Clipboard ( computing ) - wikipedia Clipboard ( computing ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2013 ) Glipper, an example of a clipboard management program The clipboard is a software facility used for short - term data storage and / or data transfer between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations. It is most commonly a part of a GUI environment and is usually implemented as an anonymous, temporary data buffer, sometimes called the paste buffer, that can be accessed from most or all programs within the environment via defined programming interfaces. A typical application accesses clipboard functionality by mapping user input ( keybindings, menu selections, etc. ) to these interfaces. Clipboard managers are applications that enable the user to manipulate the clipboard. Contents 1 Basic functions 2 Data formats 3 Computer security 4 Clipboard management 5 Operating system - specific clipboards 5.1 Microsoft Windows 5.2 macOS 5.3 X Window System 5.4 AmigaOS 6 Clipboard extensions 7 List of clipboard software 8 See also 9 References Basic functions ( Edit ) The semantics of the clipboard facility varies from one operating system to another, and can also vary between versions of the same system. They can sometimes be changed by different programs or by user preference. This can lead to user frustration when switching between environments with different clipboard semantics particularly as copy and paste operations often become embedded in the user 's muscle memory or mental model. Most environments support a single clipboard transaction. Each cut or copy overwrites the previous contents. Normally, paste operations copy the contents, leaving the contents available in the clipboard for further pasting operations. Data formats ( Edit ) Early implementations of the clipboard stored data as plain text without meta - information such as typeface, type style or color. More recent implementations support the multiple types of data, allowing complex data structures to be stored. These range from styled text formats such as RTF or HTML, through a variety of bitmap and vector image formats to complex data types like spreadsheets and database entries. For example, cutting a range of cells in a spreadsheet and then pasting them into another sheet may preserve the underlying formulae and data, and may even translate intra-cell references, so that a `` SUM (... ) '' calculation on a sub-range of the cells is converted to refer to the newly pasted copies of those cells. When data is added to the clipboard by an application, it typically makes it available in as many different data formats as it can. This includes both native and simpler ( or more common ) formats that would have a higher chance of being recognized by a wide variety of applications. Thus, when data is pasted into another application, the format that is closest to that application 's native format can be used, preserving as much of the original data as possible. In Windows in particular, the internal clipboard functionality of the operating system will automatically translate data from known advanced formats to simpler formats ( such as RTF to plain text, or Unicode to ANSI Text ), increasing the likelihood that any given application can interpret some form of the original data. Computer security ( Edit ) Clipboard hijacking is an exploit in which a person 's clipboard 's content is replaced by malicious data, such as a link to a malicious web site. While some security - holes were patched JavaScript can still be used to modify clipboard content via an attack dubbed ' pastejacking '. Dylan Ayrey who developed the attack set up a website that demonstrates how this exploit can be used to trick a user into running commands they did n't want to run. There have been exploits where web pages grab clipboard data. In early 2013 researchers exposed risks stemming from Android - based password managers and documented how passwords in 21 of the most popular of these apps could be accessed by any other app on an Android device including those with extremely low - level privileges. Joe Siegrist notes that this is an `` OS - level issue that impacts everything running on Android ''. Clipboard management ( Edit ) See also : Snippet management Modern GUIs often provide a clipboard manager which supports multiple cut and paste transactions. In this model the clipboard is treated as a stack or scrap book, with new cuts and copies being placed on top of the list of recent transactions. The standard paste operation copies the most recent transaction, while specialized pastes provide access to the other stored transactions. These managers generally also provide a window that displays the transaction history and allows the user to select earlier copies, edit them, change their format and even search amongst them. Most environments do not save the clipboard contents to any persistent storage - when a user logs out or reboots his or her system the clipboard contents are cleared and forgotten. Operating system - specific clipboards ( Edit ) Microsoft Windows ( Edit ) Main article : ClipBook Viewer In some versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system, the contents of the clipboard can be viewed at any time by using the Clipboard Viewer ( Clipbook Viewer in Windows XP and 2000 ) application ( clipbrd. exe ). It can be run by pressing Windows key + r and typing clipbrd. exe. Alternatively, the program can be found at % windir % system32 clipbrd. exe on such versions of Windows. In older versions of Windows the common practice was to open a copy of the `` Notepad '' or `` Wordpad '' editor, and paste into that. Often these operations are available from the `` Edit '' pull down menu and they may be available via a context menu, usually accessible by context - clicking in the window or dialog entry that is to be cut from or pasted into. The standard Windows key bindings are : Ctrl + C to copy data onto the clipboard Ctrl + X to cut data to the clipboard Ctrl + V to paste data from the clipboard Alternative key bindings derived from the IBM Common User Access are : Ctrl + Ins is copy ⇧ Shift + Del is cut ⇧ Shift + Ins is paste The advantage of the alternative keys is that the fingers can stay close to the arrow and selection keys when one is editing a large body of text. The Clipbook Viewer was removed entirely in Windows Vista. MacOS ( Edit ) In macOS the contents can be viewed by selecting the Show Clipboard menu item from the Finder 's Edit menu. The standard macOS keybindings are : ⌘ Cmd - C to copy data into the clipboard ⌘ Cmd - X to cut into it ⌘ Cmd - V to paste data from the clipboard. Also available as a secondary, text - only clipboard, is an emacs - style kill - ring ( a stack of text strings ). This works in all applications that use standard Cocoa text boxes : Ctrl - K to kill from cursor to end - of - line. Ctrl - Y to yank from kill - ring to cursor. Using the following commands the clipboard can be accessed from the command line : $ # to copy data into the clipboard : $ echo ' hello world ' pbcopy $ # to paste from the clipboard : $ pbpaste hello world X window system ( Edit ) The X Window System commonly used on Unix and Linux systems provides a clipboard implementation as part of X Window selection. Selections are asynchronous, so data is copied and converted into the desired format only on - demand. The usage and handling of various selections is not standardized. However most modern toolkits and desktop environments, such as GNOME or KDE, follow a widely accepted convention, outlined in the freedesktop.org specification. One selection, CLIPBOARD, is used for traditional clipboard semantics, with shortcuts identical to Windows. Another selection, PRIMARY, is an X11 - specific mechanism. Data is `` copied '' immediately upon highlighting and pasted with the third ( middle ) mouse button. This is usually separate from the CLIPBOARD selection and does not change its contents. Amigaos ( Edit ) The Amiga operating system uses 256 units, so you have multiple clipboards at the same time. Clipboard extensions ( Edit ) A number of independent software vendors have extended the capabilities of local clipboard. One good example is making the local clipboard work with online applications by saving the clipboard data to the online location upon a copy or cut event, making this data available to online applications for pasting. Another example is a case when the software does not support copying from clipboard or does not allow one to paste a text from clipboard ( for example, while logging into remote Windows server, one can not copy and paste their user name and password ). Tools like `` Clipboard Typist '' help one to overcome this limitation. List of clipboard software This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article. ( July 2013 ) Name Operating System License AceClipboard Windows Freeware BethClip Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Web application Freeware / Commercial AtoZ Clipboard Windows Freeware ArchiveClipboard Windows, macOS, Linux Freeware Spartan Multi-Clipboard Windows Commercial ClipSync Android / Windows Freeware 3D Clipboard Windows Freeware AM8 Free Clipboard Windows Freeware ArsClip Windows Open Source ( Delphi ) Capast Windows Freeware Clipboard Evolved macOS Commercial Clipboard History Windows Freeware Clipboard Magic Windows Freeware Clipboard Master Windows Freeware Clipjump Windows Open Source ( Apache License ) ClipboardMultiSharer Cross-platform Open Source ( GPL ) Clipboard Typist Windows Freeware ClipboardZanager Windows Open Source ( WTFPL ) Clipcomrade Windows Open Source ( LGPL ) Clipomatic Windows Freeware ClipX Windows Freeware Clipmenu macOS Freeware Clipmate 7 Windows Commercial Clyppan macOS Freeware / Commercial CopyPaste macOS Commercial CopyTexty Windows Freeware / Commercial Cute Clips macOS Commercial Ditto Windows Open Source ( GPL ) ECPText and Template software Windows Freeware / Commercial Glipper / Klipper Gnu / Linux, GNOME / KDE Open Source ( GPL ) Iclip macOS Commercial Hot Copy Paste Windows Commercial Jumpcut macOS Open Source ( MIT License ) Open Paste Windows Commercial PasteCopy.NET Windows Freeware Pthpasteboard macOS Commercial Rclipstep Windows Freeware Savvy Clipboard macOS Commercial Shapeshifter Windows Freeware Stuf macOS Commercial Wlipper Windows Open Source ( GPL ) Yankee Clipper 3 / X Windows Freeware / Commercial copy+ iOS Commercial CopyIt Windows, macOS, Linux, Android Open Source ( GPL ) Clipboard Stripper Windows Commercial Clipdiary Windows Commercial Clipdiary Free Windows Freeware See also Clipboard manager Cut, copy, and paste References ( Edit ) Jump up ^ `` What is clipboard hijack attack ? - Definition from WhatIs.com ''. WhatIs.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ Chirgwin, Richard. `` Pastejack attack turns your clipboard into a threat ''. The Register. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Researcher warns of ' pastejacking ' hack attacks targeting users ' clipboards ''. Graham Cluley. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` dxa4481 / Pastejacking ''. GitHub. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Hey, You, Get Off of My Clipboard '' ( PDF ). doi : 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 39884 - 1_12. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Using a password manager on Android ? It may be wide open to sniffing attacks ''. Ars Technica. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Copy to clipboard from terminal in OS X ''. rogeriopvl.com. Jump up ^ `` pbcopy ( 1 ) Mac OS X Manual Page ''. apple.com. Jump up ^ `` clipboards - spec ''. freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 16. Windows command - line programs and shell builtins COMMAND.COM Command Prompt Windows PowerShell Recovery Console File system navigation cd ( chdir ) dir popd pushd tree File management attrib cacls cipher compact copy del ( erase ) deltree expand icacls makecab md ( mkdir ) move rd ( rmdir ) recover ren ( rename ) replace rmdir robocopy xcopy Disk management chkdsk convert defrag diskcomp diskcopy diskpart fdisk format label subst scandisk sys vol vssadmin Processes exit kill powercfg runas sc shutdown start taskkill tasklist Registry assoc ftype reg regini regsvr32 User environment date mode path set setx time title ver whoami File contents comp edlin fc find findstr print type Scripting choice clip cscript doskey echo for goto if more pause prompt rem Networking arp getmac hostname ipconfig net use netsh netstat nslookup PathPing ping route tracert Maintenance and care driverquery msiexec ntbackup sfc systeminfo w32tm WBAdmin winsat wmic Boot management bcdedit bootcfg fixboot fixmbr Software development debug exe2bin QBasic Miscellaneous cls help List of DOS commands Environment variables Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clipboard_(computing)&oldid=799980101 '' Categories : Windows commands Clipboard ( computing ) User interface techniques Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from December 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011 Articles needing cleanup from July 2013 All pages needing cleanup Wikipedia list cleanup from July 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Олык марий Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Українська اردو Walon 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 10 September 2017, at 23 : 32. 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Question: where do copied items come from in word
Answer: The clipboard