Carl Wilhelm Scheele - wikipedia Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Scheele ( 1742 - 12 - 09 ) 9 December 1742 Stralsund, Swedish Pomerania, today Germany 21 May 1786 ( 1786 - 05 - 21 ) ( aged 43 ) Köping, Sweden Nationality German - Swedish Known for Discovered oxygen ( independently ), molybdenum, manganese, barium, chlorine, tungsten and more Scientific career Fields Chemistry Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( German : ( ˈʃeːlə ), Swedish : ( 2ɧeːlɛ ) ; 9 December 1742 -- 21 May 1786 ) was a Swedish Pomeranian and German pharmaceutical chemist. Isaac Asimov called him `` hard - luck Scheele '' because he made a number of chemical discoveries before others who are generally given the credit. For example, Scheele discovered oxygen ( although Joseph Priestley published his findings first ), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen, and chlorine before Humphry Davy, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists. Contents 1 Biography 2 Existing theories before Scheele 3 The theory of phlogiston 4 New elements and compounds 5 Death 6 Published papers 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Biography Scheele was born in Stralsund, in western Pomerania, which at the time was a Swedish Dominion inside the Holy Roman Empire. Scheele 's father Joachim ( or Johann ) Christian Scheele, was a grain dealer and brewer from a respected German family. His mother was Margaretha Eleanore Warnekros. Friends of Scheele 's parents taught him the art of reading prescriptions and the meaning of chemical and pharmaceutical signs. Then, in 1757, at age fourteen Carl was sent to Gothenburg as an apprentice pharmacist with another family friend and apothecary. ( Martin Andreas Bauch ). Scheele retained this position for eight years. During this time he ran experiments late into the night and read the works of Nicolas Lemery, Caspar Neumann, Johann von Löwenstern - Kunckel and Georg Ernst Stahl ( the champion of the phlogiston theory ). Much of Scheele 's later theoretical speculations were based upon Stahl. In 1765 Scheele worked under the progressive and well informed apothecary, C.M. Kjellström in Malmö, and became acquainted with Anders Jahan Retzius who was a lecturer at the University of Lund and later a professor of chemistry at Stockholm. Scheele arrived in Stockholm between 1767 and 1769 and worked as a pharmacist. During this period he discovered tartaric acid and with his friend, Retzius, studied the relation of quicklime to calcium carbonate. While in the capital, he also became acquainted with many luminaries, such as : Abraham Bäck, Peter Jonas Bergius, Bengt Bergius and Carl Friedreich von Schultzenheim. In the fall of 1770 Scheele became director of the laboratory of the great pharmacy of Locke, at Uppsala which is about 40 miles north of Stockholm. The laboratory supplied chemicals to Professor of Chemistry Torbern Bergman. A friendship developed between Scheele and Bergman after Scheele analyzed a reaction which Bergman and his assistant Johan Gottlieb Gahn could not resolve. The reaction was between melted saltpetre and acetic acid which produced a red vapor. Further study of this reaction later led to Scheele 's discovery of oxygen ( see `` The theory of phlogiston '' below ). Based upon this friendship and respect Scheele was given free use of Bergman 's laboratory. Both men were profiting from their working relationship. In 1774 Scheele was nominated by Peter Jonas Bergius to be a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and was elected February 4, 1775. In 1775 Scheele also managed for a short time a pharmacy in Köping. Between the end of 1776 and the beginning of 1777 Scheele established his own business there. On October 29, 1777, Scheele took his seat for the first, and only time, at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences and on November 11 passed the examination as apothecary before the Royal Medical College and did so with highest honours. After his return to Köping he devoted himself, outside of his business, to scientific researches which resulted in a long series of important papers. Existing theories before Scheele By the time he was a teenager, Scheele had learned the dominant theory of gases which in the 1770s was the phlogiston theory. Phlogiston, classified as `` matter of fire '', was supposed to be released from any burning material, and when it was exhausted, combustion would stop. When Scheele discovered oxygen he called it `` fire air '' as it supported combustion. Scheele explained oxygen using phlogistical terms because he did not believe that his discovery disproved the phlogiston theory. Before Scheele made his discovery of oxygen, he studied air. Air was thought to be an element that made up the environment in which chemical reactions took place but did not interfere with the reactions. Scheele 's investigation of air enabled him to conclude that air was a mixture of `` fire air '' and `` foul air ; '' in other words, a mixture of two gases. Scheele performed numerous experiments in which he heated substances such as saltpetre ( potassium nitrate ), manganese dioxide, heavy metal nitrates, silver carbonate and mercuric oxide. In all of these experiments, he isolated the same gas : his `` fire air, '' which he believed combined with phlogiston in materials to be released during heat - releasing reactions. However, his first publication, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer, was delivered to the printer Swederus in 1775, but not published until 1777, at which time both Joseph Priestley and Lavoisier had already published their experimental data and conclusions concerning oxygen and the phlogiston theory. Carl was credited for finding oxygen with two other people, Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier. The first English edition, Chemical Observation and Experiments on Air and Fire was published in 1780, with an introduction `` Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire ''. The theory of phlogiston d. Königl. Schwed. Acad. d. Wissenschaft Mitgliedes, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer ( 1777 ) Scheele achieved astonishingly prolific and important results without the expensive laboratory equipment to which his Parisian contemporary Antoine - Laurent Lavoisier was accustomed. Through the studies of Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, Scheele, and others, chemistry was made a standardized field with consistent procedures. Although Scheele was unable to grasp the significance of his discovery of the substance that Lavoisier later named oxygen, his work was essential for the abandonment of the long - held theory of phlogiston. Scheele 's study of the gas not yet named oxygen was prompted by a complaint by Torbern Olof Bergman, a professor at Upsala University who would eventually become Scheele 's friend. Bergman informed Scheele that the saltpeter he had purchased from Scheele 's employer, after long heating, produced red vapors ( now known to be nitrogen dioxide ) when it came into contact with acetic acid. Scheele 's quick explanation was that the saltpeter had absorbed phlogiston with the heat ( had been reduced to nitrite, in modern terms ) and gave off a new phlogisticated gas as an active principle when combined with an acid ( even a weak acid ). Bergman next suggested that Scheele analyze the properties of manganese ( IV ) oxide. It was through his studies of manganese ( IV ) oxide that Scheele developed his concept of `` fire air '' ( his name for oxygen ). He ultimately obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide, silver carbonate, magnesium nitrate, and other nitrate salts. Scheele wrote about his findings to Lavoisier who was able to see the significance of the results. His discovery of oxygen ( ca. 1771 ) was chronologically earlier than the corresponding work of Priestley and Lavoisier, but he did not publish this discovery until 1777, after both of his rivals had published. Although Scheele would always believe in some form of the phlogiston theory, his work reduced phlogiston to an unusually simple form, complicated only by the fact that chemists of Scheele 's day still believed that light and heat were elements and were to be found in combination with them. Thus, Scheele assumed that hydrogen was composed of phlogiston ( a reducing principle lost when objects were burned ) plus heat. Scheele speculated that his fire air or oxygen ( which he found the active part of air, estimating it to compose one quarter of air ) combined with the phlogiston in objects to produce either light or heat ( light and heat were presumed to be composed of differing proportions of phlogiston and oxygen ). When other chemists later showed water is produced when burning hydrogen and that rusting of metals added weight to them and that passing water over hot iron gave hydrogen, Scheele modified his theory to suggest that oxygen was the salt ( or `` saline principle '' of water ), and that when added to iron, water was reproduced, which added weight to the iron as rust. Pyrolusite or MnO. New elements and compounds In addition to his joint recognition for the discovery of oxygen, Scheele is argued to have been the first to discover other chemical elements such as barium ( 1772 ), manganese ( 1774 ), molybdenum ( 1778 ), and tungsten ( 1781 ), as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid, lactic acid, glycerol, hydrogen cyanide ( also known, in aqueous solution, as prussic acid ), hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen sulfide ( 1777 ). In addition, he discovered a process similar to pasteurization, along with a means of mass - producing phosphorus ( 1769 ), leading Sweden to become one of the world 's leading producers of matches. Chlorine gas. Statue of Scheele in Köping. Scheele made one other very important scientific discovery in 1774, arguably more revolutionary than his isolation of oxygen. He identified lime, silica, and iron in a specimen of pyrolusite ( impure manganese dioxide ) given to him by his friend, Johann Gottlieb Gahn, but could not identify an additional component ( this was the manganese, which Scheele recognized was present as a new element, but could not isolate ). When he treated the pyrolusite with hydrochloric acid over a warm sand bath, a yellow - green gas with a strong odor was produced. He found that the gas sank to the bottom of an open bottle and was denser than ordinary air. He also noted that the gas was not soluble in water. It turned corks a yellow color and removed all color from wet, blue litmus paper and some flowers. He called this gas with bleaching abilities, `` dephlogisticated muriatic acid '' ( dephlogisticated hydrochloric acid, or oxidized hydrochloric acid ). Eventually, Sir Humphry Davy named the gas chlorine. Chlorine 's bleaching properties were eventually turned into an industry by Berzelius, and became the foundation of a second industry of disinfection and deodorization of putrefied tissue and wounds ( including wounds in living humans ) in the hands of Labarraque, by 1824. Death In the fall of 1785, Scheele began to suffer from symptoms described as kidney disease. In early 1786, he also contracted a disease of the skin, which, combined with kidney problems, so enfeebled him that he could foresee an early death. With this in mind, he married the widow of his predecessor, Pohl, two days before he died, so that he could pass undisputed title to his pharmacy and his possessions to her. While Scheele 's experiments generated substances which have long since been found to be hazardous, the compounds and elements he used to start his experiments were dangerous to begin with, especially heavy metals. Like most of his contemporaries, in an age where there were few methods of chemical characterisation, Scheele would smell and taste any new substances he discovered. Cumulative exposure to arsenic, mercury, lead, their compounds, and perhaps hydrofluoric acid which he had discovered, and other substances took their toll on Scheele, who died at the early age of 43, on 21 May 1786, at his home in Köping. Doctors said that he died of mercury poisoning. Published papers Mémoires de chymie, 1785, French translation by Mme. Claudine Picardet All of the following papers were published by Scheele within a span of fifteen years. ( 1771 ) Fluospar and its Acid ( 1774 ) `` Braunstein '' or Magnesia ( Manganese ), two papers ( 1775 ) Benzoin Salt ( Benzoic Acid ) Arsenic and its Acid Silica, Alumina, and Alum Urinary Calculi ( 1777 ) Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire ( 1778 ) Wet Process for Preparing Mercurius dulcis ( Calomel ) Simple Process for Preparing Pulvis Algarothi ( oxychloride of antimony ) Molybdenum Preparation of a New Green Color ( 1779 ) On the Quantity of Pure Air daily present in the Atmosphere Decomposition of Neutral Salts by Lime or Iron Plumbago Heavy spar ( 1780 ) Fluospar Milk and its Acid Acid of Milk sugar On the Relationship of Bodies ( 1781 ) Tungsten The Combustible Substance in Crude Lime Preparation of White Lead ( 1782 ) Ether Preservation of Vinegar Coloring Matter in Berlin Blue ( 1783 ) Berlin Blue Peculiar Sweet Principle from Oils and Fats ( Glycerin ) ( 1784 ) Attempt to Crystallize Lemon juice Constituents of Rhubarb - earth ( Calcium Oxalate ) and Preparation of Acetosella Acid ( Oxalic Acid ) The Coloring `` Middle - salt '' of `` Blood lye '' ( Yellow Prussiate of Potassium ) Air - acid ( Carbonic Acid or Carbon dioxide ) ; Benzoic Acid. Lapis infernalis Sweet Principle from Oils and Fats. Air - acid ( 1785 ) Acid of Fruits, especially of Raspberry Phosphate of Iron ; and Pearl - salt Occurrence of Rhubarb - earth ( see 29 ) in various Plants Preparation of Magnesia alba Fulminating Gold. Corn oil ( Fusel oil ). Calomel Air - acid Lead amalgam Vinegar - naphtha Lime. Ammonia or Volatile Alkali Malic Acid and Citric Acid Air, Fire, and Water ( 1786 ) The Essential Salt of Galls ( Gallic Acid ) Nitric Acid Oxide of Lead. Fuming Sulphuric Acid Pyrophorus Peculiarities of Hydrofluoric Acid. Scheele 's papers appeared first in the Transactions of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in various periodicals such as Lorenz Florenz Friedrich von Crell 's Chemische Annalen. Scheele 's work was collected and published in four languages beginning with Mémoires de Chymie by Mme. Claudine Picardet in 1785 and Chemical Essays by Thomas Beddoes in 1786, followed by Latin and German. Another English translation was published by Dr Leonard Dobbin, in 1931. See also Scheelite Scheele 's Green Pharmacist Pharmacy Pneumatic chemistry List of independent discoveries Notes Jump up ^ Richard Myers, The Basics of Chemistry ( 2003 ) ^ Jump up to : Fors, Hjalmar 2008. Stepping through Science 's Door : C.W. Scheele, from Pharmacist 's Apprentice to Man of Science. Ambix 55 : 29 - 49 ^ Jump up to : Castle, Fred'k A. American Druggist Vol. 15, August, 1886 `` Carl Wilhelm Scheele '' Jump up ^ p101, A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400 - 1900, Henry Marshall Leicester, Herbert S. Klickstein - 1969 Jump up ^ J.R. Partington ( 1962 ). A History of Chemistry, vol. 3. Macmillan. pp. 205 -- 36. Jump up ^ J.R. Partington ( 1962 ). A History of Chemistry, vol. 3. Macmillan. pp. 219 -- 20. Jump up ^ Scheele ( 1774 ) `` Om brunsten, eller magnesia, och dess egenskaper '' ( On brown - stone ( i.e., manganese ) or magnesia, and its properties ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ( Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy ( of Sweden ) ), 35 : 89 - 116. From page 102 : `` 4 : to Något af en ny Jord - art, hvilken, så mycket jag vet, ännu är obekant. '' ( 4th Something of a new type of ore ( i.e., mineral ), which, as far as I know, is still unknown. ) From page 112 : `` Den besynnerliga Jord - arten, som visar sig vid alla klara uplösningar af Brunstenen, hvarom något är anfördt i 18. §. '' ( This peculiar type of ore ( i.e., mineral ) appears in all clear solutions of Brown - stone, concerning which something is stated in section 18. ) Jump up ^ Scheele ( 1774 ) `` Om brunsten, eller magnesia, och dess egenskaper '' ( On manganese or magnesia, and its properties ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ( Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy ( of Sweden ) ), 35 : 89 - 116. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( 1778 ) `` Försök med Blyerts, Molybdæna '' ( Experiment with Lead, Molybdæna ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, 39 : 247 - 255. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( 1781 ) `` Tungstens bestånds - delar '' ( Tungsten 's constituent components ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar ( New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences ( of Sweden ) ), 2 : 89 - 95. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( 1784 ) `` Anmärkning om Citron - Saft, samt sätt att crystallisera den samma '' ( Note on lemon juice, as well as ways to crystallize the same ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar ( New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science ), 5 : 105 - 109. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( 1780 ) `` Om Mjölk och dess syra '' ( About milk and its acid ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar ( New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science ), 1 : 116 - 124. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele ( 1783 ) `` Rön beträffande ett särskilt Socker - Ämne uti exprimerade Oljor och Fettmor '' ( Findings concerning a particular sweet substance in expressed oils and fatty substances ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar ( New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science ), 4 : 324 - 329. Jump up ^ See : Carl W. Scheele ( 1782 ) `` Försök, beträffande det färgande ämnet uti Berlinerblå '' ( Experiment concerning the coloring substance in Berlin blue ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ( Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science ( of Sweden ) ), 3 : 264 - 275 ( in Swedish ). Reprinted in Latin as : `` De materia tingente caerulei berolinensis '' in : Carl Wilhelm Scheele with Ernst Benjamin Gottlieb Hebenstreit ( ed. ) and Gottfried Heinrich Schäfer ( trans. ), Opuscula Chemica et Physica ( Leipzig ( `` Lipsiae '' ), ( Germany ) : Johann Godfried Müller, 1789 ), vol. 2, pages 148 - 174. Jump up ^ Scheele ( 1771 ) `` Undersŏkning om fluss - spat och dess syra '' ( Investigation of fluorite and its acid ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ( Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science ( of Sweden ) ), 32 : 129 -- 138. Jump up ^ Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer ( Chemical treatise on air and fire ) ( Upsala, Sweden : Magnus Swederus, 1777 ), § 97 : Die stinckende Schwefel Luft ( The stinking sulfur air ( i.e., gas ) ), pp. 149 - 155. Jump up ^ See : Scheele ( 1774 ) `` Om brunsten, eller magnesia, och dess egenskaper '' ( On manganese or magnesia, and its properties ), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ( Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy ( of Sweden ) ), 35 : 89 - 116. On pages 93 - 94 ( paragraph 6 ), `` Med den vanliga Salt - syran. '' ( ( Reactions of manganese dioxide ) with the standard salt - acid ( i.e., hydrochloric acid ) ), Scheele describes a gas ( chlorine ) that was produced when he reacted manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. Further experiments with chlorine appear in paragraphs 23 - 26, pages 105 - 110. An English translation of the relevant passages about chlorine from Scheele 's article appears in : Henry M. Leicester, A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400 - 1900 ( New York, New York : McGraw - Hill, 1952 ), pages 109 - 110. Jump up ^ Asimov, Isaac ( 1966 ). The Noble Gases. ISBN 978 - 0465051298 Jump up ^ Ferguson, John. `` Karl Wilhelm Scheele ''. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1902. Retrieved 8 December 2017. Jump up ^ Journal of the Chemical Society : obituaries ( L Dobbin ), 1952 References Abbott, David. ( 1983 ). Biographical Dictionary of Scientists : Chemists. New York : Peter Bedrick Books. pp. 126 -- 127. ISBN 0 - 911745 - 81 - 5. Bell, Madison S. ( 2005 ). Lavoisier in the Year One. New York : W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0 - 393 - 05155 - 2. Cardwell, D.S.L. ( 1971 ). From Watt to Clausius : The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age. Heinemann : London. pp. 60 -- 61. ISBN 0 - 435 - 54150 - 1. Dobbin, L. ( trans. ) ( 1931 ). Collected Papers of Carl Wilhelm Scheele. G. Bell & Sons, London. Farber, Eduard ed. ( 1961 ). Great Chemists. New York : Interscience Publishers. pp. 255 -- 261. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Greenberg, Arthur. ( 2000 ). A Chemical History Tour : Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science. Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 135 -- 137. ISBN 0 - 471 - 35408 - 2. Greenberg, Arthur. ( 2003 ). The Art of Chemistry : Myths, Medicines and Materials. Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 161 -- 166. ISBN 0 - 471 - 07180 - 3. Schofield, Robert E ( 2004 ). The Enlightened Joseph Priestley : A Study of His Life and Work from 1773 - 1804. Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0 - 271 - 02459 - 3. Shectman ( 2003 ). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century. Connecticut : Greenwood Press. ISBN 0 - 313 - 32015 - 2. Sootin, Harry ( 1960 ). 12 Pioneers of Science. New York : Vanguard Press. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Wikiquote has quotations related to : Chemical Observations and Experiments on Air and Fire Works by Carl Wilhelm Scheele at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Carl Wilhelm Scheele at Internet Archive Scheele, Chemical Observations and Experiments on Air and Fire ( 1780 translation ) Excerpts from the Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire `` Scheele, Karl Wilhelm ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed. ). 1911. Carl Wilhelm Scheele 's d. Königl. Schwed. Acad. d. Wissenschaft Mitgliedes, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer in German ( source of an above lab equipment image ) `` Scheele, Carl Wilhelm ''. The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907. `` Sketch of Karl Wilhelm Scheele ''. Popular Science Monthly. 31 : 839 -- 843. October 1887. `` The Scheele Monument at Stockholm ''. Popular Science Monthly. 42 : 685 -- 688. March 1893. WorldCat Identities BNF : cb12459873r ( data ) GND : 11860676X ISNI : 0000 0001 2122 4458 LCCN : n82225927 NKC : nlk20000085457 NLA : 35776611 SELIBR : 211053 SNAC : w6s47k1g SUDOC : 058548149 VIAF : 17319993 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele&oldid=863664478 '' Categories : German chemists Swedish chemists Swedish pharmacists 1742 births 1786 deaths Discoverers of chemical elements Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences People from Stralsund People from Swedish Pomerania German emigrants to Sweden Deaths by poisoning German male writers 18th - century German writers 18th - century Swedish writers 18th - century chemists 18th - century German scientists Hidden categories : Articles with hCards CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Nuttall Encyclopedia Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Popular Science Monthly Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Afrikaans Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Latina Latviešu Magyar മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 51 more Edit links This page was last edited on 12 October 2018, at 05 : 42 ( UTC ). 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Question: chemist who contributed towards the discovery of oxygen
Answer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele