Chhattisgarh - Wikipedia Chhattisgarh This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2017 ) Chhattisgarh State Seal Location of Chhattisgarh in India Coordinates ( Raipur chhattisgarh ) : 21 ° 15 ′ N 81 ° 36 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 21.25 ° N 81.60 ° E ﻿ / 21.25 ; 81.60 Coordinates : 21 ° 15 ′ N 81 ° 36 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 21.25 ° N 81.60 ° E ﻿ / 21.25 ; 81.60 Country India Formation 1 November 2000 Capital Naya Raipur Largest city Raipur Districts 27 Government Governor Balram Das Tandon Chief Minister Dr. Raman Singh ( BJP ) Legislature Unicameral ( 90 seats ) Parliamentary constituency 11 ( year 2010 ) High Court Chhattisgarh High Court Area Total 135,198.5 km ( 52,200.4 sq mi ) Area rank 10 Population ( 2015 ) Total 27.93 million Rank 17th Time zone IST ( UTC + 05 : 30 ) ISO 3166 code IN - CT HDI 0.537 ( Medium ) HDI rank 23rd ( 2005 ) State Animal Wild Asian Buffalo State Bird Hill Myna State Tree Sal Literacy 71.04 % ( 23rd ) Official language Chhattisgarhi, Hindi Website cgstate.gov.in Chhattisgarh ( Chatīsgaṛh, translation : Thirty - Six Forts ) is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre - east of the country. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of 135,194 km ( 52,199 sq mi ). With a population of 28 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th most - populated state in the country. A resource - rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15 % of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest - developing states in India. The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi - speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh. The capital city is Raipur. Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest, Maharashtra in the southwest, Telangana in the south ( Bhupalpally district ), Odisha in the southeast, Jharkhand in the northeast and Uttar Pradesh in the north. Currently the state comprises 27 districts. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 2.2 Temperature 3 Transport 3.1 Roads 3.2 Rail network 3.2. 1 Rail Network Expansion 3.3 Air 4 History 4.1 Ancient and medieval history 4.2 Colonial and Post Independence history 4.3 Separation of Chhattisgarh 5 Governance and administration 5.1 Districts 6 Major cities 7 Human Development Indicators ( HDIs ) 7.1 HDI 7.2 Standard of living 7.3 Education Index 7.4 Health Index 7.5 Net state domestic product ( NSDP ) 7.6 Urbanisation 7.7 Sex ratio 7.8 Fertility rate 7.9 SC and ST population 7.10 Poverty 7.11 Access to drinking water 7.12 Sanitation 7.13 Teledensity 7.14 Road density 8 Demographics 8.1 Religion 8.1. 1 Witchcraft 8.1. 2 Religious Persecution 8.2 Language 8.3 Status of women 9 Culture 9.1 Literature 9.2 Crafts 9.3 Dance 9.3. 1 Panthi 9.3. 2 Pandwani 9.3. 3 Raut Nacha 9.3. 4 Soowa Nacha 9.3. 5 Karma 10 Festivals of Chhattisgarh 10.1 Theatre 10.2 Film Industry 10.3 Traditional food 11 Economy 11.1 Tea production 11.2 Agriculture 11.2. 1 Agricultural products 11.2. 2 Irrigation 11.3 Industrial sector 11.3. 1 Power sector 11.3. 2 Steel sector 11.3. 3 Aluminium sector 11.3. 4 Natural resources 11.3. 4.1 Forest 11.3. 4.2 Mineral deposits 11.3. 4.3 Information and technologies 11.3. 4.4 Major companies 11.4 Exports 12 Tourism 13 Education 13.1 Absolute literates and literacy rate 14 Media and communications 14.1 English daily newspapers 14.2 Hindi daily newspapers 14.3 Telecommunications 14.4 Television 14.5 Radio 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 18 External links Etymology There are several opinions as to the origin of the name Chhattisgarh, which in ancient times was known as Dakshina Kosala ( South Kosala ). `` Chhattisgarh '' was popularized later during the time of the Maratha Empire and was first used in an official document in 1795. It is claimed that Chhattisgarh takes its name from the 36 ancient forts in the area ( chhattis -- thirty - six '' and garh -- fort ). The old state had 36 demesnes ( feudal territories ) : Ratanpur, Vijaypur, Kharound, Maro, Kautgarh, Nawagarh, Sondhi, Aukhar, Padarbhatta, Semriya, Champa, Lafa, Chhuri, Kenda, Matin, Aparora, Pendra, Kurkuti - kandri, Raipur, Patan, Simaga, Singarpur, Lavan, Omera, Durg, Saradha, Sirasa, Menhadi, Khallari, Sirpur, Figeswar, Rajim, Singhangarh, Suvarmar, Tenganagarh and Akaltara. However, experts do not agree with this explanation, as 36 forts can not be archaeologically identified in this region. Another view, more popular with experts and historians, is that Chhattisgarh is the corrupted form of Chedisgarh which means Raj or `` Empire of the Chedis ''. In ancient times, Chhattisgarh region had been part of the Chedi dynasty of Kaling, in modern Odisha. In the medieval period up to 1803, a major portion of present eastern Chhattisgarh was part of the Sambalpur Kingdom of Odisha. Geography The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain. The highest point in the state is the Gaurlata. Deciduous forests of the Eastern Highlands Forests cover roughly 44 % of the state. The state animal is the van bhainsa, or wild water buffalo. The state bird is the pahari myna, or hill myna. The state tree is the Sal ( Sarai ) found in Bastar division. Sal - The State Tree of Chhattisgarh In the north lies the edge of the great Indo - Gangetic plain. The Rihand River, a tributary of the Ganges, drains this area. The eastern end of the Satpura Range and the western edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau form an east - west belt of hills that divide the Mahanadi River basin from the Indo - Gangetic plain. The outline of Chhattisgarh is like a sea horse. The central part of the state lies in the fertile upper basin of the Mahanadi river and its tributaries. This area has extensive rice cultivation. The upper Mahanadi basin is separated from the upper Narmada basin to the west by the Maikal Hills ( part of the Satpuras ) and from the plains of Odisha to the east by ranges of hills. The southern part of the state lies on the Deccan plateau, in the watershed of the Godavari River and its tributary, the Indravati River. The Mahanadi is the chief river of the state. The other main rivers are Hasdo ( a tributary of Mahanadi ), Rihand, Indravati, Jonk, Arpa and Shivnath. It is situated in the east of Madhya Pradesh. Amrit Dhara Waterfall. The natural beauty of Koriya includes dense forests, mountains, rivers and waterfalls. Amrit Dhara Waterfall in Koriya is among the most famous waterfalls in Koriya. Koriya in Chhattisgarh was a princely state during the British rule in India. Koriya is also known for the rich mineral deposits. Coal is found in abundance in this part of the country. The dense forests are rich in wildlife. The Amrit Dhara Water fall, Koriya is a natural waterfall which originates from the Hasdo River. The fall is situated at a distance of seven kilometers from Koriya. The waterfall is ideally located on the Manendragarh - Baikunthpur road. The Amrit Dhara Waterfall in Koriya in Chhattisgarh in India falls from a height of 27 m. The waterfall is about 3 -- 4.5 m wide. The point where the water falls, there, a cloudy atmosphere is formed all around. Chirimiri is one of the more popular places, known for its pristine beauty, and healthy climate in Chhattisgarh. Climate The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains. Summer temperatures in Chhattisgarh can reach 45 ° C ( 113 ° F ). The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat. Chhattisgarh receives an average of 1,292 millimetres ( 50.9 in ) of rain. Winter is from November to January and it is a good time to visit Chhattisgarh. Winters are pleasant with low temperatures and less humidity. Temperature The temperature varies between 30 and 45 ° C ( 86 and 113 ° F ) in summer and between 0 and 25 ° C ( 32 and 77 ° F ) during winter. However, extremes in temperature can be observed with scales falling to less than 0 ° C to 49 ° C. Transport Roads National Highway 43 ( India ) Chhattisgarh has coverage of mostly 2 - lane or 1 - lane roads which provides connectivity to major cities. 11 national highways passing through the state which are together 3078.40 km in length. However most national highways are in poor conditions and provides only 2 - lanes for slow moving traffic. Many national highways are on paper and not fully converted into 4 - lane highway. This includes 130A New, 130B New, 130C New, 130D New, 149B New, 163A New, 343 New, 930New... Other national highway includes NH 6, NH 16, NH 43, NH 12A, NH 78, NH 111, NH 200, NH 202, NH 216, NH 217, NH 221, NH30 NH 930 NEW. The state highways and major district roads constitute another network of 8,031 km. Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest densities of National Highway in Central and South India ( 12.1 km / 100,000 population ) which is similar to the North Eastern state of Assam. Rail network Raipur Railway Station Entrance Almost the entire railway network spread over the state comes under the geographical jurisdiction of the South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways centred around Bilaspur, which is the zonal headquarters of this zone. The main railway junction is Raipur, Durg and Bilaspur Junction, which is also a starting point of many long distance trains. These three junctions are well - connected to the major cities of India. The state has the highest freight loading in the country and one - sixth of Indian Railway 's revenue comes from Chhattisgarh. The length of rail network in the state is 1,108 km, while a third track has been commissioned between Durg and Raigarh. Construction of some new railway lines are under process. These include Dalli - Rajhara -- Jagdalpur rail line, Pendra Road - Gevra Road Rail Line rail line, Raigarh - Mand Colliery to Bhupdeopur rail line and Barwadih - Chirmiri rail line. Freight / goods trains provide services mostly to coal and iron ore industries in east - west corridor ( Mumbai - Howrah route ). There is lack of passenger services to north and south of Chhattisgarh. Current train stations are mostly over crowded and not maintained well for passengers. Rail network expansion Presently, Chhattisgarh has 1,187 km long railway line network, which is less than half of the national average of rail density. The construction of new 546 km long rail network includes Rajhara - Rowghat rail project, 311 km long East and East - West Rail Corridors and 140 km long Rowghat - Jagdalpur rail project are underway in the state. The Chhattisgarh government has now decided to form a joint venture company with the Ministry of Railways for the expansion of railway tracks in the state. The decision to form a joint venture company with Ministry of Railways was taken during a meeting of the state cabinet chaired by Chief Minister on 5 February 2016. An MoU will shortly be signed between the state Commerce and Industries Department and the railway ministry in this regard. Under the MoU, the state government will have 51 % share and the railways remaining 49 % share. The proposed joint venture company will identify viable rail projects in the state and implement them. Major Railway heads are Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Champa, Raigarh, Rajnandgaon Major Railway Station Of Chhattisgarh Bilaspur Junction Railway Station Durg Junction Railway Station Raipur Junction Railway Station Raigarh Railway Station Korba Railway Station Champa Junction Railway Station Rajnandgaon Railway Station Dongargarh Railway Station Gevra Road Railway Station Pendra Road Railway Station Air Swami Vivekananda Airport Raipur The air infrastructure in Chhattisgarh is small compared to other states. Swami Vivekananda Airport in Raipur is its sole airport with scheduled commercial air services. A massive reduction in sales tax on aviation turbine fuel ( ATF ) from 25 to 4 % in Chhattisgarh in 2003 has contributed to a sharp rise in passenger flow. The passenger flow has increased by 58 % between 2011 and November 2012. Other major areas in the north and south of state, and industrial cities such as Bilaspur, Korba, Raigarh are not served by any airline. The majority of population in these area is not able take advantage of low cost airlines due to poor road connectivity and high cost of taxi fares. The State Government has signed a MOU with the Airports Authority of India ( AAI ) in July 2013 to develop Raigarh Airport as the state 's second airport for domestic flights. Other airstrips Bilaspur Airport, Bilaspur Jagdalpur Airport, Jagdalpur Nandini Airport, Bhilai Baikunth Airstrip, Baikunth JSPL 's Airstrip, Raigarh Darima Airstrip, Ambikapur Korba Airstrip, Korba Agdih Airstrip, Jashpur Dondi Airstrip, Dondi, Durg Kota Road Airstrip, MohanBhatha, Bilaspur Mulmula Airtrip, Mulmula Janjgir - Champa Proposed airstrips Kanker Kabirdham Surajpur Dantewada Bijapur Korba Balrampur Rajnandgaon History Ancient and medieval history In ancient times, this region was known as Dakshina Kosala. This area also finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata. Between the sixth and twelfth centuries, Sharabhpurias, Panduavanshi, Somavanshi, Kalachuri and Nagavanshi rulers dominated this region. The Bastar region of Chhattisgarh was invaded by Rajendra Chola I and Kulothunga Chola I of the Chola dynasty in the 11th century. Colonial and post independence history See also : Chhattisgarh Division Chhattisgarh was under Maratha rule ( Bhonsales of Nagpur ) from 1741 to 1845 AD. It came under British rule from 1845 to 1947 as the Chhattisgarh Division of the Central Provinces. Raipur gained prominence over the capital Ratanpur with the advent of the British in 1845. In 1905, the Sambalpur district was transferred to Odisha and the estates of Surguja were transferred from Bengal to Chhattisgarh. The area constituting the new state merged into on 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and remained a part of that state for 44 years. Prior to its becoming a part of the new state of Madhya Pradesh, the region was part of old Madhya Pradesh State, with its capital at Nagpur. Prior to that, the region was part of the Central Provinces and Berar ( CP and Berar ) under the British rule. Some areas constituting the Chhattisgarh state were princely states under the British rule, but later on were merged into Madhya Pradesh. Separation of Chhattisgarh Mantralaya in Naya ( New ) Raipur The present state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 2000. The demand for a separate state was first raised in the 1920s. Similar demands kept cropping up at regular intervals ; however, a well - organized movement was never launched. Several all - party platforms were formed and they usually resolved around petitions, public meetings, seminars, rallies and strikes. A demand for separate Chhattisgarh was raised in 1924 by the Raipur Congress unit and also discussed in the Annual Session of the Indian Congress at Tripuri. A discussion also took place of forming a Regional Congress organization for Chhattisgarh. When the State Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1954, the demand for a separate Chhattisgarh was put forward, but was not accepted. In 1955, a demand for a separate state was raised in the Nagpur assembly of the then state of Madhya Bharat. The 1990s saw more activity for a demand for the new state, such as the formation of a statewide political forum, especially the Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch. Chandulal Chadrakar led this forum, several successful region - wide strikes and rallies were organized under the banner of the forum, all of which were supported by major political parties, including the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. The new National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) government sent the redrafted Separate Chhattisgarh Bill for the approval of the Madhya Pradesh Assembly, where it was once again unanimously approved and then it was tabled in the Lok Sabha. This bill for a separate Chhattisgarh was passed in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, paving the way for the creation of a separate state of Chhattisgarh. The President of India gave his consent to the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 on 25 August 2000. The Government of India subsequently set 1 November 2000, as the day the state of Madhya Pradesh would be divided into Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Governance and administration Main articles : Government of Chhattisgarh and Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh The State Legislative assembly is composed of 90 members of the Legislative Assembly. There are 11 members of the Lok Sabha from Chhattisgarh. The Rajya Sabha has five members from the state. Districts Main articles : List of districts of Chhattisgarh and Districts of Chhattisgarh Districts of Chhattisgarh state in 2007 Chhattisgarh comprises 27 districts. The following are the list of the districts of Chhattisgarh State : Balod Baloda Bazar - Bhatapara Balrampur Bastar Bemetara Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Gariaband Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kabirdham Kondagaon Korba Koriya Mahasamund Mungeli Narayanpur Raigarh Raipur Rajnandgaon Surguja Sukma Surajpur Chhattisgarh state consists of 27 districts and 5 divisions : Bastar Division Durg Division Raipur Division Bilaspur Division Surguja Division Bastar ( Jagdalpur ) Bijapur Sukma Dantewada ( Dakshin Bastar ) Kondagaon Narayanpur Kanker ( Uttar Bastar ) Kawardha ( Kabirdham ) Rajnandgaon Balod Durg Bemetara Dhamtari Gariyaband Raipur Baloda Bazar Mahasamund Bilaspur Mungeli Korba Janjgir - Champa Raigarh Koriya Surajpur Surguja ( Ambikapur ) Balrampur Jashpur District Headquarter Largest City Other Major Cities Raipur Raipur Raipur Kharora, Tilda Bilaspur Bilaspur Bilaspur Kota ( Kargi Road ), Pendra Road, Bilha Durg Durg Bhilai - nagar Charoda, Kumhari, Patan Korba Korba Korba Katghora, Pali Raigarh Raigarh Raigarh Kharsia, Gharghora, Sarangagarh Rajnandgaon Rajnandgaon Rajnandgaon Dungargarh, Dungargaon Koriya Baikunthpur Chirmiri Manendragarh Surguja Ambikapur Ambikapur Balrampur - Ramanujganj Balrampur Balrampur Ramanujganj Jashpur Jashpur - Nagar Jashpur - Nagar Kunkuri, Patthalgaon ) ) Surajpur Surajpur Surajpur Bishrampur Janjgir -- Champa Janjgir Janjgir - Naila / Champa Shakti, Akaltara Mungeli Mungeli Mungeli Lormi, Takhatpur Kabirdham Kawardha Kawardha Pandariya, Pandatarai Bemetara Bemetara Bemetara Balod Balod Balod Dalli - Rajhara Baloda Bazar - Bhatapara Baloda Bazar Bhatapara Kasdol Gariaband Gariaband Gariaband Deobhog Mahasamund Mahasamund Mahasamund Saraipali, Bagbahra Dhamtari Dhamtari Dhamtari Kurud Bijapur Bijapur Bijapur Narayanpur Narayanpur Narayanpur North Bastar Kanker Kanker Bhanupratapur Bastar Jagdalpur Jagdalpur Bastar South Bastar Dantewada Dantewada Kondagaon Kondagaon Kondagaon Major cities Main article : List of cities in Chhattisgarh Raipur Bilaspur Durg Bhilai Jagdalpur Rajnandgaon Dhamtari Raigarh Ambikapur Korba Chirmiri Janjgir Champa Kanker Mahasamund Largest cities in Chhattisgarh ( 2011 Census of India estimate ) Rank City District Population Raipur Raipur 4,063,872 Bhilai - Durg Durg 3,343,872 Bilaspur Bilaspur 2,663,629 Rajnandgaon Rajnandgaon 1,537,133 5 Raigarh Raigarh 1,493,984 6 Korba Korba 1,206,640 7 Ambikapur Sarguja 2,359,886 8 Jagdalpur Bastar 125,345 9 Chirmiri Koriya 100,656 10 Dhamtari Dhamtari 90,254 11 Mahasamund Mahasamund 85,650 Human development indicators ( hdis ) Hdi As of 2011 Chhattisgarh state had a Human Development Index value of 0.537 ( medium ), ranks 23rd in Indian state. The national average is 0.467 according to 2011 Indian NHDR report. Standard of living Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest standard of living in India as per the Income Index ( 0.127 ) along with the states of Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan. These states have incomes below the national average, with Bihar having the lowest income per capita. Despite these ratings and rankings, we can consider Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh to be one of the most developing cities in India. People living here, have high living standards that can be compared to any of those living in rich metro cities. Likes of International Cricket Stadium, top notch malls, various multinational brands and lot more. Even the NSDP ( Net STate Domestic Product ) ratings suggest that the growth is a decent 12.15 % per annum. The widespread of Chhattisgarh capital, Naya Raipur can also be considered as one of the advanced developments this state will be seeing in near 8 -- 10 years. Education Index School children in Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh has an Education Index of 0.526 according to 2011 NHDR which is higher than that of the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, although lower than the national average of 0.563. With respect to literacy, the state fared just below the national average. The recent estimates from Census ( 2011 ) are also similar, with the literacy rate of 71 % ( 81.4 % Males & 60.5 % Females ), which is close to the all India literacy rate of 74 %. According to NSS ( 2007 -- 08 ), the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes ( STs ) and Scheduled Castes ( SCs ) was better than the corresponding national average. Among the marginalized groups, STs are at the bottom of the rankings, further emphasizing the lack of social development in the state. Bastar and Dantewada in south Chhattisgarh are the most illiterate districts and the drop out ratio is the highest among all the districts. The reason for this is the extreme poverty in rural areas. Health Index Health Index of Chhattisgarh is less than 0.49, one of the lowest in the country. The Health Index is defined in terms of life expectancy at birth since a higher life expectancy at birth reflects better health outcomes for an individual. Despite different health related schemes and programmes, the health indicators such as percentage of women with BMI < 18.5, Under Five Mortality Rate and underweight children are poor. This may be due to the difficulty in accessing the remote areas in the state. The prevalence of female malnutrition in Chhattisgarh is higher than the national average -- half of the ST females are malnourished. The performance of SCs is a little better than the corresponding national and state average. The Under Five Mortality Rate among STs is significantly higher than the national average. The percentage of under - weight children in Chhattisgarh is also higher than the national average, further underlining the appalling health condition of the state 's population. Net state domestic product ( NSDP ) Chhattisgarh is one of the emerging states with relatively high growth rates of NSDP ( 8.2 % vs. 7.1 % All India over 2002 -- 2008 ) and per capita NSDP ( 6.2 % vs. 5.4 % All India over 2002 -- 2008 ). The growth rates of the said parameters are above the national averages and thus it appears that Chhattisgarh is catching up with other states in this respect. However, the state still has very low levels of per capita income as compared to the other states. Urbanisation The demographic profile shows that about 80 per cent of the total population lived in rural areas. Raipur being the Capital of the Chhattishgarh, can be considered under Urban City. Sex ratio There are more than 13 million males and 12.9 million females in Chhattisgarh, which constitutes 2.11 % of the country 's population. The sex ratio in the state is one of the most balanced in India with 991 females per 1,000 males, as is the child sex - ratio with 964 females per 1,000 males ( Census 2011 ) Fertility rate Chhattisgarh has a fairly high fertility rate ( 3.1 ) as compared to All India ( 2.6 ) and the replacement rate ( 2.1 ). It has rural fertility rate of 3.2 and urban fertility rate of 2.1. SC and ST population With the exception of the hilly states of the north - east, Chhattisgarh has one of highest shares of Scheduled Tribe ( ST ) populations within a state, accounting for about 10 per cent of the STs in India. Scheduled Castes and STs together constitute more than 50 per cent of the state 's population. The tribals are an important part of the state population and mainly inhabit the dense forests of Bastar and other districts of south Chhattisgarh. The Scheduled Caste ( SC ) population of Chhattisgarh is 2,418,722 as per 2001 census constituting 11.6 per cent of the total population ( 20,833,803 ). The proportion of Scheduled Castes has increased from 11.6 per cent in 2001 to 12.8 % in 2011. The percentage increase in the population of the scheduled list of tribals during the 2001 -- 2011 decade had been at the rate of 18.23 per cent. The share of the tribal population in the entire state had been 30.62 per cent which was 31.76 per cent during 2001. Poverty Tendu Patta ( Leaf ) collection in Chhattisgarh, India. The incidence of poverty in Chhattisgarh is very high. The estimated poverty ratio in 2004 -- 5 based on uniform reference period consumption was around 50 per cent, which is approximately double the all India level. The incidence of poverty in the rural and urban areas is almost the same. More than half of the rural STs and urban SCs are poor. In general, the proportion of poor SC and ST households in the state is higher than the state average and their community 's respective national averages ( except for rural SC households ). Given that more than 50 per cent of the state 's population is ST and SC, the high incidence of income poverty among them is a matter of serious concern in the state. This indicates that the good economic performance in recent years has not percolated to this socially deprived group, which is reflected in their poor performance in human development indicators. Access to drinking water In terms of access to improved drinking water sources, at the aggregate level, Chhattisgarh fared better than the national average and the SCs of the state performed better than the corresponding national average. Scheduled Tribes are marginally below the state average, but still better than the STs at the all India level. The proportion of households with access to improved sources of drinking water in 2008 -- 9 was 91 %. This proportion was over 90 % even in states like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. This was largely because these states had over 70 % of their households accessing tube wells / handpumps as sources of drinking water. Sanitation Sanitation facilities in the state are abysmally low with only about 27 per cent having toilet facilities, which is far below the all - India average of 44 %. The STs are the most deprived section in this regard with only 18 per cent of the ST households having toilet facilities, which is lower than the all India average for STs. The SCs also have a lower proportion of households with toilet facilities as compared to the all India average. States with low sanitation coverage in 2001 that improved coverage by 4 - 10 % points are ( Chhattisgarh ), Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Haryana, Sikkim, Punjab, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa and Uttarakhand registered increased coverage by more than 20 percentage points. Teledensity Across states, it has been found that teledensity ( telephone density ) was below 10 per cent in 2010 for Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, reflecting a lack of access to telephones in these relatively poorer states. But due to development of new technology the teledensity in 2017 is 68.08 per cent which shows improvement of telecom infrastructure. On the other hand, for states like Delhi and Himachal Pradesh and metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai, teledensity was over 100 per cent in 2010 implying that individuals have more than one telephone connection. Road density The road length per 100 km was less than the national average of 81 km ( 81,000 m ) per 100 km in Chhattisgarh. The rural areas of Chhattisgarh failed to meet their targets of constructing new roads under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana ( PMGSY ) plan. Demographics Population Growth Census Pop. % ± 1951 7,457,000 -- 1961 9,154,000 22.8 % 1971 11,637,000 27.1 % 1981 14,010,000 20.4 % 1991 17,615,000 25.7 % 2001 20,834,000 18.3 % 2011 25,540,198 22.6 % Source : Census of India Chhattisgarh is primarily a rural state with only 20 % of its population ( around 5.1 million people in 2011 ) residing in urban areas. According to a report by the government of India, at least 34 % are Scheduled Tribes, 12 % are Scheduled Castes and over 50 % belong to the official list of Other Backward Classes. The plains are numerically dominated by castes such as Teli, Satnami and Kurmi ; while forest areas are mainly occupied by tribes such as Gond, Halbi, Halba and Kamar / Bujia and Oraon. A large community of Bengalis has existed in major cities since the times of the British Raj. They are associated with education, industry and services. Religion Religion in Chhattisgarh ( 2011 ) Hinduism ( 93.25 % ) Islam ( 2.01 % ) Christianity ( 1.92 % ) Sikhism ( 0.27 % ) Buddhism ( 0.27 % ) Jainism ( 0.24 % ) Sarnaism or not religious ( 3.01 % ) According to the 2011 census, 93.25 % of Chhattisgarh 's population practiced Hinduism, while 2 % followed Islam, 1.92 % followed Christianity and smaller number followed Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism or other religions. Sarnaism is the indigenous religion followed by the indigenous tribes of the state. Witchcraft In order to bring about social reforms and with a view to discourage undesirable social practices, Chhattisgarh government has enacted the Chhattisgarh Tonhi Atyachar ( Niwaran ) Act, 2005 against witchery. Much has to be done on the issue of law enforcement by judicial authorities to protect women in this regard, bringing such persecution to an end. Some sections of tribal population of Chhattisgarh state believe in witchcraft. Women are believed to have access to supernatural forces and are accused of being witches ( tonhi ) often to settle personal scores. As of 2010, they are still hounded out of villages on the basis of flimsy accusations by male village sorcerers paid to do so by villagers with personal agendas, such as property and goods acquisition. According to National Geographic Channel 's investigations, those accused are fortunate if they are only verbally bullied and shunned or exiled from their village. Social Mission Against Blind Faith Religious persecution According to the Christian organization, Release International several Christians in Chhattisgarh have been attacked and killed by Hindu nationalists. Lachhu Kashap was killed and his brother, Pastor Shuduru Kashap beaten in Mandala, and several other Christians have been beaten by mobs of up to fifty people. When Chhattisgarh separated from Madhya Pradesh in 2000 it inherited anti conversion laws which were further tightened in 2007. Those wishing to convert to Christianity need to submit an official affidavit, leading to an official police investigation into their reasons for converting. Punishment for contravening the regulations can be up to three years ' prison or fines of up to 20,000 rupees. Language Main article : Chhattisgarhi language The official language of the state is Chhattisgarhi & Hindi. Chhattisgarhi is spoken and understood by the majority of people in Chhattisgarh. Among other languages, Odia is widely spoken by a significant number of Odia population in the eastern part of the state. Marathi and Telugu are also spoken in parts of Chhattishgarh. Chhattisgarhi was known as `` Khaltahi '' to the surrounding hill - people and as `` Laria '' to Odia speakers. In addition to Chhattisgarhi, there are several other languages spoken by the tribal people of the Bastar region, geographically equivalent to the former Bastar state, like Halbi, Gondi and Bhatri. Status of women Adivasi woman and child Chhattisgarh has a high female - male sex ratio ( 991 ) ranking at the 5th position among other states of India. Although this ratio is small compared to other states, it is unique in India because Chhattisgarh is -- the 10th largest state in India. The gender ratio ( number of females per 1000 males ) has been steadily declining over 20th century in Chhattisgarh. But it is conspicuous that Chhattisgarh always had a better female - to - male ratio compared with national average. Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 India 972 964 955 950 945 946 941 930 934 927 933 940 Chhattisgarh 1046 1039 1041 1043 1032 1024 1008 998 998 985 989 991 Young women in Chhattisgarh Probably, such social composition also results in some customs and cultural practices that seem unique to Chhattisgarh : The regional variants are common in India 's diverse cultural pattern. Rural women, although poor, are independent, better organized, socially outspoken. According to another local custom, women can choose to terminate a marriage relationship through a custom called chudi pahanana, if she desires. Most of the old temples and shrines here are related to ' women power ' ( e.g., Shabari, Mahamaya, Danteshwari ) and the existence of these temples gives insight into historical and current social fabric of this state. However, a mention of these progressive local customs in no way suggests that the ideology of female subservience does not exist in Chhattisgarh. On the contrary, the male authority and dominance is seen quite clearly in the social and cultural life. Detailed information on aspects of women 's status in Chhattisgarh can be found in ' A situational analysis of women and girls in Chhattisgarh ' prepared in 2004 by the National Commission of Women, a statutory body belonging to government of India. Adivasi Woman at Farasgaon Market Natives of Kamar Tribe Culture A carving in the 10th - or 11th - century Hindu temple of Malhar village. This area, 40 km from Bilaspur, was supposedly a major Buddhist center in ancient times. The state hosts many religious sects such as Satnami Panth, Kabirpanth, Ramnami Samaj and others. Champaran ( Chhattisgarh ) is a small town with religious significance as the birthplace of the Saint Vallabhacharya, increasingly important as a pilgrimage site for the Gujarati community. Chhattisgarh has a significant role in the life of lord Rama. Lord Rama along with his wife Sita and his younger brother Lakshaman had started his Vanvas ( exile ) in the Bastar region ( more precisely Dandakaranya region ) of Chhattisgarh. They lived more than 10 years of their 14 years of Vanvas in different places of Chhattisgarh. One of the remarkable place is Shivrinarayan which is nearby Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Shivrinarayan was named after an old lady Shabari. When Ram visited Shabari she said `` I do not have anything to offer other than my heart, but here are some berry fruits. May it please you, my Lord. '' Saying so, Shabari offered the fruits she had meticulously collected to Rama. When Rama was tasting them, Lakshmana raised the concern that Shabari had already tasted them and therefore unworthy of eating. To this Rama said that of the many types of food he had tasted, `` nothing could equal these berry fruits, offered with such devotion. You taste them, then alone will you know. Whomsoever offers a fruit, leaf, flower or some water with love, I partake it with great joy. '' The Odia culture is prominent in the eastern parts of Chhattisgarh bordering Odisha. Literature Chhattisgarh is a storehouse of literature, performing arts and crafts -- all of which derives its substance and sustenance from the day - to - day life experiences of its people. Religion, mythology, social and political events, nature and folklore are favourite motifs. Traditional crafts include painting, woodcarving, bell metal craft, bamboo ware and tribal jewellery. Chhattisgarh has a rich literary heritage with roots that lie deep in the sociological and historical movements of the region. Its literature reflects the regional consciousness and the evolution of an identity distinct from others in Central India. Crafts Chhattisgarh is known for `` Kosa silk '' and `` lost wax art ''. Besides saris and salwar suits, the fabric is used to create lehengas, stoles, shawls and menswear including jackets, shirts, achkans and sherwanis. Works by the internationally renowned sculptor, Sushil Sakhuja 's Dhokra Nandi, are available at government 's Shabari handicrafts emporium, Raipur. Dance Panthi, Rawat Nacha, Pandwani, Chaitra, Kaksar, Saila, Khamb - swang, Bhatra Naat, Rahas, Raai, Maao - Pata and Soowa are the several indigenous dance styles of Chhattisgarh. Panthi Panthi, the folk dance of the Satnami community, has religious overtones. Panthi is performed on Maghi Purnima, tbla the anniversary of the birth of Guru Ghasidas. The dancers dance around a jaitkhamb set up for the occasion, to songs eulogizing their spiritual head. The songs reflect a view of nirvana, conveying the spirit of their guru 's renunciation and the teachings of saint poets like Kabir, Ramdas and Dadu. Dancers with bent torsos and swinging arms dance, carried away by their devotion. As the rhythm quickens, they perform acrobatics and form human pyramids. Pandwani Pandavani is a folk ballad form performed predominantly in Chhattisgarh. It depicts the story of the Pandavas, the leading characters in the epic Mahabharata. The artists in the Pandavani narration consist of a lead artist and some supporting singers and musicians. There are two styles of narration in Pandavani, Vedamati and Kapalik. In the Vedamati style the lead artist narrates in a simple manner by sitting on the floor throughout the performance. The Kaplik style is livelier, where the narrator actually enacts the scenes and characters. Pandwani Raut Nacha Raut Nacha, the folk dance of cowherds, is a traditional dance of Yaduvanshis ( clan of Yadu ) as symbol of worship to Krishna from the 4th day of Diwali ( Goverdhan Puja ) till the time of Dev Uthani Ekadashi ( day of awakening of the gods after a brief rest ) which is the 11th day after Diwali according to the Hindu calendar. The dance closely resembles Krishna 's dance with the gopis ( milkmaids ). In Bilaspur, the Raut Nach Mahotsav folk dance festival is organized annually since 1978. Tens of hundreds of Rautt dancers from remote areas participate. Raut Nacha Soowa Nacha Soowa or Suwa tribal dance in Chhattisgarh is also known as Parrot Dance. It is a symbolic form of dancing related to worship. Dancers keep a parrot in a bamboo - pot and form a circle around it. Then performers sing and dance, moving around it with clapping. This is one of the main dance form of tribal women of Chhattisgarh. Sua Nacha at Khudmudi Village, Chhattisgarh Karma Tribal groups like Gonds, the Baigas and the Oraons in Chhattisgarh have Karma dance as part of their culture. Both men and women arrange themselves in two rows and follow the rhythmic steps, directed by the singer group. The Karma tribal dance marks the end of the rainy season and the advent of spring season. Festivals of Chhattisgarh Bastar Dussehra / Durga Puja Bastar Lokotsav Madai Festival Rajim Kumbh Mela Pakhanjore Mela ( Nara Narayan Mela ) Lata mangeshkar sang a song for Chhattisgarhi film Bhakla of Dhriti pati sarkar. Mohmd Rafi sang a song for Chhattisgarhi film. He had also sung songs for various Chhattisgarhi films like Ghardwaar, Kahi Debe Sandes, Punni Ke Chanda, etc. Theatre Theater is known as Gammat in Chhattisgarh. Pandavani is one of the lyrical forms of this theater. Several acclaimed plays of Habib Tanvir, such as Charandas Chor, are variations of Chhattisgarhi theater. Natya Samaroh by IPTA Film industry Chhollywood is Chhattisgarh 's film industries. Every year many Chhattisgarhi film produced by local producers. Traditional food Main article : Cuisine of Chhattisgarh The State of Chhattisgarh is known as the rice bowl of India and has a rich tradition of food culture. Red Velvet Mite is used as Medicine in Traditional Healing of Chhattisgarh Economy Chhattisgarh 's gross state domestic product for 2010 is estimated at INR 60,079 crore in current prices. The economy of Chhattisgarh has grown rapidly in recent years with a growth rate of 11.49 per cent in GDP for 2009 -- 2010. Chhattisgarh 's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in agriculture and industrial production. Tea production Chhattisgarh State is ranked as the 17th largest tea production state in India. The districts of Jashpur and Surguja are favorable tea production areas. In Jashpur district, the first tea plantation, Brahmnishthajaya Sogara Ashram was established under the direction of Pujya Pad Gurupad. Tea production started after two years at the Sogara Ashram. A tea processing unit was established in Sogara Ashram and the unit name set as the Aghor Tea Processing Plant. The forestry department has also started a tea plantation motivated by the Sogara Ashram. In Surguja district, a tea nursery is being developed by the Margdarshan Sansthan Agriculture College in Ambikapur, Surguja. Agriculture Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. According to a government estimate, net sown area of the state is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares. Horticulture and animal husbandry also engage a major share of the total population of the state. About 80 % of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture - based small industry. The majority of the farmers are still practicing the traditional methods of cultivation, resulting in low growth rates and productivity. The farmers have to be made aware of modern technologies suitable to their holdings. Providing adequate knowledge to the farmers is essential for better implementation of the agricultural development plans and to improve the productivity. Chloroxylon is used for Pest Management in Organic Rice Cultivation in Chhattisgarh, India Considering this and a very limited irrigated area, the productivity of not only rice but also other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now. Medicinal Rice of Chhattisgarh used as Immune Booster Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh : Aloe vera Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh : Gulbakawali Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh : Safed Musli with Arhar Agricultural products The main crops are rice, maize, kodo - kutki and other small millets and pulses ( tuar and kulthi ) ; oilseeds, such as groundnuts ( peanuts ), soybeans and sunflowers, are also grown. In the mid-1990s, most of Chhattisgarh was still a monocrop belt. Only one - fourth to one - fifth of the sown area was double - cropped. When a very substantial portion of the population is dependent on agriculture, a situation where nearly 80 % of a state 's area is covered only by one crop, immediate attention to turn them into double crop areas is needed. Also, very few cash crops are grown in Chhattisgarh, so there is a need to diversify the agriculture produce towards oilseeds and other cash crops. Chhattisgarh is also called the `` rice bowl of central India ''. Kodo Millet is used as Life Saving Medicine in Chhattisgarh, India Bastar Beer prepared from Sulfi Irrigation In Chhattisgarh, rice, the main crop, is grown on about 77 % of the net sown area. Only about 20 % of the area is under irrigation ; the rest depends on rain. Of the three agroclimatic zones, about 73 % of the Chhattisgarh plains, 97 % of the Bastar plateau and 95 % of the northern hills are rainfed. The irrigated area available for double cropping is only 87,000 ha in Chhattisgarh plains and 2300 ha in Bastar plateau and northern hills. Due to this, the productivity of rice and other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now, though agriculture is the main occupation of more than 80 % of the population. In Chhattisgarh region about 22 % of net cropped area was under irrigation as compared to 36.5 % in Madhya Pradesh in 1998 -- 99, whereas the average national irrigation was about 40 %. The irrigation is characterized by a high order of variability ranging from 1.6 % in Bastar to 75.0 % in Dhamtari. Based on an average growth trend in irrigated area, about 0.43 % additional area is brought under irrigation every year as compared to 1.89 % in Madhya Pradesh and 1.0 % in the country as a whole. Thus, irrigation has been growing at a very low rate in Chhattisgarh and the pace of irrigation is so slow, it would take about 122 years to reach the 75 % level of net irrigated area in Chhattisgarh at the present rate of growth. Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system, with dams and canals on some rivers. Average rainfall in the state is around 1400 mm and the entire state falls under the rice agroclimatic zone. Large variation in the yearly rainfall directly affects the production of rice. Irrigation is the prime need of the state for its overall development and therefore the state government has given top priority to development of irrigation. A total of four major, 33 medium and 2199 minor irrigation projects have been completed and five major, 9 medium and 312 minor projects are under construction, as of 31 March 2006. Industrial sector Power sector Chhattisgarh is one of the few states of India where the power sector is effectively developed. Based on the current production of surplus electric power, the position of the State is comfortable and profitable. The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board ( CSEB ) is in a strong position to meet the electricity requirement of the new state and is in good financial health. Chhattisgarh provides electricity to several other states because of surplus production. In Chhattisgarh, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited ( NTPC ) has Sipat Thermal Power Station with a capacity of 2,980 MW at Sipat, Bilaspur ; GMR Power in Tilda and Korba Super Thermal Power Station with a capacity of 2,600 MW at Korba, while CSEB 's units have a thermal capacity of 1,780 MW and hydel capacity of 130 MW. Apart from NTPC and CSEB, there are a number of private generation units of large and small capacity. The state government has pursued a liberal policy with regard to captive generation which has resulted in a number of private players coming up. The state has potential of 61,000 MW of additional thermal power in terms of availability of coal for more than 100 years and more than 2,500 MW hydel capacity. To use this vast potential, substantial additions to the existing generation capacity are already under way. Steel sector The steel industry is one of the biggest heavy industries of Chhattisgarh. Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai operated by SAIL, with a capacity of 5.4 million tonnes per year, is regarded as a significant growth indicator of the state. More than 100 steel rolling mills, 90 sponge iron plants and ferro - alloy units are in Chhattisgarh. Along with Bhilai, today Raipur, Bilaspur, Korba and Raigarh have become the steel hub of Chhattisgarh. Today, Raipur has become the center of the steel sector, the biggest market for steel in India. Aluminium sector The aluminium industry of Chhattisgarh was established by Bharat Aluminium Company Limited, which has a capacity of around 6 lakh tonnes each year. Natural resources Forest Forests occupy 41.33 % of the total area ( as per the latest report by the Indian Forest Service ) and the rich forest resources include wood, tendu leaves, honey and lac. Approximately 3 % is under very dense forest, 25.97 % is moderately dense, 12.28 % is open forest and 0.09 % is scrub. Flora of Kabirdham District Indian Luna Moth in Chhattisgarh Forest Ventilago in Biodiversity Rich Chhattisgarh Forest Mahua Mineral deposits Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals. It produces 20 % of the country 's total cement produce. It has the highest output of coal in the country with second highest reserves. It is third in iron ore production and first in tin production. Limestone, dolomite and bauxite are abundant. It is the only tin - ore producing state in India. Other commercially extracted minerals include corandum, garnet, quartz, marble, alexandrite and diamonds. Maikal Hills in Chhattisgarh Mineral Wealth from Chandidongri, Chhattisgarh Information and technologies In recent years, Chhattisgarh is also getting exposure in information technology ( IT ) projects and consultancy. Its government is also promoting IT and has set up a body to take care of the IT solutions. The body, known as CHIPS, is providing large IT projects such as Choice, Swan, etc. Major companies Major companies with a presence in the state include : Metal : Bhilai Steel Plant, Jindal Steel and Power, Bharat Aluminium Company Oil : Indian Oil Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Engineering : Simplex Casting Ltd, Real estate : CHPL - Dream - Homes ( Chouhan Housing Pvt Ltd. ) Mining : NMDC, South Eastern Coalfields Power : NTPC, Lanco Infratech, KSK Energy Ventures, Vandana Vidyut, Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company, Jindal Power Limited. Exports Chhattisgarh 's total exports were US $353.3 million in 2009 - 10. Nearly 75 % of exports comes from Bhilai and the remaining from Urla, Bhanpuri and Sirgitti. The major exports products include steel, handicrafts, handlooms, blended yarn, food and agri - products, iron, aluminium, cement, minerals and engineering products. CSIDC ( Chhattisgarh State Industrial Development Corporation Limited ) is the nodal agency of the Government of Chhattisgarh for export promotion in the state. Tourism Main article : Tourism in Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh, situated in the heart of India, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The state is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, water falls, caves, rock paintings and hill plateaus. There are many Waterfalls, hot springs, caves, temples, dams and National parks and wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh. Education Main article : Education in Chhattisgarh See also : List of institutions of higher education in Chhattisgarh According to the census of 2011, Chhattisgarh 's literacy, the most basic indicator of education was at 71.04 percent. Female literacy is at 60.59 percent. Absolute literates and literacy rate Data from Census of India, 2011. Description 2001 census 2011 census Total 20,833,803 25,540,196 Male 10,474,218 12,827,915 Female 10,359,585 12,712,281 % Total 64.66 71.04 % Male 77.38 81.45 % Female 55.85 60.59 Media and communications English daily newspapers Central Chronicle Hindustan Times The Hitavada The Statesman Times of India Hindi daily newspapers Dainik Bhaskar Deshbandhu Haribhumi Nai Dunia Navabharat Patrika Utkal Mail Telecommunications Airtel, Aircel, BSNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance Mobile, Tata Docomo, Vodafone, Videocon, Jio Television Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Reliance Digital TV, TATA Sky, Videocon D2H Radio All India Radio 94.3 MYFM Radio Rangeela Radio Mirchi Radio Tadka See also Geography portal Asia portal South Asia portal India portal Chhattisgarh portal Outline of Chhattisgarh List of people from Chhattisgarh Outline of India Bibliography of India Index of India - related articles India -- Wikipedia book Notes Jump up ^ `` 50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India '' ( PDF ). 16 July 2014. p. 109. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh State -- Power Hub ''. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh - Steel ''. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011. ^ Jump up to : http://cgfinance.nic.in/Rules%20&%20Act/Reorganisation%20Act-2000/Reorganisation%20Act,2000(English).PDF ^ Jump up to : Chhattisgarh profile - Know all you want to know about state Jump up ^ `` Google Maps ''. Google Maps. Retrieved 6 December 2015. ^ Jump up to : Srivastava, K.K. ( 2011 ). Decentralized Governance And Panchayati Raj. Gyan Publishing House. p. 164. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7835 - 910 - 6. Jump up ^ Dr. Bhagvan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas ( A History of Chhattisgarh -- in Hindi ), Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy, Bhopal ( M.P. ), 4th edition ( 2003 ), p. 7 Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh Highest Peak : Latest Chhattisgarh Highest Peak News in Hindi - Naidunia ''. naidunia.jagran.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017. Jump up ^ Pragati Infosoft Pvt. Ltd. `` Chhattisgarh Climate, Climate of Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh Temperature, Temperature of Chhattisgarh ''. Chhattisgarhonline.in. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2011. Jump up ^ `` South East Central Railways ''. South East Central Railway. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` Department of Commerce & Industry Chhattisgarh ''. Government of Chhattisgarh. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` Proposed new rail line to bring Mumbai, Kolkata closer ''. Business Standard. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Jump up ^ PTI. `` Chhattisgarh govt to form JV firm with railway ministry ''. http://www.livemint.com/. External link in work = ( help ) Jump up ^ Bagchi, Suvojit ( 8 November 2012 ). `` Pranab hopes Raipur airport 's new terminal will support Chhattisgarh 's growth ''. Chennai, India : The Hindu. Retrieved 22 April 2013. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh 's second airport worth Rs 2,800 million in Raigarh soon ''. The Times of India. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013. Jump up ^ Dimensions of Human Cultures in Central India by Professor S.K. Tiwari p. 161 Jump up ^ Dimensions of Human Cultures in Central India : by Professor S.K. Tiwari p. 163 Jump up ^ Tribal Roots of Hinduism by Shiv Kumar Tiwari p. 209 Jump up ^ http://cgfinance.nic.in/FSFC/State%20Finance%20Report/English/Chap-4.pdf ^ Jump up to : `` Prithak Chhattisgarh ''. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh ''. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner. 18 March 2007. Retrieved 23 July 2008. Jump up ^ Gandhi, Ankita ; et al. ( 2011 ). India Human Development Report 2011 : Towards Social Inclusion ( 1st ed. ). New Delhi : Institute of Applied Manpower Research, Planning Commission, Govt. of India. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 807758 - 9. Retrieved 26 October 2015. first2 = missing last2 = in Authors list ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Indicus Analytics : The real dirty picture ''. Business-standard.com. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2013. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived 5 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Completed Roads ( CGRRDA ) ''. cgrrda.gov.in. Jump up ^ `` Census Population '' ( PDF ). Census of India. Ministry of Finance India. Retrieved 18 December 2008. Jump up ^ `` States Census 2011 ''. Census of India. Ministry of Finance India. Retrieved 18 August 2015. Jump up ^ `` NCW Report, page 4 '' ( PDF ). National Commission of Women, Government of India. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Population by religion community -- 2011 ''. Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Jump up ^ `` Dark Spell ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` India : Protective Laws Fall Short for Women Charged with Witchcraft ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ Release International magazine Jan Feb 2017 page 5 - 7 Jump up ^ Gajrani, S. ( 13 September 2017 ). `` History, Religion and Culture of India ''. Gyan Publishing House. Retrieved 13 September 2017 -- via Google Books. Jump up ^ http://kanker.gov.in/art.html Jump up ^ `` District - Bastar, Chhattishgarh ''. bastar.gov.in. Retrieved 13 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Language in India ''. www.languageinindia.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` BASTAR REGION ''. www.cmijag.in. Retrieved 13 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh, At a glance '' ( PDF ). Census 2011, Ministry of Home Affair, India. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Social Structure in Chhattisgarh ''. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Panthi Dance ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Pandawani ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Rawat Nacha Traditions ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Raut nacha ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Rawat nacha mahotsva ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Suwa Dance ''. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Arts and Culture of Chhattisgarh ''. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Karma Tribal Dance in India ''. Retrieved 27 July 2011. Jump up ^ Oudhia, P. ( 1999 ) Chhattisgarh farmer 's response on control of weeds in direct seeded rice. Agril. Sci. Digest. 19 ( 4 ) : 261 - 263. Jump up ^ Das, G.K. and Oudhia, P. ( 2001 ). Rice as medicinal plant in Chhattisgarh ( India ) : A survey. Agric. Sci. Digest. 21 ( 3 ) : 204 - 205. Jump up ^ Oudhia, P. ( 2002 ). Rice - Acorus intercropping : A new system developed by innovative farmers of Chhattisgarh ( India ). International Rice Research Notes ( IRRN ). 27 ( 1 ) : 56. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh ''. mapsofindia.com. Jump up ^ http://www.indiawaterportal.org/sites/indiawaterportal.org/files/Farmers_groups_conserve_traditional_rice_varieties_in_Bastar_region_of_Chhattisgarh.pdf Jump up ^ `` Which of the following district is called as the `` Rice Bowl of Andhra Pradesh '' ? ``. gktoday.in. Jump up ^ `` Chhattisgarh 's GDP growth highest in 2009 -- 10 ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Agriculture in Chhattisgarh ''. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Economy of Chhattisgarh ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. ^ Jump up to : http://nhm.nic.in/ActionPlan/ActionPlan_Chhattisgarh.pdf Jump up ^ Oudhia, P. ( 1999 ) Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. on germination of soybean. Legume Research 22 ( 4 ) : 273 - 274. Jump up ^ Oudhia, P. ( 2000 ). Positive ( inhibitory ) allelopathic effects of some obnoxious weeds on germination and seedling vigour of pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L. ). Research on Crops. 1 ( 1 ) : 116 - 118. Jump up ^ Oudhia, P. ( 2001 ). Stimulatory allelopathic effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on soybean. Agric. Sci. Digest. 21 ( 1 ) : 55 - 56. ^ Jump up to : `` Power Sector in Chhattisgarh ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Industries in Chhattisgarh ''. Retrieved 22 July 2011. Jump up ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/Chhattishgarh/2.%20Chhattishgarh%20Figures%20at%20a%20glance.pdf References Books on Chhattisgarh ड़ा. संजय अलंग - छत्तीसगढ़ की जनजातियाँ Tribes और जातियाँ Castes ( मानसी पब्लीकेशन, दिल्ली 6, ISBN 978 - 81 - 89559 - 32 - 8 ) ड़ा. संजय अलंग - छत्तीसगढ़ की पूर्व रियासतें और जमीन्दारियाँ ( वैभव प्रकाशन, रायपुर 1, ISBN 81 - 89244 - 96 - 5 ) https://www.scribd.com/doc/72030961/Dr-Sanjay-Alung-CG-Ki-Riyaste-Jamindariya-Hindi Deshbandhu Publication Division, `` सन्दर्भ छत्तीसगढ़ '' Deshbandhu Publication Division, `` छत्तीसगढ़ के तीर्थ और पर्यटन स्थल '' Deshbandhu Publication Division, `` Chhattisgarh : Beautiful & Bountiful ( Study in Biodiversity of Chhattisgarh ) '' Ramesh Dewangan & Sunil Tuteja, `` Chhattisgarh Samagra '' C.K. Chandrakar, `` Chhattisgarhi Shabadkosh ''... C.K. Chandrakar, `` Manak Chhattisgarhi Vyakaran '' C.K. Chandrakar, `` Chhattisgarhi Muhawara Kosh '' Lawrence Babb, `` The Divine Hierarchy : Popular Hinduism in Central India '' Saurabh Dube, `` Untouchable Pasts : Religion, Identity and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780 -- 1950 '' ( on the Satnamis ) Ramdas Lamb, `` Rapt in the Name : Ramnamis, Ramnam and Untouchable Religion in Central India '' Chad Bauman, `` Identifying the Satnam : Hindu Satnamis, Indian Christians and Dalit Religion in Colonial Chhattisgarh, India ( 1868 -- 1947 ) ( Ph. D. dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary, 2005 ) `` List of books by Prof H.L. Shukla External links Find more aboutChhattisgarhat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Learning resources from Wikiversity Government The Official Site of the Government of Chhattisgarh General information Chhattisgarh Encyclopædia Britannica entry Chhattisgarh at DMOZ Geographic data related to Chhattisgarh at OpenStreetMap Places adjacent to Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Maharashtra Chhattisgarh Odisha Telangana Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh State of Chhattisgarh Capital : Raipur ( Legislative ) Naya Raipur ( Administrative ) Governance Legislature Chief Ministers Governors Raj Bhavan High Court Police Topics Education Election Language Music People Highest point Districts Balod Baloda Bazar Balrampur Bastar Bemetara Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Gariaban Janjgir -- Champa Jashpur Kawardha Kanker Kondagaon Korba Koriya Mahasamund Mungeli Narayanpur Raigarh Raipur Rajnandgaon Sukma Surajpur Surguja Cities Ambikapur Bhilai Bilaspur Charoda Dhamtari Durg Jagdalpur Korba Naya Raipur Raipur Raigarh Rajnandgaon Chhattisgarh States and union territories of India States Arunachal Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli National Capital Territory of Delhi Daman and Diu Lakshadweep Puducherry Capitals in India Proposed states and territories Historical Regions British Provinces Hindu temples in Chhattisgarh Bambleshwari Temple Bhoramdeo Temple Danteshwari Temple Ganga Maiya Kudargarh Mahamaya Temple Barfani dham VIAF : 236125996 GND : 4670233 - 7 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhattisgarh&oldid=803692602 '' Categories : Chhattisgarh States and territories of India States and territories established in 2000 2000 establishments in India Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from March 2017 CS1 errors : external links CS1 errors : missing author or editor Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2015 Webarchive template wayback links Articles needing additional references from August 2017 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from October 2016 Use Indian English from May 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2017 Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Acèh অসমীয়া تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ भोजपुरी Български བོད ་ ཡིག Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Dolnoserbski Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Français Gaeilge ગુજરાતી गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 한국어 हिन्दी Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Íslenska Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული कॉशुर / کٲشُر Kiswahili لۊری شومالی Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar मैथिली Македонски മലയാളം मराठी მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands नेपाली नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ पालि پنجابی پښتو Polski Português Română Русский संस्कृतम् Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt Winaray ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 中文 डोटेली Edit links This page was last edited on 4 October 2017, at 01 : 27. 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Question: city of central india capital of the state of chhattisgarh
Answer: Raipur