World 's Fair - Wikipedia World 's Fair For the Hip - Hop Group, see World 's Fair ( group ). A poster advertising the Brussels International Exposition `` Viking '' replica of the Gokstad Viking ship at the 1893 Chicago World 's Fair The palace of the railways and great connexions at the International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism The China pavilion at the Expo 2010 A world 's fair, world fair, world exposition, or universal exposition ( sometimes expo or Expo for short ) is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world. The most recent international exhibition, Expo 2017, was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. Since the 1928 Convention Relating to International Exhibitions came into force, the Bureau International des Expositions ( BIE ; English : International Exhibitions Bureau ) has served as an international sanctioning body for world 's fairs. BIE - approved fairs are of three types : universal, specialized and horticultural. They usually last from three weeks to six months. The Bureau International des Expositions also recognises the Milan Triennial Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Modern Architecture, on grounds of historical precedence, provided that it retains its original features. Contents 1 History 1.1 Industrialization ( 1851 -- 1938 ) 1.2 Cultural exchange ( 1939 -- 1987 ) 1.3 Nation branding ( 1988 -- present ) 2 Types 2.1 Registered expositions ( World Expo ) 2.2 Recognized expositions ( Specialized Expo ) 3 List of expositions 4 Legacy 5 Current and upcoming expositions 5.1 2017 Astana 5.2 2020 Dubai 5.3 2022 or 2023 bids 5.4 2025 bids 5.5 Non-BIE Efforts 5.6 International Horticultural Exhibition 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links History Further information : List of world expositions and List of world 's fairs World 's fairs originated in the French tradition of national exhibitions, a tradition that culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Paris. This fair was followed by other national exhibitions in continental Europe and the United Kingdom. The best - known ' first World Expo ' was held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, United Kingdom, in 1851, under the title `` Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations ''. The Great Exhibition, as it is often called, was an idea of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria 's husband, and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art - and - design education, international trade and relations, and tourism. These events have resulted in a remarkable form of Prince Albert 's life history, one that continues to be reflected in London architecture in a number of ways, including in the Albert Memorial later erected to the Prince. This expo was the most obvious precedent for the many international exhibitions, later called world 's fairs, that have continued to be held to the present time. Since their inception in 1851, the character of world expositions has evolved. Three eras can be distinguished : the era of industrialization, the era of cultural exchange, and the era of nation branding. Industrialization ( 1851 -- 1938 ) The first era could be called the era of `` industrialization '' and covered, roughly, the period from 1800 to 1938. In these days, world expositions were especially focused on trade, and were famous for the display of technological inventions and advancements. World expositions were the platforms where the state - of - the - art in science and technology from around the world were brought together. The world expositions of 1851 London, 1853 New York, 1862 London, 1876 Philadelphia, 1889 Paris, 1893 Chicago, 1897 Brussels, 1900 Paris, 1901 Buffalo, 1904 St. Louis, 1915 San Francisco, and 1933 -- 34 Chicago were landmarks in this respect. Inventions such as the telephone were first presented during this era. An important part of the image of world 's fairs stems from this first era. Cultural exchange ( 1939 -- 1987 ) Ice Follies at the Seattle 1962 World 's Fair Further information : Technological utopianism The 1939 -- 40 New York World 's Fair diverged from the original focus of the world 's fair expositions. From then on, world 's fairs adopted specific cultural themes ; they forecasted a better future for society. Technological innovations were no longer the primary exhibits at fairs. The theme of the 1939 fair was `` Building the World of Tomorrow '' ; at the 1964 -- 65 New York World 's Fair, it was `` Peace Through Understanding '' ; at the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal, it was `` Man and His World ''. The fairs encouraged effective intercultural communication for the exchange of innovation. The 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal was promoted under the name Expo 67. Event organizers retired the term world 's fair in favor of expo. ( The Montreal Expos, a former Major League Baseball team, was named for the 1967 fair. ) Nation branding ( 1988 -- present ) From Expo ' 88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to use world expositions more widely and more strongly as a platform to improve their national images through their pavilions. Finland, Japan, Canada, France and Spain are cases in point. A large study by Tjaco Walvis called `` Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers '' showed that improving national image was the primary participation goal for 73 % of the countries at Expo 2000. In a world where a strong national image is a key asset, pavilions became advertising campaigns, and the Expo a vehicle for ' nation branding '. Apart from cultural and symbolic reasons, organizing countries ( and the cities and regions hosting them ) also utilize the world exposition to brand themselves. According to branding expert Wally Olins, Spain used Expo ' 92 and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the same year to underline its new position as a modern and democratic country and present itself as a prominent member of the European Union and the global community. At Expo 2000 Hanover, where countries created their own architecture, the average pavilion investment was about € 12 million. Given these costs, governments are sometimes hesitant to participate, because benefits are often assumed not to outweigh the costs. Tangible effects are difficult to measure, but an independent study for the Dutch pavilion at Expo 2000 estimated that the pavilion ( which cost around € 35 million ) generated around € 350 million of potential revenues for the Dutch economy. It also identified several key success factors for world - exposition pavilions in general. Types St. Louis 1904 World 's Fair Boer War program. Battle recreations took 2 -- 3 hours and included several Generals and 600 veteran soldiers from both sides of the war. At the conclusion of the show, the Boer General Christiaan de Wet would escape on horseback by leaping from a height of 35 feet ( 11 m ) into a pool of water. Presently, there are two types of world expositions : registered and recognized ( sometimes unofficially known as `` major '' and `` minor '' fairs, respectively ). Registered exhibitions are the biggest category events. Previously, registered expositions were called `` Universal Expositions ''. Even though this name lingers on in public memory, it is no longer in use as an official term. At registered exhibitions, participants generally build their own pavilions. They are therefore the most extravagant and most expensive expos. Their duration may be between six weeks and six months. Since 1995, the interval between two registered expositions has been at least five years. The latest registered exposition Expo 2015 was held in Milan, Italy, from May 1 to October 31, 2015. Recognized expositions are smaller in scope and investments and generally shorter in duration ; between three weeks and three months. Previously, these expositions were called `` International or Specialized Expositions '' but these terms are no longer used officially. Their total surface area must not exceed 25 ha and organizers must build pavilions for the participating states, free of rent, charges, taxes and expenses. The largest country pavilions may not exceed 1,000 m. Only one recognized exhibition can be held between two registered exhibitions. There are also two types of auxiliary expositions : the horticultural exhibitions, which are joint BIE and AIPH - sanctioned ' garden ' fair in which participants present gardens and garden pavilions ; and the Milan Triennial Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Modern Architecture. Registered expositions ( World Expo ) Registered expositions encompass universal themes that affect the full gamut of human experience, and international and corporate participants are required to adhere to the theme in their representations. Registered expositions are held every 5 years because they are more expensive as they require total design of pavilion buildings from the ground up. As a result, nations compete for the most outstanding or memorable structure -- recent examples include Japan, France, Morocco & Spain at Expo ' 92. Recent Registered Expositions include Brussels Expo ' 58, Montreal Expo 67, Osaka Expo ' 70, and Seville Expo ' 92. Sometimes prefabricated structures are also used to minimize costs for developing countries or for countries from a geographical block to share space ( i.e. Plaza of the Americas at Seville ' 92 ). The only Registered ( Universal ) exposition to be held without BIE approval was the 1964 -- 1965 New York World 's Fair. The sanctioning organization at Paris denied them `` official '' status because its president, Robert Moses, did not comply with BIE rules in place at the time, namely the one limiting the duration for universal expositions to six months only. Both World 's Fairs in New York ( 1939 -- 40 and 1964 -- 65 ) have the distinction of being the only two - year world expositions in history. The Fair proceeded without BIE approval and turned to tourism and trade organizations to host national pavilions in lieu of official government sponsorship. However, a large number of countries did participate in the world 's fair including several newly independent African and Asian states. Frederick Pittera, a producer of international fairs and exhibitions and author of the history of world 's fairs in the Encyclopædia Britannica and Compton Encyclopedia, was commissioned by Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. of New York City in 1959 to prepare the first feasibility studies for the 1964 New York World 's Fair. Pittera was joined in his study by Austrian architect Victor Gruen ( Inventor of the ' Shopping Mall ' ). The Eisenhower Commission ultimately awarded the world 's fair bid to New York City against several major U.S. cities. Since the turn of the 21st century the BIE has moved to sanction expos only every five years ; following the numerous expos of the 1980s and 1990s, some see this as a means to cut down potential expenditure by participating nations. The move was also seen by some as an attempt to avoid conflicting with the Summer Olympics. The rule may apply to all expos, or it may end up that universal expositions will be restricted to every five years or so, with international or specialized expositions in the in - between years for countries wishing to celebrate a special event. The most recent universal expo is Expo 2015 in Milan. Recognized expositions ( Specialized Expo ) Panoramic view of Expo 2012 Yeosu Specialized expositions are usually united by a common theme -- such as ' Transportation ' ( Vancouver Expo 86 ), or, ' Leisure in the Age of Technology ' ( Brisbane, Expo ' 88 ). Such themes are narrower than the wider scope of world expositions. The Specialized Exposition, Tsukuba, Japan, popularly known as Expo ' 85 was held in the city of Tsukuba located near Tokyo. This Exposition is more formally known as `` The International Science Technology Exposition ''. Specialized expositions are usually smaller in scale and cheaper to run for the host committee and participants because the architectural fees are lower and they only have to rent the space from the host committee, usually with the prefabricated structure already completed. Countries then have the option of ' adding ' their own colours, design etc. to the outside of the prefabricated structure and filling in the inside with their own content. One example of this is China, which has often chosen to add a Chinese archway in the front of its prefabricated pavilions to symbolize the nation ( Expo ' 88, Expo ' 92, Expo ' 93 ). The 2008 Specialized Exhibition was hosted by the Spanish city of Zaragoza with the theme `` Water and the Sustainable Development ''. Expo 2012 was held in Yeosu, South Korea, with the theme `` The Living Ocean and Coast : Diversity of Resources and Sustainable Activities ''. List of expositions Main article : List of world expositions List of official world expositions ( Universal, International / Specialised, Horticultural ) according to the Bureau International des Expositions. Dates Name of Exposition Country City Category Theme 04 / 1851 -- 10 / 1851 The Great Exhibition United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland London World Expo Industry of all Nations 05 / 1855 -- 11 / 1855 Exhibition Universelle / Paris International France Paris World Expo Agriculture, Industry and Art 05 / 1862 -- 11 / 1862 International Exhibition United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland London World Expo Industry and Arts 04 / 1867 -- 11 / 1867 Exposition Universelle / Paris International France Paris World Expo Agriculture, Industry and Arts 05 / 1873 -- 10 / 1873 Weltausstellung 1873 Wien / Austrian International Exposition Austria - Hungary Vienna World Expo Culture and Education 05 / 1876 -- 11 / 1876 Centennial Exposition United States Philadelphia World Expo Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine 05 / 1878 -- 11 / 1878 Exposition Universelle / Paris International Exposition France Paris World Expo New Technologies 10 / 1880 -- 04 / 1881 Melbourne International Exhibition Australia ( colony of Victoria ) Melbourne World Expo Arts, Manufacturing, Agriculture and Industrial Products of all Nations 04 / 1888 -- 12 / 1888 Exposición Universal de Barcelona ( 1888 ) Spain Barcelona World Expo Fine and Industrial Arts 05 / 1889 -- 10 / 1889 Exposition Universelle / Paris International Exposition France Paris World Expo French Revolution 05 / 1893 -- 10 / 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition United States Chicago World Expo Discovery of America 05 / 1897 -- 11 / 1897 Brussels International Exposition Belgium Brussels World Expo Modern Life 04 / 1900 -- 11 / 1900 Paris International France Paris World Expo 19th Century : an overview 04 / 1904 -- 12 / 1904 Louisiana Purchase United States St. Louis World Expo Louisiana Purchase 04 / 1905 -- 11 / 1905 Liège International ( 1905 ) Belgium Liège World Expo Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of independence 04 / 1906 -- 11 / 1906 Milan International Italy Milan World Expo Transport 04 / 1910 -- 11 / 1910 Brussels International Exhibition Belgium Brussels World Expo Works of Art and Science, Agricultural and Industrial Products of All Nations 04 / 1913 -- 11 / 1913 Exposition universelle et international / Ghent International Exposition Belgium Ghent World Expo Peace, Industry and Art 02 / 1915 -- 12 / 1915 Panama -- Pacific International Exposition United States San Francisco World Expo Inauguration of the Panama Canal 05 / 1929 -- 01 / 1930 Barcelona International Exposition Spain Barcelona World Expo Arts, Industry and Sport 05 / 1933 -- 10 / 1934 Century of Progress United States Chicago World Expo The independence among Industry and scientific research 04 / 1935 -- 11 / 1935 Brussels International Exposition Belgium Brussels World Expo Transports 05 / 1936 -- 06 / 1936 ILIS 1936 Sweden Stockholm Specialised Expo Aviation 05 / 1937 -- 11 / 1937 Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne / Paris International Exposition France Paris World Expo Arts and Technology in modern life 05 / 1938 -- 05 / 1938 Second International Aeronautic Exhibition Finland Helsinki Specialised Expo Aerospace 04 / 1939 -- 10 / 1940 New York World 's Fair United States New York City World Expo Building The World of Tomorrow 05 / 1939 -- 09 / 1939 Exposition internationale de l'eau ( 1939 ) Belgium Liège Specialised Expo Art of Water 07 / 1947 -- 08 / 1947 International Exhibition on Urbanism and Housing France Paris Specialised Expo Urbanism and Housing 07 / 1949 -- 08 / 1949 Universal Sport Exhibition ( 1949 ) Sweden Stockholm Specialised Expo Sport and physical culture 09 / 1949 -- 10 / 1949 The International Exhibition of Rural Habitat in Lyon France Lyon Specialised Expo Rural Habitat 12 / 1949 -- 06 / 1950 Exposition internationale du bicentenaire de Port - au - Prince Haiti Port - au - Prince World Expo The festival of Peace 04 / 1951 -- 05 / 1951 The International Textile Exhibition France Lille Specialised Expo Textile 07 / 1953 -- 10 / 1953 EA 53 Italy Rome Specialised Expo Agriculture 09 / 1953 -- 10 / 1953 Conquest of the Desert ( exhibition ) Israel Jerusalem Specialised Expo Conquest of the Desert 05 / 1954 -- 10 / 1954 The International Exhibition of Navigation ( 1954 ) Italy Naples Specialised Expo Navigation 05 / 1955 -- 06 / 1955 The International Expo of Sport ( 1955 ) Italy Turin Specialised Expo Sport 06 / 1955 -- 08 / 1955 Helsingborg exhibition 1955 Sweden Helsingborg Specialised Expo Modern Man in the Environment 05 / 1956 -- 06 / 1956 Exhibition of citriculture Israel Beit Dagan Specialised Expo Citrus 07 / 1957 -- 09 / 1957 Interbau Germany Berlin Specialised Expo Reconstruction of Hansa District 07 / 1958 -- 09 / 1958 Brussels World 's Fair Belgium Brussels World Expo A World View : A New Humanism 05 / 1961 -- 10 / 1961 Expo 61 Italy Turin Specialised Expo Celebration of centennial of Italian unity 04 / 1962 -- 10 / 1962 Century 21 Exposition United States Seattle World Expo Man in the Space Age 06 / 1965 -- 10 / 1965 IVA 65 Germany Munich Specialised Expo Transport 04 / 1967 -- 10 / 1967 Expo ' 67 Canada Montreal World Expo Man and His World 04 / 1968 -- 10 / 1968 HemisFair ' 68 United States San Antonio Specialised Expo Confluence of Civilizations in the Americas 03 / 1970 -- 09 / 1970 Expo ' 70 Japan Osaka World Expo Progress and Harmony for Mankind 08 / 1971 -- 09 / 1971 Expo 71 Hungary Budapest Specialised Expo The Hunt through the World 05 / 1974 -- 11 / 1974 Expo ' 74 United States Spokane Specialised Expo Celebrating Tomorrow 's Fresh New Environment 07 / 1975 -- 01 / 1976 Expo ' 75 Japan Okinawa Specialised Expo The Sea We would like to See 06 / 1981 -- 07 / 1981 Expo 81 Bulgaria Plovdiv Specialised Expo Hunting 05 / 1982 -- 10 / 1982 1982 World 's Fair United States Knoxville Specialised Expo Energy Turns the World 05 / 1984 -- 11 / 1984 1984 World 's Fair United States New Orleans Specialised Expo The World of Rivers -- Fresh Water as a source of life 03 / 1985 -- 09 / 1985 1985 World 's Fair Japan Tsukuba Specialised Expo Dwellings and Surroundings -- Science and Technology for Man at Home 11 / 1985 -- 11 / 1985 Expo 85 Bulgaria Plovdiv Specialised Expo Inventions 05 / 1986 -- 10 / 1986 Expo ' 86 Canada Vancouver Specialised Expo Transportation and Communication : World in Motion - World in Touch 04 / 1988 -- 10 / 1988 Expo ' 88 Australia Brisbane Specialised Expo Leisure in the Age of Technology 06 / 1991 -- 07 / 1991 Expo 91 Bulgaria Plovdiv Specialised Expo The activity of young people in the service of a World of Peace 04 / 1992 -- 10 / 1992 Expo ' 92 Spain Seville World Expo The Era of Discovery 05 / 1992 -- 08 / 1992 Expo Colombo ' 92 Italy Genoa Specialised Expo Christopher Columbus, The Ship and the Sea 08 / 1993 -- 11 / 1993 Expo ' 93 South Korea Daejeon Specialised Expo The Challenge of a New Road of Development 05 / 1998 -- 09 / 1998 Expo ' 98 Portugal Lisbon Specialised Expo The Oceans : A Heritage for the Future 06 / 2000 -- 10 / 2000 Expo 2000 Germany Hanover World Expo Man, Nature, Technology 03 / 2005 -- 09 / 2005 Expo 2005 Japan Aichi Specialised Expo Nature 's Wisdom 06 / 2008 -- 09 / 2008 Expo 2008 Spain Zaragoza Specialised Expo Water and Sustainable development 05 / 2010 -- 10 / 2010 Expo 2010 China Shanghai World Expo Better City, Better Life 05 / 2012 -- 08 / 2012 Expo 2012 South Korea Yeosu Specialised Expo The Living Ocean and Coast 05 / 2015 -- 10 / 2015 Expo 2015 Italy Milan World Expo Feeding the planet, Energy for life 06 / 2017 -- 09 / 2017 Expo 2017 Kazakhstan Astana Specialised Expo Future Energy ASIMO at Expo 2005 in Japan. Legacy The iconic Space Needle and Monorail depicted on this 1962 stamp are survivors. The majority of the structures are temporary and are dismantled after the fair closes. Landmark towers from several fairs are notable exceptions. By far the most famous of these is the Eiffel Tower, built for the Exposition Universelle ( 1889 ). Although it is now the most recognized symbol of its host city Paris, a number of influential contemporary critics opposed its construction, and there were demands for it to be dismantled after the fair 's conclusion. Other major structures that were held over from these fairs : 1851 : The Crystal Palace, from the first World 's Fair in London, designed so that it could be recycled to recoup losses, was such a success that it was moved and intended to be permanent, only to be destroyed by a fire in 1936. 1876 : The Centennial Exposition 's main building, Memorial Hall, is still in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, and serving as the new home for the Please Touch Museum. The space under the entrance to Memorial Hall houses a scale model of the entire Exposition. 1880 : The World Heritage - listed Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, constructed for the Melbourne International Exhibition. 1893 : The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts, one of the last remaining buildings of the World 's Columbian Exposition. In conjunction with the fair, the Art Institute of Chicago building was built to house conferences, as the World 's Congress Auxiliary Building. The intent or hope was to make all Columbian structures permanent, but most of the structures burned, possibly the result of arson during the Pullman Strike. The foundation of the world 's first Ferris wheel, which operated at the Exposition, was unearthed on the Chicago Midway during a construction project by the University of Chicago, whose campus now surrounds the Midway. Relocated survivors include the Norway pavilion, a small house now at a museum in Wisconsin, and the Maine State Building, now at the Poland Springs Resort in Maine. 1894 : The Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco 's Golden Gate Park is the last major remnant of the California Midwinter International Exposition. Large ornamental wooden gates and a pagoda from the 1915 Panama - Pacific International Exposition were brought in after the latter fair closed, making the Tea Garden a rare if not unique instance of a survivor that incorporates architectural features from two completely separate fairs. 1897 : A full - scale replica of the Parthenon was built for the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition where it stands today in Centennial Park. It features plaster reproductions of the Elgin Marbles and, in 1990, a re-creation of the original Athena Parthenos statue was installed inside just as it was in the original Parthenon in ancient Greece. 1900 : the Grand Palais and Petit Palais. 1901 : The New York State pavilion at the Pan-American Exposition remains today as the home of the Buffalo History Museum, and is set on grounds originally laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted. Across the man - made lake on the Scajaquada Creek is the Albright -- Knox Art Gallery, originally intended as the Beaux Arts Exhibition Hall, but not completed in time for the exhibition. 1904 : The St. Louis Art Museum in Forest Park, originally the Palace of the Fine Arts, and Brookings Hall at Washington University in St. Louis, are remnants of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition ( held a year late, as it was originally intended to be the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase ), better known as the St. Louis World 's Fair. The aviary in Forest Park gave root to the St. Louis Zoo. 1906 : The Civic Aquarium of Milan built for the Milan Exposition is still open after 100 years and was recently renovated. The International Commission on Occupational Health ( ICOH ) was settled in Milan during the fair and had its first congress in the Expo pavilions. In June 2006 the ICOH celebrated the first century of its life in Milan. An elevated railway with trains running at short intervals linked the fair to the city center. It was dismantled in the 1920s. 1909 : The landscaping ( by the Olmsted brothers ) from the Alaska -- Yukon -- Pacific Exposition ( AYPE ) in Seattle still forms much of the University of Washington campus. The only major building left from the AYPE, Architecture Hall, is used by the university 's architecture school. 1915 : The Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco and its adjacent artificial lagoon are the only major remnants of the Panama - Pacific International Exposition still in their original locations on the former fairgrounds ( now the city 's Marina District neighborhood ), but the building is almost entirely a reconstruction. The plaster - surfaced original, not intended to survive the fair, was a crumbling ruin in 1964 when all but the steel framework was demolished so that it could be reproduced in concrete. The San Francisco Civic Auditorium, now the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, is another major legacy of the fair but was built off - site in the city 's Civic Center. The independent Panama - California Exposition in San Diego left a substantial legacy of permanent buildings and other structures which today define its site, San Diego 's central Balboa Park, including the Prado walkway, the California Tower and Dome ( now home to the Museum of Man ), the 1500 - foot Cabrillo Bridge, the lily pond and botanical gardens, and the Spreckels Organ Pavilion. 1929 : Much survives from the two simultaneous fairs Spain hosted in that year. Most famous are the remnants of the Ibero - American Exposition in Seville, in which the Spanish Pavilion 's Plaza de España forms part of a large park and forecourt. Most of that fair 's pavilions have survived and been adapted for other uses, with many of them becoming consulates - general for the countries that built them. The Barcelona International Exposition featured the famous German pavilion designed by Mies van der Rohe, which was demolished but later recreated on the original site. 1942 : A special case is the EUR quarter in Rome, built for a World 's Fair planned for 1942 but cancelled because of World War II. Today it hosts various offices, both governmental and private, and several museums. 1958 : In Brussels, the Atomium still stands at the exposition site. It is a 165 - billion - times - enlarged iron - crystal - shaped building. Until June 2012, the `` American Theatre '' on the Expo grounds was frequently used as a television studio by the VRT. Seattle -- World 's Fair sign at 47th and Aurora, 1962 1962 : The Space Needle, theme building of the Century 21 Exposition commonly known as the Seattle World 's Fair, still stands as Seattle 's iconic landmark. The Seattle Center Monorail, the other widely known `` futuristic '' feature of the fair, still operates daily. The US pavilion became the Pacific Science Center. 1964 : The Unisphere, built for the second New York World 's Fair, still stands on its original site in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York City. Also surviving are the building housing the New York State Museum, and the former Singer Bowl, since converted into Louis Armstrong Stadium, part of the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, site of the US Open. 1967 : Among the structures still standing from Expo 67 in Montreal are Moshe Safdie 's Habitat 67, Buckminster Fuller 's American pavilion, and the French pavilion ( now the Montreal Casino ). 1968 : San Antonio kept the Tower of the Americas, the Institute of Texan Cultures and the Convention Center from HemisFair ' 68. 1974 : Spokane still has its Riverfront Park that was created for Expo ' 74 -- the park remains a popular and iconic part of Spokane 's downtown. 1982 : The Sunsphere from the Knoxville World 's Fair remains as a feature of Knoxville 's skyline. 1984 : The main pavilions of the 1984 New Orleans World 's Fair became the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, which is also known for its use as a shelter of last resort during Hurricane Katrina. 1986 : In Vancouver, many Expo 86 projects were designed as legacy projects. Of note are the Skytrain, Science World and Canada Place. 1988 : The Skyneedle, the symbol tower of Expo ' 88 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, still stands. Other survivors are the Nepal Peace Pagoda of the Nepalese representation, now at the transformed World Expo ' 88 site South Bank Parklands, and the Japan Pond and Garden from the Japanese representation, now at the Brisbane Mount Cooth - tha Botanic Gardens. 1992 : The pavilions of Expo ' 92 in Seville had been converted into a technological square and a theme park. 1998 : The main buildings of Expo ' 98 in Lisbon were completely integrated into the city itself and many of the art exhibition pieces still remain. 2005 : The home of Satsuki & Mei Kusakabe, built for the 2005 Expo in Aichi, remains operating at its original site in Morikoro Park and is a popular tourist attraction. 2010 : The China pavilion from Expo 2010 in Shanghai, the largest display in the history of the World Expo, is now the China Art Museum, the largest art museum in Asia. 2015 : The Italian Pavilion of Expo 2015 remains on the original site. Some world 's fair sites became ( or reverted to ) parks incorporating some of the expo elements, such as : Audubon Park, New Orleans : Site of New Orleans 's World Cotton Centennial in 1884 Jackson Park, Chicago and the Chicago Midway : Site of the 1893 Columbian Exposition Centennial Park, Nashville : Tennessee Centennial Expo in 1897 Forest Park, Saint Louis : Home of the Saint Louis Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 San Diego : Panama - California Exposition ( 1915 ) & California Pacific International Exposition ( 1935 ) Seattle Center : Century 21 Exposition in 1962 Flushing Meadows Park, Queens, New York City : Site of both the 1939 New York World 's Fair and the 1964 New York World 's Fair Montreal : Expo 67 San Antonio : HemisFair ' 68 Expo Commemoration Park, Osaka : Expo ' 70 Riverfront Park, Spokane : Expo ' 74 World 's Fair Park, Knoxville : 1982 World 's Fair Vancouver : Expo 86 Brisbane : Expo ' 88 : now represented with the South Bank Parklands Seville : Expo ' 92 Daejeon ( Taejŏn ) : Expo ' 93 Lisbon : Expo ' 98 which was divided in several structures, namely Pavilhão Atlântico, Casino Lisboa, Oceanário and Pavilhão do Conhecimento ( pt ). Shanghai Expo Park : Expo 2010 World exposition site at Rho, Milano, Lombardy District Some pavilions have been moved overseas intact : The Argentinian Pavilion from the 1889 Paris was relocated to Buenos Aires, Argentina until its demolition in 1932. The Chilean Pavilion from 1889 Paris is now in Santiago, Chile and following significant refurbishment in 1992 functions as the Museo Artequin The Peruvian Pavilion from 1900 Paris is now in Lima, as home to the Military Academy of History. The Japanese Tower of the 1900 World 's Fair in Paris was relocated to Laken ( Brussels ) on request of King Leopold II of Belgium. The Belgium Pavilion from the 1939 New York World 's Fair was relocated to Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia. The USSR Pavilion from Expo 67 is now in Moscow. The Sanyo Pavilion from Expo ' 70 is the Asian Centre at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. The Portugal Pavilion from Expo 2000 is now in Coimbra, Portugal. The United Arab Emirates Pavilion from Expo 2010 is now in Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi in UAE The Bahrain Pavilion from Expo 2015 is relocated to Bahrain. The Azerbaijan Pavilion is in the country 's capital Baku. The Chinese Pavilion was brought back to Qingdao and is on the site of the 2014 horticultural exhibition. The Save the Children Italy pavilion from Expo 2015 was dismantled and re-built as school for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. The Brussels Expo ' 58 relocated many pavilions within Belgium : the pavilion of Jacques Chocolats moved to the town of Diest to house the new town swimming pool. Another pavilion was relocated to Willebroek and has been used as dance hall Carré ever since. One smaller pavilion still stands on the boulevard towards the Atomium : the restaurant `` Salon 58 '' in the pavilion of Comptoir Tuilier. Many exhibitions and rides created by Walt Disney and his WED Enterprises company for the 1964 New York World 's Fair ( which was held over into 1965 ) were moved to Disneyland after the closing of the Fair. Many of the rides, including `` it 's a small world '', `` Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln '', and `` Carousel of Progress '' ( since moved to the Walt Disney World Resort and updated ), are still in operation. Disney had contributed so many exhibits to the New York fair in part because the corporation had originally envisioned a `` permanent World 's Fair '' at the Flushing site. That concept instead came to fruition with the Disney theme park Epcot, an extension of the Walt Disney World Resort, near Orlando, Florida. Epcot has many of the characteristics of a typical universal exposition : national pavilions, as well as exhibits concerning technology and / or the future, along with more typical amusement park rides. Meanwhile, several of the 1964 attractions, relocated to Disneyland, have been duplicated at the Walt Disney World Resort. Occasionally other bits and pieces of the fairs remain. In the New York City subway system, signs directing people to Flushing Meadows, Queens remain from the 1964 -- 65 event. In the Montreal subway at least one tile artwork of its theme, `` Man and His World '', remains. Also, a seemingly endless supply of souvenir items from fair visits can be found, and in the United States, at least, can often be bought at garage or estate sales. Many of these events also produced postage stamps and commemorative coins. The 1904 Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in conjunction with the 1904 St. Louis fair, although no particular tie - in seems to have been made. The Exposition Universelle ( 1900 ) Paris was also loosely tied to the Olympic Games. ) Current and upcoming expositions 2017 Astana Expo 2017 will be held in Astana, Kazakhstan. 2017 will see a recognized exposition and two cities bid by the cut - off date for bidding : Liège, Belgium and Astana, Kazakhstan. Several Canadian cities had been interested in 2017 as it is the year of Canada 's 150th anniversary, or sesquicentennial. In 2007, a Vancouver, British Columbia based group ( Expo 17 Inc ) publicly unveiled a 51 - page proposal to stage a sustainable `` hybrid '' expo in Montreal, consisting of an expo approved and recognized by the BIE, a horticultural expo, and a housing expo. Following a recent decision by Canadian Heritage which allows only the city of Edmonton, Alberta to bid for an expo, however, the group is now pursuing alternative events to mark Canada 's sesquicentennial. Meanwhile, Edmonton had been actively developing a bid for Edmonton EXPO 2017 since 2008, but failed to receive Federal funding in support of it. In May 2009, Calgary announced to Canadian Heritage it would begin to develop a bid for 2017 as well, but withdrew in November 2009. Ottawa, Canada 's capital city, had also considered bidding for 2017. As of November 2009, Edmonton was the only Canadian bidder. Thessaloniki unsuccessfully bid for the 2008 World EXPO, this time won by Zaragoza in Spain ; another planned bid for 2017 was announced in September 2006 and was in full development but they did not make a bid. 2020 Dubai Expo 2020 will be held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, as a Registered Exposition. The bidding process for this larger sized exposition formally began in 2011, with five cities being selected to participate in the final round of votes : São Paulo, Brazil -- the largest city in Brazil, the Americas and the Southern Hemisphere Yekaterinburg, the Russian capital of the Ural region Dubai, United Arab Emirates has placed a bid themed `` Connecting Minds, Creating the Future ''. İzmir, Turkey -- following a victory in a national competition with Ankara. Other participating cities and countries that were not selected for the final voting process to host Expo 2020, or did not submitted bids for consideration by the BIE : Ayutthaya was Thailand 's official nomination to host World Expo 2020. The province was chosen and approved as Thailand 's bid city to host World Expo 2020 by the Thai cabinet as the Prime Minister, Abhisit Vejjajiva, announced during the Shanghai World Expo 2010. Ayutthaya brought a bid under the theme `` Redefine Globalisation -- Balanced Life, Sustainable Living '' concept when bidding on behalf of Thailand to be the host country. However, Thailand 's bid was disqualified by the Bureau of International Expositions due to concerns that the bid did not have sufficient government support. The United States has had several citizen efforts directed at bringing a World 's Fair to the country, even though it is not a member of the Bureau of International Expositions. These efforts included the following cities : Houston -- `` Inspired Innovation '' New York City -- `` Showcasing the World '' San Francisco -- `` Interculture : Celebrating the World 's Cultures while Creating New Ones through Interaction and Exchange. '' Las Vegas -- `` The future of my future, '' according to the Wall Street Journal Philippines did not bid for the Expo 2020 although Manila had been considered a possible contender under the theme `` Manila, Celebrating Light and Life '' Brisbane, Queensland, Australia also considered putting an official bid to host Expo 2020 but did not bid. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia has been quoted by media reports as another potential candidate for the Australian 2020 bid. 2022 or 2023 bids Countries wishing to organise the Specialised Expo in either 2022 or 2023 had until 6pm ( Paris time ) on 15 December 2016 to submit their own bids, after which the list will be closed. Four countries have submitted bids to host Specialised Expo 2022 / 23 : Łódź Central Polish city of Łódź announced its candidacy to host EXPO 2022. It was promoted in the Polish Pavilion at the EXPO 2015 in Milan. Consequently, the Polish government officially submitted Łódź 's candidacy to the International Bureau of Expositions on 15 June 2016. Minneapolis Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires At the end of the project examination phase, BIE Member States will vote for the host country of Expo 2022 / 23 in a secret ballot at the BIE General Assembly due to be held in November 2017. 2025 bids Osaka, Japan Osaka made its official bid for the Expo on April 24, 2017 with the theme `` Designing Future Society for Our Lives ''. Baku, Azerbaijan The Azerbaijani capital entered its candidacy before the deadline under the theme `` Human Capital ''. Paris, France The French capital was the first to declare its candidacy, under the theme `` Sharing our Knowledge, Caring for our Planet ''. Yekaterinburg, Russia The Russian city entered its candidacy on 22 May 2017 under the theme `` Changing world : inclusive innovation is for our children and future generations ''. Non-BIE efforts Due to the U.S. government 's withdrawing its membership in the BIE in 2002, Worlds Fair USA is the first private Worlds Fair effort in history. Worlds Fair USA is organizing a series of mini-World's Fairs around the country called World 's Fair Nano in cities like San Francisco and New York City in order to build excitement for the six month World 's Fair, which Worlds Fair USA hopes to organize within the decade. The Los Angeles World 's Fair is another non-BIE effort. International Horticultural Exhibition The BIE, since 1959 grants recognition to the International Horticultural Exhibitions ( Category A1 ) approved by the International Association of Horticultural Producers ( AIPH ) subject to it meeting certain criteria including being approved by the BIE general assembly. International Horticultural Exhibitions ( upcoming in italics ) : 1960 Rotterdam ( Netherlands ) 1963 Hamburg ( Germany ) 1964 Vienna ( Austria ) 1969 Paris ( France ) 1972 Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) 1973 Hamburg ( Germany ) 1974 Vienna ( Austria ) 1980 Montreal ( Canada ) 1982 Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) 1983 Munich ( Germany ) 1984 International Garden Festival Liverpool ( United Kingdom ) 1990 Osaka ( Japan ) 1992 Zoetermeer ( Netherlands ) 1993 Stuttgart ( Germany ) 1999 Kunming ( China ) 2002 Floriade in Haarlemmermeer ( Netherlands ) 2003 Rostock ( Germany ) 2006 -- 7 Chiang Mai ( Thailand ) 2012 Floriade in Venlo ( Netherlands ) 2016 Antalya ( Turkey ) 2019 Beijing ( China ) 2022 Almere ( Almere ) See also Agricultural show County fair State fair References Jump up ^ Horticultural Exhibitions with an A1 grade, regulated by the International Association of Horticultural Producers, are recognized since 1960. Jump up ^ John R. Davies in Findling and Pelle ( 2008 ), `` Encyclopedia of World 's Fairs and Expositions '', pp. 13 -- 14 Jump up ^ Walvis, Tjaco, ed. ( April 2004 ). `` Three eras of World Expositions : 1851 -- present. ''. Cosmopolite : Stardust World Expo & National Branding Newsletter. Amsterdam : Stardust New Ventures ( 5 ) : 1. Jump up ^ Ted Dykstra ( Director ) ( 2004 ). Expo'67 : Back to the future ( DVD ). Canada : CBC Home Video. Jump up ^ http://www.bayareaeconomy.org/media/files/pdf/Expo_Report_sml.pdf Jump up ^ Tjaco Walvis ( 2003 ), `` Building Brand Locations '', Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 358 -- 366 Jump up ^ `` World 's Fairs '' Expos Q&A ``. worldsfairs.com. Retrieved 20 July 2017. Jump up ^ Based on : BIE Convention Jump up ^ Anna Jackson. EXPO International Exposititions 1851 -- 2010. p. 122. ISBN 978 - 1 - 85177 - 540 - 8. Jump up ^ Harrison Jacobs ( 2014 - 04 - 22 ). `` 15 Gorgeous Retro - Future Photos From The 1964 World 's Fair ''. Business Insider. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 01. Jump up ^ Findling and Pelle, Encyclopedia of World 's Fairs and Expositions, 9780786434169 p330 Jump up ^ `` Building the Fair -- Five Men ''. nywf64.com. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Expo 2012 : The Living Ocean and Coast : Diversity of Resources and Sustainable Activities ''. Expo 2012 : Yeosu Korea. International Exposition 2012 Yeosu Korea. Retrieved 29 July 2012. Jump up ^ `` Official Site of the Bureau International des Expositions ''. Bie-paris.org. 2013 - 06 - 27. Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 25. ^ Jump up to : `` List of International Exhibitions ''. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 14. Jump up ^ `` The Controversy about the Eiffel Tower ''. Paris Eiffel Tower News. Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 03. Jump up ^ `` Crystal Palace : Joseph Paxton -- Transported by moving company ''. Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 19. Jump up ^ PPIE Found Remnants : Architecture : Japanese Gates and Pagoda. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Balboa Park History ''. Retrieved May 16, 2013. Jump up ^ Expo, International Expositions 1851 -- 2010, Anna Jackson, 2008 Jump up ^ `` Home -- South Bank -- Visitor Info -- What 's On -- Shopping -- Dining -- Attractions and more ''. Visit South Bank. 2009 - 06 - 04. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Artequin ''. Artequin.cl. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` The UAE in World Expos World Expos Expo 2020, Dubai, UAE ''. Retrieved December 5, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Jarahieh School for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon ''. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Jump up ^ `` La nuova vita del villaggio Expo : una scuola in Libano ''. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Home -- Carré ''. Carre.be. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. ^ Jump up to : `` Candidatures International Expo 2017 ''. Retrieved 12 November 2011. Jump up ^ `` Expo 17 Proposal '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ Gordon Kent ( 21 June 2012 ). `` City may bid to host international conferences of religions ''. edmontonjournal.com. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2012. Jump up ^ `` World Fair in Ottawa 2017 ''... canada.com. 2007 - 08 - 02. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ Kent, Gordon ( 2009 - 12 - 01 ). `` A year - long party for $2.3 B ''. Edmontonjournal.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ Oliveira, Elida ( 1 January 2010 ). `` Deu na Imprensa -- Disputa acirrada '' ( in Portuguese ). Portal da Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo. Jump up ^ Hamilton, Louis ( June 18, 2013 ). `` Yekaterinburg presents city 's bid for 2020 World Expo ''. Yekaterinburg News. Retrieved 20 June 2013. Jump up ^ `` Overview Expo 2020 Dubai, UAE ''. Expo2020dubai.ae. Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 25. Jump up ^ `` EXPO 2020 için büyük yarış -- Yeni Asır ''. Yeniasir.com.tr. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Thailand wants to host World Expo 2020 ''. Channelnewsasia.com. 2010 - 06 - 19. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Thailand, World Expo 2020 : Ayutthaya to be nominated as World Expo site ''. Bangkokpost.com. 2011 - 04 - 05. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Thailand 2020 World Expo : Three candidates ''. Bangkokpost.com. 2010 - 09 - 05. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Thailand World expo 2020 Ayutthaya via YOUTUBE ''. Youtube.com. 2011 - 04 - 13. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ TCEB and Ayutthaya declare confidence in officially bidding for Thailand to host the World Expo 2020 Jump up ^ Sritama, Suchat ( 2011 - 04 - 05 ). `` Thailand, World Expo 2020 : Ayutthaya chosen as Thailand 's bid city ''. My.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Ayutthaya disqualified for World Expo 2020 ''. 2013 - 06 - 12. Jump up ^ `` World 's Fair EXPO 2020 ''. Expo2020.us. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` New York City 2020 `` Showcasing The World '' ``. Freewebs.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Expo 2020 Silicon Valley ''. 2020worldsfair.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ Michaels, Daniel ( February 19, 2009 ). `` The U.S. Ca n't Host a World Expo, and Fans Say That 's No Fair ''. The Wall Street Journal. Jump up ^ `` ExpoMuseum / potential bids for 2020 ''. Expomuseum.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Captain Cook 250th Anniversary Celebration Citizens ' Committee ''. Foundationexpo88.org. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Who stole our mojo ? asks Sydney ''. The Age. July 1, 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2010. Jump up ^ `` EXPO for Łódź. 60,000 visitors every day ''. Gazeta Wyborcza ( in Polish ). Retrieved 18 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Site of the Bureau International des Expositions ''. Retrieved 25 July 2016. Jump up ^ `` Specialised Expo 2022 / 23 ''. BIE Paris. Retrieved 17 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Election ''. BIE Paris. Retrieved 11 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Osaka launches formal bid to host 2025 World Expo ''. www.mainichi.jp/english/. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Japan submits bid for World Expo 2025 ''. www.bie-paris.org. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Baku bids for World Expo 2025 ''. azernews.az. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 23. ^ Jump up to : `` World Expo 2025 ''. www.bie-paris.org. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 18. Jump up ^ `` Application idea ''. www.expofrance2025.com. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 18. Jump up ^ `` Bringing the World 's Fair Back to the U.S. ''. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2017 -- via www.bloomberg.com. Jump up ^ Stone, Zara. `` Inside San Francisco 's 21st Century World 's Fair ''. Retrieved 20 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` Virtual reality features heavily at upcoming Worlds Fair Nano in Brooklyn ''. Full Dive Gamer. 2017 - 08 - 27. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Wants a Transit - Themed World 's Fair, and It Might Actually Be a Great Idea ''. Retrieved 20 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` Horticultural Expos ''. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 26., Jump up ^ `` International Horticultural Exhibition ''. Bie-paris.org. 2011 - 04 - 18. Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Exhibitions, actual programme ''. AIPH. 2011 - 01 - 11. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Floriade Amsterdam Almere 2022 ( A1 ) -- International Association of Horticultural Producers ''. aiph.org. Retrieved 20 July 2017. Further reading Alexander C.T. Geppert : Fleeting Cities. Imperial Expositions in Fin - de-Siècle Europe, Basingstoke / New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Findling, John E. and Kimberly D. Pelle, ed. Encyclopedia of World 's Fairs and Expositions Jefferson, NC and London : McFarland, 2008. External links This section 's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia 's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. ( June 2012 ) Look up Expo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to World 's Fairs. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for World 's Fair. Wikiquote has quotations related to : World 's fair ExpoBids.com, information about bids for future world 's fairs Official website of the Bureau International des Expositions ( BIE ) ExpoMuseum, The Online World 's Fair Museum ExpositionMedals, Award medals of American World 's Fairs and Expos Expo FAQs Celebrate 88 A lot of World 's Fairs presented by a lot of photographs `` Spin City ''. CNBC Business. April 2009. `` Exposition Posters ''. Paintings and Drawings. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007 - 11 - 19. `` A Treasury of World 's Fair Art and Architecture : A Digital Archive, 1851 -- 1986 ''. essays, images, virtual exhibits, postcards and ephemera. University of Maryland Libraries, Digital Collections. Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 12. Burnham, Beaux - Arts, Plan of Chicago, & Fairs : Ryerson & Burnham Libraries : Archives Collection Alexander C.T. Geppert, Jean Coffey, Tammy Lau : International Exhibitions, Expositions Universelles and World 's Fairs, 1851 -- 1951. A Bibliography. Donald G. Larson Collection on International Expositions and Fairs, from the website of California State University, Fresno World 's Fairs and the Landscapes of the Modern Metropolis Posters, photographs, pamphlets, commemorative books, maps, government reports, and ephemera from the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University The contribution of the buildings built for the World 's Fairs to the history of architecture structural typologies. PhD Thesis written by Isaac López César. 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Question: what was the primary purpose of world's fairs in the late 19th century
Answer: first international exhibition of manufactured products