Non-Aligned Movement - wikipedia Non-Aligned Movement This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2017 ) Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) Member countries Observer countries Location Jakarta, Indonesia ( Headquarters ) Coordinating Bureau New York City, New York, U.S. Membership 120 members 17 observers Leaders Principal decision - making organ Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries Presidency Venezuela Secretary - General Nicolás Maduro Establishment 1961 in Belgrade as the Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries Website csstc.org The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. As of 2012, the movement has 120 members. The purpose of the organization has been enumerated as to ensure `` the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries '' in their `` struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics, '' by Fidel Castro in the Havana Declaration of 1979. The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two - thirds of the United Nations ' members and contain 55 % of the world population. Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World. Although many of the Non-Aligned Movement 's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers, the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War, even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement. In the years since the Cold War 's end, it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world, especially those within the Global South. Contents 1 History 1.1 Origins and the Cold War 1.2 Since the end of the Cold War 2 Organizational structure and membership 3 Policies and ideology 4 Current activities and positions 5 Summits 6 Secretary general 7 Members, observers and guests 7.1 Current members 7.1. 1 Africa 7.1. 2 Americas 7.1. 3 Asia 7.1. 4 Europe 7.1. 5 Oceania 7.2 Former members 7.3 Observers 7.3. 1 Countries 7.3. 2 Organisations 7.4 Guests 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links 11.1 Videos History Origins and the Cold War The founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement were Josip Broz Tito of Socialist Yugoslavia, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Sukarno of Indonesia, Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. Their actions were known as ' The Initiative of Five '. The Non-Aligned Movement as an organization was founded on the Brijuni islands in Yugoslavia in 1956, and was formalized by signing the Declaration of Brijuni on July 19th, 1956. The Declaration was signed by Yugoslavia 's president, Josip Broz Tito, India 's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Egypt 's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser. One of the quotations within the Declaration is `` Peace can not be achieved with separation, but the aspiration towards collective security in global terms and expansion of freedom, as well as terminating the domination of one country over another ''. The Movement advocates a middle course for states in the developing world between the Western and Eastern Blocs during the Cold War. The phrase itself was first used to represent the doctrine by Indian diplomat V.K. Krishna Menon in 1953, at the United Nations. But it soon after became the name to refer to the participants of the Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries first held in 1961. The term `` non-alignment '' was established in 1953 at the United Nations. Nehru used the phrase in a 1954 speech in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In this speech, Nehru described the five pillars to be used as a guide for Sino - Indian relations called Panchsheel ( five restraints ), these principles would later serve as the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement. The five principles were : Mutual respect for each other 's territorial integrity and sovereignty. Mutual non-aggression. Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs. Equality and mutual benefit. Peaceful co-existence. A significant milestone in the development of the Non-Aligned Movement was the 1955 Bandung Conference, a conference of Asian and African states hosted by Indonesian president Sukarno, who gave a significant contribution to promote this movement. Bringing together Sukarno, U Nu, Nasser, Nehru, Tito, Nkrumah and Menon with the likes of Ho Chi Minh, Zhou Enlai, and Norodom Sihanouk, as well as U Thant and a young Indira Gandhi, the conference adopted a `` declaration on promotion of world peace and cooperation '', which included Nehru 's five principles, and a collective pledge to remain neutral in the Cold War. Six years after Bandung, an initiative of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito led to the first Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, which was held in September 1961 in Belgrade. The term non-aligned movement appears first in the fifth conference in 1976, where participating countries are denoted as members of the movement. Belgrade Conference, September 1961 At the Lusaka Conference in September 1970, the member nations added as aims of the movement the peaceful resolution of disputes and the abstention from the big power military alliances and pacts. Another added aim was opposition to stationing of military bases in foreign countries. Some members were involved in serious conflicts with other members ( e.g. India and Pakistan, Iran and Iraq ). The movement fractured from its own internal contradictions when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Although the Soviet allies supported the invasion, other members of the movement ( particularly predominantly Muslim states ) condemned it. Since the end of the Cold War Because the Non-Aligned Movement was formed as an attempt to thwart the Cold War, it has struggled to find relevance since the Cold War ended. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a founding member, its membership was suspended in 1992 at the regular Ministerial Meeting of the Movement, held in New York during the regular yearly session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. The successor states of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have expressed little interest in membership, though Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have observer status. In 2004, Malta and Cyprus ceased to be members and joined the European Union. Belarus is the only member of the Movement in Europe. Azerbaijan and Fiji are the most recent entrants, joining in 2011. The applications of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Costa Rica were rejected in 1995 and 1998, respectively. Since the end of the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement has been forced to redefine itself and reinvent its purpose in the current world system. A major question has been whether many of its foundational ideologies, principally national independence, territorial integrity, and the struggle against colonialism and imperialism, can be applied to contemporary issues. The movement has emphasised its principles of multilateralism, equality, and mutual non-aggression in attempting to become a stronger voice for the global South, and an instrument that can be utilised to promote the needs of member nations at the international level and strengthen their political leverage when negotiating with developed nations. In its efforts to advance Southern interests, the movement has stressed the importance of cooperation and unity amongst member states, but as in the past, cohesion remains a problem since the size of the organisation and the divergence of agendas and allegiances present the ongoing potential for fragmentation. While agreement on basic principles has been smooth, taking definitive action vis - à - vis particular international issues has been rare, with the movement preferring to assert its criticism or support rather than pass hard - line resolutions. The movement continues to see a role for itself, as in its view, the world 's poorest nations remain exploited and marginalised, no longer by opposing superpowers, but rather in a uni-polar world, and it is Western hegemony and neo-colonialism that the movement has really re-aligned itself against. It opposes foreign occupation, interference in internal affairs and aggressive unilateral measures, but it has also shifted to focus on the socio - economic challenges facing member states, especially the inequalities manifested by globalization and the implications of neo-liberal policies. The Non-Aligned Movement has identified economic underdevelopment, poverty, and social injustices as growing threats to peace and security. The 16th NAM summit took place in Tehran, Iran, from 26 to 31 August 2012. According to Mehr News Agency, representatives from over 150 countries were scheduled to attend. Attendance at the highest level includes 27 presidents, 2 kings and emirs, 7 prime ministers, 9 vice presidents, 2 parliament spokesmen and 5 special envoys. At the summit, Iran took over from Egypt as Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement for the period 2012 to 2015. Organizational structure and membership The movement stems from a desire not to be aligned within a geopolitical / military structure and therefore itself does not have a very strict organizational structure. Some organizational basics were defined at the 1996 Cartagena Document on Methodology The Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned States is `` the highest decision making authority ''. The chairmanship rotates between countries and changes at every summit of heads of state or government to the country organizing the summit. Requirements for membership of the Non-Aligned Movement coincide with the key beliefs of the United Nations. The current requirements are that the candidate country has displayed practices in accordance with the ten `` Bandung principles '' of 1955 : Respect for fundamental human rights and for the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations. Recognition of the movements for national independence. Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations, large and small. Abstention from intervention or interference in the internal affairs of another country. Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself singly or collectively, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. Refraining from acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country. Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. Promotion of mutual interests and co-operation. Respect for justice and international obligations. Policies and ideology The South Africa Conference NAM logo. Secretaries General of the NAM had included such diverse figures as Suharto, militaristic anti-communist, and Nelson Mandela, a democratic socialist and famous anti-apartheid activist. Consisting of many governments with vastly different ideologies, the Non-Aligned Movement is unified by its declared commitment to world peace and security. At the seventh summit held in New Delhi in March 1983, the movement described itself as `` history 's biggest peace movement ''. The movement places equal emphasis on disarmament. NAM 's commitment to peace pre-dates its formal institutionalisation in 1961. The Brioni meeting between heads of governments of India, Egypt and Yugoslavia in 1956 recognized that there exists a vital link between struggle for peace and endeavours for disarmament. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the NAM also sponsored campaigns for restructuring commercial relations between developed and developing nations, namely the New International Economic Order ( NIEO ), and its cultural offspring, the New World Information and Communication Order ( NWICO ). The latter, on its own, sparked a Non-Aligned initiative on cooperation for communications, the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool, created in 1975 and later converted into the NAM News Network in 2005. The Non-Aligned Movement espouses policies and practices of cooperation, especially those that are multilateral and provide mutual benefit to all those involved. Many of the members of the Non-Aligned Movement are also members of the United Nations. Both organisations have a stated policy of peaceful cooperation, yet the successes the NAM has had with multilateral agreements tend to be ignored by the larger, western and developed nation dominated UN. African concerns about apartheid were linked with Arab - Asian concerns about Palestine and multilateral cooperation in these areas has enjoyed moderate success. The Non-Aligned Movement has played a major role in various ideological conflicts throughout its existence, including extreme opposition to apartheid governments and support of guerrilla movements in various locations, including Rhodesia and South Africa. Current activities and positions This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( March 2017 ) Criticism of US policy In recent years the organization has criticized certain aspects of US foreign policy. The 2003 invasion of Iraq and the War on Terrorism, its attempts to stifle Iran and North Korea 's nuclear plans, and its other actions have been denounced by some members of the Non-Aligned Movement as attempts to run roughshod over the sovereignty of smaller nations ; at the most recent summit, Kim Yong - nam, the head of North Korea 's parliament, stated that, `` The United States is attempting to deprive other countries of even their legitimate right to peaceful nuclear activities. '' Self - determination of Puerto Rico Since 1961, the organization has supported the discussion of the case of Puerto Rico 's self - determination before the United Nations. A resolution on the matter was to be proposed on the XV Summit by the Hostosian National Independence Movement. Self - determination of Western Sahara Since 1973, the group has supported the discussion of the case of Western Sahara 's self - determination before the United Nations. The movement reaffirmed in its last meeting ( Sharm El Sheikh 2009 ) the support to the Self - determination of the Sahrawi people by choosing between any valid option, welcomed the direct conversations between the parties, and remembered the responsibility of the United Nations on the Sahrawi issue. Sustainable development The movement is publicly committed to the tenets of sustainable development and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, but it believes that the international community has not created conditions conducive to development and has infringed upon the right to sovereign development by each member state. Issues such as globalization, the debt burden, unfair trade practices, the decline in foreign aid, donor conditionality, and the lack of democracy in international financial decision - making are cited as factors inhibiting development. Reforms of the UN The movement has been outspoken in its criticism of current UN structures and power dynamics, stating that the organisation has been utilised by powerful states in ways that violate the movement 's principles. It has made a number of recommendations that it says would strengthen the representation and power of `` non-aligned '' states. The proposed UN reforms are also aimed at improving the transparency and democracy of UN decision - making. The UN Security Council is the element it considers the most distorted, undemocratic, and in need of reshaping. South - South cooperation The movement has collaborated with other organisations of the developing world -- primarily the Group of 77 -- forming a number of joint committees and releasing statements and documents representing the shared interests of both groups. This dialogue and cooperation can be taken as an effort to increase the global awareness about the organisation and bolster its political clout. Cultural diversity and human rights The movement accepts the universality of human rights and social justice, but fiercely resists cultural homogenisation. In line with its views on sovereignty, the organisation appeals for the protection of cultural diversity, and the tolerance of the religious, socio - cultural, and historical particularities that define human rights in a specific region. Working groups, task forces, committees Committee on Palestine High - Level Working Group for the Restructuring of the United Nations Joint Coordinating Committee ( chaired by Chairman of G - 77 and Chairman of NAM ) Non-Aligned Security Caucus Standing Ministerial Committee for Economic Cooperation Task Force on Somalia Working Group on Disarmament Working Group on Human Rights Working Group on Peace - Keeping Operations Summits 16th summit of the NAM, Tehran The conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Countries, often referred to as Non-Aligned Movement Summit is the main meeting within the movement and are held every few years : Date Host country Host city 1st 1 -- 6 September 1961 Yugoslavia Belgrade 2nd 5 -- 10 October 1964 United Arab Republic Cairo 3rd 8 -- 10 September 1970 Zambia Lusaka 4th 5 -- 9 September 1973 Algeria Algiers 5th 16 -- 19 August 1976 Sri Lanka Colombo 6th 3 -- 9 September 1979 Cuba Havana 7th 7 -- 12 March 1983 India New Delhi 8th 1 -- 6 September 1986 Zimbabwe Harare 9th 4 -- 7 September 1989 Yugoslavia Belgrade 10th 1 -- 6 September 1992 Indonesia Jakarta 11th 18 -- 20 October 1995 Colombia Cartagena 12th 2 -- 3 September 1998 South Africa Durban 13th 20 -- 25 February 2003 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 14th 15 -- 16 September 2006 Cuba Havana 15th 11 -- 16 July 2009 Egypt Sharm el - Sheikh 16th 26 -- 31 August 2012 Iran Tehran 17th 13 -- 18 September 2016 Venezuela Porlamar A variety of ministerial meetings are held between the summit meetings. Some are specialist, such as the meeting on `` Inter-Faith Dialogue and Co-operation for Peace '', held in Manila, the Philippines, 16 -- 18 March 2010. There is a general Conference of Foreign Ministers every three years. The most recent were in Bali, Indonesia, 23 -- 27 May 2011 and Algiers, Algeria, 26 -- 29 May 2014. The Non-Aligned Movement celebrated its 50th anniversary in Belgrade on 5 -- 6 September 2011. Secretary General This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2011 ) Between summits, the Non-Aligned Movement is run by the secretary general elected at the last summit meeting. The Coordinating Bureau, also based at the UN, is the main instrument for directing the work of the movement 's task forces, committees and working groups. Image Secretary - General Country ( holding the Presidency ) Party From To Josip Broz Tito Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia 1961 1964 Gamal Abdel Nasser United Arab Republic Arab Socialist Union 1964 1970 Kenneth Kaunda Zambia United National Independence Party 1970 1973 Houari Boumediène Algeria Revolutionary Council 1973 1976 William Gopallawa Sri Lanka Independent 1976 1978 Junius Richard Jayewardene United National Party 1978 1979 Fidel Castro Cuba Communist Party of Cuba 1979 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy India Janata Party Zail Singh Indian National Congress 1986 Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe ZANU - PF 1986 1989 Janez Drnovšek Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia 1989 1990 Borisav Jović Socialist Party of Serbia 1990 1991 Stjepan Mesić Croatian Democratic Union 1991 Branko Kostić Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 1991 1992 Dobrica Ćosić FR Yugoslavia Independent 1992 Suharto Indonesia Golkar 1992 1995 Ernesto Samper Colombia Colombian Liberal Party 1995 1998 Andrés Pastrana Arango Colombian Conservative Party 1998 Nelson Mandela South Africa African National Congress 1998 1999 Thabo Mbeki 1999 2003 Mahathir Mohamad Malaysia United Malays National Organisation 2003 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 2003 2006 Fidel Castro Cuba Communist Party of Cuba 2006 2008 Raúl Castro 2008 2009 Hosni Mubarak Egypt National Democratic Party 2009 2011 Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Independent 2011 2012 Mohamed Morsi Freedom and Justice Party 2012 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Iran Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran 2012 2013 Hassan Rouhani Moderation and Development Party 2013 2016 Nicolás Maduro Venezuela United Socialist Party 2016 present Members, Observers and guests Current members The following countries are members of the NAM, arranged by continent, showing their year of admission : Africa Currently every African country ( except the newly created South Sudan ) is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Algeria ( 1961 ) Angola ( 1976 ) Benin ( 1964 ) Botswana ( 1970 ) Burkina Faso ( 1973 ) Burundi ( 1964 ) Cameroon ( 1964 ) Cape Verde ( 1976 ) Central African Republic ( 1964 ) Chad ( 1964 ) Comoros ( 1976 ) Democratic Republic of the Congo ( 1961 ) Djibouti ( 1983 ) Egypt ( 1961 ) Equatorial Guinea ( 1970 ) Eritrea ( 1995 ) Ethiopia ( 1961 ) Gabon ( 1970 ) Gambia ( 1973 ) Ghana ( 1961 ) Guinea ( 1961 ) Guinea - Bissau ( 1976 ) Côte d'Ivoire ( 1973 ) Kenya ( 1964 ) Lesotho ( 1970 ) Liberia ( 1964 ) Libya ( 1964 ) Madagascar ( 1973 ) Malawi ( 1964 ) Mali ( 1961 ) Mauritania ( 1964 ) Mauritius ( 1973 ) Morocco ( 1961 ) Mozambique ( 1976 ) Namibia ( 1979 ) Niger ( 1973 ) Nigeria ( 1964 ) Republic of the Congo ( 1964 ) Rwanda ( 1970 ) São Tomé and Príncipe ( 1976 ) Senegal ( 1964 ) Seychelles ( 1976 ) Sierra Leone ( 1964 ) Somalia ( 1961 ) South Africa ( 1994 ) Sudan ( 1961 ) Swaziland ( 1970 ) Tanzania ( 1964 ) Togo ( 1964 ) Tunisia ( 1961 ) Uganda ( 1964 ) Zambia ( 1964 ) Zimbabwe ( 1979 ) Americas Antigua and Barbuda ( 2006 ) Bahamas ( 1983 ) Barbados ( 1983 ) Belize ( 1976 ) Bolivia ( 1979 ) Chile ( 1973 ) Colombia ( 1983 ) Cuba ( 1961 ) Dominica ( 2006 ) Dominican Republic ( 2000 ) Ecuador ( 1983 ) Grenada ( 1979 ) Guatemala ( 1993 ) Guyana ( 1970 ) Haiti ( 2006 ) Honduras ( 1995 ) Jamaica ( 1970 ) Nicaragua ( 1979 ) Panama ( 1976 ) Peru ( 1973 ) Saint Kitts and Nevis ( 2006 ) Saint Lucia ( 1983 ) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ( 2003 ) Suriname ( 1983 ) Trinidad and Tobago ( 1970 ) Venezuela ( 1989 ) Asia Afghanistan ( 1961 ) Azerbaijan ( 2011 ) Bahrain ( 1973 ) Bangladesh ( 1973 ) Bhutan ( 1973 ) Brunei ( 1993 ) Cambodia ( 1961 ) India ( 1961 ) Indonesia ( 1961 ) Iran ( 1979 ) Iraq ( 1961 ) Jordan ( 1964 ) Kuwait ( 1964 ) Laos ( 1964 ) Lebanon ( 1961 ) Malaysia ( 1970 ) Maldives ( 1976 ) Mongolia ( 1993 ) Myanmar ( 1961 ) Nepal ( 1961 ) North Korea ( 1976 ) Oman ( 1973 ) Pakistan ( 1979 ) Palestine ( 1976 ) Philippines ( 1993 ) Qatar ( 1973 ) Saudi Arabia ( 1961 ) Singapore ( 1970 ) Sri Lanka ( 1961 ) Syria ( 1964 ) Thailand ( 1993 ) East Timor ( 2003 ) Turkmenistan ( 1995 ) United Arab Emirates ( 1970 ) Uzbekistan ( 1993 ) Vietnam ( 1976 ) Yemen ( 1990 ) Europe Belarus ( 1998 ) Oceania Fiji ( 2011 ) Papua New Guinea ( 1993 ) Vanuatu ( 1983 ) Former members Cyprus ( 1961 -- 2004 ) Malta ( 1973 -- 2004 ) Yugoslavia ( 1961 -- 1992 ) Observers The following countries and organizations have observer status ( 2012 ) : Countries Argentina Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil China Costa Rica El Salvador Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Macedonia Mexico Montenegro Paraguay Serbia South Sudan Tajikistan Uruguay Organisations African Union Afro - Asian People 's Solidarity Organisation Arab League Commonwealth Secretariat Hostosian National Independence Movement Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front Organisation of Islamic Cooperation South Centre United Nations World Peace Council International Institute for Non-Aligned Studies Guests There is no permanent guest status, but often several non-member countries are represented as guests at conferences. In addition, a large number of organisations, both from within the UN system and from outside, are always invited as guests. See also Asian -- African Conference Country neutrality Dual loyalty Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence G - 77 New World Information and Communication Order North -- South divide Policy of deliberate ambiguity India and the Non-Aligned Movement South - South Cooperation Third World References ^ Jump up to : `` NAM Members & Observers - 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement ''. Tehran. 26 -- 31 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2014 - 02 - 08. Retrieved 24 August 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` The Non-Aligned Movement : Background Information ''. Government of Zaire. 21 September 2001. Retrieved 23 April 2011. Jump up ^ Fidel Castro speech to the UN in his position as chairman of the non-aligned countries movement 12 October 1979 Archived 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. ; `` Pakistan & Non-Aligned Movement '' Archived 2 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine... Board of Investment -- Government of Pakistan. 2003. ^ Jump up to : Grant, Cedric. `` Equity in Third World Relations : a third world perspective ''. International Affairs 71, 3 ( 1995 ), 567 -- 587. Jump up ^ Ma'aroof, Mohammad Khalid ( 1987 ). Afghanistan in World Politics : ( a Study of Afghan - U.S. Relations ). Gyan Publishing House. pp. 75 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 212 - 0097 - 4. Jump up ^ `` Belgrade declaration of non-aligned countries '' ( PDF ). Egyptian presidency website. 6 September 1961. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` Fifth conference of heads of state or Government of non-aligned nations '' ( PDF ). Egyptian presidency website. 6 September 1961. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011. ^ Jump up to : Suvedi, Sūryaprasāda ( 1996 ). Land and Maritime Zones of Peace in International Law. Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press. pp. 169 -- 170. ISBN 978 - 0 - 198 - 26096 - 7. ^ Jump up to : `` The Non-Aligned Movement : Member States ''. XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998. Retrieved 24 August 2012. Jump up ^ Lai Kwon Kin ( 2 September 1992 ). `` Yugoslavia casts shadow over non-aligned summit ''. The Independent. Retrieved 26 September 2009. Iran and several other Muslim nations want the rump state of Yugoslavia kicked out, saying it no longer represents the country which helped to found the movement. ^ Jump up to : Najam, Adil ( 2003 ). `` Chapter 9 : The Collective South in Multinational Environmental Politics ''. In Nagel, Stuard. Policymaking and prosperity : a multinational anthology. Lanham, MD : Lexington Books. pp. 197 -- 240 ( 233 ). ISBN 0 - 7391 - 0460 - 8. Retrieved 10 November 2009. Turkmenistan, Belarus and Dominican Republic are the most recent entrants. The application of Bosnia - Herzegovina and Costa Rica were rejected in 1995 and 1998. Jump up ^ Putting Differences Aside Archived 12 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Daria Acosta, 18 September 2006. Jump up ^ Staff ( 7 August 2009 ). `` Profile : Non-Aligned Movement ''. BBC News. Retrieved 24 August 2012. Jump up ^ XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998 : Final Document, no. 10 - 11. Jump up ^ XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998 : NAM XII Summit : Basic Documents -- Final Document : 1 Global Issues. Nam.gov.za. Retrieved 3 August 2013. Jump up ^ NAM summit will raise Iran 's profile in the international arena Archived 28 January 2013 at Archive.is Jump up ^ NAM summit kicks off in Tehran Archived 29 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Southern Africa : Media Briefing By Deputy Minister Ebrahim Ebrahim On International Developments ''. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2016 -- via AllAfrica. ^ Jump up to : `` Meeting of the Ministerial Committee on Methodology of the Movement of the Non-Aligned Countries, Caratagena de Indias, May 14 -- 16, 1996 ''. Head of State and Government of the Non-Aligned Countries. Government of Zaire. 14 -- 16 May 1996. Retrieved 24 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` Suharto tops corruption rankings ''. BBC News. 25 March 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2006. Jump up ^ Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group ( 9 February 2006 ). `` The Profile of Human Rights Violations in Timor - Leste, 1974 -- 1999 ''. A Report to the Commission on Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor - Leste. Human Rights Data Analysis Group ( HRDAG ). Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. ^ Jump up to : Ohlson, Thomas ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ( 1988 ). Arms Transfer Limitations and Third World Security. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 198. ISBN 978 - 0 - 198 - 29124 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Morphet, Sally. `` Multilateralism and the Non-Aligned Movement : What Is the Global South Doing and Where Is It Going ? ''. Global Governance : A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. 10 ( 2004 ), pp. 517 -- 537. Jump up ^ Staff ( 16 September 2006 ). `` Non-Aligned Nations Slam U.S. '' CBC News. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ Transcript ( 14 July 2009 ). `` No Alineados preparan apoyo a la libre determinación de Puerto Rico -- El texto se presentaría al cierre de la cita del NOAL en Sharm el Sheij '' ( in Spanish ). Radio Cooperativa. Retrieved 23 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` 3162 ( XXVIII ) Question of Spanish Sahara. U.N. General assembly 28th session, 1973 '' ( PDF format ). United Nations. Jump up ^ XV Summit of heads of state and government of the Non Aligned Movement -- Final Document. Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. 16 - 04 - 2009. See points 237, 238 & 239. Jump up ^ Statement on the implementation of the Right to Development Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine., 7 January 2008. Jump up ^ XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998 : Final Document, no. 55. Jump up ^ Declaration on the occasion of celebrating Human Rights Day Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine... Jump up ^ XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998 : The Non-Aligned Movement : Background Information 2.4... Jump up ^ XV Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Sharm El Sheikh, 11 -- 16 July 2009 : Previous Summits Archived 8 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. `` Nesvrstani ponovo u Beogradu ''. Retrieved 18 September 2016. Jump up ^ `` Secretary - General 's Message to Additional Commemorative Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement - United Nations Secretary - General Ban Ki - moon ''. Retrieved 18 September 2016. Jump up ^ Fidel Castro, having recently undergone gastric surgery, was unable to attend the conference and was represented by his younger brother, Cuba 's acting president Raúl Castro. See `` Castro elected President of Non-Aligned Movement Nations ''. People 's Daily. 16 September 2006. Jump up ^ Cahoon, Ben. `` Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) ''. World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 4 September 2012. Jump up ^ In a joint letter to the UN Secretary - General sent just prior to unification, the Ministers of Foreign affairs of North and South Yemen stated that `` All treaties and agreements concluded between either the Yemen Arab Republic or the People 's Democratic Republic of Yemen and other States and international organizations in accordance with international law which are in force on 22 May 1990 will remain in effect, and international relations existing on 22 May 1990 between the People 's Democratic Republic of Yemen and the Yemen Arab Republic and other States will continue. '' Bühler, Konrad ( 2001 ). State Succession and Membership in International Organizations. Martinus Nijhoff Publisher. Jump up ^ North Yemen is one of the founders in 1961. South Yemen joined in 1970. In 1990 both were unified into a single state which accepted responsibility for all treaties of its predecessors. Jump up ^ `` Cyprus and the Non -- Aligned Movement ''. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Cyprus. Retrieved 23 March 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` XIV Ministerial Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement ''. South Africa Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 23 March 2014. Jump up ^ `` Final Document of the 7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement - ( New Delhi Declaration ) '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2016. Jump up ^ Kin, Lai Kwok ( 2 September 1992 ). `` Yugoslavia Casts Shadow over Non-Aligned Summit ''. The Independent. Reuters. Retrieved 24 August 2012. Jump up ^ Serrat, Oscar J. ( 20 September 1991 ). `` Argentina Withdraws from Non-Aligned Movement ''. Associated Press. Retrieved 23 March 2014. Jump up ^ XII Summit, Durban, South Africa, 2 -- 3 September 1998 : The Non-Aligned Movement : Background Information 4.4. Further reading Hans Köchler ( ed. ), The Principles of Non-Alignment. The Non-aligned Countries in the Eighties -- Results and Perspectives. London : Third World Centre, 1982. ISBN 0 - 86199 - 015 - 3 ( Google Print ) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Non-Aligned Movement. Official Site : 17th Summit -- Seventeenth Non-Aligned Movement Summit ( Margarita, Venezuela 2016 ) Official Site : 16th Summit -- Sixteenth Non Aligned Movement Summit ( Tehran 26 -- 31 August 2012 ) Official Site : 15th Summit -- Fifteenth Non Aligned Movement Summit ( Sharm el Sheikh 11 -- 16 July 2009 ) Official Site : 14th Summit -- Fourteenth Non Aligned Movement Summit ( Havana, 11 -- 16 September 2006 ) Non-Aligned Movement -- South African government NAM site International Institute for Non-Aligned Studies -- International Organization for Non-Aligned Movement The Cold War International History Project 's Document Collection on the NAM Videos Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Tehran -- PressTV ( 2012 ) Iran 's NAM presidency -- PressTV ( 2012 ) Links to related articles Non-Aligned Movement Members List of members of Non-Aligned Movement India and the Non-Aligned Movement Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement Structure Organizations NAM News Network Principles Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Summits Bandung Conference Non-Aligned Foreign Ministers Conference 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement People Josip Broz Tito Sukarno Gamal Abdel Nasser Houari Boumediene Fidel Castro Nelson Mandela Mohamed Morsi South -- South cooperation and Third Worldism Global South Development Landlocked developing countries Least Developed Countries Heavily indebted poor countries Markets Emerging markets Newly industrialized country Transition economy Worlds Theory First World Second World Third World Fourth World Geopolitics Decolonization Cold War Neocolonialism Multipolarity World Conference against Racism Durban I Durban II Durban III Globalization BRICS Brazil -- Russia -- India -- China -- South Africa ( BRICS ) BASIC ( BRICS less Russia ) BRIC ( BRICS less South Africa ) India -- Brazil -- South Africa Dialogue Forum ( IBSA ) Finance Debt Asian Clearing Union Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Asian Development Bank Arab Monetary Fund BancoSur Caribbean Development Bank Common Fund for Commodities Trade and development Developmental state Flying geese paradigm Infrastructure - based development Sustainable development Global System of Trade Preferences Protocol on Trade Negotiations New International Economic Order New World Information and Communication Order United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme United Nations Industrial Development Organization Public health Generic drugs biosimilar Pharmaceutical patents criticism Test data exclusivity Doha Declaration World Health Organization Organizations and groups G - 77 G - 15 D - 8 G20 developing nations ( G - 20 ) G - 24 G33 developing countries ( G - 33 ) G - 11 G - 90 Non-Aligned Movement African, Caribbean and Pacific Group African Union Afro -- Asian Conference Association of Southeast Asian Nations Colombo Plan Community of Latin American and Caribbean States International Solar Alliance Like Minded Group Melanesian Spearhead Group Next Eleven North -- South Summit Polynesian Leaders Group South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Small Island Developing States South Centre Third World Network North -- South divide Brandt Report Global financial system International Monetary Fund World Bank World Trade Organization Fair trade Financial regulation Global digital divide Cold War USA USSR ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact 1940s Hukbalahap Rebellion Dekemvriana Yalta Conference Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Forest Brothers Operation Priboi Operation Jungle Occupation of the Baltic states Cursed soldiers Operation Unthinkable Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Operation Masterdom Operation Beleaguer Operation Blacklist Forty Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Corfu Channel incident Turkish Straits crisis Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference Marshall Plan 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito -- Stalin Split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War ( Second round ) Malayan Emergency Albanian Subversion 1950s Bamboo Curtain Korean War McCarthyism 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany Dirty War ( Mexico ) Bricker Amendment 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit ( 1955 ) Bandung Conference Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis `` We will bury you '' Operation Gladio Arab Cold War Syrian Crisis of 1957 1958 Lebanon crisis Iraqi 14 July Revolution Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Sino - Soviet split 1960s Congo Crisis 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion 1960 Turkish coup d'état Soviet -- Albanian split Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War Angolan War of Independence Guinea - Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence Cuban Missile Crisis Sino - Indian War Communist insurgency in Sarawak Iraqi Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Vietnam War 1964 Brazilian coup d'état United States occupation of the Dominican Republic ( 1965 -- 66 ) South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967 -- 74 USS Pueblo incident Six - Day War War of Attrition Dhofar Rebellion Protests of 1968 French May Cultural Revolution Prague Spring Communist insurgency in Malaysia Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino - Soviet border conflict CPP -- NPA -- NDF rebellion Corrective Move 1970s Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan Corrective Movement ( Syria ) Cambodian Civil War Realpolitik Ping - pong diplomacy 1971 Turkish military memorandum Corrective Revolution ( Egypt ) Four Power Agreement on Berlin Bangladesh Liberation War 1972 Nixon visit to China North Yemen - South Yemen Border Conflict 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War Carnation Revolution Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino - Albanian split Cambodian -- Vietnamese War Sino - Vietnamese War Iranian Revolution Operation Condor Dirty War Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Saur Revolution New Jewel Movement 1979 Herat uprising Seven Days to the River Rhine Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 1980s Soviet -- Afghan War 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 1980 Turkish coup d'état Invasion of Grenada 1986 Black Sea incident 1988 Black Sea bumping incident Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 Able Archer 83 Star Wars People Power Revolution Glasnost Perestroika Nagorno - Karabakh War Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Revolutions of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall 1990s Mongolian Revolution of 1990 German reunification Yemeni unification Fall of communism in Albania Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Frozen conflicts Abkhazia China Korea Nagorno - Karabakh South Ossetia Transnistria Sino - Indian border dispute North Borneo dispute Foreign policy Truman Doctrine Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Hallstein Doctrine Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War Ideologies Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply - side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism -- Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Naxalism Stalinism Titoism Other Islamism Liberal democracy Social democracy Third - Worldism White supremacy Organizations ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB MI6 Non-Aligned Movement SAARC Safari Club Stasi Propaganda Active measures Crusade for Freedom Izvestia Pravda Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia Races Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race See also Soviet espionage in the United States Soviet Union -- United States relations Soviet -- US summits Russian espionage in the United States American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation NATO -- Russia relations Brinkmanship CIA and the Cultural Cold War Cold War II Category Commons Portal Timeline List of conflicts Power in international relations Types Economic Energy Food Hard National Power politics Realpolitik Smart Soft Status Emerging Small Middle Regional Great Super Hyper Geopolitics American Asian British Chinese Indian Pacific History List of ancient great powers List of medieval great powers List of modern great powers International relations of the Great Powers ( 1814 -- 1919 ) Theory Balance of power European Center of power Hegemonic stability theory Philosophy of power Polarity Power projection Power transition theory Second Superpower Sphere of influence Superpower collapse Superpower disengagement Studies Composite Index of National Capability Comprehensive National Power Organizations and groups by region or regions affected Africa African Union Union for the Mediterranean Africa -- Asia Arab League Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf ( GCC ) Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) Americas Mercosur North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) Organization of American States ( OAS ) Union of South American Nations ( Unasur ) Asia Asia Cooperation Dialogue ( ACD ) Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) China -- Japan -- South Korea trilateral summits Economic Cooperation Organization ( ECO ) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( SCO ) Europe Council of Europe ( CE ) European Union ( EU ) Nordic Council Visegrád Group Eurasia Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) Collective Security Treaty Organization ( CSTO ) Economic Cooperation Organization ( ECO ) Eurasian Economic Union ( EaEU ) Turkic Council North America -- Europe North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) Arctic Council Africa -- Asia -- Europe Union for the Mediterranean Africa -- South America South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone Oceania - Pacific Australia -- New Zealand -- United States Security Treaty ( ANZUS ) Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Melanesian Spearhead Group ( MSG ) Pacific Islands Forum ( PIF ) Polynesian Leaders Group ( PLG ) Non-regional Brazil -- Russia -- India -- China -- South Africa ( BRICS ) Commonwealth of Nations Francophonie Colombia -- Indonesia -- Vietnam -- Egypt -- Turkey -- South Africa ( CIVETS ) E7 E9 G4 G7 G8 G8 + 5 G20 G24 G77 India -- Brazil -- South Africa Dialogue Forum ( IBSA ) Mexico -- Indonesia -- Nigeria -- Turkey ( MINT ) Next Eleven ( N - 11 ) Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) Uniting for Consensus Global United Nations ( UN ) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Member of Expediency Discernment Council ( 2013 -- ) Ex officio member at Presidency Era 6th President of Iran ( 2005 -- 13 ) 53th Mayor of Tehran ( 2003 -- 05 ) 1st Governor of Ardabil Province ( 1993 -- 97 ) 28th Secretary - General of the Non-Aligned Movement ( 2012 -- 13 ) Chairperson of the ECO ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Chairperson of the Group of 15 ( 2006 -- 10 ) Life and politics Electoral history 2000 legislative election 2005 presidential election 2009 presidential election Presidency First Cabinet Second Cabinet Mehr Housing plan Gasoline rationing plan Riots Subsidy reform plan Foreign policy Controversies Deviant current Israel 1979 hostage crisis Letter to George W. Bush International Conference to Review the Holocaust 10th ECO Summit International Conference on Non-Proliferation 14th G - 15 summit 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement 2017 presidential election Political parties Office for Strengthening Unity ( 1979 -- 1980 ) Islamic Society of Engineers ( 1988 -- present ; inactive since 2005 ) Society of Devotees ( 1999 -- 2011 ) Alliance of Builders ( 2003 -- 2005 ) Related articles University of Iranians Council for Spreading Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 's Thoughts Durban Review Conference Family Azam Farahi ( wife ) Davoud Ahmadinejad ( brother ) Parvin Ahmadinejad ( sister ) Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei ( co-fathers - in - law ) ← Mohammad Khatami Hassan Rouhani → Category Commons VIAF : 240308845 LCCN : n00020651 ISNI : 0000 0001 2299 2598 GND : 4007183 - 2 NLA : 41790387 NKC : ko2015887873 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non-Aligned_Movement&oldid=801861037 '' Categories : Non-Aligned Movement 1961 establishments in Yugoslavia Organizations established in 1961 20th century in international relations 21st century in international relations Cold War organizations Foreign policy doctrines of India 1960s in Belgrade Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Webarchive template archiveis links Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2012 CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2012 Wikipedia semi-protected pages Articles needing additional references from March 2017 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from March 2015 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from January 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017 All articles that may contain original research Articles that may contain original research from March 2017 Articles to be expanded from March 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012 All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from August 2012 Articles needing additional references from April 2011 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Patois Polski Português Română Русский Scots සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 22 September 2017, at 10 : 56. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what were the non aligned countries during the cold war
Answer: Yugoslavia