Dermis - wikipedia Dermis Dermis Cross-section of human skin Cross section of skin under the microscope Details Part of Skin Identifiers MeSH D020405 TA A16. 0.00. 010 TH H3. 12.00. 1.03001 FMA 70323 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis ( with which it makes up the cutis ) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells. Contents 1 Structure 2 Layers 2.1 Papillary dermis 2.2 Reticular dermis 2.3 Dermal papillae 3 See also 4 References Structure The dermis is composed of three major types of cells : fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen ( which provides strength ), elastin ( which provides elasticity ), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel - like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans ( most notably hyaluronan ), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. Layers Illustration of dermal circulation and layers Papillary dermis The papillary dermis is the uppermost layer of the dermis. It intertwines with the rete ridges of the epidermis and is composed of fine and loosely arranged collagen fibers. The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. This is named for its fingerlike projections called papillae, that extend toward the epidermis and contain either terminal networks of blood capillaries or tactile Meissner 's corpuscles. Reticular dermis The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers. The reticular region is usually much thicker than the overlying papillary dermis. It receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Within the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. The orientation of collagen fibers within the reticular dermis creates lines of tension called Langer 's lines, which are of some relevance in surgery and wound healing. Dermal papillae Dermal papillae Papilla of the hand, treated with acetic acid. Magnified 350 times. A. Side view of a papilla of the hand. a. Cortical layer. b. Tactile corpuscle. c. Small nerve of the papilla, with neurolemma. d. Its two nervous fibers running in spiral coils around the tactile corpuscle. e. Apparent termination of one of these fibers. B. Tactile papilla seen from above so as to show its transverse section. a. Cortical layer. b. Nerve fiber. c. Outer layer of the tactile body, with nuclei. d. Clear interior substance. Details Identifiers Latin papillae dermis MeSH D020405 TA A16. 0.00. 010 TH H3. 12.00. 1.03001 FMA 70323 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The dermal papillae ( DP ) ( singular papilla, diminutive of Latin papula, ' pimple ' ) are small, nipple - like extensions ( or interdigitations ) of the dermis into the epidermis. At the surface of the skin in hands and feet, they appear as epidermal or papillary ridges ( colloquially known as fingerprints ). Blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourish all hair follicles and bring nutrients and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are partly genetically determined features that develop before birth. They remain substantially unaltered ( except in size ) throughout life, and therefore determine the patterns of fingerprints, making them useful in certain functions of personal identification. The dermal papillae are part of the uppermost layer of the dermis, the papillary dermis, and the ridges they form greatly increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis. Because the main function of the dermis is to support the epidermis, this greatly increases the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between these two layers. Additionally, the increase in surface area prevents the dermal and epidermal layers from separating from each other by strengthening the junction between them. With age, the papillae tend to flatten and sometimes increase in number. Dermal papillae also play a pivotal role in hair formation, growth and cycling. In mucous membranes, the equivalent structures to dermal papillae are generally termed `` connective tissue papillae '', which interdigitate with the rete pegs of the superficial epithelium. See also List of cutaneous conditions References Jump up ^ James, William ; Berger, Timothy ; Elston, Dirk ( 2005 ). Andrews ' Diseases of the Skin : Clinical Dermatology ( 10th ed. ). Saunders. Pages 1, 11 -- 12. ISBN 0 - 7216 - 2921 - 0. ^ Jump up to : Marks, James G ; Miller, Jeffery ( 2006 ). Lookingbill and Marks ' Principles of Dermatology ( 4th ed. ). Elsevier Inc. Page 8 -- 9. ISBN 1 - 4160 - 3185 - 5. ^ Jump up to : The Ageing Skin - Structure Jump up ^ http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/vsc422/secure/VSC422AppledHistologyLabHandout.pdf Jump up ^ Ross M, Pawlina W ( 2011 ). Histology : A Text and Atlas ( 6th ed. ). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 498. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7817 - 7200 - 6. Jump up ^ `` Dermal papillae ''. Probert Encyclopaedia. Retrieved February 2010. Check date values in : accessdate = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Friction Skin ''. Ridges and Furrows. Retrieved February 2010. Check date values in : accessdate = ( help ) Jump up ^ Lin, Chang - min ; et al. ( October 2008 ). `` Microencapsulated human hair dermal papilla cells : a substitute for dermal papilla ? ''. Archives of Dermatological Research. Springer. 300 ( 9 ) : 531 -- 535. doi : 10.1007 / s00403 - 008 - 0852 - 3. Skin and related structures Skin Epidermis Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Basement membrane Basal keratinocyte Lamina lucida Lamina densa Dermis Papillary Dermal papillae Reticular Subcutaneous tissue Panniculus / Pannus ( Panniculus adiposus Panniculus carnosus ) Membranous layer Loose connective tissue Superficial fascia Adnexa Skin glands Sweat glands : Apocrine sweat gland Eccrine sweat gland Sebaceous Hair Root sheath Outer root sheath Inner root sheath Henle 's layer Huxley 's layer Hair shaft Cuticle Cortex Medulla Bulb with matrix cells Hair follicle Muscle Arrector pili muscle Pilosebaceous unit Hair sebaceous gland Nail Nail matrix Nail plate Lunula Eponychium Paronychium Hyponychium Connective tissue Physiology Soft tissue Fibrosis Scarring Composition Cells Resident Fibroblast Fibrocyte Reticular cell Tendon cell Adipocyte Melanocyte Wandering cells Mast cell Macrophage Extracellular matrix Ground substance Tissue fluid Fibers Collagen fibers Reticular fibers COL3A1 Elastic fibers Elastin Fibrillin FBN1 FBN2 FBN3 EMILIN1 Elaunin Types Proper Loose Reticular Adipose Brown White Dense Dense irregular connective tissue Submucosa Dermis Dense regular connective tissue Ligament Tendon Aponeurosis Embryonic Mucoid Mesenchymal Specialized Cartilage Bone Routes of administration, dosage forms Oral Digestive tract ( enteral ) Solids Pill Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system ( OROS ) Liquids Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Extended - release syrup Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Syrup Concentrate for dilution and / or addition of carbonated water Tincture Buccal ( sublabial ), sublingual Solids Orally disintegrating tablet ( ODT ) Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent buccal tablet Chewing gum Liquids Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray Respiratory tract Solids Smoking device Dry - powder inhaler ( DPI ) 0 0 Liquids Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer Metered - dose inhaler ( MDI ) Gas Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine Ophthalmic, otologic, nasal Nasal spray Ear drops Eye drops Ointment Hydrogel Nanosphere suspension Insufflation Mucoadhesive microdisc ( microsphere tablet ) Urogenital Ointment Pessary ( vaginal suppository ) Vaginal ring Vaginal douche Intrauterine device ( IUD ) Extra-amniotic infusion Intravesical infusion Rectal ( enteral ) Ointment Suppository Enema Solution Hydrogel Murphy drip Nutrient enema Dermal Ointment Topical cream Topical gel Liniment Paste Film DMSO drug solution Electrophoretic dermal delivery system Hydrogel Liposomes Transfersome vesicles Cream Lotion Lip balm Medicated shampoo Dermal patch Transdermal patch Contact ( rubbed into break in the skin ) Transdermal spray Jet injector Injection, infusion ( into tissue / blood ) Skin Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant Organs Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral Central nervous system Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural Circulatory, musculoskeletal Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient - Controlled Analgesia pump PIC line WikiProject Pharmacy portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermis&oldid=838098705 '' Categories : Skin anatomy Routes of administration Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties CS1 errors : dates Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego Ido Italiano Қазақша Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe 粵語 中文 21 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018, at 22 : 39 ( UTC ). 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Question: what are three types of tissue that can be found in the dermis
Answer: fibroblasts