Informant - wikipedia Informant For other uses, see Informant ( disambiguation ), The Informant ( disambiguation ), Informer ( disambiguation ), and The Stool Pigeon ( disambiguation ). Two page totally confidential, direct and immediate letter from the Iranian Minister of Finance to the Minister of Foreign Affairs ( Hossein Fatemi ) about creating a foreign information network for controlling smuggling, 15 December 1952. A representative from the U.S. State Department congratulates and offers a partial payment to a fully disguised informant, whose information led to the neutralization of a terrorist in the Philippines. An informant ( also called an informer ) is a person who provides privileged information about a person or organization to an agency. The term is usually used within the law enforcement world, where they are officially known as confidential or criminal informants ( CI ), and can often refer pejoratively to the supply of information without the consent of the other parties with the intent of malicious, personal or financial gain. However, the term is used in politics, industry and academia. Contents 1 Criminal informants 1.1 Informant motivation 2 Labor and social movements 3 Politics 4 Jailhouse informants 5 Terminology and slang 6 List of famous individuals 7 See also 8 References Criminal informants Informants are commonly found in the world of organized crime. By its very nature, organized crime involves many people who are aware of each other 's guilt, in a variety of illegal activities. Quite frequently, confidential informants ( or criminal informants ) will provide information in order to obtain lenient treatment for themselves and provide information, over an extended period of time, in return for money or for police to overlook their own criminal activities. Quite often, someone will become an informant following their arrest. Informants are also extremely common in every - day police work, including homicide and narcotics investigations. Any citizen who provides crime related information to law enforcement by definition is an informant. The CIA has been criticized for leniency towards drug lords and murderers acting as paid informants, informants being allowed to engage in some crimes so that the potential informant can blend into the criminal environment without suspicion, and wasting billions of dollars on dishonest sources of information. Informants are often regarded as traitors by their former criminal associates. Whatever the nature of a group, it is likely to feel strong hostility toward any known informers, regard them as threats and inflict punishments ranging from social ostracism through physical abuse and / or death. Informers are therefore generally protected, either by being segregated while in prison or, if they are not incarcerated, relocated under a new identity. Informant motivation FBI Anchorage aid for assessing confidential human sources Informants, and especially criminal informants, can be motivated by many reasons. Many informants are not themselves aware of all of their reasons for providing information, but nonetheless do so. Many informants provide information while under stress, duress, emotion and other life factors that can impact the accuracy or veracity of information provided. Law enforcement officers, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges and others should be aware of possible motivations so that they can properly approach, assess and verify informants ' information. Generally, informants ' motivations can be broken down into self - interest, self - preservation and conscience. A list of possible motivations includes : Self - Interest : Financial reward Pre-trial release from custody Withdrawal or dismissal of criminal charges Reduction of sentence Choice of location to serve sentence Elimination of rivals or unwanted criminal associates. Elimination of competitors engaged in criminal activities. Diversion of suspicion from their own criminal activities. Revenge Self - Preservation : Fear of harm from others. Threat of arrest or charges. Threat of incarceration. Desire for witness protection program. Conscience : Desire to go straight Guilty conscience Genuine desire to assist law enforcement and society. Labor and social movements Corporations and the detective agencies that sometimes represent them have historically hired labor spies to monitor or control labor organizations and their activities. Such individuals may be professionals or recruits from the workforce. They may be willing accomplices, or may be tricked into informing on their co-workers ' unionization efforts. Paid informants have often been used by authorities within politically and socially oriented movements to weaken, destabilize and ultimately break them. Politics A redacted version of the FBI policy manual concerning the use of informants. Informers alert authorities regarding government officials that are corrupt. Officials may be taking bribes, or participants in a money loop also called a kickback. Informers in some countries receive a percentage of all monies recovered by their government. Lactantius described an example from ancient Rome involved the prosecution of a woman suspected to have advised a woman not to marry Maximinus II : `` Neither indeed was there any accuser, until a certain Jew, one charged with other offences, was induced, through hope of pardon, to give false evidence against the innocent. The equitable and vigilant magistrate conducted him out of the city under a guard, lest the populace should have stoned him... The Jew was ordered to the torture till he should speak as he had been instructed... The innocent were condemned to die... Nor was the promise of pardon made good to the feigned adulterer, for he was fixed to a gibbet, and then he disclosed the whole secret contrivance ; and with his last breath he protested to all the beholders that the women died innocent. '' Criminal informant schemes have often been used as cover for politically motivated intelligence offensives. Jailhouse informants Jailhouse informants, who report hearsay ( admissions against penal interest ) which they claim to have heard while the accused is in pretrial detention, usually in exchange for sentence reductions or other inducements, have been the focus of particular controversy. Some examples of their use are in connection with Stanley Williams, Cameron Todd Willingham, Gerald Stano, Thomas Silverstein, Marshall `` Eddie '' Conway, and a suspect in the disappearance of Etan Patz. Terminology and slang Slang terms for informants include : blabbermouth cheese eater canary -- derives from the fact that canaries sing. `` Singing '' is underworld or street slang for providing information or talking to the police. dog -- Australian. May also refer to police who specialize in surveillance, or police generally. fink -- this may refer to the Pinkertons who were used as plain - clothes detectives and strike - breakers. grass or supergrass, -- rhyming slang for grasshopper, meaning copper or shopper and having additional associations with the popular song, `` Whispering Grass '', and the phrase snake in the grass. narc -- a member of a specialist narcotics police force. nark -- this may have come from the Romany term nak for nose or the French term narquois meaning cunning, deceitful and / or criminal. nose pentito -- Italian term, meaning `` one who repents. '' Usually used in reference to Mafia informants, but it has also been used to refer to informants for Italian paramilitary or terrorist organizations, such as the Red Brigades. pursuivant ( archaic ), rat -- informing is commonly referred to as `` ratting. '' snitch snout spotter squealer stool pigeon or stoolie tell tale or tell - tale tittle - tattle tout -- Northern Irish slang for an informant, often one who informed on the activities of paramilitary groups during The Troubles. trick turncoat weasel The phrase `` drop a dime '' refers to an informant using a payphone to call the authorities to report information. The term `` stool pigeon '' originates from the long - ago practice of tying a passenger pigeon to a stool. The bird would flap its wings in a futile attempt to escape. The sound of the wings flapping would attract other pigeons to the stool where they could be easily killed or captured. List of famous individuals Whitey Bulger, Boston organized crime boss and subject of Black Mass Nicholas Calabrese, the first made man to testify against the Chicago Outfit James Carey, Irish terrorist W. Mark Felt, a.k.a. `` Deep Throat '', former Deputy Director of the FBI Sammy Gravano, former underboss of the Gambino crime family Henry Hill, Lucchese crime family associate Frank Lucas, New York City drug dealer turned informant Abe Reles, Murder, Inc. hit man Freddie Scappaticci, member of the Provisional IRA Joseph Valachi, soldier in the Genovese crime family Salvatore Vitale, former underboss of the Bonanno crime family See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Informants. Agent provocateur Aguilar -- Spinelli test Counter-terrorism Covert interrogation Denunciation Espionage Hollywood blacklist Pentiti Plea bargain Turn state 's evidence United States Marshals Service Whistleblower Witness Protection Program References Jump up ^ `` informer ''. Merriam - Webster Dictionary. Merriam - Webster. Retrieved 6 June 2016. 2 : one that informs against another ; specifically : one who makes a practice especially for a financial reward of informing against others for violations of penal laws ^ Jump up to : `` The Weakest Link : The Dire Consequences of a Weak Link in the Informant Handling and Covert Operations Chain - of - Command '' by M Levine. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 2009 Jump up ^ `` Pursuing strategic advantage through political means : A multivariate approach '' by DA Schuler, K Rehbein, RD Cramer -- Academy of Management Journal, 2002 Jump up ^ `` Reading English for specialized purposes : Discourse analysis and the use of student informants '' by A Cohen, H Glasman, PR Rosenbaum - Cohen, J. Tesol Quarterly, 197 Jump up ^ Palmiotto, J., Micheal. Criminal Investigation. 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2013. p65 - 66 Jump up ^ `` Kid Who Sold Crack to the President '' by J Morley. Washington City Paper, 1989 ^ Jump up to : `` Government Corruption and the Right of Access to Courts '' by UA Kim. Michigan Law Review, 2004 Jump up ^ Lyman, D., Micheal. Criminal Investigation : The Art and the Science. 6th ed. Columbia College of Missouri. Pearson, 2010. p264 Jump up ^ Lyman, D., Micheal. Criminal Investigation : The Art and the Science. 6th ed. Columbia College of Missouri. Pearson, 2010. p264 Jump up ^ Allen, Bill Van ( 2011 ). Criminal investigation : in search of the truth ( 2nd ed. ). Toronto : Pearson Canada. p. 217. ISBN 978 - 0 - 13 - 800011 - 0. Jump up ^ `` Private detective agencies and labour discipline in the United States, 1855 -- 1946 '' by RP Weiss. The Historical Journal, 2009. Cambridge Univ Press Jump up ^ `` Judicial Control of Informants, Spies, Stool Pigeons, and Agent Provocateurs '' by RC Donnelly -- Yale Law Journal, 1951 Jump up ^ `` Thoughts on a neglected category of social movement participant : The agent provocateur and the informant '' by GT Marx -- American Journal of Sociology, 1974 Jump up ^ Lactantius. `` On the Deaths of the Persecutors ''. Jump up ^ `` CIA Assets and the Rise of the Guadalajara Connection '' J. Marshall -- Crime, Law and Social Change, 1991 Jump up ^ scc.lexum.umontreal.ca Archived 2010 - 11 - 10 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : `` snitch ''. Thesaurus.com. ^ Jump up to : `` Role of the Rat in the Prison '' by HA Wilmer. Fed. Probation, 1965 Jump up ^ Orwant, Jon ( May 22, 2003 ). Games, Diversions & Perl Culture : Best of the Perl Journal. O'Reilly Media. Jump up ^ `` The Origin of fink ' informer, hired strikebreaker ' '' by William Sayers. A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews. Winter 2005 Cornell University Jump up ^ Criminal classes : offenders at school by A Devlin. 1995 Jump up ^ `` The Intelligence War in Northern Ireland '' by K Maguire -- International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Volume 4, Issue 2 1990, pages 145 -- 165 Jump up ^ `` grass ''. Oxford English Dictionary. A spy or informer, esp. for the police Jump up ^ `` Supergrasses : a study in anti-terrorist law enforcement in Northern Ireland ''. books.google.com. Jump up ^ Chicano intravenous drug users : The collection and interpretation of data from hidden from Hidden Populations by R Ramos. 1990 Jump up ^ Prison patter : a dictionary of prison words and slang by A Devlin. 1996 Jump up ^ `` Some ethical dilemmas in the handling of police informers '' by C Dunnighan, C Norris -- Public Money & Management, 1998 Jump up ^ `` nose ''. Oxford English Dictionary. A spy or informer, esp. for the police Jump up ^ `` Speaker and Structure in Donne 's Satyre '' by NM Bradbury. Studies in English Literature, 1500 -- 1900, 1985. Jump up ^ `` Sociology of Confinement : Assimilation and the Prison ' Rat ' '' by EH Johnson. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. 1961 ^ Jump up to : `` Reflections on the role of statutory immunity in the criminal justice system '' by WJ Bauer -- Journal of Criminal Law. & Criminology, 1976 Jump up ^ `` snout ''. Oxford English Dictionary. A police informer Jump up ^ `` Instigated Crime '' by S Shaw -- Alta. LQ, 1938 ^ Jump up to : `` Elevating the Role of the Informer : The Value of Secret Information ''. MW Krasilovsky. ABAJ, 1954 Jump up ^ `` On Truth and Lie in a Colonial Sense : Kipling 's Tales of Tale - telling '' by A Hai -- ELH, 1997 Jump up ^ `` Telling tales in school '' by A Minister. Education 3 -- 13, 1990 Jump up ^ McDonald, Henry ( 2000 - 10 - 28 ). `` End of ' touts ' in Northern Ireland ''. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 01. Jump up ^ `` The murky world of informers ''. BBC News. 2006 - 04 - 04. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 02. Jump up ^ Prison ministry : hope behind the wall by Dennis W. Pierce -- 2006 Jump up ^ Coleman 1996, p. 24. GND : 7631267 - 7 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Informant&oldid=824852809 '' Categories : Criminal law Criminal procedure Law enforcement terminology Organized crime members by role Spies by role Police informants Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 February 2018, at 22 : 18. 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Question: what is the meaning of ci in police
Answer: confidential or criminal informants