Fluid compartments - wikipedia Fluid compartments `` Third space '' redirects here. For the concept of informal shared public space in community planning, see Third place. The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body 's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated. The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The intracellular compartment is the space within the organism 's cells ; it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes. About two thirds of the total body water of humans is held in the cells, mostly in the cytosol, and the remainder is found in the extracellular compartment. The extracellular fluids may be divided into three types : interstitial fluid in the `` interstitial compartment '' ( surrounding tissue cells and bathing them in a solution of nutrients and other chemicals ), blood plasma and lymph in the `` intravascular compartment '' ( inside the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels ), and small amounts of transcellular fluid such as ocular and cerebrospinal fluids in the `` transcellular compartment ''. The interstitial and intravascular compartments readily exchange water and solutes but the third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, is thought of as separate from the other two and not in dynamic equilibrium with them. Contents 1 Intracellular compartment 2 Extracellular compartment 2.1 Interstitial compartment 2.2 Intravascular compartment 2.3 Transcellular compartment 3 Fluid shift 3.1 Third spacing 4 See also 5 References Intracellular compartment The intracellular fluid, also known as cytosol, is all fluid contained inside the cells. It is the matrix in which cellular organelles are suspended. The cytosol and organelles together compose the cytoplasm. The cell membranes are the outer barrier. In humans, the intracellular compartment contains on average about 8 litres of fluid, and under ordinary circumstances remains in osmotic equilibrium. It contains moderate quantities of magnesium and sulphate ions. Extracellular compartment The interstitial, intravascular and transcellular compartments comprise the extracellular compartment. Its extracellular fluid ( ECF ) contains about one - third of total body water. Interstitial compartment The interstitial compartment ( also called `` tissue space '' ) surrounds tissue cells. It is filled with interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid provides the immediate microenvironment that allows for movement of ions, proteins and nutrients across the cell barrier. This fluid is not static, but is continually being refreshed by the blood capillaries and recollected by lymphatic capillaries. In the average male ( 70 kg ) human body, the interstitial space has approximately 10.5 litres of fluid. Intravascular compartment The main intravascular fluid in mammals is blood, a complex mixture with elements of a suspension ( blood cells ), colloid ( globulins ), and solutes ( glucose and ions ). The blood represents both the intracellular compartment ( the fluid inside the blood cells ) and the extracellular compartment ( the blood plasma ). The other intravascular fluid is lymph. It too represents both the intracellular compartment ( the fluid inside its lymphocytes ) and the extracellular compartment ( the noncellular matrix of the lymph, which is roughly equivalent to serum ). The average volume of plasma in the average ( 70 kg ) male is approximately 3.5 liters. The volume of the intravascular compartment is regulated in part by hydrostatic pressure gradients, and by reabsorption by the kidneys. Transcellular compartment The third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, consists of those spaces in the body where fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts, or where any significant fluid collection is physiologically nonfunctional. Examples of transcellular spaces include the eye, the central nervous system, the peritoneal and pleural cavities, and the joint capsules. A small amount of fluid, called transcellular fluid, does exist normally in such spaces. For example, the aqueous humor, the vitreous humor, the cerebrospinal fluid, the serous fluid produced by the serous membranes, and the synovial fluid produced by the synovial membranes are all transcellular fluids. They are all very important, yet there is not much of each. For example, there is only about 150 mL of cerebrospinal fluid in the entire central nervous system at any moment. All of the aforementioned fluids are produced by active cellular processes working with blood plasma as the raw material, and they are all more or less similar to blood plasma except for certain modifications tailored to their function. For example, the cerebrospinal fluid is made by various cells of the CNS, mostly the ependymal cells, from blood plasma. Fluid shift Fluid shifts occur when the body 's fluids move between the fluid compartments. Physiologically, this occurs by a combination of hydrostatic pressure gradients and osmotic pressure gradients. Water will move from one space into the next passively across a semi permeable membrane until the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients balance each other. Many medical conditions can cause fluid shifts. When fluid moves out of the intravascular compartment ( the blood vessels ), blood pressure can drop to dangerously low levels, endangering critical organs such as the brain, heart and kidneys ; when it shifts out of the cells ( the intracellular compartment ), cellular processes slow down or cease from intracellular dehydration ; when excessive fluid accumulates in the interstitial space, oedema develops ; and fluid shifts into the brain cells can cause increased cranial pressure. Fluid shifts may be compensated by fluid replacement or diuretics. Third spacing `` Third spacing '' is the abnormal accumulation of fluid into an extracellular and extravascular space. In medicine, the term is often used with regard to loss of fluid into interstitial spaces, such as with burns or edema, but it can also refer to fluid shifts into a body cavity ( transcellular space ), such as ascites and pleural effusions. With regard to severe burns, fluids may pool on the burn site ( i.e. fluid lying outside of the interstitial tissue, exposed to evaporation ) and cause depletion of the fluids. With pancreatitis or ileus, fluids may `` leak out '' into the peritoneal cavity, also causing depletion of the intracellular, interstitial or vascular compartments. Patients who undergo long, difficult operations in large surgical fields can collect third - space fluids and become intravascularly depleted despite large volumes of intravenous fluid and blood replacement. The precise volume of fluid in a patient 's third spaces changes over time and is difficult to accurately quantify. Third spacing conditions may include peritonitis, pyometritis, and pleural effusions. Hydrocephalus and glaucoma are theoretically forms of third spacing, but the volumes are too small to induce significant shifts in blood volumes, or overall body volumes, and thus are generally not referred to as third spacing. See also Volume of distribution Compartment ( pharmacokinetics ) References Jump up ^ Rodney A. Rhoades ; David R. Bell ( 18 January 2012 ). Medical Phisiology : Principles for Clinical Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 5 -- 6. ISBN 978 - 1 - 60913 - 427 - 3. Jump up ^ Jacob M, Chappell D, Rehm M ( 2009 ). `` The ' third space ' -- fact or fiction ? ''. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 23 ( 2 ) : 145 -- 57. PMID 19653435. Jump up ^ Brown, Thomas A. ( 2011 ). Rapid Review Physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2. ISBN 0323072607. Jump up ^ Barbara Kuhn Timby ( 1 January 2008 ). Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 319 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7817 - 7909 - 8. Retrieved 9 June 2010. Jump up ^ Redden M, Wotton K ( June 2002 ). `` Third - space fluid shift in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery : Part 1 : Pathophysiological mechanisms ''. Contemp Nurse. 12 ( 3 ) : 275 -- 83. PMID 12219956. Jump up ^ Drain, Cecil B. ( 2003 ). Perianesthesia nursing : a critical care approach. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co. ISBN 0 - 7216 - 9257 - 5. ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY ''. Retrieved 2010 - 06 - 08. Physiology of the kidneys and acid - base physiology Renal function Secretion clearance Pharmacokinetics Clearance of medications Urine flow rate Reabsorption Solvent drag sodium chloride urea glucose oligopeptides protein Renal function Glomerular filtration rate Creatinine clearance Renal clearance ratio Urea reduction ratio Kt / V Standardized Kt / V Measures of dialysis Hemodialysis product PAH clearance ( Effective renal plasma flow Extraction ratio ) Filtration Renal blood flow Ultrafiltration Countercurrent exchange Filtration fraction Hormones Antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide Renin Erythropoietin Calcitriol Prostaglandins Acid - base balance Fluid balance Darrow Yannet diagram Body water : Intracellular fluid / Cytosol Extracellular fluid ( Interstitial fluid Plasma Transcellular fluid ) Base excess Davenport diagram Anion gap Arterial blood gas Winters ' formula Buffering Bicarbonate buffer system Respiratory compensation Renal compensation Other Fractional sodium excretion BUN - to - creatinine ratio Tubuloglomerular feedback Natriuresis Urine Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid_compartments&oldid=831819782 '' Categories : Physiology Cell biology Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bosanski Edit links This page was last edited on 22 March 2018, at 10 : 22. 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Question: where is​ two-thirds of the​ body's total fluid​ located
Answer: in the cells