Alcoholic drink - wikipedia Alcoholic drink This article is about drinks containing alcohol. For alcohol as a drug specifically, see Alcohol ( drug ). A selection of alcoholic drinks. From left to right : red wine, malt whisky, lager, sparkling wine, lager, cherry liqueur and red wine A liquor store in the United States. Global sales of alcoholic drinks exceeded $1 trillion in 2014. An alcoholic drink, or alcoholic beverage, is a drink that contains alcohol ( ethanol ), a depressant which in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes intoxication ( drunkenness ), stupor and unconsciousness. Long - term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism. Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures. Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages ; some countries ban such activities entirely. However, alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world. The global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014. Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs in the world. For instance, in 2015, among Americans, 89 % of adults had consumed alcohol at some point, 70 % had drunk it in the last year, and 56 % in the last month. Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes -- beers, wines, and spirits -- and typically contain between 3 % and 40 % alcohol by volume. Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period ( cir. 10,000 BC ). Many animals also consume alcohol when given the opportunity and are affected in much the same way as humans, although humans are the only species known to produce alcoholic drinks intentionally. Contents 1 Fermented drinks 1.1 Wine 1.2 Beer 1.3 Cider 1.4 Mead 1.5 Pulque 2 Distilled drinks 2.1 Rectified spirit 3 Health effects 3.1 Short - term effects 3.2 Long - term effects 4 Usage 4.1 Apéritifs and digestifs 4.2 Flavoring 4.3 Congeners 4.4 Food energy 5 Alcohol measurement 5.1 Alcohol concentration 5.2 Serving measures 5.2. 1 Shot sizes 5.2. 2 Standard drinks 6 Laws 7 History 8 See also 8.1 Beverage - related articles 8.2 Social and health 9 References 10 External links Fermented drinks Wine ( left ) and beer ( right ) are served in different glasses Wine Main article : Wine See also : Wine and health Wine is a fermented beverage produced from grapes. Wine involves a longer fermentation process than beer and also a long aging process ( months or years ), resulting in an alcohol content of 9 % -- 16 % ABV. Sparkling wine can be made by means of a secondary fermentation. `` Fruit wines '' are made from fruits other than grapes, such as plums, cherries, or apples. Sake is a popular example of `` rice wine ''. Beer Main article : Beer See also : Beer styles and List of beer styles Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash. It is typically made from barley or a blend of several grains and flavored with hops. Most beer is naturally carbonated as part of the fermentation process. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the drink becomes a spirit. In the Andean region, the most common beer is chicha, made from grain or fruits. Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. Cider Cider or cyder ( / ˈsaɪdər / SY - dər ) is a fermented alcoholic drink made from any fruit juice ; apple juice ( traditional and most common ), peaches, pears ( `` Perry '' cider ) or other fruit. Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2 % ABV to 8.5 % or more in traditional English ciders. In some regions, cider may be called `` apple wine ''. Mead Mead ( / ˈmiːd / ) is an alcoholic drink made by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops. The alcoholic content of mead may range from about 8 % ABV to more than 20 %. The defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the drink 's fermentable sugar is derived from honey. Pulque Pulque is the Mesoamerican fermented drink made from the `` honey water '' of maguey cacti. The drink distilled from pulque is tequila or mescal. Distilled drinks Main article : Distilled beverage These flaming cocktails illustrate that high - proof alcohol will readily catch fire and burn. A distilled drink or liquor is an alcoholic drink produced by distilling ( i.e., concentrating by distillation ) ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables. Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have an alcohol content of at least 20 % ABV are called spirits. For the most common distilled drinks, such as whiskey and vodka, the alcohol content is around 40 %. The term hard liquor is used in North America to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones ( implicitly weaker ). Vodka, gin, baijiu, tequila, whiskey, brandy, and soju are examples of distilled drinks. Distilling concentrates the alcohol and eliminates some of the congeners. Freeze distillation concentrates ethanol along with methanol and fusel alcohols ( fermentation by - products partially removed by distillation ) in applejack. Fortified wine is wine, such as port or sherry, to which a distilled beverage ( usually brandy ) has been added. Fortified wine is distinguished from spirits made from wine in that spirits are produced by means of distillation, while fortified wine is simply wine that has had a spirit added to it. Many different styles of fortified wine have been developed, including port, sherry, madeira, marsala, commandaria, and the aromatized wine vermouth. Rectified spirit Rectified spirit, also called `` neutral grain spirit, '' is alcohol which has been purified by means of `` rectification '' ( i.e., repeated distillation ). The term `` neutral '' refers to the spirit 's lacking the flavor that would have been present if the mash ingredients had been distilled to a lower level of alcoholic purity. Rectified spirit also lacks any flavoring added to it after distillation ( as is done, for example, with gin ). Other kinds of spirits, such as whiskey, are distilled to a lower alcohol percentage in order to preserve the flavor of the mash. Rectified spirit is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid that may contain as much as 95 % ABV. It is often used for medicinal purposes. It may be a grain spirit or it may be made from other plants. It is used in mixed drinks, liqueurs, and tinctures, but also as a household solvent. Health effects Main article : Alcohol and health Results of the 2010 ISCD study ranking the levels of damage caused by drugs, in the opinion of drug - harm experts. When harm to self and others is summed, alcohol was the most harmful of all drugs considered, scoring 72 %. Alcoholic drinks are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ) as a Group 1 carcinogen ( carcinogenic to humans ). IARC classifies alcoholic drink consumption as a cause of female breast, colorectum, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers ; and as a probable cause of pancreatic cancer. Alcohol in carbonated drinks is absorbed faster than alcohol in non-carbonated drinks. Short - term effects Main article : Short - term effects of alcohol Wine, beer, distilled spirits and other alcoholic drinks contain ethyl alcohol and alcohol consumption has short - term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the wine, beer or spirits and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the - counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0.03 % - 0.12 % typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self - confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09 % to 0.25 % causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A BAC from 0.18 % to 0.30 % causes profound confusion, impaired speech ( e.g., slurred speech ), staggering, dizziness and vomiting. A BAC from 0.25 % to 0.40 % causes stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting ( death may occur due to inhalation of vomit ( pulmonary aspiration ) while unconscious ) and respiratory depression ( potentially life - threatening ). A BAC from 0.35 % to 0.80 % causes a coma ( unconsciousness ), life - threatening respiratory depression and possibly fatal alcohol poisoning. As with all alcoholic drinks, drinking while driving, operating an aircraft or heavy machinery increases the risk of an accident ; many countries have penalties against drunk driving. Long - term effects See also : Long - term effects of alcohol consumption Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic red wine may boost heart health. The main active ingredient of wine, beer and distilled spirits is alcohol. Drinking small quantities of alcohol ( less than one drink in women and two in men per day ) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and early death. Drinking more than this amount, however, increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. The risk is greater in younger people due to binge drinking which may result in violence or accidents. About 3.3 million deaths ( 5.9 % of all deaths ) are believed to be due to alcohol each year. Alcoholism reduces a person 's life expectancy by around ten years and alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States. No professional medical association recommends that people who are nondrinkers should start drinking wine. Another long - term effect of alcohol usage, when also used with tobacco products, is alcohol acting as a solvent, which allows harmful chemicals in tobacco to get inside the cells that line the digestive tract. Alcohol slows these cells ' healing ability to repair the damage to their DNA caused by the harmful chemicals in tobacco. Alcohol contributes to cancer through this process. While lower quality evidence suggest a cardioprotective effect, no controlled studies have been completed on the effect of alcohol on the risk of developing heart disease or stroke. Excessive consumption of alcohol can cause liver cirrhosis and alcoholism. The American Heart Association `` cautions people NOT to start drinking... if they do not already drink alcohol. Consult your doctor on the benefits and risks of consuming alcohol in moderation. '' Usage Apéritifs and digestifs An apéritif is any alcoholic beverage usually served before a meal to stimulate the appetite, while a digestif is any alcoholic beverage served after a meal for the stated purpose of improving digestion. Fortified wine, liqueurs, and dry champagne are common apéritifs. Because apéritifs are served before dining, they are usually dry rather than sweet. One example is Cinzano, a brand of vermouth. Digestifs include brandy, fortified wines and herb - infused spirits ( Drambuie ). Flavoring Pure ethanol tastes bitter to humans ; some people also describe it as sweet. However, ethanol is also a moderately good solvent for many fatty substances and essential oils. This facilitates the use of flavoring and coloring compounds in alcoholic drinks as a taste mask, especially in distilled drinks. Some flavors may be naturally present in the beverage 's raw material. Beer and wine may also be flavored before fermentation, and spirits may be flavored before, during, or after distillation. Sometimes flavor is obtained by allowing the beverage to stand for months or years in oak barrels, usually made of American or French oak. A few brands of spirits may also have fruit or herbs inserted into the bottle at the time of bottling. Reduction of red wine for a sauce by cooking it on a stovetop. It is called a reduction because the heat boils off some of the water and most of the more volatile alcohol, leaving a more concentrated, wine - flavoured sauce. Wine is important in cuisine not just for its value as an accompanying beverage, but as a flavor agent, primarily in stocks and braising, since its acidity lends balance to rich savory or sweet dishes. Wine sauce is an example of a culinary sauce that uses wine as a primary ingredient. Natural wines may exhibit a broad range of alcohol content, from below 9 % to above 16 % ABV, with most wines being in the 12.5 -- 14.5 % range. Fortified wines ( usually with brandy ) may contain 20 % alcohol or more. Congeners See also : Congener ( alcohol ), Wine chemistry, and Hangover In the alcoholic drinks industry, congeners are substances produced during fermentation. These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as occasionally desired other alcohols, like propanol and 3 - methyl - 1 - butanol, but also compounds that are never desired such as acetone, acetaldehyde and glycols. Congeners are responsible for most of the taste and aroma of distilled alcoholic drinks, and contribute to the taste of non-distilled drinks. It has been suggested that these substances contribute to the symptoms of a hangover. Tannins are congeners found in wine in the presence of phenolic compounds. Wine tannins add bitterness, have a drying sensation, taste herbaceous and are often described as astringent. Wine tannins adds balance, complexity, structure and makes a wine last longer, so they play an important role in the aging of wine. Food energy Alcoholic drinks are a source of food energy. The USDA uses a figure of 6.93 kilocalories ( 29.0 kJ ) per gram of alcohol ( 5.47 kcal ( 22.9 kJ ) per ml ) for calculating food energy. In addition to alcohol, many alcoholic drinks contain carbohydrates. For example, along with approximately 96 calories from alcohol in 350 ml ( 12 US fl oz ) of 5 % ABV beer, there are usually 10 -- 15 g of carbohydrates ( 40 -- 60 kcal or 170 -- 250 kJ ). Excessive daily calorie intake may contribute to an increase in body weight and so - called `` beer belly ''. In addition to the direct effect of its caloric content, alcohol is also known to potentiate the insulin response of the human body to glucose, which, in essence, `` instructs '' the body to convert consumed carbohydrates into fat and to suppress carbohydrate and fat oxidation. Alcohol measurement Alcohol concentration Typical ABV ranges Beers typically 5 % ( range is from 3 -- 15 % ) Wines typically 13.5 % ( range is from 8 % -- 17 % ) Fortified wines 15 -- 22 % Spirits typically 30 % - 40 % ( range is from 15 % to, in some rare cases, up to 98 % ) Fruit juices < 0.1 % Cider, wine coolers 4 % -- 8 % Main article : Alcohol by volume The concentration of alcohol in a beverage is usually stated as the percentage of alcohol by volume ( ABV, the number of milliliters ( ml ) of pure ethanol in 100 ml of beverage ) or as proof. In the United States, proof is twice the percentage of alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit ( e.g. 80 proof = 40 % ABV ). Degrees proof were formerly used in the United Kingdom, where 100 degrees proof was equivalent to 57.1 % ABV. Historically, this was the most dilute spirit that would sustain the combustion of gunpowder. Ordinary distillation can not produce alcohol of more than 95.6 % ABV ( 191.2 proof ) because at that point alcohol is an azeotrope with water. A spirit which contains a very high level of alcohol and does not contain any added flavoring is commonly called a neutral spirit. Generally, any distilled alcoholic beverage of 170 US proof or higher is considered to be a neutral spirit. Most yeasts can not reproduce when the concentration of alcohol is higher than about 18 %, so that is the practical limit for the strength of fermented drinks such as wine, beer, and sake. However, some strains of yeast have been developed that can reproduce in solutions of up to 25 % ABV. Serving Measures See also : Alcohol equivalence Shot sizes Shot sizes vary significantly from country to country. In the United Kingdom, serving size in licensed premises is regulated under the Weights and Measures Act ( 1985 ). A single serving size of spirits ( gin, whisky, rum, and vodka ) are sold in 25 ml or 35 ml quantities or multiples thereof. Beer is typically served in pints ( 568 ml ), but is also served in half - pints or third - pints. In Israel, a single serving size of spirits is about twice as much, 50 or 60 mL. The shape of a glass can have a significant effect on how much one pours. A Cornell University study of students and bartenders ' pouring showed both groups pour more into short, wide glasses than into tall, slender glasses. Aiming to pour one shot of alcohol ( 1.5 ounces or 44.3 ml ), students on average poured 45.5 ml & 59.6 ml ( 30 % more ) respectively into the tall and short glasses. The bartenders scored similarly, on average pouring 20.5 % more into the short glasses. More experienced bartenders were more accurate, pouring 10.3 % less alcohol than less experienced bartenders. Practice reduced the tendency of both groups to over pour for tall, slender glasses but not for short, wide glasses. These misperceptions are attributed to two perceptual biases : ( 1 ) Estimating that tall, slender glasses have more volume than shorter, wider glasses ; and ( 2 ) Over focusing on the height of the liquid and disregarding the width. Standard drinks A `` standard drink '' of hard liquor does not necessarily reflect a typical serving size, such as seen here A standard drink is a notional drink that contains a specified amount of pure alcohol. The standard drink is used in many countries to quantify alcohol intake. It is usually expressed as a measure of beer, wine, or spirits. One standard drink always contains the same amount of alcohol regardless of serving size or the type of alcoholic beverage. The standard drink varies significantly from country to country. For example, it is 7.62 ml ( 6 grams ) of alcohol in Austria, but in Japan it is 25 ml ( 19.75 grams ). In the United Kingdom, there is a system of units of alcohol which serves as a guideline for alcohol consumption. A single unit of alcohol is defined as 10 ml. The number of units present in a typical drink is sometimes printed on bottles. The system is intended as an aid to people who are regulating the amount of alcohol they drink ; it is not used to determine serving sizes. In the United States, the standard drink contains 0.6 US fluid ounces ( 18 ml ) of alcohol. This is approximately the amount of alcohol in a 12 - US - fluid - ounce ( 350 ml ) glass of beer, a 5 - US - fluid - ounce ( 150 ml ) glass of wine, or a 1.5 - US - fluid - ounce ( 44 ml ) glass of a 40 % ABV ( 80 US proof ) spirit. Laws Main article : Alcohol laws Alcohol laws regulate the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution, sale, consumption, blood alcohol content of motor vehicle drivers, open containers, and transportation of alcoholic drinks. Such laws generally seek to reduce the adverse health and social impacts of alcohol consumption. In particular, alcohol laws set the legal drinking age, which usually varies between 16 and 25 years, sometimes depending upon the type of drink ( e.g., beer vs. hard liquor ). Some countries do not have a legal drinking or purchasing age, but most countries set the minimum age at 18 years. Such laws may take the form of permitting distribution only to licensed stores, monopoly stores, or pubs and they are often combined with taxation, which serves to reduce the demand for alcohol ( by raising its price ) and it is a form of revenue for governments. These laws also often limit the hours or days ( e.g., `` blue laws '' ) on which alcohol may be sold or served, as can also be seen in the `` last call '' ritual in US and Canadian bars, where bartenders and servers ask patrons to place their last orders for alcohol, due to serving hour cutoff laws. In some countries, alcohol can not be sold to a person who is already intoxicated. Alcohol laws in many countries prohibit drunk driving. In some jurisdictions, alcoholic drinks are totally prohibited for reasons of religion ( e.g., Islamic countries with sharia law ) or for reasons of local option, public health, and morals ( e.g., Prohibition in the United States from 1920 to 1933 ). In jurisdictions which enforce sharia law, the consumption of alcoholic drinks is an illegal offense, although such laws may exempt non-Muslims. History Members of a German Student Corps ( Duchy of Brunswick ) shown drinking in a picture from 1837. Main articles : History of alcoholic drinks and Drinking culture 10,000 -- 5,000 BC : Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggests that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period. 7000 -- 5600 BC : Examination and analysis of ancient pottery jars from the neolithic village of Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed residue left behind by the alcoholic drinks they had once contained. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grape and hawthorn fruit wine, honey mead and rice beer was being produced in 7000 -- 5600 BC ( McGovern et al., 2005 ; McGovern 2009 ). The results of this analysis were published in December 2004. 9th century AD : The medieval Arabs used the distillation process extensively, and applied it to the distillation of alcohol. The Arab chemist Al - Kindi unambiguously described the distillation of wine in the 9th century. 12th century : The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, where distilled alcoholic drinks were recorded in the mid-12th century. In China, archaeological evidence indicates that the true distillation of alcohol began during the 12th century Jin or Southern Song dynasties. A still has been found at an archaeological site in Qinglong, Hebei, dating to the 12th century. 14th century : In India, the true distillation of alcohol was introduced from the Middle East, and was in wide use in the Delhi Sultanate by the 14th century. By the early 14th century, distilled alcoholic drinks had spread throughout the European continent. 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The earliest possible period seems to be the Eastern Han dynasty... the most likely period for the beginning of true distillation of spirits for drinking in China is during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alcoholic beverages. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alcoholic beverages. 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APB Benzofury AMT MDA MDMA Ecstasy Hallucinogens Psychedelics Bufotenin Psychoactive toads Vilca Yopo DMT Ayahuasca LSA LSD - 25 Mescaline Peruvian torch Peyote San Pedro Psilocybin / Psilocin Psilocybin mushrooms Dissociatives DXM Glaucine Inhalants Nitrous oxide alkyl nitrites poppers amyl nitrite Ketamine MXE Muscimol Amanita muscaria PCP Salvinorin A Salvia divinorum Deliriants Atropine and Scopolamine Atropa belladonna Datura Hyoscyamus niger Mandragora officinarum Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Cannabinoids JWH - 018 THC Cannabis Hashish Hash oil Marijuana Oneirogens Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis Club drugs Cocaine Quaaludes MDMA ( Ecstasy ) Nitrous oxide Poppers Drug culture Cannabis culture 420 Cannabis cultivation Cannabis smoking Head shop Legal history of cannabis in the United States Legality of cannabis Marijuana Policy Project Medical cannabis NORML Cannabis and religion Stoner film Coffee culture Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Tea house Drinking culture Bartending Beer culture Beer festival Binge drinking Diethyl ether Drinking games Drinking song Happy hour Hip flask Nightclub Pub Pub crawl Sommelier Sports bar Tailgate party Wine bar Wine tasting Psychedelia Psychonautics Art Drug Era Experience Literature Music Microdosing Therapy Smoking culture Cigarette card Fashion cigarettes Cloud - chasing Loosie Smokeasy Smoking fetishism Tobacco smoking Other Club drug Counterculture of the 1960s Dance party Drug paraphernalia Drug tourism Entheogen Hippie Nootropic Party and play Poly drug use Rave Religion and drugs Self - medication Sex and drugs Whoonga Drug production and trade Drug production Coca production in Colombia Drug precursors Opium production in Afghanistan Rolling meth lab Drug trade Illegal drug trade Colombia Darknet market Drug distribution Beer shop Cannabis shop Liquor store Liquor license Issues with drug use Abuse Date rape drug Impaired driving Drug harmfulness Effects of cannabis Addiction Dependence Prevention Opioid replacement therapy Rehabilitation Responsible use Drug - related crime Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Long - term effects of cannabis Neurotoxicity Overdose Passive smoking of tobacco or other substances Legality of drug use International 1961 Narcotic Drugs 1971 Psychotropic Substances 1988 Drug Trafficking Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs State level Drug policy Decriminalization Prohibition Supply reduction Policy reform Demand reduction Drug Policy Alliance Harm reduction Law Enforcement Action Partnership Liberalization Latin America Students for Sensible Drug Policy Transform Drug Policy Foundation Drug policy by country Australia Canada Germany India Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland United States Just Say No Office of National Drug Control Policy School district drug policies California Colorado Maryland Virginia Other Arguments for and against drug prohibition Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on Drugs Mexican Drug War Plan Colombia Philippine Drug War Zero tolerance Lists of countries by... Alcohol legality Alcohol consumption Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Annual use Lifetime use Cigarette consumption Cocaine legality Cocaine use Methamphetamine legality Opiates use Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality Other therapeutic products ( V03AG -- V03AZ ) Treatment of hypercalcemia Sodium cellulose phosphate Treatment of hypoglycaemia Diazoxide Medical gases Oxygen Carbon dioxide Helium Nitrogen Nerve depressants Ethanol Patophysiology of ethanol Antidotes ( V03AB ) Nervous system Nerve agent / Organophosphate poisoning Atropine Biperiden Diazepam Oximes Obidoxime Pralidoxime see also : Cholinesterase Barbiturate overdose Bemegride Ethamivan Benzodiazepine overdose Cyprodenate Flumazenil GHB overdose Physostigmine SCH - 50911 Opioid overdose Diprenorphine Doxapram Nalmefene Nalorphine Naloxone Naltrexone Reversal of neuromuscular blockade Sugammadex Circulatory system Beta blocker Glucagon Digoxin toxicity Digoxin Immune Fab Heparin Protamine Other Arsenic poisoning Dimercaprol Succimer Cyanide poisoning 4 - Dimethylaminophenol Hydroxocobalamin nitrite Amyl nitrite Sodium nitrite Sodium thiosulfate Hydrofluoric acid Calcium gluconate Methanol / Ethylene glycol poisoning Primary alcohols : Ethanol Fomepizole Paracetamol toxicity ( Acetaminophen ) Acetylcysteine Glutathione Methionine Toxic metals ( cadmium lead mercury thallium ) Dimercaprol Edetates Prussian blue Other iodine - 131 Potassium iodide Methylthioninium chloride oxidizing agent Potassium permanganate Prednisolone / promethazine Emetic Copper sulfate Ipecacuanha Syrup of ipecac WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Anxiolytics ( N05B ) 5 - HT R agonists Buspirone Gepirone Tandospirone GABA R PAMs Benzodiazepines : Adinazolam Alprazolam Bromazepam Camazepam Chlordiazepoxide Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Diazepam Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam Fludiazepam Halazepam Ketazolam Lorazepam Medazepam Nordazepam Oxazepam Pinazepam Prazepam ; Others : Alpidem Barbiturates ( e.g., phenobarbital ) Carbamates ( e.g., meprobamate ) Chlormezanone Ethanol ( alcohol ) Etifoxine Imepitoin ; Herbs : Kava Skullcap Valerian Gabapentinoids ( α δ VDCC blockers ) Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Phenibut Pregabalin Antidepressants SSRIs ( e.g., escitalopram ) SNRIs ( e.g., duloxetine ) SARIs ( e.g., trazodone ) TCAs ( e.g., clomipramine ) TeCAs ( e.g., mirtazapine ) MAOIs ( e.g., phenelzine ) ; Others : Agomelatine Bupropion Tianeptine Vilazodone Vortioxetine Sympatholytics ( Antiadrenergics ) Alpha - 1 blockers ( e.g., prazosin ) Alpha - 2 agonists ( e.g., clonidine, dexmedetomidine, guanfacine ) Beta blockers ( e.g., propranolol ) Others Benzoctamine Cannabidiol Cycloserine Fabomotizole Hydroxyzine Kanna Lavender Lorpiprazole Mebicar Mepiprazole Nicotine Opipramol Oxaflozane Phenaglycodol Phenibut Picamilon Selank Tiagabine Tofisopam Validolum WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Hypnotics / sedatives ( N05C ) GABA Alcohols 2M2B Chloralodol Ethanol ( alcohol ) Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Trichloroethanol Barbiturates Allobarbital Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbital Butabarbital Butobarbital Cyclobarbital Ethallobarbital Heptabarb Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Propylbarbital Proxibarbal Reposal Secobarbital Talbutal Thiamylal Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Vinbarbital Vinylbital Benzodiazepines Brotizolam Cinolazepam Climazolam Doxefazepam Estazolam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutoprazepam Lorazepam Loprazolam Lormetazepam Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Phenazepam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam Carbamates Carisoprodol Emylcamate Ethinamate Hexapropymate Meprobamate Methocarbamol Phenprobamate Procymate Tybamate Imidazoles Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate Monoureides Acecarbromal Apronal ( apronalide ) Bromisoval Capuride Carbromal Ectylurea Neuroactive steroids Acebrochol Allopregnanolone Alphadolone Alphaxolone Eltanolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Progesterone Nonbenzodiazepines Eszopiclone Indiplon Lirequinil Necopidem Pazinaclone Saripidem Suproclone Suriclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone Phenols Propofol Piperidinediones Glutethimide Methyprylon Pyrithyldione Piperidione Quinazolinones Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone Others Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Bromide compounds Lithium bromide Potassium bromide Sodium bromide Centalun Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloralose Clomethiazole Dichloralphenazone Gaboxadol Kavalactones Loreclezole Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sulfonylalkanes Sulfonmethane ( sulfonal ) Tetronal Trional Triclofos Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic acid GABA 1, 4 - Butanediol 4 - Fluorophenibut Aceburic acid Baclofen GABOB GHB ( sodium oxybate ) GBL GVL Phenibut Tolibut Antihistamines Captodiame Cyproheptadine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Methapyrilene Perlapine Pheniramine Promethazine Propiomazine Antidepressants Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc. Antipsychotics Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc. α - Adrenergic Clonidine Detomidine Dexmedetomidine Lofexidine Medetomidine Romifidine Tizanidine Xylazine 5 - HT Antidepressants Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc. Antipsychotics Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc. Others Niaprazine Melatonin Agomelatine Melatonin Ramelteon Tasimelteon Orexin Almorexant Filorexant Suvorexant α δ VDCC Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Mirogabalin Phenibut Pregabalin Others Cannabidiol Cannabis Chlorophenylalkyldiols Fenpentadiol Metaglycodol Phenaglycodol Diethylpropanediol Evoxine Fenadiazole Guaifenesin - related muscle relaxants Chlorphenesin Mephenesin Mephenoxalone Metaxalone Methocarbamol Opioids ( e.g., morphine ) Passion flower Scopolamine Trazodone UMB68 Valnoctamide Physical dependants μ - opioids All μ - opioids with any ( even slight ) agonist effect, such as ( partial list ) morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine, methadone, and fentanil, but not agonists specific to non-μ opioid receptors, such as salvinorin A ( a k - opioid agonist ), nor opioid antagonists or inverse agonists, such as naltrexone ( a universal opioid inverse agonist ) GABAergics All GABA agonists and positive allosteric modulators of both the GABA - A ionotropic receptor and GABA - B metabotropic receptor subunits, of which the following drugs are examples ( partial list ) : Alcohols barbiturates benzodiazepines nonbenzodiazepines ( z - drugs ) GHB carbamates baclofen chloral hydrate glutethimide clomethiazole methaqualone Other drug groups antiepileptic blood pressure medications androgenic - anabolic steroids glucocorticoids Other drugs Cocaine gabapentin Nicotine Neurotoxins Animal Batrachotoxin Bestoxin Birtoxin Bungarotoxin Charybdotoxin Conotoxin Huwentoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vanillotoxin Bacterial Botulinum toxin Tetanospasmin Plant Bicuculline Penitrem A Picrotoxin Pesticides Fenpropathrin Rotenone Nerve agents Cyclosarin EA - 3148 Novichok agent Sarin Soman Tabun VE VG VM VR VX Pharmacology of ethanol Acetylcholine receptor modulators Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators mAChRs Agonists 77 - LH - 28 - 1 AC - 42 AC - 260,584 Aceclidine Acetylcholine AF30 AF150 ( S ) AF267B Alvameline AQRA - 741 Arecoline Bethanechol Bevonium Butyrylcholine Carbachol CDD - 0034 CDD - 0078 CDD - 0097 CDD - 0098 CDD - 0102 Cevimeline Choline cis - Dioxolane Clozapine Desmethylclozapine ( norclozapine ) Ethoxysebacylcholine Itameline LY - 593,039 L - 689,660 LY - 2,033,298 McNA343 Methacholine Milameline Muscarine NGX - 267 Ocvimeline Oxotremorine PD - 151,832 Pilocarpine RS86 Sabcomeline SDZ 210 - 086 Sebacylcholine Suberyldicholine Talsaclidine Tazomeline Thiopilocarpine Vedaclidine VU - 0029767 VU - 0090157 VU - 0152099 VU - 0152100 VU - 0238429 WAY - 132,983 Xanomeline YM - 796 Antagonists 3 - Quinuclidinyl benzilate 4 - DAMP Aclidinium bromide ( + formoterol ) Abediterol AF - DX 250 AF - DX 384 Ambutonium bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Antihistamines ( first - generation ) ( e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine ( chlorpheniramine ), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mepyramine ( pyrilamine ), mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine ) AQ - RA 741 Atropine Atropine methonitrate Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine ( + fluoxetine ), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine ) Benactyzine Benzatropine ( benztropine ) Benzilone Benzilylcholine mustard Benzydamine BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine Camylofin CAR - 226,086 CAR - 301,060 CAR - 302,196 CAR - 302,282 CAR - 302,368 CAR - 302,537 CAR - 302,668 Caramiphen Cimetropium bromide Clidinium bromide Cloperastine CS - 27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU - 5884 Desfesoterodine Dexetimide DIBD Dicycloverine ( dicyclomine ) Dihexyverine Difemerine Diphemanil metilsulfate Ditran EA - 3167 EA - 3443 EA - 3580 EA - 3834 Emepronium bromide Etanautine Etybenzatropine ( ethybenztropine ) Fenpiverinium Fentonium Fesoterodine Flavoxate Glycopyrronium bromide ( + beclometasone / formoterol, + indacaterol ) Hexahydrodifenidol Hexahydrosiladifenidol Hexbutinol Hexocyclium Himbacine HL - 031,120 Homatropine Imidafenacin Ipratropium bromide ( + salbutamol ) Isopropamide J - 104,129 Hyoscyamine Mamba toxin 3 Mamba toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Meladrazine Mepenzolate Methantheline Methoctramine Methylatropine Methylhomatropine Methylscopolamine Metixene Muscarinic toxin 7 N - Ethyl - 3 - piperidyl benzilate N - Methyl - 3 - piperidyl benzilate Nefopam Octatropine methylbromide ( anisotropine methylbromide ) Orphenadrine Otenzepad ( AF - DX 116 ) Otilonium bromide Oxapium iodide Oxitropium bromide Oxybutynin Oxyphencyclimine Oxyphenonium bromide PBID PD - 102,807 PD - 0298029 Penthienate Pethidine pFHHSiD Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pipenzolate bromide Piperidolate Pirenzepine Piroheptine Pizotifen Poldine Pridinol Prifinium bromide Procyclidine Profenamine ( ethopropazine ) Propantheline bromide Propiverine Quinidine Revefenacin Rociverine RU - 47,213 SCH - 57,790 SCH - 72,788 SCH - 217,443 Scopolamine ( hyoscine ) Scopolamine butylbromide ( hyoscine butylbromide ) Silahexacyclium Sofpironium bromide Solifenacin SSRIs ( e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine ) Telenzepine Terodiline Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tiemonium iodide Timepidium bromide Tiotropium bromide Tiquizium bromide Tofenacin Tolterodine Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline ( + perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin ( dothiepin ), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden ( desmethyldosulepin ), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine ) Tridihexethyl Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Tripitamine ( tripitramine ) Tropacine Tropatepine Tropicamide Trospium chloride Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine ( cyamepromazine ), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine ) Umeclidinium bromide ( + vilanterol ) WIN - 2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin Precursors ( and prodrugs ) Acetyl - coA Adafenoxate Choline ( lecithin ) Citicoline Cyprodenate Dimethylethanolamine Glycerophosphocholine Meclofenoxate ( centrophenoxine ) Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphorylcholine Pirisudanol See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Acetylcholine metabolism / transport modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators nAChRs Agonists 5 - HIAA A-84,543 A-366,833 A-582,941 A-867,744 ABT - 202 ABT - 418 ABT - 560 ABT - 894 Acetylcholine Altinicline Anabasine Anatoxin - a AR - R17779 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate Butinoline Butyrylcholine Carbachol Choline Cotinine Cytisine Decamethonium Desformylflustrabromine Dianicline Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Epibatidine Epiboxidine Ethanol ( alcohol ) Ethoxysebacylcholine EVP - 4473 EVP - 6124 Galantamine GTS - 21 Ispronicline Ivermectin Levamisole Lobeline MEM - 63,908 ( RG - 3487 ) Morantel Nicotine ( tobacco ) NS - 1738 PHA - 543,613 PHA - 709,829 PNU - 120,596 PNU - 282,987 Pozanicline Pyrantel Rivanicline RJR - 2429 Sazetidine A SB - 206553 Sebacylcholine SIB - 1508Y SIB - 1553A SSR - 180,711 Suberyldicholine Suxamethonium ( succinylcholine ) Suxethonium ( succinyldicholine ) TC - 1698 TC - 1734 TC - 1827 TC - 2216 TC - 5214 TC - 5619 TC - 6683 Tebanicline Tribendimidine Tropisetron UB - 165 Varenicline WAY - 317,538 XY - 4083 Antagonists 18 - MAC 18 - MC α - Neurotoxins ( e.g., α - bungarotoxin, α - cobratoxin, α - conotoxin, many others ) ABT - 126 Alcuronium Allopregnanolone Amantadine Anatruxonium AQW051 Atracurium Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) BNC - 210 Bungarotoxins ( e.g., α - bungarotoxin, κ - bungarotoxin ) Bupropion BW - A444 Candocuronium iodide ( chandonium iodide ) Chlorisondamine Cisatracurium Coclaurine Coronaridine Curare Cyclopropane Dacuronium bromide Decamethonium Dehydronorketamine Desflurane Dextromethorphan Dextropropoxyphene Dextrorphan Diadonium DHβE Dihydrochandonium Dimethyltubocurarine ( metocurine ) Dioscorine Dipyrandium Dizocilpine ( MK - 801 ) Doxacurium Encenicline Enflurane Erythravine Esketamine Fazadinium Gallamine Gantacurium chloride Halothane Hexafluronium Hexamethonium ( benzohexonium ) Hydroxybupropion Hydroxynorketamine Ibogaine Isoflurane Ketamine Kynurenic acid Laudanosine Laudexium ( laudolissin ) Levacetylmethadol Levomethadone Malouetine ME - 18 - MC Mecamylamine Memantine Methadone Methorphan ( racemethorphan ) Methyllycaconitine Metocurine Mivacurium Morphanol ( racemorphan ) Neramexane Nitrous oxide Norketamine Pancuronium bromide Pempidine Pentamine Pentolinium Phencyclidine Pipecuronium bromide Progesterone Promegestone Radafaxine Rapacuronium bromide Reboxetine Rocuronium bromide Sevoflurane Stercuronium iodide Surugatoxin Thiocolchicoside Toxiferine Tramadol Trimetaphan camsilate ( trimethaphan camsylate ) Tropeinium Tubocurarine Vanoxerine Vecuronium bromide Xenon Precursors ( and prodrugs ) Acetyl - coA Adafenoxate Choline ( lecithin ) Citicoline Cyprodenate Dimethylethanolamine Glycerophosphocholine Meclofenoxate ( centrophenoxine ) Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphorylcholine Pirisudanol See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Acetylcholine metabolism / transport modulators GABA receptor positive modulators Alcohols Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol ( cloretone ) Ethanol ( alcohol ) ( alcoholic drink ) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert - Butanol ( 2M2P ) tert - Pentanol ( 2M2B ) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol Barbiturates ( - ) - DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital / Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital Benzodiazepines 2 - Oxoquazepam 3 - Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Cloniprazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam CP - 1414S Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam EVT - 201 FG - 8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazolam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N - Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH - II - 66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48 - 6791 Ro48 - 8684 SH - 053 - R - CH3 - 2 ′ F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam ( Ro5 - 2904 ) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam Carbamates Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate Flavonoids 6 - Methylapigenin Ampelopsin ( dihydromyricetin ) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc - OMe Skullcap constituents ( e.g., baicalin ) Wogonin Imidazoles Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate Kava constituents 10 - Methoxyyangonin 11 - Methoxyyangonin 11 - Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11 - Methoxy - 12 - hydroxydehydrokavain 7, 8 - Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5 - Hydroxykavain 5, 6 - Dihydroyangonin 7, 8 - Dihydrokavain 5, 6, 7, 8 - Tetrahydroyangonin 5, 6 - Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7, 8 - Dihydromethysticin Yangonin Monoureides Acecarbromal Apronal ( apronalide ) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea Neuroactive steroids Acebrochol Allopregnanolone ( brexanolone ) Alfadolone Alfaxalone 3α - Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Certain anabolic - androgenic steroids Cholesterol DHDOC 3α - DHP 5α - DHP 5β - DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone ORG - 20599 ORG - 21465 P1 - 185 Pregnanolone ( eltanolone ) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE - 105 SAGE - 217 SAGE - 324 SAGE - 516 SAGE - 689 SAGE - 872 Testosterone THDOC Nonbenzodiazepines β - Carbolines : Abecarnil Gedocarnil Harmane SL - 651,498 ZK - 93423 Cyclopyrrolones : Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone Imidazopyridines : Alpidem DS - 1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem Pyrazolopyrimidines : Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon Others : Adipiplon CGS - 8216 CGS - 9896 CGS - 13767 CGS - 20625 CL - 218,872 CP - 615,003 CTP - 354 ELB - 139 GBLD - 345 Imepitoin JM - 1232 L - 838,417 Lirequinil ( Ro41 - 3696 ) NS - 2664 NS - 2710 NS - 11394 Pipequaline ROD - 188 RWJ - 51204 SB - 205,384 SX - 3228 TGSC01AA TP - 003 TPA - 023 TP - 13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y - 23684 Phenols Fospropofol Propofol Thymol Piperidinediones Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione Pyrazolopyridines Cartazolate Etazolate ICI - 190,622 Tracazolate Quinazolinones Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL - 164 Volatiles / gases Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane ( methyl chloroform ) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether Others / unsorted 3 - Hydroxybutanal α - EMTBL AA - 29504 Avermectins ( e.g., ivermectin ) Bromide compounds ( e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide ) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole DEABL Dihydroergolines ( e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid ( dihydroergotoxine ) ) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates ( e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid ) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans ( e.g., 4 - O - methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol ) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate ( validolum ) Monastrol Niacin Nicotinamide ( niacinamide ) Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine ( ezogabine ) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes ( e.g., sulfonmethane ( sulfonal ), tetronal, trional ) Terpenoids ( e.g., borneol ) Topiramate Valerian constituents ( e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol ) Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators : α - Pinene MRK - 409 ( MK - 0343 ) TCS - 1105 TCS - 1205 See also : Receptor / signaling modulators GABA receptor modulators GABA metabolism / transport modulators Glycine receptor modulators Receptor ( ligands ) GlyR Agonists : β - Alanine β - ABA ( BABA ) β - AIBA Caesium D - Alanine D - Serine GABA Glycine Hypotaurine Ivermectin L - Alanine L - Proline L - Serine L - Threonine MDL - 27531 Milacemide Picolinic acid Propofol Quisqualamine Sarcosine Taurine Positive modulators : Alcohols ( e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol ( chloretone ), ethanol ( alcohol ), tert - butanol ( 2M2P ), tribromoethanol, trichloroethanol, trifluoroethanol ) Alkylbenzene sulfonate Anandamide Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) Chlormethiazole D12 - 116 Dihydropyridines ( e.g., nicardipine ) Etomidate Ginseng constituents ( e.g., ginsenosides ( e.g., ginsenoside - Rf ) ) Glutamic acid ( glutamate ) Ivermectin Ketamine Neuroactive steroids ( e.g., alfaxolone, pregnenolone ( eltanolone ), pregnenolone acetate, minaxolone, ORG - 20599 ) Nitrous oxide Penicillin G Propofol Tamoxifen Tetrahydrocannabinol Triclofos Tropeines ( e.g., atropine, bemesetron, cocaine, LY - 278584, tropisetron, zatosetron ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, desflurane, diethyl ether ( ether ), enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, sevoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane ( methyl chloroform ), trichloroethylene ) Xenon Zinc Antagonists : 2 - Aminostrychnine 2 - Nitrostrychnine 4 - Phenyl - 4 - formyl - N - methylpiperidine αEMBTL Bicuculline Brucine Cacotheline Caffeine Colchicine Colubrine Cyanotriphenylborate Dendrobine Diaboline Endocannabinoids ( e.g., 2 - AG, anandamide ( AEA ) ) Gaboxadol ( THIP ) Gelsemine iso - THAZ Isobutyric acid Isonipecotic acid Isostrychnine Laudanosine N - Methylbicuculline N - Methylstrychnine N, N - Dimethylmuscimol Nipecotic acid Pitrazepin Pseudostrychnine Quinolines ( e.g., 4 - hydroxyquinoline, 4 - hydroxyquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid, 5, 7 - CIQA, 7 - CIQ, 7 - TFQ, 7 - TFQA ) RU - 5135 Sinomenine Strychnine Thiocolchicoside Tutin Negative modulators : Amiloride Benzodiazepines ( e.g., bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam ) Corymine Cyanotriphenylborate Daidzein Dihydropyridines ( e.g., nicardipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine ) Furosemide Genistein Ginkgo constituents ( e.g., bilobalide, ginkgolides ( e.g., ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, ginkgolide M ) ) Imipramine NBQX Neuroactive steroids ( e.g., 3α - androsterone sulfate, 3β - androsterone sulfate, deoxycorticosterone, DHEA sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, progesterone ) Opioids ( e.g., codeine, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, levomethadone, levorphanol, morphine, oripavine, pethidine, thebaine ) Picrotoxin ( i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin ) PMBA Riluzole Tropeines ( e.g., bemesetron, LY - 278584, tropisetron, zatosetron ) Verapamil Zinc NMDAR See here instead. Transporter ( blockers ) GlyT1 ACPPB ALX - 1393 ALX - 5407 ( NFPS ) AMG - 747 ASP2535 Bitopertin ( RG1678 / RO4917838 ) CP - 802079 Ethanol ( alcohol ) Glycyldodecylamide GSK1018921 LY - 2365109 ORG - 24598 ORG - 25935 ( SCH - 900435 ) PF - 02545920 PF - 03463275 PF - 04958242 Sarcosine SSR - 103,800 SSR - 504,734 GlyT2 Amoxapine Ethanol ( alcohol ) NAGly Opiranserin ( VVZ - 149 ) ORG - 25543 VVZ - 368 See also Receptor / signaling modulators GABA receptor modulators GABA receptor positive modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators AMPAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Fluorowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA BOAA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Proline Quisqualic acid Willardiine ; Positive allosteric modulators : Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX - 516 CX - 546 CX - 614 Farampator ( CX - 691, ORG - 24448 ) CX - 717 CX - 1739 CX - 1942 Diazoxide Hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) IDRA - 21 LY - 392098 LY - 395153 LY - 404187 LY - 451646 LY - 503430 Mibampator ( LY - 451395 ) Nooglutyl ORG - 26576 Oxiracetam PEPA PF - 04958242 Piracetam Pramiracetam S - 18986 Tulrampator ( S - 47445, CX - 1632 ) Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 ATPO Becampanel Caroverine CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX Fanapanel ( MPQX ) GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Kynurenine Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) NBQX PNQX Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate YM90K Zonampanel ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) Cyclopropane Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue GYKI - 52466 GYKI - 53655 Halothane Irampanel Isoflurane Perampanel Pregnenolone sulfate Sevoflurane Talampanel ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : Minocycline KAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Bromowillardiine 5 - Iodowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA ATPA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Kainic acid LY - 339434 Proline Quisqualic acid SYM - 2081 ; Positive allosteric modulators : Cyclothiazide Diazoxide Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LY - 382884 NBQX NS102 Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate UBP - 302 ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue NS - 3763 Pregnenolone sulfate NMDAR Agonists : Main site agonists : AMAA Aspartate Glutamate Homocysteic acid ( L - HCA ) Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Proline Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine Theanine ; Glycine site agonists : β - Fluoro - D - alanine ACBD ACC ( ACPC ) ACPD AK - 51 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) B6B21 CCG D - Alanine D - Cycloserine D - Serine DHPG Dimethylglycine Glycine HA - 966 L - 687414 L - Alanine L - Serine Milacemide Neboglamine ( nebostinel ) Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) Sarcosine ; Polyamine site agonists : Neomycin Spermidine Spermine ; Other positive allosteric modulators : 24S - Hydroxycholesterol DHEA ( prasterone ) DHEA sulfate ( prasterone sulfate ) Epipregnanolone sulfate Pregnenolone sulfate SAGE - 718 Antagonists : Competitive antagonists : AP5 ( APV ) AP7 CGP - 37849 CGP - 39551 CGP - 39653 CGP - 40116 CGS - 19755 CPP Kaitocephalin LY - 233053 LY - 235959 LY - 274614 MDL - 100453 Midafotel ( d - CPPene ) NPC - 12626 NPC - 17742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ - 220581 Selfotel ; Glycine site antagonists : 4 - Cl - KYN ( AV - 101 ) 5, 7 - DCKA 7 - CKA ACC ACEA - 1011 ACEA - 1328 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) AV - 101 Carisoprodol CGP - 39653 CNQX D - Cycloserine DNQX Felbamate Gavestinel GV - 196771 Harkoseride Kynurenic acid Kynurenine L - 689560 L - 701324 Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LU - 73068 MDL - 105519 Meprobamate MRZ 2 / 576 PNQX Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) ZD - 9379 ; Polyamine site antagonists : Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine ; Uncompetitive pore blockers ( mostly dizocilpine site ) : 2 - MDP 3 - HO - PCP 3 - MeO - PCE 3 - MeO - PCMo 3 - MeO - PCP 4 - MeO - PCP 8A - PDHQ 18 - MC α - Endopsychosin Alaproclate Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine Aptiganel Argiotoxin - 636 Arketamine ARL - 12495 ARL - 15896 - AR ARL - 16247 Budipine Coronaridine Delucemine ( NPS - 1506 ) Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dextromethadone Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Dieticyclidine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Ephenidine Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Fluorolintane Gacyclidine Ibogaine Ibogamine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Lanicemine Levomethadone Levomethorphan Levomilnacipran Levorphanol Loperamide Memantine Methadone Methorphan Methoxetamine Methoxphenidine Milnacipran Morphanol NEFA Neramexane Nitromemantine Noribogaine Norketamine Orphenadrine PCPr PD - 137889 Pethidine ( meperidine ) Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tabernanthine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol ; Ifenprodil ( NR2B ) site antagonists : Besonprodil Buphenine ( nylidrin ) CO-101244 ( PD - 174494 ) Eliprodil Haloperidol Isoxsuprine Radiprodil ( RGH - 896 ) Rislenemdaz ( CERC - 301, MK - 0657 ) Ro 8 - 4304 Ro 25 - 6981 Safaprodil Traxoprodil ( CP - 101606 ) ; NR2A - selective antagonists : MPX - 004 MPX - 007 TCN - 201 TCN - 213 ; Cations : Hydrogen Magnesium Zinc ; Alcohols / volatile anesthetics / related : Benzene Butane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : ARR - 15896 Bumetanide Caroverine D - αAA Dexanabinol Flufenamic acid Flupirtine FPL - 12495 FR - 115427 Furosemide Hodgkinsine Ipenoxazone ( MLV - 6976 ) MDL - 27266 Metaphit Minocycline MPEP Niflumic acid Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate Piretanide Psychotridine Transcrocetin ( saffron ) See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism / transport modulators Serotonin receptor modulators 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione, vilazodone, vortioxetine ) Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, lurasidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone ) Azapirones ( e.g., buspirone, eptapirone, gepirone, perospirone, tandospirone ) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY - 14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) F - 11461 F - 12826 F - 13714 F - 14679 F - 15063 F - 15599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Lesopitron LY - 293284 LY - 301317 mCPP MKC - 242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU - 24969 S - 14506 S - 14671 S - 15535 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SSR - 181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, DMT, indorenate, N - Me - 5 - HT, psilocin, psilocybin ) TGBA01AD U-92016A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., iloperidone, risperidone, sertindole ) AV965 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, cyanopindolol, iodocyanopindolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindobind, pindolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) BMY - 7378 CSP - 2503 Dotarizine Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) Flopropione GR - 46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) MPPF NAN - 190 Robalzotan S - 15535 SB - 649915 SDZ 216 - 525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH - 301 WAY - 100135 WAY - 100635 Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : CGS - 12066A CP - 93129 CP - 94253 CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) mCPP RU - 24969 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) TFMPP Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, DMT ) Vortioxetine Antagonists : AR - A000002 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Isamoltane LY - 393558 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) SB - 216641 SB - 224289 SB - 236057 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lisuride ) 5 - HT Agonists : CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 CP - 286601 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LSD, methysergide ) GR - 46611 L - 694247 L - 772405 mCPP PNU - 109291 PNU - 142633 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TGBA01AD Triptans ( e.g., almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - Et - DMT, 5 - MT, 5 - ( nonyloxy ) tryptamine, DMT ) Antagonists : Alniditan BRL - 15572 Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Ketanserin LY - 310762 LY - 367642 LY - 393558 LY - 456219 LY - 456220 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, lysergol, pergolide ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 Ergolines ( e.g., methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., tryptamine ) Antagonists : Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 CP - 122,288 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) methysergide ) Lasmiditan LY - 334370 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - MT ) Antagonists : Mianserin Metitepine ( methiothepin ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 25H / NB series ( e.g., 25I - NBF, 25I - NBMD, 25I - NBOH, 25I - NBOMe, 25B - NBOMe, 25C - NBOMe, 25TFM - NBOMe, 2CBCB - NBOMe, 25CN - NBOH, 2CBFly - NBOMe ) 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 2C - B - FLY 2CB - Ind 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) AL - 34662 AL - 37350A Bromo - DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., 1P - LSD, ALD - 52, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ergine ( LSA ), ergometrine ( ergonovine ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), pergolide ) Flumexadol Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) O - 4310 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 RH - 34 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, quipazine, TFMPP ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TCB - 2 TFMFly Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Antagonists : 5 - I - R91150 5 - MeO - NBpBrT AC - 90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines ( e.g., cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, perlapine ) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amperozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, brexpiprazole, carpipramine, clocapramine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, gevotroline, iloperidone, lurasidone, melperone, mosapramine, ocaperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, zicronapine, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Cinanserin CSP - 2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML - 010 Landipirdine LY - 393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 101 MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin ( VVZ - 149 ) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin S - 14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, triazoledione, trazodone ) SR - 46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, prochlorperazine, setoperone, spiperone, spiramide, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine ) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergotamine, nicergoline ) 5 - HT Agonists : 4 - Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines ( e.g., chlorphentermine, cloforex, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, levofenfluramine, norfenfluramine ) BW - 723C86 DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, ( MMDA ( drug ) Antagonists : Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, N - desalkylquetiapine ( norquetiapine ), N - desmethylclozapine ( norclozapine ), olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone ) Cyproheptadine EGIS - 7625 Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, lisuride, LY - 53857, LY - 272015, mesulergine ) Ketanserin LY - 393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX - 08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS - 127445 Sarpogrelate SB - 200646 SB - 204741 SB - 206553 SB - 215505 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SDZ SER - 082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine ) TIK - 301 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) A-372159 AL - 38022A Alstonine CP - 809101 Dimemebfe DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., ALD - 52, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergine ( LSA ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, pergolide ) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) MK - 212 Org 12962 Org 37684 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., aripiprazole, BZP, mCPP, quipazine, TFMPP ) PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 Ro60 - 0175 Ro60 - 0213 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Vabicaserin WAY - 629 WAY - 161503 YM - 348 Antagonists : Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR - 260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS - 102221 S - 14671 SB - 200646 SB - 206553 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SB - 242084 SB - 243213 SDZ SER - 082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) TIK - 301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine, pimozide, pipamperone, thioridazine ) Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : Alcohols ( e.g., butanol, ethanol ( alcohol ), trichloroethanol ) m - CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, mCPP, quipazine ) RS - 56812 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SR - 57227 SR - 57227A Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - CT, bufotenidine ( 5 - HTQ ) ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., halothane, isoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane ) YM - 31636 Antagonists : Alosetron AS - 8112 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine ) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron ( MDL - 72222 ) Bupropion Cilansetron CSP - 2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Hydroxybupropion ICS - 205930 Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., loxapine ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, xenon ) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron Unknown / unsorted : LY - 53857 Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 5 - MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ - 033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX - 03140 Renzapride RS - 67333 RS - 67506 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tegaserod Velusetrag Zacopride Antagonists : GR - 113808 GR - 125487 L - Lysine Piboserod RS - 39604 RS - 67532 SB - 203186 SB - 204070 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), ergotamine, LSD ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT ) Valerenic Acid Antagonists : Asenapine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 699551 Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline, methysergide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, Bufotenin, E-6801, E-6837, EMD - 386088, EMDT, LY - 586713, N - Me - 5 - HT, tryptamine ) WAY - 181187 WAY - 208466 Antagonists : ABT - 354 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, tiospirone ) AVN - 101 AVN - 211 AVN - 322 AVN - 397 BGC20 - 760 BVT - 5182 BVT - 74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS - 12233 GW - 742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MS - 245 PRX - 07034 Ritanserin Ro 04 - 6790 Ro 63 - 0563 SB - 258585 SB - 271046 SB - 357134 SB - 399885 SB - 742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), bromocriptine, lergotrile, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT AS - 19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines ( e.g., LSD ) LP - 12 LP - 44 RU - 24969 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., frovatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, N - Me - 5 - HT ) Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, tiospirone, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Butaclamol DR - 4485 EGIS - 12233 Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), amesergide, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) JNJ - 18038683 Ketanserin LY - 215840 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 258719 SB - 258741 SB - 269970 SB - 656104 SB - 656104A SB - 691673 SLV - 313 SLV - 314 Spiperone SSR - 181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., acetophenazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, loxapine, pimozide ) Vortioxetine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Adrenergics Dopaminergics Melatonergics Monoamine reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins GND : 4128384 - 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Question: the measured amount of alcohol in a drink is called
Answer: alcohol by volume