2014 Winter Olympics - Wikipedia 2014 Winter Olympics `` Sochi 2014 '' redirects here. For the Winter Paralympics, see 2014 Winter Paralympics. For the Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China, see 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. XXII Olympic Winter Games Host city Sochi, Russia Motto Hot. Cool. Yours. ( Russian : Жаркие. Зимние. Твои. ) Nations participating 88 Athletes participating 2,873 Events 98 in 7 sports ( 15 disciplines ) Opening ceremony 7 February Closing ceremony 23 February Officially opened by President Vladimir Putin Athlete 's Oath Ruslan Zakharov Judge 's Oath Vyacheslav Vedenin, Jr Coach 's Oath Anastasia Popkova Olympic Torch Vladislav Tretiak Irina Rodnina Stadium Fisht Olympic Stadium Winter < Vancouver 2010 PyeongChang 2018 > Summer < London 2012 Rio de Janeiro 2016 > Part of a series on 2014 Winter Olympics Bid process ( Sochi bid ) Venues Torch relay Mascots Broadcasters Opening ceremony ( flag bearers ) Chronological summary Medal table ( medalists ) World and Olympic records Controversies ( Russian doping scandal LGBT rights protests ) Closing ceremony ( flag bearers ) Paralympics IOC ROC SOOC Sochi from space The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры, tr. XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics in Russia since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach. A total of 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions -- a total of twelve accounting for gender -- were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women 's ski jumping, mixed - team figure skating, mixed - team luge, half - pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium, and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance, and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana. The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Olympics in history. While originally budgeted at US $12 billion, various factors caused the budget to expand to US $51 billion, which is more than three times the cost of the Olympics in London and surpassing the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In 2016, an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a state - sponsored doping program, active from at least late - 2011 through August 2015. The program was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the cover - up. In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, with an option for whitelisted athletes to compete independently during the 2018 Winter Olympics. Contents 1 Bidding process 2 Cost and financing 2.1 The breakdown of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics costs 3 Venues 3.1 Sochi Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) 3.2 Krasnaya Polyana ( Mountain Cluster ) 3.3 Post-Olympic usage 4 Marketing 4.1 Logo and branding 4.2 Mascots 4.3 Video game 4.4 Stamps and coins 5 Construction 5.1 Telecommunications 5.2 Power infrastructure 5.3 Transportation 5.4 Other infrastructure 6 The Games 6.1 Torch relay 6.2 Opening ceremony 6.3 Participating National Olympic Committees 6.3. 1 National houses 6.4 Sports 6.5 Closing ceremony 7 Medals 7.1 Medal table 7.2 Podium Sweeps 8 Calendar 9 Security 9.1 Measures 9.2 Incidents and threats 10 Media 10.1 Broadcasting rights 10.2 Filming 11 Concerns and controversies 11.1 Russian doping scandal 12 See also 13 Notes and references 14 External links Bidding process Main article : Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics Fans celebrating Sochi 's bid win Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria ; and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow. 2014 host city election -- ballot results City Country ( NOC ) Round 1 Round 2 Sochi Russia 34 51 Pyeongchang South Korea 36 47 Salzburg Austria 25 -- Cost and financing See also : Cost of the Olympic Games As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US $51 billion. This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects ( roads, railroads, power plants ). This total is over four times the initial budget of $12 billion ( compared to the $8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver ), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which hosted 3 times as many events. Dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi. In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy -- the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development -- reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles ( US $49.5 billion ). However, only about a fifth of that budget ( $10.8 billion ) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all - year round sea and alpine resort. The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroy 's $49.5 billion budget. Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs ( including for security ) could have added another $3 billion. The breakdown of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics costs Costs million RUB million US $ DIRECT OLYMPICS COSTS ( a ) + ( b ) + ( c ) 331,098 10,753 ( a ) Olympic venues 221,592 7,197 Coastal Cluster 96,366 3,130 Fisht Olympic Stadium 18,994 617 Bolshoy Ice Dome 10,102 328 Shayba Arena 3,484 113 Adler Arena Skating Centre 7,406 241 Iceberg Skating Palace 8,127 264 Ice Cube Curling Centre 735 24 Main Media Centre 17,426 566 The Olympic Park 9,871 321 Olympic Village ( 3000 places ) 12,217 397 A complex for Olympic partners ( 1285 apartments ) 8,003 260 Mountain Cluster 125,226 4,067 Rosa Khutor Extreme Park ( freestyle skiing, snowboarding ) 3,393 110 Rosa Khutor Alpine Skiing Centre 11,911 387 Sanki Sliding Centre ( bobsleigh, luge, skeleton ) 7,487 243 RusSki Gorki Jumping Centre ( ski jumps, Nordic combined ) 9,889 321 Laura Centre ( biathlon and cross-country ) and Olympic Village ( 1100 places ) 74,525 2,420 Main Alpine Olympic Village ( 2600 places ) at Rosa Khutor 18,021 585 ( b ) Site preparation and supporting infrastructure 85,370 2,773 Key infrastructure for Olympic venues ( roads, energy, water, waste, security ), planning and other works 81,413 2,644 SOCOG office building 3,957 129 ( c ) Operational costs ( part of ) 24,135 784 Opening / closing ceremonies ( equipment and organisation ) 3,444 112 Broadcasting and photo equipment 13,330 433 Vehicles for visitors and logistics 6,958 226 Live Sites city programme 403 13 INDIRECT COSTS ( d ) + ( e ) 1,193,348 38,758 ( d ) Skiing and Tourist Resorts 189,937 6,169 Gazprom Alpine Tourist Centre 60,723 1,972 Rosa Khutor 35,078 1,139 Gornaya Karusel / Gorky Gorod 72,728 2,362 Alpika Service 21,408 695 ( e ) Other projects 1,003,411 32,589 Hotels and health resorts 130,755 4,247 Formula One Racing 11,982 389 Olympic University 12,946 420 Combined rail - and motor - road linking the two clusters 317,224 10,303 Railways and rail terminals 38,015 1,235 Road infrastructure 189,532 6,156 Sochi Airport 22,895 744 Sochi Seaport 27,673 899 Housing projects 11,379 370 Power generation and grids 74,305 2,413 Gasification projects 46,048 1,496 Other engineering, water, waste, telecommunications and other infrastructure 104,912 3,407 Nature and culture parks 11,346 369 Two hospitals 4,399 143 TOTAL ( a ) + ( b ) + ( c ) + ( d ) + ( e ) 1,524,445 49,511 Venues Main article : Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics Sochi Location of Sochi on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. With an average February temperature of 8.3 ° C ( 42.8 ° F ) and a humid subtropical climate, Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games. Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking ; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke - free during the Games. It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting winter games. Sochi Olympic Park ( coastal cluster ) Main article : Sochi Olympic Park Panoramic view of the Sochi Olympic Park The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinsky Valley, about 4 km ( 2.5 miles ) from Russia 's border with Abkhazia / Georgia. The venues were clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. It also features `` The Waters of the Olympic Park '' ( designed by California - based company WET ), a choreographed fountain which served as the backdrop in the medals awards and the opening and closing ceremonies of the event. The new venues include : Fisht Olympic Stadium -- ceremonies ( opening / closing ) 40,000 spectators Bolshoy Ice Dome -- ice hockey ( final ), 12,000 spectators Shayba Arena -- ice hockey, 7,000 spectators Adler Arena Skating Center -- speed skating, 8,000 spectators Iceberg Skating Palace -- figure skating, short track speed skating, 12,000 spectators Ice Cube Curling Center -- curling, 3,000 spectators Main Olympic village International broadcasting centre and main press room A sketch of the layout of Sochi Olympic Park. Krasnaya Polyana ( Mountain Cluster ) Chairlift in Krasnaya Polyana Main article : Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex -- biathlon, cross-country skiing Rosa Khutor Extreme Park -- freestyle skiing and snowboarding Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort -- alpine skiing Sliding Center Sanki -- bobsleigh, luge and skeleton RusSki Gorki Jumping Center -- ski jumping and Nordic combined ( both ski jumping and cross-country skiing on a 2 km route around the arena ) Roza Khutor plateau Olympic Village 2014 Winter Olympics Mountain Cluster Venues ( interactive map ) Post-olympic usage Fisht Olympic Stadium under re-construction in 2015. A street circuit known as the Sochi Autodrom was constructed in and around Olympic Park. Its primary use is to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix, which held its inaugural edition in October 2014. In January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open - air football stadium to host matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A new ice hockey team in the Kontinental Hockey League, HC Sochi Leopards, now plays in Bolshoy Arena. Marketing A Soyuz rocket with Olympic livery. Its flight to the International Space Station, TMA - 11M, was part of Sochi 's torch relay. Logo and branding The emblem of the 2014 Winter Olympics was unveiled in December 2009. While more elaborate designs with influence from Khokhloma were considered, organizers chose to use a more minimalistic and `` futuristic '' design instead, consisting only of typefaces with no drawn elements at all. The emblem was designed so that the `` Sochi '' and `` 2014 '' lettering would mirror each other vertically, `` reflecting '' the contrasts of Russia 's landscape ( such as Sochi itself, a meeting point between the Black Sea and the Western Caucasus ). Critics, including Russian bloggers, panned the logo for being too simplistic and lacking any real symbolism ; Guo Chunning, designer of the 2008 Summer Olympics emblem Dancing Beijing, criticized it for its lack of detail, and believed it should have contained more elements that represented winter and Russia 's national identity, aside from its blue color scheme and its use of. ru, the top - level domain of Russia. The Games ' official slogan, Hot. Cool. Yours. ( Жаркие. Зимние. Твои. ), was unveiled on 25 September 2012, 500 days before the opening ceremony. Presenting the slogan, SOC president Dmitry Chernyshenko explained that it represented the `` passion '' and heated competition of the Games ' athletes, the contrasting climate of Sochi, and a sense of inclusion and belonging. Mascots Main article : 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots Postage stamps depicting the three Olympic mascots For the first time in Olympic history, a public vote was held to decide the mascots for the 2014 Winter Olympics ; the 10 finalists, along with the results, were unveiled during live specials on Channel One. On 26 February 2011, the official mascots were unveiled, consisting of a polar bear, a snow hare, and a snow leopard. The initial rounds consisted of online voting among submissions, while the final round involved text messaging. A satirical mascot known as Zoich ( its name being an interpretation of the stylized `` 2014 '' lettering from the Games ' emblem as a cyrillic word ), a fuzzy blue frog with hypnotic multi-coloured rings ( sharing the colors of the Olympic rings ) on his eyeballs and the Imperial Crown ( `` to remind about statehood and spirituality '' ), proved popular in initial rounds of online voting, and became a local internet meme among Russians, with some comparing it to Futurama 's `` Hypnotoad ''. Despite its popularity, Zoich did not qualify for the final round of voting, with its creator, political cartoonist Egor Zhgun, claiming that organizers were refusing to respect public opinion. However, it was later revealed that Zoich was deliberately planted by organizers to help virally promote the online mascot vote. Video game The official Olympic video game is the fourth game in the Mario & Sonic series, Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. It was released by Nintendo for the Wii U on 8 November 2013 in Europe, and 15 November 2013 in North America. Others were Sochi 2014 : Ski Slopestyle Challenge for Android operating system and Sochi 2014 : Olympic Games Resort for online social network Facebook. Stamps and coins In commemoration of the Games, Russian Post released a series of postage stamps depicting athletes, venues, and the mascots of the Games. The Bank of Russia also issued special coins and 100 - ruble notes for the Games. Construction Vladimir Putin with George W. Bush and Laura Bush examining the models of the Olympic facilities for Sochi, April 2008 100 Russian ruble banknote issued in 2013 by the Central Bank of Russia The Olympic infrastructure was constructed according to a Federal Target Program ( FTP ). In June 2009, the Games ' organizers reported they were one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games. In November 2011, IOC President Jacques Rogge was in Sochi and concluded that the city had made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier. Telecommunications See also : Telecommunications in Russia According to the FTP, US $580 million would be spent on construction and modernization of telecommunications in the region. Avaya was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provided the data network equipment, including switches, routers, security, telephones and contact - center systems. It provided engineers and technicians to design and test the systems, and worked with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games. The 2014 Olympics is the first `` fabric - enabled '' Games using Shortest Path Bridging ( SPB ) technology. The network is capable of handling up to 54,000 Gbit / s ( 54 Tbit / s ) of traffic. Infrastructure built for the games included : A network of TETRA mobile radio communications for 100 user groups ( with capacity of 10,000 subscribers ) ; 712 km ( 442 mi ) of fiber - optic cables along the Anapa - Dzhubga - Sochi highways and Dzhubga -- Krasnodar branch ; Digital broadcasting infrastructure, including radio and television broadcasting stations ( building and communications towers ) with coverage from Grushevaya Polyana ( Pear Glade ) to Sochi and Anapa cities. The project also included construction of infocommunications centre for broadcasting abroad via three HDTV satellites. During the Games, the core networks of Rostelecom and Transtelekom were used. In January 2012, the newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of Adler. Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region. The fiber - optic channel links Sochi between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana. The 46 - kilometre - long ( 29 mi ) channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics. In November 2013, it was reported that the fiber - optic cable that was built by the Federal Communications Agency, Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center for Monitoring & Development of Infocommunication Technologies ( Russian : Центр МИР ИТ ). Russian mobile phone operator Megafon expanded and improved Sochi 's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G / 3G / 4G cell towers. Sochi was the first Games to offer 4G connectivity at a speed of 10 MB / sec. In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media center in Sochi to the Internet and organized channels of communication with the main media center of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press center in Moscow. The media center was built at total cost of 17 million rubles. Power infrastructure Night view of Sochi during the Olympics, taken by Expedition 38 members from the International Space Station A five - year strategy for increasing the power supply of the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry of Regional Development, the Russian Ministry of Energy, the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration. According to the strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network would increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing a stable power supply during and after the Games. The power demand of Sochi in the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340 MW. Poselkovaya electrical substation became operational in early 2009. Sochi thermal power station reconstructed ( expected power output was 160 MW ) Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations were completed in November 2010 Mzymta electrical substation was completed in March 2011 Krasnopolyanskaya hydroelectric power station was completed in 2010 Adler CHP station design and construction was completed in 2012. Expected power output was 360 MW Bytkha substation, under construction with two transformers 25 MW each, includes dependable microprocessor - based protection Earlier plans also include building combined cycle ( steam and gas ) power stations near the cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable - wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea. Transportation See also : Transport in Russia The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks -- 367 km ( 228 miles ) of roads were paved. The Sochi Light Metro is located between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana connecting the Olympic Park, Sochi International Airport, and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana. Aerial view of Sochi The existing 102 km ( 63 - mile ), Tuapse - to - Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009, Russian Railways ordered 38 Siemens Mobility Desiro trains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with an option for a further 16 partly built in Russia. Russian Railways established a high - speed Moscow - Adler link and a new railroad ( more than 60 kilometres or 37 miles long ) passing by the territory of Ukraine. Sochi International Airport At Sochi International Airport, a new terminal was built along a 3.5 km ( 2.2 - mile ) runway extension, overlapping the Mzymta River. Backup airports were built in Gelendzhik, Mineralnye Vody and Krasnodar by 2009. Sochi seaport At the Port of Sochi, a new offshore terminal 1.5 km ( 0.93 mi ) from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers. The cargo terminal of the seaport would be moved from the centre of Sochi. Roadways were detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off. A `` Lastochka '' ( Siemens Desiro ) train, which serves the Tuapse -- Sochi route In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No. 1 ( the final total is six ) on the combined road ( automobile and railway ) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No. 1 is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes : Escape tunnel, 2.25 kilometres ( 1.40 mi ), completed in 2010 Road tunnel, 2,153 metres ( 7,064 ft ), completed in 2013 One - track railway tunnel, 2,473 metres ( 8,114 ft ), completed in 2013 Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin stated the road construction costed more than 200 billion rubles. In addition, Sochi 's railway stations were renovated. These are Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Lazarevskaya, and Loo railway stations. In Adler, a new railway station was built while the original building was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the Olympic Park railway station. Another new railway station was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana. Other infrastructure Sochi at night from space Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests. The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny ( Stellar ), was rebuilt anew. Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including tertiary treatment with microfiltration. Six post offices were opened at competition venues, two of them in the main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of Estosadok. In addition to standard services, customers had access to unique services including two new products, Fotomarka and Retropismo. Fotomarka presents an opportunity to get a stylized sheet of eight souvenir stamps with one 's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service allows a customer to write with their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All the new sites and post offices in Sochi were opened during the Olympics until late night 7 days a week, and employees were trained to speak English. The Games Torch relay Main article : 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay Play media Torch relay in Moscow On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in Ancient Olympia, beginning a seven - day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the torch relay started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on the day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014. It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a 60,000 - kilometre ( 40,000 miles ) route that passes through all regions of the country, from Kaliningrad in the west to Chukotka in the east. The Olympic torch reached the North Pole for first time via a nuclear - powered icebreaker ( 50 Let Pobedy ). The torch was also passed for the first time in space, though not lit for the duration of the flight for safety reasons, on flight Soyuz TMA - 11M to the International Space Station ( ISS ). The spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic - themed livery including the Games ' emblem. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazansky waved the torch on a spacewalk outside ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board Soyuz TMA - 09M. The torch also reached Europe 's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, and Siberia 's Lake Baikal. Opening ceremony Main articles : 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony and 2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations Fireworks over Fisht Olympic Stadium following the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron. The Olympic Rings at Sochi Olympic Park The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 7 February 2014 at Fisht Olympic Stadium, an indoor arena built specifically for the ceremonies. The ceremony featured scenes based around aspects of Russian history and arts, including ballet, classical music, the Russian Revolution, and the age of the Soviet Union. The opening scene of the ceremony featured a notable technical error, where one of five snowflakes, which were to expand to form the Olympic rings, malfunctioned and did not expand ( a mishap mocked by the organizers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolizing the Olympic rings `` failed '' to expand ). The torch was taken into the stadium by Maria Sharapova, who then passed it to Yelena Isinbayeva who, in turn, passed it to wrestler Aleksandr Karelin. Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast Alina Kabaeva. Figure skater Irina Rodnina took the torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak, who exited the stadium to jointly light the Olympic cauldron located near the centre of Olympic Park. Participating national Olympic Committees A record 88 nations qualified to compete, which beat the previous record of 82 set at the previous Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below ( number of athletes shown in parentheses ). Seven nations made their Winter Olympics debut : Dominica, Malta, Paraguay, Timor - Leste, Togo, Tonga, and Zimbabwe. Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for Puerto Rico, but the island 's Olympic Committee once again chose not to send her to compete. Similarly, South Africa decided not to send alpine skier Sive Speelman to Sochi. Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, Mehdi - Selim Khelifi. India 's athletes originally competed as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under the Olympic flag during the opening ceremony, as India was originally suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the Indian Olympic Association. On 11 February, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India 's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward. Although Shiva Keshavan competed as an Independent athlete and is recorded as such, he was permitted to walk under the flag of India at the Closing Ceremony. The participating countries at the Winter Olympics 2014 Debuting countries at the Winter Olympics Participating National Olympic Committees ( number of qualifying athletes ) Albania ( 2 ) Andorra ( 6 ) Argentina ( 7 ) Armenia ( 4 ) Australia ( 61 ) Austria ( 130 ) Azerbaijan ( 4 ) Belarus ( 26 ) Belgium ( 7 ) Bermuda ( 1 ) Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 5 ) Brazil ( 13 ) British Virgin Islands ( 1 ) Bulgaria ( 18 ) Canada ( 222 ) Cayman Islands ( 1 ) Chile ( 6 ) China ( 66 ) Chinese Taipei ( 3 ) Croatia ( 11 ) Cyprus ( 2 ) Czech Republic ( 85 ) Denmark ( 12 ) Dominica ( 2 ) East Timor ( 1 ) Estonia ( 24 ) Finland ( 103 ) France ( 105 ) Georgia ( 4 ) Germany ( 153 ) Great Britain ( 56 ) Greece ( 7 ) Hong Kong ( 1 ) Hungary ( 16 ) Iceland ( 5 ) India ( 3 ) Iran ( 5 ) Ireland ( 5 ) Israel ( 5 ) Italy ( 113 ) Jamaica ( 2 ) Japan ( 113 ) Kazakhstan ( 52 ) Kyrgyzstan ( 1 ) Latvia ( 58 ) Lebanon ( 2 ) Liechtenstein ( 4 ) Lithuania ( 9 ) Luxembourg ( 1 ) Macedonia ( 3 ) Malta ( 1 ) Mexico ( 1 ) Moldova ( 4 ) Monaco ( 5 ) Mongolia ( 2 ) Montenegro ( 2 ) Morocco ( 2 ) Nepal ( 1 ) Netherlands ( 41 ) New Zealand ( 15 ) Norway ( 134 ) Pakistan ( 1 ) Paraguay ( 1 ) Peru ( 3 ) Philippines ( 1 ) Poland ( 59 ) Portugal ( 2 ) Romania ( 24 ) Russia ( 232 ) ( host nation ) San Marino ( 2 ) Serbia ( 8 ) Slovakia ( 62 ) Slovenia ( 66 ) South Korea ( 71 ) Spain ( 20 ) Sweden ( 106 ) Switzerland ( 168 ) Tajikistan ( 1 ) Thailand ( 2 ) Togo ( 2 ) Tonga ( 1 ) Turkey ( 6 ) Ukraine ( 43 ) United States ( 230 ) Uzbekistan ( 3 ) Venezuela ( 1 ) Virgin Islands ( 1 ) Zimbabwe ( 1 ) NOCs that participated in 2010, but not in 2014. NOCs that participated in 2014, but not in 2010. Algeria Colombia Ethiopia Ghana North Korea Senegal South Africa British Virgin Islands Dominica East Timor Luxembourg Malta Paraguay Philippines Thailand Togo Tonga Venezuela Virgin Islands Zimbabwe National Houses During the Games some countries had a national house, a meeting place for supporters, athletes and other followers. Houses can be either free for visitors to access or they can have limited access by invitation only. Nation Location Name Website Austria Mountain Cluster Austria Tirol House Canada Coastal Cluster ( Next to Fisht Olympic Stadium ) Canada House China Zhemchuzhina hotel China House Czech Republic Adler Czech House France Gornaya Karusel ( Mountain Cluster ) Club France Official website Germany Estosadok, Krasnaya Polyana ( Mountain Cluster ) German House Official website Italy Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) Italy House Official website Japan Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) Japan House Latvia Radisson Hotel Latvian House Netherlands Azimut Hotel Resort ( near Coastal Cluster ) Holland Heineken House Official website Russia Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) NOC Hospitality Houses of Russia Slovakia Sochi railway station Slovak Point South Korea Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) Korea House Switzerland Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) House of Switzerland Official website United States Olympic Park ( Coastal Cluster ) USA House Official website Sports 98 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports were included in the 2014 Winter Olympics. The three skating sports disciplines are figure skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. There were six skiing sport disciplines -- alpine, cross-country skiing, freestyle, Nordic combined, ski jumping and snowboarding. The two bobsleigh sports disciplines are bobsleigh and skeleton. The other four sports are biathlon, curling, ice hockey, and luge. A total of twelve new events are contested to make it the largest Winter Olympics to date. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sports discipline. Alpine skiing ( 10 ) ( details ) Biathlon ( 11 ) ( details ) Bobsleigh ( 3 ) ( details ) Cross-country skiing ( 12 ) ( details ) Curling ( 2 ) ( details ) Figure skating ( 5 ) ( details ) Freestyle skiing ( 10 ) ( details ) Ice hockey ( 2 ) ( details ) Luge ( 4 ) ( details ) Nordic combined ( 3 ) ( details ) Short track speed skating ( 8 ) ( details ) Skeleton ( 2 ) ( details ) Ski jumping ( 4 ) ( details ) Snowboarding ( 10 ) ( details ) Speed skating ( 12 ) ( details ) Postage stamps of Pridnestrovie, Sochi Olympic Games ( 2014 ) On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games. The events include : Figure skating team event Women 's ski jumping Mixed relay biathlon Ski half - pipe Team relay luge On 4 July 2011 the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program. These events were officially declared by Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge on 5 July 2011. Ski slopestyle Snowboard slopestyle Snowboard parallel special slalom Team alpine skiing was presented as a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic program but the Executive board of the IOC rejected this proposal. The International Ski Federation persisted with the nomination and this was considered. There were reports of bandy possibly being added to the sports program, but the IOC rejected this request. Subsequently, the international governing body, Federation of International Bandy, decided that Irkutsk and Shelekhov in Russia would host the 2014 Bandy World Championship just before the Olympics. On 28 November 2006, the Executive Board of the IOC decided not to include the following sports in the review process of the program. Ski mountaineering Ski - orienteering Winter triathlon Closing ceremony Main article : 2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony was held on 23 February 2014 between 20 : 14 MSK ( UTC + 4 ) and 22 : 25 MSK ( UTC + 4 ) at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi. The ceremony was dedicated to Russian culture featuring world - renowned Russian stars like conductor and violinist Yuri Bashmet, conductor Valery Gergiev, pianist Denis Matsuev, singer Hibla Gerzmava and violinist Tatiana Samouil. These artists were joined by performers from the Bolshoi and Mariinsky theaters. Medals Main article : List of 2014 Winter Olympics medal winners Sochi 's medal design was unveiled in May 2013. The design is intended to resemble Sochi 's landscape, with a semi-translucent section containing a `` patchwork quilt '' of diamonds representing mountains ; the diamonds themselves contain designs that reflect Russia 's regions. Those who won gold medals on 15 February received special medals with fragments of the Chelyabinsk meteor, marking the one - year anniversary of the event where pieces of the cosmic body fell into the Chebarkul Lake in the Ural Mountains in central Russia. Medal table Main article : 2014 Winter Olympics medal table The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Russia, is highlighted. To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title. Host nation ( Russia ) Rank NOC Gold Silver Bronze Total Russia ( RUS ) 11 9 9 29 Norway ( NOR ) 11 5 10 26 Canada ( CAN ) 10 10 5 25 United States ( USA ) 9 7 12 28 5 Netherlands ( NED ) 8 7 9 24 6 Germany ( GER ) 8 6 5 19 7 Switzerland ( SUI ) 6 11 8 Belarus ( BLR ) 5 0 6 9 Austria ( AUT ) 8 5 17 10 France ( FRA ) 7 15 11 -- 26 Remaining NOCs 21 36 34 91 Total ( 26 NOCs ) 97 95 99 291 Podium sweeps Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze 8 February Speed skating Men 's 5000 metres Netherlands Sven Kramer Jan Blokhuijsen Jorrit Bergsma 10 February Speed skating Men 's 500 metres Netherlands Michel Mulder Jan Smeekens Ronald Mulder 13 February Freestyle skiing Men 's slopestyle United States Joss Christensen Gus Kenworthy Nick Goepper 16 February Speed skating Women 's 1500 metres Netherlands Jorien ter Mors Ireen Wüst Lotte van Beek 18 February Speed skating Men 's 10000 metres Netherlands Jorrit Bergsma Sven Kramer Bob de Jong 20 February Freestyle skiing Men 's ski cross France Jean - Frédéric Chapuis Arnaud Bovolenta Jonathan Midol 22 February Cross-country skiing Women 's 30 kilometre freestyle Norway Marit Bjørgen Therese Johaug Kristin Størmer Steira 23 February Cross-country skiing Men 's 50 kilometre freestyle Russia Alexander Legkov Maxim Vylegzhanin Ilia Chernousov Legkov and Vylegzhanin were initially disqualified by the IOC for doping offences in November 2017, and their 2014 Olympic medals were stripped ( gold and silver respectively ). However, their results were restored on 1 February 2018 following a successful appeal. Calendar Main article : Chronological summary of the 2014 Winter Olympics In the following calendar each blue box represents one or more event competition ( s ), such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent medal - awarding finals for a sport with in each box the number of finals that were contested on that day. All dates are MSK ( UTC + 4 ) OC Opening ceremony Event competitions Event finals EG Exhibition gala CC Closing ceremony February 6th Thu 7th Fri 8th Sat 9th Sun 10th Mon 11th Tue 12th Wed 13th Thu 14th Fri 15th Sat 16th Sun 17th Mon 18th Tue 19th Wed 20th Thu 21st Fri 22nd Sat 23rd Sun Events Ceremonies OC CC Alpine skiing 10 Biathlon 11 Bobsleigh Cross-country skiing 12 Curling Figure skating EG 5 Freestyle skiing 10 Ice hockey Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating 8 Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding 10 Speed skating 12 Daily medal events 5 8 5 8 6 6 6 7 5 7 8 6 7 7 98 Cumulative total 5 13 18 26 32 38 44 51 55 60 67 75 81 88 95 98 February 6th Thu 7th Fri 8th Sat 9th Sun 10th Mon 11th Tue 12th Wed 13th Thu 14th Fri 15th Sat 16th Sun 17th Mon 18th Tue 19th Wed 20th Thu 21st Fri 22nd Sat 23rd Sun Total events Security Measures Security during both the Olympics and Paralympics were handled by over 40,000 law enforcement officials, including police and the Russian Armed Forces. A Presidential Decree signed by President Vladimir Putin took effect on 7 January, requiring that any protests and demonstrations in Sochi and the surrounding area through 21 March ( the end of the Paralympics ) be approved by the Federal Security Service. For the duration of the decree, travel restrictions were also in effect in and around Sochi : `` controlled '' zones, dubbed the `` ring of steel '' by the media, covered the Coastal and Mountain clusters which encompass all of the Games ' venues and infrastructure, including transport hubs such as railway stations. To enter controlled areas, visitors were required to pass through security checkpoints with x-ray machines, metal detectors and explosive material scanners. Several areas were designated as `` forbidden '', including Sochi National Park and the border with Abkhazia. An unmanned aerial vehicle squadron, along with S - 400 and Pantsir - S1 air defense rockets were used to protect Olympic airspace. Four gunboats were also deployed on the Black Sea to protect the coastline. A number of security organizations and forces began stationing in and around Sochi in January 2014 ; Russia 's Ministry of Emergency Situations ( EMERCOM ) was stationed in Sochi for the Games beginning on 7 January 2014. A group of 10,000 Internal Troops of the Ministry of Interior also provided security services during the Games. In mid-January, 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were stationed in a military town near Krasnaya Polyana. A group of 400 cossacks in traditional uniforms were also present to accompany police patrols. The 58th Army unit of the Russian Armed Forces, were defending the Georgia - Russia border. The United States also supplied Navy ships and other assets for security purposes. All communication and Internet traffic by Sochi residents was captured and filtered through deep packet inspection systems at all mobile networks using the SORM system. Former professional speed skater and current deputy of the Russian State Duma Svetlana Zhurova has stated that the 2014 Sochi Olympics were Vladimir Putin 's personal project to showcase Russia to the world. Incidents and threats Organizers received several threats prior to the Games. In a July 2013 video release, Chechen Islamist commander Dokka Umarov called for attacks on the Games, stating that the Games were being staged `` on the bones of many, many Muslims killed... and buried on our lands extending to the Red Sea. '' Threats were received from the group Vilayat Dagestan, which had claimed responsibility for the Volgograd bombings under the demands of Umarov, and a number of National Olympic Committees had also received threats via e-mail, threatening that terrorists would kidnap or `` blow up '' athletes during the Games. However, while the IOC did state that the letters `` ( contained ) no threat and appears to be a random message from a member of the public '', the U.S. ski and snowboarding teams hired a private security agency to provide additional protection during the Games. Media Broadcasting rights Main article : List of 2014 Winter Olympics broadcasters In most regions, broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics were packaged together with broadcast rights for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but some broadcasters obtained rights to further games as well. Domestic broadcast rights were sold by Sportfive to a consortium of three Russian broadcasters ; Channel One, VGTRK, and NTV Plus. In the United States, the 2014 Winter Olympics were the first in a new, US $4.38 billion contract with NBCUniversal, extending its broadcast rights to the Olympic Games through 2020. In Canada, after losing the 2010 and 2012 Games to Bell Media and Rogers Media, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation re-gained broadcast rights to the Olympics for the first time since 2008, gaining rights to the 2014 and 2016 Games. Bell and Rogers sub-licensed pay - TV rights for their TSN, Sportsnet and Réseau des sports networks, as well as TVA Group 's TVA Sports. In Australia, after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Games due to cost concerns, the IOC awarded broadcast rights to just the 2014 Winter Olympics to Network Ten for A $20 million. Filming Several broadcasters used the Games to trial the emerging ultra high definition television ( UHDTV ) standard. Both NTV Plus and Comcast filmed portions of the Games in 4K resolution ; Comcast offered its content through smart TV apps, while NTV+ held public and cinema viewings of the content. NHK filmed portions of the Games in 8K resolution for public viewing. Olympic sponsor Panasonic filmed the opening ceremony in 4K. Concerns and controversies Main article : Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics A variety of concerns over the Games, or Russia 's hosting of the Games, had been expressed by various entities. Concerns were shown over Russia 's policies surrounding the LGBT community, including the government 's denial of a proposed Pride House for the Games on moral grounds, and a federal law passed in June 2013 which criminalized the distribution of `` propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships '' among minors. Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history ; with Russian politician Boris Nemtsov citing allegations of corruption among government officials, and Allison Stewart of the Saïd Business School at Oxford citing tight relationships between the government and construction firms. Turkish Circassians commemorate the banishment of the Circassians from Russia in Taksim, İstanbul Some Circassian organizations objected to the Games being held on land their ancestors held until 1864, when most of them were vanquished at the end of the Russian - Circassian War ( 1763 -- 1864 ), in what they consider to be ethnic cleansing or genocide. The use of Krasnaya Polyana ( `` Red Hill '' or `` Red Glade '' ) as an event site was considered sensitive, as it was named for a group of Circassians who were defeated in a bloody battle with Russians while attempting to return home over it in 1864. Some Circassian groups demanded that the Games be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologized for their actions. Other groups did not outright object to the Games, but suggested that symbols of Circassian history and culture be incorporated into the Games, as Australia, the United States and Canada did for their indigenous cultures in 2000, 2002, and 2010 respectively. U.S. broadcaster NBC largely avoided broadcasting material critical of Russia, although several segments deemed `` overly friendly to Russia '' were harshly criticized by some conservatives. However, following the closing ceremony, commentators evaluated the Games to have been successful overall. Russian doping scandal This section may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings. ( December 2017 ) Main articles : Doping in Russia, McLaren Report, and Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics In December 2014, German public broadcaster ARD aired a documentary which made wide - ranging allegations that Russia organized a state - run doping program which supplied their athletes with performance - enhancing drugs. In November 2015, Russia 's track and field team was indefinitely suspended by the IAAF. In May 2016, The New York Times published allegations by the former director of Russia 's anti-doping laboratory, Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, that a conspiracy of corrupt anti-doping officials, FSB intelligence agents, and compliant Russian athletes used banned substances to gain an unfair advantage during the Games. Rodchenkov stated that the FSB tampered with over 100 urine samples as part of a cover - up, and that at least fifteen of the Russian medals won at Sochi were the result of doping. According to the second part of the McLaren Report released in December 2016, the lab director Grigory Rodchenkov tampered with urine samples at the Olympics and provided cocktails of performance - enhancing drugs and members of the FSB broke into sample bottles holding urine. In addition, a deputy sports minister for years ordered cover - ups of top athletes ' use of banned substances. Russian government continued to deny any involvement of the state and Vladimir Putin particularly blamed the U.S. for ' orchestrating ' a doping scandal. The IOC announced that it would investigate 28 Russian athletes. La Gazzetta dello Sport reported the names of 17 athletes, of whom 15 are among the 28 under investigation ( the number rose to 46 in December 2017 ). Three ladies artistic skaters were named as being under investigation. They are Adelina Sotnikova, the singles gold medalist, as well as pairs skaters Tatiana Volosozhar and Ksenia Stolbova. Volosozhar and Stolbova won gold and silver medals, respectively, in pairs skating. Both also won gold medals in the team event, which also puts the other eight team medalists at risk of losing their golds. In November 2017 the proceeding against Sotnikova was dropped. Six cross-country skiers were provisionally suspended from competition on the basis of the McLaren Report : Evgeniy Belov, Alexander Legkov, Alexey Petukhov, Maxim Vylegzhanin, Yulia Ivanova and Evgenia Shapovalova. Legkov won a gold and silver medals, and Vylegzhanin won three silver medals. The IOC disqualified all six from Sochi, imposed lifetime bans and, in the process, stripped Legkov 's and Vylegzhanin 's of the medals they had won in four events ( three individual medals and one team medal ). On 1 February 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld five out of six appeals ( except for Ivanova whose appeal was overturned ), and their Sochi results and medals were restored, and the bans nullified. Nikita Kryukov, Alexander Bessmertnykh and Natalya Matveyeva were disqualified on 22 December 2017. These decisions were also overturned by the CAS on 1 February 2018. The IOC intends to appeal these decisions. Following the CAS decision, International Ski Federation has also lifted the provisional suspensions for all these skiers ( except for Ivanova ). The International Biathlon Union provisionally suspended two biathletes who were in the Sochi games : Olga Vilukhina and Yana Romanova, according to La Gazzetta dello Sport. Vilukhina won silver in sprint, and both women were on a relay team that won the silver medal. They both retired after the 2014 / 2015 season. They were disqualified and stripped of their medals on 27 November 2017. The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation suspended four Russian skeleton sliders. They were Alexander Tretyakov, Elena Nikitina, Maria Orlova and Olga Potylitsina. Tretyakov won a gold medal, and Nikitina won a bronze. On 22 November 2017, the IOC stripped these medals and imposed lifetime Olympic bans on all four. All the four bans were nullified and the Sochi medals returned to Tretyakov and Nikitina on 1 Feb 2018, when Court of Arbitration for Sport overturned the IOC decision. Seven Russian female ice hockey players were to have hearings before the Oswald Commission on 22 November 2017. The identities of the seven players have not been revealed. Two of the seven are accused of submitting samples showing readings that were physically impossible to be held by a woman. The Russian women 's ice hockey team finished sixth at Sochi 2014. On 12 December 2017, six players were disqualified. Tatiana Burina and Anna Shukina were also disqualified ten days later. Disqualifications for Burina, Shukina and three other players were nullified by the Court of Arbitration for Sport on 1 Feb 2018. On 24 November 2017, the IOC imposed life bans on bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov and speed skater Olga Fatkulina who won a combined 3 medals ( 2 gold, 1 silver ). All their results were disqualified. Three athletes who did n't win medals were sanctioned on 29 November 2017. Olga Zaitseva who won silver in biathlon was banned on 1 December 2017. Two other athletes were also disqualified on that day. On 18 December 2017, the IOC imposed a life ban on bobsledder Alexey Voyevoda who had already been stripped of two gold medals. Speed skaters Ivan Skobrev and Artyom Kuznetsov, lugers Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova, bobsledders Liudmila Udobkina and Maxim Belugin were disqualified on 22 December 2017, bringing the total to 43. Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova were also stripped of their silver medals. On Feb 1, 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport nullified disqualifications for Olga Fatkulina, Ivan Skobrev, Artyom Kuznetsov, Albert Demchenko, Tatiana Ivanova, Liudmila Udobkina and 22 others and returned them their Sochi medals. On 5 December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, thus banning it from sending athletes under the Russian flag to the 2018 Winter Olympics. Russian athletes with a clean record and a history of consistent drug testing will be allowed to participate independently under the Olympic flag as Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ). ) As of January 2018, the IOC had sanctioned 43 Russian athletes from the 2014 Winter Olympics and banned them from competing in the 2018 edition and all other future Olympic Games as part of the Oswald Commission. All but one of these athletes appealed against their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. On February 1, 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport found that the evidence provided by IOC against 28 Russian athletes was insufficient and overturned the IOC sanctions meaning that their Sochi medals and results are reinstated and disqualifications are nullified. For other 11 athletes CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans only to the 2018 Games. Three Russian athletes are still waiting for their hearing which will be conducted after the 2018 Games. The IOC said in a statement that `` the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation '' and that `` this ( case ) may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping ''. The IOC found it important to note that CAS Secretary General `` insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent '' and that they would consider an appeal against the courts decision. See also Olympics portal 2014 Winter Paralympics 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Winter Olympic Games Olympic Games International Olympic Committee List of IOC country codes Notes and references Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 Reveals its Slogan ''. Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games Organizing Committee. 25 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` News ''. sochi2014.com. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Vladislav Tretyak and Irina Rodnina lit the Olympic flame at the Fisht Stadium in Sochi ''. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014. Jump up ^ Ruiz, Rebecca R. ( 9 December 2016 ). `` Russia 's Doping Program Laid Bare by Extensive Evidence in Report ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Ostlere, Lawrence ( 9 December 2016 ). `` McLaren report : more than 1,000 Russian athletes involved in doping conspiracy ''. The Guardian. Jump up ^ Ellingworth, James ( 13 December 2016 ). `` Emails show how Russian officials covered up mass doping ''. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Jump up ^ Ruiz, Rebecca ; Panja, Tariq. `` Russia Banned from Winter Olympics by I.O.C. '' The New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2017. Jump up ^ Hobson, Will ( 5 December 2017 ). `` Russia banned from 2018 Olympics for widespread doping program ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved 5 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Sochi Elected as Host City of XXII Olympic Winter Games, International Olympic Committee ''. Olympic.org. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2014. Jump up ^ Oliphant, Roland ( 30 October 2013 ). `` Sochi : chaos behind the scenes of world 's most expensive Winter Olympics ''. Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Jump up ^ Owen Gibson ( 9 October 2013 ). `` Sochi 2014 : the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone ? ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2014. Jump up ^ The Waste and Corruption of Vladimir Putin 's 2014 Winter Olympics, businessweek, 2 January 2014 Jump up ^ Kuzmin, Vladimir ( 24 May 2012 ). `` Назначенцы - 2012 '' ( Appointees 2012 ). Rossiyskaya Gazeta ( in Russian ). The Kremlin in Moscow. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Jump up ^ Dawisha, Karen ( 2014 ). Putin 's Kleptocracy : Who Owns Russia ?. Simon & Schuster. pp. 87, 377. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4767 - 9519 - 5. Jump up ^ Sukhov, Oleg ( 28 March 2014 ). `` From Olympics to Crimea, Putin Loyalist Kozak Entrusted with Kremlin Mega-Projects ''. The Moscow Times. Retrieved 4 March 2016. ^ Jump up to : Golubchikov, Oleg ( 31 January 2017 ). `` From a sports mega-event to a regional mega-project : the Sochi winter Olympics and the return of geography in state development priorities ''. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 0 ( 0 ) : 1 -- 19. doi : 10.1080 / 19406940.2016. 1272620. ISSN 1940 - 6940. Jump up ^ Vancouver Olympics : Embarrassed Russia looks to 2014 Sochi Olympics The Christian Science Monitor, 1 March 2010 Jump up ^ `` Rio Golf Course ; Women 's World Cup ; IOC Nominee for Japan ? -- No Smoking in Sochi ''. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012. Around the Rings, 14 July 2011 Jump up ^ `` Sochi 's mixed feelings over Olympics ''. BBC News. 26 November 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2014. Jump up ^ Russian Deputy PM leads Sochi delegation to inspect Munich Olympic Park Inside the Games, 22 May 2010 Jump up ^ Madler, Mark ( 24 February 2014 ). `` WET Design Runs Rings Around Rivals ''. San Fernando Business Journal. Los Angeles, California : California Business Journals. Retrieved 26 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` California - based WET makes the waters dance at Sochi ''. Gizmag. Retrieved 26 February 2013. Jump up ^ Посмотрели свысока Yugopolis, 16 July 2013 Jump up ^ `` Sochi track warms up for Russian F1 Grand Prix ''. RT. Retrieved 25 November 2014. Jump up ^ Korsunskaya, Darya ; Gennady Fydorov, Alan Baldwin ( 14 October 2010 ). `` Sochi to host Russian GP from 2014 -- 2020 ''. Reuters. Retrieved 20 October 2010. Jump up ^ `` IOC threatens to postpone Russian Grand Prix ''. GP Update. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` Russia to Spend $50 Million Taking Roof Off Sochi Olympic Stadium ''. The Moscow Times. Retrieved 19 July 2016. Jump up ^ `` Russia 2018 preparations suffer setback as Sochi Olympic Stadium completion date pushed back ''. InsideTheGames.biz. Retrieved 19 July 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Behind Sochi 's Futuristic Logo ''. The New Yorker. Retrieved 4 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi releases Olympic slogan that is neither hot, nor cool ''. USA Today. 25 September 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` ' Hot. Cool. Yours. ' Decoding Russia 's Sochi Olympic slogan ''. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Russian public to vote for Sochi 2014 mascot ''. InsideTheGames.biz. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 chooses three mascots for Olympics as Father Christmas withdraws in row over property rights ''. InsideTheGames.biz. Retrieved 5 February 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Mock mascot loses Olympic race, wins bloggers ' hearts ''. Russia Today. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Mock mascot Zoich masterminded by Sochi 2014 organizers ''. Russia Today. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Mario & Sonic at the Sochi Winter Games & 3rd Sonic Nintendo Exclusive Revealed ''. Anime News Network. Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games ''. Olympicvideogames.com. Retrieved 12 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` The Sochi Stamp : A Sought - After Olympic Souvenir ''. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 February 2014. Jump up ^ Russia prepares for Olympic Games 2014 faster than scheduled ITAR - TASS, 27 June 2009 Jump up ^ IOC Head Praises Sochi 2014 Archived 28 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. GamesBids.com, 24 November 2011 Jump up ^ Bing Ads ( 23 April 2013 ). `` Avaya Official supplyer of network equipment ''. Slideshare.net. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` US firm Avaya named as Sochi 2014 network equipment supplier ''. Insidethegames.biz. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games '' ( PDF ). Avaya. 2013. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2013. Jump up ^ James Careless ( December 2013 ). `` Avaya builds massive Wi - Fi net for 2014 Winter Olympics ''. Network World. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` Сочи - 2014 выходит на связь ''. Открытые системы, 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ `` Инновационное олимпийское телевизионное оборудование впервые в Сочи ''. Broadcasting.ru. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Jump up ^ Fiber - optic communications in Olympic Sochi Mayak Radio, 28 March 2008 ( in Russian ) Archived 15 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` ' МИР ИТ ' приютил олимпийскую ВОЛС ''. comnews.ru. Retrieved 17 November 2013. Jump up ^ `` '' Ростелеком '' обеспечил телекоммуникационными услугами олимпийский медиацентр в Сочи ``. TASS - TELECOM. Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Olympics ' press center and Mountain Cluster 's media center open in Sochi ''. ITAR - TASS. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ Games 2014 Will Double Sochi Power Supply Sochi 2014, 29 May 2009 Jump up ^ Gazprom launches construction of Adler CHPS Gazprom, 28 September 2009 Jump up ^ The power capacities of the Sochi region will increase before the Olympics by a factor of four RBC, 6 July 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ `` Sochi welcomes 2014 Winter Olympics with traditional Russian hospitality ''. En.itar-tass.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Jump up ^ Sochi opens new rail line for 2014 Winter Olympics Inside the Games, 17 February 2012 Jump up ^ Siemens signs Russian Olympic train order Railway Gazette International, 1 January 2010 Jump up ^ Expensive road to the Olympics Gudok, 22 August 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ Runway in Sochi airport will cross the river YuGA.ru, 8 July 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ Russia to build 3 reserve airports in country 's south by 2009 RIA Novosti, 7 July 2007 Jump up ^ `` Playing in the snow WAG MAGAZINE ONLINE ''. Wagmag.com. Jump up ^ `` Sochi authorities close the entrance to the city ''. Retrieved 1 June 2016. DP.RU, 8 October 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ `` Russian Railways started mountain tunnel complex construction from Sochi to Krasnaya Polyana ''. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Interfax, 27 May 2009 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ `` Russian Railways President Yakunin sums up investment programme for first 7 months of 2011 ''. Russian Railways. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011. Jump up ^ NASA -- Sochi at night Jump up ^ Sochi is not a place for recreation Gazeta.ru, 5 July 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ Construction of the first olympic hotel starts in Sochi Archived 15 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. RIA Novosti, 7 August 2007 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ Archived copy at WebCite ( 20 December 2006 ). Press Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation, 13 July 2009 ( in Russian ) Jump up ^ `` Гости Олимпиады смогут отправить написанное пером письмо, оплатив почтовые услуги маркой с собственной фотографией ''. TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014. Jump up ^ Lally, Kathy ( 1 October 2013 ). `` Russia anti-gay law casts a shadow over Sochi 's 2014 Olympics ''. Washington Post. Retrieved 29 September 2013. Jump up ^ `` Soyuz TMA - 09M safely returns crew back to Earth ''. NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 4 February 2014. Jump up ^ 9. listopadu 2013 17 : 51. `` Kosmonauti si poprvé ve volném vesmíru předali olympijskou pochodeň ''. Technet.idnes.cz. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Jump up ^ Loumena, Dan ( 23 November 2013 ). `` Sochi Olympic torch takes plunge into world 's deepest lake ''. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Jump up ^ Faith Karimi ; Michael Martinez ( 7 February 2014 ). `` Sochi 2014 begins with teams, classical music and a flying girl ''. CNN. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Jump up ^ Kathy Lally ; Will Englund ( 7 February 2014 ). `` Olympics open in Sochi with extravagant pageant ''. Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Record 88 nations to participate in Winter Games ''. Global News. Sochi, Russia. Associated Press. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014. Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Eric ( 16 January 2014 ). `` Sochi Spotlight : Zimbabwe 's first Winter Olympian ''. Pique Newsmagazine. Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved 16 January 2014. Jump up ^ Pagan Rivera, Esteban ( 12 January 2014 ). `` Kristina Krone : Quería ir a Sochi, pero nunca recibió contestación del Comité Olímpico ''. Primerahora ( in Spanish ). Retrieved 12 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sascoc crush Speelman 's Olympic dream ''. IOL Sport. 23 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ Dubault, Fabrice ( 24 January 2014 ). `` L'histoire invraisemblable de Mehdi Khelifi privé de J.O par l'Algérie ''. France 3. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi Games : Four Indian skiers to go as independent athletes ''. Zee news. 31 December 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` IOC Executive Board lifts suspension of NOC of India ''. Retrieved 11 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` National Olympic Houses ''. tripadvisor. Retrieved 24 January 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Olympic Parc ; Hospitality Houses ''. sochi2014.com. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Opening Canada House '' ( in Dutch ). CBC. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` China House opens in Sochi ''. XinHua Net. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Zeman slavnostně otevřel Český dům a pravil : Budu váš maskot '' ( in Czech ). Lidové noviny. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Dossier de presse Sotchi 201 '' ( PDF ) ( in French ). Esprit Bleu France Olympic. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Deutsches Haus Sotschi 2014 in Russlands Bergen ''. DOSB. 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014. Jump up ^ 5 min fa. `` Sochi, la Gazzetta entra a Casa Italia : tra cantieri, optional e sobrietà -- La Gazzetta dello Sport ''. Gazzetta.it. Retrieved 8 February 2014. Jump up ^ lsm.lv. `` Linda Leen nozog hokejistu sirdis ''. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Holland Heineken House dichter bij olympiërs dan ooit '' ( in Dutch ). nusport.nl. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Slovak athletes set for Sochi ''. The Slovak Spectator. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Jump up ^ 대한 체육회, 소치 에 코리아 하우스 오픈 ( Korean Olympic Committee, open the Korea House in Sochi ) ( in Korean ). Yonhap News. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014. ( in Dutch ) Jump up ^ `` USOC plans USA House sites in Sochi, at home ''. sportsbusinessdaily.com. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Discover the twelve new winter sports events for Sochi 2014 ! ''. Olympic.org. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Rogge announces three new disciplines for Sochi 2014 ''. Russia Today. TV - Novosti. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Women 's ski jumping gets 2014 Sochi Olympics go - ahead ''. Bbc.co.uk. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2014. Jump up ^ Thompson, Anna ( 5 July 2011 ). `` Slopestyle given Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics go - ahead ''. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` FIS Congress 2010 Decisions ''. FIS - Ski. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2011. Jump up ^ `` Russian ice hockey will be skating in Sochi ''. Infox.ru. AktivMedia. 7 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2011. Jump up ^ It 's Not Hockey, It 's Bandy Jump up ^ `` No time to relax ! The show must go on... again ! ''. Eastbourneherald.co.uk. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Olympic Programme Updates ''. Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. Jump up ^ `` No Olympics for Ski Mountaineering ''. The Mountain World. Retrieved 2 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` No inclusion of ski orienteering in the IOC review process for 2014 ''. International Orienteering Federation. Retrieved 2 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 Closing Ceremony Unites Olympic Generations ''. Sochi 2014. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi 2014 Unveils Olympic Medals ''. Olympic.org. Retrieved 4 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Winners at Sochi Winter Olympics to receive pieces of Russia meteorite ''. London : The Telegraph. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013. Jump up ^ `` Competition Schedule ''. SOCOG. Retrieved 21 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` Russian Police to Speak 3 Languages at Sochi Olympics -- Ministry ''. RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` Russian Military to Ensure Security at 2014 Olympics ''. RIA Novosti. Retrieved 6 December 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Sochi Olympic Protests to Require Approval from Russia 's Security Service ''. RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013. Jump up ^ Oliphant, Roland ; Lundy, Jack ( 2 February 2014 ). `` Sochi Olympic organisers face accommodation crisis ''. The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2 February 2014. Jump up ^ Oliphant, Roland ( 5 February 2014 ). `` The shambles behind the scenes at Sochi ''. The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Russia takes unprecedented security measures ahead of Sochi Olympics ''. ITAR TASS. Retrieved 11 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Space monitoring systems of emergency situations deployed in Sochi ''. ITAR TASS. Retrieved 9 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Russian emergencies minister praises Sochi security system ''. ITAR TASS. 27 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Internal Troops to provide security at Sochi Olympics ''. Russia Beyond the Headlines. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Siberia joins national effort to make the Sochi Olympics safe and successful ''. Siberia Times. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sochi Drafts In Cossacks for Olympic Security ''. RIA Novosti. Retrieved 9 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Some 300 Cossacks to Help Police Sochi Olympics ''. RIA Novosti. Retrieved 9 January 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Olympic Teams Prepare for Possible Security Crisis in Sochi ''. The Moscow Times. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Obama offers US security assistance to Putin as Olympic terror fears mount ''. Fox News. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` As Sochi Olympic venues are built, so are Kremlin 's surveillance networks ''. The Guardian. 6 October 2013. Jump up ^ Walker, Shaun ( 6 October 2013 ). `` Russia to monitor ' all communications ' at Winter Olympics in Sochi ''. The Guardian. ISSN 0261 - 3077. Retrieved 14 April 2016. Jump up ^ https://sportfm.ru/news/zhurova-olimpiada-v-sochi-eto-proekt-putina.html Jump up ^ `` Caucasus Emirate Leader Calls On Insurgents To Thwart Sochi Winter Olympics ''. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Retrieved 13 February 2014. Jump up ^ Rumsby, Ben ( 22 January 2014 ). `` Winter Olympics 2014 : email threat to ' blow up ' athletes at Sochi Games dismissed by IOC ''. Telegraph. London. Retrieved 30 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` European Olympic Committees Report Sochi Terror Threats ''. En.ria.ru. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Jump up ^ Love, Tom ( 3 September 2012 ). `` Sportfive concludes Olympic agreement in Russia ''. SportsPro. Retrieved 4 September 2012. Jump up ^ `` Lazarus : We Believe Sochi Olympics Will Be Profitable ''. Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 13 August 2013. Jump up ^ `` Sportsnet to air 200 hours of Sochi Games ''. Sportsnet. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` CBC / Radio Canada welcomes partners in 2014 Sochi Olympics coverage ''. CBC. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` CBC / Radio - Canada seals agreement with TVA Sports for the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games ''. Canada Newswire. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` CBC wins rights to 2014, 2016 Olympic Games ''. CBC Sports. Retrieved 1 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Olympic fury over rules for TV sport ''. The Australian. 7 April 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013. Jump up ^ `` Seven withdraws from bidding for Olympics as price tag proves too great for TV networks ''. Fox Sports. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013. Jump up ^ MacKay, Duncan ( 12 May 2013 ). `` Ten Network signs $20 million deal to broadcast Sochi 2014 in Australia, claim reports ''. Inside the Games. Retrieved 13 August 2013. Jump up ^ Pennington, Adrian. `` Comcast to Produce Olympics 2014 in Ultra HD ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 27 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Russia to transmit 4K from Sochi ''. TVBEurope. NewBay Media. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Putin cancels New Year holidays for officials responsible for Winter Games ''. ITAR - TASS. Retrieved 30 November 2013. Jump up ^ Pennington, Adrian ( 4 February 2014 ). `` Sochi Games to Set Record for Live and VOD Streaming ''. Streaming Media Europe. Retrieved 8 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Judge bans Sochi 2014 gay Pride House claiming it would offend `` public morality '' ``. Inside the Games. Retrieved 12 February 2014. Jump up ^ Johnson, Ted ( 24 July 2013 ). `` Russia 's Anti-Gay Laws Present Challenge for NBC 's Olympics Coverage ''. Variety. Retrieved 25 July 2013. Jump up ^ Fierstein, Harvey ( 21 July 2013 ). `` Russia 's Anti-Gay Crackdown ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2013. Jump up ^ Herszenhorn, David M. ( 11 August 2013 ). `` Gays in Russia Find No Haven, Despite Support From the West ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ Skybenko, Ella ( 7 February 2014 ). `` Companies can help advance human rights ; Sochi shows they rarely use it ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2014. Jump up ^ Bennetts, Marc ( 19 January 2014 ). `` Winter Olympics 2014 : Sochi Games `` nothing but a monstrous scam, '' says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov ``. Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` The Sochi Olympics : Castles in the sand ''. The Economist. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2013. Jump up ^ Jaimoukha, Amjad. Ancient Circassian Cultures and Nations in the First Millennium BCE. Pages 1 -- 7, 9 -- 14 Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Circassians : `` From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires... '' Jump up ^ `` 145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue ''. Reuters. 22 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2009. Jump up ^ Ellen Barry ( 20 May 2011 ). `` Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Andrea Alexander ( 9 February 2010 ). `` North Jersey Circassians ' in exile ' launch Olympic protest ''. The Record. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014. Jump up ^ Gabriele Barbati ( 6 February 2014 ). `` Circassians Protest Winter Olympics Being Held At Sochi Genocide Site ''. International Business Times. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` Olympics - IOC says Russia - Georgia conflict `` a sad reality '' ``. Reuters. 9 August 2008. Jump up ^ Azamat Bram. Circassians Voice Olympian Anger. Institute for War and Peace Reporting Caucasus Reporting Service No. 413, 5 October 2007. Retrieved on 2 April 2010. Jump up ^ Farhi, Paul ( 21 February 2014 ). `` In coverage of Olympics, NBC has largely steered clear of controversy ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2014. Jump up ^ Sappenfield, Mark ( 24 February 2014 ). `` Sochi Olympics report card : So how good were Putin 's Games ? ''. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 February 2014. Jump up ^ Grohmann, Karolos ( 23 February 2014 ). `` ' Excellent ' Sochi Games proved critics wrong, says IOC 's Bach ''. Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2014. Jump up ^ Olterman, Philip ( 3 December 2014 ). `` Russia accused of athletics doping cover - up on German TV ''. Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2015. Jump up ^ `` Athletics doping : Russia provisionally suspended by IAAF ''. BBC Sport. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ Jump up to : Ruiz, Rebecca R. ; Schwirtz, Michael ( 12 May 2016 ). `` Russian Insider Says State - Run Doping Fueled Olympic Gold ''. The New York Times. ^ Jump up to : Ruiz, Rebecca R. ; Schwirtz, Michael ( 13 May 2016 ). `` Mystery in Sochi Doping Case Lies With Tamper - Proof Bottle ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2016. Jump up ^ Gibson, Owen ( 1 June 2016 ). `` New doping report will influence decision on Russia 's place at Olympics ''. The Guardian. Jump up ^ `` Russian athletics : IAAF upholds ban before Rio Olympics ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 July 2016. Jump up ^ Ruiz, Rebecca R. ( 27 December 2016 ). `` Russians No Longer Dispute Olympic Doping Operation ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Russia 's anti-doping body says did not admit to sports dope conspiracy ''. Reuters. 28 December 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Putin Calls Olympics Punishments a Sign of U.S. Election Meddling ''. Reuters. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017. Jump up ^ https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-sanctions-one-russian-athlete-and-closes-one-case-as-part-of-oswald-commission-findings Jump up ^ `` Ghiaccio, pattinaggio. Scandalo Sochi 2014. Sospetti sulla Sotnikova : Kostner d'argento ? ''. La Gazzetta dello Sport. Milan, Italy. 30 December 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Media reported about the possible deprivation of the figure skater Sotnikova gold Sochi 2014 ''. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017. Jump up ^ https://uawire.org/news/mcclaren-doping-report-may-affect-russian-figure-skaters Jump up ^ Butler, Nick ( 9 November 2017 ). `` Exclusive : Olympic figure skating champion cleared of doping charge by IOC but four Russian skiers disqualified ''. Retrieved 9 November 2017. Jump up ^ http://skitrax.com/alexander-legkov-headlines-6-russian-xc-skiers-and-2-biathletes-provisionally-suspended/ Jump up ^ Michael Pavitt ( 27 November 2017 ). `` IOC back Rodchenkov as a reliable witness as first details of why Russians disqualified from Sochi 2014 published ''. insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 4 December 2017. Jump up ^ http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release__decision_RUS_IOC_.pdf Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions 11 Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings ''. International Olympic Committee. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017. ^ Jump up to : http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release__decision_RUS_IOC_.pdf Jump up ^ `` IOC Statement on CAS Decision ''. International Olympic Committee. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. Jump up ^ `` FIS Statements regarding anti-doping activities ''. FIS. Retrieved 8 February 2018. Jump up ^ `` Four Biathletes ' Names Not Scrubbed from McLaren Report ; 31 Still Unnamed - FasterSkier.com ''. FasterSkier. Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions five Russian athletes and publishes first full decision as part of the Oswald Commission findings ''. International Olympic Committee. 27 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017. Jump up ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/four-russian-skeleton-athletes-suspended-doping-2014-sochi-olympics/28206851.html Jump up ^ https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1045372/russias-nikitina-denies-knowledge-of-any-suspension-from-skeleton-competition Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions four Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings ''. International Olympic Committee. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` CAS nullifies lifetime Olympic bans on Russians ''. Deutsche Welle. 2018 - 02 - 01. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 03. Jump up ^ Morgan, Liam ( 21 November 2017 ). `` FIS to provide update on Russian skiers as ice hockey players set to appear before Oswald Commission ''. Insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Company Ltd. Retrieved 22 November 2017. Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions six Russian athletes and closes one case as part of the Oswald Commission findingsdate = December 12, 2017 ''. olympic.org. Retrieved 13 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions 11 Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings ''. International Olympic Committee. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` IOC SANCTIONS FOUR RUSSIAN ATHLETES AS PART OF OSWALD COMMISSION FINDINGS ''. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017. Jump up ^ https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-sanctions-three-russian-athletes-as-part-of-oswald-commission-findings Jump up ^ https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-sanctions-three-russian-athletes-as-part-of-oswald-commission-findings-2017-12-01 Jump up ^ `` Russian bobsledder banned over doping ''. France 24. 18 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` IOC sanctions 11 Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings ''. International Olympic Committee. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017. Jump up ^ Ruiz, Rebecca ; Panja, Tariq. `` Russia Banned from Winter Olympics by I.O.C. '' The New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2017. Jump up ^ Hobson, Will ( 5 December 2017 ). `` Russia banned from 2018 Olympics for widespread doping program ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved 5 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` IOC Statement on CAS Decision ''. International Olympic Committee. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2014 Winter Olympics. Wikinews has news related to : 2014 Winter Olympics Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games. `` Sochi 2014 ''. Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. `` Results and Medalists ''. Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. `` Official website ''. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2015. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) ( in Russian ) ( in English ) ( in French ) Olympstroy State Corporation ( in Russian ) ( in English ) - responsible for Sochi Olympics construction and development Sochi 2014 links on Open Directory Project ( DMOZ ) Sochi satellite image on Google Maps Preceded by Vancouver Winter Olympics Sochi XXII Olympic Winter Games ( 2014 ) Succeeded by Pyeongchang Olympic Games Ceremonies Charter Participating nations Summer Olympics Winter Olympics Host cities Bids Venues IOC NOCs Country codes Medal Medal tables Medalists Ties Diploma Scandals and controversies Colonialism Doping Sports Symbols Torch relays Pierre de Coubertin medal Women Deaths WWI Olympic video games Summer Games 1896 Athens 1900 Paris 1904 St. Louis 1908 London 1912 Stockholm 1916 Berlin 1920 Antwerp 1924 Paris 1928 Amsterdam 1932 Los Angeles 1936 Berlin 1940 Tokyo 1944 London 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio de Janeiro 2020 Tokyo 2024 Paris 2028 Los Angeles 2032 TBD Winter Games 1924 Chamonix 1928 St. Moritz 1932 Lake Placid 1936 Garmisch - Partenkirchen 1940 Sapporo 1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1948 St. Moritz 1952 Oslo 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1960 Squaw Valley 1964 Innsbruck 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo 1976 Innsbruck 1980 Lake Placid 1984 Sarajevo 1988 Calgary 1992 Albertville 1994 Lillehammer 1998 Nagano 2002 Salt Lake City 2006 Turin 2010 Vancouver 2014 Sochi 2018 Pyeongchang 2022 Beijing 2026 TBD 2030 TBD Ancient Olympic Games Intercalated Games 1906 Paralympic Games Youth Olympic Games Events at the 2014 Winter Olympics ( Sochi ) Alpine skiing Biathlon Bobsleigh Cross-country skiing Curling men women Figure skating Freestyle skiing Ice hockey men women Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding Speed skating Chronological summary Medal table List of medalists Nations at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia Africa Morocco Togo Zimbabwe Americas Argentina Bermuda Brazil British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Chile Dominica Jamaica Mexico Paraguay Peru United States Venezuela Virgin Islands Asia China Chinese Taipei East Timor Hong Kong India Iran Japan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Mongolia Nepal Pakistan Philippines South Korea Tajikistan Thailand Uzbekistan Europe Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Great Britain Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Tonga Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics Coastal Cluster Bolshoy Ice Dome Fisht Olympic Stadium Shayba Arena Ice Cube Curling Center Adler Arena Skating Center Iceberg Skating Palace Mountain Cluster Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex Rosa Khutor Extreme Park Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort RusSki Gorki Jumping Center Sliding Center Sanki Sochi Olympic Park Sochi Medals Plaza Sochi Autodrom Krasnaya Polyana Rzhanaya Polyana 2010s portal Olympics portal Russia portal VIAF : 239682429 LCCN : n2009042303 GND : 7601288 - 8 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Winter_Olympics&oldid=836347001 '' Categories : 2014 Winter Olympics 2014 in winter sports 2014 in multi-sport events 2014 in Russian sport Olympic Games in Russia Sports competitions in Sochi Winter Olympics by year February 2014 sports events Winter multi-sport events in Russia 21st century in Sochi Doping in Russia Hidden categories : CS1 Russian - language sources ( ru ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from March 2017 Webarchive template wayback links Articles with Russian - language external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) CS1 Dutch - language sources ( nl ) CS1 Czech - language sources ( cs ) CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) CS1 uses Korean - language script ( ko ) CS1 Korean - language sources ( ko ) Articles with Dutch - language external links Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from February 2018 Use British English from February 2014 Articles containing Russian - language text Articles containing French - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Pages using Columns - list with deprecated parameters Articles that may be too long from December 2017 Articles with French - language external links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Articles containing video clips Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikivoyage Afrikaans Аҧсшәа Aragonés Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Коми Кыргызча Лезги Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Livvinkarjala Magyar Македонски Malagasy मराठी Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Napulitano Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Тыва дыл Українська اردو Vepsän kel ' Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 83 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 April 2018, at 06 : 28. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: where were the winter olympics of 2014 held
Answer: Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia