Luminous intensity - wikipedia Luminous intensity See also : Light intensity ( disambiguation ) In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength - weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela ( cd ), an SI base unit. Photometry deals with the measurement of visible light as perceived by human eyes. The human eye can only see light in the visible spectrum and has different sensitivities to light of different wavelengths within the spectrum. When adapted for bright conditions ( photopic vision ), the eye is most sensitive to greenish - yellow light at 555 nm. Light with the same radiant intensity at other wavelengths has a lower luminous intensity. The curve which measures the response of the human eye to light is a defined standard, known as the luminosity function. This curve, denoted V ( λ ) or y  ̄ ( λ ) ( displaystyle \textstyle ( overline ( y ) ) ( lambda ) ), is based on an average of widely differing experimental data from scientists using different measurement techniques. For instance, the measured responses of the eye to violet light varied by a factor of ten. Contents 1 Relationship to other measures 2 Units 3 Usage 4 See also 5 References Relationship to other measures Luminous intensity should not be confused with another photometric unit, luminous flux, which is the total perceived power emitted in all directions. Luminous intensity is the perceived power per unit solid angle. If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would have a luminous intensity of 1 candela. If the optics were changed to concentrate the beam into 1 / 2 steradian then the source would have a luminous intensity of 2 candela. The resulting beam is narrower and brighter, though its luminous flux remains unchanged. Luminous intensity is also not the same as the radiant intensity, the corresponding objective physical quantity used in the measurement science of radiometry. Units Like other SI base units, the candela has an operational definition -- it is defined by the description of a physical process that will produce one candela of luminous intensity. By definition, if one constructs a light source that emits monochromatic green light with a frequency of 540 THz, and that has a radiant intensity of 1 / 683 watts per steradian in a given direction, that light source will emit one candela in the specified direction. The frequency of light used in the definition corresponds to a wavelength of 555 nm, which is near the peak of the eye 's response to light. If the source emitted uniformly in all directions, the total radiant flux would be about 18.40 mW, since there are 4π steradians in a sphere. A typical candle produces very roughly one candela of luminous intensity. Prior to the definition of the candela, a variety of units for luminous intensity were used in various countries. These were typically based on the brightness of the flame from a `` standard candle '' of defined composition, or the brightness of an incandescent filament of specific design. One of the best - known of these standards was the English standard : candlepower. One candlepower was the light produced by a pure spermaceti candle weighing one sixth of a pound and burning at a rate of 120 grains per hour. Germany, Austria, and Scandinavia used the Hefnerkerze, a unit based on the output of a Hefner lamp. In 1881, Jules Violle proposed the Violle as a unit of luminous intensity, and it was notable as the first unit of light intensity that did not depend on the properties of a particular lamp. All of these units were superseded by the definition of the candela. Usage The luminous intensity for monochromatic light of a particular wavelength λ is given by I v = 683 ⋅ y  ̄ ( λ ) ⋅ I e, ( displaystyle I_ ( mathrm ( v ) ) = 683 cdot ( overline ( y ) ) ( lambda ) cdot I_ ( mathrm ( e ) ), ) where I is the luminous intensity in candelas ( cd ), I is the radiant intensity in watts per steradian ( W / sr ), y  ̄ ( λ ) ( displaystyle \textstyle ( overline ( y ) ) ( lambda ) ) is the standard luminosity function. If more than one wavelength is present ( as is usually the case ), one must sum or integrate over the spectrum of wavelengths present to get the luminous intensity : I v = 683 ∫ 0 ∞ y  ̄ ( λ ) ⋅ d I e ( λ ) d λ d λ. ( displaystyle I_ ( mathrm ( v ) ) = 683 int _ ( 0 ) ^ ( infty ) ( overline ( y ) ) ( lambda ) cdot ( \frac ( dI_ ( mathrm ( e ) ) ( lambda ) ) ( d lambda ) ) , d lambda. ) See also Brightness International System of Quantities Radiance References Jump up ^ `` Base unit definitions : Candela ''. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. Retrieved 8 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` Hefner unit, or Hefner candle ''. Sizes.com. 30 May 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2009. SI photometry quantities Quantity Unit Dimension Notes Name Symbol Name Symbol Symbol Luminous energy Q lumen second lm ⋅ s T ⋅ J Units are sometimes called talbots. Luminous flux / luminous power Φ lumen ( = cd ⋅ sr ) lm J Luminous energy per unit time. Luminous intensity candela ( = lm / sr ) cd J Luminous flux per unit solid angle. Luminance candela per square metre cd / m L ⋅ J Luminous flux per unit solid angle per unit projected source area. Units are sometimes called nits. Illuminance lux ( = lm / m ) lx L ⋅ J Luminous flux incident on a surface. Luminous exitance / luminous emittance lux lx L ⋅ J Luminous flux emitted from a surface. Luminous exposure lux second lx ⋅ s L ⋅ T ⋅ J Luminous energy density ω lumen second per cubic metre lm ⋅ s ⋅ m L ⋅ T ⋅ J Luminous efficacy η lumen per watt lm / W M ⋅ L ⋅ T ⋅ J Ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux or power consumption, depending on context. Luminous efficiency / luminous coefficient V See also : SI Photometry Radiometry Jump up ^ Standards organizations recommend that photometric quantities be denoted with a suffix `` v '' ( for `` visual '' ) to avoid confusion with radiometric or photon quantities. For example : USA Standard Letter Symbols for Illuminating Engineering USAS Z7. 1 - 1967, Y10. 18 - 1967 ^ Jump up to : Alternative symbols sometimes seen : W for luminous energy, P or F for luminous flux, and ρ or K for luminous efficacy. ^ Jump up to : `` J '' here is the symbol for the dimension of luminous intensity, not the symbol for the unit joules. SI base quantities Base quantity Quantity SI unit Name Symbol Dimension symbol Unit name ( symbol ) Example length l, x, r, ( etc. ) metre ( m ) r = 10 m mass m kilogram ( kg ) m = 10 kg time, duration second ( s ) t = 10 s electric current I, i I ampere ( A ) I = 10 A thermodynamic temperature Θ kelvin ( K ) T = 10 K amount of substance n mole ( mol ) n = 10 mol luminous intensity J candela ( cd ) I = 10 cd Specification The quantity ( not the unit ) can have a specification : T = 300 K Derived quantity Definition A quantity Q is expressed in the base quantities : Q = f ( l, m, t, I, T, n, I v ) ( displaystyle Q = f left ( ( mathit ( l, m, t, I, T, n, I ) ) mathrm ( _ ( v ) ) \right ) ) Derived dimension dim Q = L M T I Θ N J ( Superscripts a -- g are algebraic exponents, usually a positive, negative or zero integer. ) Example Quantity acceleration = l t, dim acceleration = L T possible units : m s, km Ms, etc. See also History of the metric system International System of Quantities Proposed redefinitions Systems of measurement Book Outline Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luminous_intensity&oldid=748197008 '' Categories : Physical quantities SI base quantities Photometry Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from September 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Boarisch Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Қазақша Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русиньскый Русский Scots Shqip Slovenčina Slovenščina Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 November 2016, at 22 : 56. 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Question: write s.i unit of luminous intensity and temperature
Answer: candela