New York City subway - wikipedia New York City subway New York City Subway Top : A 1 train made up of R62A cars leaves the 125th Street station. Bottom : An E train made up of R160A cars enters the Chambers Street -- World Trade Center station. Overview Owner New York City Area served The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens Locale New York City Transit type Rapid transit Number of lines 36 lines 25 services ( 1 planned ) Number of stations 472 ( MTA total count ) 424 unique stations ( when compared to international standards ) < 14 planned Daily ridership 5,580,845 ( weekdays, 2017 ) 3,156,673 ( Saturdays, 2017 ) 2,525,481 ( Sundays, 2017 ) Annual ridership 1,727,366,607 ( 2017 ) Website mta.info/nyct Operation Began operation October 27, 1904 ( Original subway ) July 3, 1868 ( first elevated, rapid transit operation ) October 9, 1863 ( first railroad operation ) Operator ( s ) New York City Transit Authority ( NYCTA ) Number of vehicles 6,418 Headway Peak hours : 2 -- 5 minutes Off - peak : 10 -- 20 minutes Technical System length 7005394289280000000 ♠ 245 miles ( 394 km ) ( route length ) 691 mi ( 1,112 km ) ( track length, revenue ) 850 mi ( 1,370 km ) ( track length, total ) Track gauge 4 ft 8 ⁄ in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge Electrification 600 -- 650 V ( DC ) third rail ; normally 625V Average speed 17 mph ( 27 km / h ) Top speed 55 mph ( 89 km / h ) hide System map The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state - run Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world 's oldest public transit systems, one of the world 's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year, though some routes may operate only part - time. The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world by number of stations, with 472 stations in operation ( 424 if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations ). Stations are located throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. The Staten Island Railway is not officially considered part of the subway, as it lacks a rail link with the subway system, so passengers traveling between Staten Island and another borough must take the Staten Island Ferry or an MTA bus ; free transfers are allowed to the subway and bus systems. The PATH in Manhattan and New Jersey and the AirTrain JFK in Queens both accept the subway 's MetroCard but are not operated by the MTA and do not allow free transfers. However, the Roosevelt Island Tramway does allow free transfers to the MTA and bus systems, even though it is also not operated by the MTA. The system is also one of the world 's longest. Overall, the system contains 236 miles ( 380 km ) of routes, translating into 665 miles ( 1,070 km ) of revenue track ; and a total of 850 miles ( 1,370 km ) including non-revenue trackage. By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the busiest rapid transit rail system in both the Western Hemisphere and the Western world, as well as the eighth busiest rapid transit rail system in the world ; only the metro ( subway ) systems in Beijing, Shanghai, Seoul, Guangzhou, Tokyo, Moscow, and Hong Kong record higher annual ridership. In 2017, the subway delivered over 1.72 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.6 million daily rides on weekdays and a combined 5.7 million rides each weekend ( 3.2 million on Saturdays ; 2.5 million on Sundays ). On September 23, 2014, more than 6.1 million people rode the subway system, establishing the highest single - day ridership since ridership was regularly monitored in 1985. Of the system 's 25 services, 22 pass through Manhattan, the exceptions being the G train, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, and the Rockaway Park Shuttle. Large portions of the subway outside Manhattan are elevated, on embankments, or in open cuts, and a few stretches of track run at ground level. In total, 40 % of track is above ground, despite the `` subway '' moniker. Many lines and stations have both express and local services. These lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the outer two are used for local trains, while the inner one or two are used for express trains. Stations served by express trains are typically major transfer points or destinations. Contents 1 History 1.1 Construction methods 1.2 Expansion 2 Lines and routes 2.1 Nomenclature 2.2 Subway map 3 Stations 3.1 Concourse 3.2 Platforms 3.3 Accessibility 4 Rolling stock 5 Fares 5.1 MetroCard 6 Modernization 7 Safety and security 7.1 Signaling 7.1. 1 Wayside block signaling 7.1. 2 Communications - based train control 7.2 Train accidents 7.3 Passenger safety 7.3. 1 Track safety and suicides 7.3. 2 Crime 7.3. 3 Photography 7.3. 4 Terrorism prevention 8 Challenges 8.1 2009 -- 2010 budget cuts 8.2 2017 state of emergency 8.3 Capacity constraints 8.3. 1 Expanding service frequency via CBTC 8.3. 2 Expanding peak service frequency and increasing car capacity 8.3. 3 Controlling crowds using signs and platform controllers 8.4 Subway flooding 8.5 Full and partial subway closures 8.6 Litter and rodents 8.7 Noise 9 Public relations 9.1 Miss Subways 9.2 Subway Series 9.3 Holiday Train 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links History Main article : History of the New York City Subway The City Hall station of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line opened on October 27, 1904 Alfred Ely Beach built the first demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City in 1869 and opened it in February 1870. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended 312 feet ( 95 m ) under Broadway in Lower Manhattan operating from Warren Street to Murray Street and exhibited his idea for a subway propelled by pneumatic tube technology. The tunnel was never extended for political and financial reasons, although extensions had been planned to take the tunnel southward to the Battery and northwards towards the Harlem River. ( In 1912, workers excavating for the present - day BMT Broadway Line dug into the old Beach tunnel ; today, no part of this line remains as the tunnel was completely within the limits of the present day City Hall Station under Broadway. ) The Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. A plan for the construction of the subway was approved in 1894, and construction began in 1900. The first underground line of the subway opened on October 27, 1904, almost 36 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. The fare was $0.05 and on the first day the trains carried over 150,000 passengers. The oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. The oldest right - of - way, which is part of the BMT West End Line near Coney Island Creek, was in use in 1864 as a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road. By the time the first subway opened in 1904, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company ( BRT, later Brooklyn -- Manhattan Transit Corporation, BMT ) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company ( IRT ). The city built most of the lines and leased them to the companies. The first line of the city - owned and operated Independent Subway System ( IND ) opened in 1932 ; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but stayed within the core of the City due to its small startup capital. This required it to be run ' at cost ', necessitating fares up to double the five - cent fare popular at the time. In 1940, the city bought the two private systems. Some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after. Integration was slow, but several connections were built between the IND and BMT ; these now operate as one division called the B Division. Since the IRT tunnels, sharper curves, and stations are too small and therefore can not accommodate B Division cars, the IRT remains its own division, the A Division. However, many passenger transfers between stations of all three former companies have been created, allowing the entire network to be treated as a single unit. During the late - 1940s, the system recorded high ridership, and on December 23, 1946, the system - wide record of 8,872,249 fares was set. The New York City Transit Authority ( NYCTA ), a public authority presided by New York City, was created in 1953 to take over subway, bus, and streetcar operations from the city, and placed under control of the state - level Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1968. Graffiti became a notable symbol of declining service during the 1970s. Organized in 1934 by transit workers of the BRT, IRT, and IND, the Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 remains the largest and most influential local of the labor unions. Since the union 's founding, there have been three union strikes over contract disputes with the MTA : 12 days in 1966, 11 days in 1980, and three days in 2005. By the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway was at an all - time low. Ridership had dropped to 1910s levels, and graffiti and crime were rampant on the subway ; in general, the subway was very poorly maintained during that time, and delays and track problems were common. Still, the NYCTA managed to open six new subway stations in the 1980s, make the current fleet of subway cars graffiti - free, as well as order 1,775 new subway cars. By the early 1990s, conditions had improved significantly, although maintenance backlogs accumulated during those 20 years are still being fixed today. The Cortlandt Street station partially collapsed as a result of the collapse of the World Trade Center. Entering the 21st century, progress continued despite several disasters. The September 11 attacks resulted in service disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan, particularly the IRT Broadway -- Seventh Avenue Line, which ran directly underneath the World Trade Center. Sections of the tunnel, as well as the Cortlandt Street station, which was directly underneath the Twin Towers, were severely damaged. Rebuilding required the suspension of service on that line south of Chambers Street. Ten other nearby stations were closed for cleanup. By March 2002, seven of those stations had reopened. Except for Cortlandt Street, the rest reopened on September 15, 2002, along with service south of Chambers Street. Cortlandt Street reopened on September 8, 2018. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy flooded several underwater tunnels and other facilities near New York Harbor, as well as trackage over Jamaica Bay. The immediate damage was fixed within six months but long - term resiliency and rehabilitation projects continue. Among the more notable Sandy recovery projects include the restoration of the new South Ferry station from 2012 to 2017 ; the full closure of the Montague Street Tunnel from 2013 to 2014 ; and the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown from 2019 to 2020. Construction methods A stretch of subway track on the 7 Subway Extension. When the IRT subway debuted in 1904, the typical tunnel construction method was cut - and - cover. The street was torn up to dig the tunnel below before being rebuilt from above. Traffic on the street above would be interrupted due to the digging up of the street. Temporary steel and wooden bridges carried surface traffic above the construction. Contractors in this type of construction faced many obstacles, both natural and man - made. They had to deal with rock formations and ground water, which required pumps. Twelve miles of sewers, as well as water and gas mains, electric conduits, and steam pipes had to be rerouted. Street railways had to be torn up to allow the work. The foundations of tall buildings often ran near the subway construction, and in some cases needed underpinning to ensure stability. This method worked well for digging soft dirt and gravel near the street surface. However, tunnelling shields were required for deeper sections, such as the Harlem and East River tunnels, which used cast - iron tubes. Rock or concrete - lined tunnels were used on segments from 33rd to 42nd streets under Park Avenue ; 116th to 120th Streets under Broadway ; 145th to Dyckman Streets ( Fort George ) under Broadway and St. Nicholas Avenue ; and 96th Street and Broadway to Central Park North and Lenox Avenue. About 40 % of the subway system runs on surface or elevated tracks, including steel or cast iron elevated structures, concrete viaducts, embankments, open cuts and surface routes. All of these construction methods are completely grade - separated from road and pedestrian crossings, and most crossings of two subway tracks are grade - separated with flying junctions. The sole exceptions of at - grade junctions of two lines in regular service are the 142nd Street junction, the Rogers junction and the Myrtle Avenue junction, whose tracks both intersect at the same level. The 7,700 workers who built the original subway lines were mostly immigrants living in Manhattan. More recent projects use tunnel boring machines, which increase the cost. They minimize disruption at street level and avoid already existing utilities. Examples of such projects include the extension of the IRT Flushing Line and the IND Second Avenue Line. Expansion Main article : Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway Second Avenue Subway Community Information Center Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. One of the more expansive proposals was the `` IND Second System '', part of a plan to construct new subway lines in addition to taking over existing subway lines and railroad rights - of - way. The most grandiose IND Second Subway plan, conceived in 1929, was to be part of the city - operated IND, and was to comprise almost ​ ⁄ of the current subway system. By 1939, with unification planned, all three systems were included within the plan, which was ultimately never carried out. Many different plans were proposed over the years of the subway 's existence, but expansion of the subway system mostly stopped during World War II. Though most of the routes proposed over the decades have never seen construction, discussion remains strong to develop some of these lines, to alleviate existing subway capacity constraints and overcrowding, the most notable being the proposals for the Second Avenue Subway. Plans for new lines date back to the early 1910s, and expansion plans have been proposed during many years of the system 's existence. After the IND Sixth Avenue Line was completed in 1940, the city went into great debt, and only 33 new stations have been added to the system since, nineteen of which were part of defunct railways that already existed. Five stations were on the abandoned New York, Westchester and Boston Railway, which was incorporated into the system in 1941 as the IRT Dyre Avenue Line. Fourteen more stations were on the abandoned LIRR Rockaway Beach Branch ( now the IND Rockaway Line ), which opened in 1955. Two stations ( 57th Street and Grand Street ) were part of the Chrystie Street Connection, and opened in 1968 ; the Harlem -- 148th Street terminal opened that same year in an unrelated project. Six were built as part of a 1968 plan : three on the Archer Avenue Lines, opened in 1988, and three on the 63rd Street Lines, opened in 1989. The new South Ferry station was built and connected to the existing Whitehall Street -- South Ferry station in 2009. The one - stop 7 Subway Extension to the west side of Manhattan, comprising the 34th Street -- Hudson Yards station, was opened in 2015, and three stations on the Second Avenue Subway in the Upper East Side were opened in the beginning of 2017. Lines and routes Main articles : A Division ( New York City Subway ) and B Division ( New York City Subway ) See also : List of New York City Subway services and List of New York City Subway lines show Annual passenger ridership Year Passengers % ± 1901 253,000,000 -- 1905 448,000,000 + 77.1 % 1910 725,000,000 + 61.8 % 1915 830,000,000 + 14.5 % 1920 1,332,000,000 + 60.5 % 1925 1,681,000,000 + 26.2 % 1930 2,049,000,000 + 21.9 % 1935 1,817,000,000 − 11.3 % 1940 1,857,000,000 + 2.2 % 1945 1,941,000,000 + 4.5 % 1946 2,067,000,000 + 6.5 % 1950 1,681,000,000 − 13.4 % 1955 1,378,000,000 − 18.0 % 1960 1,345,000,000 − 2.4 % 1965 1,363,000,000 + 1.3 % 1970 1,258,000,000 − 7.7 % 1,054,000,000 − 16.2 % 1980 1,009,000,000 − 4.3 % 1982 989,000,000 − 2.0 % 1985 1,010,000,000 + 2.1 % 1,028,000,000 + 1.8 % 1995 1,093,000,000 + 6.3 % 2000 1,400,000,000 + 28.1 % 2005 1,450,000,000 + 3.6 % 1,605,000,000 + 10.7 % 2011 1,640,000,000 + 2.2 % 2012 1,654,000,000 + 0.1 % 2013 1,708,000,000 + 3.3 % 2014 1,751,287,621 + 2.6 % 2015 1,762,565,419 + 0.6 % 2016 1,756,814,800 - 0.3 % A digital sign on the side of an R142 train on the 4 125th Street station on the IRT Broadway -- Seventh Avenue Line Many rapid transit systems run relatively static routings, so that a train `` line '' is more or less synonymous with a train `` route ''. In New York City, however, routings change often because of changes in the availability of connections or the setup of service patterns. Within the nomenclature of the subway, the `` line '' describes the physical railroad track or series of tracks that a train `` route '' uses on its way from one terminal to another. `` Routes '' ( also called `` services '' ) are distinguished by a letter or a number and `` Lines '' have names. They are also designations for trains, as exemplified in the Billy Strayhorn song `` Take the `` A '' Train ``. There are 25 train services in the subway system, including three short shuttles. Each route has a color and a local or express designation representing the Manhattan trunk line of the particular service. The color light green is exclusively assigned to the Crosstown Line route, which operates entirely outside Manhattan, while the shuttles are all assigned dark gray. The lines and services are not referred to by color ( e.g., Blue Line or Green Line ) by native New Yorkers or by most New York City residents, but out - of - towners and tourists often refer to the subway lines by color. The 1, C, G, L, M, R, and W trains are fully local and make all stops. The 2, 3, 4, 5, A, B, D, E, F, N and Q trains have portions of express and local service. The J train normally operates local, but during rush hours it is joined by the Z train in the peak direction ; both the J and Z run local, express or skip - stop on different parts of their shared route. The 6 and 7 are also fully local, but during rush - hours, express variants of the routes, designated by diamond - shaped route markers, are operated alongside the locals. The letter S is used for three shuttle services : Franklin Avenue Shuttle, Rockaway Park Shuttle, and 42nd Street Shuttle. Though the subway system operates on a 24 - hour basis, during late night hours some of the designated routes do not run, run as a shorter route ( often referred to as the ' shuttle train ' version of its full - length counterpart ) or run with a different stopping pattern. These are usually indicated by smaller, secondary route signage on station platforms. Because there is no nightly system shutdown for maintenance, tracks and stations must be maintained while the system is operating. This work sometimes necessitates service changes during midday, overnight hours, and weekends. When parts of lines are temporarily shut down for construction purposes, the transit authority can substitute free shuttle buses ( using MTA Regional Bus Operations bus fleet ) to replace the routes that would normally run on these lines. The Transit Authority announces planned service changes through its website, via placards that are posted on station and interior subway - car walls, and through its Twitter page. Nomenclature Main article : New York City Subway nomenclature Primary Trunk line Color Pantone Hexadecimal Service bullets IND Eighth Avenue Line Vivid blue PMS 286 # 2850ad ​ ​ IND Sixth Avenue Line Bright orange PMS 165 # ff6319 ​ ​ ​ IND Crosstown Line Lime green PMS 376 # 6cbe45 BMT Canarsie Line Light slate gray 50 % black # a7a9ac BMT Nassau Street Line Terra cotta brown PMS 154 # 996633 ​ BMT Broadway Line Sunflower yellow PMS 116 # fccc0a ​ ​ ​ IRT Broadway -- Seventh Avenue Line Tomato red PMS 185 # ee352e ​ ​ IRT Lexington Avenue Line Apple green PMS 355 # 00933c ​ ​ IRT Flushing Line Raspberry PMS Purple # b933ad ​ Shuttles Dark slate gray 70 % black # 808183 Subway Map Main article : New York City Subway map Map of line elevation in relation to the ground ; underground segments are in orange, and above ground segments are in blue, whether they are elevated, embanked, graded or open cut Current official transit maps of the New York City Subway are based on a 1979 design by Michael Hertz Associates. The maps are not geographically accurate due to the complexity of the system ( Manhattan being the smallest borough, but having the most services ), but they do show major city streets as an aid to navigation. The newest edition took effect on June 27, 2010, and makes Manhattan bigger and Staten Island smaller. Earlier diagrams of the subway ( the first being produced in 1958 ) had the perception of being more geographically inaccurate than the diagrams today. The design of the subway map by Massimo Vignelli, published by the MTA between 1972 and 1979, has become a modern classic but the MTA deemed the map flawed due to its placement of geographical elements. A late night - only version of the map was introduced on January 30, 2012. On September 16, 2011, the MTA introduced a Vignelli - style interactive subway map, `` The Weekender '', to its website ; as the title suggests, the online map provides information about any planned work, from late Friday night to early Monday morning. Several privately produced schematics are available online or in printed form, such as those by Hagstrom Map. Additionally, the New York City subway map has served as the subject of artistic endeavors. Late night subway service map The official map Old official map designed by George Salomon The NYC Subway map as a theme of art Stations Main article : New York City Subway stations Play media 7 train arriving at Vernon Boulevard -- Jackson Avenue station ( 43s ) Out of the 472 stations, 470 are served 24 hours a day. Underground stations in the New York City Subway are typically accessed by staircases going down from street level. Many of these staircases are painted in a common shade of green, with slight or significant variations in design. Other stations have unique entrances reflective of their location or date of construction. Several station entrance stairs, for example, are built into adjacent buildings. Nearly all station entrances feature color - coded globe or square lamps signifying their status as an entrance. The long and wide mezzanine in the West Fourth Street station in Greenwich Village. Out of all the stations on the New York City Subway, 275 are fully underground ( 59 % ) 153 are elevated stations ( 32 % ) 29 are on an embankment ( 6 % ) 15 are open cut stations ( 3 % ) This means that 61 % of the stations are below the surface ( 59 % being fully underground and about 2 % with most of the station below the surface ). 39 % of stations are above the surface or overground. Concourse An entrance to the Times Square -- 42nd Street / Port Authority Bus Terminal station Many stations in the subway system have mezzanines. Mezzanines allow for passengers to enter from multiple locations at an intersection and proceed to the correct platform without having to cross the street before entering. Inside mezzanines are fare control areas, where passengers physically pay their fare to enter the subway system. In many older stations, the fare control area is at platform level with no mezzanine crossovers. Many elevated stations also have platform - level fare control with no common station house between directions of service. Upon entering a station, passengers may use station booths ( formerly known as token booths ) or vending machines to buy their fare, which is currently stored in a MetroCard. Each station has at least one booth, typically located at the busiest entrance. After swiping the card at a turnstile, customers enter the fare - controlled area of the station and continue to the platforms. Inside fare control are `` Off - Hours Waiting Areas '', which consist of benches and are identified by a yellow sign. Platforms The IND Eighth Avenue Line station at 59th Street -- Columbus Circle A typical subway station has waiting platforms ranging from 480 to 600 feet ( 150 to 180 m ) long, though some IND platforms may be as long as 660 to 745 feet ( 201 to 227 m ) long. Platforms of former commuter rail stations -- such as those on the IND Rockaway Line, which was adapted from the Long Island Rail Road 's Rockaway Beach Branch -- are even longer. Due to the large number of transit lines, one platform or set of platforms often serve more than one service. Passengers need to look at the overhead signs at the platform entrance steps and over each track to see which trains stop there and when, and at the arriving train to see which one it is. There are a number of common platform configurations : On a double track line, a station may have one center island platform used for trains in both directions, or 2 side platforms, one for a train in each direction. For lines with three or four tracks with express service, local stops will have side platforms and the middle one or two tracks will not stop at the station. On these lines, express stations typically have two island platforms, one for the local and express in one direction, and another for the local and express in the other direction. Each island platform provides a cross-platform interchange between local and express services. Some lines with four - track express service have two tracks each on two levels and use both island and side platforms. Accessibility Street elevator serving as an entrance to the 66th Street -- Lincoln Center station Main article : Accessibility of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Since the majority of the system was built before 1990, the year the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) went into effect, many New York City Subway stations were not designed to be handicapped - accessible. Since then, elevators have been built in newly constructed stations to comply with the ADA. ( Most grade - level stations required little modification to meet ADA standards. ) In addition, the MTA identified `` key stations '', high - traffic and / or geographically important stations, which must conform to the ADA when they are extensively renovated. As of January 2017, there are 118 currently accessible stations ; many of them have AutoGate access. Under the current MTA plans, the number of ADA accessible stations will go up to 144 by 2020. In June 2016, the MTA was sued by a disability rights group for not including an elevator during the $21,000,000 renovation of the Middletown Road subway station in the Bronx. Only 19 % of all of the subway system 's stations were fully accessible to people with disabilities at the time, a number that rose to 24 % the next year. In April 2017, two simultaneous lawsuits against the MTA, one in state court and one in federal court, claimed that the system was breaking one of the city 's human - rights laws by violating the Americans with Disabilities Act. As a result, the suits said, the MTA failed to `` eliminate and prevent discrimination from playing any role in actions relating to employment, public accommodations and housing and other real estate. '' Rolling stock A train of R32 cars on the A train Interior of an R142A car on the 4 train Interior of an R62 car on the 3 train Driver 's cab of an R160B subway car on the N train Main article : New York City Subway rolling stock As of November 2016, the New York City Subway has 6418 cars on the roster. A typical New York City Subway train consists of 8 to 11 cars, although shuttles can have as few as two, and the train can range from 150 to 600 feet ( 46 to 183 m ) in length. The system maintains two separate fleets of cars, one for the A Division routes and another for the B Division routes. All B Division equipment is about 10 feet ( 3.05 m ) wide and either 60 feet 6 inches ( 18.44 m ) or 75 feet ( 22.86 m ) long, whereas A Division equipment is approximately 8 feet 9 inches ( 2.67 m ) wide and 51 feet 4 inches ( 15.65 m ) long. A portion of the 60 - foot B Division fleet is used for operation in the BMT Eastern Division, where 75 - foot ( 22.86 m ) long cars are not permitted. Cars purchased by the City of New York since the inception of the IND and the other divisions beginning in 1948 are identified by the letter `` R '' followed by a number ; e.g. : R32. This number is the contract number under which the cars were purchased. Cars with nearby contract numbers ( e.g. : R1 through R9, or R26 through R29, or R143 through R179 ) may be relatively identical, despite being purchased under different contracts and possibly built by different manufacturers. Since 1999, the R142, R142A, R143, R160, R179 and R188 cars have been placed into service. These cars are collectively known as New Technology Trains ( NTTs ) due to modern innovations such as LED and LCD route signs and information screens, as well as recorded train announcements and the ability to facilitate Communication - Based Train Control ( CBTC ). As part of the 2017 -- 2020 MTA Financial Plan, 600 subway cars will have electronic display signs installed to improve customer experience. Fares Main article : New York City transit fares Riders pay a single fare to enter the subway system and may transfer between trains at no extra cost until they exit via station turnstiles ; the fare is a flat rate regardless of how far or how long the rider travels. Thus, riders must swipe their MetroCard upon entering the subway system, but not a second time upon leaving. As of April 2016, nearly all fares are paid by MetroCard ; the base fare is $2.75 when purchased in the form of a reusable `` pay per ride '' MetroCard, with the last fare increase occurring on March 22, 2015. Single - use cards may be purchased for $3.00, and 7 - day and 30 - day unlimited ride cards can lower the effective per - ride fare significantly. Reduced fares are available for the elderly and people with disabilities. Fares were stored in a money room at 370 Jay Street in Downtown Brooklyn starting in 1951, when the building opened as a headquarters for the New York City Board of Transportation. The building is close to the lines of all three subway divisions ( the IRT, BMT, and IND ) and thus was a convenient location to collect fares, including tokens and cash, via money train. Passageways from the subway stations, including a visible door in the Jay Street IND station, lead to a money sorting room in the basement of the building. Fare collection and transport was originally performed using armored trucks, and the money trains were replaced by armored trucks in 2006. MetroCard The current MetroCard design Main article : MetroCard ( New York City ) In November 1993, the subway system introduced a fare system called the MetroCard, which allows riders to use cards that store the value equal to the amount paid to a station booth clerk or vending machine. The MetroCard was enhanced in 1997 to allow passengers to make free transfers between subways and buses within two hours ; several MetroCard - only transfers between subway stations were added in 2001. With the addition of unlimited - ride MetroCards in 1998 ( for 7 - day and 30 - day periods, later 1 - day `` Fun Pass '' and 14 - day periods, both of which have been discontinued ), the New York City Transit system was the last major transit system in the United States with the exception of BART in San Francisco to introduce passes for unlimited bus and rapid transit travel. In April 2016, MTA solicited proposals for a contactless `` New Fare Payment System '' to replace the MetroCard by 2022. On October 23, 2017, it was announced that the MetroCard would be phased out and replaced by a contactless fare payment system also by Cubic, with fare payment being made using Apple Pay, Google Pay, debit / credit cards with near - field communication technology, or radio - frequency identification cards. The October 23 announcement calls for the expansion of this system to a general - use electronic fare payment system at 500 subway turnstiles and 600 buses by late 2018, with all buses and subway stations using electronic fare collection by 2020. However, support of the MetroCard is slated to remain until 2023. Modernization A subway station rebuilt under the Enhanced Station Initiative Main article : Technology of the New York City Subway Since the late 20th century, the MTA has started several projects to maintain and improve the subway. In the 1990s, it started converting the BMT Canarsie Line to use communications - based train control, utilizing a moving block signal system that allowed more trains to use the tracks and thus increasing passenger capacity. After the Canarsie Line tests were successful, the MTA expanded the automation program in the 2000s and 2010s to include other lines. As part of another program called FASTRACK, the MTA started closing sections of lines during weekday nights in 2012, in order to allow workers to clean these lines without being hindered by train movements. It expanded the program beyond Manhattan the next year after noticing how efficient the FASTRACK program was compared to previous service diversions. In 2015, the MTA announced a wide - ranging improvement program as part of the 2015 -- 2019 Capital Program. Thirty stations would be extensively rebuilt under the Enhanced Station Initiative, and new R211 subway cars would be able to fit more passengers. The MTA has also started some projects to improve passenger amenities. It added train arrival `` countdown clocks '' to most A Division stations and the BMT Canarsie Line ( L train ) by late 2011, allowing passengers on these routes to see train arrival times using real - time data. A similar countdown - clock project for the B Division and the IRT Flushing Line was deferred until 2016, when a new Bluetooth - based clock system was tested successfully. Beginning in 2011, the MTA also started `` Help Point '' to aid with emergency calls or station agent assistance. The Help Point project was deemed successful, and the MTA subsequently installed Help Points in all stations. Interactive touchscreen `` On The Go ! Travel Station '' kiosks, which give station advisories, itineraries, and timetables, were installed starting in 2011, with the program also being expanded after a successful pilot. Cellular phone and wireless data in stations, first installed in 2011 as part of yet another pilot program, was also expanded systemwide due to positive passenger feedback. Finally, credit - card trials at several subway stations in 2006 and 2010 led to proposals for contactless payment to replace the aging MetroCard. Safety and security Signaling Main article : Signals of the New York City Subway Wayside block signaling Example of a wayside block signal at the 34th Street -- Hudson Yards station The system currently uses automatic block signaling with fixed wayside signals and automatic train stops in order to provide safe train operation across the whole system. The New York City Subway system has, for the most part, used block signalling since its 1904 opening, and many portions of the current signaling system were installed between the 1930s and 1960s. These signals work by preventing trains from entering a `` block '' occupied by another train. Typically, the blocks are 1,000 feet ( 300 m ) long. If no train is in the block, the signal will light up as green. When a train enters the block, the signal turns red, marking the block as occupied. The train 's maximum speed will depend on how many blocks are open in front of it. However, the signals do not register a train 's speed, nor where in the block the train is located. Subway trains are stopped mechanically at all signals showing `` stop '' aspects by automatic train stops located alongside the tracks ; all cars are equipped with tripcocks. Although this is a simple principle of train stops, that wayside trippers must not be moved to trip ( `` stop '' ) position until it is guaranteed that the train has fully passed the signal with all its cars. Communications - based train control In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the MTA began automating the subway by communications - based train control ( CBTC ). CBTC supplements, rather than replaces, the fixed - block signal system ; it allows trains to operate more closely together with lower headways. The BMT Canarsie Line, on which the L train runs, was chosen for pilot testing because it is a self - contained line that does not operate in conjunction with other lines. CBTC became operational in February 2009. Due to an unexpected ridership increase, the MTA ordered additional cars, and increased service from 15 trains to 26 trains per hour, an achievement beyond the capability of the block system. The total cost of the project was $340 million. After the success of the BMT Canarsie Line automation, the IRT Flushing Line, carrying the 7 and < 7 > ​ trains, was next chosen to be outfitted with CBTC. The proposed plan is estimated to cost US $1.4 billion. It is scheduled to be completed in September 2017. Eventually, the MTA has plans to automate a much larger portion, using One Person Train Operation ( OPTO ) in conjunction with CBTC. At the current pace of installation, it would take 175 years for CBTC to be installed at a cost of $20 billion. The Flushing line operated at almost 30 trains an hour using the signal system installed when the line was built, but after CBTC is installed it is possible that an additional two trains per hour could be operated. In March 2018, New York City Transit Authority president Andy Byford announced a new plan for resignaling the subway with CBTC, which would only take 10 to 15 years, compared to the previous estimate of 40 years. However, this would be very expensive, as it would cost $8 to $15 billion. The New York City Subway uses a system known as Automatic Train Supervision ( ATS ) for dispatching and train routing on the A Division ( the Flushing line and the trains used on the 7 and < 7 > ​ services do not have ATS. ) ATS allows dispatchers in the Operations Control Center ( OCC ) to see where trains are in real time, and whether each individual train is running early or late. Dispatchers can hold trains for connections, re-route trains, or short - turn trains to provide better service when a disruption causes delays. Train accidents Main article : New York City Subway accidents Despite the signal system, there have been at least 64 major train accidents since 1918, when a train bound for South Ferry smashed into two trains halted near Jackson Avenue on the IRT White Plains Road Line in the Bronx. Several accidents resulted when the train operator ran through red signals and rear - ended the subway train in front of it ; this resulted from the signaling practice of `` keying by '', which allowed train operators to bypass red signals. The deadliest accident, the Malbone Street Wreck, occurred on November 1, 1918 beneath the intersection of Flatbush Avenue, Ocean Avenue, and Malbone Street ( the latter of which is now Empire Boulevard ) near the Prospect Park station of the then - BRT Brighton Line in Brooklyn, killing 93 people. As a result of accidents, especially more recent ones such as the 1995 Williamsburg Bridge crash, timer signals were installed. These signals have resulted in reduced speeds across the system. Accidents such as derailments are also due to broken equipment, such as the rails and the train itself. Passenger Safety Yellow platform edges, yellow staircase steps and yellow railings, painted for safety, at the IRT Broadway -- Seventh Avenue Line platform at 168th Street Track Safety and suicides A portion of subway - related deaths in New York consists of suicides committed by jumping in front of an oncoming train. Between 1990 and 2003, 343 subway - related suicides have been registered out of a citywide total of 7,394 ( 4.6 % ) and subway - related suicides increased by 30 %, despite a decline in overall suicide numbers. Due to increase in people hit by trains in 2013, in late 2013 and early 2014 the MTA started a test program at one undisclosed station, with four systems and strategies to eliminate the number of people hit by trains. Closed - circuit television cameras, a web of laser beams stretched across the tracks, radio frequencies transmitted across the tracks, and thermal imaging cameras focused on the station 's tracks were set to be installed at that station. At the unidentified station, tests have gone so well at the testing site that these track protection systems will be installed systemwide as part of the 2015 -- 2019 capital program. The MTA also expressed interest in starting a pilot program to install platform edge doors. Several planned stations in the New York City Subway may possibly feature platform screen doors, possibly including future stations such as those part of the Second Avenue Subway. Currently, the MTA is planning a test program to install screen doors at a subway station on the BMT Canarsie Line. As part of the 2010 -- 2014 capital program, the station was going to be Sixth Avenue, but it is uncertain whether or not that this will be the station chosen. Following a series of incidents during one week in November 2016, in which 3 people were injured or killed after being pushed onto the tracks, the MTA started to consider installing platform edge doors for the 42nd Street Shuttle. Crime Main article : History of the New York City Subway § Crime Crime rates have shown variations over time, with a drop starting in the 1990s and continuing today. In order to fight crime, various approaches have been used over the years, including an `` If You See Something, Say Something '' campaign and, starting in 2016, banning people who commit a crime in the subway system from entering the system for a certain length of time. In the 1960s, for example, mayor Robert Wagner ordered an increase in the New York City Transit Police force from 1,219 to 3,100 officers. During the hours at which crimes most frequently occurred ( between 8 : 00 p.m. and 4 : 00 a.m. ), the officers went on patrol in all stations and trains. In response, crime rates decreased, as extensively reported by the press. In July 1985, however, the Citizens Crime Commission of New York City published a study showing riders abandoning the subway, fearing the frequent robberies and generally bad circumstances. To counter these developments, policy that was rooted in the late 1980s and early 1990s was implemented. In line with this Fixing Broken Windows philosophy, the New York City Transit Authority ( NYCTA ) began a five - year program to eradicate graffiti from subway trains in 1984. In 1993, Mayor Rudy Giuliani took office and with Police Commissioner Howard Safir, the strategy was more widely deployed in New York under the rubrics of `` zero tolerance '' and `` quality of life ''. Crime rates in the subway and city dropped. Giuliani 's campaign credited the success to the zero tolerance policy. The extent to which his policies deserve the credit is disputed. New York City Police Department Commissioner William J. Bratton and author of Fixing Broken Windows, George L. Kelling, however, stated the police played an `` important, even central, role '' in the declining crime rates. The trend continued and Giuliani 's successor, Michael Bloomberg, stated in a November 2004 press release : `` Today, the subway system is safer than it has been at any time since we started tabulating subway crime statistics nearly 40 years ago. '' Photography After the September 11, 2001, attacks, the MTA exercised extreme caution regarding anyone taking photographs or recording video inside the system and proposed banning all photography and recording in a meeting around June 2004. However, due to strong response from both the public and from civil rights groups, the rule of conduct was dropped. In November 2004, the MTA again put this rule up for approval, but was again denied, though many police officers and transit workers still confront or harass people taking photographs or videos. However, on April 3, 2009, the NYPD issued a directive to officers stating that it is legal to take pictures within the subway system so long as it is not accompanied with suspicious activity. Currently, the MTA Rules of Conduct, Restricted Areas and Activities section states that anyone may take pictures or record videos, provided that they do not use any of three tools : lights, reflectors, or tripods. These three tools are permitted only by members of the press who have identification issued by the NYPD. Terrorism Prevention See also : New York City Transit Police On July 22, 2005, in response to bombings in London, the New York City Transit Police introduced a new policy of randomly searching passengers ' bags as they approached turnstiles. The NYPD claimed that no form of racial profiling would be conducted when these searches actually took place. The NYPD has come under fire from some groups that claim purely random searches without any form of threat assessment would be ineffectual. Donna Lieberman, Executive Director of the NYCLU, stated, `` This NYPD bag search policy is unprecedented, unlawful and ineffective. It is essential that police be aggressive in maintaining security in public transportation. But our very real concerns about terrorism do not justify the NYPD subjecting millions of innocent people to suspicionless searches in a way that does not identify any person seeking to engage in terrorist activity and is unlikely to have any meaningful deterrent effect on terrorist activity. '' The searches were upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in MacWade v. Kelly. On April 11, 2008, MTA received a Ferrara Fire Apparatus Hazardous Materials Response Truck, which went into service three days later. It will be used in the case of a chemical or bioterrorist attack. Najibullah Zazi and others were arrested in September 2009 and pleaded guilty in 2010 to being part of an al - Qaeda plan to undertake suicide bombings on the New York City subway system. Challenges 2009 -- 2010 budget cuts 28th Street station after the W train was discontinued in mid-2010. Note the dark grey tape masked over the W bullet. ( This sign has since been replaced due to the restoration of the W in 2016. ) The MTA faced a budget deficit of US $1.2 billion in 2009. This resulted in fare increases ( three times from 2008 to 2010 ) and service reductions ( including the elimination of two part - time subway services, the V and W ). Several other routes were modified as a result of the deficit. The N was made a full - time local in Manhattan ( in contrast to being a weekend local / weekday express before 2010 ), while the Q was extended nine stations north to Astoria -- Ditmars Boulevard on weekdays, both to cover the discontinued W. The M was combined with the V, routing it over the Chrystie Street Connection, IND Sixth Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line to Forest Hills -- 71st Avenue on weekdays instead of via the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT West End Line to Bay Parkway. The G was truncated to Court Square full - time. Construction headways on eleven routes were lengthened, and off - peak service on seven routes were lengthened. 2017 state of emergency Main article : 2017 New York City transit crisis In June 2017, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed an executive order declaring a state of emergency for the New York City Subway after a series of derailments, track fires, and overcrowding incidents. On June 27, 2017, thirty - nine people were injured when an A train derailed at 125th Street, damaging tracks and signals then catching on fire. On July 21, 2017, the second set of wheels on a southbound Q train jumped the track near Brighton Beach, with nine people suffering injuries due to improper maintenance of the car in question. To solve the system 's problems, the MTA officially announced the Genius Transit Challenge on June 28, where contestants could submit ideas to improve signals, communications infrastructure, or rolling stock. On July 25, 2017, Chairman Joe Lhota announced a two - phase, $9 billion New York City Subway Action Plan to stabilize the subway system and to prevent the continuing decline of the system. The first phase, costing $836 million, consisted of five categories of improvements in Signal and Track Maintenance, Car Reliability, System Safety and Cleanliness, Customer Communication, and Critical Management Group. The $8 billion second phase would implement the winning proposals from the Genius Transit Challenge and fix more widespread problems. Six winning submissions for the Genius Transit Challenge were announced in March 2018. In October 2017, city comptroller Scott Stringer released an analysis of the effect of subway delays on the economy and on commuters. The study found that based on a normal wait time of 5 minutes and an average wage of $34 per hour in 2016, `` worst - case '' subway delays of more than 20 minutes could cost up to $389 million annually in lost productivity. By comparison, `` mid-case '' delays of between 10 and 20 minutes could cost $243.1 million per year, and `` best - case '' delays of between 5 and 10 minutes could cost $170.2 million per year. In November 2017, The New York Times published its investigation into the crisis. It found that the crisis had arisen as a result of financially unsound decisions by local and state politicians from both the Democratic and Republican parties. By this time, the subway 's 65 % average on - time performance was the lowest among all major cities ' transit systems, and every non-shuttle subway route 's on - time performance had declined in the previous ten years. Capacity constraints The interior of a Q train during afternoon rush hour Several subway lines have reached their operational limits in terms of train frequency and passengers, according to data released by the Transit Authority. As of June 2007, all of the A Division services except the 42nd Street Shuttle, as well as the E and L trains, were beyond capacity, as well as portions of the N train. In April 2013, New York magazine reported that the system was more crowded than it had been in the previous 66 years. The subway reached a daily ridership of 6 million for 29 days in 2014, and was expected to record a similar ridership level for 55 days in 2015 ; by comparison, in 2013, daily ridership never reached 6 million. In particular, the express tracks of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line are noted for operating at full capacity during peak hours. The Long Island Rail Road East Side Access project is expected to bring many more commuters to the Lexington Avenue Line when it opens around the year 2022, further overwhelming its capacity. By early 2016, delays as a result of overcrowding were up to more than 20,000 every month, four times the amount in 2012. The overcrowded trains have resulted in an increase of assaults because of tense commuters. With less platform space, more passengers are forced to be on the edge of the platform resulting in the increased possibility of passengers falling on the track. One possible solution that the MTA is considering is platform screen doors, which exist on the AirTrain JFK to prevent passengers from falling onto the tracks. In order to prevent hitting passengers who could fall onto the tracks, train operators are being instructed to go into stations at lower speeds. The increased proximity of riders could result in the spread of contagious diseases. Expanding service frequency via CBTC The Second Avenue Subway, which has provisions for communications - based train control ( CBTC ), was built to relieve pressure on the Lexington Avenue Line ( 4, ​ 5, ​ 6, and < 6 > trains ) by shifting an estimated 225,000 passengers. In addition, CBTC installation on the Flushing Line is expected to increase the rate of trains per hour on the 7 and < 7 > ​ trains, but little relief will come to other crowded lines until later. CBTC on the Flushing Line is expected to be completed in September 2017. The L train, which is overcrowded during rush hours, already has CBTC operation. The installation of CBTC has reduced the L 's running time by 3 %. Even with CBTC, there are limits on the potential increased service. For L service to be increased further, a power upgrade as well as additional space for the L to turn around at its Manhattan terminus, Eighth Avenue, are needed. The MTA is also seeking to implement CBTC on the IND Queens Boulevard Line. CBTC is to be installed on this line in five phases, with phase one ( 50th Street / 8th Avenue and 47th -- 50th Streets -- Rockefeller Center to Kew Gardens -- Union Turnpike ) being included in the 2010 -- 2014 capital budget. The $205.8 million contract for the installment of phase one was awarded in 2015 to Siemens and Thales. Planning for phase one started in 2015, with major engineering work to follow in 2017. The total cost for the entire Queens Boulevard Line is estimated at over $900 million. The Queens Boulevard CBTC project is expected to be completed in 2021. Funding for CBTC on the IND Eighth Avenue Line is also provided in the 2015 -- 2019 capital project. The MTA projects that 355 miles of track will receive CBTC signals by 2029, including most of the IND, as well as the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and the BMT Broadway Line. The MTA also is planning to install CBTC equipment on the IND Crosstown Line, the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and the BMT Brighton Line before 2025. As part of the installation of CBTC, the whole fleet of subway cars needs to be remodeled or replaced. Expanding peak service frequency and increasing Car capacity Due to an increase of ridership, the MTA has tried to increase capacity wherever possible by adding more frequent service, specifically during the evening hours. However, this increase will not likely keep up with the growth of subway ridership. Some lines have capacity for additional trains during peak times, but there are too few subway cars for this additional service to be operated. Mockup of the proposed experimental open - gangway configuration for the R211T subway car As part of the R211 subway car order, the MTA is planning to test a train of 10 open - gangway experimental prototype cars, which could increase capacity by up to 10 % by utilizing space that in previous models was the unused space between cars. The order could be expanded to include up to 750 open - gangway cars. Controlling crowds using signs and platform controllers The MTA is also testing smaller ideas on some services. In late 2015, the F, 6, and 7 trains started having 100 `` station platform controllers '' deployed to manage the flow of passengers on and off crowded trains for maximum ridership during morning rush hours, for a total of 129 such employees ; these workers also answer passengers ' questions about subway directions, rather than having conductors answer them and thus delaying the trains. In early 2017, the test was expanded to the afternoon peak period with an increase of 35 platform conductors. In November of the same year, 140 platform controllers and 90 conductors gained iPhone 6S devices so they could receive notifications of, and tell riders about, subway disruptions. Subway guards, the predecessors to the platform controllers, were first used during the Great Depression and World War II. Shortened `` next stop '' announcements on trains were being tested on the 2 and 5 trains. `` Step aside '' signs on the platforms, reminding boarding passengers to let departing passengers off the train first, are being tested at Grand Central -- 42nd Street, 51st Street, and 86th Street on the Lexington Avenue Line. Cameras would also be installed so the MTA could observe passenger overcrowding. In systems like the London Underground, stations are simply closed off when they are overcrowded, such as the busy Oxford Circus tube station, which had to close more than 100 times in a year. That type of restriction is not necessary yet on the New York City Subway, according to MTA spokesman Kevin Ortiz. Subway flooding Rain from drainage pipes comes into a subway car Service on the subway system is occasionally disrupted by flooding from rainstorms, even minor ones. Rainwater can disrupt signals underground and require the electrified third rail to be shut off. Every day, the MTA moves 13 million gallons of water when it is not raining. Since 1992, $357 million has been used to improve 269 pump rooms. By August 2007, $115 million was earmarked to upgrade the remaining 18 pump rooms. Despite these improvements, the transit system continues to experience flooding problems. On August 8, 2007, after more than 3 inches ( 76 mm ) of rain fell within an hour, the subway system flooded, causing almost every subway service to either be disabled or seriously disrupted, effectively halting the morning rush. This was the third incident in 2007 in which rain disrupted service. The system was disrupted on this occasion because the pumps and drainage system can handle only a rainfall rate of 1.75 inches ( 44 mm ) per hour ; the incident 's severity was aggravated by the scant warning as to the severity of the storm. In addition, as part of a $130 million and an estimated 18 - month project, the MTA began installing new subway grates in September 2008 in an attempt to prevent rain from overflowing into the subway system. The metallic structures, designed with the help of architectural firms and meant as a piece of public art, are placed atop existing grates but with a 3 - to - 4 - inch ( 76 to 102 mm ) sleeve to prevent debris and rain from flooding the subway. The racks will at first be installed in the three most flood - prone areas as determined by hydrologists : Jamaica, Tribeca, and the Upper West Side. Each neighborhood has its own distinct design, some featuring a wave - like deck which increases in height and features seating ( as in Jamaica ), others with a flatter deck that includes seating and a bike rack. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused a lot of damage to New York City, and many subway tunnels were inundated with floodwater. The subway opened with limited service two days after the storm and was running at 80 percent capacity within five days ; however, some infrastructure needed years to repair. A year after the storm, MTA spokesperson Kevin Ortiz said, `` This was unprecedented in terms of the amount of damage that we were seeing throughout the system. '' The storm flooded nine of the system 's 14 underwater tunnels, many subway lines, and several subway yards, as well as completely destroying a portion of the IND Rockaway Line and much of the South Ferry terminal station. Reconstruction required many weekend closures on several lines as well as the 53rd Street Tunnel, Clark Street Tunnel, Cranberry Street Tunnel, Joralemon Street Tunnel and Steinway Tunnel ; several long - term closures were also included on the Greenpoint Tunnel, Montague Street Tunnel, Rockaway Line, and the South Ferry station, with a long - term closure planned for the 14th Street Tunnel ; some reconstruction is expected to last until at least 2020. As a preventative measure, 68 subway entrances in Lower Manhattan are also receiving fabric plugs that are intended to keep flood water out. In October 2017, it was revealed that 3,000 - pound ( 1,400 kg ) waterproof doors and curtains were being installed in 24 Lower Manhattan locations at a cost of $30,000 each. Flooding at 125th Street after a water main break Preparations for Hurricane Sandy at Bowling Green South Ferry after Hurricane Sandy Pump train in the Cranberry Street Tube after Hurricane Sandy Full and partial subway closures On August 27, 2011, due to the approach of Hurricane Irene, the MTA suspended subway service at noon in anticipation of heavy flooding on tracks and in tunnels. It was the first weather - caused shutdown in the history of the system. Service was restored by August 29. On October 29, 2012, another full closure was ordered before the arrival of Hurricane Sandy. All services on the subway, the Long Island Rail Road and Metro - North were gradually shut down that day at 7 : 00 P.M., to protect passengers, employees and equipment from the coming storm. The storm caused serious damage to the system, especially the IND Rockaway Line, upon which many sections between Howard Beach -- JFK Airport and Hammels Wye on the Rockaway Peninsula were heavily damaged, leaving it essentially isolated from the rest of the system. This required the NYCTA to truck in 20 R32 subway cars to the line to provide some interim service ( temporarily designated the H ). Also, several of the system 's tunnels under the East River were flooded by the storm surge. South Ferry suffered serious water damage and did not reopen until April 4, 2013 by restoring service to the older loop - configured station that had been replaced in 2009 ; the stub - end terminal tracks remained out of service until June 2017. Since 2015, there have been three blizzard - related subway shutdowns. On January 26, 2015, another full closure was ordered by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo due to the January 2015 nor'easter, which was originally projected to leave New York City with 20 to 30 inches ( 51 to 76 cm ) of snow. The next day, the subway system was partially reopened. A number of New York City residents criticized Cuomo 's decision to shut down the subway system for the first time ever due to snow. The nor'easter dropped much less snow in the city than originally expected, totaling only 9.8 inches ( 25 cm ) in Central Park. On January 23, 2016, a partial subway closure was ordered due to the January 2016 United States blizzard, wherein all aboveground stations were closed ; the underground lines remained open during the blizzard. Most of the subway resumed service the next day, with some lingering delays due to an average of 26 inches ( 66 cm ) of snow in the area. On March 13, 2017, another partial subway closure of all aboveground stations was ordered for the next day due to the March 2017 nor'easter, which was forecast to bring up to 20 inches ( 51 cm ) of snow to the area. Litter and rodents Further information : Rats in New York City Litter accumulation is a perennial problem in the subway system. In the 1970s and 1980s, dirty trains and platforms, as well as graffiti were a serious problem. The situation had improved since then, but the 2010 budget crisis, which caused over 100 of the cleaning staff to lose their jobs, threatened to curtail trash removal from the subway system. Every day, the MTA removes 40 tons of trash from 3,500 trash receptacles. The New York City Subway system is infested with rats. Rats are sometimes seen on platforms, and are commonly seen foraging through garbage thrown onto the tracks. They are believed to pose a health hazard, and on rare instances have been known to bite humans. Subway stations notorious for rat infestation include Chambers Street, Jay Street -- MetroTech, West Fourth Street, Spring Street and 145th Street. Decades of efforts to eradicate or simply thin the rat population in the system have been unsuccessful. In March 2009, the Transit Authority announced a series of changes to its vermin control strategy, including new poison formulas and experimental trap designs. In October 2011, the MTA announced a new initiative to clean 25 subway stations, along with their garbage rooms, of rat infestations. Also in October 2011, the MTA announced a pilot program aimed at reducing levels of garbage in the subways by removing all garbage bins from the subway platforms. The initiative is being tested at the Eighth Street -- New York University and Flushing -- Main Street stations. As of March 2016, stations along the BMT Jamaica Line, BMT Myrtle Avenue Line, and various other stations had their garbage cans removed due to the success of the program. There are also vacuum trains that are designed to remove trash off of the tracks, but are ineffective and often broken. A 2016 study by Travel Math had the New York City Subway listed as the dirtiest subway system in the country based on the number of viable bacteria cells. In August 2016, the MTA announced that it had initiated Operation Track Sweep, which is an aggressive plan that will dramatically reduce the amount of trash on the tracks and in the subway environment, and in turn should reduce track fires and train delays. The frequency of station track cleaning will be increased. In a two - week period, 94 stations will be cleaned, an increase from 34 stations. Starting on September 12, 2016, the MTA launched an intensive two - week, system - wide cleaning from all of the tracks at all of the system 's stations. New portable track vacuum systems are in the works as the MTA is working with two manufacturers. Three new powerful vacuum trains, two arriving in 2017, and the third in 2018, and 27 new refuse cars will be part of the operation. On March 28, 2017, the New York State Comptroller, Thomas DiNapoli, announced the MTA 's pilot program to remove trash cans had been scrapped. His office had criticized the agency for the program. Typical subway car exterior in the late 1970s Measures against rats Program for removing garbage bins from stations Noise Rolling stock on the New York City Subway produces high levels of noise that exceed guidelines set by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In 2006, Columbia University 's Mailman School of Public Health found noise levels averaged 95 decibel ( dB ) inside subway cars and 94 dB on platforms. Daily exposure to noise at such levels for as little as 30 minutes can lead to hearing loss. Noise on one in 10 platforms exceeded 100 dB. Under WHO and EPA guidelines, noise exposure at that level is limited to 1.5 minutes. A subsequent study by Columbia and the University of Washington found higher average noise levels in the subway ( 80.4 dB ) than on commuter trains including Port Authority Trans - Hudson ( PATH ) ( 79.4 dB ), Metro - North ( 75.1 dB ) and Long Island Rail Road ( LIRR ) ( 74.9 dB ). Since the decibel scale is a logarithmic scale, sound at 95 dB is 10 times more intense than at 85 dB, 100 times more intense than at 75 dB, and so forth. In the second study, peak subway noise registered at 102.1 dB. For the construction of the Second Avenue Subway, the MTA, with the engineering firm Arup, worked to reduce the noise levels in stations. In order to reduce noise for all future stations starting with the Second Avenue Subway, the MTA is investing in low - vibration track using ties encased in concrete - covered rubber and neoprene pads. Continuously welded rail, which is also being installed, reduces the noise being made by the wheels of trains. The biggest change that is going to be made is in the design of stations. Current stations were built with tile and stone, which bounce sound everywhere, while newer stations will have the ceilings lined with absorbent fiberglass or mineral wool that will direct sound toward the train and not the platform. With less noise from the trains, platform announcements could be heard more clearly. They will be clearer with speakers spaced periodically on the platform, angled so that announcements can be heard by the riders. The Second Avenue Subway has the first stations to test this technology. Public relations The New York City Board of Transportation, and its successor, MTA New York City Transit, has had numerous events that promote increased ridership of their transit system. Miss Subways Main article : Miss Subways An advertisement for Miss Subways at the New York Transit Museum From 1941 to 1976, the Board of Transportation / New York City Transit Authority sponsored the `` Miss Subways '' publicity campaign. In the musical On the Town, the character Miss Turnstiles is based on the Miss Subways campaign. The campaign was resurrected in 2004, for one year, as `` Ms. Subways ''. It was part of the 100th anniversary celebrations. The monthly campaign, which included the winners ' photos and biographical blurbs on placards in subway cards, featured such winners as Mona Freeman and prominent New York City restaurateur Ellen Goodman. The winner of this contest was Caroline Sanchez - Bernat, an actress from Morningside Heights. Subway series Main article : Subway Series An R142 subway train in a special livery for the 2000 Subway Series Subway Series is a term applied to any series of baseball games between New York City teams, as opposing teams can travel to compete merely by using the subway system. Subway Series is a term long used in New York, going back to series between the Brooklyn Dodgers or New York Giants and the New York Yankees in the 1940s and 1950s. Today, the term is used to describe the rivalry between the Yankees and the New York Mets. During the 2000 World Series, cars on the 4 train ( which stopped at Yankee Stadium ) were painted with Yankee colors, while cars on the 7 train ( which stopped at Shea Stadium ) had Mets colors. The term could also be applied to the rivalry between the New York Knicks and the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association, or the New York Rangers and the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League ever since the Nets and the Islanders moved to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. Holiday train Nostalgia Train at Second Avenue station in 2016 Since 2003, the MTA has operated a Holiday Train on Sundays in November and December, from the first Sunday after Thanksgiving to the Sunday before Christmas Day. This train was made of cars from the R1 through R9 series, which have been preserved by Railway Preservation Corp. and the New York Transit Museum. The route made all stops between Second Avenue in Manhattan and Queens Plaza in Queens via the IND Sixth Avenue Line and the IND Queens Boulevard Line. In 2011, the train operated on Saturdays instead of Sundays. In 2017, the train ran between Second Avenue and 96th Street. The contract, car numbers ( and year built ) used were Arnines, specifically R1 100 ( built 1930 ), R1 381 ( 1931 ), R4 401 ( 1932 ), R4 484 ( 1932 ) -- Bulls Eye lighting and a test P.A. system added in 1946, R6 - 3 1000 ( 1935 ), R6 - 1 1300 ( 1937 ), R7A 1575 ( 1938 ) -- rebuilt in 1947 as a prototype for the R10 subway car, and R9 1802 ( 1940 ). See also New York City Subway portal List of metro systems List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership Graffiti in New York Staten Island Railway Subway Challenge New York City Subway in popular culture Transportation in New York City Notes Jump up ^ These are the physical tracks that a train `` service '' runs on. See New York City Subway nomenclature for more information. Jump up ^ These `` services '' run on physical tracks. See New York City Subway nomenclature for more information. ^ Jump up to : There are 13 stations on the IND Second Avenue Line and 1 station on the IRT Flushing Line planned. The Second Avenue Line has 3 active stations. 13 of these are planned. The Tenth Avenue station will be constructed as an in - fill station once funding for it is secured. ^ Jump up to : Permanently closed stations are not counted. Both the Chambers Street -- World Trade Center ( IND Eighth Avenue Line ) and Canal Street ( BMT Broadway Line ) stations are considered two stations each by the MTA. If both of them are counted as one station each, the number of stations in the New York City Subway is 470 stations ( or 424 by international standards ). Jump up ^ The IRT main line, which is considered to be the first New York City `` subway '' line, opened in 1904 ; however, the Ninth Avenue Line, a predecessor elevated railroad line, operated its first trial run on July 3, 1868 according to Facts and Figures 1979 -- 80, published by the New York City Transit Authority See also nycsubway.org ; and the West End Line, which opened in 1863. A small portion of the latter line 's original right - of - way, part of an extension opened in 1864, is still in daily use near Coney Island. thethirdrail.net Archived May 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Highest daily ridership since public takeover. In the first half of the 20th century, ridership was significantly higher. Jump up ^ There is one station ( 10th Avenue ) planned as a future infill station. See Outcry emerges for 41st St. stop on new 7 - line Jump up ^ See also FASTRACK Jump up ^ The Times Square and Grand Central stations of the IRT 42nd Street Shuttle are closed during late nights. Jump up ^ See : Korman, Joe ( December 4, 2017 ). `` IRT Car Assignments ''. JoeKorNer. Korman, Joe ( January 12, 2018 ). `` BMT - IND Car Assignments ''. JoeKorNer. References ^ Jump up to : `` Introduction to Subway Ridership ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). Retrieved July 12, 2018. Jump up ^ `` web.mta.info/capital/sas_docs/final_summary_report.pdf '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` MTA releases Second Avenue subway images ''. Jump up ^ `` Outcry emerges for 41st St. stop on new 7 - line ''. ^ Jump up to : `` Station Developers ' Information ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 13, 2017. Jump up ^ Fifty Years of Rapid Transit ( 1918 ) Jump up ^ `` The MTA Network ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved February 22, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` 1 Subway Line Profile '' ( PDF ). NYPRIG Straphangers Campaign. Retrieved February 28, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 '' ( pdf ). Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). July 26, 2017. p. 168 ( PDF p. 169 ). Retrieved August 8, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Facts & Figures -- Subways ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved March 9, 2014. Jump up ^ `` The Railway Power Stations of New York City ''. Engineering and Technology History. Retrieved September 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Average schedule speed : How does Metro compare ? ''. ^ Jump up to : Hood, Clifton ( 2004 ). 722 Miles : The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8054 - 4. Jump up ^ `` Metropolitan Transportation Authority Description and Board Structure Covering Fiscal Year 2009 '' ( PDF ). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` What is the largest metro system in the world ? ''. CityMetric. Retrieved March 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` How to Ride the Subway ''. Retrieved November 17, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Should New York 's Subway Map Embrace NJ 's PATH Trains ? ''. Curbed NY. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` AirTrain -- Ground Transportation -- John F. Kennedy International Airport -- Port Authority of New York & New Jersey ''. www.panynj.gov. Retrieved March 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` MTA / New York City Transit -- Where MetroCard Is Accepted ''. web.mta.info. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 '' ( PDF ). Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). May 2, 2012. p. 148. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 22, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Subways ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2015. Jump up ^ Emma G. Fitzsimmons ( November 16, 2014 ). `` M.T.A. Expected to Raise Fares and Tolls ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2014. Jump up ^ Goldstein, Jack ( October 8, 2013 ). 101 Amazing Facts About New York. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781783333059. ^ Jump up to : Brennan, Joseph ( 2005 ). `` They found the tube in excellent condition ''. Beach Pneumatic. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Inventor of the Week : Archive ''. March 6, 2014. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Pneumatic Tunnel Under Broadway ( 1870 ) ''. nycsubway.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved July 7, 2008. ( extract from Scientific American March 5, 1870 ) Jump up ^ nycsubway.org -- Beach Pneumatic Transit Jump up ^ Blankinger, Kari ( March 1, 2016 ). `` NYC 's first subway was luxurious, pneumatic and built illegally ''. New York Daily News. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Martin, Douglas ( November 17, 1996 ). `` Subway Planners ' Lofty Ambitions Are Buried as Dead - End Curiosities ''. nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Jump up ^ Santora, Marc ( August 14, 2013 ). `` When the New York City Subway Ran Without Rails ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Christiano, G.J. `` The Blizzard of 1888 ; the Impact of this Devastating Storm on New York Transit ''. nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` American Experience. Technology. New York Underground. About the Program PBS ''. www.pbs.org. Retrieved March 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` New York City subway opens -- Oct 27, 1904 ''. history.com. October 27, 1904. Retrieved October 25, 2015. ^ Jump up to : James Blaine Walker, Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864 -- 1917, published 1918, pp. 162 -- 191 Jump up ^ `` The 9th Avenue Elevated - Polo Grounds Shuttle ''. nycsubway.org. 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Specter of the 5 ¢ fare haunts the current fare hike debate ''. Second Ave. Sagas. Retrieved February 25, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Our Subway Open, 150,000 Try It -- Mayor McClellan Runs the First Official Train '' ( PDF ). the New York Times. October 28, 1904. Retrieved February 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Done at Last ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. May 13, 1885. p. 1. Jump up ^ `` Halsey Street Station Opened ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. August 19, 1885. p. 4. Jump up ^ `` A New Station Opened ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. July 18, 1885. p. 4. Jump up ^ `` East New York ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. June 13, 1885. p. 6. Jump up ^ `` Still Extending Its Lines ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. September 5, 1885. p. 6. ^ Jump up to : `` www.nycsubway.org : BMT Nassau Street - Jamaica Line ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 25, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Opening of a New Railroad ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. October 5, 1863. p. 2. Jump up ^ `` Railroads ''. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. October 9, 1863. p. 1. Jump up ^ `` The Third Rail -- Gunther and his Railroad -- page 1 ''. www.thethirdrail.net. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2016. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : New Subways for New York : The Dual System of Rapid Transit ( 1913 ) ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains in New Subway ''. New York Times. September 10, 1932. p. 1. ^ Jump up to : Feinman, Mark S. ( 2000 ). `` History of the Independent Subway ''. nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Cudahy, Brian J. ( 1995 ). Under the Sidewalks of New York : The Story of the Greatest Subway System in the World. Fordham University Press. p. 118. ISBN 9780823216185. Jump up ^ `` Straphangers Sit As Tunnel Opens ''. New York Times. December 2, 1955. p. 29. Retrieved February 13, 2010. Jump up ^ Perlmutter, Emanuel ( November 16, 1967 ). `` Subway Changes to Speed Service : Major Alterations in Maps, Routes and Signs Will Take Effect Nov. 26 '' ( PDF ). nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Raskin, Joseph B. ( November 1, 2013 ), The Routes Not Taken : A Trip Through New York City 's Unbuilt Subway System, Fordham University Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 8232 - 5369 - 2 Jump up ^ `` A Division ''. August 6, 2011. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Sparberg, Andrew J. ( October 1, 2014 ). From a Nickel to a Token : The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8232 - 6190 - 1. Jump up ^ Cunningham, Joseph ; DeHart, Leonard O. ( 1993 ). A History of the New York City Subway System. J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang. Jump up ^ `` mta.info Facts and Figures ''. web.mta.info. Retrieved March 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Transport Workers Union Our History ''. www.twu.org. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ B. Freeman, Joshua. In Transit : The Transport Workers Union In New York City, 1933 -- 1966. Temple University Press. ISBN 9781592138159. Jump up ^ `` A Short History of Recent American Transit Strikes ''. The Transport Politic. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` A look back at the historic 1966 transit strike : Photos and more ''. am New York. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` N.Y. Transit Strike on ( January 1, 1966 ) ''. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 35 Years Ago This Week, the MTA Strikes for 11 Days in NYC Bringing Transit to a Halt ''. Untapped Cities. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer ( December 21, 2005 ). `` Citywide Strike Halts New York Subways and Buses ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` NYC Transit Workers On Strike ''. www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jump up ^ nycsubway.org -- The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s ^ Jump up to : nycsubway.org -- The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s Jump up ^ Lorch, Donatella ( October 29, 1989 ). `` The ' Subway to Nowhere ' Now Goes Somewhere ''. The New York Times. Retrieved October 20, 2011. Jump up ^ Johnson, Kirk ( December 9, 1988 ). `` Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2009. Jump up ^ Lentz, Phillip ( May 18, 1989 ). `` Graffiti Cleanup A Shiny Symbol Of Subway System ` s Turnaround ''. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 11, 2016. Jump up ^ U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center ( April 2002 ). `` Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations : New York City -- SEPTEMBER 11 ''. Retrieved November 5, 2013. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Kennedy, Randy. `` Tunnel Vision ; With Station 's Reopening, Even Commuters Smile '', The New York Times, September 17, 2002. Accessed October 6, 2007. Jump up ^ `` 1 9 2 3 Service Restored '' ( PDF ). mta.info. September 15, 2002. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 16, 2003. Retrieved December 25, 2017. Jump up ^ `` September 11 : Three Years Later ''. Brian Abbott. September 11, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Cortlandt Street Station, Damaged on Sept. 11, Reopens 17 Years Later ''. The New York Times. September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018. Jump up ^ `` WTC Cortlandt Subway Station Reopens for 1st Time Since 9 / 11 Attacks ''. NBC 4 New York. Associated Press. September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018. Jump up ^ `` mta.info : Superstorm Sandy Timeline ''. ^ Jump up to : `` www.nycsubway.org : The New York Subway : Chapter 02, Types and Methods of Construction ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved November 1, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Interborough Rapid Transit Company ( June 2007 ). IRT Interborough Rapid Transit / the New York City Subway : Its Design and Construction. Lulu.com. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4303 - 2550 - 5. Retrieved February 27, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Why It Was Faster To Build Subways in 1900 ''. Atlas Obscura. October 22, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : Design and Construction of the IRT : Civil Engineering ( Scott ) ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved April 15, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Subway Construction : Then and Now ''. The New York Public Library. Retrieved April 15, 2016. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : Subway FAQ : Facts and Figures ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : IRT White Plains Road Line ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Jump up ^ Cox, Jeremiah. `` Myrtle Av - Broadway ( J, M, Z ) -- The SubwayNut ''. www.subwaynut.com. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Jump up ^ Dougherty, Peter ( 2006 ) ( 2002 ). Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 ( 3rd ed. ). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 -- via Google Books. Jump up ^ DuTemple, Lesley A. ( October 1, 2002 ). The New York Subways. Twenty - First Century Books. ISBN 9780822503781. Retrieved January 28, 2016. Jump up ^ MacKechnie, Christopher. `` The Two Methods of Subway Construction ''. about.com. Retrieved May 7, 2014. In exchange for these advantages are two major disadvantages. One is financial : `` deep bore '' construction costs significantly more than ' cut and cover ' Jump up ^ `` No. 7 Subway Line Extension ''. Richard Dattner & Partners Architects. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2010. Jump up ^ `` West Side Development Project Gets The Green Light ''. NY1. December 21, 2009. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2010. Jump up ^ Cuza, Bobby ( February 19, 2009 ). `` Crews Lower Giant Drill Into 7 Line Tunnel ''. NY1. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2010. Jump up ^ `` New York State Society of Professional Engineers Recognizes No. 7 Line Project ''. Tunnel Business Magazine. July 3, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013. Jump up ^ `` `` Blasting on Second Avenue ''. thelaunchbox.blogspot.com. March 22, 2010. Jump up ^ Siff, Andrew ( May 14, 2010 ). `` 2nd Ave. Subway Tunnel Dig Begins ''. WNBC. Retrieved May 14, 2010. Jump up ^ `` MTA news Tunneling Begins Under Second Avenue ''. www.mta.info. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Various ( September 23, 2011 ). `` Second Avenue Subway has a breakthrough moment ; several billion more are all the M.T.A. wants ''. Capital New York. Retrieved March 31, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Duffus, R.L. ( September 22, 1929 ). `` Our Great Subway Network Spreads Wider -- New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York ''. The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2015. Jump up ^ `` 100 Miles of Subway in New City Project ; 52 of them in Queens '' ( PDF ). New York Times. September 16, 1929. Retrieved March 25, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The futureNYCSubway : The IND Second System ''. vanshnookenraggen. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ nycsubway.org -- History of the Independent Subway Jump up ^ O'Grade, Jim ( January 3, 2012 ). `` Lost Subways : Abandoned Stations and Unbuilt Lines ''. wnyc.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` New Subway Line on 6th Ave. Opens at Midnight Fete ''. The New York Times. December 15, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved October 7, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Rail Line is Added to Subway System ''. The New York Times. May 16, 1941. p. 25. Retrieved October 4, 2011. Jump up ^ Freeman, Ira Henry ( June 28, 1956 ). `` Rockaway Trains to Operate Today '' ( PDF ). nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rapid Transit Service Coming Brochure ''. www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. July 1, 1968. Retrieved January 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` KK a new service ''. www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. July 1, 1968. Retrieved January 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` IRT Passengers Get New 148th St. Station ''. The New York Times. May 14, 1968. p. 95. Retrieved October 4, 2011. Jump up ^ Johnson, Kirk ( December 9, 1988 ). `` Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2009. Jump up ^ Lorch, Donatella ( October 29, 1989 ). `` The ' Subway to Nowhere ' Now Goes Somewhere ''. The New York Times. Retrieved October 20, 2011. Jump up ^ Donohue, Pete ( March 17, 2009 ). `` MTA opens new $530 M South Ferry station ''. New York Daily News. Retrieved July 21, 2016. Jump up ^ Fitzsimmons, Emma G. ( September 10, 2015 ). `` Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side ''. The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Capital Programs 7 Line Extension ''. mta.info. September 13, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2016. Jump up ^ Ingram, David ( December 31, 2016 ). `` New York tale : a century - old subway dream becomes reality ''. Yahoo. Retrieved January 1, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Annual Information Statement 2001 Appendix A The Related Entities '' ( PDF ). Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). 2001. Retrieved April 26, 2015. Jump up ^ Tunneling to the Future : The Story of the Great Subway Expansion That Saved New York ( 2001 ). Jump up ^ `` Introduction to Subway Ridership ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ). Retrieved April 18, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Facts and Figures : Annual Subway Ridership 2012 -- 2017 ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018. Jump up ^ Goldman, Ari ( October 23, 1982 ). `` RIDERSHIP OF SUBWAYS SINCE 1917 ''. The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2017. Jump up ^ Subway Colors and Names on YouTube MTA YouTube Web Page. Made July 15, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Subway Service Guide September 2015 '' ( PDF ). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016. 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Newcomer 's Handbook for Moving to and Living in New York City : Including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, Staten Island, and Northern New Jersey. First Books Inc., Portland, Oregon. 2007. ISBN 978 - 0 - 912301 - 72 - 3. Page 336. Jump up ^ `` NYCT -- Service Advisory ''. travel.mtanyct.info. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` MTA / New York City Transit -- Subway Service Information ''. December 20, 2010. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` NYCT Subway ( @ NYCTSubway ) -- Twitter ''. Jump up ^ Official paint monikers since the colors were fixed in 1979 : Grynbaum, Michael ( May 10, 2010 ). `` Take the Tomato 2 Stops to the Sunflower ''. New York Times, City Room Blog. Retrieved May 11, 2010. Jump up ^ Official MTA video mentions `` lime green '' for the G line. `` Subway Colors and Names ''. MTA Info. July 15, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2010. Jump up ^ MTA Developer Resources Download, CSV file Jump up ^ New Subway Map is Here MTA.info website. Retrieved June 18, 2010. Jump up ^ `` The ( Mostly ) True Story of Helvetica and the New York City Subway ''. AIGA. aiga.org. November 18, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2009. Jump up ^ Hogarty, Dave ( August 3, 2007 ). `` Michael Hertz, Designer of the NYC Subway Map ''. Gothamist. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Late Night Subway Service '' ( PDF ). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 25, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Introducing The Weekender ''. MTA.info ( YouTube ). September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2011. Jump up ^ `` The Weekender ''. MTA.info. Retrieved October 12, 2013. Jump up ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. ( September 15, 2011 ). `` Aid for Baffled Weekend Subway Riders ''. The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Introducing ' The Weekender ' ''. MTA.info. September 16, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011. Jump up ^ `` MTA Launches Interactive Online Map Ahead Of Difficult Weekend For Subways ''. NY1. September 16, 2011. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2011. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ Subway Map Gets A Makeover NY1 local news channel. Retrieved May 28, 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Subway Entrance Stylings ''. Forgotten New York. February 14, 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2015. Jump up ^ Kennedy, Randy ( August 13, 2002 ). `` Tunnel Vision ; The Light at the Top of the Subway Stairs ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2008. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : Subway FAQ : Facts and Figures ''. ^ Jump up to : `` Reopening Closed Subway Entrances '' ( PDF ). pcac.org. New York City Transit Riders Council. November 2001. Retrieved December 6, 2015. Jump up ^ `` MTA New York City Transit Jay Street / Lawrence Street Stations Contract A-35913 / A-35914 / A-35927 / A-35978 '' ( PDF ). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 6, 2015. Jump up ^ `` www.nycsubway.org : IRT West Side Line ''. www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` MTA / New York City Transit -- Subway Station Booth ''. web.mta.info. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. ( October 8, 2009 ). `` M.T.A. Station Agent Cuts Leave Riders Lost ''. New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Riding Safely ''. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 6, 2015. Jump up ^ `` For Off - Hours, Subway Zones for Safer Waitlast = Goldman ''. The New York Times. March 8, 1982. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved April 15, 2016. first1 = missing last1 = in Authors list ( help ) Jump up ^ `` IND STation Lengths ''. August 6, 2011. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Map Reveals Shortage of Wheelchair - Accessible NYC Subway Stations ''. DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016. Jump up ^ `` mta.info Accessibility ''. web.mta.info. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` NYC Subway Needs $1.7 Billion In New Elevators, Feds Say ''. Curbed NY. Retrieved February 29, 2016. Jump up ^ Ross, Barbara ; Gregorian, Dareh ( June 29, 2016 ). `` Disability rights groups sue MTA over inaccessible subway station ''. NY Daily News. Retrieved July 7, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Rosenberg, Eli ( April 25, 2017 ). `` New York City 's Subway System Violates Local and Federal Laws, Disability Groups Say ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved April 26, 2017. Jump up ^ `` New York City Subway Car Fleet Jan 2012 through January 2016 ''. TheJoeKorner. Retrieved February 6, 2016. Jump up ^ `` BMT - IND Car Assignments -- December 6, 2015 ''. www.thejoekorner.com. Retrieved February 14, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` R - Type Cars 1932 to 1987 ''. www.thejoekorner.com. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Second Avenue Subway Draft Environmental Impact Statement, `` Glossary '' ( PDF ). ( 45.6 KB ) Jump up ^ `` 3.3. 3 A, C ( Fulton Street ) Line Services and Structural Issues '' ( PDF ). nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. 2007. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 6, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Car History ''. www.erictb.info. Retrieved March 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` R - Type Cars 1932 to 1987 ''. thejoekorner.com. Jump up ^ Chan, Sewell ( November 30, 2005 ). `` New Subway Cars Promise All Kinds of Information ''. The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2007. Jump up ^ R142 / A : Siegal, Nina ( October 1, 2000 ). `` NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT : NEW YORK UNDERGROUND ; 2 New Trains in the Subways : Catch Them if You Can ''. The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2016. R143 : `` Kawasaki completes NYCT R143 order. ( Market ). ( New York City Transit ) ( subway cars contract ) ''. Railway Age. HighBeam Research. March 1, 2003. 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WIRED. Retrieved June 19, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Miss Subways through the years : The iconic NYC beauty queens then and now ''. NY Daily News. Retrieved February 28, 2016. Jump up ^ Bayen, Ann ( March 29, 1976 ). `` Token Women ''. New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. p. 46. Jump up ^ Klein, Alvin ( June 6, 1993 ). `` ' On the Town ' in Revival at Goodspeed Opera ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Ms. Subway 2004 Crowned ''. Gothamist. Archived from the original on October 26, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Mets / Yankees Metrocard ''. June 14, 1997. Archived from the original on June 14, 1997. Retrieved February 15, 2016. Jump up ^ Araton, Harvey ( July 4, 2012 ). `` Nets Move to Brooklyn With Legitimacy in Sight ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved February 7, 2016. Jump up ^ McCarthy, Michael ( February 21, 2015 ). `` The NHL 's coming Subway Series : Islanders vs. Rangers ''. The Sporting News. Retrieved April 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Press Releases ''. mta.info. Jump up ^ `` Watch : MTA Adds A Dose Of ' Nostalgia ' With Vintage Trains ''. The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Ride into the past with the MTA Holiday Nostalgia Train ''. Metro US. November 20, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Holiday Subway ''. forgotten-ny.com. Forgotten New York. Retrieved March 25, 2016. External links Route map : KML file ( edit help ) Template : Attached KML / New York City Subway KML is not from Wikidata Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York City Subway. Official website Unofficial website The Absolute Beginner 's Guide to the New York Subway Books View or order collections of articles New York City Subway Portals Access related topics New York City portal Trains portal New York City Subway portal Find out more on Wikipedia 's Sister projects Media from Commons Data from Wikidata Links to related articles New York City Subway Current services Shuttles 42nd Street Franklin Avenue Rockaway Park Planned Defunct services 1985 -- present Pre-1985 8 AA BB CC EE ( Eighth Avenue ) EE ( Broadway ) GG HH ( Court Street ) JJ K ( Jamaica ) KK LL MJ NX QB QJ QT RJ RR T / TT Shuttles Bowling Green Broadway / 63rd Street Culver Grand Street Nassau Street Sixth Avenue / 63rd Street BMT numbers 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Brooklyn Loops East New York Loop Unused labels I, O, P, U, X, Y Stations By borough The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens By type Closed Terminals Transfer Accessible Divisions A Division IRT B Division BMT IND Other lists Lines Yards Rolling stock R - type contracts History Early history IRT BMT BRT Dual Contracts Expansions MTA Capital Construction Chrystie Street Connection Program for Action 7 Subway Extension Second Avenue Subway Historic proposals Other proposals Major crashes Ninth Avenue, 1905 Malbone Street, 1918 Times Square, 1928 Union Square, 1991 Williamsburg Bridge, 1995 Strikes 1966 1980 2005 Other major incidents 1984 shooting 2000 lawsuit 2017 attempted bombing 2017 -- 2018 transit crisis 2019 -- 2020 L train shutdown Infrastructure 58 Joralemon Street Fulton Center Corbin Building Dey Street Passageway Substations 7 18 219 401 IRT Dyckman - Hillside Arts and culture In popular culture Mass Transit Super Bowl Miss Subways MTA Arts & Design Music Under New York `` Showtime '' Subway Challenge Subway Series Tiles Miscellaneous Automation and signals Chaining Fares MetroCard Pizza Principle Map Nomenclature Technology Other rapid transit in NYC AirTrain JFK PATH Staten Island Railway Stations Historical Beach Pneumatic Transit Transportation in New York City Public transit AirTrain JFK Long Island Rail Road Metro - North Railroad MTA Regional Bus Operations Select Bus Service Bus lanes New York City Subway NJ Transit NYC Ferry PATH Roosevelt Island Tramway Staten Island Ferry Staten Island Railway Private transit Aviation Bridges and tunnels Bicycling Citi Bike Dollar vans Taxis Boro taxi Major construction projects Currently operating 7 Subway Extension Fulton Center Second Avenue Subway History World Trade Center Transportation Hub Canceled Access to the Region 's Core Lower Manhattan -- Jamaica / JFK Transportation Project Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway Program for Action Staten Island Tunnel Proposed / Future AirTrain LaGuardia Brooklyn -- Queens Connector East Side Access Gateway Program Moynihan Station Penn Station Access Staten Island light rail Traffic proposals Congestion pricing in New York City PlaNYC Vision Zero Operators Public Current NYC Department of Transportation Metropolitan Transportation Authority New York City Transit Authority Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Defunct Board of Transportation Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company Brooklyn -- Manhattan Transit Corporation Independent Subway System Interborough Rapid Transit Company Private Hornblower Cruises Liberty Water Taxi New York Water Taxi NY Waterway Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation Organizations Regional Plan Association Straphangers Campaign Transportation Alternatives Tri-State Transportation Campaign Other History Mass Transit Super Bowl Port of New York and New Jersey See also : Category Commons category Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bus Regional Bus Operations Rapid transit New York City Subway Staten Island Railway Commuter rail Long Island Rail Road Metro - 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built Chrystie Street ( BMT / IND ) 60th Street ( BMT / IND ) 63rd Street ( BMT / IND ) Astoria / Flushing lines ( BMT / IRT ) Coney Island -- Stillwell Avenue station ( BMT / IND ) Yards 207th Street Yard ( IND / IRT ) Coney Island Complex ( BMT / IND ) Concourse Yard ( IND / IRT ) Linden Shops ( BMT / IRT / LIRR ) Other Proposed and never - built lines IND Second System lines Program for Action lines Staten Island Tunnel South Brooklyn Railway Note that this is a list of New York City Subway lines, which are the physical infrastructure over which services operate. Lines with colors next to them are trunk lines ; trunk lines determine the color of New York City Subway service bullets, except for shuttles, which are dark gray. New York City Subway rolling stock Current B Division / SIR : R32 / A R42 R44 R46 R68 R68A NTT R143 R160 R179 A Division : R62 R62A NTT R142 R142A R188 Future B Division / SIR : R211 Retired ( R - type ) IND / BMT ( B Division ) : Arnines R1 R4 R6 R7 / A R9 R10 R11 / R34 R16 Redbirds R27 R30 / A R38 R40 / A R110B ( experimental ) Train of Many Metals IRT ( A Division ) : R12 R14 R15 R17 R21 R22 Redbirds R26 R28 R29 / R99 R33 R33WF R36 R36WF R110A ( experimental ) Train of Many Colors Retired ( private operators ) BMT / SIR Elevated : BU cars C - type Q - type Queens car Subway : AB Standard Bluebird Compartment Car D - type Triplex MS Multi-section car SIRT ME - 1 IRT Elevated : Manhattan El MUDC Subway : Composite Gibbs Hi - V Deck Roof Hi - V Hedley Hi - V Steinway Lo - V Flivver Lo - V Standard Lo - V World 's Fair Lo - V Work trains R8A R65 R127 / R134 R156 R161 Never built R39 R55 R83 See also : R - type contracts Members of international metro organizations Community of Metros ( CoMET ) Asia Beijing Subway Delhi Metro Guangzhou Metro Mass Rapid Transit MTR Seoul Metro Shanghai Metro Taipei Metro Europe Berlin U-Bahn London Underground Madrid Metro Moscow Metro Paris Métro Americas Mexico City Metro New York City Subway Santiago Metro São Paulo Metro Nova benchmarking group of Metros ( NOVA ) Asia Bangkok MRT Nanjing Metro Rapid KL Shenzhen Metro Europe Barcelona Metro Brussels Metro Docklands Light Railway Istanbul Metro Lisbon Metro Oslo Metro Tyne & Wear Metro Americas Buenos Aires Underground Montreal Metro Rio de Janeiro Metro Toronto subway Vancouver SkyTrain Oceania Sydney Trains Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Subway&oldid=865122602 '' Categories : Transportation in the New York metropolitan area Busking venues New York City Subway Rapid transit in New York ( state ) Railway lines opened in 1863 Underground rapid transit in the United States Standard gauge railways in the United States 600 V DC railway electrification Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown CS1 errors : missing author or editor CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with dead external links from March 2016 Articles with dead external links from March 2018 Use mdy dates from June 2018 Good articles Pages using Rail - interchange with newyork - s Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2016 Pages using New York City Subway service templates Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2007 Articles using KML not from Wikidata Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 贛 語 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 粵語 中文 45 more Edit links This page was last edited on 21 October 2018, at 21 : 54 ( UTC ). 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Question: who owns the subway system in new york city
Answer: the City of New York