Second Republic ( 1848 -- 1852 ) Jacques - Charles Dupont de l'Eure Executive Commission Louis - Eugène Cavaignac Louis - Napoléon Bonaparte Second Empire ( 1852 -- 1870 ) Napoleon III Government of National Defense ( 1870 -- 1871 ) Louis - Jules Trochu Third Republic ( 1871 -- 1940 ) Adolphe Thiers Patrice de Mac - Mahon Jules Armand Dufaure * Jules Grévy Maurice Rouvier * Sadi Carnot Charles Dupuy * Jean Casimir - Perier Charles Dupuy * Félix Faure Charles Dupuy * Émile Loubet Armand Fallières Raymond Poincaré Paul Deschanel Alexandre Millerand Frédéric François - Marsal * Gaston Doumergue Paul Doumer André Tardieu * Albert Lebrun Vichy France ( 1940 -- 1944 ) Philippe Pétain Provisional Government ( 1944 -- 1947 ) Charles de Gaulle Félix Gouin Georges Bidault Vincent Auriol Léon Blum Fourth Republic ( 1947 -- 1958 ) Vincent Auriol René Coty Fifth Republic ( 1958 -- present ) Charles de Gaulle Alain Poher * Georges Pompidou Alain Poher * Valéry Giscard d'Estaing François Mitterrand Jacques Chirac Nicolas Sarkozy François Hollande Emmanuel Macron Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk *. Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected. Monarchs of Navarre House of Íñiguez Íñigo Arista García Íñiguez Fortún Garcés House of Jiménez Sancho I Jimeno II Garcés García Sánchez I Sancho II García Sánchez II Sancho III García Sánchez III Sancho IV Sancho V Peter I Alfonso I García Ramírez Sancho VI Sancho VII House of Champagne Theobald I Theobald II Henry I Joan I House of Capet Philip I Louis I John I Philip II Charles I Joan II House of Évreux Philip III Charles II Charles III Blanche I House of Trastámara John II Charles IV Blanche II Eleanor House of Foix Francis Phoebus Catherine House of Albret John III Henry II Joan III House of Bourbon Antoine Henry III Louis II Also King of Aragon. Also King of France. France topics History Periods Timeline Prehistory Celtic Gaul Roman Gaul Kingdom of the Visigoths Francia West Francia Middle Ages Early modern era Long nineteenth century Revolutionary era Napoleonic era Belle Époque Twentieth century Regimes Absolute monarchy Ancien Régime First Republic First Empire Constitutional monarchy Bourbon Restoration July Monarchy Second Republic Second Empire Government of National Defense Third Republic France during the Second World War Free France Vichy France Provisional Government of the French Republic Fourth Republic Fifth Republic Geography Administrative divisions Cities Islands Lakes Mountains Rivers Politics Constitution Elections presidential Foreign relations Government Human rights Intersex LGBT Judiciary Law enforcement Military Parliament Political parties Economy Agriculture Banking Central bank Economic history Energy Euro Exports Franc ( former currency ) French subdivisions by GDP Stock exchange Taxation Telecommunications Tourism Trade unions Transport Society Crime Demographics Education Health care People Poverty Religion Social class Welfare Culture Architecture Art Cinema ( comedy ) Cuisine Cultural icons Fashion Gardens Language Literature Media Music Philosophy Public holidays Sport Symbols Theatre Outline Book Portal WikiProject BNF : cb11913462f ( data ) GND : 11872942X ISNI : 0000 0001 2101 8654 LCCN : n50080621 MusicBrainz : a5546289 - 9db6 - 4f29 - a87d - 92b37132515b NKC : jo2003169900 RKD : 51009 SELIBR : 207824 SUDOC : 028607090 ULAN : 500059708 VIAF : 64008583 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIII_of_France&oldid=855235222 '' Categories : Louis XIII of France Kings of France 1601 births 1643 deaths 17th - century French monarchs 17th - century deaths from tuberculosis Ancien Régime in France Burials at the Basilica of St Denis Dauphins of France Dauphins of Viennois Early Modern France French Baroque French people of Italian descent House of Bourbon ( France ) LGBT royalty LGBT heads of state Modern child rulers Navarrese monarchs People from Fontainebleau Princes of Andorra Princes of France ( Bourbon ) Roman Catholic monarchs Smallpox survivors 1600s in France 1610s in France 1620s in France 1630s in France 1640s in France 17th - century French people 17th - century LGBT people 17th - century monarchs in Europe Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2010 Articles needing additional references from October 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles containing French - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Use British English from August 2010 Use dmy dates from May 2011 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Afrikaans Aragonés Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar Македонски मराठी مصرى Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Taqbaylit ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 Yorùbá 粵語 中文 63 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 August 2018, at 21 : 12 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who was the king in the three musketeers
Answer: Louis XIII