Agra - Wikipedia Agra This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh India. For its namesake district, see Agra district. For other uses, see Agra ( disambiguation ). Agra Metropolitan City Taj Mahal in Agra Nickname ( s ) : Akbarabad ; The Taj City Agra Agra Show map of Uttar Pradesh Show map of India Show all Coordinates : 27 ° 11 ′ N 78 ° 01 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.18 ° N 78.02 ° E ﻿ / 27.18 ; 78.02 Coordinates : 27 ° 11 ′ N 78 ° 01 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.18 ° N 78.02 ° E ﻿ / 27.18 ; 78.02 Country India State Uttar Pradesh Division Agra District Agra Government Type Municipal Corporation Body Agra Municipal Corporation Mayor Indrajeet Balmiki ( BJP ) Divisional Commissioner K. Ram Mohan Rao, IAS District Magistrate Gaurav Dayal, IAS Inspector General, Agra Range Mutha Ashok Jain, IPS Senior Superintendent of Police Dinesh Chandra Dubey, IPS Elevation 171 m ( 561 ft ) Population ( 2011 ) Metropolitan City 1,585,704 Rank 24th Metro 1,760,285 Time zone IST ( UTC + 5 : 30 ) PIN 282 X Telephone code 0562 Vehicle registration UP - 80 Website Official District Website Agra ( / ˈɑːɡrə / ( listen ) ; Āgrā ) is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 378 kilometres ( 235 mi ) west of the state capital, Lucknow, 206 kilometres ( 128 mi ) south of the national capital New Delhi and 125 kilometres ( 78 mi ) north of Gwalior. Agra is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh, and the 24th most populous in India. Agra is a major tourist destination because of its many Mughal - era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Agra is included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Jaipur ; and the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc, tourist circuit of UP state, along Lucknow the capital of the state and Varanasi. Agra falls within the Braj cultural region. The city was first mentioned in the epic Mahābhārata, where it was called Agrevaṇa ( derived from Sanskrit ( अग्रेवण ) meaning `` the border of the forest '' ).. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa 'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sultan Sikandar Lodī ( 1488 -- 1517 ) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in 1517 and his son, Ibrāhīm Lodī, remained in power there for nine more years and several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period. Finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. Between 1540 and 1556, Afghans, beginning with Sher Shah Suri ruled the area. It was the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1658. Contents 1 Climate 2 Population 2.1 Demographics 2.2 Religion 3 History 3.1 Origins 3.2 Mughal era 3.3 Later periods 3.4 Legacies 4 Administration and politics 4.1 Administration 4.1. 1 General Administration 4.1. 2 Police Administration 4.1. 3 Infrastructure and Civic Administration 4.2 Politics 5 Transport 5.1 Air 5.2 Rail 5.2. 1 Railway stations 5.2. 2 Agra - Delhi Semi-High Speed Train 5.3 Road 5.4 Local transport 5.5 Metro 6 Monumental Mughal legacy 6.1 Tāj Mahal 6.2 Agra Fort 6.3 Fatehpur Sikri 6.4 I'timād - Ud - Daulah 6.5 Akbar 's Tomb, Sikandra 6.6 Jamā Masjid 6.7 Chīnī kā Rauza 6.8 Rām Bāgh 6.9 Mariam 's Tomb 6.10 Mehtāb Bāgh 6.11 Keetham Lake 6.12 Mughal Heritage Walk 7 Other Places of interest 7.1 Mankameshwar Temple 7.2 Indrabhan Girls ' Inter College 7.3 Gurudwara Guru ka Taal 7.4 The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception 7.5 Paliwal Park ( Hewitt Park ) 8 Economy 8.1 Property 8.2 Future projects 9 Development 10 Education 10.1 Universities and colleges 11 Media 11.1 Radio stations 12 Fairs and festivals 12.1 Taj Mahotsav 12.2 Ram Barat 12.3 Taj Literature Festival 12.4 Kailash Fair 12.5 Gangaur Fair 12.6 Taj Municipal Museum in Paliwal Park Agra 13 Notable individuals 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links Climate Main article : Climate of Agra Agra features a semiarid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Agra featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a humid subtropical climate. Climate data for Agra, India Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 33.0 ( 91.4 ) 35.6 ( 96.1 ) 42.8 ( 109 ) 46.5 ( 115.7 ) 48.6 ( 119.5 ) 48.5 ( 119.3 ) 46.5 ( 115.7 ) 43.0 ( 109.4 ) 41.4 ( 106.5 ) 41.1 ( 106 ) 36.1 ( 97 ) 31.0 ( 87.8 ) 48.6 ( 119.5 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 22.3 ( 72.1 ) 25.2 ( 77.4 ) 32.0 ( 89.6 ) 38.5 ( 101.3 ) 41.6 ( 106.9 ) 40.7 ( 105.3 ) 35.2 ( 95.4 ) 33.7 ( 92.7 ) 34.4 ( 93.9 ) 34.3 ( 93.7 ) 29.7 ( 85.5 ) 24.0 ( 75.2 ) 32.6 ( 90.7 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 15.1 ( 59.2 ) 17.8 ( 64 ) 24.0 ( 75.2 ) 30.5 ( 86.9 ) 34.0 ( 93.2 ) 34.6 ( 94.3 ) 31.1 ( 88 ) 29.6 ( 85.3 ) 29.4 ( 84.9 ) 27.0 ( 80.6 ) 21.7 ( 71.1 ) 16.6 ( 61.9 ) 26.0 ( 78.8 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 8.0 ( 46.4 ) 10.4 ( 50.7 ) 15.9 ( 60.6 ) 22.3 ( 72.1 ) 26.4 ( 79.5 ) 28.5 ( 83.3 ) 26.8 ( 80.2 ) 25.8 ( 78.4 ) 24.4 ( 75.9 ) 19.9 ( 67.8 ) 13.7 ( 56.7 ) 9.1 ( 48.4 ) 19.3 ( 66.7 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) − 2.2 ( 28 ) − 1.7 ( 28.9 ) 5.6 ( 42.1 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 14.0 ( 57.2 ) 12.0 ( 53.6 ) 14.5 ( 58.1 ) 12.0 ( 53.6 ) 13.0 ( 55.4 ) 9.4 ( 48.9 ) 2.8 ( 37 ) − 0.6 ( 30.9 ) − 2.2 ( 28 ) Average rainfall mm ( inches ) 13.2 ( 0.52 ) 17.6 ( 0.693 ) 9.3 ( 0.366 ) 6.3 ( 0.248 ) 11.3 ( 0.445 ) 55.7 ( 2.193 ) 203.3 ( 8.004 ) 243.2 ( 9.575 ) 129.7 ( 5.106 ) 24.8 ( 0.976 ) 4.3 ( 0.169 ) 6.1 ( 0.24 ) 724.8 ( 28.535 ) Average rainy days ( ≥ 1.0 mm ) 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.0 4.7 13.6 13.7 6.5 1.5 0.6 0.8 49.2 Average relative humidity ( % ) 64 55 45 35 34 46 72 77 67 54 56 64 56 Source # 1 : NOAA ( 1971 -- 1990 ), World Meteorological Organization ( precipitation 1901 -- 2000 ) Source # 2 : India Meteorological Department ( records ) Population Demographics See also : List of cities in Uttar Pradesh As of 2011 India census, Agra city has a population of 1,585,704, while the population of Agra cantonment is 53,053. The urban agglomeration of Agra has a population of 1,760,285. Males constitute 53 % of the population and females 47 %. Agra city has an average literacy rate of 75.11 %, above the national average of 74 %. Literacy rate of males is considerably higher than that of women. The sex ratio in the city was 875 females per thousand males while child sex ratio stood at 857. Agra district literacy rate is 62.56 %. According to the 2011 census, Agra district has a population of 4,380,793, roughly equal to the nation of Moldova or the US state of Kentucky. This gives it a ranking of 41st in India ( out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 1,084 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 2,810 / sq mi ). 52.5 % of Agra 's population is in the 15 -- 59 years age category. Around 11 % of the population is under 6 years of age. Religions in Agra Religion Percent Hindus 80.68 % Muslims 15.37 % Not Stated 1.66 % Jains 1.04 % Sikh 0.62 % Christian 0.42 % Buddhist 0.19 % Others 0.02 % Distribution of religions Religion Hindus are 88.77 % and Muslims 9.30 % of the population in Agra district. Hinduism, Islam and Jainism are the major religions in Agra city with 80.68 %, 15.37 % viz. 1.04 % of the population adhering to them ; others are 1.5 %. The Catholic minority is served by its own Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra. History Origins It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan 's death, the city passed on to his son, Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah ( emperor ) Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526. Mughal era 300pxThe Red fort, Agra, c. 1820 The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabād and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Badshahs ( emperors ) Akbar, Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. Akbar made it the eponymous seat of one of his original twelve subahs ( imperial top - level provinces ), bordering ( Old ) Delhi, Awadh ( Oudh ), Allahabad, Malwa and Ajmer subahs. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1649. Since Akbarabād was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arām Bāgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar the Great raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a centre for learning, arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabād called Fatehpūr Sikrī. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone. Kos Minar # 793 at 12 mile on Agra - Fatehpur Sikri Road section of National Highway 21 His son Jahāngīr had a love of flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Lāl Qil'a. Shāh Jahān, known for his keen interest in architecture, gave Akbarabād its most prized monument, the Tāj Mahal. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtāz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653. Shāh Jahān later shifted the capital to Delhi during his reign, but his son Aurangzeb moved the capital back to Akbarabād, usurping his father and imprisoning him in the Fort there. Akbarabād remained the capital of India during the rule of Aurangzeb until he shifted it to Aurangabad in the Deccan in 1653. Later periods After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the city came under the influence of Marathas and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the British Raj in 1803. Agra, Main Street, c. 1858 Map of the city, ca 1914 In 1835 when the Presidency of Agra was established by the British, the city became the seat of government, and just two years later it was witness to the Agra famine of 1837 -- 38. During the Indian rebellion of 1857 British rule across India was threatened, news of the rebellion had reached Agra on 11 May and on 30 May two companies of native infantry, the 44th and 67th regiments, rebelled and marched to Delhi. The next morning native Indian troops in Agra were forced to disarm, on 15 June Gwalior ( which lies south of Agra ) rebelled. By 3 July, the British were forced to withdraw into the fort. Two days later a small British force at Sucheta were defeated and forced to withdraw, this led to a mob sacking the city. However, the rebels moved onto Delhi which allowed the British to restore order by 8 July. Delhi fell to the British in September, the following month rebels who had fled Delhi along with rebels from Central India marched on Agra but were defeated. After this British rule was again secured over the city until the independence of India in 1947. Legacies Agra is the birthplace of the religion known as Dīn - i Ilāhī, which flourished during the reign of Akbar and also of the Radhaswami Faith, which has around two million followers worldwide. Agra has historic linkages with Shauripur of Jainism and Runukta of Hinduism, of 1000 BC. The Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Administration and politics Administration General Administration Agra division which consists of four districts, and is headed by the Divisional Commissioner of Agra, who is an IAS officer of high seniority, the Commissioner is the head of local government institutions ( including Municipal Corporations ) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division. The District Magistrate of Agra reports to the Divisional Commissioner. The current Commissioner is K. Ram Mohan Rao. Agra district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Agra, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the city. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city, hence the SSP of Agra also reports to the DM of Agra. The DM is assisted by a Chief Development Officer ( CDO ), six Additional District Magistrates ( ADM ) ( Finance / Revenue, City, Administration, Land Acquisition, Civil Supply, Protocol ), one City Magistrate ( CM ) and three Additional City Magistrates ( ACM ). The district has six tehsils viz. Sadar, Etmadapur, Kirawali, Fatehabad, Khairagarh and Bah, each headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate. The current DM is Gaurav Dayal. Police Administration Agra district comes under the Agra Police Zone and Agra Police Range, Agra Zone is headed by an Additional Director General ranked IPS officer, and the Agra Range is headed Inspector General ranked IPS officer. The current ADG, Agra Zone is Ajay Ananad, and IG, Agra Range is Mutha Ashok Jain. The district police is headed by a Senior Superintendent of Police ( SSP ), who is an IPS officer, and is assisted by six Superintendents of Police ( SP ) / Additional Superintendents of Police ( Addl. SP ) ( City, East, West, Crime, Traffic, and Protocol ), who are either IPS officers or PPS officers. Each of the several police circles is headed by a Circle Officer ( CO ) in the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police. The current SSP is Dinesh Chand Dubey. Infrastructure and civic Administration The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Agra Development Authority ( ADA ), which comes under the Housing Department of Uttar Pradesh government. The Divisional Commissioner of Agra acts as the ex-officio Chairman of ADA, whereas a Vice Chairman, a government - appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current Vice-Chairman of Agra Development Authority is Ritu Maheshwari. The Agra Nagar Nigam ( ANN ), also called Agra Municipal Corporation ( AMC ), oversees the city 's civic infrastructure under the Agra Metropolitan Region. The head of the corporation is the Mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation is the responsibility of the Municipal Commissioner, who is a Uttar Pradesh government - appointed Provincial Civil Service ( PCS ) officer of high seniority. The current Mayor of Agra is Indrajeet Balmiki, whereas the Municipal Commissioner is Arun Prasad. Politics Agra district has two Loksabha viz. Agra and Fatehpur - Sikri, and nine Vidhansabha constituencies in it. The current Member of Parliament from Agra is Ram Shankar, and the current Member of Parliament from Fatehpur - Sikri is Babulal Chaudhary. Transport Air Air India flies to Agra airport on the following route : Delhi - Varanasi - Agra - Khajuraho - Varanasi - Delhi Rail Main article : Railways in Agra Agra Cantt Railway Station Agra is on the central train line between Delhi ( Station Code : NDLS ) and Bombay ( Station Code : CSTM ) and between Delhi and Madras ( Station Code : MAS ) and many trains like Bhopal Shatabdi, Taj Express, Gatiman Express, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express, Gondwana Express, Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express, Shreedham Express, Garib Rath, Tamil Nadu Express, Chennai Rajdhani, Agra Mathura Express etc. connect Agra with all major Indian cities like New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Pune, Bhopal, Indore, Kochi, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Jaipur, Aligarh, Mathura, Alwar, Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram etc. every day. Some east - bound trains from Delhi also travel via Agra, so direct connections to points in Eastern India ( including Calcutta are also available. There are close to 20 trains to New Delhi and Gwalior Junction every day, and at least three or four to Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Bombay and Madras. There are three main railway stations in Agra. Railway stations Railway Stations served by the Indian Railways network at Agra are : Agra Cantonment Railway Station, Agra Agra Fort Railway Station, Agra Agra City Railway Station, Agra Raja Ki Mandi Railway Station, Agra Idgah Railway Station, Agra Yamuna Bridge Railway Station, Agra Billochpura Railway Station, Agra Fatehpur Sikri Railway Station, Agra Etmadpur Railway Station, Agra Keetham Railway Track Agra Cantt. Railway Station Agra - Delhi semi-high speed train In July 2014, a trial run of a `` semi-high speed train '' with 10 coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of 160 km / h ( 99 mph ) between New Delhi and Agra. The railways plan to introduce such trains commercially from November 2014. New Delhi Agra Shatabdi Express is same type of train, which takes 2 hours to complete its journey. A new semi-high speed train Gatimaan Express that reduces travel time between Delhi and Agra to 100 minutes has been started from 5 April 2016. Road Inner Ring Road, Agra Idgah Bus Stand, Taj Depot, Fort Depot and Inter State Bus Terminal ( ISBT ) are the major bus stands in Agra, connecting Agra to most of the bigger cities in North India. It is a major junction of highways with 3 national highways and 2 expressway ( Yamuna Expressway & Agra Lucknow Expressway ) originating from Agra. Another national highway passes through the city bringing the total highway outlet to 7. From Delhi : NH 19 ( old number : NH 2 ), a modern divided highway, connects the 200 km ( 124 mi ) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 4 hours. The primary access to the highway is along Mathura Road in Delhi but, if coming from South Delhi or Delhi Airport, it is easier to take Aurobindo Marg ( Mehrauli Road ) and then work up to NH2 via Tughlakabad. From Delhi / Noida : Yamuna Expressway, a modern access controlled highway connects the 200 km ( 124 mi ) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 2 hours. This highway has junction to Aligarh and Mathura via state highways. Yamuna Expressway ( formerly Taj Expressway ) is a 6 - lane ( extendable to 8 lanes ), 165 km ( 103 mi ) long, controlled - access expressway, that connects Greater Noida with Agra via Khair and Mathura in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. NH 509 ( old number : NH 93 ) is a National Highway that connects Agra to Moradabad via Aligarh Agra Lucknow Expressway is a 6 - lane ( extendable to 8 lanes ), 302 km ( 188 mi ) long, controlled - access expressway, that connects lucknow with Agra via Kannauj and Etawah in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Local transport Bus services are run by the Agra Municipal Corporation. Other para-transit modes include rickshaws and autorickshaws. Polluting vehicles are not allowed near the Tāj Mahal. Metro Rail India Technical and Economic Service ( RITES ) has proposed 30 stations, 11 underground and 19 elevated, for two corridors of the Metro Rail in the city. The two routes are Sikandra to Taj Mahal East gate via Agra Fort and Agra Cantt to Kalindi Vihar. On 24 March 2017, State Chief Minister Aditya Nath Yogi approved the project. Monumental Mughal legacy Taj Mahal from Agra fort. Tāj Mahal Main article : Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah Jahan 's favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world, and one of the three World Heritage Sites in Agra. Agra is commonly identified as the `` City of Taj ''. Tombs of Shah Jahan and his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Completed in 1653, the Tāj Mahal was built by the Mughal king Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtāz Mahal. Finished in marble, it is perhaps India 's most beautiful monument and is set amidst landscaped gardens. Built by the Persian architect, Ustād ' Īsā, the Tāj Mahal is on the south bank of the Yamuna River. It can be observed from Agra Fort from where Emperor Shāh Jahān gazed at it for the last eight years of his life, a prisoner of his son Aurangzeb. Verses of the Quran are inscribed on it and at the top of the gate are twenty - two small domes, signifying the number of years the monument took to build. The Tāj Mahal was built on a marble platform that stands above a sandstone one. The most elegant dome of the Tāj Mahal has a diameter of 60 feet ( 18 m ), and rises to a height of 80 feet ( 24 m ) ; directly under this dome is the tomb of Mumtāz Mahal. Shah Jahān 's tomb was erected next to hers by his son Aurangzeb. The interiors are decorated with fine inlay work, incorporating semi-precious stones. A panoramic view of Taj Mahal, Agra Agra Fort Main article : Agra Fort Amar Singh Gate, one of two entrances into Agra 's Red Fort Agra Fort ( sometimes called the Red Fort ), was commissioned by the conquering Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great in 1565, and is another of Agra 's World Heritage Sites. A stone tablet at the gate of the Fort states that it had been built before 1000 but was later renovated by Akbar. The red sandstone fort was converted into a palace during Shāh Jahān 's time, and reworked extensively with marble and pietra dura inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the Pearl Mosque or Motī Masjid, the Dīwān - e - ' Ām and Dīwān - e-Khās ( halls of public and private audience ), Jahāngīr 's Palace, Khās Mahal, Shīsh Mahal ( mirrored palace ), and the Musamman Burj. The forbidding exteriors of this fort conceal an inner paradise. The fort is crescent shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 kilometres ( 1.5 mi ), and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A moat 9 metres ( 30 ft ) wide and 10 metres ( 33 ft ) deep surrounds the outer wall. Chhatrapati Shīvajī visited the Agra Fort, as a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Purandar entered into with Mirzā Rājā Jaisingh to meet Aurangzeb in the Dīwān - i - Khās ( Special Audience Chamber ). In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank. An insulted Shīvajī stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing 's quarters on 12 May 1666. Fearing the dungeons and execution he escaped on 17 August 1666. The fort is a typical example of Mughal architecture, effectively showing how the North Indian style of fort construction differed from that of the South. In the South, the majority of forts were built on the seabed like the one at Bekal in Kerala. Fatehpūr Sikrī Main article : Fatehpur Sikri Dīwān - i - Khās -- Hall of Private Audience The Mughal Emperor Akbar built Fatehpūr Sikrī about 35 km ( 22 mi ) from Agra, and moved his capital there. Later abandoned, the site displays a number of buildings of significant historical importance. A World Heritage Site, it is often visited by tourists. The name of the place came about after the Mughal Emperor Bābar defeated Rāṇā Sāngā in a battle at a place called Sikrī ( about 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Agra ). Then the Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to make Fatehpūr Sikrī his headquarters, so he built a majestic fort ; due to shortage of water, however, he had to ultimately move his headquarters to Agra Fort. Buland Darwāza or ' the lofty gateway ' was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 CE. at Fatehpūr Sikrī. Akbar built the Buland Darwāza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. The Buland Darwāza is approached by 52 steps. The Buland Darwāza is 53.63 metres ( 175.95 feet ) high and 35 metres ( 115 feet ) wide. it is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and black and white marble inlays. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwāza demonstrates Akbar 's religious broadmindedness, it is a message from Jesus advising his followers not to consider this world as their permanent home. I'timād - Ud - Daulah Main article : Itmad - Ud - Daulah 's Tomb The Itmad - Ud - Daulah 's Tomb at Agra The Empress Nūr Jahān built I'timād - Ud - Daulah 's Tomb, sometimes called the `` Baby Tāj '', for her father, Mirzā Ghiyās Beg, the Chief Minister of the Emperor Jahāngīr. Located on the left bank of the Yamuna river, the mausoleum is set in a large cruciform garden, criss - crossed by water courses and walkways. The area of the mausoleum itself is about 23 m ( 250 sq ft ), and is built on a base that is about 50 m ( 540 sq ft ) and about one metre ( 3.3 feet ) high. On each corner are hexagonal towers, about thirteen metres ( 43 feet ) tall. Small in comparison to many other Mughal - era tombs, it is sometimes described as a jewel box. Its garden layout and use of white marble, pietra dura, inlay designs and latticework presage many elements of the Tāj Mahal. The walls are white marble from Rajasthan encrusted with semi-precious stone decorations -- cornelian, jasper, lapis lazuli, onyx, and topaz in images of cypress trees and wine bottles, or more elaborate decorations like cut fruit or vases containing bouquets. Light penetrates to the interior through delicate jālī screens of intricately carved white marble. Many of Nūr Jahān 's relatives are interred in the mausoleum. The only asymmetrical element of the entire complex are the tombs of her father and mother, which have been set side - by - side, a formation replicated in the Taj Mahal. Akbar 's tomb, Sikandra Main article : Tomb of Akbar the Great Tomb of Akbar the Great Sikandra, the last resting place of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great, is on the Delhi - Agra Highway, only 13 kilometres ( 8.1 miles ) from the Agra Fort. Akbar 's tomb reflects the completeness of his personality. The vast, beautifully carved, red - ochre sandstone tomb with deers, rabbits and langurs is set amidst a lush garden. Akbar himself planned his own tomb and selected a suitable site for it. To construct a tomb in one 's lifetime was a Turkic custom which the Mughals followed religiously. Akbar 's son Jahāngīr completed construction of this pyramidal tomb in 1613. The 99 names of Allah have been inscribed on the tomb. Jāma Masjid Main article : Jama Masjid ( Agra ) The Jāma Masjid is a large mosque attributed to Shah Jahan 's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum, built in 1648, notable for its unusual dome and absence of minarets. The inscription at its entrance shows that it cost Rs 5 Lakhs at that time for its completion. Chīnī kā Rauza Chīnī ka Rauza Main article : Chini Ka Rauza Notable for its Persian influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, the Chīnī kā Rauza is dedicated to the Prime Minister of Shāh Jahān, ' Allāma Afzal Khāl Mullā Shukrullāh of Shiraz. Ram Bāgh Main article : Ram Bagh The oldest Mughal garden in India, the Rām Bāgh was built by the Emperor Bābar in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. It lies about 2.34 km ( 1 mi ) north of the Tāj Mahal. The pavilions in this garden are designed so that the wind from the Yamuna, combined with the greenery, keeps them cool even during the peak of summer. The original name of the gardens was Ārām Bāgh, or ' Garden of Relaxation ', and this was where the Mughal emperor Bābar used to spend his leisure time and where he eventually died. His body was kept here for some time before sending it to Kabul. On Ram Bagh to Tundla road near Etmadpur, there is a famed Yoga Ashram of Mahaprabhu Ramlal ji Maharaja ( First Guru Gaddi ), Yogeshwar Mulakhraj Ji Maharaja ( Second Guru Gaddi ) & Yogeshwar DeviDayal Ji Mahadev ( Third GuruGaddi ) blessed Swami Chandra Mohan Ji Maharaj named Shri Siddha Gufa Sawai. Thousands of devotees and seekers visit this holy place. Mariam 's tomb Main article : Mariams Tomb Mariams Tomb, is the tomb of Mariam, the wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar. The tomb is within the compound of the Christian Missionary Society. Mehtāb Bāgh Main article : Mehtab Bagh Plan of the Taj complex with the Mehtab Bagh gardens to the left The Mehtāb Bāgh, or ' Moonlight Garden ', is on the opposite bank of the River Yamuna from the Tāj Mahal. Keetham lake Main article : Keetham Lake Also known as Sur Sarovar, Keetham Lake is situated about 7 kilometres ( 4.3 miles ) from the Akbar tomb in Agra, within the Surdas Reserved Forest. The lake has an impressive variety of aquatic life and water birds. Mughal Heritage Walk The Mughal Heritage Walk is a part of community development programme being implemented with support of Agra Municipal corporation, USAID and an NGO ; Center for Urban and Regional Excellence. It seeks to build sustainable livelihoods for youth and women from low resource communities and improve their living environments through infrastructure services and integration within the city. The Mughal Heritage Walk is a one - kilometre ( 0.62 - mile ) loop which connects the agricultural fields with the Rajasthani culture, river bank connected with the ancient village of Kuchhpura, the Heritage Structure of Mehtab Bagh, the Mughal aqueduct system, the Humanyun Mosque and the Gyarah Sidi. Other places of interest Mankameshwar Temple Main article : Mankameshwar Temple The Mankameshwar Temple is one of four ancient temples dedicated to Lord Shiva located on the four corners of Agra City. It is located near the Jāma Masjid and is about 2.5 kilometres ( 1.6 miles ) from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the temple is surrounded by markets, many of which date back to the Mughal Era. Indrabhan girls ' Inter College It is widespreadly considered to be the birthplace of great poet Mirza Ghalib. It is located near the Mankameshwar Temple and is about 3 kilometres ( 1.9 miles ) from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the College is surrounded by markets. Approximately four or five years back, the birth room of Mirza Ghalib was hidden behind the wall by the Management of the college to keep the identity of the place secret. Gurudwara Guru ka taal Main article : Guru ka Tal Guru ka Tal was originally a reservoir meant to collect and conserve rainwater built in Agra, near Sikandra, during Jahangir 's reign next to the Tomb of I'tibār Khān Khwājasara in 1610. In the 1970s a gurudwara was erected here. Guru ka Tal is a holy place of worship for the Sikhs. Four of the ten Sikh Gurus are said to have paid it a visit. Enjoying both historical and religious importance, this shrine attracts a large number of devotees and tourists. Boasting elaborate stone carvings and eight of the twelve original towers. It is located by national ( Delhi - Agra ) highway - 2. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra. Paliwal Park ( Hewitt Park ) Paliwal Park, during the British Raj was known as Hewitt Park, is now renamed in memory of Shri Krishna Datta Paliwal, who was the first finance minister of Uttar Pradesh, when Shri Govind Ballabh Pant was the Chief Minister of the State. Paliwal Park is located in the heart of Agra, spread over an area of around 70 acres ( 280,000 m ). It also has a small lake and a vast variety of trees. Paliwal Park links the residential areas of Vijay Nagar Colony & Gandhi Nagar to the financial Hub of the city i.e. Sanjay Place. John 's Public Library, also known as the Agra Municipal Library, is also located here and one can find rare books on diverse topics here. Many people come here for morning walk, as a result this place is full especially during the summer holidays when youngsters play all sort of different games. Economy A shopping mall situated on the Fatehabad Road A marble table top in Pietra Dura, a craft practised since the Mughal era in Agra The Sadar Bazar market An Agra craftsman working with marble stone inlays. The marble is coloured red to give contrast while working. Due to the presence of the Taj Mahal and other historic monuments, Agra has a booming tourism industry as well as royal crafts like Pietra Dura, marble inlay and carpets. Today 40 % of the population depends largely on agriculture, and others on the leather and footwear business and iron foundries. Agra is the second most self - employed in India in 2007, behind Varanasi, followed by Bhopal, Indore and Patna. According to the National Sample Survey Organization, in 1999 -- 2000, 431 of every 1,000 employed males were self - employed in the city, which grew to 603 per 1,000 in 2004 -- 05. Tourism contributes to the economy of Agra. Agra is home to Asia 's largest spa called Kaya Kalp -- The Royal Spa, at the Hotel Mughal in Agra. Agra has many industries. Uttar Pradesh 's first plant biotech company Harihar Biotech is located near the Taj. There are about 7,000 small scale industrial units. Agra city is also known for its leather goods, the oldest and famous leather firm Taj Leather World is in Sadar bazar. The carpets, handicrafts, zari and zardozi ( embroidery work ), marble and stone carving and inlay work. Agra is known for its sweets ( Petha and Gajak ) and snacks ( Dalmoth ), garment manufacturers and exporters and an automobile industry. Carpet making was introduced to the city by Moghul Emperor Babur and since then this art has flourished. The city centre place at Agra has jewellery and garments shops. The silver and gold jewellery hub is at Choube Ji Ka Fatak. The Shah Market area is an electronics market while Sanjay Place is the trade centre of Agra. Property Property is one of the growing sectors of the Agra 's economy. There are several malls such as Big Bazzar, TDI Mall, Pacific Mall, Ratan Mall, Omaxe SRK Mall, Ashoka Mall ( Sanjay Place ). Future projects Agra International Airport Metro Rail in Agra Agra Lucknow Expressway Night Markets in Agra Radio Taxi Development Agra ranked fifth on both the financial penetration index, which measures things like the presence of ATMs and bank branches, and on the consumption index, indicating the city 's transformation into an urban town. There are many new buildings, shopping complexes, malls, roads, flyovers and apartments coming up. On the India City Competitiveness Index, the city ranked 26th in 2010, 32nd in 2011 and 37th in 2012 Education It was during the advent of the Mughal era that Agra grew as a centre of Islamic education. British people introduced the western concept of education in Agra. In the year 1823, Agra College, one of the oldest colleges in India was formed out of a Sanskrit school established by the Scindia rulers. In the British era, Agra became a great centre of Hindi literature with people like Babu Gulab Rai at the helm. Universities and colleges Agra University was established on 1 July 1927 and catered to colleges spread across the United Provinces, the Rajputana, the Central Provinces and almost to entire North India, at present 10 institutes comprising various departments and around 700 Colleges are affiliated to this university. The historic Agra University was later rechristened as Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University by the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Ms. Mayawati. Sachdeva Institute of Technology, Also known as SIT, Mathura since 2001. The Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, formerly known as Agra Lunatic Asylum, was established in September 1859 governed by the State of Uttar Pradesh. It is spread over on extensive and beautiful ground of 172.8 acres ( 69.9 ha ) land and is well known centre for the treatment, training and research on mental disorders in Northern India. The institute was renamed as Mental Hospital, Agra in 1925. It was being managed under the provisions of Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 till 1993. Presently all admissions and discharges are being done under the provisions of Mental Health Act, 1987. Following a public writ, the Supreme Court of India in the year 1994, renamed the Institution as Agra Mansik Arogyashala, made it an autonomous institution and outlined the objectives to improve treatment and care of mentally ill persons including rehabilitation as well as to develop activities for professional teaching, training and research. In compliance of the order of the Supreme Court, the UP government declared the hospital as an autonomous institution on 31 January 1995. In view of the objectives laid down by the court, it was renamed as Institute of Mental Health and Hospital on 8 February 2001. Central Institute of Hindi, ( also known as Kendriya Hindi Sansthan ) is an autonomous institute under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India engaged in teaching Hindi as a foreign and second language. Apart from running residential Hindi language courses for foreign students, the institute also conducts regular training programmes for teachers of Hindi belonging to non-Hindi states of India. The institute is situated at a 11 acres ( 4.5 ha ) campus on the outskirts of Agra city. Headquartered in Agra the institute has eight regional centres in Delhi, Hyderabad, Mysore, Shillong, Dimapur, Guwahati, Ahmedabad and Bhubneshwar. The institute is the only government run institution in India established solely for research and teaching of Hindi as a foreign and second language. Sarojini Naidu Medical College, is one of the three oldest medical colleges of India. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state. It is named after the first lady Governess of Uttar Pradesh, poet and freedom fighter, Bharat Kokila Smt. Sarojini Naidu. Agra College, is one of the oldest institutions in India. Pandit Gangadhar Shastri, a noted Sanskrit scholar founded the college in 1823. Till 1883 the institute was a government college and after that a Board of Trustees and a Committee of Management managed the college. Agra College produced the first graduate in Uttar Pradesh and the first Law graduate to Northern India. St. John 's College, Agra, is a college established in 1850, now part of the Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, earlier known as Agra University. It is amongst the oldest and one of the most beautiful Christian colleges in India. The college runs a study centre of Indira Gandhi National Open University ( ignou ), a central university. Raja Balwant Singh College, Established in 1885 owes its existence to Raja Balwant Singh Ji of Awagarh who enabled the institution to grow as one of the oldest and biggest colleges of Uttar Pradesh. Raja Balwant Singh College is located at Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college is affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra. Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, started the Radhasoami Educational Institute, as a co-educational Middle School, open to all, on 1 January 1917. It became a Degree College in 1947, affiliated to Agra University. In 1975, it formulated a programme of undergraduate studies which received approbation from the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the University Grants Commission, as a result of which in 1981 the Ministry of Education, Government of India, conferred the status of an institution deemed to be a University on the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, to implement the new scheme. UEI Global, consecutively ranked among the top management institutes of India by Competition Success Review for year 2013 and 2012. The college has 12 campuses across India and provide programs in Hotel Management and Business Management. Media Agra is home to the Dainik Jagran newspaper. which is the most read Hindi newspaper in India. Other newspapers that are widely read include Amar Ujala, Aaj, Hindustan, The Sea Express, Deepsheel Bharat, DLA. The English dailies published are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Economic Times, The Pioneer, etc. The Urdy dailies published are Prabhanjan Sanket, Inksaaf etc. There is also the Hindi and English mixed newspaper tabloid I - NEXT. Morphers Animation Studios LLP is an animation studio in Agra, which caters 3d visualisation services to clients. State - owned All India Radio has a local station in Agra which transmits various programs of mass interest. There are three private FM radio stations, 92.7 BIG FM ( Reliance Broadcast Network Limited ), 93.7 Fever FM and Radio City 91.9 FM. There is a community Radio Station 90.4 FM. Radio stations 90.4 MHz -- Agra ki Awaaz 90.8 MHz -- Aap ki Awaaz 93.7 MHz - Fever FM 91.9 MHz -- Radio City 92.7 MHz -- Big 92.7 FM 105.6 MHz -- IGNOU Gyan Vani Fairs and festivals Tāj Mahotsav Taj Mahotsav is a cultural festival was started in year 1992 and has grown since then. The year 2017 is the 26th year of this Mahotsav. This festival also figures in the calendar of events of the Department of Tourism, Government of India. A large number of Indian and foreign tourists coming to Agra join this festivity in the month of February ( 18 to 27 ). One of the objectives of this craft fair is to provide encouragement to the artisans. It also makes available works of art and craft at reasonable prices that are not inflated by high maintenance cost. Ram Barat Ram Barat ( Hindi : राम बारात ) is a part of Ramlila celebration in Agra. It is one of the biggest annual events in North India. Ram Barat literally means Baraat Marriage procession of Sri Ram. Every year a new locality is chosen in Agra and is elaborately decorated with lights & flowers. The area is given a major face lift befitting the venue for the divine marriage. Tāj literature festival Taj Literature Festival saw stars of the literary world manifest themselves on the earth of Agra. The galaxy included the stalwarts, Muzaffar Ali, Shobha De, Prahlad Kakker and Raghu Rai. The stage shone brilliant and the heritage city breathed life. This festival, an attempt to rejuvenate that aesthetic spirit which is a soul of this historically rich city, Agra. The city that nurtured the likes of Ghalib, Tansen, Surdas, Nazeer and many more. Kailash fair The Kailash Fair is held in the town of Kailash, about 12 km ( 7 mi ) from Agra, in the month of August / September. It is a major fair celebrated in honour of Lord Shiva who is believed to have appeared here in the form of stone Lingam. Gangaur Fair Gokulpura / Moti Katra, Agra Tāj Municipal museum in Paliwal Park Agra The museum - cum - public library is housed in an old heritage structure, built in 1922 and renovated in the 1940s. Queen Victori 's bronze statue 's are also exposed in this Museum. The other old statues and memories of the Mughal Era are exposed for the attraction of tourists, something new other than usual attraction. Notable individuals Abdul Karim ( the Munshi ), Huzur Shiv Dayal Singh Sahab ( Param Purush Puran Dhani Soami Ji Maharaj ), Founder Of Radhasoami Faith, Hazur Rai Saligram Bahadur ( Param Purush Puran Dhani Huzur Maharaj ), Second Revered Leader Of Radhasoami Faith, Great Poet Soordas, Acharya Pt. Shri Ram Sharma, Abul Fazal, Amrit Lal Nagar, Rangey Raghav, Dr Ramvilas Sharma, Babu Gulab Roy, Rajendra Yadav, Mirza Galib, Mir Taqi Mir, Nazir Akbarabadi Motilal Nehru, Actress Nimmi, Raj Babbar, Prof ( Dr ) Deoki Nandan See also Nand Ram Ka Tila References ^ Jump up to : `` Census 2011 ''. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 21 May 2016. Jump up ^ http://citypopulation.de/India-UttarPradesh.html ^ Jump up to : http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/251 Jump up ^ `` Cities in India with population more than 100,000 ''. Census2011. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 10. Jump up ^ Williams, Monier. `` Sanskrit - English Dictionary ''. Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries. Cologne University. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08. Jump up ^ `` Agra District profile ''. Official Website of Agra maintained by National Informatics Centre ( NIC ) of the Government of India. Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08. Jump up ^ `` Agra Fort ''. Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08. Jump up ^ `` Agra Climate Normals 1971 - 1990 ''. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` World Weather Information Service -- Agra ''. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 18 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 '' ( PDF ). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014. ^ Jump up to : http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/115-agra.html Agra City Population Census 2011 Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Yadav-village-near-Agra-to-boycott-polls/articleshow/33460267.cms ? ^ Jump up to : `` District Census 2011 ''. Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 30. Jump up ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. `` Country Comparison : Population ''. Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 01. Moldova 4,314,377 July 2011 est. Jump up ^ `` 2010 Resident Population Data ''. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2010 - 12 - 25. Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 30. Kentucky 4,339,367 Jump up ^ `` Muslim growth outsmarts Hindus for the first time in Mughal city Agra ''. Jump up ^ `` Agra City '' ( GIF ). Imperial Gazetteer of India ( Digital South Asia Library of University of Chicago ). 5 : 83 -- 84. Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08. ^ Jump up to : `` CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP ''. Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved August 30, 2017. Jump up ^ Maheshwari, S.R. ( 2000 ). Indian Administration ( 6th Edition ). New Delhi : Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. pp. 563 -- 572. ISBN 9788125019886. Jump up ^ Singh, G.P. ( 1993 ). Revenue administration in India : A case study of Bihar. Delhi : Mittal Publications. pp. 26 -- 129. ISBN 978 - 8170993810. Jump up ^ Laxmikanth, M. ( 2014 ). Governance in India ( 2nd Edition ). Noida : McGraw Hill Education. pp. 5.1 -- 5.2. ISBN 978 - 9339204785. Jump up ^ `` Role and Functions of Divisional Commissioner ''. Your Article Library. Retrieved August 20, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Contact Details Of Commissioners and District Magistrates Of U.P. ''. Department of Home and Confidential, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved August 15, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` जिलाधिकारी / मंडलायुक्त की सूची '' ( List of District Magistrates and Divisional Commissioners ). Department of Appointments and Personnel, Government of Uttar Pradesh ( in Hindi ). Retrieved August 15, 2017. CS1 maint : Unrecognized language ( link ) ^ Jump up to : `` Administration ''. Agra District website. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ Maheshwari, S.R. ( 2000 ). Indian Administration ( 6th Edition ). New Delhi : Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. pp. 573 -- 597. ISBN 9788125019886. Jump up ^ Laxmikanth, M. ( 2014 ). Governance in India ( 2nd Edition ). Noida : McGraw Hill Education. pp. 6.1 -- 6.6. ISBN 978 - 9339204785. Jump up ^ Singh, G.P. ( 1993 ). Revenue administration in India : A case study of Bihar. Delhi : Mittal Publications. pp. 50 -- 124. ISBN 978 - 8170993810. Jump up ^ `` Powers Of District Magistrate in India ''. Important India. Retrieved August 20, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Officers posted at Agra Zone ''. Uttar Pradesh Police. Retrieved August 16, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Officers posted at Agra Range ''. Uttar Pradesh Police. Retrieved August 16, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Officers posted at AGRA ''. Uttar Pradesh Police. Retrieved August 16, 2017. Jump up ^ `` VDA Board Members ''. Varanasi Development Authority ( in Hindi ). Retrieved August 16, 2017. CS1 maint : Unrecognized language ( link ) Jump up ^ `` List of IAS officers who Vice Chairman of Development Authorities ''. Department of Appointment and Personnel, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Staff List ''. Agra Development Authority. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ `` PCS OFFICERS ( Posted as HOD ) ''. Department of Appointment and Personnel, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Contact Details ''. Agra Municipal Corporation. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan ( 1990 ). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 173. Jump up ^ Koroth, Nandakumar. History of Bekal Fort. Jump up ^ `` India 's new Entrepreneurs ''. Mint. 16 May 2007. Jump up ^ `` ITC unveils Asia 's largest spa in Agra ''. Economic Times ( India ). 9 March 2008. Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08. Jump up ^ Srikant Srinivas ; Amit Kapoor ( 13 December 2010 ). `` Boulevards of Dreams '' ( PDF ). Businessworld. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 6 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` India 's 50 most Competitive cities ''. Rediff. 13 December 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Ranks of 50 Cities as per the India City Competitiveness Index 2012 '' ( PDF ). Institute of Competitiveness, India. Archived from the original ( pdf ) on 21 October 2012. Jump up ^ http://www.radiocity.in/radiocity/city/agra Jump up ^ http://www.radhasoami-faith.info/Soamiji_Maharaj.shtml Jump up ^ http://www.radhasoami-faith.info/Huzur_Maharaj.shtml Further reading Cole, Henry Hardy ( 1873 ). Illustrations of buildings near Muttra and Agra. India Office. Agra, Archaeological Society of ( 1874 ). Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Agra, Jan -- June 1874. Delhi Gazette Press. Mukerji, Satya Chandra ( 1892 ). The Traveller 's Guide to Agra. Sen & Co., Delhi. Fanthome, Frederic ( 1895 ). Reminiscences of Agra. Thacker, Spink & Co. Latif, Muḥammad ( 1896 ). Agra, Historical & Descriptive. Calcutta Central Press. Keene, Henry George ( 1899 ). A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood ( Sixth ed. ). Thacker, Spink & Co. Smith, Edmund W. ( 1901 ). Moghul Colour Decoration of Agra, Part I. Govt. Press, Allahabad. Havell, Ernest Binfield ( 1904 ). A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur - Sikri, and the Neighbourhood. Longmans, Green & Co., London. Agranama : The authentic book about the history of Agra by Mr. Satish Chandra Chaturvedi Vidhya Society, ( 2009 ). Vidhya Society ( NGO ) is a leading charitable organisation of Uttar Pradesh ( India ) established under society registration act 21 - 1860 on the special occasion of World Disable Year 2009. Director Mr. Pavan Upadhyay External links Find more aboutAgraat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Official website of Agra Agra at DMOZ R. 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Janakpatti Jayapur Kathiraon Khanzadipur Kudi Lamhi Mehdiganj Phoolpur Raghunathpur Rajpur Saifai Tisaura Vyaspur Zafarabad Portal : Uttar Pradesh Agra division topics General Doab Braj Saman Sanctuary Mythology, history Mathura related Krishna Krishna Janmashtami Agra related Mughal Empire United Provinces of Agra and Oudh Places of tourist interest In and around Agra Taj Mahal Agra Fort Fatehpur Sikri Buland Darwaza Tomb of Akbar the Great I'timād - ud - Daulah 's Tomb Chini Ka Rauza Tomb of Mariam Zamani Gyarah Sidi Jama Masjid Moti Masjid Mankameshwar Temple Guru ka Tal Ram Bagh Mehtab Bagh Paliwal Park Taj Mahotsav Tourist attractions in Agra In and around Mathura Kesava Deo Temple Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir Prem Mandir Banke Bihari Temple Krishna Balaram Mandir Districts Agra Firozabad Mainpuri Mathura Rivers, dams, lakes, canals Yamuna Keetham Lake Agra Canal Languages, people Braj Bhasa Hindustani Khariboli Standard Hindi Urdu Jatav Transport National Highway 2 Grand Trunk Road National Highway 3 National Highway 11 National Highway 93 Lok Sabha constituencies Firozabad Agra Fatehpur Sikri Mathura Mainpuri See also Agra district topics Cities and towns in Firozabad district Cities and towns in Mainpuri district Cities and towns in Mathura district Villages in Agra district Villages in Firozabad district Villages in Mathura district People from Agra People from Firozabad People from Mainpuri People from Mathura Other divisions Aligarh Allahabad Azamgarh Bareilly Basti Chitrakoot Devipatan Faizabad Gorakhpur Jhansi Kanpur Lucknow Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Saharanpur Varanasi Universities in Uttar Pradesh Central Aligarh Muslim University Banaras Hindu University Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University INIs Indian Institute of Technology ( BHU ) Varanasi Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology University of Allahabad State Allahabad State University Banda University of Agriculture and Technology Bundelkhand University Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh University Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University Dr. A.P.J. 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Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go - Ansundhan Sansthan University of Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University State institute Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Deemed Bhatkhande Music Institute Central University for Tibetan Studies Dayalbagh Educational Institute Indian Veterinary Research Institute Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Santosh University Shobhit University Private Amity University Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow Bareilly International University Galgotias University GLA University IFTM University Integral University Invertis University Mangalayatan University Mohammad Ali Jauhar University Monad University Rama University Sharda University Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Shiv Nadar University Shri Venkateshwara University Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Teerthanker Mahaveer University Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University Million - plus agglomerations in India North Chandigarh Delhi Haryana : Faridabad Jammu and Kashmir : Srinagar Punjab : Ludhiana Amritsar Rajasthan : Jaipur Jodhpur Kota Central Chhattisgarh : Raipur Bhilai Madhya Pradesh : Indore Bhopal Jabalpur Gwalior Uttar Pradesh : Kanpur Lucknow Ghaziabad Agra Varanasi Meerut Allahabad Eastern Bihar : Patna Jharkhand : Jamshedpur Dhanbad Ranchi West Bengal : Kolkata Asansol Western Gujarat : Ahmedabad Surat Vadodara Rajkot Maharashtra : Mumbai Pune Nagpur Nashik Vasai - Virar Aurangabad Southern Andhra Pradesh : Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Karnataka : Bangalore Kerala : Kochi Kozhikode Thrissur Malappuram Thiruvananthapuram Kannur Kollam Tamil Nadu : Chennai Coimbatore Madurai Tiruchirappalli Telangana : Hyderabad Hindustani - speaking areas of India See also : Hindi Belt Bihar Araria Arwal Aurangabad Banka Begusarai Bhagalpur Bhojpur Buxar Darbhanga East Champaran Gaya Gopalganj Jamui Jehanabad Kaimur Katihar Khagaria Kishanganj Lakhisarai Madhepura Madhubani Munger Muzaffarpur Nalanda Nawada Patna Purnia Rohtas Saharsa Samastipur Saran Sheikhpura Sheohar Sitamarhi Siwan Supaul Vaishali West Champaran Chhattisgarh Bastar Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kabirdham Kanker Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur Raigarh Raipur Rajnandgaon Surguja Delhi Central Delhi East Delhi New Delhi North Delhi North East Delhi North West Delhi South Delhi South West Delhi West Delhi Haryana Ambala Bhiwani Faridabad Fatehabad Gurgaon Hisar Jhajjar Jind Kaithal Karnal Kurukshetra Mahendragarh Mewat Panchkula Palwal Panipat Rewari Rohtak Sirsa Sonipat Yamuna Nagar Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur Chamba Hamirpur Kangra Kinnaur Kullu Lahul and Spiti Mandi Shimla Sirmaur Solan Una Jharkhand Bokaro Chatra Deoghar Dhanbad Dumka East Singhbhum Garhwa Giridih Godda Gumla Hazaribagh Jamtara Khunti Koderma Latehar Lohardaga Pakur Palamu Ramgarh Ranchi Saraikela Kharsawan Simdega Singhbhum Sahebganj Madhya Pradesh Anuppur Ashoknagar Balaghat Barwani Betul Bhind Bhopal Burhanpur Chhatarpur Chhindwara Damoh Datia Dewas Dhar Dindori Guna Gwalior Harda Hoshangabad Indore Jabalpur Jhabua Katni Khandwa Khargone Mandla Mandsaur Morena Narsinghpur Neemuch Panna Raisen Rajgarh Ratlam Rewa Sagar Satna Sehore Seoni Shahdol Shajapur Sheopur Shivpuri Sidhi Tikamgarh Ujjain Umaria Vidisha Rajasthan Ajmer Alwar Banswara Baran Barmer Bhilwara Bikaner Bharatpur Bundi Chittorgarh Churu Dausa Dholpur Dungarpur Ganganagar Hanumangarh Jaipur Jaisalmer Jalore Jhalawar Jhunjhunu Jodhpur Karauli Kota Nagaur Pali Pratapgarh Rajsamand Sawai Madhopur Sikar Sirohi Tonk Udaipur Uttar Pradesh Agra Aligarh Allahabad Ambedkar Nagar Amethi Amroha Auraiya Azamgarh Badaun Bagpat Bahraich Balarampur Ballia Banda Barabanki Bareilly Basti Bijnor Bulandshahr Chandauli Chitrakoot Devaria Etah Etawah Faizabad Farrukhabad Fatehpur Firozabad Ghaziabad Gonda Gorakhpur Gautam Buddha Nagar Ghazipur Hamirpur Hardoi Hathras Jalaun Jaunpur Jhansi Kannauj Kanpur Kanpur Dehat Kaushambi Kushinagar Khair City Lakhimpur Kheri Lalitpur Lucknow Maharajganj Mahoba Mainpuri Mathura Mau Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Muzaffarnagar Pilibhit Pratapgarh Raebareli Rampur Saharanpur Sant Kabir Nagar Sant Ravidas Nagar Shahjahanpur Shravasti Siddharthnagar Sitapur Sonbhadra Sultanpur Unnao Varanasi Uttarakhand Almora Bageshwar Chamoli Champawat Dehradun Haridwar Nainital New Tehri Pauri Pithoragarh Rudraprayag Rudrapur Uttarkashi Tourist attractions in Agra World Heritage Sites Agra Fort Fatehpur Sikri Taj Mahal Mughal architecture Chini Ka Rauza Gyarah Sidi Itmad - Ud - Daulah Mariam 's Tomb Sikandra Mosques Jama Masjid Moti Masjid Other religious places Bateshwar Guru ka Tal Mankameshwar Temple Swamibagh Shopping Kinari Bazaar Loha Mandi Raja ki mandi Sadar Bazaar Sanjay Place Gardens Mehtab Bagh Paliwal Park Ram Bagh Wildlife sanctuaries Keetham Lake National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary Patna Bird Sanctuary Fairs Ram Barat Taj Mahotsav GND : 4000745 - 5 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agra&oldid=803105521 '' Categories : Agra Cities and towns in Agra district Former capital cities in India Populated places established in 1504 Tourism in Uttar Pradesh Municipal corporations in Uttar Pradesh Cities in Uttar Pradesh Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Unrecognized language Use Indian English from June 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from March 2013 Coordinates on Wikidata Articles with hAudio microformats Articles including recorded pronunciations ( English ) Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013 Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - 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Question: mughal emperor who shifted capital from agra to delhi
Answer: Shāh Jahān