Somatic nervous system - wikipedia Somatic nervous system This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2015 ) Somatic nervous system 1. ( Brain ) Precentral gyrus : the origin of nerve signals initiating movement. 2. ( Cross Section of Spinal Cord ) Corticospinal tract : Mediator of message from brain to skeletal muscles. 3. Axon : the messenger cell that carries the command to contract muscles. 4. Neuromuscular junction : the messenger axon cell tells muscle cells to contract at this intersection Details Part of Peripheral nervous system Identifiers FMA 9904 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The somatic nervous system ( SNS or voluntary nervous system ) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves. Afferent nerves are responsible for relaying sensation from the body to the central nervous system ; efferent nerves are responsible for sending out commands from the CNS to the body, stimulating muscle contraction ; they include all the non-sensory neurons connected with skeletal muscles and skin. The a - of afferent and the e - of efferent correspond to the prefixes ad - ( to, toward ) and ex - ( out of ). Contents 1 Structure 2 Function 2.1 Reflex arcs 3 Other animals 4 See also 5 References Structure There are 43 segments of nerves in the human body. With each segment, there is a pair of sensory and motor nerves. In the body, 31 segments of nerves are in the spinal cord and 12 are in the brain stem. Besides these, thousands of association nerves are also present in the body. Thus somatic nervous system consists of two parts : Spinal nerves : They are peripheral nerves that carry sensory information into and motor commands out of the spinal cord. Cranial nerves : They are the nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem. They include smell, vision, eye, eye muscles, mouth, taste, ear, neck, shoulders, and tongue. Function The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary muscular systems within the body, and the process of voluntary reflex arcs. The basic route of nerve signals within the efferent somatic nervous system involves a sequence that begins in the upper cell bodies of motor neurons ( upper motor neurons ) within the precentral gyrus ( which approximates the primary motor cortex ). Stimuli from the precentral gyrus are transmitted from upper motor neurons and down the corticospinal tract, via axons to control skeletal ( voluntary ) muscles. These stimuli are conveyed from upper motor neurons through the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and across synapses to be received by the sensory receptors of alpha motor neurons ( large lower motor neurons ) of the brainstem and spinal cord. Upper motor neurons release a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, from their axon terminal knobs, which are received by nicotinic receptors of the alpha motor neurons. In turn, alpha motor neurons relay the stimulus. From there, acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal knobs of alpha motor neurons and received by postsynaptic receptors ( Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ) of muscles, thereby relaying the stimulus to contract muscle fibers. Reflex arcs A reflex arc is a neural circuit that creates a more or less automatic link between a sensory input and a specific motor output. Reflex circuits vary in complexity -- the simplest spinal reflexes are mediated by a two - element chain, of which in the human body there is only one, also called a monosynaptic reflex ( there is only one synapse between the two neurones taking part in the arc : sensory and motor ). The singular example of a monosynaptic reflex is the patellar reflex. The next simplest reflex arc is a three - element chain, beginning with sensory neurons, which activate interneurons in the spinal cord, which then activate motor neurons. Some reflex responses, such as withdrawing the hand after touching a hot surface, are protective, but others, such as the patellar reflex ( `` knee jerk '' ) activated by tapping the patellar tendon, contribute to ordinary behaviour. Other animals In invertebrates, depending on the neurotransmitter released and the type of receptor it binds, the response in the muscle fiber could either be excitatory or inhibitory. For vertebrates, however, the response of a skeletal striated muscle fiber to a neurotransmitter -- always acetylcholine ( ACh ) -- can only be excitatory. See also Autonomic nervous system Enteric nervous system Nervous system References Jump up ^ `` somatic nervous system '' at Dorland 's Medical Dictionary Nervous system Central nervous system Meninges Spinal cord Brain Rhombencephalon Medulla Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Forebrain Diencephalon Retina Optic nerve Cerebrum Limbic system Peripheral nervous system Somatic Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somatic_nervous_system&oldid=825192060 '' Categories : Somatic nervous system Sensory systems Peripheral nervous system Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties Articles needing additional references from March 2015 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Íslenska Italiano עברית Kreyòl ayisyen Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Suomi Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 12 February 2018, at 00 : 26. 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Question: somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the cns to the
Answer: the body