Philosopher king - wikipedia Philosopher king For the Canadian band, see The Philosopher Kings. For the 2009 documentary film, see The Philosopher Kings ( film ). For the novel by Jo Walton, see The Philosopher Kings ( novel ). Part of a series on Plato Plato from Raphael 's The School of Athens ( 1509 -- 1511 ) Early life Works Platonism Epistemology Idealism / Realism Demiurge Theory of Forms Transcendentals Form of the Good Third man argument Euthyphro dilemma Five regimes Philosopher king Plato 's unwritten doctrines political philosophy Allegories and metaphors Atlantis Ring of Gyges The Cave The Divided Line The Sun Ship of State Myth of Er The Chariot Related articles Commentaries The Academy in Athens Socratic problem Middle Platonism Neoplatonism and Christianity Allegorical interpretations of Plato Socratic fallacy Philosophy portal According to Plato, a philosopher king is a ruler who possesses both a love of knowledge, as well as intelligence, reliability, and a willingness to live a simple life. Such are the rulers of his utopian city Kallipolis. For such a community to ever come into being, `` philosophers ( must ) become kings... or those now called kings ( must )... genuinely and adequately philosophize '' ( The Republic, 5.473 d ). Contents 1 In Book VI of The Republic 2 Examples 2.1 Magna Graecia 2.2 Roman Empire 2.3 Hungary and Croatia 2.4 Revolutionary Iran 2.5 Others 3 Criticism 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External links In book vi of the Republic Plato defined a philosopher firstly as its eponymous occupation : `` wisdom - lover ''. He then distinguishes between one who loves true knowledge ( as opposed to mere experience or education ) by saying that the philosopher is the only person who has access to ideas -- the archetypal entities that exist behind all representations of the form ( such as Beauty itself as opposed to any one particular instance of beauty ). It is next and in support of the idea that philosophers are the best rulers that Plato fashions the Ship of State metaphor, one of his most often cited ideas ( along with his allegory of the cave ) : a `` true pilot must of necessity pay attention to the seasons, the heavens, the stars, the winds, and everything proper to the craft if he is really to rule a ship '' ( The Republic, 6.488 d ). Examples Magna graecia Archytas was a Pythagorean philosopher and political leader in the ancient Greek city of Tarentum, in Italy. He was a close friend of Plato, and some scholars assert that he may have been an inspiration for Plato 's concept of a philosopher - king. Dion of Syracuse was a disciple of Plato. He overthrew the tyrant Dionysius II of Syracuse and was installed as leader in the city, only to be made to leave by the Syracusans who were unhappy with his opposition to democratic reforms. He was later re-invited to the city, where he attempted to establish an aristocracy along Platonic lines, but he was assassinated by plotters in the pay of the former tyrant. Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius was the first prominent example of a philosopher king. His Stoic tome Meditations, written in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, is still revered as a literary monument to a philosophy of service and duty, describing how to find and preserve equanimity in the midst of conflict by following nature as a source of guidance and inspiration. Hungary and Croatia Matthias Corvinus ( 1443 -- 1490 ), who was king of Hungary and Croatia from 1458, was influenced by the Italian Renaissance and strongly endeavored to follow in practice the model and ideas of the philosopher - king as described in The Republic. Revolutionary iran Ayatollah Khomeini is said to have been inspired by the Platonic vision of the philosopher king while in Qum in the 1920s when he became interested in Islamic mysticism and Plato 's Republic. As such, it has been speculated that he was inspired by Plato 's philosopher king, and subsequently based elements of his Islamic republic on it, despite it being a republic which deposed the former Pahlavi dynasty. Others Alexander the Great, king of the Macedonians, and Khusraw I, king of the Sassanian Empire, are known by some to be examples of the philosopher king. Criticism Karl Popper blamed Plato for the rise of totalitarianism in the 20th century, seeing Plato 's philosopher kings, with their dreams of ' social engineering ' and ' idealism ', as leading directly to Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin ( via Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx respectively ). See also Benevolent dictator Technocracy Theocracy References Jump up ^ `` Marsilio Ficino : Magnus of the Renaissance, Shaper of Leaders ''. integralleadershipreview.com. Feature Articles / March 2007. Jump up ^ Anderson, Raymond H. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, 89, the Unwavering Iranian Spiritual Leader. The New York Times, 4 June 1989. Jump up ^ Popper, Karl. The Poverty of Historicism. Routledge, 2002. Bibliography Desmond, William D. Philosopher - Kings of Antiquity. Continuum / Bloomsbury, 2011. C.D.C. Reeve, Philosopher - Kings : The Argument of Plato 's Republic, Princeton University Press, 1988. Plato ( 1991 ). The Republic : the complete and unabridged Jowett translation. New York : Vintage Books. ISBN 0 - 679 - 73387 - 6. External links Text of section of The Republic pertaining to philosopher - kings. Plato Life Early life Platonism Platonic epistemology Platonic idealism Platonic realism Platonic love Neoplatonism and Gnosticism Platonism in the Renaissance Demiurge Theory of Forms Transcendentals Form of the Good Third man argument Euthyphro dilemma Five regimes Philosopher king Unwritten doctrines Cultural influence of Plato 's Republic Works Uncontested Apology Charmides Cratylus Critias Crito Euthydemus Euthyphro First Alcibiades Gorgias Hippias Major Hippias Minor Ion Laches Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 228 Laws Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 23 Lysis Menexenus Meno Parmenides Phaedo Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 229 Phaedrus Philebus Protagoras Republic Sophist Statesman Symposium Theaetetus Timaeus Of doubtful authenticity Axiochus Clitophon Definitions Demodocus Epigrams Epinomis Epistles Letter I Letter II Letter V Letter VII Letter IX Letter X Letter XII Eryxias Halcyon Hipparchus Minos On Justice On Virtue Rival Lovers Second Alcibiades Sisyphus Theages Allegories and metaphors Atlantis Ring of Gyges The Cave The Divided Line The Sun Ship of State Myth of Er The Chariot Allegorical interpretations of Plato Related Commentaries The Academy in Athens Socratic problem Middle Platonism Neoplatonism and Christianity Poitier Meets Plato List of speakers in Plato 's dialogues Plato 's Dream Family Ariston of Athens ( father ) Pyrilampes ( stepfather ) Perictione ( mother ) Adeimantus of Collytus ( brother ) Glaucon ( brother ) Potone ( sister ) Speusippus ( nephew ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosopher_king&oldid=799104338 '' Categories : Platonism Political philosophy in ancient Greece Political systems Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 5 September 2017, at 17 : 22. 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Question: who believed that a government should be run by philosopher kings
Answer: Plato