Ilustrado - wikipedia Ilustrado For the Philippine TV series, see Ilustrado ( TV series ). For the followers of Ilustración, see Enlightenment in Spain. Ilustrados in Madrid ( c. 1890 ) The Ilustrados ( Spanish for `` erudite, '' `` learned, '' or `` enlightened ones '' ) constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. They were the middle class who were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals. The Ilustrado class was composed of native - born intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial lines -- Indios, Insulares, and mestizos, among others -- and sought reform through `` a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power '' under Spanish tutelage. Stanley Karnow, in his In Our Image : America 's Empire in the Philippines, referred to the Ilustrados as the `` rich Intelligentsia '' because many were the children of wealthy landowners. They were key figures in the development of Filipino nationalism. Contents 1 History 2 Notable personalities 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Specific 4.2 General History Three prominent Ilustrados in Spain : José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce ( from left to right ). Photo was taken in Spain in 1890. The most prominent Ilustrados were Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Antonio Luna and José Rizal, the Philippine national hero. Rizal 's novels Noli Me Tangere ( `` Touch Me Not '' ) and El filibusterismo ( `` The Subversive '' ) `` exposed to the world the injustices imposed on Filipinos under the Spanish colonial regime ''. In the beginning, Rizal and his fellow Ilustrados preferred not to win independence from Spain, instead they yearned legal equality for both Peninsulares and natives -- Indios, Insulares, and mestizos, among others -- in the economic reforms demanded by the Ilustrados were that `` the Philippines be represented in the Cortes and be considered as a province of Spain '' and `` the secularization of the parishes. '' However, in 1872, nationalist sentiment grew strongest, when three Filipino priests, José Burgos, Mariano Gómez and friar Jacinto Zamora, who had been charged with leading a military mutiny at an arsenal in Cavite, near Manila, were executed by the Spanish authorities. The event and `` other repressive acts outraitings and activities, Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896. His execution propelled the Ilustrados. This also prompted unity among the Ilustrados and Andrés Bonifacio 's radical Katipunan. Philippine policies by the United States reinforced the dominant position of the Ilustrados within Filipino society. Friar estates were sold to the Ilustrados and most government positions were offered to them. Notable personalities Marcelo H. del Pilar ( 1850 -- 1896 ) Félix Resurrección Hidalgo ( 1855 -- 1913 ) Graciano López Jaena ( 1856 -- 1896 ) Antonio Luna ( 1866 -- 1899 ) Juan Luna ( 1857 -- 1899 ) Mariano Ponce ( 1863 -- 1918 ) José Rizal ( 1861 -- 1896 ) Isabelo de los Reyes ( 1864 -- 1938 ) Dominador Gomez ( 1868 -- 1929 ) See also Assimilados Ladino people Évolués Affranchis Emancipados Filipino nationalism Spanish language in the Philippines Philippine literature in Spanish References Specific Jump up ^ The American Heritage Spanish Dictionary ( 2nd ed. ) Jump up ^ RAE - ASALE. `` Diccionario de la lengua española - Edición del Tricentenario ''. Diccionario de la lengua española. ^ Jump up to : Glossary : Philippines, Area Handbook Series, Country Studies, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, LOC.gov ( undated ), retrieved on : July 30, 2007 Jump up ^ Thomas, Megan Christine ( 2012 ). Orientalists, Propagandists, and Ilustrados : Filipino Scholarship and the End of Spanish Colonialism. U of Minnesota Press. p. 213. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8166 - 7190 - 8. Jump up ^ Cullinane, Michael ( 1989 ). Ilustrado Politics : Filipino Elite Responses to American Rule, 1898 - 1908. Ateneo University Press. ISBN 978 - 971 - 550 - 439 - 3. Jump up ^ Grimsley, Mark. The Philippine War : 1899 - 1902, Ohio-State.edu, 1993, 1996 Archived 2012 - 10 - 09 at the Wayback Machine., retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Jump up ^ Karnow, Stanley. In Our Image : America 's Empire in the Philippines, Ballantine Books, Random House, Inc., March 3, 1990, 536 pages, page 15. - ISBN 0 - 345 - 32816 - 7 Jump up ^ The Rise of the Philippine Middle Class ( Ilustrados ), Mega Essays LLC, MegaEssays.com, 2007, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 ^ Jump up to : Philippines : The Spanish Colony, Student Encyclopedia Article, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., Britannica.com, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 ^ Jump up to : History of the Philippines, Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines, Department of Foreign Affairs, PhilippineEmbassy-USA.org ( undated, archived from the original on 2007 - 07 - 13 ), retrieved on : August 1, 2007 ^ Jump up to : Salvador, Fr. Emerson, Liberalism in the Philippines, The Revolution of 1898 : The Main Facts, Newsletter of the District of Asia, Society of St. Pius X, District of Asia, January - March 2002, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 General Republic of the Philippines, Microsoft Corporation, Encarta.MSN.com, 2007 ( ( Archived 2009 - 10 - 31 ), retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Exiles, Motherland and Social Change, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal ( Bibliography ), Volume 8, Issue 1 - 2, SMC.org.ph, ( undated ), retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Owen, Norman G., Compadre Colonialism : Studies in the Philippines Under American Rule, A Review by Theodore Friend, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( Nov., 1972 ), pp. 224 - 226, JSTOR.org, 2007, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Majul, Cesar A. The Political and Constitutional Ideas of the Philippine Revolution, A Review by R.S. Milne, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( Spring, 1969 ), pp. 98 - 99, JSTOR.org, 2007, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Proclamation of Philippine Independence and the Birth of the Philippine Republic, The Philippine History Site, OpManong.SSC.Hawaii.edu ( undated ), retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Rossabi, Amy. The Colonial Roots of Civil Procedure in the Philippines, Volume 11, Number 1, Fall 1997, The Journal of Asian Law, Columbia.edu, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Filipino Nationalism, AngelFire.com ( undated ), retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Veneracion, Jaime B., Ph. D. ( Professor of History, University of the Philippines and Visiting Professor, BSU ), Rizal 's Madrid : The Roots of the Ilustrado Concept of Autonomy, Diyaryo Bulakenya, Bahay Saliksikan ng Bulakan ( Center for Bulacan Studies ), Geocities.com, April 4, 2003, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Philippine History, Philippine Children 's Foundation, PhilippineChildrensFoundation.org, 2005, retrieved on : August 1, 2007 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilustrado&oldid=796654372 '' Categories : History of the Philippines ( 1521 -- 1898 ) Philippine Revolution Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Cebuano Español Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands नेपाली Tagalog Edit links This page was last edited on 22 August 2017, at 08 : 43. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: what was the filipino native elite class of the 1800s called
Answer: Ilustrados