The New Colossus - wikipedia The New Colossus This article is about the Emma Lazarus sonnet. For the 2017 video game, see Wolfenstein II : The New Colossus. The New Colossus Emma Lazarus 's manuscript Created 1883 Location Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island, New York City, New York, U.S. Author ( s ) Emma Lazarus Purpose To raise money for the statue 's pedestal 's construction `` The New Colossus '' is a sonnet that American poet Emma Lazarus ( 1849 -- 1887 ) wrote in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty. In 1903, the poem was cast onto a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal 's lower level. Contents 1 History of the poem 2 Contents 3 Influence 4 References 5 External links History of the poem The Statue of Liberty in New York City This poem was written as a donation to an auction of art and literary works conducted by the `` Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty '' to raise money for the pedestal 's construction. Lazarus 's contribution was solicited by fundraiser William Maxwell Evarts. Initially she refused but writer Constance Cary Harrison convinced her that the statue would be of great significance to immigrants sailing into the harbor. `` The New Colossus '' was the first entry read at the exhibit 's opening on November 2, 1883. It remained associated with the exhibit through a published catalog until the exhibit closed after the pedestal was fully funded in August 1885, but was forgotten and played no role at the opening of the statue in 1886. It was, however, published in Joseph Pulitzer 's New York World as well as The New York Times during this time period. In 1901, Lazarus 's friend Georgina Schuyler began an effort to memorialize Lazarus and her poem, which succeeded in 1903 when a plaque bearing the text of the poem was put on the inner wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. On the plaque hanging inside the Statue of Liberty, the line `` Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp ! '' is missing a comma, and reads in Lazarus 's manuscript `` Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp ! '' since its unveiling in 1903. The plaque also describes itself as an engraving ; it is actually a casting. The original manuscript is held by the American Jewish Historical Society. Contents The Colossus of Rhodes, as depicted in an artist 's impression of 1880 Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land ; Here at our sea - washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name MOTHER OF EXILES. From her beacon - hand Glows world - wide welcome ; her mild eyes command The air - bridged harbor that twin cities frame. `` Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp ! '' cries she With silent lips. `` Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest - tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door ! '' The poem is a Petrarchan sonnet. The title of the poem and the first two lines refer to the Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, sometimes described as standing astride the harbor. The `` sea - washed, sunset gates '' are the mouths of the Hudson and East Rivers, to the west of Brooklyn. The `` imprisoned lightning '' refers to the electric light in the torch, then a novelty. The `` air - bridged harbor that twin cities frame '' refers to New York Harbor between New York City and Brooklyn, which were consolidated into one unit in 1898, 15 years after the poem was written. The `` huddled masses '' are the many immigrants coming to the United States ( many of them through Ellis Island at the port of New York ). Influence Bronze plaque inside the Statue of Liberty Paul Auster wrote that `` Bartholdi 's gigantic effigy was originally intended as a monument to the principles of international republicanism, but ' The New Colossus ' reinvented the statue 's purpose, turning Liberty into a welcoming mother, a symbol of hope to the outcasts and downtrodden of the world. '' John T. Cunningham wrote that `` The Statue of Liberty was not conceived and sculpted as a symbol of immigration, but it quickly became so as immigrant ships passed under the torch and the shining face, heading toward Ellis Island. However, it was ( Lazarus 's poem ) that permanently stamped on Miss Liberty the role of unofficial greeter of incoming immigrants. '' The poem has entered the political realm. It was quoted in John F. Kennedy 's book A Nation of Immigrants ( 1958 ) as well as a 2010 political speech by President Obama advocating immigration policy reform. On August 2, 2017, the poem and its importance to the Statue of Liberty 's symbolism, and thus the effect on American immigration policy, was debated in a White House briefing. Classical composer David Ludwig set the poem to music, which was performed at the worship service of President Obama 's 2013 inauguration ceremony. Author and scholar Julia Gordon - Bramer theorizes that Sylvia Plath 's poem, `` Lady Lazarus, '' is about the Statue of Liberty and Lazarus in her book, Fixed Stars Govern a Life : Decoding Sylvia Plath, volume one ( 2014, Stephen F. Austin State University Press ). Parts of the poem also appear in popular culture. The Broadway musical Miss Liberty, with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin, an immigrant himself, used the final stanza beginning `` Give me your tired, your poor '' as the basis for a song. It was also read in the 1941 film Hold Back the Dawn as well as being recited by the heroine in Alfred Hitchcock 's wartime film Saboteur. Harpist and singer Joanna Newsom indirectly references the poem in her 2015 song `` Sapokanikan, '' in contrast to the forbidding colossus of Percy Bysshe Shelley 's Ozymandias. The poem is read aloud in the eponymous episode, `` New Colossus '', in the 2016 Netflix web series The OA. References Jump up ^ `` Statue of Liberty National Monument ''. US : National Park Service. 2007 - 12 - 31. Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 24. Jump up ^ Lazarus, Emma, The New Colossus, Liberty State Park Jump up ^ Sutherland, Cara A ( 2003 ), The Statue of Liberty : The Museum of the City of New York, Barnes & Noble, p. 77, ISBN 0 - 7607 - 3890 - 4, auction of art and literary work ; Mark Twain also contributed. ^ Jump up to : Young, Bette Roth ( 1997 ), Emma Lazarus in Her World : Life and Letters, The Jewish Publication Society, p. 3, ISBN 0 - 8276 - 0618 - 4,... fell into obscurity. At the unveiling of the statue (... ) both Emma and her sonnet were absent (... ) Georgina Schuyler set in motion a successful attempt to memorialize her friend by placing the poem, inscribed on a bronze tablet, inside the pedestal.... Jump up ^ Felder, Deborah G ; Rosen, Diana L ( 2003 ), Fifty Jewish Women Who Changed the World, Citadel, p. 45, ISBN 0 - 8065 - 2443 - X,... William Maxwell Evert ( sic ; presumably a misspelling of `` William Maxwell Evarts ) asked (... ) Lazarus (... ) to compose original works (... ) who (... ) refused (... ) until (... ) Constance Cary Harrison (... ) suggested that she consider what the statue would mean to the thousand of immigrants who would see it as they sailed into New York.... Jump up ^ `` Image - Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty Catalogue ''. Jump up ^ `` The Statue of Liberty - Engineering, Construction, and Crossing the Atlantic ''. Jump up ^ `` National Park Service - Statue of Liberty - Emma Lazarus ''. Jump up ^ Shapiro, Gary ( 2006 - 12 - 08 ). `` Misprint is spied in Lazarus poem at Liberty island ''. The New York Sun. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 08. Jump up ^ Roberts, Sam ( 2011 ), `` How a Sonnet Made a Statue the ' Mother of Exiles ' '', New York Times, retrieved 2013 - 11 - 21 Jump up ^ Auster, Paul ( 2005 ), `` NYC = USA '', Collected Prose : Autobiographical Writings, True Stories, Critical Essays, Prefaces, and Collaborations with Artists, Picador, p. 508, ISBN 0 - 312 - 42468 - X. Jump up ^ Cunningham, John T ( 2003 ), Ellis Island : Immigration 's Shining Center, Arcadia Publishing, pp. 46 -- 48, ISBN 0 - 7385 - 2428 - X. ^ Jump up to : McGill, Meredith L. ( 2008 ). The Traffic in Poems : Nineteenth - century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange. Rutgers University Press. p. 118. Jump up ^ Jackson, David ( July 1, 2010 ). `` Obama edits Emma Lazarus poem on Statue of Liberty ''. The Oval. USA Today. Retrieved July 15, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Trump aide dismisses Statue of Liberty `` huddled masses '' poem ``. CBS News. CBS News. August 3, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Curtis Part of Inauguration Day Ceremonies ''. Retrieved March 12, 2017. Jump up ^ Esther Schor, Emma Lazarus, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group - 2008, page 255 Jump up ^ Hicks, Michael ( 2015 - 11 - 08 ). `` '' ' The text will not yield ' : Fleeting Tesserae in Joanna Newsom 's Sapokanikan `` ''. Medium. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 09. Jump up ^ `` The OA Recap : Yearning to Breathe Free ''. Vulture. Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 17. External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : The New Colossus Lazarus, Emma, `` The new Colossus '', A Century of Immigration, 1820 -- 1924 ( handwritten ) ( sonnet ), Library of Congress. The latter page says `` Courtesy of the American Jewish Historical Society, New York and Newton Centre, Massachusetts ''. The poem itself, having been published in 1883 or at the very latest 1903 is in the public domain -- -- --, Schor, Esther, ed., The New Colossus ( interactive ed. ), Nextbook Press. Manuscript notebook from the Emma Lazarus collection at the American Jewish Historical Society. Includes an undated manuscript version of `` The New Colossus. '' Cavitch, Max ( 2008 ). `` Emma Lazarus and the Golem of Liberty. '' In The Traffic in Poems : Nineteenth - Century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange. Ed. Meredith L. McGill. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press. 97 - 122. Marom, Daniel ( 2000 ). `` Who is the ' Mother of Exiles ' ? An Inquiry into Jewish Aspects of Emma Lazarus 's ' The New Colossus ' ''. Prooftexts. 20 ( 3 ) : 231 -- 61. doi : 10.1353 / ptx. 2000.0020. Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World Creators Édouard René de Laboulaye, originator Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor Gustave Eiffel, builder Eiffel company Eugène Secrétan, donated copper Location Statue of Liberty National Monument Liberty Island Musée des Arts et Métiers, original statue Former locations Right arm and torch Centennial Exposition, 1876 Madison Square Park, 1876 - 1882 Head Paris World 's Fair, 1878 Replicas Île aux Cygnes Flame of Liberty Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Fayetteville, Arkansas Pine Bluff, Arkansas Overview Park, Kansas Legacy In popular culture `` The New Colossus '' ( 1883 sonnet ) Working on the Statue of Liberty ( 1946 painting ) Miss Liberty ( 1949 musical ) The Statue of Liberty ( 1985 documentary ) Statue of Liberty play ( American football ) Liberty Weekend, 1986 Liberty Fanfare Medal of Liberty Statue of Liberty Forever stamp American Platinum Eagle coin Presidential $1 Coin Program Related Conservation - restoration of the Statue of Liberty Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia Libertas Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Colossus&oldid=856181496 '' Categories : 1883 poems American poems Sonnets Statue of Liberty Jewish American literature Works about immigration to the United States Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Deutsch فارسی Français Italiano Norsk Polski Português Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 23 August 2018, at 12 : 24 ( UTC ). 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Question: who wrote the poem that is engraved on the pedestal of the statue of liberty
Answer: Emma Lazarus