On - base plus slugging - wikipedia On - base plus slugging hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( July 2013 ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2013 ) On - base plus slugging ( OPS ) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player 's on - base percentage and slugging average. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of. 900 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark. Contents 1 Equation 2 Interpretation of OPS 3 An OPS scale 4 History 5 Leaders 6 Adjusted OPS ( OPS+ ) 6.1 Leaders in OPS+ 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References Equation The basic equation is O P S = O B P + S L G ( displaystyle OPS = OBP + SLG , ) where OBP is on - base percentage and SLG is slugging average. These averages are defined S L G = T B A B ( displaystyle SLG = ( \frac ( TB ) ( AB ) ) ) and O B P = H + B B + H B P A B + B B + S F + H B P ( displaystyle OBP = ( \frac ( H + BB + HBP ) ( AB + BB + SF + HBP ) ) ) where : H = hits BB = bases on balls HBP = times hit by pitch AB = at bats SF = sacrifice flies TB = total bases In one equation, OPS can be represented as : O P S = A B ∗ ( H + B B + H B P ) + T B ∗ ( A B + B B + S F + H B P ) A B ∗ ( A B + B B + S F + H B P ) ( displaystyle OPS = ( \frac ( AB * ( H + BB + HBP ) + TB * ( AB + BB + SF + HBP ) ) ( AB * ( AB + BB + SF + HBP ) ) ) ) Interpretation of OPS OPS does not present a complete picture of a player 's offensive contributions. OPS does not consider such factors as baserunning, basestealing, and the leverage / timeliness of performance. More expansive sabermetric measurements do attempt to incorporate some or all of the above mentioned factors. Nonetheless, even though it does not include them, OPS correlates quite well with team run scoring. Other sabermetric stats, such as runs created and Wins Above Replacement, attempt to express a player 's contribution directly in terms of runs and / or wins. However, a player 's OPS does not have a simple intrinsic meaning. OPS is a convenient but controversial measurement. OPS weighs on - base percentage and slugging average equally. However, on - base percentage correlates better with scoring runs. Statistics such as wOBA build on this distinction using linear weights. Additionally, the components of OPS are not typically equal ( league - average slugging percentages are usually 75 -- 100 points higher than league - average on - base percentages ). As a point of reference, the OPS for all of Major League Baseball in 2008 was. 749. An OPS scale Bill James, in his essay titled `` The 96 Families of Hitters '' uses seven different categories for classification by OPS : Category Classification OPS Range Great. 9000 and Higher Very Good. 8334 to. 8999 Above Average. 7667 to. 8333 Average. 7000 to. 7666 Below Average. 6334 to. 6999 Poor. 5667 to. 6333 Very Poor. 5666 and Lower This effectively transforms OPS into a 7 - point ordinal scale. Substituting quality labels such as Excellent ( A ), Very Good ( B ), Good ( C ), Average ( D ), Fair ( E ), Poor ( F ) and Very Poor ( G ) for the A -- G categories creates a subjective reference for OPS values. History On - base plus slugging was first popularized in 1984 by John Thorn and Pete Palmer 's book, The Hidden Game of Baseball. The New York Times then began carrying the leaders in this statistic in its weekly `` By the Numbers '' box, a feature that continued for four years. Baseball journalist Peter Gammons used and evangelized the statistic, and other writers and broadcasters picked it up. The popularity of OPS gradually spread, and by 2004 it began appearing on Topps baseball cards. OPS was formerly sometimes known as `` Production. '' For instance, in early versions of Thorn 's Total Baseball encyclopedia, and in the Strat - O - Matic computer baseball game. This term has fallen out of use. OPS gained in popularity because team average OPS correlates well with team runs scored. However, it is not mathematically legitimate to use this correlation to assume that individual OPS correlates as well with individual runs created, nor is it legitimate to assume that individual OBP ( On Base Percentage ) correlates well with individual runs created. Unfortunately, there is no simple way to measure individual runs created. Leaders The top twenty Major League Baseball players in lifetime OPS, with at least 3,000 plate appearances through the end of the 2016 season and halfway through 2017 season, are : Babe Ruth, 1.1636 Ted Williams, 1.1155 Lou Gehrig, 1.0798 Barry Bonds, 1.0512 Jimmie Foxx, 1.0376 Hank Greenberg, 1.0169 Rogers Hornsby, 1.0103 Manny Ramírez, 0.9960 Mark McGwire, 0.9823 Mike Trout, 0.9784 Mickey Mantle, 0.9773 Joe DiMaggio, 0.9771 Stan Musial, 0.9757 Frank Thomas, 0.9740 Joey Votto, 0.9682 Larry Walker, 0.9654 Johnny Mize, 0.9591 Jim Thome, 0.9560 Todd Helton, 0.9531 Miguel Cabrera, 0.9510 The top four were all left - handed batters. Jimmie Foxx has the highest career OPS for a right - handed batter. Source : Baseball-Reference.com - Career Leaders & Records for OPS The top ten single - season performances in MLB are ( all left - handed hitters ) : Barry Bonds, 1.4217 ( 2004 ) Barry Bonds, 1.3807 ( 2002 ) Babe Ruth, 1.3791 ( 1920 ) Barry Bonds, 1.3785 ( 2001 ) Babe Ruth, 1.3586 ( 1921 ) Babe Ruth, 1.3089 ( 1923 ) Ted Williams, 1.2875 ( 1941 ) Barry Bonds, 1.2778 ( 2003 ) Babe Ruth, 1.2582 ( 1927 ) Ted Williams, 1.2566 ( 1957 ) The highest single - season mark for a right - handed hitter was 1.2449 by Rogers Hornsby in 1935, 13th on the all - time list. Since 1935, the highest single - season OPS for a right - hander is 1.2224 by Mark McGwire in 1998, which was 16th all - time. Source : Baseball-Reference.com - Single - Season Records for OPS Adjusted OPS ( OPS+ ) OPS+, Adjusted OPS, is a closely related statistic. OPS+ is OPS adjusted for the park and the league in which the player played, but not for fielding position. An OPS+ of 100 is defined to be the league average. An OPS+ of 150 or more is excellent and 125 very good, while an OPS+ of 75 or below is poor. The basic equation for OPS+ is O P S + = 100 ∗ ( O B P ∗ l g O B P + S L G ∗ l g S L G − 1 ) ( displaystyle OPS+ = 100 * ( ( \frac ( OBP ) ( * lgOBP ) ) + ( \frac ( SLG ) ( * lgSLG ) ) - 1 ) ) where * lgOBP is the park adjusted OBP of the league ( not counting pitchers hitting ) and * lgSLG is the park adjusted SLG of the league. A common misconception is that OPS+ closely matches the ratio of a player 's OPS to that of the league. In fact, due to the additive nature of the two components in OPS+, a player with an OBP and SLG both 50 % better than league average in those metrics will have an OPS+ of 200 ( twice the league average OPS+ ) while still having an OPS that is only 50 % better than the average OPS of the league. It would be a better ( although not exact ) approximation to say that a player with an OPS+ of 150 produces 50 % more runs, in a given set of plate appearances, as a player with an OPS+ of 100 ( though see clarification above, under `` History '' ). Leaders in OPS+ Through the end of the 2017 season, the career top twenty leaders in OPS+ ( minimum 3,000 plate appearances ) were : 1. Babe Ruth, 206 2. Ted Williams, 190 3. Barry Bonds, 182 4. Lou Gehrig, 179 5. Rogers Hornsby, 175 6. Mike Trout, 174 7. Mickey Mantle, 172 8. Dan Brouthers, 171 9. Joe Jackson, 170 10. Ty Cobb, 168 11. Pete Browning, Jimmie Foxx, Mark McGwire, 163 14. Dave Orr, 162 15. Stan Musial, 159 16. Hank Greenberg, Johnny Mize, Joey Votto 158 19. Tris Speaker, 157 20. Dick Allen, Willie Mays, Frank Thomas 156 Source : Baseball-Reference.com - Career Leaders & Records for Adjusted OPS+. The only purely right - handed batters to appear on this list are Hornsby, Foxx, Trout, and McGwire. Mantle is the only switch - hitter in the group. The highest single - season performances were : Barry Bonds, 268 ( 2002 ) Barry Bonds, 263 ( 2004 ) Barry Bonds, 259 ( 2001 ) Fred Dunlap, 258 ( 1884 ) * Babe Ruth, 256 ( 1920 ) Babe Ruth, 239 ( 1921 ) Babe Ruth, 239 ( 1923 ) Ted Williams, 235 ( 1941 ) Ted Williams, 233 ( 1957 ) Ross Barnes, 231 ( 1876 ) * * Barry Bonds, 231 ( 2003 ) Source : Baseball-Reference.com - Single - Season Leaders & Records for Adjusted OPS+ * - Fred Dunlap 's historic 1884 season came in the Union Association, which some baseball experts consider not to be a true major league. * * - Ross Barnes may have been aided by a rule that made a bunt fair if it first rolled in fair territory. He did not play nearly so well when this rule was removed, although injuries may have been mostly to blame, as his fielding statistics similarly declined. If Dunlap 's and Barnes ' seasons were to be eliminated from the list, two other Ruth seasons ( 1926 and 1927 ) would be on the list. This would also eliminate the only right - handed batter in the list, Barnes. See also Baseball portal On - base percentage Slugging percentage Sabermetrics Gross Production Average Notes Jump up ^ See www.baseballprospectus.com or rec. sport. baseball. Jump up ^ Lewis, Michael. Moneyball : The Art of Winning an Unfair Game, 2003. Jump up ^ `` 2008 Major League Baseball Standard Batting - Baseball-Reference.com ''. Baseball-Reference.com. Jump up ^ James, Bill. The 96 Families of Hitters. The Bill James Gold Mine, 2009, p. 24. Jump up ^ John Thorn and Pete Palmer, The Hidden Game of Baseball, pp. 69 - 70. Jump up ^ Alan Schwarz, The Numbers Game, pp. 165, 233. References Thorn, John ; Pete Palmer ( 1984 ). The Hidden Game of Baseball. Doubleday & Company. ISBN 0 - 385 - 18283 - X. Schwarz, Alan ( 2004 ). The Numbers Game. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0 - 312 - 32222 - 4. hide Baseball statistics Batting Batting average On - base percentage Slugging percentage Hit Single Double Triple Home run Extra-base hit Grand slam Total bases RBI Game - winning RBI Walk Bunt Sacrifice bunt Sacrifice fly On - base plus slugging Times on base Walk - to - strikeout ratio Walk percentage Base running Run Stolen base Stolen base percentage Caught stealing Pitching Win -- loss record Innings pitched Pitchers of record Save Hold Run Earned ERA Strikeout Walk Perfect game No - hitter WHIP BB / 9 K / 9 Quality start Complete game Shutout Wild pitch Strikeout - to - walk ratio Fielding Fielding percentage Assist Putout Error Fielder 's choice Defensive indifference Passed ball Sabermetrics Adjusted ERA+ Base runs Batting park factor Catcher 's ERA Defensive Runs Saved Extrapolated Runs Game score Isolated Power Range factor Runs created Secondary average Speed Score NERD Out of zone plays made Ultimate zone rating Weighted on - base average Wins Above Replacement Win probability added Win Shares Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On-base_plus_slugging&oldid=854760540 '' Categories : Batting statistics Hidden categories : Articles that may contain original research from July 2013 All articles that may contain original research Articles needing additional references from July 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français 한국어 日本 語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018, at 15 : 58 ( UTC ). 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Question: in baseball statistics what does opie s stand for
Answer: On-base plus slugging