Sumatran elephant - wikipedia Sumatran elephant Sumatran elephant A male Sumatran elephant A female Sumatran elephant in Ragunan Zoo Conservation status Critically Endangered ( IUCN 3.1 ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Proboscidea Family : Elephantidae Genus : Elephas Species : E. maximus Subspecies : E. m. sumatranus Trinomial name Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847 The Sumatran elephant ( Elephas maximus sumatranus ) is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to the Indonesia island of Sumatra. In 2011, the Sumatran elephant has been classified as critically endangered by IUCN as the population has declined by at least 80 % over the last three generations, estimated to be about 75 years. The subspecies is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and poaching ; over 69 % of potential elephant habitat has been lost within the last 25 years. Much of the remaining forest cover is in blocks smaller than 250 km ( 97 sq mi ), which are too small to contain viable elephant populations. Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Distribution of populations 3 Ecology and behaviour 4 Threats 5 Conservation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Characteristics In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger - like process. Their back is convex or level. Females are usually smaller than males, and have short or no tusks. Sumatran elephants reach a shoulder height of between 2 and 3.2 m ( 6.6 and 10.5 ft ), weigh between 2,000 and 4,000 kg ( 4,400 and 8,800 lb ), and have 20 pairs of ribs. Their skin color is lighter than of maximus and indicus with least depigmentation. Distribution of populations The Sumatran elephant was once widespread on the island, and Riau Province was believed to have the largest elephant population in Sumatra with over 1,600 individuals in the 1980s. In 1985, an island - wide rapid survey suggested that between 2,800 and 4,800 elephants lived in all eight mainland provinces of Sumatra in 44 populations. Twelve of these populations occurred in Lampung Province, where only three populations were extant in 2002 according to surveys carried out between September 2000 and March 2002. The population in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park was estimated at 498 individuals, while the population in Way Kambas National Park was estimated at 180 individuals. The third population in Gunung Rindingan -- Way Waya complex was considered to be too small to be viable over the long - term. By 2008, elephants had become locally extinct in 23 of the 43 ranges identified in Sumatra in 1985, indicating a very significant decline of the Sumatran elephant population up to that time. By 2008, the elephant was locally extinct in West Sumatra Province and at risk of being lost from North Sumatra Province too. In Riau Province only about 350 elephants survived across nine separate ranges. The current Sumatran elephant population is estimated at 2,400 -- 2,800 wild individuals, excluding elephants in camps, in 25 fragmented populations across the island. More than 85 % of their habitat is outside of protected areas. Ecology and behaviour Female elephants stop reproducing after 60 years of age. The maximum longevity in the wild is around 60 years. Female captive elephants have survived until 75 years while males have survived 60 years. Birth happens at night and lasts approximately 10 seconds. The infant is able to stand up on its own after 10 to 30 minutes. Threats Due to conversion of forests into human settlements and agricultural areas, many of the Sumatran elephant populations have lost their habitat to humans. As a result, many elephants have been removed from the wild or directly killed. In addition to conflict related death, elephants are also targets of poaching for their ivory. Between 1985 and 2007, 50 % of Sumatran elephants died. Between 1980 and 2005, 69 % of potential Sumatran elephant habitat was lost within just one elephant generation, and the driving forces that caused this habitat loss still remain essentially unchecked. There is clear, direct evidence from two provinces, Riau and Lampung, which shows entire elephant populations have disappeared as a result of habitat loss. Most of the elephants found in Sumatran camps were captured after crop - raiding in protected areas. The reduction of the elephants ' habitat for illegal conversion of agriculture still continues. Between 2012 and 2015, 36 elephants were found dead in Aceh Province due to poisoning, electrocution and traps. Most dead elephants were found near palm oil plantations. Conservationists think that Sumatran elephants may become extinct in less than ten years if poaching is not stopped. Conservation Sumatran elephants performing in a show at Taman Safari, Bogor Elephas maximus is listed on CITES Appendix I. Sumatran elephants are protected under Indonesia law. In 2004, the Tesso Nilo National Park has been established in Riau Province to protect the Sumatran elephant 's habitat. This forest is one of the last areas large enough to support a viable population of elephants. Between 1986 and 1995, 520 wild elephants were captured and kept in six Elephant Training Centres, which have been established since 1986 in the provinces of Lampung, Aceh, Bengkulu, North and South Sumatra, and Riau. Capturing wild elephants was stopped in 1999, since the maintenance of captive elephants was too expensive, their management had not become self - financing and because some of the centres were overcrowded. By the end of 2000, 391 elephants were kept in the centres, and a few more in zoos, safari parks and tourist areas. See also Borneo elephant References ^ Jump up to : Gopala, A. ; Hadian, O. ; Sunarto, Sitompul ; A., Williams ; A., Leimgruber ; P., Chambliss ; S.E. ; Gunaryadi, D. ( 2011 ). `` Elephas maximus ssp. sumatranus ''. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Jump up ^ Shoshani, J., Eisenberg, J.F. ( 1982 ) Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species 182 : 1 -- 8 Jump up ^ Shoshani, J. ( 2006 ) Taxonomy, Classification, and Evolution of Elephants In : Fowler, M.E., Mikota, S.K. ( eds. ) Biology, medicine, and surgery of elephants. Wiley - Blackwell. ISBN 0813806763. Pp. 3 -- 14 ^ Jump up to : Hedges, S., Tyson, M.J., Sitompul, A.F., Kinnaird, M.F., Gunaryadi, D., Aslan. ( 2005 ). Distribution, status, and conservation needs of Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biological Conservation 124 : 35 -- 48. Jump up ^ Soehartono, T., Susilo, H.D., Sitompul, A.F., Gunaryadi, D., Purastuti, E.M., Azmi, W., Fadhli, N., and Stremme, C. ( 2007 ). The strategic and action plan for Sumatran and Kalimantan elephant. Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta. Jump up ^ Sukumar, R., Santiapillai, C. ( 1993 ). Asian elephant in Sumatra population and habitat viability analysis. Gajah : Journal of The Asian Elephant Specialist Group 11 : 61. Jump up ^ Puttipong, K., Clarke, B. ( 2002 ). Giants On Our Hands. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant 30 : 253 -- 254. Jump up ^ Hedges, S., Tyson, M.J., Sitompul, A.F., Hammatt, H. ( 2006 ). Why Inter-country Loans Will Not Help Sumatra 's Elephants. Zoo Biology 25 : 235 -- 246. Jump up ^ Erwin Z. ( 2015 ). `` Ten Percent of Sumatran Elephant Killed in Three Years ''. Jump up ^ WWF International - Sumatran elephant species profile, retrieved 7 November 2010 Jump up ^ Suprayogi, B., Sugardjito, J. and R.P.H. Lilley ( 2002 ). Management of Sumatran elephants in Indonesia : Problems and challenges. Pages 183 -- 194 in : Baker, I. and M. Kashio ( eds. ) Giants on our Hands. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elephas maximus sumatranus. WWF : Sumatran elephant hide Extant Proboscidea species by family Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Infraclass Eutheria Superorder Afrotheria Elephantidae ( Elephants ) Elephas Asian Elephant ( Elephas maximus ) Borneo Elephant ( Elephas maximus borneensis ) Indian Elephant ( Elephas maximus indicus ) Sri Lankan Elephant ( Elephas maximus maximus ) Sumatran Elephant ( Elephas maximus sumatranus ) Loxodonta ( African elephants ) African Bush Elephant ( L. africana ) African Forest Elephant ( L. cyclotis ) Taxon identifiers Wikidata : Q1926485 Wikispecies : Elephas maximus sumatranus EoL : 1226193 Fossilworks : 233501 GBIF : 5219463 iNaturalist : 147646 ITIS : 727610 IUCN : 199856 MSW : 11500007 NCBI : 548880 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatran_elephant&oldid=844609834 '' Categories : IUCN Red List critically endangered species Elephants Endemic fauna of Indonesia Fauna of Sumatra Mammals of Indonesia Critically endangered fauna of Asia Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with ' species ' microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Български Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Nederlands Português Русский Suomi தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 17 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 June 2018, at 23 : 44 ( UTC ). 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Question: how many sumatran elephants are left in the world
Answer: 2,400–2,800 wild individuals, excluding elephants in camps