National Woman 's Party - wikipedia National Woman 's Party This article 's lead section may be too long for the length of the article. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Please read the layout guide and lead section guidelines to ensure the section will still be inclusive of all essential details. Please discuss this issue on the article 's talk page. ( February 2018 ) National Woman 's Party Formation June 5, 1916 ( 1916 - 06 - 05 ) Extinction Purpose `` To secure an amendment to the United States Constitution enfranchising women '' and to pass the ERA Headquarters Washington, DC Key people Alice Paul, Lucy Burns Website http://www.nationalwomansparty.org/ Formerly called Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage The National Woman 's Party ( NWP ) was an American women 's organization formed in 1916 as an outgrowth of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which had been formed in 1913 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to fight for women 's suffrage. The National Woman 's Party broke from the much larger National American Woman Suffrage Association, which was focused on attempting to gain women 's suffrage at the state level. The National Woman 's Party prioritized the passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women 's suffrage throughout the United States. The National Woman 's Party, like the Congressional Union, was under the leadership of Alice Paul, who learned from militant suffragettes in Britain who used a variety of tactics to gain publicity for the cause of suffrage. Paul 's strategy was to use publicity to hold the party in power, the Democratic Party and President Woodrow Wilson, responsible for the status of woman suffrage. Starting in January 1917, NWP members known as Silent Sentinels continued their quest for equality by protesting outside the White House. While the British suffragettes stopped their protests when Britain entered the war in 1914, and supported the British war effort, Paul remained committed to the suffrage cause and continued her campaign after the US entered the war on April 6, 1917. Members of the NWP argued it was hypocritical for the United States to fight a war for democracy in Europe while denying its benefits to half of the US population. Similar arguments were being made in Europe, where most of the allied nations of Europe had enfranchised some women or would soon. The NWP pickets were controversial as they continued during war time. Many NWP activists were later arrested on the charge of obstructing traffic, and many went on hunger strikes in prison to protest their unlawful detention. Abusive treatment of the protesters, who believed themselves to be political prisoners, angered some Americans and created more support for the suffrage amendment. They were eventually released and their arrests were later declared unconstitutional. In the meantime, NAWSA helped pass the 1917 referendum in New York State in favor of suffrage. In early 1918, Wilson came out in favor of the amendment, and it passed the House, but failed in the Senate despite another round of protests and arrests. After the NWP helped replace anti-suffrage senators in the 1918 elections, the amendment finally passed both houses and was sent to the states for ratification. The Nineteenth amendment was ratified by enough states by 1920, thus giving many women the right to vote. Many African American women in the Jim Crow South remained disenfranchised after the ratification of this amendment. After ratification, the NWP turned its attention to passage of an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. Historian Nancy Cott has noted that as the party moved into the 1920s it remained ideologically consistent in the pursuit of equal rights for women and that : it remained an autocratically run, single - minded and single - issue pressure group, still reliant on getting into the newspapers as a means of publicizing its cause, very insistent on the method of `` getting in touch with the key men. ''... NWP lobbyists went straight to legislators, governors, and presidents, not to their constituents. Today, the National Woman 's Party exists as a 501c3 educational organization. Its task is now the maintenance and interpretation of the collection and archives of the historic National Woman 's Party The NWP operates out of the Belmont - Paul Women 's Equality National Monument in Washington, DC, where objects from the collection are exhibited. Contents 1 Early history 2 Opposition to Wilson 3 Picketing the White House 4 Fighting for equal rights 5 Civil Rights Act of 1964 6 Publications 7 Notable members 8 See also 9 Further reading 10 References 11 External links Early history After their experience with militant suffrage work in Great Britain, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns reunited in the United States in 1910. The two women originally were appointed to the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In March 1913, the two women organized a parade of 5,000 -- 8,000 women ( by differing estimates ) in Washington, D.C. on the day before Woodrow Wilson 's inauguration. Though planned as an elegant progression of symbolically dressed, accomplished, and professional women, the parade quickly devolved into chaos due to violent reactions from the crowd and a lack of support by the local police. The D.C. police did little to help the suffragists ; the women were assisted by the Massachusetts National Guard, the Pennsylvania National Guard, and boys from the Maryland Agricultural College, who created a human barrier protecting the women from the angry crowd. After this incident, which Paul effectively used to rally public opinion to the suffrage cause, Paul and Burns founded the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in April 1913, which split off from NAWSA later that year. The Congressional Union began publishing a weekly newspaper, The Suffragist, in November 1913. Paul and Burns were frustrated with the National 's slower approach of focusing on individual state referendums and wanted to pursue a congressional amendment. Alice Paul had also chafed under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, as she had very different ideas of how to go about suffrage work, and a different attitude towards militancy. Catt disapproved of the radical strategies, inspired by the British `` Suffragettes '', Paul and Burns were trying to implement into the American Suffrage Movement. The split was confirmed by a major difference of opinion on the Shafroth - Palmer Amendment. This amendment was spearheaded by Alice Paul 's replacement as chair of the National 's Congressional Committee, and was a compromise of sorts meant to appease racist sentiment in the South. Shafroth -- Palmer was to be a constitutional amendment that would require any state with more than 8 percent signing an initiative petition to hold a state referendum on suffrage. This would have kept the law - making out of federal hands, a proposition more attractive to the South. Southern states feared a congressional women 's suffrage amendment as a possible federal encroachment into their restrictive system of voting laws, meant to disenfranchise the black voter. Paul and Burns felt that this amendment was a lethal distraction from the true and ultimately necessary goal of an all - encompassing federal amendment protecting the rights of all women -- especially as the bruising rounds of state referendums were perceived at the time as almost damaging the cause. In Paul 's words : `` It is a little difficult to treat with seriousness an equivocating, evasive, childish substitute for the simple and dignified suffrage amendment now before Congress. '' Portrait of Alice Paul, 1915 Lucy Burns, Vice Chairman Congressional Union, 1913 Rheta Childe Dorr, first editor of The Suffragist Opposition to Wilson March 8, 1913 front page of Woman 's Journal Women associated with the party staged a very innovative suffrage parade on March 3, 1913, the day before Wilson 's inauguration. During the group 's first meeting, Paul clarified that the party would not be a political party and therefore would not endorse a candidate for president during elections. While non-partisan, the NWP directed most of its attention to President Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats, criticizing them as responsible for the failure to pass a constitutional amendment. The National Woman 's Party continued to focus on suffrage as their main cause. It refused to either support or attack American involvement in the World War, while the rival National American Woman Suffrage Association ( NAWSA ) under Carrie Chapman Catt gave full support to the war effort. As a result, a diverse group of activists such as pacifists and Socialists were attracted to the NWP due to its opposition to an anti-suffrage president. Picketing the white House NWP members picket the White House during the Silent Sentinels protests in 1917 ; the banner reads, `` Mr. President, How Long Must Women Wait For Liberty. '' While the British suffragettes stopped their protests in 1914 and supported the British war effort, Paul continued her struggle for women 's equality and organized picketing of a war time president to maintain attention to the lack of enfranchisement for women. Known as `` Silent Sentinels '', their action lasted from January 10, 1917 until June 1919. The picketers were tolerated at first, but when they continued to picket after the United States declared war in 1917, they were arrested by police for obstructing traffic. Many of the NWP 's members upon arrest went on hunger strikes ; some, including Paul, were force - fed by jail personnel as a consequence. Anne Henrietta Martin, the NWP 's first vice chairman, was sentenced to the Occoquan Workhouse, though Wilson pardoned her in less than a week. Other suffragists arrested during the picket included Helena Hill and Iris Calderhead. The resulting publicity at a time when Wilson was trying to build a reputation for himself and the nation as an international leader in human rights was designed to force Wilson to publicly call for the Congress to pass the Suffrage Amendment. Wilson favored woman suffrage at the state level, but held off support for a nationwide constitutional amendment because his party was sharply divided, with the South opposing an amendment on the grounds of state 's rights. The only Southern state to grant women the vote was Arkansas. The NWP in 1917 -- 1919 repeatedly attacked Wilson and his party for not enacting an amendment. Wilson, however, kept in close touch with more moderate suffragists of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. He continued to hold off until he was sure the Democratic Party in the North was supportive ; the 1917 referendum in New York State in favor of suffrage proved decisive for him. In January 1918, Wilson went in person to the House and made a strong and widely published appeal to the House to pass the bill. The innovative non-violent tactics of the NWP were a contributing factor in getting Wilson to change his position on the suffrage bill. It passed but the Senate stalled until 1919 then finally sent the amendment to the states for ratification. Scholar Belinda A. Stillion Southard has written that ``... the campaign of the NWP was crucial toward securing the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. '' Fighting for Equal rights After the ratification of the Nineteenth amendment in 1920, the NWP turned its attention to eliminating other forms of gender discrimination, principally by advocating passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which Paul drafted in 1923. The organization regrouped and published the magazine Equal Rights. The publication was directed towards women but also intended to educate men about the benefits of women 's suffrage, women 's rights and other issues concerning American women. `` Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction. '' The NWP 's agenda was at times opposed by working class women and by the labor unions that represented working class men who feared low - wage women workers would lower the overall pay scale and demean the role of the male breadwinner. Eleanor Roosevelt, an ally of the unions, generally opposed the NWP policies because she believed women needed protective legislation, not equality. However, the National Woman 's Party found protective legislation to relegate women to a lower class, and aimed their work on the ERA and other legislation to combat this second class citizenship status. The NWP argued that protective labor legislation would continue to depress women 's wages and prevent women from gaining access to all types of work and parts of society. After 1920, the National Woman 's Party authored over 600 pieces of legislation fighting for women 's equality ; over 300 of these were passed. In addition, the NWP continued to lobby for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and under president Sarah Tarleton Colvin, who served in 1933, pressed for equal pay. Scholar Mary K. Trigg has noted, ``... the NWP played a central role in the women 's rights movement after 1945. It stuck to its laser - like focus on the ERA, doggedly lobbying year in and year out for the amendment 's introduction in Congress. '' In 1997, the NWP ceased to be a lobbying organization. Instead, it turned its focus to education and to preserving its collection of first hand source documents from the women 's suffrage movement. The NWP continues to function as an educational organization, maintaining and interpreting the collection left by the work of the historic National Woman 's Party. First Lady Betty Ford 's `` Bloomer Flag '' Congress passed the ERA Amendment and many states ratified it, but at the last minute in 1982 it was stopped by a coalition of conservatives led by Phyllis Schlafly and never passed. However, in 1964 the NWP did succeed, with the support of conservatives and over the opposition of liberals, blacks and labor unions, to have `` sex '' added to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thus achieving some of the goals sought by the NWP. Civil rights Act of 1964 In 1963 Congress passed the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which prohibited wage differentials based on sex. The prohibition on sex discrimination was added by Howard W. Smith, a powerful Virginian Democrat who chaired the House Rules Committee. He was a conservative who strongly opposed civil rights laws for blacks, but he supported such laws for white women. Smith 's amendment was passed by a teller vote of 168 to 133. House Rules Committee clerk 's record of markup session adding `` sex '' to bill. Historians debate Smith 's motivation -- was it a cynical attempt to defeat the bill by someone opposed to both civil rights for blacks and women, or did he support women 's rights and was attempting to improve the bill by broadening it to include women ? Smith expected that Republicans, who had included equal rights for women in their party 's platform since 1944, would probably vote for the amendment. Historians speculate that Smith was trying to embarrass northern Democrats who opposed civil rights for women because the clause was opposed by labor unions. Smith asserted that he sincerely supported the amendment and, indeed, along with Rep. Martha Griffiths, he was the chief spokesperson for the amendment. For twenty years Smith had sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment -- with no linkage to racial issues -- in the House because he believed in it. For decades he had been close to the National Woman 's Party and especially Paul. She and other activists had worked with Smith since 1945 trying to find a way to include sex as a protected civil rights category. Now was the moment. Griffiths argued that the new law would protect black women but not white women, and that was unfair to white women. Furthermore, she argued that the laws `` protecting '' women from unpleasant jobs were actually designed to enable men to monopolize those jobs, and that was unfair to women who were not allowed to try out for those jobs. The amendment passed with the votes of Republicans and Southern Democrats. The final law passed with the votes of Republicans and Northern Democrats. Publications Nina E. Allender, The Spirit of ' 76. ' On to the Senate !, 1915 The Suffragist newspaper was founded by the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in 1913. It was referred to as `` the only women 's political newspaper in the United States '' and was published to promote women 's suffrage activities. Its articles had political cartoons, a form of visual propaganda, by Nina E. Allender to garner support for the movement and communicate the status of the suffrage amendment. The woman who reads our paper will be informed as to happenings in Congress, not only suffrage happenings, although they come first, but all proceedings of special interest to women. Men do not realize how serious are the changes that are taking place in the conduct of Congress. Women will have to inform them. Only in the pages of The Suffragist will you find the information you need. -- The Suffragist, 1914 After the amendment for the women 's right to vote was passed, the publication was discontinued by the National Woman 's Party and succeeded in 1923 by Equal Rights. Published until 1954, Equal Rights began as a weekly newsletter and evolved into a bi-monthly release aimed at keeping NWP members informed about developments related to the ERA and legislative issues. It included field reports, legislation updates and features about the activities of the NWP and featured writing from contributors including Crystal Eastman, Zona Gale, Ruth Hale and Inez Haynes Irwin. Josephine Casey appeared on the cover of the publication in April 1931 as a result of her recurring column about the labour conditions of female textile workers in Georgia. Notable members The Belmont - Paul Women 's Equality National Monument, Washington DC, Headquarters of the Historic National Woman 's Party Nina E. Allender Caroline Lexow Babcock Abby Scott Baker Mary Ritter Beard Harriot Stanton Blatch Alva Belmont Lucy Burns Marion Cothren Rheta Childe Dorr Crystal Eastman Sara Bard Field Phoebe Hearst Alison Turnbull Hopkins Inez Haynes Irwin Edna Buckman Kearns Anne Martin Inez Milholland Vida Milholland Alice Paul Doris Stevens Caroline Spencer Mabel Vernon Amelia Earhart Maud Younger See also Silent Sentinels Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 Suffrage Hikes History of Feminism List of suffragists and suffragettes List of women 's rights activists Timeline of women 's rights ( other than voting ) Timeline of women 's suffrage Women 's suffrage organizations Iron Jawed Angels Further reading Adams, Katherine H. ; Keene, Michael L. ( 2008 ). Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign. Chicago : University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 252 - 07471 - 4. The standard scholarly biography ; online review Behn, Beth ( 2012 ). Woodrow Wilson 's Conversion Experience : The President and the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment ( PhD thesis ). University of Massachusetts -- Amherst. Retrieved January 25, 2015. Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality : Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the Era Debate, 1921 -- 1929 ( 2002 ) Cooney, Robert P.J. Winning the Vote : The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement. Santa Cruz, CA : American Graphic Press, 2005. Cott, Nancy F. ( 1987 ). The Grounding of Modern Feminism. Yale University Press. pp. 51 -- 82. ISBN 0 - 300 - 03892 - 5. Dodd, Lynda G. ( 2008 ). `` Parades, pickets, and prison : Alice Paul and the virtues of unruly constitutional citizenship ''. Journal of Law & Politics. 24 ( 4 ) : 339 -- 443. SSRN 2226351. Lunardini, Christine A. ( 2000 ). From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights : Alice Paul and the National Woman 's Party, 1910 -- 1928. ISBN 978 - 0595000555. The standard scholarly history. Southard, Belinda A. Stillion ( 2011 ). Militant Citizenship : Rhetorical Strategies of the National Woman 's Party, 1913 -- 1920. College Station : Texas A & M University Press. Stevens, Doris ( 1976 ). Jailed for Freedom. New York : Schoken Books. Walton, Mary ( 2010 ). A Woman 's Crusade : Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978 - 0 - 230 - 61175 - 7. References Jump up ^ Behn ( 2012 ). Jump up ^ Cott ( 1987 ), pp. 51 -- 82. Jump up ^ `` Learn : National Woman 's Party ''. Jump up ^ Cott ( 1987 ), p. 80. Jump up ^ `` About the NWP ''. Jump up ^ Baltimore Sun, March 4, 1913 Jump up ^ Flexner, Eleanor ( 1959 ). Century of Struggle : The Woman 's Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. p. 259. ISBN 0 - 674 - 10654 - 7. Jump up ^ Adams & Keene ( 2008 ), p. 103. Jump up ^ Flexner, Eleanor, Century of Struggle, enlarged edition ( 1959 ; Harvard University Press, 1996 ), pp. 255 -- 257. Jump up ^ Cott ( 1987 ), pp. 59 -- 61. Jump up ^ `` Photographs from the Records of the National Woman 's Party ''. Doris Stevens, Jailed for Freedom ( New York : Boni and Liveright, 1920 ), 364. The Library of Congress. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Jump up ^ Doris Stevens, Jailed for Freedom, edited by Ronald McDonald ( 1920 ; NewSage Press, 1995 ), pp. 59 -- 136. Jump up ^ Lunardini, Christine A. ; Knock, Thomas J. ( 1980 ). `` Woodrow Wilson and woman suffrage : A new look ''. Political Science Quarterly. 95 ( 4 ) : 655 -- 671. doi : 10.2307 / 2150609. JSTOR 2150609. Jump up ^ Southard, Brenda A. Stillion ( 2011 ). Militant Citizenship : Rhetorical Strategies of the National Woman 's Party, 1913 -- 1920. College Station : Texas A & M Press. p. 190. Jump up ^ Carol, Rebecca ; Myers, Kristina ; Lindman, Janet. `` The Equal Rights Amendment ''. Alice Paul : Feminist, Suffragist and Political Strategist. Alice Paul Institute. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Pfeffer, Paula F. ( 1996 ). `` Eleanor Roosevelt and the National and World Woman 's Parties ''. The Historian. 59 ( 1 ) : 39 -- 57. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1540 - 6563.1996. tb00983. x. Jump up ^ Leila J. Rupp and Verta Taylor, Survival in the Doldrums ( Oxford University Press, 1987 ), pp. 24 -- 44. Jump up ^ `` Mrs. A.R. Colvin to Be Honor Guest ''. The Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. December 17, 1933. p. 26. Retrieved January 3, 2018 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ `` St. Paul Woman Elected ''. The Minneapolis Star. Minneapolis, Minnesota. November 6, 1933. p. 7. Retrieved January 3, 2018 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ Trigg, Mary K. ( 2014 ). Feminism as Life 's Work. New Brunswick, New Jersey : Rutgers University Press. pp. 178 -- 179. Jump up ^ Freeman, Jo ( March 1991 ). `` How ' Sex ' Got into Title VII : Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy ''. Law and Inequality. 9 ( 2 ) : 163 -- 184. Jump up ^ Rosalind Rosenberg, Divided Lives : American Women in the Twentieth Century ( 2008 ) p. 187 -- 88 Jump up ^ Frum, David ( 2000 ). How We Got Here : The ' 70s. New York, NY : Basic Books. pp. 245 -- 246, 249. ISBN 0 - 465 - 04195 - 7. ^ Jump up to : Gold, Michael Evan ( 1981 ). `` A Tale of Two Amendments : The Reasons Congress Added Sex to Title VII and Their Implication for the Issue of Comparable Worth ''. Faculty Publications -- Collective Bargaining, Labor Law, and Labor History. Cornell University Press. Jump up ^ Olson, Lynne ( 2001 ). Freedom 's daughters : the unsung heroines of the civil rights movement, p. 360 Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Rosalind ( 2008 ). Divided Lives : American Women in the Twentieth Century, p. 187 notes that Smith had been working for years with two Virginia feminists on the issue. Jump up ^ Harrison, Cynthia ( 1989 ). On Account of Sex : The Politics of Women 's Issues, 1945 -- 1968, p. 179 ^ Jump up to : `` Suffragist Newspapers ''. National Woman 's Party. Retrieved April 21, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Equal Rights Newspapers ''. National Woman 's Party. Retrieved December 27, 2015. Jump up ^ Storrs, Landon R.Y. ( 2000 ). Civilizing Capitalism : The National Consumers ' League, Women 's Activism, and Labor Standards in the New Deal Era. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0 - 8078 - 6099 - 9. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Woman 's Party. National Woman 's Party Women of Protest : Photographs from the Records of the National Woman 's Party Detailed Chronology of National Woman 's Party Database of National Woman 's Party Actions Outside Washington D.C. 1914 -- 1924 National Woman 's Party Offices and Actions ( Washington D.C. map ) National Woman 's Party : a year - by - year history 1913 -- 1922 National Woman 's Party 1912 -- 1922 : Timeline Story Map Suffrage Basic topics Universal suffrage Women Black Youth Resident foreigners Expatriates in country of origin Voting age Demeny voting Suffragette Compulsory voting Disfranchisement Women 's liberation movement By country Australia 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act aboriginal women Japan Hong Kong Kuwait New Zealand Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom women Wales laws 1832 1918 1928 United States women Native Americans foreigners District of Columbia Puerto Rico amendments 15th 19th 23rd 24th 26th 1965 Voting Rights Act Events International Woman Suffrage Alliance conferences 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 1 July marches 2014 protests UK Mud March ( 1907 ) Women 's Sunday ( 1908 ) Black Friday ( 1910 ) Great Pilgrimage ( 1913 ) Open Christmas Letter U.S. Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments Rochester Convention Ohio Women 's Convention National Women 's Rights Convention Suffrage Hikes 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession Silent Sentinels Night of Terror `` Give Us the Ballot '' Selma to Montgomery marches Related Age of candidacy US Voting Rights Museum Umbrella Movement Women Suffragists Timeline of women 's suffrage US in majority - Muslim countries Women 's suffrage organizations and publications Women 's rights activists Suffragette Memorial Pankhurst Centre Pankhurst Memorial Belmont - Paul Monument International Women 's Day Susan B. Anthony Day Women 's Equality Day Eagle House Justice Bell 1920 US presidential election Leser v. Garnett Popular culture `` The March of the Women '' ( 1910 song ) The Mother of Us All ( 1947 opera ) `` Sister Suffragette '' ( 1964 song ) Shoulder to Shoulder ( 1974 series ) Not for Ourselves Alone ( 1999 documentary ) Iron Jawed Angels ( 2004 film ) Great Petition ( 2008 sculpture ) Selma ( 2014 film ) Suffragette ( 2015 film ) Susan B. Anthony dollar 2020 US ten - dollar bill Alice Paul Life Paulsdale Women 's Social and Political Union Initiated and co-strategized 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage National Woman 's Party Silent Sentinels Night of Terror Equal Rights Amendment Women 's rights in the 1964 Civil Rights Act Co-authored Equal Rights Amendment Main associates Alva Belmont Lucy Burns Crystal Eastman Inez Haynes Irwin Dora Lewis Inez Milholland Doris Stevens Mabel Vernon Legacy Belmont - Paul Women 's Equality National Monument 2012 ten - dollar coin 2020 United States ten - dollar bill Iron Jawed Angels ( 2004 film ) Alice Paul Institute Related 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution Women 's suffrage in the United States Feminism Women Girls Femininity History Social Women 's history Feminist history Timeline of women 's rights ( other than voting ) Suffrage Women 's suffrage Timeline Majority - Muslim countries In the United States Australia Canada Japan Kuwait New Zealand Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Wales United States In states Utah General First - wave Second - wave Third - wave Fourth - wave Timeline Timeline of second - wave Variants Analytical Anarchist Anti-abortion Atheist Conservative Cultural Cyber Democratic confederalism Difference Eco Vegetarian Equality Fat French French post-structuralist Gender Global Graffiti Hip - hop / Activism Individualist Labor Lesbian Liberal Equity Lipstick Material Maternal Neo New Post Postcolonial Postmodern Post-structural Multicultural Black Chicana Indigenous Kurdish Native American White Radical Radical lesbian Religious Buddhist Christian Hindu Islamic Jewish Orthodox Mormon Neopagan Dianic Wicca Reclaiming Sikh Separatist Sex - positive Social Socialist Marxist Standpoint Third world Trans Transnational Womanism Africana Concepts Anti-feminism Bicycling and feminism Children 's literature Embedded feminism Female education Femicide Feminazi Feminism and equality Feminism and media Feminist effects on society Feminism in culture Feminist movement African - American women 's suffrage movement Art movement In hip hop Feminist stripper Feminist theory in composition studies Gender equality Girl power Language reform Male gaze Matriarchal religion Men and feminism Meninism Networked feminism Political lesbianism Lesbian separatism Pro-feminism Protofeminism Reproductive justice Second - generation gender bias Sexism in medicine Sexual harassment State feminism Straw feminism Transgender and transexual Triple oppression Victim feminism Views on BDSM Views on pornography Views on prostitution War on Women Women 's health Women 's rights Theory Gender studies Gender mainstreaming Gynocentrism Matriarchy Women 's studies Men 's studies Kyriarchy Patriarchy Écriture féminine Economics FPDA Method Oedipus complex Political theory Theology Thealogy Womanist theology Sexology Sociology Legal theory Art Art crit Literary crit Film theory Biology Political ecology Architecture Anthropology Archaeology Criminology Pathways perspective Geography Pedagogy Philosophy Aesthetics Empiricism Epistemology Ethics Justice ethics Existentialism Metaphysics Pornography Psychology International relations Existentialism Revisionist mythology Technoscience Science fiction Composition studies By country Albania Australia Bangladesh Canada China Republic of the Congo Denmark Egypt Ethiopia Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Republic of Ireland Israel Italy Japan Latin America Argentina Brazil Chile Haiti Honduras Mexico Paraguay Trinidad and Tobago Lebanon Malaysia Native America Mali Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Northern Cyprus Norway Pakistan Philippines Poland Russia Syria South Africa South Korea Sweden Taiwan Thailand Turkey Vietnam Ukraine United Kingdom United States History of women Lists Indexes Articles Feminists by nationality Literature American feminist literature Feminist comic books Conservative feminisms Countries by women 's average years in school Ecofeminist authors Feminist art critics Feminist economists Feminist philosophers Feminist poets Feminist rhetoricians Jewish feminists Muslim feminists Feminist parties Suffragists and suffragettes Women 's rights activists Women 's studies journals Women 's suffrage organizations Feminism portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Woman%27s_Party&oldid=829466953 '' Categories : Women 's suffrage advocacy groups in the United States Political parties established in 1913 1930 disestablishments in the United States Feminist political parties in the United States Defunct democratic socialist parties in the United States Defunct social democratic parties in the United States 1913 establishments in the United States National Woman 's Party Alice Paul Progressive Era in the United States Silent Sentinels Hidden categories : Wikipedia introduction cleanup from February 2018 All pages needing cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from February 2018 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Use mdy dates from February 2018 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016 Talk Variants Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch فارسی Français עברית 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 March 2018, at 20 : 34. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who formed and started the national womens party
Answer: Alice Paul