Chromolaena odorata - wikipedia Chromolaena odorata Chromolaena odorata Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae ( unranked ) : Angiosperms ( unranked ) : Eudicots ( unranked ) : Asterids Order : Asterales Family : Asteraceae Genus : Chromolaena Species : C. odorata Binomial name Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M. King & H. Rob. Synonyms Synonymy Chrysocoma maculata Vell. Chrysocoma maculata Vell. Conc. Chrysocoma volubilis Vell. Conc. Eupatorium brachiatum Sw. ex Wikstr. Eupatorium clematitis DC. Eupatorium conyzoides Mill. Eupatorium dichotomum Sch. Bip. Eupatorium divergens Less. Eupatorium floribundum Kunth Eupatorium graciliflorum DC. Eupatorium klattii Millsp. Eupatorium odoratum L. Eupatorium sabeanum Buckley Eupatorium stigmatosum Meyen & Walp. Osmia atriplicifolia ( Vahl ) Sch. Bip. Osmia clematitis ( DC. ) Sch. Bip. Osmia divergens ( Less. ) Sch. Bip. Osmia floribunda ( Kunth ) Sch. Bip. Osmia graciliflora ( DC. ) Sch. Bip. Osmia graciliflorum ( DC. ) Sch. Bip. Osmia odorata ( L. ) Sch. Bip. Flower in Kerala Indian Cabbage White ( Pieris canidia ) on C. odorata at Samsing in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. Chromolaena odorata is a tropical and subtropical species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family. It is native to the Americas, from Florida and Texas in the United States south through Mexico and the Caribbean to South America. It has been introduced to tropical Asia, west Africa, and parts of Australia. Common names include Siam weed, Christmas bush, devil weed, camphor grass, common floss flower, communist green and triffid. Contents 1 Description 2 Classification 3 Uses 4 Invasive species 5 Control 6 History of introduction 7 Toxicity 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Description Chromolaena odorata is a rapidly growing perennial herb. It is a multi-stemmed shrub to 2.5 m ( 100 inches ) tall in open areas. It has soft stems but the base of the shrub is woody. In shady areas it becomes etiolated and behaves as a creeper, growing on other vegetation. It can then become up to 10 m ( 33 feet ) tall. The plant is hairy and glandular and the leaves give off a pungent, aromatic odour when crushed. The leaves are opposite, triangular to elliptical with serrated edges. Leaves are 4 -- 10 cm long by 1 -- 5 cm wide ( up to 4 x 2 inches ). Leaf petioles are 1 -- 4 cm long. The white to pale pink tubular flowers are in panicles of 10 to 35 flowers that form at the ends of branches. The seeds are achenes and are somewhat hairy. They are mostly spread by the wind, but can also cling to fur, clothes and machinery, enabling long distance dispersal. Seed production is about 80000 to 90000 per plant. Seeds need light to germinate. The plant can regenerate from the roots. In favorable conditions the plant can grow more than 3 cm per day. Classification It was earlier taxonomically classified under the genus Eupatorium, but is now considered more closely related to other genera in the tribe Eupatorieae. Uses Seeds ready to be dispersed. A recent review indicates that the ethno - pharmacological, funcigicidal, nematicidal importance of the plant and its use as a fallow species and as a soil fertility improvement plant in the slash and burn rotation system of agriculture has contributed to its continued use and spread in Nigeria. Invasive species A sign in Kloof encouraging the elimination of Chromolaena odorata, colloquially known as Triffids Chromolaena odorata is considered an invasive weed of field crops and natural environments in its introduced range. It has been reported to be the most problematic invasive species within protected rainforests in Africa. In Western Africa it prevents regeneration of tree species in areas of shifting cultivation. It affects species diversity in southern Africa. The plant 's flammability affects forest edges. In Sri Lanka it is a major weed in disturbed areas and coconut plantations. Control Biological control with a defoliating artiid was attempted in the 1970s. In the Ashanti region of Ghana Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata was introduced to some effect in a pilot study in the Ashanti region. A renewed call for coordinated biological control effort in Nigeria was made in 2014, to attempt to bring the plant back into an ecological equilibrium. In Australia a systematic eradication programme with herbicide has been initiated. History of introduction In the nineteenth century Chromolaena odorata escaped from the botanical gardens at Dacca ( India ), Java ( Indonesia ) and Peradeniya ( Sri Lanka ). In Western Africa the plant was accidentally introduced with forestry seeds. It was introduced as an ornamental in Southern Africa, and was introduced to Ivory Coast in 1952 to control Imperata grasses. It was first found in Queensland, Australia in 1994 and was perhaps introduced with foreign pasture seeds. It is locally called Communist Pacha in the south Indian state Kerala as the plant was introduced there in the 1950s, the era when the Communists formed a government. Toxicity Chromolaena odorata contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. It is toxic to cattle. It can also cause allergic reactions. Recent research has shown the plant is larvicidal against all major mosquito vectors. See also John Wyndham 's The Day of the Triffids -- the post-apocalyptic novel from which the plant receives one of its colloquial names References Jump up ^ The Plant List, Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M. King & H. Rob. Jump up ^ `` Chromolaena odorata ''. Flora of North America. Jump up ^ `` Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M. King & H. Rob. '' Germplasm Resources Information Network ( GRIN ). Agricultural Research Service ( ARS ), United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ). Retrieved 15 July 2017. Jump up ^ Flora of China, 飞机 草 fei ji cao Chromolaena odorata ( Linnaeus ) R.M. King & H. Robinson Jump up ^ Tropicos, Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M. King & H. Rob. Jump up ^ Atlas of Living Australia ^ Jump up to : Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants : A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 116 -- 117. Jump up ^ Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants : A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 116 -- 117. '' Siam weed or chromolaena ( Chromolaena odorata ) '' Weed Management Guide at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/guidelines/alert/pubs/c-odorata.pdf and Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm Jump up ^ GJ Schmidt ; EE Schilling ( May 2000 ). `` Phylogeny and Biogeography of Eupatorium ( Asteraceae : Eupatorieae ) Based on Nuclear ITS Sequence ''. American Journal of Botany. Botanical Society of America. 87 ( 5 ) : 716 -- 726. doi : 10.2307 / 2656858. JSTOR 2656858. PMID 10811796. ^ Jump up to : Uyi OO, Ekhator F, Ikuenobe CE, Borokini TI, Aigbokhan EI, Egbon IN, Adebayo AR, Igbinosa IB, Okeke CO, Igbinosa EO, Omokhua GA. 2014. Chromolaena odorata invasion in Nigeria : A case for coordinated biological control Management of Biological Invasions ( 2014 ) 5 ( 4 ) : 377 -- 393. ( 1 ) Jump up ^ The plant is referred to as `` rompe saragüey '' by practitioners of Santeria, who use it for spiritual purposes. This use was famously mentioned in the salsa ( music ) song `` Rompe Saragüey '' by Héctor Lavoe. Jump up ^ `` Siam weed or chromolaena ( Chromolaena odorata ) '' Weed Management Guide at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/guidelines/alert/pubs/c-odorata.pdf and Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm Jump up ^ TT Struhsaker ; PJ Struhsaker ; KS Siex ( May 2005 ). `` Conserving Africa 's rain forests : problems in protected areas and possible solutions '' ( PDF ). Biological Conservation. 123 ( 1 ) : 45 -- 54. doi : 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2004.10. 007. ISSN 0006 - 3207. Jump up ^ Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm Jump up ^ Gunasekera, L. ( 2009 ). Invasive Plants : A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants in Sri Lanka. Colombo. 116 - 117 Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 04 - 09. Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 11. Jump up ^ Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm '' Siam weed or chromolaena ( Chromolaena odorata ) '' Weed Management Guide at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/guidelines/alert/pubs/c-odorata.pdf Jump up ^ Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm Jump up ^ Fu, P.P., Yang, Y.C., Xia, Q., Chou, M.C., Cui, Y.Y., Lin G., `` Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements '', Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2002, pp. 198 - 211 ( 2 ) Jump up ^ '' Siam weed or chromolaena ( Chromolaena odorata ) '' Weed Management Guide at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/guidelines/alert/pubs/c-odorata.pdf Jump up ^ Gade, S ; Rajamanikyam, M ; Vadlapudi, V ; Nukala, KM ; Aluvala, R ; Giddigari, C ; Karanam, NJ ; Barua, NC ; Pandey, R ; Upadhyayula, VS ; Sripadi, P ; Amanchy, R ; Upadhyayula, SM ( 2017 ). `` Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of stigmasterol & hexacosanol is responsible for larvicidal and repellent properties of Chromolaena odorata ''. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1861 ( 3 ) : 541 -- 550. doi : 10.1016 / j. bbagen. 2016.11. 044. Further reading Pink, A. ( 2004 ). Gardening for the Million. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Raimundo, R.L.G., R.L. Fonseca, R. Schachetti - Pereira, A.T. Peterson & Thomas Michael Lewinsohn, 2007. Native and Exotic Distributions of Siamweed ( Chromolaena odorata ) Modeled Using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule - Set Production. Weed Science, 55 ( 1 ) : 41 -- 48 Abstract '' Siam weed or chromolaena ( Chromolaena odorata ) '', Weed Management Guide, ISBN 1 - 920932 - 36 - 4. At http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/guidelines/alert/pubs/c-odorata.pdf Pierre Binggeli '' Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & Robinson ( Asteraceae ) '', 1997, at http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~afs101/iwpt/web-sp4.htm Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants : A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 116 -- 117. External links Media related to Chromolaena odorata at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Chromolaena odorata at Wikispecies Queensland Government Factsheet United States Department of Agriculture plants profile Dressler, S. ; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. ( 2014 ). `` Chromolaena odorata ''. African plants -- a Photo Guide. Frankfurt / Main : Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. Taxon identifiers Chromolaena odorata Wd : Q2583146 APDB : 95398 EoL : 467611 FNA : 242312602 FoC : 242312602 GBIF : 3087725 GRIN : 403697 iNaturalist : 199400 IPNI : 57443 - 2 ITIS : 37034 NCBI : 103745 NZOR : 6a4f7ddc - a6f7 - 49e0 - 92d0 - a0f8501359c6 Plant List : gcc - 24352 PLANTS : CHOD Tropicos : 2709754 Eupatorium odoratum Wd : Q38717280 GRIN : 16328 ITIS : 196245 Tropicos : 2700758 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromolaena_odorata&oldid=831984443 '' Categories : Eupatorieae Invasive plant species Invasive plant species in South Africa Medicinal plants of Central America Flora naturalised in Australia Flora of the Caribbean Flora of Texas Flora of Florida Flora of Mexico Flora of South America Plants described in 1759 Invasive plant species in Sri Lanka Medicinal plants of North America Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with ' species ' microformats Articles with dead external links from December 2016 Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Acèh Afrikaans Asturianu বাংলা Deutsch Español Français Kapampangan Kreyòl ayisyen മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu नेपाली 日本 語 Русский ไทย Tiếng Việt 中文 8 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 March 2018, at 03 : 50. 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Question: what is the botanical name of siam weed
Answer: Chromolaena odorata