Abigail - wikipedia Abigail This article is about the wife of King David. For more information on the name `` Abigail '', see Abigail ( name ). For other uses, see Abigail ( disambiguation ). See also : Avigayil David and Abigail by Antonio Molinari Abigail ( Hebrew : אֲבִיגַיִל ‬, Avigayil ) was the wife of Nabal ; she became a wife of the future King David after Nabal 's death ( 1 Samuel 25 ). Abigail was David 's third wife, after Saul 's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish when David went into hiding, and Ahinoam. She became the mother of one of David 's sons, who is listed in the Book of Chronicles under the name Daniel, in the Masoretic Text of the Books of Samuel as Chileab, and in the Septuagint text of 2 Samuel 3 : 3 as Δαλουια, Dalouia. Her name is spelled Abigal in 2 Samuel 17 : 25 in the American Standard Version and Ab'igal in the Revised Standard Version, Prudent Abigail by Juan Antonio Escalante Contents 1 Name 2 Biblical history 3 Generic use 4 In art 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links Name Derived from the word ab, `` father '', and the root g-y-l, `` to rejoice, '' the name Abigail has a variety of possible meanings including `` my father 's joy '' and the like. Biblical history In 1 Samuel 25, Nabal demonstrates ingratitude towards David, and Abigail attempts to placate David in order to stop the future King from taking revenge. She gives him food, and speaks to him, urging him not to `` have on his conscience the staggering burden of needless bloodshed '' ( verse 31, NIV ) and reminding him that God will make him a `` lasting dynasty '' ( verse 28 ). Jon Levenson calls this an `` undeniable adumbration '' of Nathan 's prophecy in 2 Samuel 7. Alice Bach notes that Abigail pronounces a `` crucial prophecy, '' and the Talmud regards her as one of the Tanakh 's seven female prophets. Levenson, however, suggests that she `` senses the drift of history '' from intelligence rather than from special revelation. After Abigail reveals to Nabal what she has done, `` Yahweh struck Nabal and he died, '' ( v. 38 ), after which David married her. Abigail is described as intelligent and beautiful. The Talmud amplifies this idea, mentioning her as being one of the `` four women of surpassing beauty in the world, '' ( the other three being Rahab, Sarah, and Esther ). As the wife of the wealthy Nabal, she is also a woman of high socioeconomic status. Whether David married her because he was attracted to her, or as an astute political move, or both is unclear. Abigail and David 's second wife, Ahinoam the Jezreelite, accompany David and his war band as they seek refuge in Philistine territory. While David and his men are encamped near Jezreel, they are captured by Amalekites who raided the town of Ziglak and carried off the women and children. David led the pursuit, and they were subsequently rescued. Both wives then settle with David in Hebron, where Abigail gives birth to David 's second son, Chileab ( also called Daniel ). Abigail is also listed as one of the seven Jewish women prophets, the other six being Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Sarah, Huldah, and Esther. In terms of her moral character, Abraham Kuyper argues that Abigail 's conduct indicates `` a most appealing character and unwavering faith, '' but Alice Bach regards her as subversive. Adele Berlin contrasts the story of Abigail with that of Bathsheba. In one, the wife prevents David from murdering her foolish and greedy husband. In the second, David orders the murder of a good man because he desires his wife. `` In the Abigail story, David, the potential king, is seen as increasingly strong and virtuous, whereas in the Bathsheba story, the reigning monarch shows his flaws ever more overtly and begins to lose control of his family. '' Levenson and Halpern suggest that Abigail may, in fact, also be the same person as Abigail, mother of Amasa. Richard M. Davidson, however, points out that `` on the basis of the final form of Old Testament canon, references to Abigail in the biblical accounts indicate two different individuals. '' Generic use Abigail 's self - styling as a handmaid led to Abigail being the traditional term for a waiting - woman, for example as the waiting gentlewoman in Beaumont and Fletcher 's The Scornful Lady, published in 1616. Jonathan Swift and Henry Fielding use Abigail in this generic sense, as does Charlotte Brontë. Anthony Trollope makes two references to the abigail ( all lower case ) in The Eustace Diamonds, at the beginning of Chapter 42, whilst Thomas Mann makes the same reference at the start of the second chapter of Part 2 in Buddenbrooks ( published in 1901 ). William Rose Benet notes the notoriety of Abigail Hill, better known as `` Mrs Masham '', a lady - in - waiting to Queen Anne. George MacDonald Fraser makes mention of `` an abigail fussing about the room '' in his novel Flashman from The Flashman Papers series. In Art Abigail is a featured figure on Judy Chicago 's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented in one of the 999 tiles of the Heritage Floor. Notes References Jump up ^ Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. ( 2010 ). `` Abigail ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. I : A-ak Bayes ( 15th ed. ). Chicago, IL : Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. p. 32. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59339 - 837 - 8. Jump up ^ 2 Samuel 3 : 3 Jump up ^ 2 Samuel 3, LXX Jump up ^ `` my father 's joy '', `` my father rejoices '', `` my father is joy '' ( or similar ) ; from either the verbal root g-y-l `` to rejoice '' directly, or from the root noun gil `` rejoicing, joy ''. See : Adele Berlin in : Carol L. Meyers, Toni Craven, Ross Shepard Kraemer ( eds. ), Women in Scripture : A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal / Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000, p. 43 ^ Jump up to : Jon D. Levenson, `` 1 Samuel 25 as Literature and History, '' CBQ 40 ( 1978 ) 20. Jump up ^ Alice Bach, `` The Pleasure of Her Text Archived 2011 - 06 - 29 at the Wayback Machine., '' Union Seminary Quarterly Review 43 ( 1989 ) 44. Jump up ^ Megillah 14a Archived 2010 - 11 - 24 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : Berlin, Adele. `` Abigail : Bible '', Jewish Women 's Archive Jump up ^ Megillah 15a Archived 2010 - 11 - 24 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Abraham Kuyper, Women of the Old Testament ( Grand Rapids : Zondervan, 1941 ), 106. Jump up ^ Alice Bach, `` The Pleasure of Her Text Archived 2011 - 06 - 29 at the Wayback Machine., '' Union Seminary Quarterly Review 43 ( 1989 ) 41. Jump up ^ Jon D. Levenson and Baruch Halpern, `` The Political Import of David 's Marriages, '' JBL 99 ( 1980 ) 511 -- 512. Jump up ^ Davidson, Richard M. ( 2007 ). Flame of Yahweh : A Theology of Sexuality in the Old Testament. Hendrickson. p. 444. Jump up ^ 1 Samuel 25 : 25 and following Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Abigail ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. p. 62. Jump up ^ The Reader 's Encyclopedia, 1948, s.v. `` Abigail ''. Jump up ^ `` Abigail ''. Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art : The Dinner Party : Heritage Floor : Abigail. Brooklyn Museum. 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2011. Jump up ^ Chicago, 69. Bibliography Chicago, Judy. The Dinner Party : From Creation to Preservation. London : Merrell ( 2007 ). ISBN 1 - 85894 - 370 - 1. External links Media related to David and Abigail at Wikimedia Commons Prophets in the Hebrew Bible Pre-Patriarchal Abel Kenan Enoch Noah ( in rabbinic literature ) Patriarchs / Matriarchs Abraham Isaac Jacob Levi Joseph Sarah Rebecca Rachel Leah Israelite prophets in the Torah Moses ( in rabbinic literature ) Aaron Miriam Eldad and Medad Phinehas Mentioned in the Former Prophets Joshua Deborah Gideon Eli Elkanah Hannah Abigail Samuel Gad Nathan David Solomon Jeduthun Ahijah Shemaiah Elijah Elisha Iddo Hanani Jehu Micaiah Jahaziel Eliezer Zechariah ben Jehoiada Huldah Major Isaiah ( in rabbinic literature ) Jeremiah Ezekiel Daniel ( in rabbinic literature ) Minor Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah ( in rabbinic literature ) Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Noahide Beor Balaam Job ( in rabbinic literature ) Other Amoz Beeri Baruch Agur Uriah Buzi Mordecai Esther ( in rabbinic literature ) Oded Azariah Italics indicate persons whose status as prophets is not universally accepted. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abigail&oldid=826454129 '' Categories : Prophets of the Hebrew Bible 10th - century BC women 11th - century BC women Books of Samuel Wives of David Women in the Hebrew Bible Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Articles containing Hebrew - language text Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Català Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kiswahili മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Українська 中文 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 February 2018, at 05 : 30. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: who is married to abigail in the bible
Answer: the wife of Nabal; she became a wife of the future King David after Nabal's death