Matryoshka doll - wikipedia Matryoshka doll `` Russian dolls '' redirects here. For other uses, see Russian Dolls ( disambiguation ). Matryoshka set in a row Nesting of opened matryoshkas A matryoshka doll ( Russian : матрёшка, IPA : ( mɐˈtrjɵʂkə ) ( listen ) ), also known as a Russian nesting doll, stacking dolls, or Russian doll, is a set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another. The name `` matryoshka '' ( матрёшка ), literally `` little matron '', is a diminutive form of Russian female first name `` Matryona '' ( Матрёна ) or `` Matriosha ''. A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The first Russian nested doll set was made in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter at Abramtsevo. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long and shapeless traditional Russian peasant jumper dress. The figures inside may be of either gender ; the smallest, innermost doll is typically a baby turned from a single piece of wood. Much of the artistry is in the painting of each doll, which can be very elaborate. The dolls often follow a theme ; the themes may vary, from fairy tale characters to Soviet leaders. In the west, Matryoshka dolls are often mistakenly referred to as `` babushka dolls '', babushka meaning `` grandmother '' or `` old woman ''. Contents 1 History 2 Themes in dolls 2.1 Political Matryoshka 3 World record 4 As metaphor 5 See also 6 References 7 External links History The original matryoshka set by Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin, 1892 The first Russian nested doll set was carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin and designed by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter in the Abramtsevo estate of Savva Mamontov, a Russian industrialist and patron of arts. The doll set was painted by Malyutin. Malyutin 's doll set consisted of eight dolls -- the outermost was a girl in a traditional dress holding a rooster. The inner dolls were girls and a boy, and the innermost a baby. Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in descriptions of the doll, describing it as either a round, hollow daruma doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk, or a Seven Lucky Gods nesting doll. Savva Mamontov 's wife presented the dolls at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world. hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. ( May 2017 ) Themes in dolls Alsacian matryoshka dolls Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme ; for instance, peasant girls in traditional dress. Originally, themes were often drawn from tradition or fairy tale characters, in keeping with the craft tradition -- but since the late 20th century, they have embraced a larger range, including Russian leaders. Modern artists create many new styles of nesting dolls. Common themes include floral, Christmas, Easter, religious, animal collections, portraits and caricatures of famous politicians, musicians, athletes, astronauts, `` robots, '' and popular movie stars. Today, some Russian artists specialize in painting themed matryoshka dolls that feature specific categories of subjects, people or nature. Areas with notable matryoshka styles include Sergiyev Posad, Semionovo ( now the town of Semyonov ), Polkhovsky Maidan, and Kirov. Political matryoshka Russian leaders in matryoshka form In the late 1980s and early 1990s during Perestroika, freedom of expression allowed the leaders of the Soviet Union to become a common theme of matryoshka, with the largest doll featuring then - current leader Mikhail Gorbachev. These became very popular at the time, affectionately earning the nickname of a `` Gorby '', namesake of Gorbachev. With the periodic succession of Russian leadership after the collapse of the Soviet Union, newer versions would start to feature Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev. Most sets feature the current leader as the largest doll, with the predecessors decreasing in size. The remaining smaller dolls may feature other former leaders such as Leonid Brezhnev, Nikita Khrushchev, Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and sometimes several historically significant Tsars such as Nicholas II and Peter the Great. Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko almost never appear due to the short length of their respective terms. However, some less common sets may feature the current leader as the smallest doll, with the predecessors increasing in size, usually with Stalin or Lenin as the largest doll. Some sets that include Yeltsin preceding Gorbachev were made during the brief period between the establishment of President of the RSFSR and the collapse of the Soviet Union, as both Yeltsin and Gorbachev were concurrently in prominent government positions. During Medvedev 's presidency, Medvedev and Putin may both share the largest doll due to Putin still having a prominent role in the government as Prime Minister of Russia. As of Putin 's re-election as the 4th President of Russia, Medvedev will usually succeed Yeltsin and preceded Putin in stacking order, due to Putin 's role solely as the largest doll. Political matryoshka usually range between 5 and 10 dolls per set. World record The largest set of matryoshka dolls in the world is a 51 - piece set hand - painted by Youlia Bereznitskaia of Russia, completed in 2003. The tallest doll in the set measures 53.97 centimetres ( 21.25 in ) ; the smallest, 0.31 centimetres ( 0.12 in ). Arranged side - by - side, the dolls span 3.41 metres ( 11 ft 2.25 in ). As metaphor Matryoshkas are used metaphorically, as a design paradigm, known as the `` matryoshka principle '' or `` nested doll principle ''. It denotes a recognizable relationship of `` object - within - similar - object '' that appears in the design of many other natural and crafted objects. Examples of this use include the matrioshka brain, the Matroska media - container format, and the Russian Doll model of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The onion metaphor is of similar character. If the outer layer is peeled off an onion, a similar onion exists within. This structure is employed by designers in applications such as the layering of clothes or the design of tables, where a smaller table nests within a larger table, and a smaller one within that. See also Russia portal Toys portal Amish doll Chinese boxes Droste effect Mise en abyme Recursion Russian culture Self - similarity Shaker - style pantry box Stacking ( video game ) Turducken References Jump up ^ russian doll. ( n.d. ). Collins English Dictionary Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved April 14, 2016. Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary Online. Accessed 2011 - 03 - 25. Jump up ^ Russian Legacy. Accessed 2018 - 03 - 06. ^ Jump up to : `` Matryoshka - Soul of Russia ''. Russian Life. Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 23. ^ Jump up to : Billington, James H. ( 2004 ). Russia in search of itself. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 148,208. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8018 - 7976 - 0. Retrieved 2016 - 04 - 30. Jump up ^ `` Три матрешки '' ( Three Matryoshkas ), Vokrug sveta, July 1980. Jump up ^ `` Eastern roots of the most famous Russian toy ''. Russian Geographical Society. 2011 - 03 - 24. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Matryoshka dolls ''. FromRussia. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 05. Jump up ^ `` The hardworking women behind the matryoshkas hope for an Olympic boost ''. July 18, 2011, Natalya Radulova, Ogonyok Jump up ^ `` Largest Russian nesting doll ( matryoshka ) ''. guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 15 January 2017. External links Media related to Matryoshka dolls at Wikimedia Commons Russian souvenirs, arts and crafts Handicrafts Gorodets painting Gzhel Filimonovo toy Kholmogory bone carving Khokhloma Russian lacquer art Fedoskino miniature Kholuy miniature Mstyora miniature Palekh miniature Russian icons Zhostovo painting Tableware Kasli iron sculpture Table - glass Podstakannik Russian porcelain Dulyovo porcelain Samovar Clothing Afghanka Budenovka Cherkeska French Gymnastyorka Kokoshnik Kosovorotka Kaftan Lapti Orenburg shawl Papakha Peaked cap Podvorotnichok Russian lace Sailor cap Sarafan Spetsodezhda Telnyashka Ushanka Valenki Musical instruments Balalaika Garmon Gusli Bayan Russian guitar Musical spoons Treshchotka Toys Bird of Happiness Cheburashka Filimonovo toy Dymkovo toys Kargopol toys Matryoshka doll Petrushka Other Izba Fabergé egg Shashka Tula pryanik Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matryoshka_doll&oldid=843477708 '' Categories : 1890s toys Handicrafts Nested containers Russian culture Russian inventions Soviet culture Traditional dolls Wooden toys Products introduced in 1890 Hidden categories : Articles containing Russian - language text Articles with hAudio microformats Articles needing more detailed references Wikipedia articles needing style editing from May 2017 All articles needing style editing Articles with multiple maintenance issues Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 46 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 May 2018, at 11 : 54. 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Question: what is the name of the dolls that fit inside each other
Answer: A matryoshka doll