Shirley Chisholm - wikipedia Shirley Chisholm Shirley Chisholm Chisholm in 1972 Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus In office January 3, 1977 -- January 3, 1981 Leader Tip O'Neill Preceded by Patsy Mink Succeeded by Geraldine Ferraro Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York 's 12th district In office January 3, 1969 -- January 3, 1983 Preceded by Edna Kelly Succeeded by Major Owens Member of the New York State Assembly from the 55th district In office January 1, 1967 -- December 31, 1968 Preceded by Herbert Marker Succeeded by Thomas Fortune Member of the New York State Assembly from the 45th district In office January 1, 1966 -- December 31, 1966 Preceded by Constituency established Succeeded by Max Turshen Member of the New York State Assembly from the King 's 17th district In office January 1, 1965 -- December 31, 1965 Preceded by Thomas Jones Succeeded by Constituency abolished Personal details Shirley Anita St. Hill ( 1924 - 11 - 30 ) November 30, 1924 New York City, United States January 1, 2005 ( 2005 - 01 - 01 ) ( aged 80 ) Ormond Beach, Florida, United States Resting place Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, New York Political party Democratic Spouse ( s ) Conrad Chisholm ( 1949 -- 1977 ) Arthur Hardwick ( 1977 -- 1986 ) Alma mater Brooklyn College Teachers College, Columbia University Shirley Anita Chisholm ( née St. Hill ; November 30, 1924 -- January 1, 2005 ) was an American politician, educator, and author. In 1968, she became the first black woman elected to the United States Congress, and she represented New York 's 12th Congressional District for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In 1972, she became the first black candidate for a major party 's nomination for President of the United States, and the first woman to run for the Democratic Party 's presidential nomination. In 2015, Chisholm was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career as educator 3 State legislator 4 Member of Congress 4.1 Initial election 4.2 Early terms 4.3 1972 presidential campaign 4.4 Later terms 5 Subsequent years and death 6 Legacy 7 Awards and honors 8 Writings 9 See also 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External links Early life and education Shirley Anita St. Hill was born on November 30, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York, to immigrant parents from the Caribbean region. She had three younger sisters, two born within three years after St. Hill, one later. Their father, Charles Christopher St. Hill, was born in British Guiana, lived in Barbados for a while, and then arrived in the United States via Antilla, Cuba, on April 10, 1923, aboard the S.S. Munamar in New York City. Their mother, Ruby Seale, was born in Christ Church, Barbados, and arrived in New York City aboard the S.S. Pocone on March 8, 1921. Her father was an unskilled laborer who sometimes worked in a factory that made burlap bags, but when he could not find factory employment instead worked as a baker 's helper, while her mother was a skilled seamstress and domestic worker who had trouble working and raising the children at the same time. As a consequence, in November 1929 as St. Hill turned five, she and her two sisters were sent to Barbados on the S.S. Vulcana to live with their maternal grandmother, Emaline Seale. There they lived on the grandmother 's farm in the Vauxhall village in Christ Church, where she attended a one - room schoolhouse that took education seriously. She did not return to the United States until May 19, 1934, aboard the SS Nerissa in New York. As a result, St. Hill spoke with a recognizable West Indian accent throughout her life. In her 1970 autobiography Unbought and Unbossed, she wrote : `` Years later I would know what an important gift my parents had given me by seeing to it that I had my early education in the strict, traditional, British - style schools of Barbados. If I speak and write easily now, that early education is the main reason. '' As a result of her time on the island, and regardless of her U.S. birth, St. Hill would always consider herself a Barbadian American. Regarding the role of her grandmother, she later said, `` Granny gave me strength, dignity, and love. I learned from an early age that I was somebody. I did n't need the black revolution to tell me that. '' Beginning in 1939, St. Hill attended Girls ' High School in the Bedford -- Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, a highly regarded, integrated school that attracted girls from throughout Brooklyn. St. Hill earned her Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in 1946, where she won prizes for her debating skills. She was a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. St. Hill met Conrad O. Chisholm in the late 1940s. He had come to the U.S. from Jamaica in 1946 and later became a private investigator who specialized in negligence - based lawsuits. They married in 1949 in a large West Indian - style wedding. Chisholm taught in a nursery school while furthering her education, earning her MA in elementary education from Teachers College at Columbia University in 1952. Career as educator From 1953 to 1959, she was director of the Friends Day Nursery in Brownsville, Brooklyn, and of the Hamilton - Madison Child Care Center in lower Manhattan. From 1959 to 1964, she was an educational consultant for the Division of Day Care. She became known as an authority on issues involving early education and child welfare. Running a day care center got her interested in politics, and during this time she formed the basis of her political career, working as a volunteer for white - dominated political clubs in Brooklyn, and with the Bedford - Stuyvesant Political League and the League of Women Voters. With the Political League she was part of a committee that chose the recipient of its annual Brotherhood Award. She also was a representative of the Brooklyn branch of the National Association of College Women. State legislator Chisholm reviewing political statistics in 1965. Chisholm was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly from 1965 to 1968, sitting in the 175th, 176th and 177th New York State Legislatures. By May 1965 she had already been honored in a `` Salute to Women Doers '' affair in New York. One of her early activities in the Assembly was to argue against the state 's literacy test requiring English, holding that just because a person `` functions better in his native language is no sign a person is illiterate. '' By early 1966 she was a leader in a push by the statewide Council of Elected Negro Democrats for black representation on key committees in the Assembly. Her successes in the legislature included getting unemployment benefits extended to domestic workers. She also sponsored the introduction of a SEEK program ( Search for Education, Elevation and Knowledge ) to the state, which provided disadvantaged students the chance to enter college while receiving intensive remedial education. In August 1968, she was elected as the Democratic National Committeewoman from New York State. Member of Congress Initial election In 1968 she ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from New York 's 12th congressional district, which as part of a court - mandated reapportionment plan had been significantly redrawn to focus on Bedford - Stuyvesant and was thus expected to result in Brooklyn 's first black member of Congress. ( Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. had, in 1945, become the first black member of Congress from New York City as a whole. ) As a result of the redrawing, the white incumbent in the former 12th, Representative Edna F. Kelly, sought re-election in a different district. Chisholm announced her candidacy around January 1968 and established some early organizational support. Her campaign slogan was `` Unbought and unbossed ''. In the June 18, 1968, Democratic primary, Chisholm defeated two other black opponents, State Senator William S. Thompson and labor official Dollie Robertson. In the general election, she staged an upset victory over James L. Farmer, Jr., the former director of the Congress of Racial Equality who was running as a Liberal Party candidate with Republican support, winning by an approximately two - to - one margin. Chisholm thereby became the first black woman elected to Congress. Early terms Chisholm was assigned to the House Agricultural Committee. Given her urban district, she felt the placement was irrelevant to her constituents. When Chisholm confided to Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson that she was upset and insulted by her assignment, Schneerson suggested that she use the surplus food to help the poor and hungry. Chisholm subsequently met Robert Dole, and worked to expand the food stamp program. She later played a critical role in the creation of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children ( WIC ) program. Chisholm would credit Schneerson for the fact that so many `` poor babies ( now ) have milk and poor children have food. '' Chisholm was then also placed on the Veterans ' Affairs Committee. Soon after, she voted for Hale Boggs as House Majority Leader over John Conyers. As a reward for her support, Boggs assigned her to the much - prized Education and Labor Committee, which was her preferred committee. She was the third highest - ranking member of this committee when she retired from Congress. All those Chisholm hired for her office were women ; half of these were black. Chisholm said that she had faced much more discrimination during her New York legislative career because she was a woman than because of her race. Chisholm joined the Congressional Black Caucus in 1971 as one of its founding members. In the same year, she was also a founding member of the National Women 's Political Caucus. In May 1971 she, along with fellow New York Congresswoman Bella Abzug, introduced a bill to provide $10 billion in federal funds for child care services by 1975. A less expensive version introduced by Senator Walter Mondale eventually passed the House and Senate as the Comprehensive Child Development Bill, but was vetoed by President Richard Nixon in December 1971, who said it was too expensive and would undermine the institution of the family. Portrait of Chisholm by Kadir Nelson in the Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives 1972 presidential campaign Chisholm began exploring her candidacy in July 1971, and formally announced her presidential bid on January 25, 1972, in a Baptist church in her district in Brooklyn. There she called for a `` bloodless revolution '' at the forthcoming Democratic nomination convention. Chisholm became the first black major - party candidate to run for President of the United States, in the 1972 U.S. presidential election, making her also the first woman ever to run for the Democratic Party 's presidential nomination ( U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith had previously run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1964 ). Her campaign was underfunded, only spending $300,000 in total. She also struggled to be regarded as a serious candidate instead of as a symbolic political figure ; she was ignored by much of the Democratic political establishment and received little support from her black male colleagues. She later said, `` When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men. '' In particular, she expressed frustration about the `` black matriarch thing '', saying, `` They think I am trying to take power from them. The black man must step forward, but that does n't mean the black woman must step back. '' Her husband, however, was fully supportive of her candidacy and said, `` I have no hangups about a woman running for president. '' Security was also a concern, as during the campaign three confirmed threats were made against her life ; Conrad Chisholm served as her bodyguard until U.S. Secret Service protection was given to her in May 1972. Chisholm skipped the initial March 7 New Hampshire contest, instead focusing on the March 14 Florida primary, which she thought would be receptive due to its `` blacks, youth and a strong women 's movement ''. But due to organizational difficulties and Congressional responsibilities, she only made two campaign trips there and ended with 3.5 percent of the vote for a seventh - place finish. Chisholm had difficulties gaining ballot access, but campaigned or received votes in primaries in fourteen states. Her largest number of votes came in the June 6 California primary, where she received 157,435 votes for 4.4 percent and a fourth - place finish, while her best percentage in a competitive primary came in the May 6 North Carolina one, where she got 7.5 percent for a third - place finish. Overall, she won 28 delegates during the primaries process itself. Chisholm 's base of support was ethnically diverse and included the National Organization for Women. Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem attempted to run as Chisholm delegates in New York. Altogether during the primary season, she received 430,703 votes, which was 2.7 percent of the total of nearly 16 million cast and represented seventh place among the Democratic contenders. At the 1972 Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida, there were still efforts taking place by the campaign of former Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey to stop the nomination of Senator George McGovern. After that failed and McGovern 's nomination was assured, as a symbolic gesture, Humphrey released his black delegates to Chisholm. This, combined with defections from disenchanted delegates from other candidates, as well as the delegates she had won in the primaries, gave her a total of 152 first - ballot votes for the nomination during the July 12 roll call. ( Her precise total was 151.95. ) Her largest support overall came from Ohio, with 23 delegates ( slightly more than half of them white ), even though she had not been on the ballot in the May 2 primary there. Her total gave her fourth place in the roll call tally, behind McGovern 's winning total of 1,728 delegates. Chisholm said she ran for the office `` in spite of hopeless odds... to demonstrate the sheer will and refusal to accept the status quo. '' Among the volunteers who were inspired by her campaign was Barbara Lee, who continued to be politically active and was elected as a congresswoman 25 years later. It is sometimes stated that Chisholm won a primary during 1972, or won three states overall, with New Jersey, Louisiana, and Mississippi being so identified. None of these fit the usual definition of winning a plurality of the contested popular vote or delegate allocations at the time of a state primary or caucus or state convention. In the June 6 New Jersey primary, there was a complex ballot that featured both a delegate selection vote and a non-binding, non-delegate - producing `` beauty contest '' presidential preference vote. In the delegate selection vote, Democratic front - runner Senator George McGovern defeated his main rival at that point, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, and won the large share of available delegates. Most of the Democratic candidates were not on the preference ballot, including McGovern and Humphrey ; of the two that were, Chisholm and former governor of North Carolina Terry Sanford, Sanford had withdrawn from the contest three weeks earlier. In the actual preference ballot voting, which the Associated Press described as `` meaningless '', Chisholm received the majority of votes : 51,433, which was 66.9 percent. During the actual balloting at the national convention, Chisholm received votes from only 4 of New Jersey 's 109 delegates, with 89 going to McGovern. In the May 13 Louisiana caucuses, there was a battle between forces of McGovern and Governor George Wallace ; nearly all of the delegates chosen were those who identified as uncommitted, many of them black. Leading up to the convention, McGovern was thought to control 20 of Louisiana 's 44 delegates, with most of the rest uncommitted. During the actual roll call at the national convention, Louisiana passed at first, then cast 181⁄2 of its 44 votes for Chisholm, with the next best finishers being McGovern and Senator Henry M. Jackson with 101⁄4 each. As one delegate explained, `` Our strategy was to give Shirley our votes for sentimental reasons on the first ballot. However, if our votes would have made the difference, we would have gone with McGovern. '' In Mississippi, there were two rival party factions that each selected delegates at their own state conventions and caucuses : `` regulars '' representing the mostly white state Democratic Party and `` loyalists '' representing many blacks and white liberals. Each slate professed to be largely uncommitted, but the regulars were thought to favor Wallace and the loyalists McGovern. By the time of the national convention, the loyalists were seated following a credentials challenge, and their delegates were characterized as mostly supporting McGovern, with some support for Humphrey. During the convention, some McGovern delegates became angry about what they saw as statements from McGovern that backed away from his commitment to end U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, and cast protest votes for Chisholm as a result. During the actual balloting, Mississippi went in the first half of the roll call, and cast 12 of its 25 votes for Chisholm, with McGovern coming next with 10 votes. During the campaign the German filmmaker Peter Lilienthal shot the documentary film Shirley Chisholm for President for German Television channel ZDF. Later terms Chisholm at the 1984 Democratic National Convention Chisholm created controversy when she visited rival and ideological opposite George Wallace in the hospital soon after his shooting in May 1972, during the presidential primary campaign. Several years later, when Chisholm worked on a bill to give domestic workers the right to a minimum wage, Wallace helped gain votes of enough Southern congressmen to push the legislation through the House. From 1977 to 1981, during the 95th Congress and 96th Congress, Chisholm was elected to a position in the House Democratic leadership, as Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus. Throughout her tenure in Congress, Chisholm worked to improve opportunities for inner - city residents. She was a vocal opponent of the draft and supported spending increases for education, health care and other social services, and reductions in military spending. In the area of national security and foreign policy, Chisholm worked for the revocation of Internal Security Act of 1950. She opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and the expansion of weapon developments. During the Jimmy Carter administration, she called for better treatment of Haitian refugees. Chisholm 's first marriage ended in divorce in February 1977. Later that year she married Arthur Hardwick, Jr., a former New York State Assemblyman whom Chisholm had known when they both served in that body and who was now a Buffalo liquor store owner. Chisholm had no children. Hardwick was subsequently injured in an automobile accident ; desiring to take care of him, and also dissatisfied with the course of liberal politics in the wake of the Reagan Revolution, she announced her retirement from Congress in 1982. Hardwick died in 1986. Subsequent years and death Shirley Chisholm ( center ) with Congressman Edolphus Towns ( left ) and his wife, Gwen Towns ( right ) External video Shirley Chisholm Memorial Service, Congressional Black Caucus, February 15, 2005, C - SPAN After leaving Congress, Chisholm made her home in suburban Williamsville, New York. She resumed her career in education, being named to the Purington Chair at the all - women Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts. As such she was not a member of any particular department, but would be able to teach classes in a variety of areas ; those previously holding the position included W.H. Auden, Bertrand Russell, and Arna Bontemps. At Mount Holyoke, she taught politics and sociology from 1983 to 1987. She focused on undergraduate courses that covered politics as it involved women and race. Dean of faculty Joseph Ellis later said that Chisholm `` contributed to the vitality of the College and gave the College a presence. '' In 1985 she was a visiting scholar at Spelman College. During those years, she continued to give speeches at colleges, by her own count visiting over 150 campuses since becoming nationally known. She told students to avoid polarization and intolerance : `` If you do n't accept others who are different, it means nothing that you 've learned calculus. '' Continuing to be involved politically, she traveled to visit different minority groups and urging them to become a strong force at the local level. In 1984 and 1988, she campaigned for Jesse Jackson for the presidential elections. In 1990, Chisholm, along with 15 other black women and men, formed the African - American Women for Reproductive Freedom. Chisholm retired to Florida in 1991. In 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated her to be United States Ambassador to Jamaica, but she could not serve due to poor health and the nomination was withdrawn. In the same year she was inducted into the National Women 's Hall of Fame. Chisholm died on January 1, 2005, in Ormond Beach near Daytona Beach, after suffering several strokes. She is buried in the Oakwood Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, where the legend inscribed on her vault reads : `` Unbought and Unbossed ''. Legacy In February 2005, Shirley Chisholm ' 72 : Unbought and Unbossed, a documentary film, aired on U.S public television. It chronicled Chisholm 's 1972 bid for the Democratic presidential nomination. It was directed and produced by independent African - American filmmaker Shola Lynch. The film was featured at the Sundance Film Festival in 2004. On April 9, 2006, the film was announced as a winner of a Peabody Award. Chisholm 's legacy came into renewed prominence during the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, when Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton staged their historic ' firsts ' battle -- where the victor would either be the first major party African - American nominee, or the first woman nominee -- with at least one observer crediting Chisholm 's 1972 campaign as having paved the way for both of them. The Shirley Chisholm Center for Research on Women exists at Brooklyn College to promote research projects and programs on women and to preserve the legacy of Chisholm. The college 's library also houses an archive called the Shirley Chisholm Project on Brooklyn Women 's Activism. In 2014, the first adult biography of Chisholm was published, Shirley Chisholm : Catalyst for Change, by Brooklyn College history professor Barbara Winslow. Until then, only several juvenile biographies had appeared. Chisholm 's speech `` For the Equal Rights Amendment '', given in 1970, is listed as # 91 in American Rhetoric 's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century ( listed by rank ). Chisholm has had a profound impact on other women of color in politics. California Congresswoman Barbara Lee stated in 2017 interview that Chisholm had a profound impact on her career. Awards and Honors Chisholm was the keynote speaker at Hunter College 's graduation in 1971. In 1974, Chisholm was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Aquinas College and was their commencement speaker. In 1975, Chisholm was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Smith College. In 1991, Chisholm was the commencement speaker at East Stroudsburg University in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, where she received the first ever conferred honorary doctorate from the university. An annual ESU student award was created in her honor. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women 's Hall of Fame. In 1996, she was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree by Stetson University, in Deland, Florida. In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Shirley Chisholm on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. On January 31, 2014, the Shirley Chisholm Forever Stamp was issued. It is the 37th stamp in the Black Heritage series of U.S. stamps. In November 2015, Chisholm was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama at a ceremony in the White House. Writings Chisholm wrote two autobiographical books. Chisholm, Shirley ( 1970 ). Unbought and Unbossed. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978 - 0 - 395 - 10932 - 8. Chisholm, Shirley ( 2010 ). Scott Simpson, ed. Unbought and Unbossed : Expanded 40th Anniversary Edition. Take Root Media. ISBN 978 - 0 - 9800590 - 2 - 1. Also available via the editor Scott Simpson 's site. Chisholm, Shirley ( 1973 ). The Good Fight. Harper Collins. ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 010764 - 2. See also List of African - American United States Representatives Women in the United States House of Representatives References This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article `` Shirley Chisholm '', which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL. Jump up ^ PBS P.O.V. documentary. Chisholm ' 72 : Unbought & Unbossed. ^ Jump up to : Freeman, Jo ( February 2005 ). `` Shirley Chisholm 's 1972 Presidential Campaign ''. University of Illinois at Chicago Women 's History Project. Archived from the original on 2014 - 11 - 11. ^ Jump up to : Phil Helsel - `` Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom, '' NBC News, November 24, 2015. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 25 Jump up ^ Brooks - Bertram and Nevergold, Uncrowned Queens, p. 146. ^ Jump up to : Moran, Sheila ( April 8, 1972 ). `` Shirley Chisholm 's running no matter what it costs her ''. The Free Lance -- Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. p. 16A. ^ Jump up to : Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, pp. 7 -- 8. ^ Jump up to : `` New York Passenger Lists, 1850 - 1957 ( database on - line ) ''. United States : The Generations Network. 1923 - 04 - 10. Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 20. Jump up ^ `` New York Passenger Lists, 1820 - 1957 ( database on - line ) ''. United States : The Generations Network. March 8, 1921. Retrieved July 7, 2008. ^ Jump up to : Barron, James ( January 3, 2005 ). `` Shirley Chisholm, ' Unbossed ' Pioneer in Congress, Is Dead at 80 ''. The New York Times. ^ Jump up to : Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, p. 9. Jump up ^ Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, pp. 10 -- 12. Jump up ^ `` New York Passenger Lists, 1820 - 1957 ( database on - line ) ''. United States : The Generations Network. 1934 - 05 - 19. Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 20. Jump up ^ Chisholm, Unbought and Unbossed, pp. 7 -- 8. Jump up ^ Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, p. 5. Jump up ^ Lesher, Stephan ( June 25, 1972 ). `` The Short, Unhappy Life Of Black Presidential Politics, 1972 ''. The New York Times Magazine. p. 12. Jump up ^ Shirley Chisholm, Unbought and Unbossed : Expanded 40th Anniversary Edition, Take Root Media, 2010, p. 38. ^ Jump up to : `` Shirley Chisholm, first black woman elected to Congress, dies ''. USA Today. Associated Press. January 2, 2005. ^ Jump up to : `` Conrad Chisholm Content To Be Candidate 's Husband ''. Sarasota Journal. Associated Press. February 29, 1972. p. 3B. Jump up ^ `` Paragon ' Brotherhood ' Meet : ' Protest ' Group to Albany ''. New York Age Defender. February 23, 1957. p. 4 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ Randolph, Juanita ( May 16, 1959 ). `` Tops in Teens ''. New York Age. p. 10 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ `` Women ' Doers ' in Government, Community Service Acclaimed at ' Salute ' Luncheon ''. Pittsburgh Courier. NPI. May 15, 1965. p. 8 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ `` Literacy Vote Test Is Made ''. The Daily Messenger. Canandaigua, New York. United Press International. May 19, 1965. p. 12 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ `` Travia, Negro Block Split on Meeting Results ''. The Kingston Daily Freeman. Associated Press. January 6, 1966. p. 9 -- via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to : `` Shirley Chisholm to speak at Hunter ''. The Afro - American. Baltimore. February 6, 1971. p. 13. ^ Jump up to : Madden, Richard L. ( November 6, 1968 ). `` Mrs. Chisholm Defeats Farmer, Is First Negro Woman in House ''. The New York Times. pp. 1, 25. ^ Jump up to : Caldwell, Earl ( February 26, 1968 ). `` 3 Negroes Weigh House Race In New Brooklyn 12th District ''. The New York Times. p. 29. ^ Jump up to : Schanberg, Sydney H. ( June 19, 1968 ). `` Seymour and Cellar Win House Contests ''. The New York Times. pp. 1, 31. Jump up ^ Joseph Telushkin, Rebbe : The Life and Teachings of Menachem M. Schneerson, the Most Influential Rabbi in Modern History. HarperCollins, 2014. Pages 13 - 14. Jump up ^ Carlson, Coralie ( January 3, 2005 ). `` Pioneering Politician, Candidate Dies ''. The Washington Post. Associated Press. p. A4. ^ Jump up to : `` Mrs. Chisholm, Mrs. Abzug Introduce Child Care Bill ''. The New York Times. Associated Press. May 18, 1971. Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Jack ( December 10, 1971 ). `` President Vetoes Child Care Plan As Irresponsible ''. The New York Times. p. 1. ^ Jump up to : Clack, Gary ( February 27, 2008 ). `` Shirley Chisholm broke ground before Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton ''. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Jump up ^ Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, p. 124. ^ Jump up to : Presidential Elections 1789 -- 2008 ( 5th ed. ). Volume 1. Washington, D.C. : CQ Press. 2005. pp. 366 -- 369 ( primaries ), 652 -- 653 ( convention ). Jump up ^ House resolution 97, Recognizing Contributions, Achievements, and Dedicated Work of Shirley Anita Chisholm, ( Congressional Record : June 12, 2001 ( House ). Page H3019 - H3025 ) From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access ( wais.access.gpo.gov ) ( DOCID : cr12jn01 - 85 ) Jump up ^ Delaney, Paul ( July 11, 1972 ). `` Humphrey Blacks to Vote For Mrs. Chisholm First ''. The New York Times. p. 1. ^ Jump up to : Petit, Michael D. ( July 22, 1972 ). `` Delegates were ready to switch to save day ''. The Afro - American. Baltimore. p. 2. ^ Jump up to : Sullivan, Ronald ( June 7, 1972 ). `` Dakotan Beats Humphrey By a Big Margin in Jersey ''. The New York Times. p. 1. Jump up ^ `` Sanford Is Withdrawing From N.J. '' The Times - News. Hendersonville, North Carolina. Associated Press. May 13, 1972. p. 12. Jump up ^ Mears, Walter R. ( June 7, 1972 ). `` McGovern Leads In California ''. Bangor Daily News. Associated Press. pp. 1, 3. Jump up ^ `` Wallace Gets 29 Tennessee Delegates ''. The News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. Associated Press. May 14, 1972. p. 4D. ^ Jump up to : Chaze, William L. ( July 8, 1972 ). `` Southern Delegates Are n't Solid ''. The Times - News. Hendersonville, North Carolina. Associated Press. p. 7. ^ Jump up to : Reed, Roy ( June 4, 1972 ). `` Democratic Factions in Mississippi Urged to Settle Delegate Fight ''. The New York Times. p. 53. Jump up ^ Watkins, Wesley ( July 13, 1972 ). `` Seniority seen as key to party merger ''. Delta Democrat - Times. Greenville, Mississippi. p. 3 -- via Newspapers.com. Jump up ^ `` Shirley Chisholm, pioneer in Congress, dies at 80 ''. NBC News. January 4, 2005. Jump up ^ `` Women Elected to Party Leadership Positions ''. Women in Congress. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 2008 - 07 - 30. Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Congress Honors Shirley Chisholm, the First African American Woman Representative ''. Democracy Now !. Archived from the original on 2007 - 11 - 15. Jump up ^ Charles R. Babcock, `` Rep. Chisholm Asks Equity For Haiti 's Black Refugees '', Washington Post, June 18, 1980. Jump up ^ `` Shirley Chisholm Memorial Service ''. C - SPAN. February 15, 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Haberman, Clyde ; Johnston, Laurie ( August 3, 1982 ). `` New York Day by Day : Shirley Chisholm 's New Job ''. The New York Times. ^ Jump up to : Manuel, Diane Casselberry ( December 13, 1983 ). `` For Shirley Chisholm, life in academia is hardly sedentary ''. The Christian Science Monitor. ^ Jump up to : `` Shirley Chisholm : Activist, Professor, and Congresswoman ''. College Street Journal. Mount Holyoke College. January 28, 2005. Jump up ^ `` Professor ''. Rome News - Tribune. Associated Press. November 15, 1982. p. 5. Jump up ^ Sandberg, Betsy ( February 18, 1988 ). `` Shirley Chisholm Sees Pat Robertson as Threat to Minorities, Women ''. Schenectady Gazette. p. 39. Jump up ^ Kathryn Cullen - DuPont ( 1 August 2000 ). Encyclopedia of women 's history in America. Infobase Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8160 - 4100 - 8. Retrieved 4 February 2012. Jump up ^ `` Statement on the Withdrawal of the Nomination of Shirley Chisholm To Be Ambassador to Jamaica ''. The White House. October 13, 1993. Jump up ^ National Women 's Hall of Fame, Women of the Hall - Shirley Chisholm Jump up ^ Steve Skafte ( 18 January 2004 ). `` Chisholm ' 72 : Unbought & Unbossed ( 2004 ) ''. IMDb. Jump up ^ 65th Annual Peabody Awards, May 2006. Jump up ^ `` Shirley Chisholm Center for Research on Women ''. Brooklyn College. Retrieved March 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Shirley Chisholm Project on Brooklyn Women 's Activism Content ''. Brooklyn College. Retrieved March 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Winslow, Shirley Chisholm, p. 153. Jump up ^ Michael E. Eidenmuller ( 2009 - 02 - 13 ). `` Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century by Rank ''. American Rhetoric. Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 27. Jump up ^ Michael E. Eidenmuller ( 1970 - 08 - 10 ). `` Shirley Chisholm - For the Equal Rights Amendment ( Aug 10, 1970 ) ''. American Rhetoric. Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Street Heat w / Congresswoman Barbara Lee & Linda Sarsour, episode # 45 of Politically Re-Active with W. Kamau Bell and Hari Kondabolu on Earwolf ''. www.earwolf.com. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Past Commencement Speakers and Honorary Degree Recipients ''. Aquinas College ( Michigan ). Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Honorary Degrees ''. Smith College. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Shirley Chisholm To Address E. Stroudsburg Graduates ''. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Home - National Women 's Hall of Fame ''. National Women 's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Stetson University Commencement Program ''. Stetson University. May 12, 1996. Jump up ^ `` Scott new Issues Update ''. Linn 's Stamp News. Sidney, Ohio : Amos Press, Inc.,. 87 ( 4455 ) : 60 -- 61. March 17, 2014. ISSN 0161 - 6234. Bibliography Brooks - Bertram, Peggy ; Nevergold, Barbara A. ( 2009 ). Uncrowned Queens, Volume 3 : African American Women Community Builders of Western New York. In Commemoration of the Centennial of the Niagara Movement. Buffalo, New York. ISBN 0 - 9722977 - 2 - 3. Winslow, Barbara ( 2014 ). Shirley Chisholm : Catalyst for Change. Lives of American Women. Boulder, Colorado : Westview Press. ISBN 0 - 8133 - 4769 - 6. Fitzpatrick, Ellen ( 2016 ). The Highest Glass Ceiling : Women 's Quest for the American Presidency. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674088931. LCCN 2015045620. External links Appearances on C - SPAN video of Shirley Chisholm declaring presidential bid, January 25, 1972 on YouTube Shirley Chisholm 's Unbought and Unbossed book web site by editor Scot Simpson Shirley Chisholm 's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project Biography by Jone Johnson Lewis Shirley Chisholm at the National Women 's History Museum United States Congress. `` Shirley Chisholm ( id : C000371 ) ''. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Chisholm speech on the Equal Rights Amendment Shirley Chisholm Biography at Encyclopaedia Britannica Shirley Chisholm 's 1972 Presidential Campaign Before Hillary Clinton, there was Shirley Chisholm, Rajini Vaidyanathan BBC News, Washington, 26 January 2016 Chisholm ' 72 - Unbought & Unbossed PBS American Documentary POV documentary by Shola Lynch Chisholm ' 72 - Unbought & Unbossed Women Make Movies documentary by Shola Lynch Feature on Shirley Chisholm, with writing from Gloria Steinem and video clips from Chisholm ' 72 Unbought & Unbossed, by the International Museum of Women. Shirley Chisholm at Find a Grave New York Assembly Preceded by Thomas Jones Member of the New York Assembly from King 's 17th district 1965 Constituency abolished New constituency Member of the New York Assembly from the 45th district 1966 Succeeded by Max Turshen Preceded by Herbert Marker Member of the New York Assembly from the 55th district 1967 -- 1968 Succeeded by Thomas Fortune U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by Edna Kelly Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York 's 12th congressional district 1969 -- 1983 Succeeded by Major Owens Party political offices Preceded by Patsy Mink Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus 1977 -- 1981 Succeeded by Geraldine Ferraro ( 1968 ← ) United States presidential election, 1972 ( → 1976 ) Republican Party Convention Primaries Nominee Richard Nixon VP nominee Spiro Agnew Candidates John M. Ashbrook Pete McCloskey Democratic Party Convention Primaries Nominee George McGovern VP nominee Sargent Shriver Candidates Shirley Chisholm Walter E. Fauntroy Fred R. Harris Vance Hartke Wayne Hays Hubert Humphrey Henry M. Jackson John Lindsay Eugene McCarthy Wilbur Mills Patsy Mink Edmund Muskie Terry Sanford George Wallace Sam Yorty Third party and independent candidates American Independent Party Nominee John G. Schmitz VP nominee Thomas J. Anderson Communist Party Nominee Gus Hall VP nominee Jarvis Tyner Libertarian Party Nominee John Hospers VP nominee Tonie Nathan People 's Party Nominee Benjamin Spock VP nominee Julius Hobson Prohibition Party Nominee E. Harold Munn Socialist Labor Party Nominee Louis Fisher Socialist Workers Party Nominee Linda Jenness Alternate nominee : Evelyn Reed VP nominee Andrew Pulley Independent Gabriel Green Other 1972 elections : House Senate Gubernatorial Inductees to the National Women 's Hall of Fame 1970 -- 1979 1973 Jane Addams Marian Anderson Susan B. Anthony Clara Barton Mary McLeod Bethune Elizabeth Blackwell Pearl S. Buck Rachel Carson Mary Cassatt Emily Dickinson Amelia Earhart Alice Hamilton Helen Hayes Helen Keller Eleanor Roosevelt Florence Sabin Margaret Chase Smith Elizabeth Cady Stanton Helen Brooke Taussig Harriet Tubman 1976 Abigail Adams Margaret Mead Mildred `` Babe '' Didrikson Zaharias 1979 Dorothea Dix Juliette Gordon Low Alice Paul Elizabeth Bayley Seton 1980 -- 1989 1981 Margaret Sanger Sojourner Truth 1982 Carrie Chapman Catt Frances Perkins Belva Lockwood Lucretia Mott 1984 Mary `` Mother '' Harris Jones Bessie Smith 1986 Barbara McClintock Lucy Stone Harriet Beecher Stowe Gwendolyn Brooks Willa Cather Sally Ride Ida B. Wells - Barnett 1990 -- 1999 Margaret Bourke - White Barbara Jordan Billie Jean King Florence B. Seibert 1991 Gertrude Belle Elion Ethel Percy Andrus Antoinette Blackwell Emily Blackwell Shirley Chisholm Jacqueline Cochran Ruth Colvin Marian Wright Edelman Alice Evans Betty Friedan Ella Grasso Martha Wright Griffiths Fannie Lou Hamer Dorothy Height Dolores Huerta Mary Jacobi Mae Jemison Mary Lyon Mary Mahoney Wilma Mankiller Constance Baker Motley Georgia O'Keeffe Annie Oakley Rosa Parks Esther Peterson Jeannette Rankin Ellen Swallow Richards Elaine Roulet Katherine Siva Saubel Gloria Steinem Helen Stephens Lillian Wald Madam C.J. Walker Faye Wattleton Rosalyn S. Yalow Gloria Yerkovich Bella Abzug Ella Baker Myra Bradwell Annie Jump Cannon Jane Cunningham Croly Catherine East Geraldine Ferraro Charlotte Perkins Gilman Grace Hopper Helen LaKelly Hunt Zora Neale Hurston Anne Hutchinson Frances Wisebart Jacobs Susette La Flesche Louise McManus Maria Mitchell Antonia Novello Linda Richards Wilma Rudolph Betty Bone Schiess Muriel Siebert Nettie Stevens Oprah Winfrey Sarah Winnemucca Fanny Wright 1995 Virginia Apgar Ann Bancroft Amelia Bloomer Mary Breckinridge Eileen Collins Elizabeth Hanford Dole Anne Dallas Dudley Mary Baker Eddy Ella Fitzgerald Margaret Fuller Matilda Joslyn Gage Lillian Moller Gilbreth Nannerl O. Keohane Maggie Kuhn Sandra Day O'Connor Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin Pat Schroeder Hannah Greenebaum Solomon Louisa May Alcott Charlotte Anne Bunch Frances Xavier Cabrini Mary A. Hallaren Oveta Culp Hobby Wilhelmina Cole Holladay Anne Morrow Lindbergh Maria Goeppert - Mayer Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose Maria Tallchief Edith Wharton 1998 Madeleine Albright Maya Angelou Nellie Bly Lydia Moss Bradley Mary Steichen Calderone Mary Ann Shadd Cary Joan Ganz Cooney Gerty Cori Sarah Grimké Julia Ward Howe Shirley Ann Jackson Shannon Lucid Katharine Dexter McCormick Rozanne L. Ridgway Edith Nourse Rogers Felice Schwartz Eunice Kennedy Shriver Beverly Sills Florence Wald Angelina Grimké Weld Chien - Shiung Wu 2000 -- 2009 2000 Faye Glenn Abdellah Emma Smith DeVoe Marjory Stoneman Douglas Mary Dyer Sylvia A. Earle Crystal Eastman Jeanne Holm Leontine T. Kelly Frances Oldham Kelsey Kate Mullany Janet Reno Anna Howard Shaw Sophia Smith Ida Tarbell Wilma L. Vaught Mary Edwards Walker Annie Dodge Wauneka Eudora Welty Frances E. Willard Dorothy H. Andersen Lucille Ball Rosalynn Carter Lydia Maria Child Bessie Coleman Dorothy Day Marian de Forest Althea Gibson Beatrice A. Hicks Barbara Holdridge Harriet Williams Russell Strong Emily Howell Warner Victoria Woodhull 2002 Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis Ruth Bader Ginsburg Katharine Graham Bertha Holt Mary Engle Pennington Mercy Otis Warren 2003 Linda G. Alvarado Donna de Varona Gertrude Ederle Martha Matilda Harper Patricia Roberts Harris Stephanie L. Kwolek Dorothea Lange Mildred Robbins Leet Patsy Takemoto Mink Sacagawea Anne Sullivan Sheila E. Widnall 2005 Florence Ellinwood Allen Ruth Fulton Benedict Betty Bumpers Hillary Clinton Rita Rossi Colwell Mother Marianne Cope Maya Y. Lin Patricia A. Locke Blanche Stuart Scott Mary Burnett Talbert 2007 Eleanor K. Baum Julia Child Martha Coffin Pelham Wright Swanee Hunt Winona LaDuke Elisabeth Kübler - Ross Judith L. Pipher Catherine Filene Shouse Henrietta Szold 2009 Louise Bourgeois Mildred Cohn Karen DeCrow Susan Kelly - Dreiss Allie B. Latimer Emma Lazarus Ruth Patrick Rebecca Talbot Perkins Susan Solomon Kate Stoneman 2010 -- 2019 2011 St. Katharine Drexel Dorothy Harrison Eustis Loretta C. Ford Abby Kelley Foster Helen Murray Free Billie Holiday Coretta Scott King Lilly Ledbetter Barbara A. Mikulski Donna E. Shalala Kathrine Switzer 2013 Betty Ford Ina May Gaskin Julie Krone Kate Millett Nancy Pelosi Mary Joseph Rogers Bernice Sandler Anna Schwartz Emma Willard 2015 Tenley Albright Nancy Brinker Martha Graham Marcia Greenberger Barbara Iglewski Jean Kilbourne Carlotta Walls LaNier Philippa Marrack Mary Harriman Rumsey Eleanor Smeal 2017 Matilda Cuomo Temple Grandin Lorraine Hansberry Victoria Jackson Sherry Lansing Clare Boothe Luce Aimee Mullins Carol Mutter Janet Rowley Alice Waters VIAF : 69058172 LCCN : n50038170 ISNI : 0000 0000 2181 2965 GND : 118853708 SUDOC : 083006427 BNF : cb12843106q ( data ) US Congress : C000371 SNAC : w6wx86n7 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Chisholm&oldid=835605376 '' Categories : 1924 births 2005 deaths 20th - century African - American activists African - American Christians African - American feminists African - American members of the United States House of Representatives African - American state legislators in New York ( state ) African - American United States presidential candidates African - American women in politics American academics American feminists American people of Barbadian descent American people of Guyanese descent Baptist feminists Baptists from the United States Brooklyn College alumni Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo Delta Sigma Theta members Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Disease - related deaths in Florida Female members of the United States House of Representatives Female United States presidential candidates Members of the New York State Assembly Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York ( state ) Mount Holyoke College faculty New York ( state ) Democrats Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Teachers College, Columbia University alumni United States presidential candidates, 1972 Women state legislators in New York ( state ) 20th - century women politicians 20th - century American politicians 20th - century American women African - American women writers Hidden categories : CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017 Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Citizendium Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Bân - lâm - gú Dansk Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Հայերեն Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English کوردی Suomi Svenska Tagalog Українська Yorùbá 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 9 April 2018, at 18 : 13. 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Question: who was the first african american woman elected to congress
Answer: Shirley Anita Chisholm