Nilgiri mountains - Wikipedia Nilgiri mountains This article is about the mountain range. For other uses, see Nilgiri. Coordinates : 11 ° 22 ′ 30 '' N 76 ° 45 ′ 30 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.375 ° N 76.75833 ° E ﻿ / 11.375 ; 76.75833 Nilgiri Hills View of Nilgiri Hills Highest point Peak Doddabetta ( Tamil Nadu ) Elevation 2,637 m ( 8,652 ft ) Listing Ultra List of Indian states and territories by highest point Naming Translation Blue Mountains Geography Location Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka Parent range Western Ghats Geology Age of rock Azoic Age, 3000 to 500 mya Mountain type Fault Climbing Easiest route NH 67 ( Satellite view ) or Nilgiri Mountain Railway The Nilgiri Mountains ( Sanskrit : नीलगिरि ; Tamil : நீலகிரி ; Malayalam : നീലഗിരി ; Kannada : ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ; Neelagiri, literally blue hills ) form part of the Western Ghats in western Tamil Nadu of Southern India. At least 24 of the Nilgiri mountains ' peaks are above 2,000 metres ( 6,600 ft ), the highest peak being Doddabetta, at 2,637 metres ( 8,652 ft ). Contents 1 Etymology 2 Location 3 Tribes 4 Conservation 5 History 6 Peaks in the Nilgiris 7 Waterfalls 8 Flora and fauna 9 References 10 External links Etymology Nilgiri literally means blue hill in Sanskrit and all four major Dravidian languages. The usage of the name Nilgiri has been observed since at least 1117 CE. It is thought that the bluish flowers of kurinji shrubs gave rise to the name. Location The Nilgiri mountains span around 90 km in north - south direction and nearly 80 km from east to west. The area covered is about 3900 km2. Clearly distinguished from the surrounding lowlands in the west, south and east, the area is bounded by the Moyar River to the northlying Karnataka plateau and merges into the Wayanad plateau of Kerala at the north west. Parts of the mountains lie within the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu. Tribes Kotas are an ethnic group who are indigenous to the Nilgiris mountain range in Tamil Nadu, India. They are one of the many tribal peoples indigenous to the region. Others are the Todas, Irulas and Kurumbas. Conservation The Nilgiri Hills are part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve ( itself part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. ), and form a part of the protected bio reserves in India. Map of Nilgiri 's Biosphere Reserve Nilgiri Hills from Masinangudi History The high steppes of the Nilgiri Hills have been inhabited since prehistoric times, demonstrated by a large number of artifacts unearthed by excavators. A particularly important collection from the region can be seen in the British Museum, including those assembled by colonial officers James Wilkinson Breeks, Major M.J. Walhouse and Sir Walter Elliot. The first recorded use of the word Nila applied to this region can be traced back to 1117 AD. In the report of a general of Vishnuvardhana, King of Hoysalas, who in reference to his enemies, claimed to have `` frightened the Todas, driven the Kongas underground, slaughtered the Poluvas, put to death the Maleyalas, terrified Chieftain Kala Nirpala and then proceeded to offer the peak of Nila Mountain ( presumably Doddabetta or Rangaswami peak of Peranganad in East Nilgiris ) to Lakshmi, Goddess of Wealth. '' A hero stone ( Veeragallu ) with a Kannada inscription at Vazhaithottam ( Bale thota ) in the Nilgiri District, dated to 10th century CE, has been discovered. A Kannada inscription of Hoysala king Ballala III ( or his subordinate Madhava Dannayaka 's son ) from the 14th century CE has been discovered at the Siva ( or Vishnu ) temple at Nilagiri Sadarana Kote ( present day Dannayakana Kote ), near the junction of Moyar and Bhavani rivers, but the temple has since been submerged by the Bhavani Sagar dam. In 1814, as part of the Great Trigonometrical Survey, a sub-assistant named Keys and an apprentice named McMahon ascended the hills by the Danaynkeucottah ( Dannayakana Kote ) Pass, penetrated into the remotest parts, made plans, and sent in reports of their discoveries. As a result of these accounts, Messrs. Whish and Kindersley, two young Madras civilians, ventured up in pursuit of some criminals taking refuge in the mountains, and proceeded to observe the interior. They soon saw and felt enough favorable climate and terrain to excite their own curiosity, and that of others. Front of Stonehouse, 1905 After the early 1820s, the hills were developed rapidly under the British Raj, because most of the land was already privately owned by British citizens. It was a popular summer and weekend getaway for the British during the colonial days. In 1827, Ooty became the official sanatorium and the summer capital of the Madras Presidency. Many winding hill roads were built. In 1899, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was completed by influential and enterprising British citizens, with venture capital from the Madras government. In the 19th century, when the British Straits Settlement shipped Chinese convicts to be jailed in India, the Chinese men settled in the Nilgiri mountains near Naduvattam after their release and married Tamil Paraiyan women, having mixed Chinese - Tamil children with them. They were documented by Edgar Thurston. Peaks in the Nilgiris Topographic map of Nilgiri Hills showing some peaks View of Nilgiri hills from Doddabetta The highest point in the Nilgiris and the southern extent of the range is Doddabetta Peak ( 2,637 metres ( 8,652 ft ) ), 4 km east southeast of Udhagamandalam, 11 ° 24 ′ 10 '' N 76 ° 44 ′ 14 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.40278 ° N 76.73722 ° E ﻿ / 11.40278 ; 76.73722 ﻿ ( Doddabetta Peak ). Closely linked peaks in the west of Doddabetta range and nearby Udhagamandalam include : Kolaribetta : height : 2,630 metres ( 8,629 ft ), Hecuba : 2,375 metres ( 7,792 ft ), Kattadadu : 2,418 metres ( 7,933 ft ) and Kulkudi : 2,439 metres ( 8,002 ft ). Snowdon ( height : ( 2,530 metres ( 8,301 ft ) ) 11 ° 26 ′ N 76 ° 46 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.433 ° N 76.767 ° E ﻿ / 11.433 ; 76.767 ﻿ ( Snowdon ) is the northern extent of the range. Club Hill ( 2,448 metres ( 8,031 ft ) ) and Elk Hill ( 2,466 metres ( 8,091 ft ) ) 11 ° 23 ′ 55 '' N 76 ° 42 ′ 39 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.39861 ° N 76.71083 ° E ﻿ / 11.39861 ; 76.71083 ﻿ ( Elk Hill ) are significant elevations in this range. Snowdon, Club Hill and Elk Hill with Doddabetta, form the impressive Udhagamandalam Valley. Devashola ( height : 2,261 metres ( 7,418 ft ) ), notable for its blue gum trees, is in the south of Doddabetta range. Kulakombai ( 1,707 metres ( 5,600 ft ) ) is east of the Devashola. The Bhavani Valley and the Lambton 's peak range of Coimbatore district stretch from here. Hullikal Durg : ( height : 562 metres ( 1,844 ft ) ), 11 ° 19 ′ N 76 ° 53 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.317 ° N 76.883 ° E ﻿ / 11.317 ; 76.883 ﻿ ( Hullikal Durg ) In the Kannada language, Hulikal Durg means Tiger Rock Fort. The Sanskrit name of his place is Bakasura Parvata. It is 3 km. southeast of Coonoor. Tropical pine forest flourishes at the base of this hill, while the valleys support green foliage. Coonoor Betta ( 2,101 metres ( 6,893 ft ) ) is also called Teneriffe. It is on the northern side of the gorge, accommodating the Nilgiri Mountain Railway to Coonoor. Rallia Hill ( height : 2,248 metres ( 7,375 ft ) ) 11 ° 25 ′ N 76 ° 53 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.417 ° N 76.883 ° E ﻿ / 11.417 ; 76.883 ﻿ ( Rallia Hill ) is in the midst of a reserved forest and almost equidistant from Udhagamandalam and Kotagiri. Dimhatti Hill ( height : 1,788 metres ( 5,866 ft ) ) 11 ° 26 ′ N 76 ° 01 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.433 ° N 76.017 ° E ﻿ / 11.433 ; 76.017 ﻿ ( Dimhatti Hill ) is above the Gajalahatti pass, which provided a short cut from Mysore to the Carnatic plains and was of much strategic importance in the eighteenth century. This peak, dedicated to the deity Rangaswamy, is considered holy by the people of the surrounding villages. Avalanche hill of this range has the twin - peaks of Kudikkadu ( height : 2,590 metres ( 8,497 ft ) ) and Kolaribetta ( 2,630 metres ( 8,629 ft ) ). Derbetta ( or Bear Hill ) ( height : 2,531 metres ( 8,304 ft ) ) and Kolibetta ( height : 2,494 metres ( 8,182 ft ) ), south of the Ouchterlony valley, are a continuation of the Kundah range. Mukurthi Peak Mukurthi Peak 2,554 metres ( 8,379 ft ) ) 11 ° 23 ′ 29 '' N 76 ° 31 ′ 38 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.39139 ° N 76.52722 ° E ﻿ / 11.39139 ; 76.52722 ﻿ ( Mukurthi Peak ), Pichalbetta ( height : 2,544 metres ( 8,346 ft ) ) and Nilgiri Peak ( 2,474 metres ( 8,117 ft ) ) 11 ° 24 ′ 0 '' N 76 ° 30 ′ 4 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.40000 ° N 76.50111 ° E ﻿ / 11.40000 ; 76.50111 ﻿ ( Nilgiri Peak ) are the important heights of this area. These three hills of the Wayanad district are generally low in relation to other heights of the district but are distinguished in relation to the generally uniform level of this area. Muttunadu Betta ( height : 2,323 metres ( 7,621 ft ) ) 11 ° 27 ′ N 76 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.450 ° N 76.717 ° E ﻿ / 11.450 ; 76.717 ﻿ ( Muttunadu Betta ) is about 5 km, north northwest of Udhagamandalam. Tamrabetta ( Coppery Hill ) ( height : 2,120 metres ( 6,955 ft ) ) 11 ° 22 ′ N 76 ° 48 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 11.367 ° N 76.800 ° E ﻿ / 11.367 ; 76.800 ﻿ ( Tamrabetta ) is about 8 km southeast of Udhagamandalam. Vellangiri ( Silvery Hill ) ( 2,120 metres ( 6,955 ft ) ) is 16 km west - northwest of Udhagamandalam. Anginda Peak ( height : 2,238 metres ( 7,343 ft ) ) and Sispara ( height : 2,206 metres ( 7,238 ft ) ) are the two important peaks in the Nilgiri Hills situated in the Silent Valley National Park of Kerala. Chembra Peak ( 2,100 metres ( 6,890 ft ) ) connects Nilgiris with Wayanad hills ( Banasuara hill : 2,079 metres ( 6,821 ft ) ) and Vellarimala hills ( Vavulmala : 2,342 metres ( 7,684 ft ) ). Waterfalls Wattle plantations in Nilgiris The highest waterfall, Kolakambai Fall, north of Kolakambai hill, has an unbroken fall of 400 ft ( 120 m ). Nearby is the 150 ft ( 46 m ) Halashana falls. The second highest is Catherine Falls, near Kotagiri, with a 250 ft ( 76 m ) fall, named after the wife of M.D. Cockburn, believed to have introduced coffee plantations to the Nilgiri Hills. The Upper and Lower Pykara falls have falls of 180 ft ( 55 m ), and 200 ft ( 61 m ), respectively. The 170 ft ( 52 m ) Kalhatti Falls is off the Segur Peak. The Karteri Fall, near Aruvankadu had the first power station which supplied the original Cordite Factory with electricity. Law 's Fall, near Coonoor, is interesting due to its association with the engineer Major G.C. Law who supervised building of the Coonoor Ghat road. Flora and fauna Over 2,700 species of flowering plants, 160 species of fern and fern allies, countless types of flowerless plants, mosses, fungi, algae, and land lichens are found in the sholas of the Nilgiris. No other hill station has so many exotic species. The Nilgiri tahr can be found in the hills. Much of the Nilgiris ' natural montane grasslands and shrublands interspersed with sholas has been much disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations, easy motor - vehicle access, extensive commercial planting and harvesting of non-native eucalyptus and wattle ( Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii ) plantations, and cattle grazing. The area also features one large and several smaller hydro - electric impoundments. Scotch broom has become an ecologically damaging invasive species. Threatened plants of the Nilgiris include : Vulnerable species : Miliusa nilagirica, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Commelina wightii Rare species : Ceropegia decaisneana Ceropegia pusilla, Senecio kundaicus Endangered species : Youngia nilgiriensis, Impatiens neo-barnesii, Impatiens nilagirica, Euonymus angulatus and Euonymus serratifolius. Wild horse in pine forest Vestalis submontana, endemic to Nilgiri An adult Nilgiri langur in the Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary References Jump up ^ `` Application of GPS and GIS for the detailed Development planning ''. Map India 2000. 10 April 2000. Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 03. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 05. Jump up ^ The Missionary Herald of the Baptist Missionary Society. Baptist Mission House. 1886. p. 398. Jump up ^ Lengerke, Hans J. von ( 1977 ). The Nilgiris : Weather and Climate of a Mountain Area in South India. Steiner. p. 5. ISBN 9783515026406. Jump up ^ `` Decline of a Montane Ecosystem ''. Kartik Shanker Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. February 1997. Jump up ^ UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats ( sub cluster nomination ), retrieved 4 / 20 / 2007 World Heritage sites, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster Jump up ^ `` Collection search : You searched for Nilgiri ''. British Museum. Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 09. Jump up ^ Pai, Mohan ( 15 January 2009 )... and they created little England. The Western Ghats - Hill Stations. the - western - ghats - by - mohan - pai - hill - stations, Egmore, Chennai. pp. Ootacamund. access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Kannada script ( 10600 ) ''. Department of Archaeology - Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Government. Jump up ^ Francis, Walter ( 1908 ). Madras District Gazetteers : The Nilgiris. 1. New Delhi : Asian Educational Services. pp. 90 -- 94, 102 -- 105. ISBN 978 - 81 - 2060 - 546 - 6. Jump up ^ Burton, Richard Francis, ( 1851 ). `` Nilgiri Hills ( India ), Description and travel ; Nilgiri Hills ( India ), Social life and customs ''. Goa, and the Blue Mountains, or, Six months of sick leave. London : R. Bentley. Jump up ^ `` Ooty Queen of hill stations ''. www.ooty.com. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 05. Jump up ^ `` Nilgiri Mountain Railway ''. railtourismindia.com. Retrieved 8 March 2013. Jump up ^ Sarat Chandra Roy ( Rai Bahadur ), ed. ( 1959 ). Man in India, Volume 39. A.K. Bose. p. 309. Retrieved 2 March 2012. d : TAMIL - CHINESE CROSSES IN THE NILGIRIS, MADRAS. S.S. Sarkar * ( Received on 21 September 1959 ) During May 1959, while working on the blood groups of the Kotas of the Nilgiri Hills in the village of Kokal in Gudalur, inquiries were made regarding the present position of the Tamil - Chinese cross described by Thurston ( 1909 ). It may be recalled here that Thurston reported the above cross resulting from the union of some Chinese convicts, deported from the Straits Settlement, and local Tamil Paraiyan Jump up ^ Scheffel, Richard L. ; Wernet, Susan J., eds. ( 1980 ). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America : Reader 's Digest Association, Inc. p. 271. ISBN 0 - 89577 - 087 - 3. Jump up ^ District Administration, Nilgiris ( 8 / 20 / 2007 ) National Informatics Centre, Nilgiris, retrieved 8 / 31 / 2007 Hills and Peaks Jump up ^ EAGAN, J.S. C ( 1916 ). The Nilgiri Guide And Directory. VEPERY : S.P.C.K. PRESS. Jump up ^ The District Collector, Collector 's Office, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, General Information, RARE TREES, FRUITS, FLOWERS & ANIMALS retrieved 9 / 2 / 2007. Jump up ^ `` Nilgiri Tahr ''. WWF. Retrieved 8 March 2013. Jump up ^ Davidar, E.R.C. 1978. Distribution and status of the Nilgiri tahr ( Hemitragus hylocrius ) 1975 - 1978. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society ; 75 : 815 - 844. Jump up ^ Rice, CG Dr ( 1984 ) US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, USA, `` The behaviour and ecology of Nilgiri Tahr '', Tahr Foundation, retrieved 4 / 17 / 2007. Archived 28 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 103 ( 2 - 3 ), May - Dec 2006 356 - 365 HABITAT MODIFICATIONS BY SCOTCH BROOM CYTISUS SCOPARIUS INVASION OF GRASSLANDS OF THE UPPER NILGIRIS IN INDIA, ASHFAQ AHMED ZARRI1, 2, ASAD R. RAHMANI1, 4 AND MARK J. BEHAN3 Archived 19 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Nayar & Sastry ( 1987 - 88 ) Red Data Book, Plants of India Threatened Plants of Tamil Nadu External links Media related to Nilgiri mountains at Wikimedia Commons Western Ghats Rivers Bhadra Bhavani Bhima Chalakudy Chittar Godavari Gurupura Kabini Kali Kallayi Kaveri Koyna Krishna Kundali Malaprabha Manimuthar Netravati Pachaiyar Parambikulam Saraswati Savitri Sharavati Tambaraparani Tapti Tunga Venna Regions Desh, Maharashtra Goa Gap Konkan Malabar Malenadu North Malabar Kongu Nadu Palakkad Gap Tulu Nadu Peaks Agastya Mala Anamudi Anginda Anjaneri Banasura Biligirirangana Betta Brahmagiri Chembra Dhodap Doddabetta Gangamoola Harishchandragad Kalsubai Kemmangundi Kudremukh Kumarikkal Mala Kodachadri Kumara Parvata Meesapulimala Mullayanagiri Marunthuvazh Malai Nedumpara Peak Ponmudi Pushpagiri Paithalmala Raigad Salher Saptashrungi Sispara Sonsogor Tadiandamol Taramati Vavul Mala Vellarimala Ranipuram Vagamon Hills Ambanad Hills Anaimalai Hills Biligiriranga Hills Cardamom Hills Nilgiri mountains Satmala Range Selbari Range Palni Hills Trimbakeshwar Range Waterfalls Abbey Chunchanakatte Dudhsagar Falls Gokak Irupu Jog Kalhatti Mallalli Falls Sathodi Lushington Sivasamudram Athirapally Falls Vazhachal Falls Hogenakkal States Tamil Nadu Gujarat Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Goa Parks & Reserves Annekal Reserved Forest Anshi National Park Aralam Reserved Forest Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve Agasthyavanam Biological Park Bandipur National Park Bannerghatta National Park Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary Chandoli National Park Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Dandeli National Park Eravikulam National Park Grass Hills National Park Anamalai Tiger Reserve Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Karian Shola National Park Karnala Bird Sanctuary Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary Kudremukh National Park Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary Mudumalai National Park Mudumalai Tiger Reserve Mukurthi National Park Nagarhole Rajiv Gandhi National Park New Amarambalam Reserved Forest Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Palani Hills National Park Parambikulam Tiger Reserve Peechi - Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary Periyar National Park Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary SAI Sanctuary Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary Silent Valley National Park Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Places Bhivpuri Chiplun Chiplun Kalsubai Khandala Kudremukh Kodagu Karjat Kasara Lonavla Lavasa Mahabaleshwar Malshej Ghat Matheran Panchgani Raigad Fort Rajgad Fort Shivneri Fort Tamhini Ghat Ghats Amboli Ghat Bhor Ghat Tamhini Ghat Amba Ghat Bhor Road Ghat Chorla Ghat Goa Gap Kasara Road Ghat Kumbharli Ghat Malshej Ghat Naneghat Charmadi ghat Shiradi ghat Bisle ghat Sampaje ghat Palakkad Gap Varandha Ghat Related Mountains of Kerala Mountains of Maharashtra Tourism in The Nilgiris Gardens and parks Bandipur National Park Botanical Gardens Droog Fort Lady Canning 's Seat Mudumalai National Park Mukurthi National Park Rose Garden Sim 's Park Viewpoint Doddabetta Dolphin 's Nose Frog Hill View Point Ketti Valley view Kodanad View Point Lamb 's Rock Needle Rock View Point Rangaswamy Peak and Pillar Western Catchments Lake and waterfalls Avalanche Lake Catherine Falls Emerald Lake Kalhatti Falls Kamaraj Sagar Dam Katary Falls Law 's Falls Ooty Lake Pykara Lake and Waterfalls Upper Bhavani Lake Other tourist spots Adam 's fountain Gori shola Kotagiri plantations Lovedale Nilgiri Mountain Railway Nilgiri mountains Ooty Golf Course Ooty Racecourse Ooty Radio Telescope Stone House Toda huts Events Summer Festival Tourism in India Tourism in Tamil Nadu Coonoor Gudalur Kotagiri Ooty VIAF : 315126583 GND : 4042340 - 2 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_mountains&oldid=835205303 '' Categories : Mountains of the Western Ghats Mountain ranges of India Biodiversity hotspots Tourist attractions in Nilgiris district Landforms of Tamil Nadu Geography of Coimbatore Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from December 2014 Use Indian English from December 2014 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia भोजपुरी Català Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский संस्कृतम् Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Українська اردو 中文 19 more Edit links This page was last edited on 7 April 2018, at 06 : 43. 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Question: what is the name of the highest summit of nilgiri hills
Answer: Doddabetta