Muhammadu Buhari - wikipedia Muhammadu Buhari Muhammadu Buhari GCFR 15th President of Nigeria Incumbent Assumed office 29 May 2015 Vice President Yemi Osinbajo Preceded by Goodluck Jonathan Federal Minister of Petroleum Resources Incumbent Assumed office 11 November 2015 Preceded by Diezani Allison - Madueke 7th Head of State of Nigeria In office 31 December 1983 -- 27 August 1985 Vice President Tunde Idiagbon as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Preceded by Shehu Shagari Succeeded by Ibrahim Babangida Federal Commissioner of Petroleum and Natural Resources In office March 1976 -- June 1978 Governor of Borno State In office 3 February 1976 -- 15 March 1976 Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Mustapha Amin Governor of the Northeastern State In office 1 August 1975 -- 3 February 1976 Preceded by Musa Usman Succeeded by Position abolished Personal details ( 1942 - 12 - 17 ) 17 December 1942 ( age 75 ) Daura, Northern Region, British Nigeria ( now Daura, Katsina State, Nigeria ) Nationality Nigerian Political party All Progressives Congress Spouse ( s ) Safinatu Yusuf ( m. 1971 ; div. 1988 ) Aisha Halilu ( m. 1989 ) Children 10 Zulaihat ( deceased ) Fatima Musa ( deceased ) Hadiza Safinatu Aisha Halima Yusuf Zarah Amina Alma mater Nigerian Military Training College Mons Officer Cadet School U.S. Army War College Website www.mbuhari.ng Military service Nickname ( s ) Baba go slow Service / branch Nigerian Army Years of service 1961 -- 1985 Rank Major general Muhammadu Buhari GCFR ( born 17 December 1942 ) is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation 's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government. He unsuccessfully ran for the office of president of Nigeria in the 2003, 2007 and 2011 general elections. In December 2014, he emerged as the presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress for the March 2015 general elections. Buhari won the election, defeating the incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan. This marked the first time in the history of Nigeria that an incumbent president lost to an opposition candidate in a general election. He was sworn in on 29 May 2015. Buhari has stated that he takes responsibility for anything over which he presided during his military rule, and that he can not change the past. He has described himself as a `` converted democrat ''. Contents 1 Early life 2 Early military career 2.1 Northern counter-coup of 28 July 1966 2.2 Civil war 3 After the war 3.1 Buhari 's participation in July 1975 coup 4 Governor of North Eastern State 5 Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources 6 Back in military service 6.1 Chadian military affair 7 December 1983 military coup 8 Head of state ( 1983 -- 85 ) 8.1 Policies and initiatives 8.1. 1 Economic policy 8.1. 2 Foreign policy 8.1. 3 War on corruption 8.1. 4 War Against Indiscipline 8.2 53 suitcases saga 8.3 Human rights 9 1985 coup and detention 10 In retirement 10.1 Civilian life 10.2 Chairman of the Petroleum Trust Fund 11 Presidential campaigns and elections 11.1 2003 presidential elections 11.2 2007 presidential elections 11.3 2011 presidential elections 11.4 2015 presidential elections 11.4. 1 Abolishing the office of the First Lady 11.4. 2 Freedom of religion 12 Presidency ( 2015 -- present ) 12.1 Economy 12.2 Anti-corruption 12.3 Foreign policy 12.4 Niger Delta 12.5 Plagiarism scandal 12.6 Boko Haram and Chibok girls 12.7 Health issues 12.8 2019 Re-election bid 13 Security challenges 14 Personal life 15 Awards 16 See also 17 References 18 Sources 19 External links Early life Muhammadu Buhari was born to a Fulani family on 17 December 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, to his father Hardo Adamu, a Fulani chief, and mother Zulaihat. He is the twenty - third child of his father. Buhari was raised by his mother, after his father died when he was about four years old. He attended primary school in Daura and Mai'adua before proceeding to Katsina Model School in 1953, and to Katsina Provincial Secondary School ( now Government College Katsina ) from 1956 to 1961. Early military career Buhari joined the Nigerian Army by enrolling at age 19 in the Nigerian Military Training College ( NMTC ) in 1961. In February 1964, the college was upgraded to an officer commissioning unit of the Nigerian Army and renamed the Nigerian Defence Academy ( NDA ) ( prior to 1964, the Nigerian government sent cadets who had completed their NMTC preliminary training to mostly Commonwealth military academies for officer cadet training ). From 1962 to 1963, Buhari underwent officer cadet training at Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot in England. In January 1963, at age 21, Buhari was commissioned a second lieutenant and appointed Platoon Commander of the Second Infantry Battalion in Abeokuta, Nigeria. From November 1963 to January 1964, Buhari attended the Platoon Commanders ' Course at the Nigerian Military Training College, Kaduna. In 1964, he facilitated his military training by attending the Mechanical Transport Officer 's Course at the Army Mechanical Transport School in Borden, United Kingdom. From 1965 to 1967, Buhari served as commander of the Second Infantry Battalion and appointed brigade major, Second Sector, First Infantry Division, April 1967 to July 1967. Northern counter-coup of 28 July 1966 In July 1966 Lieutenant Muhammadu Buhari was one of the participants in the `` July Rematch '' or so called `` Counter-Coup '', led by Lt - Col Murtala Muhammed, that overthrew and assassinated Nigeria 's first self - appointed military Head of State General Aguiyi Ironsi, who had assumed leadership of the Nigerian government after a failed coup attempt on 15 January 1966, which overthrew the elected parliamentary government of Nigeria ( also known as first republic ). Other participants in the coup on 28 July 1966 included 2nd Lieutenant Sani Abacha, Lieutenant Ibrahim Babangida, Major Theophilus Danjuma, Lieutenant Ibrahim Bako among others. The coup was a reaction to the January coup where a group of mostly Igbo officers led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Many Northern soldiers were aggrieved by the murder of senior politicians, Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, northern regional premier, Ahmadu Bello, and four senior officers from northern Nigeria : Brigadier Zakariya Maimalari, Colonel Kur Mohammed, Lt - Cols Abogo Largema and James Pam. The counter-coup was very bloody leading to the murder of mostly Igbo officers. Among the casualties were the first military head of state General Aguiyi Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi, the military governor of the Western Region. Civil War Buhari was assigned to the 1st Division under the command of Lt. Col Mohammed Shuwa, the division had temporarily moved from Kaduna to Makurdi at the onset of the Nigerian Civil War. The 1st division was divided into sectors and then battalions with Shuwa assisted by sector commanders Martin Adamu and Sule Apollo who was later replaced by Theophilus Danjuma. Buhari 's initial assignment was as Adjutant and Company Commander 2 battalion unit, Second Sector Infantry of the 1st Division. The 2 battalion was one of the units that participated in the first actions of the war, they started from Gakem near Afikpo and moved towards Ogoja with support from Gado Nasko 's artillery squad. They reached and captured Ogoja within a week with the intention of advancing through the flanks to Enugu, the rebel capital. Buhari was briefly the 2 battalion 's Commander and led the battalion to Afikpo to link with the 3rd Marine Commando and advance towards Enugu through Nkalagu and Abakaliki. However, before the move to Enugu, he was posted to Nsukka as Brigade Major of the 3rd Infantry Brigade under Joshua Gin who would later become battle fatigued and replaced by Isa Bukar. Buhari stayed with the infantry for a few months as the Nigerian army began to adjust tactics learnt from early battle experiences. Instead of swift advances, the new tactics involved securing and holding on to the lines of communications and using captured towns as training ground to train new recruits brought in from the army depots in Abeokuta and Zaria. In 1968, he was posted to the 4 Sector also called the Awka sector which was charged to take over the capture of Onitsha from Division 2. The sector 's operations was within the Awka - Abagana - Onitsha region which was important to Biafran forces because it was a major source of food supply. It was in the sector that Buhari 's group suffered a lot of casualties trying to protect food supplies route of the rebels along Oji River and Abagana. After the War From 1970 to 1971, Buhari was Brigade Major / Commandant, Thirty - first Infantry Brigade. He then served as the Assistant Adjutant - General, First Infantry Division Headquarters, from 1971 to 1972. He also attended the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, India, in 1973. From 1974 to 1975 Buhari was Acting Director of Transport and Supply at the Nigerian Army Corps of Supply and Transport Headquarters. Buhari 's participation in July 1975 coup Then Lieutenant Colonel Buhari was among a group of officers ( led by Colonels Ibrahim Taiwo, Joseph Garba, Abdulahi Mohammed, Anthony Ochefu, Lieutenant Colonels Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Ibrahim Babangida and Alfred Aduloju ) who overthrew the Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon. Governor of North Eastern state This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2017 ) From 1 August 1975 to 3 February 1976, General Murtala Mohammed, appointed Buhari as Governor of the North - Eastern State, to oversee social, economic and political improvements in the state. Buhari also briefly served as Governor of Borno state from 3 February 1976 to 15 March 1976. On 3 February 1976, the North Eastern state was divided by the Military Government into Bauchi, Borno and Gongola states. In August 1991, Yobe state was created from Borno state, while Gongola state was split into two states, Taraba and Adamawa. In October 1996, Gombe State was created from Bauchi State. Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural resources In March 1976, the Head of State, General Olusegun Obasanjo, appointed Buhari as the Federal Commissioner ( position now called Minister ) for Petroleum and Natural Resources. When the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation was created in 1977, Buhari was also appointed as its Chairman, a position he held until 1978. During his tenure as Commissioner, 2.8 billion dollars allegedly went missing from the accounts of the NNPC in Midlands Bank in the United Kingdom. Former President Ibrahim Babangida allegedly accused Buhari of being responsible for this fraud. However, in the conclusion of the Crude Oil Sales Tribunal of Inquiry headed by Justice Ayo Irikefe to investigate allegations of 2.8 billion Dollars misappropriation from the NNPC account. The tribunal found no truth in the allegations even though it noticed some lapses in the NNPC accounts. During Buhari 's tenure as the Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources, the government invested in pipelines and petroleum storage infrastructures. The government built about 21 petroleum storage depots all over the country from Lagos to Maidugiuri and from Calabar to Gusau ; the administration constructed a pipeline network that connected Bonny terminal and the Port Harcourt refinery to the depots. Also, the administration signed the contract for the construction of a refinery in Kaduna and an oil pipeline that will connect the Escravos oil terminal to Warri Refinery and the proposed Kaduna refinery. Back in military Service From 1978 to 1979, he was Military Secretary at the Army Headquarters and was a member of the Supreme Military Council from 1978 to 1979. From 1979 to 1980, at the rank of colonel, Buhari ( class of 1980 ) attended the US Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in the United States, and gained a Masters Degree in Strategic Studies. Upon completion of the on - campus full - time resident program lasting ten months and the two - year - long, distance learning program, the United States Army War College ( USAWC ) college awards its graduate officers a master 's degree in Strategic Studies. Other roles include : General Officer Commanding, 4th Infantry Division, August 1980 -- January 1981 General Officer Commanding, 2nd Mechanised Infantry Division, January 1981 -- October 1981 General Officer Commanding, 3rd Armed Division Nigerian Army, October 1981 -- December 1983 Chadian military affair In 1983, when Chadian forces invaded Nigeria in the Borno State, Buhari used the forces under his command to chase them out of the country, crossing into Chadian territory in spite of an order given by President Shagari to withdraw. This 1983 Chadian military affair led to more than 100 victims and `` prisoners of war ''. December 1983 military coup Main article : 1983 Nigerian coup d'état Major - General Buhari was one of the leaders of the military coup of December 1983 that overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari. At the time of the coup plot, Buhari was the General Officer Commanding ( GOC ), Third Armored Division of Jos. With the successful execution of the coup by General Buhari, Tunde Idiagbon was appointed Chief of General Staff ( the de facto No. 2 in the administration ). The coup ended Nigeria 's short - lived Second Republic, a period of multi-party democracy started in 1979. According to The New York Times, the officers who took power argued that `` a flawed democracy was worse than no democracy at all ''. Buhari justified the military 's seizure of power by castigating the civilian government as hopelessly corrupt and promptly suspended Nigeria 's 1979 Constitution. Another rationale for the coup was to correct economic decline in Nigeria. Sani Abacha in the military 's first broadcast after the coup linked ' an inept and corrupt leadership ' with general economic decline. In Buhari 's New Year day speech, he too mentioned the corrupt class of the second republic but also as the cause of a general decline in morality in the society. Head of state ( 1983 -- 85 ) The structure of the new military leadership which was also the fifth in Nigeria since independence resembled the last military regime, the Obasanjo / Yaradua administration. The new regime established a Supreme Military Council, a Federal Executive Council and a Council of States. The number of ministries was trimmed to 18 while the administration carried out a retrenchment exercise among the senior ranks of the civil service and police. It retired 17 permanent secretaries and some senior police and naval officers. In addition, the new military administration promulgated new laws to achieve its aim. These laws included the Robbery and Firearms ( Special Provisions ) Decree for the prosecution of armed robbery cases, the State Security ( Detention of Person ) Decree which gave powers to the military to detain individuals suspected of jeopardizing state security or causing economic adversity. Other decrees included the Civil Service Commission and Public Offenders Decree which constituted the legal and administrative basis to conduct a purge in the civil service. Policies and initiatives Economic policy In order to reform the economy, as Head of State, Buhari started to rebuild the nation 's social - political and economic systems, along the realities of Nigeria 's austere economic conditions. The rebuilding included removing or cutting back the excesses in national expenditure, obliterating or removing completely, corruption from the nation 's social ethics, shifting from mainly public sector employment to self - employment. Buhari also encouraged import substitution industrialisation based to a great extent on the use of local materials. However, tightening of imports led to reduction in raw materials for industries causing many industries to operate below capacity. However, Buhari 's bid to re-balance public finances by curbing imports led to many job losses and the closure of businesses. Buhari broke ties with the International Monetary Fund, when the fund asked the government to devalue the naira by 60 %. However, the reforms that Buhari instigated on his own were as or more rigorous as those required by the IMF. On 7 May 1984, Buhari announced the country 's 1984 National Budget. The budget came with a series of complementary measures : A temporary ban on recruiting federal public sector workers Raising of Interest rates Halting Capital Projects Prohibition of borrowing by State governments 15 percent cut from Shagari 's 1983 Budget Realignment of import duties Reducing the balance of payment deficit by cutting imports It also gave priority to the importation of raw materials and spare parts that were needed for agriculture and industry. Other economic measures by Buhari took the form of counter trade, currency change, price reduction of goods and services. Buhari 's economic policies did not earn him the legitimacy of the masses due to the rise in inflation and the use of military might to continue to push many policies blamed for the rise in food prices. Foreign policy Buhari 's military government continued largely with the foreign policy it inherited from Shehu Shagari. In January 1984, in his new year broadcast speech, Buhari stated that he would maintain and enhance diplomatic relations with all countries and international organisations such as the OAU, UN, OPEC, ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. He also stated that he would honour all treaty obligations entered into by previous governments, which he did. Buhari 's foreign policy also focused on Africa, mostly Nigeria 's neighbours due to financial commitments. War on corruption Buhari mounted an offensive against entrenched interests. In 20 months as Head of State, about 500 politicians, officials and businessmen were jailed for corruption during his stewardship. Detainees were released after releasing sums to the government and agreeing to meet certain conditions. The Umaru Dikko Affair was another defining moment in Buhari 's military government. Umaru Dikko, a former Minister of Transportation under the previous civilian administration of President Shagari who fled the country shortly after the coup, was accused of embezzling $1 billion in oil profits. With the help of an alleged former Mossad agent, the NSO traced him to London, where operatives from Nigeria and Israel drugged and kidnapped him. They placed him in a plastic bag, which was subsequently hidden inside a crate labelled as `` Diplomatic Baggage ''. The purpose of this secret operation was to ship Dikko off to Nigeria on an empty Nigerian Airways Boeing 707, to stand trial for embezzlement. The plot was foiled by British airport officers. Buhari 's administration enacted three decrees to investigate corruption and control foreign exchange. The Banking ( Freezing of Accounts ) Decree of 1984, allotted to the Federal Military Government the power to freeze bank accounts of persons suspected to have committed fraud. The Recovery of Public Property ( Special Military Tribunals ) Decree permitted the government to investigate the assets of public officials linked with corruption and constitute a military tribunal to try such persons. The Exchange Control ( Anti-Sabotage ) Decree stated penalties for violators of foreign exchange laws. War against Indiscipline One of the most enduring legacies of the Buhari government has been the War Against Indiscipline ( WAI ). Launched on 20 March 1984, the policy tried to address the perceived lack of public morality and civic responsibility of Nigerian society. Unruly Nigerians were ordered to form neat queues at bus stops, under the eyes of whip - wielding soldiers. Civil servants who failed to show up on time at work were humiliated and forced to do `` frog jumps ''. Minor offences carried long sentences. Any student over the age of 17 caught cheating on an exam would get 21 years in prison. Counterfeiting and arson could lead to the death penalty. 53 suitcases SAGA Buhari 's administration was embroiled in a scandal concerning the fate of 53 suitcases with unknown contents. The suitcases were being transported by the Emir of Gwandu, whose son was Buhari 's aide - de-camp, and were cleared through customs on 10 June 1984 without inspection during his return flight from Saudi Arabia. Human rights According to Decree Number 2 of 1984, the state security and the chief of staff were given the power to detain, without charges, individuals deemed to be a security risk to the state for up to three months. Strikes and popular demonstrations were banned and Nigeria 's security agency, the National Security Organization ( NSO ) was entrusted with unprecedented powers. The NSO played a wide role in the cracking down of public dissent by intimidating, harassing and jailing individuals who broke the interdiction on strikes. By October 1984, about 200,000 civil servants were retrenched. The regime also jailed its critics, as in the case of Nigeria 's most popular artist and one time presidential contender, afro - beat singer Fela Kuti. He was arrested on 4 September 1984 at the airport as he was about to embark on an American tour. Amnesty International described the charges brought against him for illegally exporting foreign currency as `` spurious ''. Using the wide powers bestowed upon it by Decree Number 2, the government sentenced Fela to five years in prison. He was released after 18 months, when the Buhari government was toppled in a coup d'état. In 1984, Buhari passed Decree Number 4, the Protection Against False Accusations Decree, considered by scholars as the most repressive press law ever enacted in Nigeria. Section 1 of the law provided that `` Any person who publishes in any form, whether written or otherwise, any message, rumour, report or statement (... ) which is false in any material particular or which brings or is calculated to bring the Federal Military Government or the Government of a state or public officer to ridicule or disrepute, shall be guilty of an offense under this Decree ''. The law further stated that offending journalists and publishers will be tried by an open military tribunal, whose ruling would be final and unappealable in any court and those found guilty would be eligible for a fine not less than 10,000 naira and a jail sentence of up to two years. Tunde Thompson and Nduka Irabor of The Guardian were among the journalists who were tried under the decree. Decree 20 on illegal ship bunkering and drug trafficking was another example of Buhari 's tough approach to crime. Section 3 ( 2 ) ( K ) provided that `` any person who, without lawful authority deals in, sells, smokes or inhales the drug known as cocaine or other similar drugs, shall be guilty under section 6 ( 3 ) ( K ) of an offence and liable on conviction to suffer death sentence by firing squad. '' In the case of Bernard Ogedengebe, the Decree was applied retroactively. He was executed even if at the time of his arrest the crime did not mandate the capital punishment, but had carried a sentence of six months imprisonment. In another prominent case of April 1985, six Nigerians were condemned to death under the same decree : Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo and Gladys Iyamah. In 1985, prompted by economic uncertainties and a rising crime rate, the government of Buhari opened the borders ( closed since April 1984 ) with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon to speed up the expulsion of 700,000 illegal foreigners and illegal migrant workers. Buhari is today known for this crisis ; there even is a famine in the east of Niger that have been named `` El Buhari ''. His regime drew criticism from many, including Nigeria 's first Nobel Prize winner Wole Soyinka, who, in 2007, wrote a piece called `` The Crimes of Buhari '' which outlined many of the abuses conducted under his military rule. Ahead of the 2015 general election, Buhari responded to his human rights criticism by saying that if elected, he would follow the rule of law, and that there would be access to justice for all Nigerians and respect for fundamental human rights of Nigerians. 1985 coup and detention In August 1985, Major General Buhari was overthrown in a coup led by General Ibrahim Babangida and other members of the ruling Supreme Military Council ( SMC ). Babangida brought many of Buhari 's most vocal critics into his administration, including Fela Kuti 's brother Olikoye Ransome - Kuti, a doctor who had led a strike against Buhari to protest declining health care services. Buhari was then detained in Benin City until 1988. Buhari 's admirers believe that he was overthrown by corrupt elements in his government who were afraid of being brought to justice as his policies were beginning to yield tangible dividends in terms of public discipline, curbing corruption, lowering inflation, enhancing workforce and improving productivity. Ibrahim Babangida justified his coup d'état by saying that Buhari failed to deal with the country 's economic problems and promised `` to rejuvenate the economy ravaged by decades of government mismanagement and corruption ''. Buhari spent three years of detention in a small guarded bungalow in Benin. He had access to television that showed two channels and members of his family were allowed to visit him on the authorization of Babangida. In retirement Civilian life After his mother 's death, he was released in December 1988 and went into farming. While in detention, his farm was managed by his relatives. He divorced his first wife in 1988 and married Aisha Halilu. In Katsina, he became the pioneer chairman of Katsina Foundation that was founded to encourage social and economic development in Katsina State. Chairman of the Petroleum Trust Fund Buhari served as the Chairman of the Petroleum Trust Fund ( PTF ), a body created by the government of General Sani Abacha, and funded from the revenue generated by the increase in price of petroleum products, to pursue developmental projects around the country. A 1998 report in New African praised the PTF under Buhari for its transparency, calling it a rare `` success story ''. However, the same report also noted that critics had questioned the PTF 's allocation of 20 % of its resources to the military, which the critics feared would not be accountable for the revenue. Presidential campaigns and elections Buhari ( left ) with Governor Abiola Ajimobi ( right ) Buhari with former Vice President Atiku Abubakar ( left ) 2003 Presidential elections In 2003, Buhari ran for office in the presidential election as the candidate of the All Nigeria People 's Party ( ANPP ). He was defeated by the People 's Democratic Party nominee, President Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, by a margin of more than 11 million votes. 2007 Presidential elections On 18 December 2006, Gen. Buhari was nominated as the consensus candidate of the All Nigeria People 's Party. His main challenger in the April 2007 polls was the ruling PDP candidate, Umaru Yar'Adua, who hailed from the same home state of Katsina. In the election, Buhari officially took 18 % of the vote against 70 % for Yar'Adua, but Buhari rejected these results. After Yar'Adua took office, the ANPP agreed to join his government, but Buhari denounced this agreement. 2011 Presidential elections In March 2010, Buhari left the ANPP for the Congress for Progressive Change ( CPC ), a party that he had helped to found. He said that he had supported foundation of the CPC `` as a solution to the debilitating, ethical and ideological conflicts in my former party the ANPP ''. Buhari was the CPC Presidential candidate in 16 April 2011 general election, running against incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan of the People 's Democratic Party ( PDP ), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu of Action Congress of Nigeria ( ACN ), and Ibrahim Shekarau of ANPP. They were the major contenders among 20 contestants. He was campaigning on an anti-corruption platform and pledged to remove immunity protections from government officials. He also gave support to enforcement of Sharia law in Nigeria 's northern states, which had previously caused him political difficulties among Christian voters in the country 's south. The elections were marred by widespread sectarian violence, which claimed the lives of 800 people across the country, as Buhari 's supporters attacked Christian settlements in the country 's centre regions. The three - day uprising was blamed in part on Buhari 's inflammatory comments. In spite of assurances from Human Rights Watch, who had judged the elections as `` among the fairest in Nigeria 's history '', Buhari claimed that the poll was flawed and warned that `` If what happened in 2011 should again happen in 2015, by the grace of God, the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood ''. However, he remains a `` folk hero '' to some for his vocal opposition to corruption. Buhari won 12,214,853 votes, coming in second to the incumbent president Goodluck Jonathan of the PDP, who polled 22,495,187 votes and was declared the winner. 2015 Presidential elections Main article : Nigerian general election, 2015 Incoming and outgoing Nigerian Presidents at the inauguration ceremony In the runup to the 2015 Presidential elections, the campaign team of incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan asked for the disqualification of General Buhari from the election, claiming that he is in breach of the Constitution. According to the fundamental document, in order to qualify for election to the office of the President, an individual must be `` educated up to at least School certificate level or its equivalent ''. Buhari has failed to submit any such evidence, claiming that he lost the original copies of his diplomas when his house was raided following his overthrow from power in 1985. Buhari ran in the 2015 Presidential election as a candidate of the All Progressives Congress party. His platform was built around his image as a staunch anti-corruption fighter and his incorruptible and honest reputation. However, Buhari stated in an interview that he would not probe past corrupt leaders and that he would give officials who stole in the past amnesty, insofar as they repent. In January 2015, the insurgent group `` The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta '' ( MEND ) endorsed Buhari in the Presidential race, saying he is the best candidate to lead the country. Muhammadu Buhari 's campaign was briefly advised by former Obama campaign manager, David Axelrod, and his AKPD consultancy. In February 2015, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo quit the ruling PDP party and threw his support behind the Buhari / Osinbajo ticket. On 31 March, incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan called Buhari to offer his concession and congratulations for his election as president. Buhari was sworn in on 29 May 2015 in a ceremony attended by at least 23 Heads of State and Government. Abolishing the office of the first Lady In December 2014, Muhammadu Buhari went on the record to say he would abolish, scrap or ban the office of the First Lady if he was elected as President, saying that it was unconstitutional. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta ( MEND ), which endorsed Buhari for the 2015 general elections, commended Buhari for his plans, when elected as President, to scrap the so - called `` Office of the First Lady ''. MEND went on to say that the office of the first lady is obviously an irrelevant, fraudulent and unconstitutional office, whose only purpose is to further plunder the resources of the country. Since assuming the presidency on 29 May 2015, Buhari has yet to officially abolish, scrap or ban the office of the First Lady. Aisha Buhari operates from the office of the First Lady as `` wife of the President ''. Freedom of religion Buhari with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani during the Third GECF summit Previously, Buhari gave his support for the total implementation of Sharia in the country. He was quoted in 2001 as saying, `` I will continue to show openly and inside me the total commitment to the Sharia movement that is sweeping all over Nigeria '', he then added : `` God willing, we will not stop the agitation for the total implementation of the Sharia in the country. '' On 4 January 2015, while campaigning for the 2015 general election, Buhari stated that he favoured freedom of religion, that every Nigerian should be free and secure to practice their different religions. Buhari said, `` Religion must never be used as an excuse to divide us, oppress others or gain unfair advantage. All my life I have expressed the belief that all Nigerians must worship God according to their wish ''. Buhari has denied all allegations that he has a radical Islamist agenda. On 6 January 2015, Buhari said : `` Because they ca n't attack our record, they accuse me falsely of ethnic jingoism ; they accuse me falsely of religious fundamentalism. Because they can not attack our record, they accuse us falsely of calling for election violence -- when we have only insisted on peace. Even as Head of State, we never imposed Sha'riah. '' Presidency ( 2015 -- present ) Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Second presidency of Muhammadu Buhari. ( Discuss ) ( February 2018 ) Economy An attractive choice to many Nigerians because of a perceived incorruptible character. Once in power, Buhari who had earlier mobilized supporters in three previous elections was slow to manifest his intention to solve problems he mentioned during his campaign. Determination to initiate his domestic policy agenda like naming of cabinet officials took six months, while the passage of the 2016 and 2017 budgets were delayed by infighting In Buhari 's first year in office, Nigeria suffered a decline in commodity prices which triggered an economic recession. To source funds to close shortfall in revenue and fund an expansionary capital budget, Buhari traveled to 20 countries seeking loans. Thereby, expansionary budget allocation to finance infrastructure was pushed back to a further date. In the first year of the administration, Naira, the currency of Nigeria depreciated in the black market leading to a gulf between the official exchange rate and the black - market rate. A resulting shortage in foreign exchange hit various businesses including petroleum marketers. However, the gulf between the official rates and the black market rates opened up the opportunity for well connected individuals to engage in arbitrage making a mockery of the president 's anti-corruption image. In May, 2016, the government announced a rise in the official pump price of petroleum to curtail shortfall in the commodity as a result of foreign exchange shortages. In 2016, the country 's economy declined by 1.6 % and in 2017 per capital economic growth is projected to be negligible. Buhari 's first tenure as head of state coincided with a decline in oil prices similar to his second stint but his administration has not shown dedicated effort to diversify sources of government spending. The 2018 budget signaled an expansionary fiscal policy with funds dedicated to infrastructural projects such as strategic roads, bridges and power plants. Anti-corruption On 21 December 2016, the government 's Federal Ministry of Finance announced a whistle - blowing policy with a 2.5 % - 5 % reward. The aim is to obtain relevant data or information regarding : the violation of financial regulations ; the mismanagement of public funds and assets ; financial malpractice ; fraud ; and theft. Foreign policy Third GECF summit in Tehran, 22 May 2015 Buhari with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, 31 March 2016 Buhari described the military crackdown by the Myanmar Army and police on Rohingya Muslims as ethnic cleansing and warned of a disaster like the Rwandan genocide. Niger Delta In spite of roles played by the Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs and the Amnesty programme led by Usani Uguru Usani and Paul Boroh respectively, to ameliorate the conditions of the people 's lives and settle militant activities, they are still intermittent attacks on oil facilities by groups such as the Niger Delta Avengers. This has significantly affected oil production leading to cuts in exports and government revenue. The Avengers are waging conflict for greater economic and political autonomy. Plagiarism scandal In September 2016 President Buhari came under heavy criticism after a newspaper report found him using plagiarized speech during launching of a national re-orientation campaign tagged `` Change begins with me ''. The speech was later found to be lifted from the 2008 inaugural speech of former US President Barack Obama. The presidency later apologized and says the blunder was caused by `` overzealous staff '' and `` Those responsible '' will be sanctioned. However, week later a deputy director in the State House linked to the speech was redeployed and presidency assured Nigerian public that it has taken steps to avoid a repeat of such an embarrassing occurrence by providing digital tools in the State House that detect plagiarism, similar to those used by editors and academics around the world Boko Haram and Chibok girls See also : Boko Haram In October 2016, the government negotiated a deal with the terrorist group, Boko Haram which secured the release of 21 Chibok girls. By December 2016, the government had recovered much of the territories previously held by Boko Haram and after the capture of Sambisa Forest, Buhari announced that Boko Haram has been technically defeated. The insurgency displaced about 2 million people from their homes and the recapture of the towns now present humanitarian challenges in health, education and nutrition. On 6 May 2017, Buhari 's government secured a further release of 82 out of 276 girls kidnapped in 2014, in exchange of five Boko Haram leaders. On 7 May 2017, President Buhari met with the 82 released Chibok girls, before departing to London, UK, for a follow up treatment for an undisclosed illness. Health issues In May 2016, Buhari cancelled a two - day visit to Lagos to inaugurate projects in the state but he was represented by the Vice-President Yemi Osinbajo after citing an `` ear infection '' suspected to be Ménière 's disease. On 6 June, Buhari travelled to the United Kingdom to seek medical attention. This happened days after the Presidential Spokesman Femi Adesina was quoted as saying Buhari was `` as fit as fiddle '' and `` hale and hearty '', to much discontent and criticism from political analysts and followers. In February 2017, following what were described as `` routine medical check - ups '' in the UK, Buhari asked parliament to extend his medical leave to await test results. His office did not give any further details on his health condition nor the expected date of his return. On 8 February, President Buhari personally signed a letter addressed to the President of the Senate of Nigeria alerting him of a further extension to his annual leave, leaving his Vice President in charge. Following an absence of 51 days from office, President Buhari returned to Nigeria. He arrived at Kaduna Airport in the morning of March 10. Although information was limited during his stay in London, he was pictured on March 9 meeting the most senior cleric of the world Anglican congregation, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby. Vice President Yemi Osibanjo remained in charge as acting President, while the President continued to recover in Abuja. The President has missed major official and public appearances just two months following his return to office from England. Most recently he was absent from the Federal Executive Council ( FEC ) meeting, the worker 's day event held at the Eagle Square in Abuja on May Day 2017. Speculations about the President 's health circulated in the public sphere in the days following President Buhari 's wishes to `` work from home ''. Some prominent Nigerian figures urged the President to take a long - term medical leave, citing his failure to make any public appearances over a two - week period. President Buhari again left Nigeria for a reported health check - up in London on 7 May 2017. President Buhari returned to Nigeria from his medical leave in the United Kingdom 104 days after leaving, on August 19, 2017. 2019 re-election bid On 24th January, 2018, former president Obasanjo wrote a letter to president Buhari accusing his government of nepotism, while commending his war against corruption and lauding his achievements on Boko Haram. Obasanjo 's letter also included an appeal to president Buhari not to contest re-election in 2019 but to instead `` join the stock of Nigerian leaders whose experience, influence, wisdom, and outreach can be deployed on the sideline for the good of the country ''. Shrugging off opposition from a previous president, during a national executive council meeting on the morning of April, 9th 2018, President Buhari declared his intention to re-enter the presidential race in 2019 and seek a second term in office as a democratic leader. This came after much speculation by political players and members of the public about whether or not he was going to run, especially considering his rather late timing. Reactions to his announcement have been mixed, as many observers think this put a question to his integrity. Buhari said during the 2011 presidential campaigns under the CPC banner that he would never seek a re-election bid should he ever become president. Security challenges In 2012, Buhari 's name was included on a list published by Boko Haram of individuals it would trust to mediate between the group and the Federal Government. However, Buhari strongly objected and declined to mediate between the government and Boko Haram. In 2013, Muhammadu Buhari made a series of statements, when he asked the Federal Government to stop the killing of Boko Haram members and blamed the rise of the terrorist group on the prevalence of Niger Delta militants in the South. Buhari stated that `` what is responsible for the security situation in the country is caused by the activities of Niger Delta militants (... ) The Niger Delta militants started it all ''. He also questioned the special treatment including close to $500 million a year paid to 30,000 militants under the amnesty programme since 2013 by the Federal Government and deplored the fact that Boko Haram members were killed and their houses destroyed. In May 2014, in the wake of the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping, Buhari strongly denounced the Boko Haram insurgency. He `` urged Nigerians to put aside religion, politics and all other divisions to crush the insurgency he said is fanned by mindless bigots masquerading as Muslims ''. In July 2014, Buhari escaped a bomb attack on his life by Boko Haram in Kaduna, 82 people were killed. In December 2014, Buhari pledged to enhance security in Nigeria, if he wins the general elections on 14 February 2015, which were later rescheduled for 28 March 2015. Since this announcement, Buhari 's approval ratings reportedly have skyrocketed amongst the Nigerian people ( largely due to the incumbent Goodluck Jonathan 's apparent inability to fight Boko Haram 's brutal insurgency ). Buhari has now made internal security and wiping out the militant group one of the key pillars of his campaigning. Personal life In 1971, Buhari married his first wife, Safinatu ( née Yusuf ) Buhari ( First lady of Nigeria December 1983 -- August 1985 ). They had five children together, four girls and one boy. Their first daughter, Zulaihat ( Zulai ) was named after Buhari 's mother. Their other children are Fatima, Musa ( deceased son ), Hadiza, and Safinatu. In 1988, Buhari and his first wife Safinatu divorced. In December 1989, Buhari married his second and current wife Aisha Buhari ( née Halilu ). They also had five children together, a boy and four girls : Aisha, Halima, Yusuf, Zahra and Amina. On 14 January 2006, Safinatu Buhari, the former first lady, died from complications of diabetes. She was buried at Unguwar Rimi cemetery in accordance with Islamic rites. In November 2012, Buhari 's first daughter, Zulaihat ( née Buhari ) Junaid died from sickle cell anaemia, two days after having a baby at a hospital in Kaduna. Awards Major - General Buhari ( Rtd. ) has received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they include : Congo Medal ( CM ) Defence Service Medal ( DSM ) General Service Medal ( GSM ) Global Seal of Integrity ( GSOI ) Gran Collar De La Orden De La Independencia translated as Grand Collar of the Order of the Independence was conferred on Buhari by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea at the Presidential Palace on 14 March 2016 Grand Commander of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ( GCFR ) Loyal Service and Good Conduct Medal ( LSGCM ) National Service Medal ( NSM ) See also Biography portal Nigeria portal Politics portal References ^ Jump up to : `` Muhammadu Buhari Presidential Candidate ''. thisisbuhari.com. Retrieved 8 February 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Muhammad Buhari ''. Enyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2015. Cite error : Invalid < ref > tag ; name `` Muhammad Buhari '' defined multiple times with different content ( see the help page ). ^ Jump up to : Paden, John ( 2016 ). 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Jump up ^ Stop Killing Boko Haram Members -- Buhari Tells FG. pointblanknews.com ( 2 June 2013 ) Jump up ^ `` Why we 're yet to crush Boko Haram -- Jonathan ''. vanguardngr.com. 13 December 2014. Jump up ^ Has Nigeria 's Niger Delta managed to buy peace ? -- BBC News. Bbc.co.uk ( 1 May 2013 ). Retrieved on 2016 - 11 - 04. Jump up ^ Ajasa, Femi. ( 8 May 2014 ) BUHARI TO BOKO HARAM : You 're bigots masquerading as Muslims -- Vanguard News. Vanguardngr.com. Retrieved on 2016 - 11 - 04. Jump up ^ Muhammed, Garba. ( 24 July 2014 ) Suicide bombs in Nigeria 's Kaduna kill 82, ex-leader Buhari targeted Reuters. Uk.reuters.com. Retrieved on 2016 - 11 - 04. Jump up ^ Nigeria Opposition Leader Vows to Improve Security. Voanews.com ( 12 December 2014 ). Retrieved on 2016 - 11 - 04. ^ Jump up to : General Muhammadu Buhari and his late wife, Safinatu. naijarchives.com ( 3 April 2015 ) Jump up ^ `` General Muhammad Buhari loses 40 year old daughter, Zulai Buhari - Junaid to sickle cell ''. FAB Magazine Online. 1 December 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2015. Sources Graf, William ( 1988 ). The Nigerian state : Political economy, state class, and political system in the post-colonial era. London : James Currey. ISBN 0 - 85255 - 313 - 7. Momoh, H.B ( 2000 ). The Nigerian Civil War, 1967 -- 1970 : history and reminiscences. Ibadan : Sam Bookman Publishers =. ISBN 978 - 2165 - 96 - 4. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammadu Buhari. Official website 2011 Presidential Election Campaign website Appearances on C - SPAN Muhammadu Buhari -- In a HARDtalk interview on 21 January 2004 Political offices Preceded by Shehu Shagari as President of Nigeria Chair of the Supreme Military Council of Nigeria 1983 -- 1985 Succeeded by Ibrahim Babangida as Chair of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria Preceded by Goodluck Jonathan President of Nigeria 2015 -- present Incumbent Muhammadu Buhari President of Nigeria ( 2015 -- present ) Military Head of State of Nigeria ( 1983 -- 1985 ) Governor of the Northeastern State ( 1975 -- 1976 ) Born 17 December 1942 Leadership 1983 coup d'état Military Governors 2015 inauguration Cabinet International Trips Elections Nigerian presidential election, 2003 Nigerian general election, 2007 Nigerian presidential election, 2011 Nigerian general election, 2015 Family Aisha Buhari ( spouse ) Muhammadu Ribadu ( grandfather - in - law ) Eponyms Buharism Category : Muhammadu Buhari Articles related to Muhammadu Buhari Heads of State of Nigeria Queen ( 1960 -- 1963 ) Elizabeth II President of the First Republic ( 1963 -- 1966 ) Azikiwe Military regime ( 1966 -- 1979 ) Aguiyi - Ironsi Gowon Mohammed Obasanjo President of the Second Republic ( 1979 -- 1983 ) Shehu Shagari Military regime ( 1983 -- 1999 ) Buhari Babangida Shonekan ( interim ) * Abacha Abubakar President of the Fourth Republic ( from 1999 ) Obasanjo Yar'Adua Jonathan Buhari * civilian ; headed transition to abortive Third Republic Governors of North - Eastern and Borno State North - Eastern State Musa Usman Muhammadu Buhari Borno State Mustapha Amin Tunde Idiagbon Mohammed Goni Asheik Jarma Abubakar Waziri Abdulmumini Aminu Abdul One Mohammed Mohammed Maina Mohammed Buba Marwa Maina Maaji Lawan Ibrahim Dada Victor Ozodinobi Augustine Aniebo Lawal Haruna Mala Kachalla Ali Modu Sheriff Kashim Shettima Military Governors in Nigeria during the Olusegun Obasanjo regime ( 13 February 1976 -- 1 October 1979 ) Anambra John Kpera Datti Abubakar Bauchi Mohammed Kaliel Garba Duba Bendel Husaini Abdullahi Abubakar Waziri Benue Abdullahi Shelleng Adebayo Lawal Borno Muhammadu Buhari Mustapha Amin Tunde Idiagbon Cross River Paul Omu Babatunde Elegbede Gongola Mohammed Jega Abdul Rahman Mamudu Imo Ndubuisi Kanu Adekunle Lawal Sunday Ajibade Adenihun Kaduna Muktar Muhammed Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa Kano Ishaya Shekari Kwara George Agbazika Innih Sunday Ifere Lagos Adekunle Lawal Ndubuisi Kanu Ebitu Ukiwe Niger Murtala Nyako Ebitu Ukiwe Joseph Oni Ogun Saidu Ayodele Balogun Harris Eghagha Ondo Ita David Ikpeme Sunday Tuoyo Oyo David Jemibewon Paul Tarfa Plateau Dan Suleiman Joshua Anaja Rivers Suleiman Saidu Sokoto Umaru Mohammed Gado Nasko See also Military Governors in Nigeria during the Murtala Muhammed regime ( 1975 - 1976 ) and State governors in the Nigerian Second Republic ( 1979 - 1983 ) Military Governors of Nigerian States under General Murtala Muhammed ( July 1975 - February 1976 ) Benue - Plateau State Colonel Abdullahi Mohammed East - Central State Colonel Anthony Ochefu Kano State Lt - Colonel Sani Bello Kwara State Colonel Ibrahim Taiwo Lagos State Navy Captain Adekunle Lawal Mid-West State Colonel George Agbazika Innih North - Central State Lt - Colonel Usman Jibrin North - Eastern State Lt - Colonel Muhammadu Buhari North - Western State Lt - Colonel Umaru Mohammed Rivers State Lt - Colonel Zamani Lekwot South - Eastern State Lt - Colonel Paul Omu Western State Navy Captain Akintunde Aduwo Colonel David Jemibewon See also Military Governors in Nigeria during the Yakubu Gowon regime ( 1967 - 1975 ) and Military Governors in Nigeria during the Olusegun Obasanjo regime ( 1976 -- 1979 ) Candidates in the 2007 Nigerian presidential election Umaru Yar'Adua Muhammadu Buhari Atiku Abubakar Orji Uzor Kalu Attahiru Bafarawa Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Pere Ajuwa Chris Okotie Patrick Utomi Ambrose Owuru Emmanuel Okereke Lawrence Adedoyin Habu Fari Maxi Okwu Bartholomew Nnaji Emmanuel Obayuwana Olapade Agoro Mojisola Obasanjo Heads of state of OPEC member states Bouteflika Lourenço Moreno Obiang Bongo Khamenei Masum Sabah Sarraj Buhari Tamim Salman Khalifa Maduro Acting heads of state shown in italics. Leaders of the Next Eleven economies Hasina el - Sisi Jokowi Rouhani Peña Nieto Buhari Abbasi Duterte Moon Erdoğan Phúc VIAF : 52967503 LCCN : n79094087 GND : 1152234536 SELIBR : 406403 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammadu_Buhari&oldid=839326069 '' Categories : Muhammadu Buhari 1942 births All Nigeria Peoples Party politicians All Progressives Congress politicians Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2003 Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2007 Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2011 Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2015 Leaders ousted by a coup Leaders who took power by coup Living people Nigerian Defence Academy alumni Nigerian Fula people Nigerian generals Nigerian military governors Nigerian Muslims Nigerian revolutionaries Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup Participants in the 1975 Nigerian military coup Participants in the 1983 Nigerian military coup Participants of coups in Nigeria People from Katsina State Petroleum ministers of Nigeria Politicians from Katsina Presidents of Nigeria Ribadu family United States Army War College alumni Hidden categories : Pages with reference errors Pages with duplicate reference names All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2016 CS1 maint : Unfit url Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors : dates EngvarB from May 2016 Use dmy dates from November 2016 Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters Articles needing additional references from December 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles to be split from February 2018 All articles to be split Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Afrikaans Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Hausa Hrvatski Ido Igbo Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Latina Lëtzebuergesch Magyar मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Português Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Yorùbá 中文 41 more Edit links This page was last edited on 2 May 2018, at 18 : 21. 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Question: what is the full name of nigeria president
Answer: Muhammadu Buhari