One World Trade Center - Wikipedia One World Trade Center For the World Trade Center building in Long Beach, see One World Trade Center ( Long Beach ). `` 1 WTC '' and `` Freedom Tower '' redirect here. For other uses, see 1 WTC ( disambiguation ) and Freedom Tower ( disambiguation ). One World Trade Center One World Trade Center, the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere Location within Lower Manhattan One World Trade Center ( Manhattan ) One World Trade Center ( New York City ) Show map of Lower Manhattan Show map of Manhattan Show map of New York City Show all Alternative names 1 WTC Freedom Tower ( pre-2009 ) Record height Tallest in North America since 2013 Preceded by Willis Tower General information Status Complete Type Office Observation Communication Architectural style Contemporary modern Location 285 Fulton Street Manhattan, New York City Coordinates 40 ° 42 ′ 46.8 '' N 74 ° 0 ′ 48.6 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 40.713000 ° N 74.013500 ° W ﻿ / 40.713000 ; - 74.013500 Coordinates : 40 ° 42 ′ 46.8 '' N 74 ° 0 ′ 48.6 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 40.713000 ° N 74.013500 ° W ﻿ / 40.713000 ; - 74.013500 Construction started April 27, 2006 Topped - out May 10, 2013 Opened November 3, 2014 May 29, 2015 ( One World Observatory ) Cost US $3.9 billion Height Architectural 1,776 ft ( 541.3 m ) Tip 1,792 ft ( 546.2 m ) Roof 1,368 ft ( 417.0 m ) Top floor 1,268 ft ( 386.5 m ) Observatory 1,254 ft ( 382.2 m ) Technical details Floor count 104 ( + 5 below ground floors ) Floor area 3,501,274 sq ft ( 325,279 m ) Lifts / elevators 73, made by ThyssenKrupp. Design and construction Architect David Childs Daniel Libeskind ( 2002 ) Developer Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Structural engineer WSP Cantor Seinuk Other designers Hill International, The Louis Berger Group Main contractor Tishman Construction References a. April 2012 estimate. b. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. One World Trade Center ( also known as 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC or Freedom Tower ) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth - tallest in the world. The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the 16 - acre ( 6.5 ha ) World Trade Center site, on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center. The building is bounded by West Street to the west, Vesey Street to the north, Fulton Street to the south, and Washington Street to the east. The building 's architect was David Childs, whose firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower. The construction of below - ground utility relocations, footings, and foundations for the new building began on April 27, 2006. One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30, 2012, when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building. The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30, 2012. On May 10, 2013, the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed, making the building, including its spire, reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ). Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed. The building opened on November 3, 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29, 2015. On March 26, 2009, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ ) confirmed that the building would be officially known by its legal name of `` One World Trade Center '', rather than its colloquial name of `` Freedom Tower ''. The building is 104 standard floors high, but the tower has only 94 actual stories. The new World Trade Center complex will eventually include five high - rise office buildings built along Greenwich Street, as well as the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, located just south of One World Trade Center where the original Twin Towers stood. The construction of the new building is part of an effort to memorialize and rebuild following the destruction of the original World Trade Center complex. Contents 1 Original building ( 1970 -- 2001 ) 1.1 Construction 1.2 Specifications and operations 1.3 Incidents 1.4 September 11 attacks 2 Current building 2.1 Planning and early development 2.2 Construction and later development 2.3 Opening and post-opening 2.4 Estimated cost and funding 2.5 Architecture and design 2.5. 1 Layout 2.5. 1.1 Design evolution 2.5. 1.2 Height 2.5. 2 Sustainability 2.5. 3 Safety and security 2.5. 3.1 Security features 2.5. 3.2 Incidents 2.5. 4 Controversies 2.6 Owners and tenants 2.7 Key figures 2.7. 1 Developer 2.7. 2 Key project coordinators 2.7. 3 Port Authority construction workers 3 See also 4 References 5 Cited sources 6 External links Original building ( 1970 -- 2001 ) For comprehensive information on the original World Trade Center, see World Trade Center ( 1973 -- 2001 ). See also : List of tenants in One World Trade Center Construction Main article : Construction of the World Trade Center The first One World Trade Center under construction in 1971 The construction of the World Trade Center, of which the Twin Towers ( One and Two World Trade Center ) were the centerpieces, was conceived as an urban renewal project and spearheaded by David Rockefeller. The project was intended to help revitalize Lower Manhattan. The project was planned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which hired architect Minoru Yamasaki. Yamasaki came up with the idea of building twin towers. After extensive negotiations, the New Jersey and New York State governments, which supervise the Port Authority, consented to the construction of the World Trade Center at the Radio Row site, located in the lower - west area of Manhattan. To satisfy the New Jersey government, the Port Authority agreed to buy the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad ( renamed to Port Authority Trans - Hudson ), which transported commuters from New Jersey to Lower Manhattan. The towers were designed as framed tube structures, giving tenants open floor plans, unobstructed by columns or walls. This design was accomplished by using many closely spaced perimeter columns, providing much of the structure 's strength, with the gravity load shared with the core columns. The elevator system, which made use of sky lobbies and a system of express and local elevators, allowed substantial floor space to be used for office purposes by making the structural core smaller. The design and construction of the towers involved many other innovative techniques, such as wind tunnel experiments and the slurry wall for digging the foundation. Construction of the North Tower ( One World Trade Center ) began in August 1966 ; extensive use of prefabricated components sped up the construction process. The first tenants moved into the North Tower in December 1970. In the 1970s, four other low - level buildings were built as part of the World Trade Center complex. A seventh building was built in the mid-1980s. Specifications and Operations After Seven World Trade Center was built in the 1980s, the World Trade Center complex had a total of seven buildings ; however, the most notable ones were the main Twin Towers built in the 1970s -- One World Trade Center was the North Tower, and Two World Trade Center was the South Tower. Each tower was over 1,350 feet ( 410 m ) high, and occupied about 1 acre ( 0.40 ha ) of the total 16 acres ( 6.5 ha ) of the site 's land. During a press conference in 1973, Yamasaki was asked, `` Why two 110 - story buildings ? Why not one 220 - story building ? '' His response was, `` I did n't want to lose the human scale. '' When completed in 1972, One World Trade Center became the tallest building in the world for two years, surpassing the Empire State Building, which had held the record for 40 years. The North Tower was 1,368 feet ( 417 m ) tall, and in 1978, a telecommunications antenna was added to the top of the roof ; by itself, the antenna was 360 feet ( 110 m ) tall. With the 360 - foot ( 110 m ) - tall antenna, the highest point of the North Tower reached 1,728 ft ( 527 m ). The tower held its record for a brief period of time ; Chicago 's Sears Tower, finished in May 1973, was 1,450 feet ( 440 m ) at the rooftop. At 110 floors, the World Trade Center towers had more floors than any other building at that time. This number was not surpassed until the construction of the Burj Khalifa ( 163 floors ), which opened in 2010. Of the 110 stories, eight were set aside as mechanical floors ( floors 7 / 8, 41 / 42, 75 / 76, and 108 / 109 ), which were four two - floor areas that were spaced up the building in even intervals. All the remaining floors were open for tenants. Each floor of the tower had 40,000 square feet ( 3,700 m ) of available space. The North and South tower had 3,800,000 square feet ( 350,000 m ) of total office space. The entire complex of seven buildings had a combined total of 13,400,000 square feet ( 1,240,000 m ) of office space. Lobby of Tower 1, looking south along the east side of the building, August 19, 2000 The complex initially failed to attract the expected clientele. During the early years, various governmental organizations became key tenants of the World Trade Center, such as the State of New York. In the 1980s, the city 's perilous financial condition eased, after which an increasing number of private companies -- mostly financial firms related to Wall Street -- became tenants. During the 1990s, approximately 500 companies had offices in the complex, including financial companies such as Morgan Stanley, Aon Corporation, and Salomon Brothers. The basement concourse of the World Trade Center included The Mall at the World Trade Center, and a PATH station. The North Tower became the main corporate headquarters of Cantor Fitzgerald, and it also became the headquarters of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The tower 's electrical service was supplied by Consolidated Edison ( ConEd ) at 13,800 volts. The electricity passed through the World Trade Center Primary Distribution Center ( PDC ), and was then sent up the building 's core to electrical substations located on the mechanical floors. The substations lowered the 13,800 primary voltage to 480 / 277 volts, and the voltage was then further lowered to 208 / 120 volts for general power and lighting services. The complex was also served by emergency generators located in the sub-levels of the towers and on the roof of Five World Trade Center. The 110th floor of One World Trade Center ( the North Tower ) housed radio and television transmission equipment. The roof of the North Tower contained a vast array of transmission antennas, including the 360 feet ( 110 m ) center antenna mast, rebuilt by Dielectric Inc. to support DTV in 1999. The center mast contained the television signals for almost all NYC television broadcasters : WCBS - TV 2, WNBC - TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC - TV 7, WWOR - TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX 11, WNET 13 Newark, WPXN - TV 31 and WNJU 47 Linden. It also had four NYC FM broadcasters : WPAT - FM 93.1, WNYC 93.9, WKCR 89.9, and WKTU 103.5. Access to the roof was controlled by the WTC Operations Control Center ( OCC ), located in the B1 level of the South Tower. After the September 11 attacks of 2001, the broadcasting equipment for the radio and television stations was moved to the Empire State Building. On a typical weekday, a combined total of 50,000 people worked in the North and South Towers, with another 200,000 passing through as visitors. The complex was so large that it had its own zip code : 10048. The Windows on the World restaurant, located on top of the North Tower, reported revenues of $37 million in 2000, making it the highest - grossing restaurant in the United States. The Twin Towers became known worldwide, appearing in movies, television shows, postcards, and other merchandise. The towers came to be seen as a New York City icon, much like the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and the Statue of Liberty. Incidents On February 13, 1975, a three - alarm fire broke out on the 11th floor of the North Tower. The fire spread through the core of the building to the 9th and 14th floors, as the insulation for telephone cables, located in a utility shaft that ran vertically between floors, had been ignited. Areas most affected by the fire were extinguished almost immediately, and the original fire was put out in a few hours. Most of the damage was on the 11th floor, where the fire was fueled by cabinets filled with paper, alcohol - based fluid for office machines, and other office equipment. Fireproofing protected the steel, and there was no structural damage to the tower. In addition to the fire damage on the 9th and 14th floors, water used to extinguish the fire damaged a few floors below. At the time, the World Trade Center complex had no fire sprinkler systems. Underground damage from the 1993 bombing The first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center occurred on February 26, 1993, at 12 : 17 p.m., when a Ryder truck filled with 1,500 pounds ( 680 kg ) of explosives, planted by Ramzi Yousef, detonated in the underground garage of the North Tower. The blast resulted in a 100 feet ( 30 m ) hole through five sublevels. The greatest damage was on levels B1 and B2, with significant structural damage on level B3. Six people were killed, and more than a thousand were injured, as 50,000 workers and visitors were inside the tower at the time. Many people inside the North Tower were forced to walk down darkened stairwells that had no emergency lighting, and some took two hours or more to reach safety. September 11 attacks Main article : September 11 attacks See also : Casualties of the September 11 attacks and Emergency workers killed in the September 11 attacks Impact locations on One and Two World Trade Center The remains ( from bottom to top ) of One, Six, and Seven World Trade Center on September 17, 2001 At 8 : 46 a.m. ( EDT ) on September 11, 2001, five hijackers affiliated with al - Qaeda crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the North Tower. Seventeen minutes later, at 9 : 03 a.m. ( EDT ), a second group of terrorists crashed the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower, striking between the 77th and 85th floors. By 9 : 59 a.m. ( EDT ), the South Tower collapsed after burning for approximately 56 minutes. After burning for 102 minutes, the North Tower collapsed due to structural failure at 10 : 28 a.m. ( EDT ). When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center, damaging it and starting fires. The fires burned for hours, compromising the building 's structural integrity. Seven World Trade Center collapsed at 5 : 21 p.m. ( EDT ). Together with a simultaneous attack on the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and a failed plane hijacking that resulted in a plane crash in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, the attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people ( 2,507 civilians, 343 firefighters, 72 law enforcement officers, 55 military personnel, and the 19 hijackers ). More than 90 % of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact. In the North Tower, 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped, and died of smoke inhalation, fell, jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames, or were killed when the building eventually collapsed. One stairwell in the South Tower, Stairwell A, somehow avoided complete destruction, unlike the rest of the building. When Flight 11 hit, all three staircases in the North Tower above the impact zone were destroyed, thus making it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape. 107 people below the point of impact also died. Current building Rebuilding of the World Trade Center One WTC Construction In popular culture 2 -- 7 WTC 5 7 Other elements Liberty Park National September 11 Memorial & Museum Performing Arts Center Transportation Hub Vehicular Security Center Westfield World Trade Center St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Planning and early Development Following the destruction of the original World Trade Center, there was debate regarding the future of the World Trade Center site. There were proposals for its reconstruction almost immediately, and by 2002, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation had organized a competition to determine how to use the site. The proposals were part of a larger plan to memorialize the September 11 attacks and rebuild the complex. When the public rejected the first round of designs, a second, more open competition took place in December 2002, in which a design by Daniel Libeskind was selected as the winner. This design underwent many revisions, mainly because of disagreements with developer Larry Silverstein, who held the lease to the World Trade Center site at that time. There was criticism concerning the limited number of floors that were designated for office space and other amenities in an early plan. Only 82 floors would have been habitable, and the total office space of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex would have been reduced by more than 3,000,000 square feet ( 280,000 m ) in comparison with the original complex. The floor limit was imposed by Silverstein, who expressed concern that higher floors would be a liability in the event of a future terrorist attack or other incident. Much of the building 's height would have consisted of a large, open - air steel lattice structure on the roof of the tower, containing wind turbines and `` sky gardens ''. In a subsequent design, the highest occupiable floor became comparable to the original World Trade Center, and the open - air lattice was removed from the plans. In 2002, former New York Governor George Pataki faced accusations of cronyism for supposedly using his influence to get the winning architect 's design picked as a personal favor for his friend and campaign contributor, Ron Lauder. A final design for the `` Freedom Tower '' was formally unveiled on June 28, 2005. To address security issues raised by the New York City Police Department, a 187 - foot ( 57 m ) concrete base was added to the design in April of that year. The design originally included plans to clad the base in glass prisms in order to address criticism that the building might have looked uninviting and resembled a `` concrete bunker ''. However, the prisms were later found to be unworkable, as preliminary testing revealed that the prismatic glass easily shattered into large and dangerous shards. As a result, it was replaced by a simpler facade consisting of stainless steel panels and blast - resistant glass. Contrasting with Libeskind 's original plan, the tower 's final design tapers octagonally as it rises. Its designers stated that the tower would be a `` monolithic glass structure reflecting the sky and topped by a sculpted antenna. '' In 2006, Larry Silverstein commented on a planned completion date : `` By 2012 we should have a completely rebuilt World Trade Center, more magnificent, more spectacular than it ever was. '' On April 26, 2006, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey approved a conceptual framework that allowed foundation construction to begin. A formal agreement was drafted the following day, the 75th anniversary of the 1931 opening of the Empire State Building. Construction began in May ; a formal groundbreaking ceremony took place when the first construction team arrived. Construction and later Development Main article : Construction of One World Trade Center One World Trade Center tower construction as of August 7, 2007 One World Trade Center construction as of April 3, 2012, three months before topping off The symbolic cornerstone of One World Trade Center was laid in a ceremony on July 4, 2004. The stone had an inscription supposedly written by Arthur J. Finkelstein. However, construction was delayed until 2006 due to disputes over money, security, and design. The last major issues were resolved on April 26, 2006, when a deal was made between developer Larry Silverstein and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, so the cornerstone was temporarily removed from the site on June 23, 2006. Soon after, explosives were detonated at the construction site for two months to clear bedrock for the building 's foundation, onto which 400 cubic yards ( 310 cubic meters ) of concrete was poured by November 2007. In a December 18, 2006, ceremony held in nearby Battery Park City, members of the public were invited to sign the first 30 - foot ( 9.1 m ) steel beam installed onto the building 's base. It was welded onto the building 's base on December 19, 2006. Foundation and steel installation began shortly afterward, so the tower 's footings and foundation were nearly complete within a year. In January 2008, two cranes were moved onto the site. Construction of the tower 's concrete core, which began after the cranes arrived, reached street level by May 17. However, construction of the base was not finished until two years later, after which construction of the office floors began, and the first glass windows were subsequently installed ; during 2010, floors were constructed at a rate of about one per week. An advanced `` cocoon '' scaffolding system was installed to protect workers from falling, and was the first such safety system installed on a steel structure in the city. The tower reached 52 floors and was over 600 feet ( 180 m ) tall by December 2010. The tower 's steel frame was halfway complete by then, but grew to 82 floors by the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks, at which time its concrete flooring had reached 72 floors and the glass cladding had reached 56 floors. In 2009, the Port Authority changed the official name of the building from `` Freedom Tower '' to `` One World Trade Center '', stating that this name was the `` easiest for people to identify with. '' The change came after board members of the Port Authority voted to sign a 21 - year lease deal with Vantone Industrial Co., a Chinese real estate company, which would become the building 's first commercial tenant to sign a lease. Vantone plans to create the China Center, a trade and cultural facility, covering 191,000 square feet on floors 64 through 69. Detailed floor plans of the tower were posted on New York City 's Department of Finance website in May 2011. This resulted in an uproar from the media and citizens of the surrounding area, who warned that the plans could potentially be used for a future terrorist attack. While under construction, the tower was specially illuminated on several occasions. On the weekend of July 4, 2011, it was lit up with the colors of the American flag to commemorate Independence Day, and it was lit up with the same colors on September 11 to mark the 10th anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks. On October 27 of that same year, it was illuminated with pink in honor of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. On December 11, the Port Authority illuminated the tower with multicolored lights to celebrate the holiday season. On February 24, 2012, the building was lit up with red in honor of Archbishop of New York Timothy Dolan, who became a cardinal on February 18. On June 14, 2012, it was illuminated with red, white, and blue to honor Flag Day. In August, it was illuminated with red in honor of the Armed Forces. On September 8, 2012, it was once again illuminated with red, white, and blue to honor the 11th anniversary of the September 11 attacks. On June 24, 2013, the building was again illuminated with red, white, and blue to celebrate the Fourth of July. On November 12, 2013, three hundred red, white, and blue lights were lit up. The tower 's loading dock, however, was not due to be finished in time to move equipment into the completed building, so five temporary loading bays were added at a cost of millions of dollars. The temporary PATH station was not to be removed until its official replacement, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, was completed, blocking access to the planned loading area. By March 2012, One World Trade Center 's steel structure had reached 93 floors, growing to 94 floors and 1,240 feet ( 380 m ) by the end of the month. However, because the floor numberings were based on standard measurements, the 94th floor was numbered `` floor 100 '', because the extra space was occupied by the high - ceilinged 91st floor, which was used for mechanical purposes. The still - incomplete tower became New York City 's tallest building by roof height in April 2012, passing the 1,250 - foot ( 380 m ) roof height of the Empire State Building. President Barack Obama visited the construction site two months later and wrote, on a steel beam that would be hoisted to the top of the tower, the sentence `` We remember, we rebuild, we come back stronger ! '' That same month, with the tower 's structure nearing completion, the owners of the building began a public marketing campaign for the building, seeking to attract visitors and tenants. One World Trade Center 's steel structure topped out at the nominal 104th floor, with a total height of 1,368 feet ( 417 m ), in August 2012. The tower 's antenna was then shipped from Quebec to New York in November 2012, and the first section of the antenna was hoisted to the top of the tower on December 12, 2012, and was installed on January 15, 2013. By March 2013, two sections of the antenna had been installed. The spire 's completion was scheduled for April 29, 2013, but bad weather delayed the delivery of the final pieces. On May 10, 2013, the final piece of the spire was lifted to the top of One World Trade Center, bringing the tower to its full height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ), and making it the fourth - tallest building in the world. In subsequent months, the exterior elevator shaft was removed ; the podium glass, interior decorations, and other finishings were being installed ; and installation of concrete flooring and steel fittings was completed. A report in September 2013 revealed that, at the time of the report, the World Trade Center Association ( WTCA ) was negotiating with regard to the `` World Trade Center '' name, as the WTCA had purchased the rights to the name in 1986. The WTCA sought $500,000 worth of free office space in the tower in exchange for the use of `` World Trade Center '' in the tower 's name and associated souvenirs. On November 12, 2013, the Height Committee of the Chicago - based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ( CTBUH ) made the controversial announcement that One World Trade Center was the tallest building in the United States at 1,776 feet, declaring that the mast on top of the building is a spire since it is a permanent part of the building 's architecture. By the same reasoning, the building was also the tallest in the Western Hemisphere. The original Twin Towers, c. 2000 One World Trade Center under construction behind the World Financial Center in June 2011 One World Trade Center ( to the left ) and Four World Trade Center under construction, as seen from a helicopter on April 30, 2012 Opening and post-opening On November 1, 2014, moving trucks started moving items for the tower 's first occupying tenant, magazine publisher Condé Nast, from its old headquarters in Times Square to One World Trade Center. The New York Times noted that the area around the World Trade Center had transitioned from a financial area to one with technology firms, residences, and luxury shops, coincident with the building of the new tower. The building opened on November 3, 2014, and Condé Nast employees moved into spaces spread among 24 floors. Condé Nast occupied floors 20 to 44, having completed its move in early 2015. It was expected that the company would attract new tenants to occupy the remaining 40 % of unleased space in the tower, as Condé Nast had revitalized Times Square after moving there in 1999. Only about 170 of 3,400 total employees moved into the new tower on the first day. At the time, future tenants included Kids Creative, Legends Hospitality, the BMB Group, Servcorp, and GQ. Disabled suspended working platform used for maintenance activities on southern exposure On November 12, 2014, the supporting wire rope cables of a suspended working platform slacked. The cables were manufactured by Tractel, and they were used to hold workers who performed maintenance on the building 's exterior. At the time, the platform was holding a two - man, SEIU - affiliated window washing team. The slack caused the platform to hang almost vertically near the 68th floor of the tower. The workers were rescued by over 100 FDNY firefighters, who used a diamond saw to cut through the glass. After the incident, the workers suffered from a slight case of hypothermia, and were taken to the hospital. Estimated cost and funding An estimate in February 2007 placed the initial construction cost of One World Trade Center at about $3 billion, or $1,150 per square foot ( $12,380 per square meter ). However, the tower 's total estimated construction cost had risen to $3.9 billion by April 2012, making it the most expensive building in the world at the time. The tower 's construction was partly funded by approximately $1 billion of insurance money that Silverstein received for his losses in the September 11 attacks. The State of New York provided an additional $250 million, and the Port Authority agreed to give $1 billion, which would be obtained through the sale of bonds. The Port Authority raised prices for bridge and tunnel tolls to raise funds, with a 56 percent toll increase scheduled between 2011 and 2015 ; however, the proceeds of these increases were not used to pay for the tower 's construction. Architecture and design Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center 's reconstruction. In orange are the new buildings ( One World Trade Center is the square at upper left ), and in blue is the 9 / 11 Memorial and Museum. Many of Daniel Libeskind 's original concepts from the 2002 competition were discarded from the tower 's final design. One World Trade Center 's final design consisted of simple symmetries and a more traditional profile, intended to compare with selected elements of the contemporary New York skyline. The tower 's central spire draws from previous buildings, such as the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building. It also visually resembles the original Twin Towers, rather than being an off - center spire similar to the Statue of Liberty. One World Trade Center is considered the first major building whose construction is based upon a three - dimensional Building Information Model. The building occupies a 200 - foot ( 61 m ) square, with an area of 40,000 square feet ( 3,700 m ), nearly identical to the footprints of the original Twin Towers. The tower is built upon a 185 - foot ( 56 m ) tall windowless concrete base, designed to protect it from truck bombs and other ground - level attacks. Originally, the base was to be covered in decorative prismatic glass, but a simpler glass - and - steel façade was adopted when the prisms proved unworkable. The current base cladding consists of angled glass fins protruding from stainless steel panels, similar to those on 7 World Trade Center. LED lights behind the panels illuminate the base at night. Cable - net glass façades on all four sides of the building for the higher floors, designed by Schlaich Bergermann, will be consistent with the other buildings in the complex. The façades are 60 feet ( 18 m ) high, and range in width from 30 feet ( 9.1 m ) on the east and west sides, 50 feet ( 15 m ) on the north side, and 70 feet ( 21 m ) on the south side. The curtain wall was manufactured and assembled by Benson Industries in Portland, Oregon, using glass made in Minnesota by Viracon. From the 20th floor upwards, the square edges of the tower 's cubic base are chamfered back, shaping the building into eight tall isosceles triangles, or an elongated square antiprism. Near its middle, the tower forms a perfect octagon, and then culminates in a glass parapet, whose shape is a square oriented 45 degrees from the base. A 408 - foot ( 124 m ) sculpted mast containing the broadcasting antenna -- designed in a collaboration between Skidmore, Owings and Merrill ( SOM ), artist Kenneth Snelson ( who invented the tensegrity structure ), lighting designers, and engineers -- is secured by a system of cables, and rises from a circular support ring, which contains additional broadcasting and maintenance equipment. At night, an intense beam of light is projected horizontally from the spire and shines over 1,000 feet ( 300 m ) above the tower. David Childs of SOM, the architect of One World Trade Center, said the following regarding the tower 's design : We really wanted our design to be grounded in something that was very real, not just in sculptural sketches. We explored the infrastructural challenges because the proper solution would have to be compelling, not just beautiful. The design does have great sculptural implications, and we fully understand the iconic importance of the tower, but it also has to be a highly efficient building. The discourse about Freedom Tower has often been limited to the symbolic, formal and aesthetic aspects but we recognize that if this building does n't function well, if people do n't want to work and visit there, then we will have failed as architects. Layout Entrance to the tower Just south of the new One World Trade Center is the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, which is located where the original Twin Towers stood. Immediately to the east is World Trade Center Transportation Hub and the new Two World Trade Center site. To the north is 7 World Trade Center, and to the west is Brookfield Place. One World Trade Center 's top floor is officially designated as floor 104, despite the fact that the tower only contains 94 actual stories. The building has 86 usable above - ground floors, of which 78 are intended for office purposes ( approximately 2,600,000 square feet ( 240,000 m ) ). The base consists of floors 1 -- 19, including a 65 - foot - high ( 20 m ) public lobby, featuring the 90 - foot mural ONE : Union of the Senses by American artist José Parlá. The office floors begin at floor 20, and go up to floor 63. There is a sky lobby on floor 64 ; office floors resume on floor 65, and stop at floor 90. Floors 91 -- 99 and 103 -- 104 are mechanical floors. Visitors looking toward New Jersey from One World Observatory The tower has a three - story observation deck, located on floors 100 -- 102, in addition to existing broadcast and antenna facilities. Similar to the Empire State Building, visitors are separated from the tenants, having their own separate entrance next to the museum, descending down to a below - ground security screening area. On the observation deck, the actual viewing space is on the 100th floor, but there is a food court on the 101st floor and a space for events for the 102nd floor. To show visitors the city, and give them information and stories about New York, an interactive tool called City Pulse is used by Tour Ambassadors. The admission fee is $32 per person, but admission discounts are available for children and seniors, and the deck is free for 9 / 11 responders and families of 9 / 11 victims. When it opens, the deck is expected to have about 3.5 million visitors per year. Tickets went on sale starting on April 8. However, the Manhattan District Attorney probed the Port Authority about the firm to which it awarded a contract to operate the deck. It officially opened on May 28, 2015, one day ahead of schedule. There are three eating venues at the top of the building : a café ( called One Café ), a bar and `` small plates '' grill ( One Mix ), and a fine dining restaurant ( One Dining ). Some have criticized the food prices ; the need of a full observatory ticket purchase to enter ; and their reputations compared to Windows on the World, the top - floor restaurant in the original One World Trade Center. The tenants have access to below - ground parking, storage, and shopping ; access to PATH, New York City Subway trains, and the World Financial Center is also provided at the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, Fulton Street / Fulton Center, Chambers Street, and Cortlandt Street stations. The building allows direct access to West Street, Vesey Street, and Fulton Street at ground level. The building has an approximate underground footprint of 42,000 square feet ( 3,900 m ), of which 55,000 square feet ( 5,100 m ) is retail space. A plan to build a restaurant near the top of the tower, similar to the original One World Trade Center 's Windows on the World, was abandoned as logistically impractical. The tower 's window - washing tracks are located on a 16 - square - foot area, which will be designated as floor 110 as a symbolic reference to the 110 floors of the original tower. View of Manhattan from the observatory Brooklyn Bridge as viewed from the observatory West Street viewed from the observatory Statue of Liberty as viewed from the observatory Design Evolution The original design went through significant changes after the Durst Organization joined the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey as the co-developer of the project in 2010. Height comparison of major skyscrapers in New York City, with One World Trade Center shown at far left. The North Tower of WTC was 1,727 ft ( 526.3 m ) The 185 - foot ( 56 m ) tall base corners were originally designed to gently slope upward, and have prismatic glass. The corners were later squared. In addition, the base 's walls are now covered in `` hundreds of pairs of 13 - foot vertical glass fins set against horizontal bands of eight - inch - wide stainless - steel slats. '' The spire was originally to be enclosed with a protective radome, described as a `` sculptural sheath of interlocking fiberglass panels ''. However, the radome - enclosed spire was changed to a plain antenna. Douglas Durst, the chairman of the Durst Organization, stated that the design change would save $20 million. However, the tower 's architect, Skidmore Owings & Merrill, strongly criticized the change. David Childs, the lead designer, said, `` Eliminating this integral part of the building 's design and leaving an exposed antenna and equipment is unfortunate... We stand ready to work with the Port on an alternate design. '' After joining the project in 2010, the Durst Organization had suggested eliminating the radome to reduce costs, but the proposal was rejected by the Port Authority 's then - executive director, Christopher O. Ward. Ward was replaced by Patrick Foye in September 2011. Foye changed the Port Authority 's position, and the radome was removed from the plans. In 2012, Douglas Durst gave a statement regarding the final decision : `` ( the antenna ) is going to be mounted on the building over the summer. There 's no way to do anything at this point. '' The North Pool of the National September 11 Memorial adjacent to One World Trade Center The large triangular plaza on the west side of One World Trade Center, facing the Hudson River, was originally planned to have stainless steel steps descending to the street. However, the steps were changed to a terrace in the final design. The terrace can be accessed through a staircase on Vesey Street. The terrace is paved in granite, and has 12 sweetgum trees, in addition to a block - long planter / bench. Durst also removed a skylight from the plaza 's plans ; the skylight was designed to allow natural light to enter the below - ground observation deck lobby. The plaza is 5 ft 8 in ( 1.73 m ) higher than the adjacent sidewalk. The Port Authority formally approved all these revisions, and the revisions were first reported by the New York Post. Patrick Foye, the executive director of the Port Authority, said that he thought that the changes were `` few and minor '' in a telephone interview. A contract negotiated between the Port Authority and the Durst Organization states that the Durst Organization will receive a $15 million fee and a percentage of `` base building changes that result in net economic benefit to the project. '' The specifics of the signed contract give Durst 75 percent of the savings, up to $24 million, with further returns going down to 50 percent, 25 percent and 15 percent as the savings increase. Height When viewed from street level in proximity to the tower, One World Trade Center appears to ascend to a pyramid point. Spire on the top of One World Trade Center building as viewed from the ground The top floor of One World Trade Center is 1,368 feet ( 417 m ) above ground level, along with a 33 ft 4 in ( 10.16 m ) parapet ; this is identical to the roof height of the original One World Trade Center. The tower 's antenna / spire brings it to a pinnacle height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ), a figure intended to symbolize the year 1776, when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed. If the antenna is included in the building 's height, as stated by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ( CTBUH ), One World Trade Center surpasses the height of Taipei 101 ( 1,671 - foot ( 509 m ) ), is the world 's tallest all - office building, and the fourth - tallest skyscraper in the world, behind the Burj Khalifa, Abraj Al Bait, and Shanghai Tower. One World Trade Center is the second - tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere, as the CN Tower in Toronto exceeds One World Trade Center 's pinnacle height by approximately 12 m ( 39.4 ft ). The Chicago Spire, with a planned height of 2,000 feet ( 610 m ), was expected to exceed the height of One World Trade Center, but its construction was canceled due to financial difficulties in 2009. After design changes for One World Trade Center 's spire were revealed in May 2012, there were questions as to whether the 408 - foot ( 124 m ) - tall structure would still qualify as a spire, and thus be included in the building 's height. Since the tower 's spire is not enclosed in a radome as originally planned, it could be classified as a simple antenna, which is not included in a building 's height, according to the CTBUH. Without the antenna, One World Trade Center would be 1,368 feet ( 417 m ) tall, making it the fourth - tallest building in the United States, behind the Willis Tower and Trump International Hotel & Tower, both located in Chicago, and 432 Park Avenue in New York. The building is currently the tallest in New York City with the antenna ; however, without the antenna, it was surpassed in 2015 by 432 Park Avenue, which topped out at 1,396 feet ( 426 m ) high. One World Trade Center 's developers have disputed the claim that the spire should be reclassified as an antenna following the redesign, with Port Authority spokesman Steve Coleman reiterating that `` One World Trade Center will be the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. '' In 2012, the CTBUH announced that it would wait to make its final decision as to whether or not the redesigned spire would count towards the building 's height. On November 12, 2013, the CTBUH announced that One World Trade Center 's spire would count as part of the building 's recognized height, giving it a final height of 1,776 feet, and making it the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. Sustainability Like other buildings in the new World Trade Center complex, One World Trade Center includes sustainable architecture features. Much of the building 's structure and interior is built from recycled materials, including gypsum boards and ceiling tiles ; around 80 percent of the tower 's waste products are recycled. Although the roof area of any tower is limited, the building implements a rainwater collection and recycling scheme for its cooling systems. The building 's PureCell phosphoric acid fuel cells generate 4.8 megawatts ( MW ) of power, and its waste steam generates electricity. The New York Power Authority selected UTC Power to provide the tower 's fuel cell system, which was one of the largest fuel cell installations in the world once completed. The tower also makes use of off - site hydroelectric and wind power. The windows are made of an ultra-clear glass, which allows maximum sunlight to pass through ; the interior lighting is equipped with dimmers that automatically dim the lights on sunny days, reducing energy costs. Like all of the new facilities at the World Trade Center site, One World Trade Center is heated by steam, with limited oil or natural gas utilities on - site. One World Trade Center is expected to receive a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ( LEED ) Gold Certification, making it one of the most environmentally sustainable skyscrapers in the world. Safety and security Security features One World Trade Center and 7 World Trade Center at night Along with the protection provided by the reinforced concrete base, a number of other safety features were included in the building 's design, so that it would be prepared for a major accident or terrorist attack. Like 7 World Trade Center, the building has 3 - foot ( 91 cm ) thick reinforced concrete walls in all stairwells, elevator shafts, risers, and sprinkler systems. There are also extra-wide, pressurized stairwells, along with a dedicated set of stairwells exclusively for the use of firefighters, and biological and chemical filters throughout the ventilation system. In comparison, the original Twin Towers used a purely steel central core to house utility functions, protected only by lightweight drywall panels. The building is no longer 25 feet ( 8 m ) away from West Street, as the Twin Towers were ; at its closest point, West Street is 65 feet ( 20 m ) away. The windows facing West Street are equipped with specially tempered blast - resistant plastic, which looks almost like the glass used in the other sides of the building. The Port Authority has stated : `` Its structure is designed around a strong, redundant steel moment frame consisting of beams and columns connected by a combination of welding and bolting. Paired with a concrete - core shear wall, the moment frame lends substantial rigidity and redundancy to the overall building structure while providing column - free interior spans for maximum flexibility. '' In addition to safety design, new security measures will be implemented. All vehicles will be screened for radioactive materials and other potentially dangerous objects before they enter the site through the underground road. Four hundred closed - circuit surveillance cameras will be placed in and around the site, with live camera feeds being continuously monitored by the NYPD. A computer system will use video - analytic computer software, designed to detect potential threats, such as unattended bags, and retrieve images based on descriptions of terrorists or other criminal suspects. New York City and Port Authority police will patrol the site. Before the World Trade Center site was fully completed, the plaza was not completely opened to the public, as the original World Trade Center plaza was. The initial stage of the opening process began on Thursday, May 15, 2014, when the `` Interim Operating Period '' of the National September 11 Memorial ended. During this period, all visitors were required to undergo airport style security screening, as part of the `` Interim Operating Period '', which was expected to end on December 31, 2013. However, screening did not fully end until the official dedication and opening of the museum on May 21, 2014, after which visitors were allowed to use the plaza without needing passes. Incidents In March 2014, the tower was scaled by 16 - year - old Weehawken, New Jersey resident Justin Casquejo, who entered the site through a hole in a fence. He was subsequently arrested on trespassing charges. He allegedly dressed like a construction worker, sneaked in, and convinced an elevator operator to lift him to the tower 's 88th floor, according to news sources. He then used stairways to get to the 104th floor, walked past a sleeping security guard, and climbed up a ladder to get to the antenna, where he took pictures for two hours. The elevator operator was reassigned, and the guard was fired. It was then revealed that officials had failed to install security cameras in the tower, which facilitated Casquejo 's entry to the site. Casquejo was sentenced to 23 days of community service as a result. Less than a week after the trespassing incident, four people -- three male parachutists ( one of whom was a construction worker at the site ) and their lookout -- were arrested for a BASE jump they conducted on September 30, 2013. They had posted a video of the jump online. As a result of these incidents, the Durst Organization 's head of security at One World Trade Center, David Velazquez, resigned on March 28, 2014. Controversies The social center of the previous One World Trade Center included a restaurant on the 107th floor, called Windows on the World, and The Greatest Bar on Earth ; these were tourist attractions in their own right, and a gathering spot for people who worked in the towers. This restaurant also housed one of the most prestigious wine schools in the United States, called `` Windows on the World Wine School '', run by wine personality Kevin Zraly. Despite numerous assurances that these attractions would be rebuilt, the Port Authority scrapped plans to rebuild them, which has outraged some observers. The fortified base of the tower has also been a source of controversy. Some critics, including Deroy Murdock of the National Review, have said that it is alienating and dull, and reflects a sense of fear rather than freedom, leading them to dub the building `` the Fear Tower ''. Nicolai Ouroussoff, the architecture critic for The New York Times, calls the tower base a `` grotesque attempt to disguise its underlying paranoia ''. Owners and tenants One World Trade Center is principally owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Around 5 percent equity of the building was sold to the Durst Organization, a private real estate company, in exchange for an investment of at least $100 million. The Durst Organization assisted in supervising the building 's construction, and manages the building for the Port Authority, having responsibility for leasing, property management, and tenant installations. By September 2012, around 55 percent of the building 's floor space had been leased, but no new leases were signed for three years until May 2014 ; the amount of space leased had gone up to 62.8 percent by November 2014. In 2006, the State of New York agreed to a 15 - year 415,000 square feet ( 38,600 m ) lease, with an option to extend the lease 's term and occupy up to 1,000,000 square feet ( 90,000 m ). The General Services Administration ( GSA ) initially agreed to a lease of around 645,000 square feet ( 59,900 m ), and New York State 's Office of General Services ( OGS ) planned to occupy around 412,000 square feet ( 38,300 m ). However, the GSA ceded most of its floor space to the Port Authority in July 2011, and the OGS withdrew from the lease contract. In April 2008, the Port Authority announced that it was seeking a bidder to operate the 18,000 sq ft ( 1,700 m ) observation deck on the tower 's 102nd floor ; in 2013, Legends Hospitality Management agreed to operate the observatory in a 15 - year, $875 million contract. The building 's first lease, a joint project between the Port Authority and Beijing - based Vantone Industrial, was announced on March 28, 2009. A 190,810 sq ft ( 17,727 m ) `` China Center '', combining business and cultural facilities, is planned between floors 64 and 69 ; it is intended to represent Chinese business and cultural links to the United States, and to serve American companies that wish to conduct business in China. Vantone Industrial 's lease is for 20 years and 9 months. In April 2011, a new interior design for the China Center was unveiled, featuring a vertical `` Folding Garden '', based on a proposal by the Chinese artist Zhou Wei. On August 3, 2010, Condé Nast Publications signed a tentative agreement to move the headquarters and offices for its magazines into One World Trade Center, occupying up to 1,000,000 square feet ( 90,000 m ) of floor space. On May 17, 2011, Condé Nast reached a final agreement with the Port Authority, securing a 25 - year lease with an estimated value of $2 billion. On May 25, 2011, Condé Nast finalized the lease contract, obtaining 1,008,012 square feet ( 93,647.4 m ) of office space between floors 20 -- 41. The lease also includes 30,000 square feet ( 2,800 m ) of usable space in the podium and below grade floors, for mail, messenger services, and storage use. On January 17, 2012, it was reported that Condé Nast would be leasing an additional 133,000 square feet ( 10,000 m ) of space, occupying floors 42 through 44. Conde Nast moved in on November 3, 2014. However, some leases had failed. In January 2012, Chadbourne & Parke, a Midtown Manhattan - based law firm, was to sign a 300,000 square feet ( 30,000 m ) lease contract, but after negotiations broke down, the deal was abruptly canceled in March. Key figures Developer Larry Silverstein of Silverstein Properties, the leaseholder and developer of the complex, retains control of the surrounding buildings, while the Port Authority has full control of the tower itself. Silverstein signed a 99 - year lease for the World Trade Center site in July 2001, and remains actively involved in most aspects of the site 's redevelopment process. Before construction of the new tower began, Silverstein was involved in an insurance dispute regarding the tower. The terms of the lease agreement signed in 2001, for which Silverstein paid $14 million, gave Silverstein, as leaseholder, the right and obligation to rebuild the structures if they were destroyed. After the September 11 attacks, there were a series of disputes between Silverstein and insurance companies concerning the insurance policies that covered the original towers ; this resulted in the construction of One World Trade Center being delayed. After a trial resulted, a verdict was given on April 29, 2004. The verdict was that ten of the insurers involved in the dispute were subject to the `` one occurrence '' interpretation, so their liability was limited to the face value of those policies. Three insurers were added to the second trial group. At that time, the jury was unable to reach a verdict on one insurer, Swiss Reinsurance, but it did so several days later on May 3, 2004, finding that this company was also subject to the `` one occurrence '' interpretation. Silverstein appealed the Swiss Reinsurance decision, but the appeal failed on October 19, 2006. The second trial resulted in a verdict on December 6, 2004. The jury determined that nine insurers were subject to the `` two occurrences '' interpretation, referring to the fact that two different planes had destroyed the towers during the September 11 attacks. They were therefore liable for a maximum of double the face value of those particular policies ( $2.2 billion ). The highest potential payout was $4.577 billion, for buildings 1, 2, 4, and 5. In March 2007, Silverstein appeared at a rally of construction workers and public officials outside an insurance industry conference. He highlighted what he describes as the failures of insurers Allianz and Royal & Sun Alliance to pay $800 million in claims related to the attacks. Insurers state that an agreement to split payments between Silverstein and the Port Authority is a cause for concern. Key project coordinators David Childs, one of Silverstein 's favorite architects, joined the project after Silverstein urged him to do so. He developed a design proposal for One World Trade Center, initially collaborating with Daniel Libeskind. In May 2005, Childs revised the design to address security concerns. He is the architect of the tower, and is responsible for overseeing its day - to - day design and development. Daniel Libeskind won the 2002 competition to develop a master plan for the World Trade Center 's redevelopment. Architect Daniel Libeskind won the invitational competition to develop a plan for the new tower in 2002. He gave an initial proposal, which he called `` Memory Foundations '', for the design of One World Trade Center. His design included aerial gardens, windmills, and off - center spire. Libeskind later denied a request to place the tower in a more rentable location next to the PATH station. He instead placed it another block west, as it would then line up with, and resemble, the Statue of Liberty. Most of Libeskind 's original designs were later scrapped, and other architects were chosen to design the other WTC buildings. However, one element of Libeskind 's initial plan was included in the final design -- the tower 's symbolic height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ). Daniel R. Tishman -- along with his father John Tishman, builder of the original World Trade Center -- led the construction team from Tishman Realty & Construction, the selected builder for One World Trade Center. Douglas and Jody Durst, the co-presidents of the Durst Organization, a real estate development company, won the right to invest at least $100 million in the project on July 7, 2010. In August 2010, Condé Nast, a long - time Durst tenant, confirmed a tentative deal to move into One World Trade Center, and finalized the deal on May 26, 2011. The contract negotiated between the Port Authority and the Durst Organization specifies that the Durst Organization will receive a $15 million fee, and a percentage of `` base building changes that result in net economic benefit to the project ''. The specifics of the signed contract give Durst 75 percent of savings up to $24 million, stepping down to 50, 25, and 15 percent as savings increase. Since Durst joined the project, significant changes have been made to the building, including the 185 foot base of the tower, the spire, and the plaza to the west of the building, facing the Hudson River. The Port Authority has approved all the revisions. Port Authority construction workers A WoodSearch Films short - subject documentary entitled How does it feel to work on One World Trade Center ? was uploaded to YouTube on August 31, 2010. It depicted construction workers who were satisfied with the working conditions at the construction site. However, further analysis of the work site showed that dozens of construction - related injuries had occurred at the site during the construction of One World Trade Center, including 34 not reported to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Workers also left post-9 / 11 - related graffiti at the site, which are supposed to symbolize rebirth and resilience. See also Architecture portal New York City portal One World Trade Center in popular culture Artwork in the World Trade Center ( 2001 - present ) Architecture of New York City List of buildings with 100 floors or more List of public observation decks List of tallest buildings in New York City / the United States / the world List of tallest freestanding structures References ^ Jump up to : Westfeldt, Amy ( March 26, 2009 ). `` Freedom Tower has a new preferred name ''. Silverstein Properties. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 31, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2009. Jump up ^ Stanglin, Doug ( May 10, 2013 ). `` Spire permanently installed on WTC tower ''. USA Today. Retrieved May 10, 2013. ^ Jump up to : Smith, Aaron. `` One World Trade Center, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, is open for business ''. money.cnn.com. CNN Money. Retrieved March 30, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center Observatory Opens to Public ''. usnews.com. U.S. News. Retrieved March 30, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Brennan, Morgan ( April 30, 2012 ). `` 1 World Trade Center Officially New York 's New Tallest Building ''. Forbes. Retrieved July 26, 2013. ^ Jump up to : Brown, Eliot ( January 30, 2012 ). `` Tower Rises, And So Does Its Price Tag ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 16, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center -- The Skyscraper Center ''. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. September 11, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center ''. Emporis.com. Retrieved January 14, 2012. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center to retake title of NYC 's tallest building ''. Fox News Channel. Associated Press. April 29, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Office Leasing ''. One World Trade Center. Retrieved November 3, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Elevating One World Trade Center ''. ThyssenKrupp Elevator. Retrieved January 23, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center ''. Silverstein Properties. September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Louis Berger Group and Hill International to Provide Program Management Services for Downtown Restoration Program and WTC Transportation Hub ''. Hill International, Inc. August 13, 2004. Retrieved July 21, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center ''. SkyscraperPage... Retrieved January 17, 2012. Jump up ^ During the planning stages, the building initially dubbed Freedom Tower as the official name. Later the owners decided to call it One World Trade Center. Jump up ^ `` Freedom Tower Will Be Called One World Trade Center ''. foxnews.com. Fox News. Retrieved March 30, 2017. Jump up ^ Feiden, Douglas. `` ' Freedom ' out at WTC : Port Authority says The Freedom Tower is now 1 World Trade Center ''. nydailynews.com. Daily News New York. Retrieved March 30, 2017. Jump up ^ Gillespie, Angus K. ( 1999 ). `` Chapter 1 ''. Twin Towers : The Life of New York City 's World Trade Center. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0 - 7838 - 9785 - 5. Jump up ^ Wright, George Cable ( January 23, 1962 ). `` 2 States Agree on Hudson Tubes and Trade Center ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Authority Trains Winning Plaudits ''. The New York Times. September 4, 1967. Five years ago, the Port of New York Authority took over the bankrupt and antiquated Hudson Tubes. Yesterday the management, employees and commuters appeared reasonably pleased with the improvements made under the Port Authority Trans - Hudson Corporation. Jump up ^ National Construction Safety Team ( September 2005 ). `` Chapter 1 ''. Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers ( PDF ). NIST. pp. 5 -- 6. Jump up ^ Taylor, R.E. ( December 1966 ). `` Computers and the Design of the World Trade Center ''. ASCE, Structural Division. 92 ( ST -- 6 ) : 75 -- 91. Jump up ^ Lew, H.S., Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino ( September 2005 ). Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems ( NCSTAR 1 - 1 ). National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 8. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ National Construction Safety Team ( September 2005 ). Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers ( PDF ). NIST. Jump up ^ Lew, H.S., Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino ( September 2005 ). Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems ( NCSTAR 1 - 1 ). National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. xxxvi. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Darton, Eric ( 1999 ) Divided We Stand : A Biography of New York 's World Trade Center, Chapter 6, Basic Books. ^ Jump up to : Holusha, John ( January 6, 2002 ). `` Commercial Property ; In Office Market, a Time of Uncertainty ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` Ford recounts details of Sept. 11 ''. Real Estate Weekly. BNET. February 27, 2002. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2009. Jump up ^ Lew, H.S., Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino ( September 2005 ). Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems ( NCSTAR 1 - 1 ). National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ). p. 13. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Seven World Trade Center ( pre-9 / 11 ) ''. Emporis.com. Retrieved May 7, 2006. Jump up ^ `` Timeline : World Trade Center chronology ''. PBS -- American Experience. Retrieved May 15, 2007. Jump up ^ `` 1973 : World Trade Center Is Dynamic Duo of Height ''. Engineering News - Record. August 16, 1999. Archived from the original on June 11, 2002. ^ Jump up to : Mcdowell, Edwin ( April 11, 1997 ). `` At Trade Center Deck, Views Are Lofty, as Are the Prices ''. The New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Willis Tower Building Information ''. Archived from the original on July 19, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` Official Opening of Iconic Burj Dubai Announced ''. Gulf News. November 4, 2009. Archived from the original on November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2009. Jump up ^ `` World 's tallest building opens in Dubai ''. BBC News. January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2010. ^ Jump up to : Ruchelman ( 1977 ), p. 11 Jump up ^ Yoneda, Yuka ( September 11, 2011 ). `` 6 Important Facts You May Not Know About One World Trade Center ''. Inhabitat. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Deutsch, Claudia H ( February 26, 1995 ). `` Commercial Property / World Trade Center ; Attuning a Huge Concourse to an Upscale Trade ''. The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Air - Cooled PATH Terminal in World Trade Center Opens Tuesday ''. The New York Times. July 1, 1971. p. 94. Retrieved May 30, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Office locations ''. Cantor Fitzgerald. March 4, 2000. Retrieved on October 4, 2009. Jump up ^ `` About the Port Authority. '' Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. June 22, 2000. Retrieved on January 22, 2010. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center Building Performance Study '' ( PDF ). Federal Emergency Management Agency. Retrieved March 8, 2007. Six 1,200 - kilowatt ( kW ) emergency power generators located in the sixth basement ( B - 6 ) level provided a secondary power supply. Jump up ^ Fischbach, Amy Florence ( January 1, 2001 ). `` Towering security ''. CEE News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved March 8, 2007. E-J Electric set four generators on the roof of Tower 5, which was nine stories, as opposed to the 110 - story Towers 1 and 2. E-J then ran high - voltage feeder cable to One, Two, Four, and Five World Trade Center, installed three substations and distributed power to the tenants. ^ Jump up to : `` The Two Twin Towers of 2001 -- What brought them Down ! ''. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( May 12, 2003 ). `` Broadcasters Put Antennas In Midtown ''. The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Darton ( 1999 ), p. 204 Jump up ^ Darton ( 1999 ), p. 8 Jump up ^ Olshan, Jeremy ( February 4, 2003 ). `` ' Not Deliverable ' ; Mail still says ' One World Trade Center ' ''. Newsday ( New York ). Jump up ^ The Wine News Magazine. Retrieved May 1, 2014. Archived February 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Gillespie ( 1999 ), p. 5 ^ Jump up to : `` Trade Center Hit by 6 - Floor Fire ''. The New York Times. February 14, 1975. Retrieved September 11, 2008. Jump up ^ Nadine M. Post ( November 4, 2002 ). `` Study Absolves Twin Tower Trusses, Fireproofing ''. Retrieved May 1, 2014. Jump up ^ Reeve ( 1999 ), p. 10 Jump up ^ Lew, H.S., Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino ( September 2005 ). Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems ( NCSTAR 1 - 1 ). National Institute of Standards and Technology. pp. xlv. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Mathews, Tom ( March 8, 1993 ). `` A Shaken City 's Towering Inferno ''. Newsweek. Retrieved October 26, 2008. Jump up ^ Barbanel, Josh ( February 27, 1993 ). `` Tougher Code May Not Have Helped ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Flight Path Study -- American Airlines Flight 11 '' ( PDF ). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Jump up ^ `` Flight Path Study -- United Airlines Flight 175 '' ( PDF ). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Jump up ^ `` 9 / 11 Commission Report ''. The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Jump up ^ Miller, Bill ( May 1, 2002 ). `` Skyscraper Protection Might Not Be Feasible, Federal Engineers Say ''. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved November 24, 2013. Jump up ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study, Ch. 5 WTC 7 -- section 5.5. 4 Jump up ^ Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, p. xxxvii. Jump up ^ `` How much did the September 11 terrorist attack cost America ? ''. 2004. Institute for the Analysis of Global Security. Retrieved April 30, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Winnipegger heads to NY for 9 / 11 memorial ''. CBC News. September 9, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2013. A total of 2,996 people died : 19 hijackers and 2,977 victims. Jump up ^ Stone, Andrea ( August 20, 2002 ). `` Military 's aid and comfort ease 9 / 11 survivors ' burden ''. USA Today. Retrieved September 2, 2011. ^ Jump up to : Sunder ( 2005 ), p. 48. Jump up ^ Westfeldt, Amy ( March 23, 2007 ). `` Debate over staircase slows WTC project ''. Times Union. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Lower Manhattan Development Corporation Announces Design Study for World Trade Center Site and Surrounding Areas '' ( Press release ). RenewNYC.org. August 14, 2002. Retrieved August 7, 2008. Jump up ^ Walsh, Edward ( September 15, 2001 ). `` Bush Encourages N.Y. Rescuers '' ( PDF ). The Washington Post. pp. A10. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People ''. The White House. September 20, 2001. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Freedom Tower 's Evolution ''. The New York Times. January 3, 2006. Retrieved January 14, 2012. Jump up ^ `` America 's Freedom Tower ? ''. MSNBC. February 17, 2005. Retrieved November 22, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Prismatic glass façade for WTC tower scrapped '' Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine... The Huffington Post. May 12, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Final design for Freedom Tower is unveiled ''. Civil + Structural Engineer. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Trucks roll to begin Freedom Tower construction ''. Daily News. New York. April 27, 2006. Archived from the original on May 3, 2006. ^ Jump up to : Cooper, Michael ( March 16, 2006 ). `` Stalled Talks Are More Bad News for Pataki ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Governor Pataki, Governor Mcgreevey, Mayor Bloomberg Lay Cornerstone for Freedom Tower '' ( Press release ). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. July 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Cornerstone of Freedom Tower removed ''. CBS News. June 25, 2006. Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center ''. FRASER : Building His District, Brick by Brick. Retrieved May 1, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Building of N.Y. Freedom Tower begins ''. USA Today. Associated Press. April 28, 2006. Retrieved February 1, 2009. Jump up ^ Chan, Sewell ( December 18, 2006 ). `` Messages of Love and Hope on a Freedom Tower Beam ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ `` First Freedom Tower Beam Rises At Ground Zero ''. WCBS - TV. December 19, 2006. Archived from the original on December 20, 2006. Retrieved July 17, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Statement by Port Authority Regarding Preparation of Towers 3 and 4 Bathtub at WTC Site to Allow Silverstein Properties to Begin Construction in January '' ( Press release ). Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. December 31, 2007. Archived from the original on September 16, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ World Trade Center project has begun to take shape. The Star - Ledger. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Port Authority installs cocoon safety system around World Trade Center steel structure ''. The Star - Ledger. May 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ `` 1 WTC, aka Freedom Tower, reaches halfway mark ''. Associated Press via The Wall Street Journal. December 16, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center Growing This Summer ''. Port Authority. 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011. Jump up ^ `` The World Trade Centre Slow building ''. The Economist. April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on May 31, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2009. Jump up ^ `` ' Freedom ' out at WTC : Port Authority says The Freedom Tower is now 1 World Trade Center ''. Daily News. New York. March 27, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2014. Jump up ^ Lois Weiss and Chuck Bennett. `` Detailed schematics of 1 World Trade Center posted online '' Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine... New York Post. May 19, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` WTC Progress from PANYNJ ''. Panynj.gov. Retrieved June 23, 2012. Jump up ^ `` '' Tribute in Lights '' illuminated in NYC skyline at night ``. Xinhua News Agency. September 11, 2011. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center : Construction Progress ''. The Atlantic. September 10, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center 's spire is illuminated for the first time but New York faces a tense wait to see if it qualifies as the tallest tower in the US ( with stiff competition from Chicago ) ''. Daily Mail. Associated Press. November 9, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center design flaw could cost millions ''. The Wall Street Journal. Associated Press. February 1, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center construction updates ''. Lower Manhattan.info. February 14, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Brown, Eliot ( March 30, 2012 ). `` One World Trade Center Hits 100 Stories, Helped by Funny Math ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 1, 2012. Jump up ^ `` It 's official : 1 WTC is New York 's new tallest building ''. Daily News. New York. April 30, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2012. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center On Top As Tallest Building In New York City '' Archived June 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine... International Business Times. April 30, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013. Jump up ^ Poppy Harlow ; George Lerner ; Jason Hanna ( June 15, 2012 ). `` Obama signs beam of One World Trade Center ''. CNN. Retrieved August 2, 2012. Jump up ^ `` With New Logo, 1 WTC Begins Marketing Push '' Archived January 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine... The Wall Street Journal. April 11, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2012. Jump up ^ Higgs, Larry ( August 30, 2012 ). `` One World Trade Center steel skeleton completed ''. Asbury Park Press. Retrieved August 30, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Steel spire rises atop New York 's One World Trade Center ''. Reuters. December 12, 2012. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 27. Jump up ^ Mathias, Christopher ( December 12, 2012 ). `` One World Trade Center Spire : Workers Begin To Hoist Spire Atop City 's Tallest Building ( PHOTOS ) ( VIDEO ) ''. The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 13, 2012. Jump up ^ `` FIRST SECTION OF SPIRE INSTALLED AT ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER ''. PANYNJ. January 15, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` 1 World Trade Center to top out Monday as tallest building in hemisphere ''. CNN. April 28, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Final pieces hoisted atop One World Trade Center ''. CNN. May 3, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2013. Jump up ^ Edmiston, Jake ( 2013 - 05 - 02 ). `` ' A historic milestone ' : 125 - metre spire from Quebec crowns World Trade Centre in N.Y.C after dispute solved ''. National Post. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 27. Jump up ^ Simone Foxman ( September 13, 2013 ). `` The puzzling non-profit behind the `` World Trade Center '' name makes a surprising amount of money ``. Quartz. Retrieved September 14, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Tallest building ruling : Willis Tower loses to One World Trade Center ''. Chicago Tribune. November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Architects rule 1 World Trade Center tallest building in US ''. MyFoxNY. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` CTBUH Affirms One World Trade Center Height ''. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013. Jump up ^ DeGregory, Priscilla ( November 3, 2014 ). `` 1 World Trade Center is open for business ''. New York Post. Retrieved November 18, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Bagli, Charles V. ( November 2, 2014 ). `` Condé Nast Moves Into the World Trade Center as Lower Manhattan Is Remade ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Dawsey, Josh ( October 23, 2014 ). `` One World Trade to Open Nov. 3, But Ceremony is TBD ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 23, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Margolin, Josh ( November 3, 2014 ). `` 1 World Trade Center Opening Highlights Rebirth, Renewal Following 9 / 11 Attacks '' Archived August 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine... Good Morning America. ABC News. Jump up ^ Moore, Jack ( November 3, 2014 ). `` World Trade Center Re-opens as Tallest Building in America ''. International Business Times. One World Trade Center. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center to become NYC 's tallest building ''. WJLA - TV. Associated Press. April 30, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Morris, Keiko ( November 2, 2014 ). `` Finally, Tenants at One World Trade Center ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center opens for business ''. USA Today. Associated Press. November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Jump up ^ `` They train for this : Crews rescue World Trade Center window washers ''. CNN. November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Jump up ^ `` 2 workers rescued from 69th - floor scaffold at One WTC ''. USA Today. November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Jump up ^ Santoro, Marc ( November 12, 2014 ). `` Peril, and Daring, at 1 World Trade Center as Window Washers Are Trapped ''. New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Nordenson, Guy ( February 16, 2007 ). `` Freedom From Fear ''. The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2012. Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( February 13, 2007 ). `` Spitzer, in Reversal, Is Expected to Approve Freedom Tower, Officials Say ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Critics blast Port Authority for changing position on how toll hike money will be spent ''. The Star - Ledger. November 30, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2012 ^ Jump up to : David W. Dunlap ( June 12, 2012 ). `` 1 World Trade Center Is a Growing Presence, and a Changed One ''. The New York Times. Retrieved December 9, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Transportation Nation : `` Patrick Foye Named New Executive Director of NY - NJ Port Authority '' By Jim O'Grady Archived April 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine... October 19, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Eliot Brown ( May 10, 2012 ). `` Pointed Spat Over World Trade Spire ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Steve Cuozzo ( May 24, 2012 ). `` World Trade Center offers warm welcome ''. New York Post. Retrieved December 9, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Refined Master Site Plan for the World Trade Center Site ''. Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. Retrieved May 1, 2014. Jump up ^ Frangos, Alex ( 2004 - 07 - 07 ). `` New Dimensions in Design ''. Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099 - 9660. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 23. Jump up ^ `` New York beefs up World Trade Center site security for September 11 10th anniversary '' Archived April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine... The Telegraph. August 8, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` New glass design for One World Trade Center base wins approval '' Archived February 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine... WTC.com, November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Curtain Wall Installation Begins at One World Trade Center '' ( Press release ). ( ( Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP ) ). November 16, 2010. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Freedom Tower : World Trade Center, New York ''. Glass Steel and Stone. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` SOM Freedom Tower Fact Sheet '' ( PDF ) ( Press release ). Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. June 2005. ^ Jump up to : Interview with David Childs ( cont 'd ). Retrieved October 12, 2007 Jump up ^ `` Design Overview ''. 9 / 11 Memorial. Retrieved November 3, 2014. Jump up ^ Handwerker, Haim ( November 20, 2007 ). `` The politics of remembering Ground Zero -- Haaretz -- Israel News ''. Haaretz. Jump up ^ Herzenberg, Michael ( September 7, 2011 ). `` Mayor, WTC Developer Say Trade Center Site Has New Lease On Life ''. NY1. Archived from the original on September 21, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2011. Jump up ^ `` 1 World Trade Center Opening Highlights Rebirth, Renewal ''. ABC News. Retrieved November 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Centre Behind Schedule And Over Budget Says New York Governor ''. Sky News. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2010. Jump up ^ Barrionuevo, Alexei ( July 26, 2005 ). `` In Chicago, Plans for a High - Rise Raise Interest and Post-9 / 11 Security Concerns ''. The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Art fit for a skyscraper ''. The Economist. New York. 6 November 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2018. Jump up ^ Munro, Cait ( 21 November 2014 ). `` Is José Parlá 's Mural at One World Trade Center the World 's Largest Welcome Mat ? ''. Artnet News. Retrieved 27 January 2018. Jump up ^ `` The World Trade Center Retail Floor Plans ( Part 2 ) ''. Tribeca Citizen. January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Observatory at 1 World Trade Center opens to public May 29 ''. Crain 's New York. Associated Press. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015. Jump up ^ Chung, Jen ( October 28, 2014 ). `` One World Trade Center Observatory Sets Admission At $32 ''. gothamist. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` One World Observatory ''. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2014. Jump up ^ Gelfand, Eric ( February 25, 2014 ). `` ONE WORLD OBSERVATORY LAUNCHES ''. Legends.net. Retrieved May 22, 2014. Jump up ^ `` One WTC observation deck tickets go on sale, will open in May ''. NY Business Journal. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015. Jump up ^ Philip Messing ( April 9, 2015 ). `` Manhattan DA probing One WTC observation deck bid ''. NY Post. Retrieved April 9, 2015. Jump up ^ `` New World Trade Centre observatory opens, banishing memories of the Twin Towers ''. The Telegraph. May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Observatory At One World Trade Center Opens To Public Friday ''. CBS Local. May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015. Jump up ^ Corky Siemaszko ( April 7, 2015 ). `` Observation deck at World Trade Center 's Freedom Tower to open May 29 ''. NY Daily News. Retrieved April 8, 2015. Jump up ^ `` WTF 1 WTC ! It 's $32 just to walk into your restaurant ? ''. New York Post. April 15, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Do n't Eat at One World Trade Center 's Sky - High Restaurants ''. Curbed NY. July 1, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center -- Fact Sheet '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on December 22, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014. Jump up ^ Blaszczak, Karl ( September 19, 2013 ). `` The Technology Behind One World Trade Center ''. Scribol. Retrieved April 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Wall Street Journal : `` A Beacon Diminished '' By JAMES PANERO September 10, 2013 Jump up ^ Cuozzo, Steve ( May 25, 2012 ). `` One World Trade Center offers warm welcome ''. News. Retrieved April 25, 2014. Jump up ^ Dunlap, David W. ; Collins, Glenn ( June 30, 2005 ). `` Redesign Puts Freedom Tower on a Fortified Base ''. The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2009. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center Towers -- The Plan for Lower Manhattan ''. Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. September 11, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Crews finish installing World Trade Center spire ''. CNN. May 10, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Tallest buildings in NY ''. Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved June 23, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Tallest buildings under construction in the world ''. Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved June 23, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel -- The Skyscraper Center ''. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Tall towers : Signs in the sky ''. The Economist. January 15, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Jump up ^ Strapagiel, Lauren ( May 10, 2013 ). `` One World Trade Center not taller than CN Tower ''. Canada.com. Retrieved April 30, 2014. Jump up ^ Barrett, Joe ( December 9, 2009 ). `` Push to Finish Tallest Tower ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Change Means One World Trade Center Might Not Be America 's Tallest Building ''. CBS New York. May 10, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Questions on One World Trade Center Height ''. CTBUH. May 10, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2013. Jump up ^ Brown, Eliot ( May 10, 2012 ). `` Pointed Spat Over World Trade Spire ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Dispute over antenna could cost One World Trade Center title of tallest building in US ''. FOX News Network. May 9, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 432 Park Avenue ''. SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` 432 Park Avenue Will Reach 1,397 Feet, Taller Even Than the World Trade Center ''. The New York Observer. March 30, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` One World Trade Center 's Skinny Spire Redesign Might Not Measure Up ''. Architectural Record. The McGraw - Hill Companies, Inc. August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Rising new One World Trade Centre to push the envelope in green building design ''. Green Prospects Asia. February 27, 2012. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Fuel cells : a clean energy alternative at new World Trade Center ''. CleanTechnica.com. December 18, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2012. Jump up ^ `` WTC taps fuel cells '' Archived May 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine... The Wall Street Journal. November 1, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Green Facts About 1 WTC '' Archived August 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine... ThomasNet. January 3, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2012 ^ Jump up to : Dunlap, David W. ( July 9, 2008 ). `` Answers About Ground Zero Rebuilding ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` One World Trade Center : A New Icon for New York City ''. The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Archived from the original on December 27, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011. Jump up ^ Lew, H.S., Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino ( September 2005 ). Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems ( NCSTAR 1 - 1 ) ( PDF ). Final Reports of the Federal Building and Fire Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster. National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ). pp. 8, 40 -- 42. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Tarantola, Andrew ( September 9, 2011 ). `` How to Terror - Proof the New World Trade Center ''. Gizmodo. Retrieved May 22, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Dunlap, David W. ( May 15, 2014 ). `` Passes Are No Longer Needed at 9 / 11 Memorial ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Visitor Rules and Regulations ''. Articles of Incorporation. World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, Inc. Retrieved May 29, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Visitor Rules and Regulations ''. Web. 911memorial.org. Retrieved April 28, 2014. The `` Interim Operating Period '' is the period during which the Memorial Plaza ( defined below ) is surrounded by World Trade Center construction on all four sides and accessible by visitors only via the 9 / 11 Memorial Welcome Site. The approximate duration of the Interim Operating Period is from September 11, 2011 to December 31, 2013. Jump up ^ `` National September 11 Memorial Museum opens ''. Fox NY. May 21, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014. Jump up ^ Feeney, Sheila A. ( May 21, 2014 ). `` 9 / 11 Memorial Museum opens to the public ''. AM New York. Retrieved May 21, 2014. Jump up ^ `` New Jersey teen sneaks to top of 1 World Trade Center, police say ''. CNN. March 20, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014. Jump up ^ Peyser, Andrea ( April 4, 2014 ). `` Trespassers at 1 WTC are a wakeup call ''. New York Post. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ Messing, Philip, Frank Rosario and Bruce Golding ( March 20, 2014 ). `` Teen sneaks past guard to reach WTC spire ''. New York Post. Retrieved April 24, 2014. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Stepansky, Joseph & Thomas Tracy ( March 20, 2014 ). `` Daredevil teen sneaked into 1 World Trade Center ''. Daily News. New York. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ Margolin, Josh & Alyssa Newcomb ( March 20, 2014 ). `` Teen Sneaks Past Security, Climbs Atop 1 World Trade Center ''. ABC News. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Teen 's Stunt Exposes That WTC Has No Working Surveillance Cameras ''. Mashable. March 20, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Teen who climbed World Trade Center sentenced ''. CBS News. September 3, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Four men arrested in One World Trade Center jump stunt ''. CNN. March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014. Jump up ^ Sanburn, John ( March 25, 2014 ). `` Meet the Man Who Jumped Off One World Trade Center ''. Time. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ Rawlings, Nate ( March 25, 2014 ). `` WATCH : BASE Jumpers Leap Off One World Trade Center ''. Magazine. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center Security Boss Quits Over Breach ''. NBC News. March 29, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014. Jump up ^ Greg Morabito ( September 11, 2013 ). `` Windows on the World, New York 's Sky - High Restaurant -- Flashbacks -- Eater NY ''. Ny.eater.com. Retrieved April 29, 2014. Jump up ^ `` PHOTOS : The Stunning Views Atop One World Trade Center ''. The Huffington Post. April 2, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Windows on the World September 11 -- A 9 / 11 Story About Wine and Wisdom ''. Esquire. November 22, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2014. Jump up ^ Kramer, Louise ( September 17, 2001 ). `` Owner vows to reopen Windows On The World ''. Newspaper. Crain 's New York. Retrieved April 24, 2014. Jump up ^ `` WTC Scraps Windows on the World Plan ''. Gothamist. March 8, 2011. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Deroy Murdock on World Trade Center ''. National Review. March 11, 2005. Archived from the original on March 11, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Letters to the editor : Taking the Measure of the New Freedom Tower ''. The New York Times. July 1, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2012. Jump up ^ Ouroussoff, Nicolai ( March 4, 2007 ). `` Medieval Modern : Design Strikes a Defensive Posture ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2010. Jump up ^ David M. Levitt ( July 8, 2010 ). `` Durst, Onetime Critic, Wins Bid for Stake in 1 WTC ''. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ Joe Nocera ( September 17, 2010 ). `` In Skyscraper at Ground Zero, Sentiment Trumped Numbers ''. The New York Times. ^ Jump up to : Smith, Aaron ( September 11, 2012 ). `` World Trade Center returns to New York skyline ''. CNN. Retrieved January 4, 2013. Jump up ^ `` New WTC towers fill with tech tenants ''. Crain 's New York. Bloomberg News. January 7, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015. Advertising firm KiDS Creative, which in May agreed to the first private commercial lease at the skyscraper in three years Jump up ^ Steve Cuozzo ( November 18, 2015 ). `` Floors filling up fast at 1 World Trade Center ''. New York Post. Retrieved April 6, 2015. The two most recent transactions bring 1 WTC 's 3 million square feet to 62.8 percent leased, said Durst rep Jordan Barowitz ^ Jump up to : `` Gov. Pataki, Governor Corzine, Mayor Bloomberg Announce Agreements to Occupy Freedom Tower ''. US States News. September 17, 2006. Jump up ^ `` A GSA haircut at 1 WTC '' Archived January 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine... New York Post. July 18, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011. Jump up ^ Feiden, Douglas ( April 10, 2008 ). `` Freedom Tower to open observation deck on 102nd floor ''. Daily News. Retrieved July 20, 2013. Jump up ^ `` World Trade Center site sits empty as rivals lease up ''. Crain 's New York Business. May 12, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Owners drop Freedom Tower name for new WTC skyscraper ''. CNN. March 28, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2010. Jump up ^ `` China Center Unveils Folding Garden Design For Its Space In 1 WTC '' Archived December 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine... ChinaCenter.com. April 14, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2012. Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( August 3, 2010 ). `` Condé Nast to Move to Skyscraper at Ground Zero ''. The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2010. Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( May 17, 2011 ). `` Condé Nast Will Be Anchor of 1 World Trade Center ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2011. Jump up ^ Cuozzo, Steve ( January 17, 2012 ). `` Condé Nast taking more space at One World Trade Center ''. New York Post. Retrieved June 23, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Trade Tower Is Set to Add Prime Tenant, a Law Firm '' Archived November 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine... The New York Times. January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Chadbourne & Parke Will Not Lease at One World Trade '' Archived November 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine... The Real Deal. March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Verdict in 9 / 11 insurance battle ''. CNN. April 30, 2004. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Jump up ^ Frankel, Alison ( September 3, 2002 ). `` Double Indemnity : Was the WTC disaster one incident or two ? ''. The American Lawyer. Archived from the original on September 17, 2002. Jump up ^ Goldberger, Paul ( May 20, 2002 ). `` Groundwork : How the future of Ground Zero is being resolved ''. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 17, 2004. Jump up ^ Hamblett, Mark ( April 30, 2004 ). `` Jurors Deal World Trade Center Leaseholder Major Setback ''. New York Law Journal. Law.com. Jump up ^ Starkman, Dean ( April 30, 2004 ). `` Jury 's Decision Leaves Rebuilding of World Trade Center in Turmoil ''. The Wall Street Journal. p. A1. Jump up ^ Parekh, Rupal ( October 18, 2006 ). `` Appeals court rules for Swiss Re in WTC dispute ''. Business Insurance. Jump up ^ Hamblett, Mark ( October 19, 2006 ). `` Circuit Resolves Distribution Of 9 / 11 Insurance Proceeds ''. New York Law Journal. Jump up ^ Starkman, Dean ( December 7, 2004 ). `` Jury Rules for Silverstein on Trade Center Insurance ''. The Wall Street Journal. p. A11. Jump up ^ Murray, Barbra ( March 2007 ). `` WTC Developer to Get Additional $12.5 M Payment from Insurer TIG ''. Commercial Property News. Archived from the original on November 9, 2007. Jump up ^ `` Silverstein Lashes Out Against WTC Insurers ''. The New York Sun. March 13, 2007. Jump up ^ Profile of David Childs Archived April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine... America Rebuilds. 2006. Retrieved January 15, 2012. Jump up ^ Architecture -- Daniel Libeskind, Master Planner for the New York World Trade Center Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine... About.com. Retrieved January 15, 2012. Jump up ^ Foster and Partners was chosen for 2 WTC, Richard Rogers was chosen for 3 WTC, Fumihiko Maki and associates was chosen for 4 WTC, Kohn Pederson Fox was chosen for 5 WTC. Jump up ^ `` What Ever Happened to Daniel Libeskind 's Original WTC Freedom Tower Design ? '' Archived December 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Inhabitat.com. September 7, 2011. Retrieved April 11, 2012. Jump up ^ Marino, Vivian ( January 29, 2010 ). `` Daniel R. Tishman ''. The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2011. Jump up ^ `` WTC builder on the project 's status ''. The Real Deal. February 1, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2011. Jump up ^ New York Times : `` 1 World Trade Center Is a Growing Presence, and a Changed One '' By DAVID W. DUNLAP Archived October 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. June 12, 2012 Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( August 5, 2010 ). `` Dursts Make Deal for Stake in 1 World Trade Center ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ Bagli, Charles V. ( July 7, 2010 ). `` Dursts ' Stake in World Trade Tower Helps Project ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Conde Nast May Move to New World Trade Center Site ''. WNYC News. WNYC. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original ( XHTML 1.0 Transitional / CSS3 ) on August 21, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2011. Jump up ^ Brown, Eliot ( May 26, 2011 ). `` A Day of Deals at One World Trade Center ''. The Wall Street Journal. Jump up ^ `` How does it feel to work on One World Trade Center ? ''. WoodSearch Films. August 31, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2011. Jump up ^ Greg B. Smith ( November 3, 2014 ). `` Dozens of injuries at World Trade Center construction site went unreported ''. NY Daily News. Retrieved April 6, 2015. Jump up ^ Verena Dobnik ( January 24, 2013 ). `` WTC Graffiti : Workers, Visitors Leave Messages Of Hope, Defiance ''. Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 12, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015. Cited sources Reeve, Simon ( 1999 ). The New Jackals : Ramzi Yousef, Osama bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism. Northeastern University Press. Darton, Eric ( 1999 ). Divided We Stand : A Biography of New York 's World Trade Center. Basic Books. ISBN 0 - 465 - 01727 - 4. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to : One World Trade Center ( category ) Official website maintained by the Durst Organization and Cushman & Wakefield One World Observatory official website World Trade Center -- Maintained by Silverstein Properties One World Trade Center on CTBUH 's Skyscraper Center database LowerManhattan.Info -- Official site for Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center Glass, Steel and Stone -- History of Freedom Tower designs Records Preceded by Willis Tower Tallest building in the United States 541.3 metres ( 1,776 ft ) 2013 -- present Incumbent Preceded by Empire State Building Tallest building in New York City 541.3 metres ( 1,776 ft ) 2013 -- present Timeline of tallest buildings in New York City Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church ( c. 1643 ) Trinity Church ( 85 m ) ( 1846 ) New York World Building ( 94 m ) ( 1890 ) Manhattan Life Insurance Building ( 100 m ) ( 1894 ) Park Row Building ( 119 m ) ( 1899 ) Singer Building ( 187 m ) ( 1908 ) Metropolitan Life Tower ( 213 m ) ( 1909 ) Woolworth Building ( 241 m ) ( 1913 ) 40 Wall Street ( 283 m ) ( 1930 ) Chrysler Building ( 320 m ) ( 1930 ) Empire State Building ( 443 m ) ( 1931 ) World Trade Center ( 526 m ) ( 1973 ) Empire State Building ( 443 m ) ( 2001 ) One World Trade Center ( 541 m ) ( 2014 ) Tallest buildings by U.S. state AL RSA Battle House Tower AK Conoco - Phillips Building AZ Chase Tower AR Simmons Tower CA Wilshire Grand Center CO Republic Plaza CT City Place I DE River Tower at Christina Landing FL Panorama Tower GA Bank of America Plaza HI First Hawaiian Center ID Eighth and Main IL Willis Tower IN Salesforce Tower IA 801 Grand / Principal Building KS Epic Center KY 400 West Market LA One Shell Square ME Agora Grand Event Center MD Transamerica Tower MA John Hancock Tower MI Renaissance Center MN IDS Center MS Beau Rivage Hotel Casino MO One Kansas City Place MT First Interstate Center NE First National Bank Tower NV The Palazzo NH Manchester City Hall Plaza NJ 30 Hudson Street NM Albuquerque Plaza NY One World Trade Center NC Bank of America Corporate Center ND North Dakota State Capitol OH Key Tower OK Devon Energy Center OR Wells Fargo Center PA Comcast Technology Center RI Industrial National Bank Building SC Capital Center SD CenturyLink Tower TN AT&T Building TX JPMorgan Chase Tower UT Wells Fargo Center VT Decker Towers VA Westin Virginia Beach Town Center WA Columbia Center WV West Virginia State Capitol WI U.S. Bank Center WY White Hall DC Basilica of the Nat'l Shrine of the Immaculate Conception Supertall skyscrapers Current North America 432 Park Avenue 875 North Michigan Avenue Aon Center Bank of America Plaza Bank of America Tower Chrysler Building Empire State Building Franklin Center JPMorgan Chase Tower One World Trade Center One57 Salesforce Tower The New York Times Building Trump International Hotel and Tower Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Plaza Willis Tower Wilshire Grand Center South America Gran Torre Santiago Asia 23 Marina 85 Sky Tower Abenobashi Terminal Building Skyscraper ( Abeno Harukas ) Abraj Al Bait The Address Downtown Dubai ADNOC Headquarters Al Hamra Tower Almas Tower Arraya Tower Aspire Tower Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower Burj Al Arab Burj Khalifa Cayan Tower The Center Central Plaza Chang Fu Jin Mao Tower China World Trade Center Tower III Chongqing IFS T1 Chongqing World Financial Center CITIC Plaza Diwang International Fortune Center East Pacific Center Elite Residence Emirates Office Tower Etihad Towers Eton Place Dalian Fortune Center Gate to the East Greenland Puli Center Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou International Finance Center Haeundae Doosan We 've the Zenith HHHR Tower The Index International Commerce Centre International Finance Centre Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Central Plaza Jin Mao Tower Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Kingdom Centre KK100 The Landmark Leatop Plaza Longxi International Hotel Lotte World Tower MahaNakhon The Marina Torch Minsheng Bank Building Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre Tower 1 Nina Tower Northeast Asia Trade Tower Ocean Heights Pearl River Tower Petronas Towers Ping An Finance Centre The Pinnacle Princess Tower Rose Tower Shanghai Tower Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Shun Hing Square Suning Plaza 1, Wuxi Taipei 101 Telekom Tower Tianjin World Financial Center Wanda Plaza Wenzhou World Trade Center The Wharf Times Square White Magnolia Plaza World Trade Center Abu Dhabi Wuxi Maoye City -- Marriott Hotel Zhongzhou Holdings Financial Center Zhuhai St. Regis Hotel & Office Tower Zifeng Tower Europe City of Capitals Eurasia Federation Tower Mercury City Tower OKO Tower The Shard Australia Q1 Under construction North America 3 Hudson Boulevard 3 World Trade Center 9 DeKalb Avenue 30 Hudson Yards 35 Hudson Yards 45 Broad Street 50 Hudson Yards 53W53 111 West 57th Street 125 Greenwich Street Central Park Tower Comcast Technology Center Manhattan West Tower 1 One Vanderbilt Vista Tower Asia China Baoneng Center Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center Changsha A9 Financial District Changsha IFS Tower T1 Chengdu Greenland Tower China Resources Centre Block A China Resources Headquarters Chongqing Corporate Avenue 1 Concord International Centre Dalian Greenland Center Dalian International Trade Center Deji Plaza Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Eye of Spring Trade Center Gemdale Gangxia Tower 1 Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower B Goldin Finance 117 Greenland Group Suzhou Center Guangxi Finance Plaza Haikou Tower Hanking Center Heartland 66 Office Tower Hon Kwok City Center Huaguoyuan Tower 1 Huaguoyuan Tower 2 Jin Wan Plaza 1 Jinan Center Financial City Logan Century Center 1 Mandarin Oriental Chengdu Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower Nanjing World Trade Center Tower 1 Ningbo Center One Shenzhen Bay Phoenix Towers Rose Rock International Finance Center Runhua Global Center 1 Shenglong Global Center Shimao Hunan Center Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 South Asian Gate Spring City 66 Suning Plaza Tower 1, Zhenjiang Suzhou IFS Suzhou Zhongnan Center Tianjin Chow Tai Fook Binhai Center Tianjin Modern City Office Tower Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower Wuhan Center Wuhan Greenland Center Xiamen International Centre Yantai Shimao No. 1 The Harbour Yuexiu Fortune Center Tower 1 Zhujiang New City Tower India DB Crown Lokhandwala Minerva Namaste Tower Palais Royale Three Sixty West World One Saudi Arabia Capital Market Authority Headquarters Diamond Tower Jeddah Tower Lamar Towers South Korea LCT Landmark Tower LCT Residential Tower A LCT Residential Tower B Parc1 Tower UAE Address Boulevard Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower DAMAC Residenze Dubai Pearl Marina 101 Marina 106 The Skyscraper other Abu Dhabi Plaza The Exchange 106 Gate of Kuwait Gate of Taipei Iconic Tower Merdeka PNB 118 Pertamina Energy Tower Ryugyong Hotel The Stratford Residences VietinBank Business Center Office Tower Vincom Landmark 81 Europe Lakhta Center Australia Australia 108 Construction delayed or suspended Al Quds Endowment Tower Barwa Tower Burj Al Alam Busan Lotte Town Tower Doha Tower and Convention Center Dubai Towers Doha Forum 66 India Tower JW Marriott International Finance Centre Lighthouse Tower Millennium Tower Orchid Heights Pentominium The Pinnacle Plaza Rakyat Qatar National Bank Tower Signature Tower Jakarta Sino - Steel Tower Skycity Square Capital Tower Tameer Commercial Tower Tour Financial Hub Center Two World Trade Center Former World Trade Center ( 1973 -- 2001 ) See also Proposed supertall skyscrapers List of architects of supertall buildings New York City 's World Trade Center First WTC ( 1973 -- 2001 ) Construction Towers One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Windows on the World Mall The Bathtub Tenants One Two Four Five Six Seven Art Bent Propeller The Sphere The World Trade Center Tapestry World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture Ideogram Sky Gate, New York Major events February 13, 1975 fire February 26, 1993 bombing January 14, 1998 robbery September 11, 2001 attacks Collapse Timeline Victims Aftermath Deutsche Bank Building St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Second WTC ( 2001 -- present ) Site, towers, and structures One Construction Two Three Four Five Seven Performing Arts Center Vehicular Security Center Liberty Park St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Westfield Mall Artwork ( ONE : Union of the Senses ) Rapid transit PATH stations Transportation Hub New York City Subway stations Chambers Street -- WTC / Park Place ( 2, ​ 3 ​, A, ​ C, and ​ E trains ) Cortlandt Street ( N, ​ R, and ​ W trains ) Cortlandt Street ( 1 and ​ 2 trains ) Fulton Street ( 2, ​ 3 ​, 4, ​ 5 ​, A, ​ C ​, J, and ​ Z trains ) Fulton Center Corbin Building Dey Street Passageway 9 / 11 memorials 9 / 11 Tribute Museum National September 11 Memorial & Museum Competition Memory Foundations Tribute in Light America 's Response Monument Empty Sky Relics from original WTC The Sphere Cross Survivors ' Staircase People Minoru Yamasaki Emery Roth & Sons Larry Silverstein Austin J. Tobin David Childs Michael Arad THINK Team Daniel Libeskind Leslie E. Robertson Other Park51 Project Rebirth Take Back The Memorial West Street pedestrian bridges In popular culture Film Music 9 / 11 - related media featuring One WTC 10048 ZIP code Former : IFC Former : Twin Towers 2 Brookfield Place Brookfield Place 200 Liberty Street 225 Liberty Street 200 Vesey Street 250 Vesey Street Winter Garden Atrium New York Mercantile Exchange Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_World_Trade_Center&oldid=837945309 '' Categories : Daniel Libeskind buildings Financial District, Manhattan Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan Office buildings completed in 2014 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings World Trade Center Buildings and structures destroyed in the September 11 attacks 2013 establishments in New York ( state ) Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Good articles Use mdy dates from July 2017 Use American English from December 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Coordinates on Wikidata Pages using New York City Subway service templates Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikimedia Commons Ænglisc Asturianu Avañe'ẽ বাংলা Bikol Central Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 中文 Kabɩyɛ 57 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018, at 00 : 09. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who paid for the one world trade center
Answer: approximately $1 billion of insurance money