Beacon frame - wikipedia Beacon frame 802.11 Beacon frame Beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11 based WLANs. It contains all the information about the network. Beacon frames are transmitted periodically to announce the presence of a wireless LAN. Beacon frames are transmitted by the access point ( AP ) in an infrastructure basic service set ( BSS ). In IBSS network beacon generation is distributed among the stations. Components Beacon frames consist of an Ethernet header, body and FCS. Some of the fields in the body are listed below. Timestamp After receiving the beacon frame all the stations change their local clocks to this time. This helps with synchronization. Beacon interval This is the time interval between beacon transmissions. The time at which a node ( AP, station when in ad hoc or P2P GO mode ) must send a beacon is known as Target Beacon Transmission Time ( TBTT ). Beacon interval expressed in Time Unit ( TU ). It is a configurable parameter in the AP and typically configured as 100 TU. Capability information Capability information field spans to 16 bits and contain information about capability of the device / network. Type of network such as AdHoc or Infrastructure network is signaled in this field. Apart from this information, it announces the support for polling, as well as the encryption details. SSID Supported rates Frequency - hopping ( FH ) Parameter Set Direct - Sequence ( DS ) Parameter Set Contention - Free ( CF ) Parameter Set IBSS Parameter Set Traffic indication map ( TIM ) Infrastructure network access points send beacons at a defined interval, which is often set to a default 100ms. In the case of an ad hoc network where there are no access points, a peer station is responsible for sending the beacon. After an ad hoc station receives a beacon frame from a peer, it waits a random amount of time. After that random timeout has elapsed, it will send a beacon frame unless another station has already sent one. In this way, the responsibility of sending beacon frames is rotated amongst all the peers in the ad hoc network, while ensuring that beacons will always be sent. Most access points allow the changing of the beacon interval. Increasing the beacon interval will cause the beacons to be sent less frequently. This reduces load on the network and increases throughput for clients on the network ; however, it has the undesirable effect of delaying association and roaming processes as stations scanning for access points could potentially miss a beacon while scanning other channels. Alternatively, decreasing the beacon interval causes beacons to be sent more frequently. This increases load on the network and decreases throughput for users, but it does result in a quicker association and roaming process. An additional downside of decreasing the beacon interval is that stations in power save mode will consume more power as they must more frequently awake to receive beacons. Inspecting an idle network with packet - monitoring tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark would show that most traffic on the network consists of beacon frames, with a few non-802 - 11 packets mixed in, such as DHCP packets. If users joined the network, responses to each beacon would begin to appear, along with regular traffic generated by the users. Beacon frames must be sent with the CSMA / CA algorithm. This means that if a station is currently sending a frame when the beacon needs to be sent, it must wait. This means that beacons may not be sent as frequently as the beacon interval would indicate. However, stations are able to compensate for this difference by inspecting the timestamp in the beacon frame when it is finally sent. Function While beacon frames do cause some non-trivial overhead for a network, they are vital for the proper operation of a network. Radio NICs generally scan all RF channels searching for beacons announcing the presence of a nearby access point. When a radio receives a beacon frame, it receives information about the capabilities and configuration of that network, and is also then able to provide a list of available eligible networks, sorted by signal strength. This allows the device to choose to connect to the optimal network. Even after associating with a network, the radio NIC will continue to scan for beacons. This has several benefits. Firstly, by continuing to scan for other networks, the station has options for alternative networks if the current access point 's signal becomes too weak to continue communication. Secondly, as it still receives beacon frames from the currently associated access point, the device is able to use the timestamps in those beacons to update its internal clock. Beacons from the currently associated access point also inform stations of imminent configuration changes, such as data rate changes. Finally, beacons enable devices to have power saving modes. Access points will hold on to packets destined for stations that are currently sleeping. In the traffic indication map of a beacon frame, the access point is able to inform stations that they have frames waiting for delivery. References Jump up ^ `` 802.11 Beacons Revealed - Article ''. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beacon_frame&oldid=764750885 '' Categories : IEEE 802.11 Talk About Wikipedia Català Čeština Español Edit links This page was last edited on 10 February 2017, at 18 : 45. About Wikipedia

Question: by default access points send beacon frames every how many ms
Answer: 100ms