George H.W. Bush - wikipedia George H.W. Bush This article is about the 41st President of the United States. For his son, the 43rd President, see George W. Bush. George H.W. Bush Bush as President ( 1989 ) 41st President of the United States In office January 20, 1989 -- January 20, 1993 Vice President Dan Quayle Preceded by Ronald Reagan Succeeded by Bill Clinton 43rd Vice President of the United States In office January 20, 1981 -- January 20, 1989 President Ronald Reagan Preceded by Walter Mondale Succeeded by Dan Quayle Director of Central Intelligence In office January 30, 1976 -- January 20, 1977 President Gerald Ford Deputy Vernon A. Walters E. Henry Knoche Preceded by William Colby Succeeded by Stansfield Turner Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People 's Republic of China In office September 26, 1974 -- December 7, 1975 President Gerald Ford Preceded by David K.E. Bruce Succeeded by Thomas S. Gates Chair of the Republican National Committee In office January 19, 1973 -- September 16, 1974 Preceded by Bob Dole Succeeded by Mary Smith 10th United States Ambassador to the United Nations In office March 1, 1971 -- January 18, 1973 President Richard Nixon Preceded by Charles Woodruff Yost Succeeded by John A. Scali Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas 's 7th district In office January 3, 1967 -- January 3, 1971 Preceded by John Dowdy Succeeded by William Archer Personal details George Herbert Walker Bush ( 1924 - 06 - 12 ) June 12, 1924 ( age 93 ) Milton, Massachusetts, U.S. Political party Republican Spouse ( s ) Barbara Pierce ( m. 1945 ) Relations See Bush family Children George Robin Jeb Neil Marvin Dorothy Education Yale University ( BA ) Signature Website Presidential Library Military service Allegiance United States Service / branch United States Navy Years of service 1942 -- 1945 Rank Lieutenant Unit Fast Carrier Task Force Battles / wars World War II Awards This article is part of a series about George H.W. Bush Family Bibliography Electoral history 1966 U.S. House election Vice President of the United States 1980 presidential campaign 1980 Reagan - Bush Campaign Reagan assassination attempt Deregulation 1984 Reagan - Bush Campaign Bush - Ferraro debate President of the United States Presidency Timeline 1988 election Convention `` No new taxes '' Inauguration Thousand points of light Foundation Gulf War Invasion of Panama Operation Restore Hope NAFTA Environmental policy Foreign policy International presidential trips Judicial appointments Pardons 1992 election Convention Legacy Presidential Library Medal of Freedom Bush School of Government Reagan Award USS George H.W. Bush ( CVN - 77 ) George Herbert Walker Bush ( born June 12, 1924 ) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Previously known as simply `` George Bush '', since 2001, Bush has often been referred to as `` George H.W. Bush '', `` Bush 41 '', `` Bush the Elder '', or `` George Bush Senior '' to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday, and became the youngest aviator in the U.S. Navy at the time. He served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, becoming a millionaire by the age of 40. Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, and he won election to the House of Representatives in 1966. In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations, and in 1973, Bush became the Chairman of the Republican National Committee. The following year, President Gerald Ford appointed Bush as the ambassador to the People 's Republic of China, and later reassigned Bush to the position of Director of Central Intelligence. Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican primary by Ronald Reagan. Reagan chose Bush as his running mate, and Bush became vice president after the Reagan -- Bush ticket won the 1980 election. During his eight - year tenure as vice president, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting the `` War on Drugs ''. In 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency : military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf ; the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Though the agreement was not ratified until after he left office, Bush also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement, which created a trade bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress, signed an increase in taxes that Congress had passed. In the wake of a weak recovery from an economic recession, along with continuing budget deficits and the diminution of foreign politics as a major issue in a post-Cold War political climate, he lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton. Bush left office in 1993. His presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active -- often alongside Bill Clinton -- in various humanitarian activities. With George W. Bush 's victory in the 2000 presidential election, Bush and his son became the second father - son combination to serve as president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Another member of the Bush family, Bush 's second son Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida ( 1999 -- 2007 ) and sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. Contents 1 Early life and education 1.1 World War II 1.2 Marriage and college years 2 Business career 3 Political career ( 1964 -- 80 ) 3.1 Congressional years ( 1967 -- 71 ) 3.2 Ambassador to the United Nations ( 1971 -- 73 ) 3.3 Chairman of the Republican National Committee ( 1973 -- 74 ) 3.4 Envoy to China ( 1974 -- 75 ) 3.5 Director of Central Intelligence ( 1976 -- 77 ) 3.6 Other positions ( 1977 -- 81 ) 4 1980 presidential campaign 5 Vice Presidency ( 1981 -- 89 ) 5.1 First term, 1981 -- 85 5.2 Second term, 1985 -- 89 6 1988 presidential campaign 7 Presidency ( 1989 -- 93 ) 7.1 Domestic policy 7.1. 1 Economy 7.1. 2 Major initiatives 7.2 Points of Light 7.3 Daily Point of Light Award 7.4 Judicial appointments 7.4. 1 Supreme Court 7.4. 2 Other courts 7.5 Foreign policy 7.5. 1 Panama 7.5. 2 Soviet Union 7.5. 3 Gulf War 7.5. 4 Somali Civil War 7.6 NAFTA 7.7 Pardons 7.8 Honorary degrees 7.9 Awards and honors 7.10 1992 presidential campaign 7.11 Public image 8 Post-presidency ( 1993 -- present ) 8.1 George W. Bush presidency 8.2 Presidential library 8.3 Later activities 8.4 Health 9 Electoral history 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 12.1 Primary sources 13 External links Early life and education See also : Bush family Young George H.W. Bush taking his first steps in Kennebunkport, Maine, c. 1925 George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12, 1924, to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy ( Walker ) Bush. The Bush family moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut, shortly after his birth. Growing up, his nickname was `` Poppy ''. Bush began his formal education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Beginning in 1938, he attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, where he held a number of leadership positions including president of the senior class, secretary of the student council, president of the community fund - raising group, a member of the editorial board of the school newspaper, and captain of both the varsity baseball and soccer teams. World War II Being rescued by the submarine USS Finback Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Bush decided to join the US. Navy, so after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1942, he became a naval aviator at the age of 18. After completing the 10 - month course, he was commissioned as an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi on June 9, 1943, just three days before his 19th birthday, which made him the youngest naval aviator to that date. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron ( VT - 51 ) as the photographic officer in September 1943. The following year, his squadron was based on USS San Jacinto as a member of Air Group 51, where his lanky physique earned him the nickname `` Skin ''. During this time, the task force was victorious in one of the largest air battles of World War II : the Battle of the Philippine Sea. After Bush 's promotion to Lieutenant ( junior grade ) on August 1, 1944, San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands. Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT - 51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichijima. His crew for the mission, which occurred on September 2, 1944, included Radioman Second Class John Delaney and Lieutenant Junior Grade William White. During their attack, the Avengers encountered intense anti-aircraft fire ; Bush 's aircraft was hit by flak and his engine caught on fire. Despite his plane being on fire, Bush completed his attack and released bombs over his target, scoring several damaging hits. With his engine ablaze, Bush flew several miles from the island, where he and one other crew member on the TBM Avenger bailed out of the aircraft ; the other man 's parachute did not open. Bush waited for four hours in an inflated raft, while several fighters circled protectively overhead until he was rescued by the lifeguard submarine USS Finback. For the next month he remained on Finback, and participated in the rescue of other pilots. Several of those shot down during the attack were executed, their livers eaten by their captors. George Bush in his Grumman TBM Avenger on the carrier USS San Jacinto in 1944 Bush subsequently returned to San Jacinto in November 1944 and participated in operations in the Philippines until his squadron was replaced and sent home to the United States. Through 1944, he flew 58 combat missions for which he received the Distinguished Flying Cross, three Air Medals, and the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to San Jacinto. Because of his valuable combat experience, Bush was reassigned to Norfolk Navy Base and put in a training wing for new torpedo pilots. He was later assigned as a naval aviator in a new torpedo squadron, VT - 153, based at Naval Air Station Grosse Ile, Michigan. Upon the Japanese surrender in 1945, Bush was honorably discharged in September of that year. Marriage and College years George Bush married Barbara Pierce on January 6, 1945, only weeks after his return from the Pacific. The couple 's first residence was a small rented apartment in Trenton, Michigan, near Bush 's Navy assignment at NAS Grosse Ile. Their marriage produced six children : George Walker Bush ( born 1946 ), Pauline Robinson `` Robin '' Bush ( 1949 -- 1953, died of leukemia ), John Ellis `` Jeb '' Bush ( born 1953 ), Neil Mallon Pierce Bush ( born 1955 ), Marvin Pierce Bush ( born 1956 ), and Dorothy Bush Koch ( born 1959 ). Bush had been accepted to Yale University prior to his enlistment in the military and took up the offer after his discharge and marriage. While at Yale, he was enrolled in an accelerated program that allowed him to graduate in two and a half years, rather than four. He was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and was elected its president. He also captained the Yale baseball team, and as a left - handed first baseman, played in the first two College World Series. As the team captain, Bush met Babe Ruth before a game during his senior year. He was also, like his father, a member of the Yale cheerleading squad. Late in his junior year he was, like his father Prescott Bush ( 1917 ), initiated into the Skull and Bones secret society. He graduated as a member of the Phi Beta Kappa from Yale in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. Business career After graduating from Yale, Bush moved his young family to West Texas. His father 's business connections proved useful as he ventured into the oil business, starting as an oil field equipment salesman for Dresser Industries, a subsidiary of Brown Brothers Harriman ( where Prescott Bush had served on the board of directors for 22 years ). While working for Dresser, Bush lived in various places with his family : Odessa, Texas ; Ventura, Bakersfield and Compton, California ; and Midland, Texas. ( According to eldest son George W. Bush, then age two, the family lived in one of the few duplexes in Odessa with an indoor bathroom, which they `` shared with a couple of hookers ''. ) Bush started the Bush - Overbey Oil Development company in 1951 and in 1953 co-founded the Zapata Petroleum Corporation, an oil company that drilled in the Permian Basin in Texas. In 1954 he was named president of the Zapata Offshore Company, a subsidiary which specialized in offshore drilling. In 1959, shortly after the subsidiary became independent, Bush moved the company and his family from Midland to Houston. He continued serving as president of the company until 1964, and later chairman until 1966, but his ambitions turned political. By that time, Bush had become a millionaire. According to Time.com, Bush had a net worth of $20 million in 2015. Political career ( 1964 -- 80 ) Congressional years ( 1967 -- 71 ) Bush in 1969 Bush served as Chairman of the Republican Party for Harris County, Texas in 1964, but wanted to be more involved in policy making, so he set his sights high : he aimed for a U.S. Senate seat from Texas. After winning the Republican primary, Bush faced his opponent, incumbent Democrat Ralph W. Yarborough, who attacked Bush as a right - wing extremist. Bush was a strong supporter of Republican Senator Barry Goldwater, who headed the Republican ticket as the presidential candidate. Like Goldwater, Bush strongly opposed civil rights legislation in the name of states rights. Yarborough, a leading Texas liberal, supported the civil rights legislation and was reelected by 56 % - 44 %. The Republican candidate for governor, Jack Crichton of Dallas, who often campaigned alongside Bush before the election, lost by a much wider margin to Governor John B. Connally Jr. Bush and the Harris County Republicans played a role in the development of the new Republican Party of the late 20th century. First, Bush worked to absorb the John Birch Society members, who were trying to take over the Republican Party. Second, during and after the Civil Rights Movement, Democrats in the South who were committed to segregation left their party, and although the `` country club Republicans '' had differing ideological beliefs, they found common ground in hoping to expel the Democrats from power. Bush with President Dwight D. Eisenhower Bush was elected in 1966 to a House of Representatives seat from the 7th District of Texas, defeating with 57 percent of the ballots cast the Democrat Frank Briscoe, the district attorney of Harris County known for his law and order credentials and a cousin of later Governor Dolph Briscoe. Bush was the first Republican to represent Houston in the U.S. House. Bush 's representative district included Tanglewood, the Houston neighborhood that was his residence ; his family had moved into Tanglewood in the 1960s. His voting record in the House was generally conservative : Bush voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1968, although it was generally unpopular in his district. He supported the Nixon administration 's Vietnam policies, but broke with Republicans on the issue of birth control, which he supported. Despite being a first - term congressman, Bush was appointed to the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, where he voted to abolish the military draft. He was elected to a second term in 1968. In 1970 Nixon convinced Bush to relinquish his House seat to run for the Senate against Ralph Yarborough, a fierce Nixon critic. In the Republican primary, Bush easily defeated conservative Robert J. Morris, by a margin of 87.6 % to 12.4 %. Nixon came to Texas to campaign in Longview for Bush and gubernatorial candidate Paul Eggers, a Dallas lawyer who was a close friend of U.S. Senator John G. Tower. Former Congressman Lloyd Bentsen, a more moderate Democrat and native of Mission in south Texas, defeated Yarborough in the Democratic primary. Yarborough endorsed Bentsen, who defeated Bush, 53.4 to 46.6 %. As Bush 's political career waned, he moved out of Houston and sold his first Tanglewood house, but for periods of time continued to reside in Tanglewood. Ambassador to the United Nations ( 1971 -- 73 ) Bush as ambassador to the United Nations, 1971 Following his 1970 loss, Bush was well known as a prominent Republican businessman from the `` Sun Belt '', a group of states in the Southern part of the country. Nixon noticed and appreciated the sacrifice Bush had made of his Congressional position, so he appointed him Ambassador to the United Nations. He was confirmed unanimously by the Senate, and served for two years, beginning in 1971. Chairman of the Republican National Committee ( 1973 -- 74 ) Amidst the Watergate scandal, Nixon asked Bush to become chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1973. Bush accepted, and held this position when the popularity of both Nixon and the Republican Party plummeted. He defended Nixon steadfastly, but later as Nixon 's complicity became clear, Bush focused more on defending the Republican Party, while still maintaining loyalty to Nixon. As chairman, Bush formally requested that Nixon eventually resign for the good of the Republican party. Nixon did this on August 9, 1974 ; Bush noted in his diary that `` There was an aura of sadness, like somebody died... The ( resignation ) speech was vintage Nixon -- a kick or two at the press -- enormous strains. One could n't help but look at the family and the whole thing and think of his accomplishments and then think of the shame... ( President Gerald Ford 's swearing - in offered ) indeed a new spirit, a new lift. '' Envoy to China ( 1974 -- 75 ) Bush as United States Liaison to China, circa 1975 Gerald Ford, Nixon 's successor, appointed Bush to be Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in the People 's Republic of China. Since the United States at the time maintained official relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan and not the People 's Republic of China, the Liaison Office did not have the official status of an embassy and Bush did not formally hold the position of `` ambassador '', though he unofficially acted as one. The 14 months that he spent in China were largely seen as beneficial for U.S. - China relations. After Ford 's accession to the presidency, Bush was under serious consideration for being nominated as Vice President. Ford eventually narrowed his list to Nelson Rockefeller and Bush. White House Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld reportedly preferred Rockefeller over Bush. Rockefeller was finally named and confirmed. Bush was again passed over for the vice presidency by Ford when the president chose Bush 's future presidential rival, Senator Bob Dole, to replace Rockefeller on the 1976 presidential ticket. Director of Central Intelligence ( 1976 -- 77 ) Bush, as CIA Director, listens at a meeting following the assassinations in Beirut of Francis E. Meloy, Jr. and Robert O. Waring, 1976. In 1976 Ford brought Bush back to Washington to become Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ), replacing William Colby. He served in this role for 357 days, from January 30, 1976, to January 20, 1977. The CIA had been rocked by a series of revelations, including those based on investigations by the Church Committee regarding illegal and unauthorized activities by the CIA, and Bush was credited with helping to restore the agency 's morale. In his capacity as DCI, Bush gave national security briefings to Jimmy Carter both as a Presidential candidate and as President - elect, and discussed the possibility of remaining in that position in a Carter administration, but did not do so. He was succeeded by Deputy Director of Central Intelligence E. Henry Knoche, who served as acting Director of Central Intelligence until Stansfield Turner was confirmed. Other positions ( 1977 -- 81 ) After a Democratic administration took power in 1977, Bush became chairman on the Executive Committee of the First International Bank in Houston. He later spent a year as a part - time professor of Administrative Science at Rice University 's Jones School of Business beginning in 1978, the year it opened ; Bush said of his time there, `` I loved my brief time in the world of academia. '' Between 1977 and 1979, he was a director of the Council on Foreign Relations foreign policy organization. 1980 presidential campaign See also : United States presidential election, 1980 Campaign logo Bush ( far right ) in the Nashua debate with Reagan ( far left ) and the moderator Bush had decided in the late 1970s that he was going to run for president in 1980 ; in 1979, he attended 850 political events and traveled more than 250,000 miles ( 400,000 km ) to campaign for the nation 's highest office. In the contest for the Republican Party nomination, Bush stressed his wide range of government experience, while competing against rivals Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee, Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, Congressman John Anderson of Illinois ( who would later run as an independent ), Congressman Phil Crane, also of Illinois, former Governor John Connally of Texas, former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, and the front - runner Ronald Reagan, former actor, and Governor of California. In the primary election, Bush focused almost entirely on the Iowa caucuses, while Reagan ran a more traditional campaign. Bush represented the centrist wing in the GOP, whereas Reagan represented conservatives. Bush famously labeled Reagan 's supply side - influenced plans for massive tax cuts `` voodoo economics ''. His strategy proved useful, to some degree, as he won in Iowa with 31.5 % to Reagan 's 29.4 %. After the win, Bush stated that his campaign was full of momentum, or `` Big Mo ''. As a result of the loss, Reagan replaced his campaign manager, reorganized his staff, and concentrated on the New Hampshire primary. The two men agreed to a debate in the state, organized by the Nashua Telegraph, but paid for by the Reagan campaign. Reagan invited the other four candidates as well, but Bush refused to debate them, and eventually they left. The debate proved to be a pivotal moment in the campaign ; when the moderator, John Breen, ordered Reagan 's microphone turned off, his angry response, `` I am paying for this microphone, '' struck a chord with the public. Bush ended up losing New Hampshire 's primary with 23 % to Reagan 's 50 %. Bush lost most of the remaining primaries as well, and formally dropped out of the race in May of that year. With his political future seeming dismal, Bush sold his house in Houston and bought his grandfather 's estate in Kennebunkport, Maine, known as `` Walker 's Point ''. At the Republican Convention, Reagan selected Bush as his Vice Presidential nominee, placing him on the winning Republican presidential ticket of 1980. Vice presidency ( 1981 -- 89 ) See also : Presidency of Ronald Reagan Vice Presidential portrait First term, 1981 -- 85 As Vice President, Bush generally took on a low profile while recognizing the constitutional limits of the office ; he avoided decision - making or criticizing Reagan in any way. As had become customary, he and his wife moved into the Vice President 's residence at Number One Observatory Circle, about two miles from the White House. After selling the house in Tanglewood, the Bushes declared a room in The Houstonian Hotel in Houston as their official voting address. The Bushes attended a large number of public and ceremonial events in their positions, including many state funerals, which became a common joke for comedians. Mrs. Bush found the funerals largely beneficial, saying, `` George met with many current or future heads of state at the funerals he attended, enabling him to forge personal relationships that were important to President Reagan. '' As the President of the Senate, Bush stayed in contact with members of Congress, and kept the president informed on occurrences on Capitol Hill. Bush with President Ronald Reagan On March 30, 1981, early into the administration, Reagan was shot and seriously wounded by John Hinckley, Jr. in Washington, D.C. Bush, second in command by the presidential line of succession, was in Fort Worth, Texas, and flew back to Washington immediately. Reagan 's cabinet convened in the White House Situation Room, where they discussed various issues, including the availability of the Nuclear Football. When Bush 's plane landed, his aides advised him to proceed directly to the White House by helicopter, as an image of the government still functioning despite the attack. Bush rejected the idea, responding, `` Only the President lands on the South Lawn. '' This made a positive impression on Reagan, who recovered and returned to work within two weeks. From then on, the two men would have regular Thursday lunches in the Oval Office. In June 1981, during a Tulsa, Oklahoma Republican fundraiser, Bush stated President Reagan was unwilling to make additional tax cut compromises with Congress. In September 1981, Bush traveled to Mexico for participation in Independence Day celebrations there, Bush saying in a statement that President Reagan was `` deeply committed to strengthening the friendship and cooperation between our countries ''. In November 1981, Bush toured western Texas to offer support for beleaguered Director of the Office of Management and Budget David Stockman, who he believed was intelligent but needed to adjust to managing journalists. In December 1981, during an interview, Bush stated that he was convinced news leaks by unnamed administration officials were correct and had succeeded in hurting President Reagan : `` I really feel we have been undisciplined in this White House. We 've not served the president well by these leaks. '' In December 1983 Bush flew to El Salvador and warned that country 's military leaders to end their death squads and hold fully free elections or face the loss of U.S. aid. Bush 's aides feared for his safety and thought about calling the meeting off when they discovered apparent blood stains on the floor of the presidential palace of Álvaro Magaña. Bush was never told of the aides ' concerns and a tense meeting was held in which some of Magaña 's personnel brandished semiautomatic weapons and refused requests to take them outside. Bush was assigned by Reagan to chair two special task forces, on deregulation and international drug smuggling. The deregulation task force reviewed hundreds of rules, making specific recommendations on which ones to amend or revise, in order to curb the size of the federal government. The drug smuggling task force coordinated federal efforts to reduce the quantity of drugs entering the United States. Both were popular issues with conservatives, and Bush, largely a moderate, began courting them through his work. Second term, 1985 -- 89 Reagan and Bush ran for reelection in 1984. The Democratic opponent, Walter Mondale, made history by choosing a woman as his running mate, New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro. She and Bush squared off in a single televised Vice Presidential debate. Serving as a contrast to the Ivy - League educated Bush, Ferraro represented a `` blue - collar '' district in Queens, New York ; this, coupled with her popularity among female journalists, left Bush at a disadvantage. Regardless, the Reagan - Bush ticket won in a landslide against the Mondale - Ferraro ticket. Early into his second term as Vice President, Bush and his aides were planning a run for the presidency in 1988. By the end of 1985, a committee had been established and over two million dollars raised for Bush. In mid-March 1985, Bush attended the funeral of Konstantin Chernenko, telling reporters in Geneva, Switzerland that he had `` brought a message with me to Moscow from President Reagan. It is a message of peace. '' During this trip, Bush pledged the US would planned military pullout from Grenada during a rally, met with President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega for discussions on the four - point plan for peace of the Sandinista government in Brazil, and stated America would be committed in combatting the Sandinista regime within Nicaragua during an address in Honduras. Bush became the first Vice President to serve as Acting President when, on July 13, 1985, Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon, making Bush acting president for approximately eight hours. The Reagan administration was shaken by a scandal in 1986, when it was revealed that administration officials had secretly arranged weapon sales to Iran, and had used the proceeds to fund the anticommunist Contras in Nicaragua, a direct violation of the law. When the Iran - Contra Affair, as it became known, broke to the media, Bush, like Reagan, stated that he had been `` out of the loop '' and unaware of the diversion of funds, although this was later questioned. His diaries from that time stated `` I 'm one of the few people that know fully the details '' and as a result of six pardons by Bush, the independent counsel 's final report on the Iran - Contra Affair pointedly noted : `` The criminal investigation of Bush was regrettably incomplete. '' In March 1986, Bush outlined the government 's policy on the combating of terrorism in an interagency task force report presented to President Reagan and said publicly the strategy of the federal government was to retaliate without `` wantonly '' terminating human lives. In early April 1986, Bush traveled to the Persian Gulf, hoping to preserve peace. Bush stressed the importance of the job of USS La Salle crew members as `` one of the most important jobs in the world '' while in Bahrain, and described American relations with North Yemen as being of high magnitude during his visit to the latter country. In May, Bush underwent a procedure to remove a malignant growth his left cheek, his spokesman Marlin Fitzwater saying the growth had been found by doctors weeks prior. In September 1987, Bush began a month long trip to Poland and European allied countries. On September 28, Bush delivered a televised address pledging that the US would forever be aligned with Poland. Bush 's campaign director Roger Ailes and others were concerned that Bush was seen as a `` wimp '', an image put to rest by his evident fury in an interview with Dan Rather. As Vice President, Bush officially opened the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis. In 1988, the guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes accidentally shot down Iran Air Flight 655, killing 290 passengers. Bush said that he would `` never apologize for the United States of America. Ever. I do n't care what the facts are. '' 1988 presidential campaign Main article : United States presidential election, 1988 Campaign logo Vice President Bush campaigns in St. Louis, Missouri, with John Ashcroft, 1988 In the January 26, 1987, issue of Time magazine, in an article entitled `` Where Is the Real George Bush ? '' journalist Robert Ajemian reported that a friend of Bush 's had urged him to spend several days at Camp David thinking through his plans for his prospective presidency, to which Bush is said to have responded in exasperation, `` Oh, the vision thing. '' This oft - cited quote became a shorthand for the charge that Bush failed to contemplate or articulate important policy positions in a compelling and coherent manner. The phrase has since become a metonym for any politician 's failure to incorporate a greater vision in a campaign, and has often been applied in the media to other politicians or public figures. Bush had been planning a presidential run since as early as 1985, and entered the Republican primary for President of the United States in October 1987. His challengers for the Republican presidential nomination included U.S. Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, U.S. Representative Jack Kemp of New York, former Governor Pete DuPont of Delaware, and conservative Christian televangelist Pat Robertson. Though considered the early frontrunner for the nomination, Bush came in third in the Iowa caucus, behind winner Dole and runner - up Robertson. Much as Reagan did in 1980, Bush reorganized his staff and concentrated on the New Hampshire primary. With Dole ahead in New Hampshire, Bush ran television commercials portraying the senator as a tax raiser ; he rebounded to win the state 's primary. Following the primary, Bush and Dole had a joint media appearance, when the interviewer asked Dole if he had anything to say to Bush, Dole said, in response to the ads, `` yeah, stop lying about my record '' in an angry tone. This is thought to have hurt Dole 's campaign to Bush 's benefit. Bush continued seeing victory, winning many Southern primaries as well. Once the multiple - state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bush 's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his. Leading up to the 1988 Republican National Convention, there was much speculation as to Bush 's choice of running mate. Bush chose little - known U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana, favored by conservatives. Despite Reagan 's popularity, Bush trailed Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis, then Governor of Massachusetts, in most polls. Bush, occasionally criticized for his lack of eloquence when compared to Reagan, delivered a well - received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention. Known as the `` thousand points of light '' speech, it described Bush 's vision of America : he endorsed the Pledge of Allegiance, prayer in schools, capital punishment, gun rights, and opposed abortion. The speech at the convention included Bush 's famous pledge : `` Read my lips : no new taxes. '' The 1988 presidential electoral votes by state The general election campaign between the two men was described in 2008 as one of the dirtiest in modern times. Bush blamed Dukakis for polluting the Boston Harbor as the Massachusetts governor. Bush also pointed out that Dukakis was opposed to a law that would require all students to say the Pledge of Allegiance, a topic well covered in Bush 's nomination acceptance speech. Dukakis 's unconditional opposition to capital punishment led to a pointed question being asked during the presidential debates. Moderator Bernard Shaw asked Dukakis if Dukakis would hypothetically support the death penalty if his wife, Kitty, were raped and murdered. Dukakis 's response of no, as well as a provocative ad about convicted felon Willie Horton, contributed toward Bush 's characterization of Dukakis as `` soft on crime ''. Bush defeated Dukakis and his running mate, Lloyd Bentsen, in the Electoral College, by 426 to 111 ( Bentsen received one vote from a faithless elector ). In the nationwide popular vote, Bush took 53.4 % of the ballots cast while Dukakis received 45.6 %. Bush became the first serving Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren in 1836 as well as the first person to succeed someone from his own party to the Presidency via election to the office in his own right since Herbert Hoover in 1929. Presidency ( 1989 -- 93 ) Main article : Presidency of George H.W. Bush Chief Justice William Rehnquist administering the oath of office to President Bush during Inaugural ceremonies at the United States Capitol, January 20, 1989 Bush was inaugurated on January 20, 1989, succeeding Ronald Reagan. He entered office at a period of change in the world ; the fall of the Berlin Wall came early in his presidency, the collapse of Soviet Union came in 1991. He ordered military operations in Panama and the Persian Gulf, and, at one point, was recorded as having a record - high approval rating of 89 %. In his Inaugural Address, Bush said : I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn ; for in man 's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken. The Bush Cabinet Office Name Term President George H.W. Bush 1989 -- 1993 Vice President Dan Quayle 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of State James Baker 1989 -- 1992 Lawrence Eagleburger 1992 -- 1993 Secretary of Treasury Nicholas Brady 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney 1989 -- 1993 Attorney General Dick Thornburgh 1989 -- 1991 William Barr 1991 -- 1993 Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of Agriculture Clayton Yeutter 1989 -- 1991 Edward Madigan 1991 -- 1993 Secretary of Commerce Robert Mosbacher 1989 -- 1992 Barbara Hackman Franklin 1992 -- 1993 Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole 1989 -- 1990 Lynn Martin 1991 -- 1993 Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis Sullivan 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of Education Lauro Cavazos 1989 -- 1990 Lamar Alexander 1990 -- 1993 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of Transportation Samuel Skinner 1989 -- 1992 Andrew Card 1992 -- 1993 Secretary of Energy James Watkins 1989 -- 1993 Secretary of Veterans Affairs Ed Derwinski 1989 -- 1993 Chief of Staff John H. Sununu 1989 -- 1991 Samuel Skinner 1991 -- 1992 James Baker 1992 -- 1993 Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency William Reilly 1989 -- 1993 Director of the Office of Management and Budget Richard Darman 1989 -- 1993 Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy William Bennett 1989 -- 1991 Bob Martinez 1991 -- 1993 United States Trade Representative Carla Anderson Hills 1989 -- 1993 Domestic policy Economy Early in his term, Bush faced the problem of what to do with leftover deficits spawned by the Reagan years. At $220 billion in 1990, the deficit had grown to three times its size since 1980. Bush was dedicated to curbing the deficit, believing that America could not continue to be a leader in the world without doing so. He began an effort to persuade the Democratic controlled Congress to act on the budget ; with Republicans believing that the best way was to cut government spending, and Democrats convinced that the only way would be to raise taxes, Bush faced problems when it came to consensus building. In the wake of a struggle with Congress, Bush was forced by the Democratic majority to raise tax revenues ; as a result, many Republicans felt betrayed because Bush had promised `` no new taxes '' in his 1988 campaign. Perceiving a means of revenge, Republican congressmen defeated Bush 's proposal which would enact spending cuts and tax increases that would reduce the deficit by $500 billion over five years. Scrambling, Bush accepted the Democrats ' demands for higher taxes and more spending, which alienated him from Republicans and gave way to a sharp decrease in popularity. Bush would later say that he wished he had never signed the bill. Near the end of the 101st Congress, the president and congressional members reached a compromise on a budget package that increased the marginal tax rate and phased out exemptions for high - income taxpayers. Although he originally demanded a reduction in the capital gains tax, Bush relented on this issue as well. This agreement with the Democratic leadership in Congress proved to be a turning point in the Bush presidency ; his popularity among Republicans never fully recovered. Bush 's approval ratings ( red ) compared to his disapproval ratings ( blue ) for his four - year presidency Coming at around the same time as the budget deal, America entered into a mild recession, lasting for six months. Many government programs, such as welfare, increased. As the unemployment rate edged upward in 1991, Bush signed a bill providing additional benefits for unemployed workers. The year 1991 was marked by many corporate reorganizations, which laid off a substantial number of workers. Many now unemployed were Republicans and independents, who had believed that their jobs were secure. By his second year in office, Bush was told by his economic advisors to stop dealing with the economy, as they believed that he had done everything necessary to ensure his reelection. By 1992, interest and inflation rates were the lowest in years, but by midyear the unemployment rate reached 7.8 %, the highest since 1984. In September 1992, the Census Bureau reported that 14.2 % of all Americans lived in poverty. At a press conference in 1990, Bush told reporters that he found foreign policy more enjoyable. Major initiatives See also : Environmental policy of the United States § The George H.W. Bush Administration ( 1988 -- 1992 ) During a speech to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, Bush announced a vision to complete Space Station Freedom, resume exploration of the Moon and begin exploration of Mars. Although a space station was eventually constructed -- work on the International Space Station began in 1998 -- other work has been confounded by NASA budgetary issues. In 1998, Bush received the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement 's National Space Trophy for his pioneering leadership of the U.S. space program. Bush signed a number of major laws in his presidency, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ; this was one of the most pro-civil rights bills in decades. He is also the only President to successfully veto a civil rights act, having vetoed the job - discrimination protection Civil Rights Act of 1990. Bush feared racial quotas would be imposed, but later approved watered - down Civil Rights Act of 1991. He worked to increase federal spending for education, childcare, and advanced technology research. He also signed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act which provides monetary compensation of people who had contracted cancer and a number of other specified diseases as a direct result of their exposure to atmospheric nuclear testing undertaken by the United States during the Cold War, or their exposure to high levels of radon while doing uranium mining. In dealing with the environment, Bush reauthorized the Clean Air Act, requiring cleaner burning fuels. He quarreled with Congress over an eventually signed bill to aid police in capturing criminals, and signed into law a measure to improve the nation 's highway system. Bush signed the Immigration Act of 1990, which led to a 40 percent increase in legal immigration to the United States. Bush became a life member of the National Rifle Association early in 1988 and had campaigned as a `` pro-gun '' candidate with the NRA 's endorsement. In March 1989, he placed a temporary ban on the import of certain semiautomatic rifles. This action cost him endorsement from the NRA in 1992. Bush publicly resigned his life membership in the organization after receiving a form letter from NRA depicting agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms as `` jack - booted thugs. '' He called the NRA letter a `` vicious slander on good people. '' Points of Light Main article : Points of Light President Bush devoted attention to voluntary service as a means of solving some of America 's most serious social problems. He often used the `` thousand points of light '' theme to describe the power of citizens to solve community problems. In his 1989 inaugural address, President Bush said, `` I have spoken of a thousand points of light, of all the community organizations that are spread like stars throughout the Nation, doing good. '' Four years later, in his report to the nation on The Points of Light Movement, President Bush said, `` Points of Light are the soul of America. They are ordinary people who reach beyond themselves to touch the lives of those in need, bringing hope and opportunity, care and friendship. By giving so generously of themselves, these remarkable individuals show us not only what is best in our heritage but what all of us are called to become. '' In 1990, the Points of Light Foundation was created as a nonprofit organization in Washington to promote this spirit of volunteerism. In 2007, the Points of Light Foundation merged with the Hands On Network with the goal of strengthening volunteerism, streamlining costs and services and deepening impact. Points of Light, the organization created through this merger, has approximately 250 affiliates in 22 countries and partnerships with thousands of nonprofits and companies dedicated to volunteer service around the world. In 2012, Points of Light mobilized 4 million volunteers in 30 million hours of service worth $635 million. On October 16, 2009, President Barack Obama held a Presidential Forum on Service hosted by former President George H.W. Bush and Points of Light at the George Bush Presidential Library Center on the campus of Texas A&M University. The event celebrated the contributions of more than 4,500 Daily Point of Light award winners and honored President Bush 's legacy of service and civic engagement. In 2011, Points of Light paid tribute to President George H.W. Bush and volunteer service at Washington, D.C. 's Kennedy Center. President Bush was joined by Presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush to highlight the role volunteer service plays in people 's lives. Daily Point of Light Award President Bush created the Daily Point of Light Award in 1989 to recognize ordinary Americans from all walks of life taking direct and consequential voluntary action in their communities to solve serious social problems. The President focused great attention on these individuals and organizations, both to honor them for their tremendous work and to call the nation to join them and multiply their efforts. By the end of his administration, President Bush had recognized 1,020 Daily Points of Light representing all 50 states and addressing issues ranging from care for infants and teenagers with AIDS to adult illiteracy and from gang violence to job training for the homeless. The Daily Point of Light continues to be awarded by Points of Light and President Bush continues to sign all of the awards. On July 15, 2013, President Barack Obama welcomed President Bush to the White House to celebrate the 5,000 th Daily Point of Light Award. They bestowed the award on Floyd Hammer and Kathy Hamilton of Union, Iowa, for their work founding Outreach, a nonprofit that delivers free meals to hungry children in 15 countries. Judicial appointments Supreme Court Main article : George H.W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Bush appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States : David Souter -- 1990 Clarence Thomas -- 1991 Other courts Main article : George H.W. Bush judicial appointments In addition to his two Supreme Court appointments, Bush appointed 42 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, and 148 judges to the United States district courts. Among these appointments was Vaughn R. Walker, who would later be revealed to be the earliest known gay federal judge. Bush also experienced a number of judicial appointment controversies, as 11 nominees for 10 federal appellate judgeships were not processed by the Democratically - controlled Senate Judiciary Committee. Foreign policy Bush speaks on the telephone regarding Operation Just Cause with General Brent Scowcroft and Chief of Staff John H. Sununu, 1989 Panama Main article : United States invasion of Panama In the 1980s, Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, a once U.S. - supportive leader who was later accused of spying for Fidel Castro and using Panama to traffic drugs into the United States, was one of the most recognizable names in America and was constantly in the press. The struggle to remove him from power began in the Reagan administration, when economic sanctions were imposed on the country ; this included prohibiting American companies and government from making payments to Panama and freezing $56 million in Panamanian funds in American banks. Reagan sent more than 2,000 American troops to Panama as well. Unlike Reagan, Bush was able to remove Noriega from power, but his administration 's unsuccessful post-invasion planning hindered the needs of Panama during the establishment of the young democratic government. In May 1989, Panama held democratic elections, in which Guillermo Endara was elected president ; the results were then annulled by Noriega 's government. In response, Bush sent 2,000 more troops to the country, where they began conducting regular military exercises in Panamanian territory ( in violation of prior treaties ). Bush then removed an embassy and ambassador from the country, and dispatched additional troops to Panama to prepare the way for an upcoming invasion. Noriega suppressed an October military coup attempt and massive protests in Panama against him, but after a U.S. serviceman was shot by Panamanian forces in December 1989, Bush ordered 24,000 troops into the country with an objective of removing Noriega from power ; `` Operation Just Cause '' was a large - scale American military operation, and the first in more than 40 years that was not related to the Cold War. The mission was controversial, but American forces achieved control of the country and Endara assumed the Presidency. Noriega surrendered to the United States and was convicted and imprisoned on racketeering and drug trafficking charges in April 1992. President Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush visited Panama in June 1992, to give support to the first post-invasion Panamanian government. Soviet Union See also : Dissolution of the Soviet Union, New world order ( politics ), A World Transformed, and History of the United States ( 1980 - 91 ) § The end of the Cold War Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki summit in 1990 In 1989, just after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Bush met with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in a conference on the Mediterranean island of Malta. The administration had been under intense pressure to meet with the Soviets, but not all initially found the Malta Summit to be a step in the right direction ; General Brent Scowcroft, among others, was apprehensive about the meeting, saying that it might be `` premature '' due to concerns where, according to Condoleezza Rice, `` expectations ( would be ) set that something was going to happen, where the Soviets might grandstand and force ( the U.S. ) into agreements that would ultimately not be good for the United States. '' But European leaders, including François Mitterrand and Margaret Thatcher, encouraged Bush to meet with Gorbachev, something that he did December 2 and 3, 1989. Though no agreements were signed, the meeting was viewed largely as being an important one ; when asked about nuclear war, Gorbachev responded, `` I assured the President of the United States that the Soviet Union would never start a hot war against the United States of America. And we would like our relations to develop in such a way that they would open greater possibilities for cooperation... This is just the beginning. We are just at the very beginning of our road, long road to a long - lasting, peaceful period. '' The meeting was received as a very important step to the end of the Cold War. Another summit was held in July 1991, where the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty ( START I ) was signed by Bush and Gorbachev in Moscow. The treaty took nine years in the making and was the first major arms agreement since the signing of the Intermediate Ranged Nuclear Forces Treaty by Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987. The contentions in START would reduce the strategic nuclear weapons of the United States and the USSR by about 35 % over seven years, and the Soviet Union 's land - based intercontinental ballistic missiles would be cut by 50 %. Bush described START as `` a significant step forward in dispelling half a century of mistrust ''. After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, President Bush and Gorbachev declared a U.S. - Russian strategic partnership, marking the end of the Cold War. Gulf War Main article : Gulf War President Bush visited American troops in Saudi Arabia on Thanksgiving Day, 1990 On August 2, 1990, Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, invaded its oil - rich neighbor to the south, Kuwait ; Bush condemned the invasion and began rallying opposition to Iraq in the US and among European, Asian, and Middle Eastern allies. Secretary of Defense Richard Bruce `` Dick '' Cheney traveled to Saudi Arabia to meet with King Fahd ; Fahd requested US military aid in the matter, fearing a possible invasion of his country as well. The request was met initially with Air Force fighter jets. Iraq made attempts to negotiate a deal that would allow the country to take control of half of Kuwait. Bush rejected this proposal and insisted on a complete withdrawal of Iraqi forces. The planning of a ground operation by US - led coalition forces began forming in September 1990, headed by General Norman Schwarzkopf. Bush spoke before a joint session of the U.S. Congress regarding the authorization of air and land attacks, laying out four immediate objectives : `` Iraq must withdraw from Kuwait completely, immediately, and without condition. Kuwait 's legitimate government must be restored. The security and stability of the Persian Gulf must be assured. And American citizens abroad must be protected. '' He then outlined a fifth, long - term objective : `` Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective -- a new world order -- can emerge : a new era -- freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony... A world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle. A world in which nations recognize the shared responsibility for freedom and justice. A world where the strong respect the rights of the weak. '' With the United Nations Security Council opposed to Iraq 's violence, Congress authorized the use of military force with a set goal of returning control of Kuwait to the Kuwaiti government, and protecting America 's interests abroad. Bush meets with Robert Gates, General Colin Powell, Secretary Dick Cheney and others about the situation in the Persian Gulf and Operation Desert Shield, January 15, 1991 Early on the morning of January 17, 1991, allied forces launched the first attack, which included more than 4,000 bombing runs by coalition aircraft. This pace would continue for the next four weeks, until a ground invasion was launched on February 24, 1991. Allied forces penetrated Iraqi lines and pushed toward Kuwait City while on the west side of the country, forces were intercepting the retreating Iraqi army. Bush made the decision to stop the offensive after a mere 100 hours. Critics labeled this decision premature, as hundreds of Iraqi forces were able to escape ; Bush responded by saying that he wanted to minimize U.S. casualties. Opponents further charged that Bush should have continued the attack, pushing Hussein 's army back to Baghdad, then removing him from power. Bush explained that he did not give the order to overthrow the Iraqi government because it would have `` incurred incalculable human and political costs... We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq. '' Bush 's approval ratings skyrocketed after the successful offensive. Additionally, President Bush and Secretary of State Baker felt the coalition victory had increased U.S. prestige abroad and believed there was a window of opportunity to use the political capital generated by the coalition victory to revitalize the Arab - Israeli peace process. The administration immediately returned to Arab - Israeli peacemaking following the end of the Gulf War ; this resulted in the Madrid Conference, later in 1991. Somali Civil War Main article : Somali Civil War Faced with a humanitarian disaster in Somalia, exacerbated by a complete breakdown in civil order, the United Nations had created the UNOSOM I mission in April 1992 to aid the situation through humanitarian efforts, though the mission failed. The Bush administration proposed American aid to the region by assisting in creating a secure environment for humanitarian efforts and UN Resolution 794 was unanimously adopted by the Security Council on December 3, 1992. A lame duck president, Bush launched Operation Restore Hope the following day under which the United States would assume command in accordance with Resolution 794. Fighting would escalate and continue into the Clinton administration. NAFTA Main article : North American Free Trade Agreement From left to right : ( standing ) President Carlos Salinas, President Bush, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney ; ( seated ) Jaime Serra Puche, Carla Hills, and Michael Wilson at the NAFTA Initialing Ceremony, October 1992 Bush 's administration, along with the Progressive Conservative Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, spearheaded the negotiations of the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ), which would eliminate the majority of tariffs on products traded among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, to encourage trade amongst the countries. The treaty also restricts patents, copyrights, and trademarks, and outlines the removal of investment restrictions among the three countries. The agreement came under heavy scrutiny amongst mainly Democrats, who charged that NAFTA resulted in a loss of American jobs. NAFTA also contained no provisions for labor rights ; according to the Bush administration, the trade agreement would generate economic resources necessary to enable Mexico 's government to overcome problems of funding and enforcement of its labor laws. Bush needed a renewal of negotiating authority to move forward with the NAFTA trade talks. Such authority would enable the president to negotiate a trade accord that would be submitted to Congress for a vote, thereby avoiding a situation in which the president would be required to renegotiate with trading partners those parts of an agreement that Congress wished to change. While initial signing was possible during his term, negotiations made slow, but steady, progress. President Clinton would go on to make the passage of NAFTA a priority for his administration, despite its conservative and Republican roots -- with the addition of two side agreements -- to achieve its passage in 1993. The treaty has since been defended as well as criticized further. The American economy has grown 54 % since the adoption of NAFTA in 1993, with 25 million new jobs created ; this was seen by some as evidence of NAFTA being beneficial to the United States. With talk in early 2008 regarding a possible American withdrawal from the treaty, Carlos M. Gutierrez, current United States Secretary of Commerce, writes, `` Quitting NAFTA would send economic shock waves throughout the world, and the damage would start here at home. '' But John J. Sweeney, President of the AFL - CIO, wrote in The Boston Globe that `` the U.S. trade deficit with Canada and Mexico ballooned to 12 times its pre-NAFTA size, reaching $111 billion in 2004. '' Bush and Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet On January 8, 1992, Bush fainted after vomiting at a banquet hosted by the then Prime Minister of Japan, Kiichi Miyazawa. Bush was suffering from gastroenteritis. Pardons Main article : List of people pardoned by George H.W. Bush As other presidents have done, Bush issued a series of pardons during his last days in office. On December 24, 1992, he granted executive clemency to six former government employees implicated in the Iran - Contra scandal of the late 1980s, most prominently former Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. Bush described Weinberger, who was scheduled to stand trial on January 5, 1993, for criminal charges related to Iran - Contra, as a `` true American patriot ''. In addition to Weinberger, Bush pardoned Duane R. Clarridge, Clair E. George, Robert C. McFarlane, Elliott Abrams, and Alan G. Fiers Jr., all of whom had been indicted and / or convicted of criminal charges by an Independent Counsel headed by Lawrence Walsh. Honorary Degrees Liberty University, awarded a Doctor of Humanities in 1990. Texas A&M University Sacred Heart University Dartmouth College, awarded a Doctor of Laws Harvard University awarded a Doctor of Laws degree on May 29, 2014. National Intelligence University awarded a Doctor of Strategic Intelligence degree on March 8, 2016. This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it. Awards and honors In 1990, Time magazine named him the Man of the Year. In 1991, the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Bush its Lone Sailor award for his naval service and his subsequent government service. In 1993, he was made an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath by Queen Elizabeth II. In 2009, he received the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award. 1992 presidential campaign Main article : United States presidential election, 1992 Bush announced his reelection bid in early 1992 ; with a coalition victory in the Persian Gulf War and high approval ratings, reelection initially looked likely. As a result, many leading Democrats declined to seek their party 's presidential nomination. But an economic recession, and doubts of whether Bush ended the Gulf War properly, reduced his popularity. Conservative political columnist Pat Buchanan challenged Bush for the Republican nomination, and shocked political pundits by finishing second, with 37 % of the vote, in the New Hampshire primary. Bush responded by adopting more conservative positions on issues, in an attempt to undermine Buchanan 's base. Once he had secured the nomination, Bush faced his challenger, Democrat and Governor of Arkansas William Jefferson `` Bill '' Clinton. Clinton attacked Bush as not doing enough to assist the working middle - class and being `` out of touch '' with the common man, a notion reinforced by reporter Andrew Rosenthal 's false report that Bush was `` astonished '' to see a demonstration of a supermarket scanner. The 1992 presidential electoral votes by state In early 1992, the race took an unexpected twist when Texas billionaire H. Ross Perot launched a third party bid, claiming that neither Republicans nor Democrats could eliminate the deficit and make government more efficient. His message appealed to voters across the political spectrum disappointed with both parties ' perceived fiscal irresponsibility. Perot later bowed out of the race for a short time, then reentered. Clinton had originally been in the lead, until Perot reentered, tightening the race significantly. Nearing election day, polls suggested that the race was a dead - heat, but Clinton pulled out on top, defeating Bush in a 43 % to 38 % popular vote margin. Perot won 19 % of the popular vote, one of the highest totals for a third party candidate in U.S. history, drawing equally from both major candidates, according to exit polls. Bush received 168 electoral votes to Clinton 's 370. Several factors were key in Bush 's defeat. The ailing economy which arose from recession may have been the main factor in Bush 's loss, as 7 in 10 voters said on election day that the economy was either `` not so good '' or `` poor ''. On the eve of the 1992 election, after unemployment reports of 7.8 % appeared ( the highest since 1984 ), Economic recession had contributed to a sharp decline in his approval rating -- to just 37 %. Conservative Republicans point to Bush 's 1990 agreement to raise taxes in contradiction of his famous `` Read my lips : no new taxes '' pledge. In doing so, Bush alienated many members of his conservative base, losing their support for his re-election. According to one survey, of the voters who cited Bush 's broken `` No New Taxes '' pledge as `` very important '', two thirds voted for Bill Clinton. Bush had raised taxes in an attempt to address an increasing budget deficit, which has largely been attributed to the Reagan tax cuts and military spending of the 1980s. The tax revenue increase had not hurt his approval ratings to the extent that it prevented it from reaching 89 % during the Gulf War, four months after the tax vote. By February 1991 his approval rating rose to its highest level -- 89 %. Public image Bush is visiting NAS JRB, New Orleans personnel before receiving briefs on the status of Joint Task Force Katrina relief efforts, October 2005 George Bush was widely seen as a `` pragmatic caretaker '' president who lacked a unified and compelling long - term theme in his efforts. Indeed, Bush 's sound bite where he refers to the issue of overarching purpose as `` the vision thing '' has become a metonym applied to other political figures accused of similar difficulties. `` He does not say why he wants to be there '', wrote columnist George Will, `` so the public does not know why it should care if he gets his way ''. His Ivy League and prep school education led to warnings by advisors that his image was too `` preppy '' in 1980, which resulted in deliberate efforts in his 1988 campaign to shed the image, including meeting voters at factories and shopping malls, abandoning set speeches. His ability to gain broad international support for the Gulf War and the war 's result were seen as both a diplomatic and military triumph, rousing bipartisan approval, though his decision to withdraw without removing Saddam Hussein left mixed feelings, and attention returned to the domestic front and a souring economy. A New York Times article mistakenly depicted Bush as being surprised to see a supermarket barcode reader ; the report of his reaction exacerbated the notion that he was `` out of touch ''. Amid the early 1990s recession, his image shifted from `` conquering hero '' to `` politician befuddled by economic matters ''. Although Bush became the first elected Republican president since Hoover in 1932 to lose a reelection bid ( facing a 34 % approval rating leading up to the 1992 election ), the mood did not last. Despite his defeat, Bush climbed back from election day approval levels to leave office in 1993 with a 56 % job approval rating. By December 2008, 60 % of Americans gave Bush 's presidency a positive rating. Post-presidency ( 1993 -- present ) Upon leaving office, Bush retired with his wife, Barbara, and temporarily moved into a friend 's house near the Tanglewood community of Houston as they prepared to build a permanent retirement house nearby. Ultimately they built their retirement house in the community of West Oaks, near Tanglewood. They had a presidential office within the Park Laureate Building on Memorial Drive. Mimi Swartz of National Geographic wrote that `` The Bushes are too studiously sedate to live in River Oaks ''. They spend the summer at Walker 's Point in Kennebunkport, Maine. On January 10, 1999, the Bushes became the longest - married Presidential couple in history, outlasting John and Abigail Adams, who were married for 54 years and 3 days. At 70 years as of January 2015, they still hold the record, by a year and a half, over Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Bush co-founded an annual fishing tournament in Islamorada, an island in the Florida Keys, which was held annually for 10 years. In 1993, Bush was awarded an honorary knighthood ( GCB ) by Queen Elizabeth II. He was the third American president to receive the honor, the others being Dwight D. Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. In 1993, Bush visited Kuwait to commemorate the coalition 's victory over Iraq in the Gulf War, where he was targeted in an assassination plot. Kuwaiti authorities arrested 17 people allegedly involved in using a car bomb to kill Bush. Through interviews with the suspects and examinations of the bomb 's circuitry and wiring, the FBI established that the plot had been directed by the Iraqi Intelligence Service. A Kuwaiti court later convicted all but one of the defendants. Two months later, in retaliation, Clinton ordered the firing of 23 cruise missiles at Iraqi Intelligence Service headquarters in Baghdad. The day before the strike, U.S. Ambassador to the UN Madeleine Albright went before the Security Council to present evidence of the Iraqi plot. After the missiles were fired, Vice President Al Gore said the attack `` was intended to be a proportionate response at the place where this plot '' to assassinate Bush `` was hatched and implemented ''. In September 1993, Bush was invited back to the White House along with other living former presidents for an Arab - Israeli peace accord as well as make the case to Clinton for a repeal of NAFTA. In the 1994 elections, his sons George W. and Jeb concurrently ran for Governor of Texas and Governor of Florida. The elder Bush frequently telephoned their headquarters for updates on the race. George W. won his race against Ann Richards while Jeb lost to Lawton Chiles. After the results came in, the elder Bush told ABC, `` I have very mixed emotions. Proud father, is the way I would sum it all up. '' From 1993 to 1999 he served as the chairman to the board of trustees for Eisenhower Fellowships, and from 2007 to 2009 was chairman of the National Constitution Center. In September 1995, Bush met with President of Vietnam Lê Đức Anh and party secretary Đỗ Mười in Vietnam. On July 26, 1996, Bush met with Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole and pledged he would do everything in his power to aid in securing a victory for Dole in the presidential election. In 1997, the same year as the opening of his Presidential Library, Houston Intercontinental Airport was renamed George Bush Intercontinental Airport. In April 1997, Bush joined President Bill Clinton, former President Ford, and Nancy Reagan in signing the `` Summit Declaration of Commitment '' in advocating for participation by private citizens in solving domestic issues within the United States. In August 1997, Bush agreed to be interviewed by the New York Times, so long as his portrayal not appear to be giving credit to himself, over the balanced budget deal composed by President Clinton and House Speaker Newt Gingrich, stating his belief that history would show his administration laid the groundwork for the agreement during a telephone interview. President Bush is Honorary Chairman of Points of Light, an international nonprofit dedicated to engaging more people and resources in solving serious social problems through voluntary service. In January 1999, Bush spoke in the Old Senate chamber as part of a lecture series for Senators in an address warning against the collapse of political decorum and invasions into the privacy of individuals. In February 1999, Bush was part of the American delegation to the funeral of Hussein of Jordan in Amman. In May 1999, Bush and his wife Barbara honored six senior citizens during the annual Ageless Heroes honors in Chicago, Illinois. George W. Bush presidency His eldest son, George W. Bush, was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001, and re-elected in 2004. Through previous administrations, the elder Bush had ubiquitously been known as `` George Bush '' or `` President Bush '', but following his son 's election the need to distinguish between them has made retronymic forms such as `` George H.W. Bush '' and `` George Bush senior '' and colloquialisms such as `` Bush 41 '' and `` Bush the Elder '' much more common. Bush was traveling to Minnesota for a speaking engagement on the day of the September 11 attacks, George W. making multiple calls to get in contact with his father ahead of the two reconnecting after the elder Bush was situated in a Brookfield, Wisconsin motel. Bush told biographer Jon Meacham that his son 's vice president, Dick Cheney, underwent a change following the September 11 attacks : `` His seeming knuckling under to the real hard - charging guys who want to fight about everything, use force to get our way in the Middle East. '' In December 2002, George W. sought counsel from the elder Bush regarding Iraq and informed him of `` my efforts to rally the Saudis, Jordanians, Turks, and others in the Middle East ''. In April 2003, following the fall of Baghdad, Bush praised George W. in an email to the incumbent president. In a September 14, 2003 interview with BBC, Bush stated his support for a continuation of his son 's war against terrorism and the US was in a better state in terms of protecting itself from terrorism than two years prior. On December 17, Bush told reporters of his satisfaction with the capture of Saddam Hussein while visiting Houston VA Medical Center. Bush and Barbara Bush. Presidential Library Main article : George Bush Presidential Library The George Bush Presidential Library is the presidential library named for Bush. This tenth presidential library was built between 1995 and 1997 and contains the presidential and vice-presidential papers of Bush and the vice-presidential papers of Dan Quayle. It was dedicated on November 6, 1997, and opened to the public shortly thereafter ; the architectural firm of Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum designed the complex. The George Bush Presidential Library and Museum is located on a 90 - acre ( 360,000 m ) site on the west campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, on a plaza adjoining the Presidential Conference Center and the Texas A&M Academic Center. The Library operates under NARA 's administration and the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955 's provisions. The Bush School of Government and Public Service is a graduate public policy school at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. The graduate school is part of the presidential library complex, and offers four programs : two master 's degree programs ( Public Service and Administration, and International Affairs ) and three certificate programs ( Advanced International Affairs, Nonprofit Management, and Homeland Security ). The Master in International Affairs ( MIA ) degree program offers concentrations in either National Security and Diplomacy or International Development and Economic Policy. Later activities Bush continues to make many public appearances. He and Mrs. Bush attended the state funeral of Ronald Reagan in June 2004, and of Gerald Ford in January 2007. One month later, he was awarded the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in Beverly Hills, California, by former First Lady Nancy Reagan. Despite his political differences with Bill Clinton, it has been acknowledged that the two former presidents have become friends. He and Clinton appeared together in television ads in 2005, encouraging aid for victims of Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. In September 2006, Bush campaigned for New Jersey Senate candidate Thomas Kean, Jr., praising him as well as stating his respect for Kean calling on the resignation of US Defense Secretary Rumsfeld. Kean went on to lose the election. In October 2006, Bush was honored by the National Italian American Foundation ( NIAF ) with the NIAF One America Award for fundraising, with Bill Clinton, for the victims of the 2004 tsunami and Hurricane Katrina. On December 4, 2006, Bush delivered a speech on leadership during a leadership forum by his son Jeb in Tallahassee, Florida. Later that month, upon the death of Gerald Ford, Bush became the oldest living ( former ) president, 111 days older than Jimmy Carter. On February 18, 2008, Bush formally endorsed Senator John McCain for the presidency of the United States. The endorsement offered a boost to McCain 's campaign, as the Arizona Senator had been facing criticism among many conservatives. On May 17, 2008, Bush delivered the commencement address at Bryant University. On November 16, 2008, during an address at the University of Kansas, Bush said President - elect Obama would encounter diverse issues upon taking office and experiencing a wave of enthusiasm. On January 10, 2009, both George H.W. and George W. Bush were present at the commissioning of USS George H.W. Bush ( CVN - 77 ), the tenth and last Nimitz - class supercarrier of the United States Navy. Bush paid a visit to the carrier again on May 26, 2009. In October 2009, Bush criticized the rampant criticism of the current times, reflecting that he did not receive such `` day in and day out '' during his presidency and named Keith Olbermann and Rachel Maddow of MSNBC as examples ; he called the two `` sick puppies. '' Also during that month, on October 16, Bush joined President Barack Obama onstage at Texas A&M University for a promotion of volunteering. In 2011, he was inducted in the World Golf Hall of Fame. On February 15, 2011, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the highest civilian honor in the United States -- by President Barack Obama. On March 21, 2011, Bush was honored in a gala sponsored by the Points of Light Foundation at the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington, D.C., where he was cheered by the audience after managing to walk a few steps out of his wheelchair. After the death of Betty Ford in July 2011, Bush issued a statement : `` No one confronted life 's struggles with more fortitude or honesty, and as a result, we all learned from the challenges she faced. '' On March 29, 2012, Bush endorsed Mitt Romney for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2012 Presidential election, NBC News reporting that Bush had chosen to support Romney three months prior. In July 2013, Bush had his head shaved in a show of support for the two - year - old son of a member of his security detail, who had leukemia. On December 10, 2013, coinciding with a memorial service held at Johannesburg 's FNB Stadium for Nelson Mandela, Bush tweeted, `` Barbara and I wish we could have joined the U.S. delegation honoring President Mandela today. He, and his countrymen, are in our prayers. '' In April 2014, Frederick D. McClure, chief executive of the Bush library foundation, organized a three - day gathering in College Park, Texas, to mark the 25th anniversary of the Bush administration. Also in early 2014, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Bush and Mount Vernon awarded him its first Cyrus A. Ansary Prize. The Kennedy foundation award was presented by Jack Schlossberg, the late president 's grandson, to Lauren Bush Lauren, who accepted on her grandfather 's behalf. The Ansary prize was presented in Houston with Ansary, Barbara Lucas, Ryan C. Crocker, dean of the Bush school since January 2010, Barbara Bush, and Curt Viebranz in attendance with the former president. Bush directed $50,000 of the prize to the Bush school at Texas A&M, and $25,000 will fund an animation about the Siege of Yorktown for Mt. Vernon. Viebranz and Lucas represented Mount Vernon at the presentation. On June 12, 2014, Bush fulfilled a long - standing promise by skydiving on his 90th birthday. He made the parachute jump from a helicopter near his home at 11 : 15 a.m. in Kennebunkport, Maine. The jump marked the eighth time the former president had skydived, including jumps on his 80th and 85th birthday as well. He had tweeted about the incident prior to the jump, saying `` It 's a wonderful day in Maine -- in fact, nice enough for a parachute jump. '' In November 2014, George W. confirmed that his father wanted Jeb to launch a presidential bid in 2016. After Jeb 's withdrawal from the Republican primary, a Bush spokesman confirmed he would not endorse any other candidates : `` At age 91, President Bush is retired from politics. He came out of retirement to do a few things for Jeb, but those were the exceptions that proved the rule. '' After the 2016 Presidential election took place, Bush tweeted a congratulatory message to President - elect Trump. On December 7, 2016, Bush and former Senator Bob Dole commemorated the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor by appearing at the Bush Center of Texas A&M University. On February 5, 2017, George and Barbara Bush participated in the coin toss for Super Bowl LI. On May 18, 2017, after the death of Roger Ailes, Bush tweeted, `` He was n't perfect, but Roger Ailes was my friend & I loved him. Not sure I would have been President w / o his great talent, loyal help. RIP. '' In July 2017, following Senator McCain 's cancer diagnosis announcement, Bush released a statement : `` The Hanoi Hilton could n't break John McCain 's spirit many years ago, so Barbara and I know -- with confidence -- he and his family will meet this latest battle in his singular life of service with courage and determination. '' On August 16, 2017, Bush and his son George W. released a joint statement condemning the violence at the Unite the Right rally. On August 28, 2017, after Hurricane Harvey struck Dallas, Bush expressed his condolences in a statement. On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former Presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities. Health On February 24, 2000, Bush checked into a hospital while having an irregular heartbeat and following becoming ill while attending a reception and standing for 90 minutes. Bush was released three days later, his doctors saying he had retained the irregularity in his heart beat upon his dismissal. Bush suffers from vascular parkinsonism, a form of Parkinson 's disease which has forced him to use a motorized scooter or wheelchair since at least 2012. In July 2015, Bush suffered a severe neck injury. Wearing a neck brace in October in his first public engagement since the accident, he threw the ceremonial first pitch for the Houston Astros at Minute Maid Park, at the age of 91. Bush sent a letter to president - elect Donald Trump in January 2017, to inform him of his own poor health, that he would not be able to attend Trump 's inauguration on January 20, and give his best wishes. On January 18, he was admitted to the intensive care unit at Houston Methodist Hospital, where he was sedated for a procedure to treat an acute respiratory problem stemming from pneumonia. He was later discharged on 30 January, after surgery successfully removed a blockage from his lungs. On April 14, 2017, Bush was admitted to the hospital in Houston with a recurrence of pneumonia. Bush turned 93 years old on June 12, 2017. If he lives to November 25, 2017, he will become the longest lived President in United States history at 93 years, 166 days, surpassing Gerald Ford who holds the current record at 93 years, and 165 days when he died on December 26, 2006. Bush delivers a eulogy to Ronald Reagan, June 11, 2004, in the Washington National Cathedral Bush, along with President George W. Bush, First Lady Laura Bush, Bill Clinton, Condoleezza Rice, and Andrew Card pay their respects to Pope John Paul II before the pope 's funeral, 2005 George H.W. Bush with son President George W. Bush and China 's President Hu Jintao in Beijing, People 's Republic of China, August 10, 2008 Capt. Kevin E. O'Flaherty, commanding officer of the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush, escorts former President George H.W. Bush, 2009 Bush meets President Barack Obama in the Oval Office, January 30, 2010 Electoral history See also : Electoral history of George H.W. Bush See also Book : George H.W. Bush List of Presidents of the United States List of Presidents of the United States, sortable by previous experience Biography portal Houston portal Politics portal International relations portal References Jump up ^ `` Presidential Avenue : George Bush ''. Presidential Avenue. Retrieved March 29, 2008. Jump up ^ Eun Kyung Kim ( 14 August 2015 ). `` Jenna Bush Hager welcomes second daughter -- named after George H.W. Bush ''. Today.com. The new bundle of joy is named after Jenna 's grandfather and former President George H.W. Bush, whose nickname growing up was `` Poppy. '' ^ Jump up to : `` Former President George Bush honored at his 60th reunion at Phillips Academy, Andover ''. Phillips Academy. June 8, 2002. Archived from the original on April 1, 2008. 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Jump up ^ `` From White House to ' regular house ' ''. Associated Press at the Ocala Star - Banner. Saturday November 21, 1992. 2A. Retrieved from Google Books ( 2 of 84 ) on October 14, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Bushes upbeat for step - down ''. Fort Worth Star - Telegram. January 10, 1993. 1 News. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. `` Bush 's Houston office will be in the Park Laureate Building on Memorial Drive '' Jump up ^ Swartz, Mimi. `` Survival of the Richest. '' National Geographic. March 2006. Retrieved on June 4, 2014. Jump up ^ Stritoff, Sherri & Bob. `` Barbara and George H. Bush ''. About.com. Retrieved April 24, 2013. Jump up ^ Reiley, Laura ( February 13, 2013 ). `` Florida Keys ' Cheeca Lodge a plush getaway '' ( February 13, 2013 ). Tampa Bay Times. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved November 22, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Cheeca Lodge History ''. cheeca.com. Retrieved November 22, 2016. Jump up ^ `` frontline : the long road to war : assassination ''. PBS. Retrieved September 5, 2010. Jump up ^ Meacham, Jon ( 2015 ). Destiny and Power : The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush. Random House. p. 543. ISBN 978 - 1400067657. Jump up ^ Meacham, p. 549. Jump up ^ Verhovek, Sam Howe ( November 9, 1994 ). `` THE 1994 ELECTIONS : THE NATION THE BUSHES ; Texas Elects George W. While Florida Rejects Jeb ''. Jump up ^ Bush, Barbara ( 2004 ). Reflections : Life After the White House. Scribner. pp. 85 -- 86. ISBN 978 - 0743255820. Jump up ^ `` Bush vows to help Dole win White House ''. UPI. July 26, 1996. Jump up ^ Bennet, James ( April 29, 1997 ). `` Presidents Call for Big Citizenship, Not Big Government ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ Rosenbaum, David E. ( August 8, 1997 ). `` In Balanced - Budget Deal, Bush Is Off the Seesaw ''. Jump up ^ `` Points of Light : Our Leadership ''. Points of Light. Retrieved May 23, 2013. Jump up ^ Bruni, Frank ( January 21, 1999 ). `` STATE OF THE UNION : THE EX-PRESIDENT ; In Speech to Senators, Bush Laments Decline of Civility and Privacy ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ Broder, John ( February 9, 1999 ). `` DEATH OF A KING : THE AMERICANS ; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Bush honors senior ' ageless heroes ' ''. UPI. May 18, 1999. Jump up ^ Bush, George W. 41 : A Portrait of My Father. Crown Publishers. p. 265. ISBN 978 - 0553447781. Jump up ^ Baker, Peter ( November 4, 2015 ). `` Elder Bush Says His Son Was Served Badly by Aides ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ Meacham, pp. 571 - 572. Jump up ^ Meacham, p. 274. Jump up ^ `` Ex-president Bush backs war on terrorism ''. UPI. September 14, 2003. Jump up ^ `` Elder Bush says capture magical moment ''. UPI. December 17, 2003. Jump up ^ `` The Birth of the Tenth Presidential Library : The Bush Presidential Materials Project, 1993 -- 1994 ''. George Bush Presidential Library. Archived from the original on April 10, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2007. Jump up ^ Healy, Patrick ( May 19, 2007 ). `` A Candidacy That May Test a Friendship 's Ties ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2011. Jump up ^ `` People of the Year : Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush ''. ABC News. December 27, 2005. Retrieved September 5, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Two Ex-Presidents, Often Allies, Are Divided by a Senate Race ''. New York Times. September 7, 2006. Jump up ^ `` Univision CEO Joe Uva to Receive One America Award ''. National Italian American Foundation. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Former President Bush Breaks Down in Tears Talking About Jeb ''. Fox News. December 5, 2006. Jump up ^ `` George H.W. Bush Endorses McCain for President ''. The Washington Post. February 18, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008. Jump up ^ Neuman, Johanna ( February 18, 2008 ). `` Former President Bush Endorses McCain ''. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Bush Sr. urges Bryant graduates to seek morality ''. Associated Press. May 18, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Elder Bush says Obama will face tough job ''. UPI. November 17, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Future USS George H.W. Bush to Transit ''. Naval Sea Systems Command Public Affairs. December 18, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2008. Jump up ^ Jones, Matthew ( January 10, 2009 ). `` Carrier awaits a call to come to life in ceremony today ''. The Virginian Pilot. Landmark Communications. Retrieved January 10, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Former President Bush Visits Namesake Aircraft Carrier ''. Jump up ^ `` Elder Bush Decries Lack of Civility in Politics ''. CBS News. October 16, 2009. Jump up ^ Baker, Peter ( October 16, 2009 ). `` Two Presidents Share a Stage on the Subject of Service ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ http://www.worldgolfhalloffame.org/george-h-w-bush/. Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ For the transcript of Obama 's remarks honoring Bush, see `` 2010 Presidential Medal of Freedom Ceremony ''. The White House. February 15, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Wash. gala honors Bush 41 ''. UPI. March 22, 2011. Jump up ^ Cimons, Marlene ( July 9, 2011 ). `` Betty Ford dies at 93 ; former first lady ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ `` George H.W. Bush endorses Romney ''. UPI. March 29, 2012. Jump up ^ Edwards, Breanna ( July 24, 2013 ). `` George H.W. Bush shaves head ''. Politico. Jump up ^ `` President George H.W. Bush joins Twitter ''. UPI. December 11, 2013. Jump up ^ Baker, Peter, `` Bush 41 Reunion Looks to Burnish His Legacy '', New York Times, April 3, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2014. Jump up ^ Edelman, Adam, `` George H.W. Bush honored with Kennedy Profile in Courage Award '', New York Daily News, May 4, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Former U.S. President Honored with Ansary Prize ''. Mt. Vernon web page. Archived from the original on June 2, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2016. Jump up ^ Senior staff, mountvernon.org. Viebranz is identified as president and CEO of George Washington 's Mount Vernon. Retrieved June 14, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Presidents Day 2014 - Barbara Lucas '', mountvernon.org. Lucas is identified as regent of Mount Vernon 's Ladies ' Association. Retrieved June 14, 2014. Jump up ^ `` George H.W. Bush SKYDIVES for His 90th Birthday ! ''. TMZ. June 12, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014. Jump up ^ Jackson, David ( June 12, 2014 ). `` George H.W. Bush takes one last skydive for 90th birthday ''. USA Today. Retrieved July 2, 2014. Jump up ^ `` George Bush on Twitter ''. Retrieved June 22, 2015. It 's a wonderful day in Maine -- in fact, nice enough for a parachute jump. Jump up ^ `` Bush father, son want Jeb Bush to run for White House ''. azcentral.com. November 11, 2014. Jump up ^ Collins, Eliza. `` Bush 41, 43 wo n't be endorsing Trump ''. USA Today. Jump up ^ Bever, Lindsey ( November 9, 2016 ). `` George H.W. Bush 's message to Donald Trump ''. Washington Post. Jump up ^ Burliij, Terence ( December 7, 2016 ). `` George H.W. Bush and Bob Dole reunite for Pearl Harbor Anniversary ''. CNN. Jump up ^ George, Cindy ( February 4, 2017 ). `` Former President Bush ' fired up ' for coin toss at Houston 's Super Bowl ''. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 5, 2017. Jump up ^ Scott, Eugene ( May 18, 2017 ). `` Bush 41 praises Ailes, says he 's not sure he would have been president without him ''. CNN. Jump up ^ `` McCain tweets : ' I 'll be back soon, so stand - by ' ''. Politico. July 20, 2017. Jump up ^ Estepa, Jessica ( August 16, 2017 ). `` George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush : We must reject ' hatred in all forms ' ''. USA Today. Jump up ^ Savranksy, Rebecca ( August 28, 2017 ). `` George H.W. Bush : `` We are praying for all our fellow Houstonians '' after Harvey ``. The Hill. Jump up ^ Shelbourne, Mallory ( September 10, 2017 ). `` Former presidents fundraise for Irma disaster relief ''. The Hill. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` THE 2000 CAMPAIGN ; Ex-President Falls Ill ''. Associated Press. February 25, 2000. Jump up ^ `` Elder Bush Is Released After More Heart Tests ''. New York Times. February 24, 2000. Jump up ^ `` Photo P012712PS - 0676 ''. 2012 - 01 - 27. The Whitehouse. Retrieved April 24, 2013. Jump up ^ Updegrove, Mark K. ( July 15, 2012 ). `` An Exclusive Conversation with President and Mrs. Bush ''. Parade. Retrieved 15 February 2017. Jump up ^ McAfee, Tierney ( October 12, 2015 ). `` PHOTO : George H.W. Bush Throws Out First Pitch at Astros Playoff Game in First Public Appearance Since Neck Injury ''. People. Retrieved January 31, 2016. Jump up ^ Garcia, Feliks ( 18 January 2017 ). `` George HW Bush sends personal note to Donald Trump on why he ca n't attend inauguration ''. The Independent. Retrieved 18 January 2017. Jump up ^ ) Siemaszko, Corky ( 30 January 2017 ). `` George H.W. Bush discharged from Houston hospital ''. NBC News. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Jump up ^ `` Former President George HW Bush hospitalised in Houston ''. The Telegraph. 19 April 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017. Further reading Barilleaux, Ryan J. ; Stuckey, Mary E. ( 1992 ). Leadership and the Bush Presidency : Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change. New York : Praeger. ISBN 0 - 275 - 94418 - 2. Ducat, Stephen J. ( 2004 ). The Wimp Factor : Gender Gaps, Holy Wars, and the Politics of Anxious Masculinity. Boston : Beacon Press. ISBN 0 - 8070 - 4344 - 3. Duffy, Michael ; Goodgame, Dan ( 1992 ). Marching in Place : The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush. New York : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 671 - 73720 - 1. Fitzwater, Marlin ( 1995 ). Call the Briefing. New York : Times Books. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7388 - 3458 - 0. Greene, John Robert ( 2000 ). The Presidency of George Bush. Lawrence : University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0 - 7006 - 0993 - 8. Hyams, Joe ( 1991 ). Flight of the Avenger : George Bush at War. San Diego : Harcourt Brace Jovanovic. ISBN 0 - 15 - 131469 - 1. Kelley, Kitty ( 2004 ). The Family : The True Story of the Bush Dynasty. London : Doubleday. ISBN 0 - 385 - 50324 - 5. Meacham, Jon ( 2015 ). Destiny and Power : The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush. New York : Random House. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4000 - 6765 - 7. Naftali, Timothy ( 2007 ). George H.W. Bush. Times Books. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 6966 - 6. Patterson, James T. ( 2005 ). Restless Giant : The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195122169. Podhoretz, John ( 1993 ). Hell of a Ride : Backstage at the White House Follies, 1989 -- 1993. New York : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 671 - 79648 - 8. Smith, Jean Edward ( 1992 ). George Bush 's War. New York : Henry Holt & Company. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 1388 - 1. Sununu, John H. ( 2015 ). The Quiet Man : The Indispensable Presidency of George H.W. Bush. Broadside Books. ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 238428 - 7. Tarpley, Webster G. ; Chaitkin, Anton ( 2004 ) ( 1991 ). George Bush : The Unauthorized Biography. Washington : Executive Intelligence Review. ISBN 0 - 930852 - 92 - 3. Wicker, Tom ( 2004 ). George Herbert Walker Bush. Lipper / Viking. ISBN 0670033030. McBride, Tim ( June 12, 2009 ). `` The President Who Treated Me Like a Son ''. The Daily Beast. Retrieved October 8, 2014. American Experience, The Presidents : George H.W. Bush ( Television production ). American Experience, Public Broadcasting Service. 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2014. Primary sources Bush, George H.W. ( 1999 ). All the Best, George Bush : My Life in Letters and Other Writings. New York : Scribner. ISBN 0 - 684 - 83958 - X. Bush, George H.W. ; Scowcroft, Brent ( 1998 ). A World Transformed. New York : Knopf. ISBN 0 - 679 - 43248 - 5. Bush, George H.W. ; Bush, Barbara ( 2009 ). `` Interview with : George W. Bush, Barbara Bush '' ( Interview ). Interview with McGrath, Jim. Retrieved October 8, 2014. Bush, George W. ( 2014 ). 41 : A Portrait of My Father. Crown. ISBN 978 - 0553447781. Bush Koch, Dorothy ( 2006 ). My Father, My President : A Personal Account of the Life of George H.W. Bush. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0446579904. Jeffrey A. Engel, ed. ( 2011 ). The China Diary of George H.W. Bush : The Making of a Global President. Princeton UP. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jstor External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` George H.W. Bush '' dated 2012 - 12 - 17, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Find more aboutGeorge H.W. Bushat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Official George Bush Presidential Library and Museum White House biography Speeches and statements Full audio of a number of Bush speeches Miller Center of Public Affairs Media coverage `` George H.W. Bush collected news and commentary ''. The New York Times. Other United States Congress. `` George H.W. Bush ( id : B001166 ) ''. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Extensive essays on Bush and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs Appearances on C - SPAN `` Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush '', from C - SPAN 's American Presidents : Life Portraits, December 13, 1999 George H.W. Bush an American Experience documentary George H.W. Bush at DMOZ George H.W. Bush on IMDb George H.W. Bush 41st President of the United States ( 1989 -- 1993 ) 43rd Vice President of the United States ( 1981 -- 1989 ) Director of Central Intelligence ( 1976 -- 1977 ) UN Ambassador ( 1971 -- 1973 ) U.S. Representative for TX - 7 ( 1967 -- 1971 ) Life Presidential Library The Bush School of Government and Public Service Bush compound Presidency Inauguration Environmental policy 1989 Malta Summit Invasion of Panama 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord Gulf War 1991 Madrid Conference National Space Council New world order Somali Civil War Unified Task Force Negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement Vomiting incident Presidential pardons International trips Oval Office desk Cabinet Judicial appointments Supreme Court controversies Speeches State of the Union Address ( 1990 1991 1992 ) Chicken Kiev speech Elections United States Senate elections, 1964 1970 United States House of Representatives elections, 1966 1968 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1980 1988 1992 Republican National Convention, 1980 1984 1988 `` a thousand points of light '' `` Read my lips : no new taxes '' 1992 United States presidential election, 1980 1984 1988 1992 Public image George Bush Intercontinental Airport The Naked Gun 21⁄2 : The Smell of Fear ( 1991 ) What It Takes : The Way to the White House ( 1993 ) The Family : The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty ( 2004 ) Bad for Democracy ( 2008 ) Family of Secrets ( 2009 ) Books A World Transformed ( 1998 ) All the Best ( 1999 ) Family Barbara Bush ( wife ) George W. Bush ( son presidency ) Jeb Bush ( son ) Neil Bush ( son ) Marvin P. Bush ( son ) Dorothy Bush Koch ( daughter ) Barbara Pierce Bush ( granddaughter ) Jenna Bush Hager ( granddaughter ) George P. Bush ( grandson ) Prescott Bush ( father ) Nancy Walker Bush Ellis ( sister ) Jonathan Bush ( brother ) William H.T. Bush ( brother ) Samuel P. Bush ( grandfather ) George Herbert Walker ( grandfather ) Millie ( family dog ) ← Ronald Reagan Bill Clinton → Book Category Offices and distinctions Party political offices Preceded by Roy Whittenburg Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Texas ( Class 1 ) 1964, 1970 Succeeded by Alan Steelman Preceded by Everett Dirksen Gerald Ford Response to the State of the Union address 1968 Served alongside : Howard Baker, Peter Dominick, Gerald Ford, Robert Griffin, Thomas Kuchel, Mel Laird, Bob Mathias, George Murphy, Dick Poff, Chuck Percy, Al Quie, Charlotte Reid, Hugh Scott, Bill Steiger, John Tower Vacant Title next held by Donald Fraser, Scoop Jackson, Mike Mansfield, John McCormack, Patsy Mink, Ed Muskie, Bill Proxmire Preceded by Bob Dole Chair of the Republican National Committee 1973 -- 1974 Succeeded by Mary Louise Smith Republican nominee for Vice President of the United States 1980, 1984 Succeeded by Dan Quayle Preceded by Ronald Reagan Republican nominee for President of the United States 1988, 1992 Succeeded by Bob Dole U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by John Dowdy Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas 's 7th congressional district 1967 -- 1971 Succeeded by William Reynolds Archer Jr. Diplomatic posts Preceded by Charles Woodruff Yost United States Ambassador to the United Nations 1971 -- 1973 Succeeded by John Scali Preceded by Colin Crowe President of the United Nations Security Council May 1972 Succeeded by Lazar Mojsov Preceded by David K.E. Bruce Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People 's Republic of China 1974 -- 1976 Succeeded by Thomas S. Gates Jr. Preceded by François Mitterrand Chair of the Group of 7 Succeeded by John Major Government offices Preceded by William Colby Director of Central Intelligence 1976 -- 1977 Succeeded by Stansfield Turner Political offices Preceded by Walter Mondale Vice President of the United States 1981 -- 1989 Succeeded by Dan Quayle Preceded by Ronald Reagan President of the United States 1989 -- 1993 Succeeded by Bill Clinton Honorary titles Preceded by Gerald Ford Oldest living President of the United States 2006 -- present Incumbent Awards and achievements Preceded by Rudy Giuliani Recipient of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award 2007 Succeeded by Natan Sharansky Current U.S. order of precedence ( ceremonial ) Preceded by Jimmy Carter as Former President Order of Precedence of the United States as Former President Succeeded by Bill Clinton as Former President Articles related to George H.W. 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Conger William Woodville Rockhill William James Calhoun Envoy to the Republic of China 1913 -- 1929 Paul Samuel Reinsch Charles Richard Crane Jacob Gould Schurman John Van Antwerp MacMurray Ambassador to the Republic of China 1929 -- 1949 Nelson T. Johnson Clarence E. Gauss Patrick J. Hurley John Leighton Stuart American Institute in Taiwan Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing 1973 -- 79 David K.E. Bruce George H.W. Bush Thomas S. Gates Jr. Leonard Woodcock Ambassador to the People 's Republic of China 1979 -- present Leonard Woodcock Arthur W. Hummel Jr. Winston Lord James R. Lilley J. Stapleton Roy Jim Sasser Joseph Prueher Clark T. 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Bush 43rd President of the United States ( 2001 -- 2009 ) 46th Governor of Texas ( 1995 -- 2000 ) Born July 6, 1946 Presidency First inauguration Second inauguration First term Second term Domestic policy Legislation and programs Economic policy Foreign policy International trips Bush Doctrine War in Afghanistan Iraq War Status of Forces Agreement Patriot Act No Child Left Behind Act Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act USA Freedom Corps Department of Homeland Security Space policy Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty `` War on Terror '' President 's Council on Service and Civic Participation award Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy Email controversy Judicial appointments Supreme Court controversies Cabinet Pardons Impeachment efforts Life Presidential library Early life Military service controversy ( Killian documents controversy and authenticity issues ) Professional life Governorship of Texas Prairie Chapel Ranch Bush compound Clinton Bush Haiti Fund Speeches Axis of evil Mission Accomplished State of the Union address 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 Elections United States House of Representatives elections, 1978 Texas gubernatorial election 1994 1998 Presidential campaign 2000 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2000 Republican National Convention 2000 United States presidential election, 2000 Bush v. Gore United States presidential election, 2004 Public image Bushisms Nicknames As the subject of books and films Fictionalized portrayals Miss Me Yet ? Books A Charge to Keep ( 1999 ) Decision Points ( 2010 ) 41 : A Portrait of My Father ( 2014 ) Portraits of Courage ( 2017 ) Family Laura Bush ( wife ) Barbara Pierce Bush ( daughter ) Jenna Bush Hager ( daughter ) George H.W. Bush ( father presidency ) Barbara Bush ( mother ) Jeb Bush ( brother ) Neil Bush ( brother ) Marvin Bush ( brother ) Dorothy Bush Koch ( sister ) Prescott Bush ( grandfather ) George P. Bush ( nephew ) Barney ( dog ) Miss Beazley ( dog ) India ( cat ) Spot Fetcher ( dog ) ← Bill Clinton Barack Obama → Book Category Cabinet of President George H.W. Bush ( 1989 -- 93 ) Cabinet Secretary of State James A. Baker ( 1989 -- 92 ) Lawrence Eagleburger ( 1992 -- 93 ) Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady ( 1989 -- 93 ) Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney ( 1989 -- 93 ) Attorney General Richard L. Thornburgh ( 1989 -- 91 ) William Pelham Barr ( 1991 -- 93 ) Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan Jr. ( 1989 -- 93 ) Secretary of Agriculture Clayton K. Yeutter ( 1989 -- 91 ) Edward R. Madigan ( 1991 -- 93 ) Secretary of Commerce Robert Mosbacher ( 1989 -- 92 ) Barbara Hackman Franklin ( 1992 -- 93 ) Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole ( 1989 -- 91 ) Lynn Martin ( 1991 -- 93 ) Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis W. Sullivan ( 1989 -- 93 ) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp ( 1989 -- 93 ) Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner ( 1989 -- 92 ) Andrew Card ( 1992 -- 93 ) Secretary of Energy James D. Watkins ( 1989 -- 93 ) Secretary of Education Lauro F. Cavazos ( 1989 -- 90 ) Lamar Alexander ( 1991 -- 93 ) Secretary of Veterans Affairs Ed Derwinski ( 1989 -- 92 ) Cabinet - level Vice President Dan Quayle ( 1989 -- 93 ) White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu ( 1989 -- 91 ) Samuel K. Skinner ( 1991 -- 92 ) James A. Baker ( 1992 -- 93 ) Director of the Office of Management and Budget Richard Darman ( 1989 -- 93 ) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency William Reilly ( 1989 -- 92 ) None ( 1992 -- 93 ) Trade Representative Carla A. Hills ( 1989 -- 93 ) Ambassador to the United Nations Thomas Pickering ( 1989 -- 92 ) Edward Perkins ( 1992 -- 93 ) Assistants to the President for National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft ( 1989 -- 93 ) Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy William J. Bennett ( 1989 -- 91 ) Bob Martinez ( 1991 -- 93 ) Chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers Michael Boskin ( 1989 -- 93 ) Cabinet of President Ronald Reagan ( 1981 -- 89 ) Cabinet Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. ( 1981 -- 82 ) George P. Shultz ( 1982 -- 89 ) Secretary of the Treasury Donald T. Regan ( 1981 -- 85 ) James A. Baker ( 1985 -- 88 ) Nicholas F. Brady ( 1988 -- 89 ) Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger ( 1981 -- 87 ) Frank C. Carlucci ( 1987 -- 89 ) Attorney General William French Smith ( 1981 -- 85 ) Edwin Meese ( 1985 -- 88 ) Richard L. Thornburgh ( 1988 -- 89 ) Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt ( 1981 -- 83 ) William P. Clark ( 1983 -- 85 ) Donald P. Hodel ( 1985 -- 89 ) Secretary of Agriculture John R. Block ( 1981 -- 86 ) Richard E. Lyng ( 1986 -- 89 ) Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige ( 1981 -- 87 ) C. William Verity ( 1987 -- 89 ) Secretary of Labor Raymond J. Donovan ( 1981 -- 85 ) William E. Brock III ( 1985 -- 87 ) Ann Dore McLaughlin ( 1987 -- 89 ) Secretary of Health and Human Services Richard S. Schweiker ( 1981 -- 83 ) Margaret M. Heckler ( 1983 -- 85 ) Otis Bowen ( 1985 -- 89 ) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Samuel R. Pierce ( 1981 -- 89 ) Secretary of Transportation Drew Lewis ( 1981 -- 83 ) Elizabeth H. Dole ( 1983 -- 87 ) James H. Burnley IV ( 1987 -- 89 ) Secretary of Energy James B. Edwards ( 1981 -- 83 ) Donald P. Hodel ( 1983 -- 85 ) John S. Herrington ( 1985 -- 89 ) Secretary of Education Terrel H. Bell ( 1981 -- 85 ) William J. Bennett ( 1985 -- 88 ) Lauro F. Cavazos ( 1988 -- 89 ) Cabinet - level Vice President George H.W. Bush ( 1981 -- 89 ) White House Chief of Staff James A. Baker ( 1981 -- 85 ) Donald T. Regan ( 1985 -- 87 ) Howard H. Baker Jr. ( 1987 -- 88 ) Kenneth M. Duberstein ( 1988 -- 89 ) Director of the Office of Management and Budget David Stockman ( 1981 -- 85 ) James C. Miller III ( 1985 -- 88 ) Joseph R. Wright Jr. ( 1988 -- 89 ) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Anne M. Gorsuch ( 1981 -- 83 ) William D. Ruckelshaus ( 1983 -- 85 ) Lee M. Thomas ( 1985 -- 89 ) Director of Central Intelligence William J. Casey ( 1981 -- 87 ) William H. Webster ( 1987 -- 89 ) Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick ( 1981 -- 85 ) Vernon A. Walters ( 1985 -- 89 ) Trade Representative William E. Brock III ( 1981 -- 85 ) Clayton K. Yeutter ( 1985 -- 89 ) Chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers Murray L. Weidenbaum ( 1981 -- 82 ) Martin S. Feldstein ( 1982 -- 84 ) Beryl W. Sprinkel ( 1985 -- 89 ) Order of precedence in the United States of America * The President The Vice President The Governor ( of the state in which the event is held ) The Speaker of the House The Chief Justice Former President Carter Former President GHW Bush Former President Clinton Former President GW Bush Former President Obama Ambassadors of the United States The Secretary of State The Associate Justices Retired Justice Stevens Retired Justice O'Connor Retired Justice Souter The President 's Cabinet The President Pro Tempore of the Senate The Senate The Governors of the States ( by order of statehood ) Former Vice President Mondale Former Vice President Quayle Former Vice President Gore Former Vice President Cheney Former Vice President Biden The House of Representatives * not including acting officeholders, visiting dignitaries, auxiliary executive and military personnel and most diplomats ( 1964 ← ) United States presidential election, 1968 ( → 1972 ) United States elections, 1968 Republican Party Convention Primaries Nominee Richard Nixon campaign VP nominee Spiro Agnew Candidates Frank Carlson Clifford P. Case Hiram Fong John Lindsay Ronald Reagan Jim Rhodes Nelson Rockefeller Winthrop Rockefeller George W. Romney campaign Harold Stassen John Volpe Democratic Party Convention Primaries Protests Nominee Hubert Humphrey campaign VP nominee Edmund Muskie Candidates Roger D. Branigin John G. Crommelin Paul C. Fisher Lyndon B. Johnson Robert F. Kennedy ( campaign ) Thomas C. Lynch Eugene McCarthy ( campaign ) George McGovern Dan K. Moore Channing E. Phillips George Smathers Stephen M. Young American Independent Party Nominee George Wallace campaign VP nominee Curtis LeMay Other third party and independent candidates Communist Party Nominee Charlene Mitchell VP nominee Michael Zagarell Peace and Freedom Party Nominee Eldridge Cleaver VP nominee Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd Prohibition Party Nominee E. Harold Munn Socialist Labor Party Nominee Henning A. Blomen Socialist Workers Party Nominee Fred Halstead VP nominee Paul Boutelle Independents and other candidates Dick Gregory Pat Paulsen Pigasus Other 1968 elections : House Senate Gubernatorial ( 1976 ← ) United States presidential election, 1980 ( → 1984 ) Republican Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee Ronald Reagan VP nominee George H.W. Bush Candidates John B. Anderson Howard Baker George H.W. Bush John Connally Phil Crane Bob Dole Ben Fernandez Harold Stassen Democratic Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee Jimmy Carter VP nominee Walter Mondale Candidates Jerry Brown Ted Kennedy Ron Dellums Independent Candidate John B. Anderson VP candidate Patrick Lucey Other independent and third party candidates Citizens Party Nominee Barry Commoner VP nominee LaDonna Harris Libertarian Party Nominee Ed Clark VP nominee David Koch Prohibition Party Nominee Ben Bubar VP nominee Earl Dodge Socialist Party Nominee David McReynolds VP nominee Diane Drufenbrock Socialist Workers Party Nominee Andrew Pulley Alternate nominees Richard Congress Clifton DeBerry Workers World Party Nominee Deirdre Griswold VP nominee Gavrielle Holmes Independents and other candidates Lyndon LaRouche Maureen Smith Running mate Elizabeth Cervantes Barron Warren Spannaus Other 1980 elections House Senate Gubernatorial ( 1980 ← ) United States presidential election, 1984 ( → 1988 ) Republican Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee Ronald Reagan VP nominee George H.W. Bush Candidates Ben Fernandez Harold Stassen Democratic Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee Walter Mondale VP nominee Geraldine Ferraro Candidates Reubin Askew Alan Cranston John Glenn Gary Hart Ernest Hollings Jesse Jackson George McGovern Third party and independent candidates Citizens Party Nominee Sonia Johnson VP nominee Richard Walton Communist Party Nominee Gus Hall VP nominee Angela Davis Libertarian Party Nominee David Bergland VP nominee Jim Lewis Candidates Gene Burns Earl Ravenal Mary Ruwart Prohibition Party Nominee Earl Dodge Socialist Equality Party Nominee Edward Winn VP nominee Helen Halyard Socialist Party Nominee Sonia Johnson VP nominee Richard Walton Socialist Workers Party Nominee Melvin T. Mason VP nominee Matilde Zimmermann Workers World Party Nominee Larry Holmes Alternate nominee Gavrielle Holmes VP nominee Gloria La Riva Independents and other candidates Charles Doty Larry Flynt Larry `` Bozo '' Harmon Lyndon LaRouche Running mate Billy Davis Other 1984 elections House Senate Gubernatorial ( 1984 ← ) United States presidential election, 1988 ( → 1992 ) Republican Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee George H.W. Bush VP nominee Dan Quayle Candidates Bob Dole Pete du Pont Ben Fernandez Alexander Haig Jack Kemp Paul Laxalt Isabell Masters Pat Robertson Donald Rumsfeld Harold Stassen Democratic Party Convention Primaries Primary results Nominee Michael Dukakis VP nominee Lloyd Bentsen Candidates Douglas Applegate Bruce Babbitt Joe Biden campaign David Duke Dick Gephardt Al Gore campaign Gary Hart Jesse Jackson campaign Lyndon LaRouche Andy Martin Patricia Schroeder Paul Simon James Traficant Third party and independent candidates Libertarian Party Convention Nominee Ron Paul ( campaign ) VP nominee Andre Marrou Candidates Jim Lewis Russell Means New Alliance Party Nominee Lenora Fulani Populist Party Nominee David Duke Prohibition Party Nominee Earl Dodge VP nominee George Ormsby Socialist Equality Party Nominee Edward Winn Socialist Party Nominee Willa Kenoyer VP nominee Ron Ehrenreich Socialist Workers Party Nominee James Warren VP nominee Kathleen Mickells Workers World Party Nominee Larry Holmes VP nominee Gloria La Riva Independents and others Jack Herer Lyndon LaRouche Herbert G. Lewin William A. Marra Eugene McCarthy Other 1988 elections : House Senate Gubernatorial ( 1988 ← ) United States presidential election, 1992 ( → 1996 ) Democratic Party Convention Primaries Nominee Bill Clinton ( campaign ) VP nominee Al Gore Candidates Larry Agran Jerry Brown Tom Harkin Bob Kerrey Lyndon LaRouche Tom Laughlin Eugene McCarthy Paul Tsongas Douglas Wilder Charles Woods Republican Party Convention Primaries Nominee George H.W. Bush VP nominee Dan Quayle Candidates Pat Buchanan David Duke Jack Fellure Isabell Masters Pat Paulsen Tennie Rogers Harold Stassen Independent Candidate Ross Perot ( campaign ) VP candidate James Stockdale Other independent and third party candidates Libertarian Party Convention Nominee Andre Marrou VP nominee Nancy Lord Natural Law Party Nominee John Hagelin VP nominee Mike Tompkins New Alliance Party Nominee Lenora Fulani VP nominee Maria Elizabeth Muñoz Prohibition Party Nominee Earl Dodge VP nominee George Ormsby Socialist Party USA Nominee J. Quinn Brisben VP nominee Barbara Garson Socialist Workers Party Nominee James Warren VP nominee Willie Mae Reid U.S. Taxpayers Party Convention Nominee Howard Phillips VP nominee Albion W. Knight, Jr. Workers World Party Nominee Gloria La Riva VP nominee Larry Holmes Independents and other candidates Ronald Daniels ( Running mate : Asiba Tupahache ) Bo Gritz Isabell Masters Other 1992 elections House Senate Gubernatorial Time Persons of the Year 1927 -- 1950 Charles Lindbergh ( 1927 ) Walter Chrysler ( 1928 ) Owen D. Young ( 1929 ) Mohandas Gandhi ( 1930 ) Pierre Laval ( 1931 ) Franklin D. Roosevelt ( 1932 ) Hugh S. Johnson ( 1933 ) Franklin D. Roosevelt ( 1934 ) Haile Selassie ( 1935 ) Wallis Simpson ( 1936 ) Chiang Kai - shek / Soong Mei - ling ( 1937 ) Adolf Hitler ( 1938 ) Joseph Stalin ( 1939 ) Winston Churchill ( 1940 ) Franklin D. Roosevelt ( 1941 ) Joseph Stalin ( 1942 ) George Marshall ( 1943 ) Dwight D. Eisenhower ( 1944 ) Harry S. Truman ( 1945 ) James F. Byrnes ( 1946 ) George Marshall ( 1947 ) Harry S. Truman ( 1948 ) Winston Churchill ( 1949 ) The American Fighting - Man ( 1950 ) 1951 -- 1975 Mohammed Mosaddeq ( 1951 ) Elizabeth II ( 1952 ) Konrad Adenauer ( 1953 ) John Foster Dulles ( 1954 ) Harlow Curtice ( 1955 ) Hungarian Freedom Fighters ( 1956 ) Nikita Khrushchev ( 1957 ) Charles de Gaulle ( 1958 ) Dwight D. Eisenhower ( 1959 ) U.S. Scientists : George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward ( 1960 ) John F. Kennedy ( 1961 ) Pope John XXIII ( 1962 ) Martin Luther King Jr. ( 1963 ) Lyndon B. Johnson ( 1964 ) William Westmoreland ( 1965 ) The Generation Twenty - Five and Under ( 1966 ) Lyndon B. Johnson ( 1967 ) The Apollo 8 Astronauts : William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell ( 1968 ) The Middle Americans ( 1969 ) Willy Brandt ( 1970 ) Richard Nixon ( 1971 ) Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon ( 1972 ) John Sirica ( 1973 ) King Faisal ( 1974 ) American Women : Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt ( 1975 ) 1976 -- 2000 Jimmy Carter ( 1976 ) Anwar Sadat ( 1977 ) Deng Xiaoping ( 1978 ) Ayatollah Khomeini ( 1979 ) Ronald Reagan ( 1980 ) Lech Wałęsa ( 1981 ) The Computer ( 1982 ) Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov ( 1983 ) Peter Ueberroth ( 1984 ) Deng Xiaoping ( 1985 ) Corazon Aquino ( 1986 ) Mikhail Gorbachev ( 1987 ) The Endangered Earth ( 1988 ) Mikhail Gorbachev ( 1989 ) George H.W. Bush ( 1990 ) Ted Turner ( 1991 ) Bill Clinton ( 1992 ) The Peacemakers : Yasser Arafat / F.W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin ( 1993 ) Pope John Paul II ( 1994 ) Newt Gingrich ( 1995 ) David Ho ( 1996 ) Andrew Grove ( 1997 ) Bill Clinton / Ken Starr ( 1998 ) Jeffrey P. Bezos ( 1999 ) George W. Bush ( 2000 ) 2001 -- present Rudolph Giuliani ( 2001 ) The Liberal Whistleblowers : Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins ( 2002 ) The American Soldier ( 2003 ) George W. Bush ( 2004 ) The Good Samaritans : Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates ( 2005 ) You ( 2006 ) Vladimir Putin ( 2007 ) Barack Obama ( 2008 ) Ben Bernanke ( 2009 ) Mark Zuckerberg ( 2010 ) The Protester ( 2011 ) Barack Obama ( 2012 ) Pope Francis ( 2013 ) Ebola Fighters : Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson - Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah ( 2014 ) Angela Merkel ( 2015 ) Donald Trump ( 2016 ) Book Theodore Roosevelt Award winners 1967 : Eisenhower 1968 : Saltonstall 1969 : White 1970 : Hovde 1971 : Kraft Jr. 1972 : Holland 1973 : Bradley 1974 : Owens 1975 : Ford 1976 : Hamilton 1977 : Bradley 1978 : Zornow 1979 : Chandler 1980 : Cooley 1981 : Linkletter 1982 : Cosby 1983 : Palmer 1984 : Lawrence 1985 : Fleming 1986 : Bush 1987 : Zable 1988 : Not presented 1989 : Ebert 1990 : Reagan 1991 : Gibson 1992 : Kemp 1993 : Alexander 1994 : Johnson 1995 : Mathias 1996 : Wooden 1997 : Payne 1998 : Dole 1999 : Richardson 2000 : Staubach 2001 : Cohen 2002 : Shriver 2003 : de Varona 2004 : Page 2005 : Ride 2006 : Kraft 2007 : Tagliabue 2008 : Glenn 2009 : Albright 2010 : Mitchell 2011 : Dunwoody 2012 : Allen 2013 : Dungy 2014 : Mills 2015 : Jackson 2016 : Ueberroth 2017 : Brooke - Marciniak National Football Foundation Gold Medal winners 1958 : Dwight D. Eisenhower 1959 : Douglas MacArthur 1960 : Herbert Hoover & Amos Alonzo Stagg 1961 : John F. Kennedy 1962 : Byron `` Whizzer '' White 1963 : Roger Q. Blough 1964 : Donold B. Lourie 1965 : Juan T. Trippe 1966 : Earl H. `` Red '' Blaik 1967 : Frederick L. Hovde 1968 : Chester J. LaRoche 1969 : Richard Nixon 1970 : Thomas J. Hamilton 1971 : Ronald Reagan 1972 : Gerald Ford 1973 : John Wayne 1974 : Gerald B. Zornow 1975 : David Packard 1976 : Edgar B. Speer 1977 : Louis H. Wilson 1978 : Vincent dePaul Draddy 1979 : William P. Lawrence 1980 : Walter J. Zable 1981 : Justin W. Dart 1982 : Silver Anniversary Awards ( NCAA ) - All Honored Jim Brown, Willie Davis, Jack Kemp, Ron Kramer, Jim Swink 1983 : Jack Kemp 1984 : John F. McGillicuddy 1985 : William I. Spencer 1986 : William H. Morton 1987 : Charles R. Meyer 1988 : Clinton E. Frank 1989 : Paul Brown 1990 : Thomas H. Moorer 1991 : George H.W. Bush 1992 : Donald R. Keough 1993 : Norman Schwarzkopf 1994 : Thomas S. Murphy 1995 : Harold Alfond 1996 : Gene Corrigan 1997 : Jackie Robinson 1998 : John H. McConnell 1999 : Keith Jackson 2000 : Fred M. Kirby II 2001 : Billy Joe `` Red '' McCombs 2002 : George Steinbrenner 2003 : Tommy Franks 2004 : William V. Campbell 2005 : Jon F. Hanson 2006 : Joe Paterno & Bobby Bowden 2007 : Pete Dawkins & Roger Staubach 2008 : John Glenn 2009 : Phil Knight & Bill Bowerman 2010 : Bill Cosby 2011 : Robert Gates 2012 : Roscoe Brown 2013 : National Football League & Roger Goodell 2014 : Tom Catena & George Weiss 2015 : Condoleezza Rice 2016 : Archie Manning Bush family Bush -- Davis -- Walker family political line Bush family Bush ( surname ) Prescott Bush ancestors Samuel Prescott Bush ( 1863 -- 1948 ) James Smith Bush ( 1825 -- 1889 ) Obadiah Newcomb Bush ( 1797 -- 1851 ) Samuel P. Bush & Flora Sheldon Prescott Sheldon Bush Prescott Bush ( 1895 -- 1972 ) Prescott Bush Jr. ( 1922 -- 2010 ) George Herbert Walker Bush ( m. ) Barbara Pierce Nancy Walker Bush Ellis Jonathan James Bush William Henry Trotter Bush George H.W. Bush ( 1924 -- ) Nancy Walker Bush Ellis ( 1926 -- ) Jonathan Bush ( 1931 -- ) George Walker Bush ( m. ) Laura Lane Welch Jeb Bush ( m. ) Columba Bush Neil Mallon Bush Marvin Pierce Bush Dorothy Walker Bush ( m. ) Robert P. Koch John Prescott Ellis Alexander Ellis III Josiah Wear Ellis Billy Bush Jonathan S. Bush George W. Bush ( 1946 -- ) Jeb Bush ( 1953 -- ) Neil Bush ( 1955 -- ) Barbara Pierce Bush Jenna Welch Bush George Prescott Bush Lauren Bush ( m. ) David Lauren The Bush Compound Buckeye Steel Castings G.H. Walker & Co. The Family : The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty Family of Secrets Political line W. Whitney family of Connecticut Henry Whitney John Whitney Elizabeth Whitney Elijah Keeler Rebecca Keeler Elijah Keeler Bangs Mary Ann Bangs Martha Adela Beaky George Herbert Walker 1875 -- 1953 Dorothy Walker George H.W. Bush George W. Bush Jeb Bush George P. Bush Jonathan Bush Billy Bush Jonathan S. Bush Nancy Walker Bush Ellis William H.T. Bush George Herbert Walker Jr. 1905 -- 1977 George Herbert Walker III George Herbert Walker IV John M. Walker 1909 -- 1990 John M. Walker Jr. Nathan Bangs 1778 -- 1862 Elizabeth Keeler Abraham Rockwell Runa Rockwell Samuel Darling Rockwell John William Rockwell Jarvis Waring Rockwell Norman Rockwell 1894 -- 1978 John Rockwell Elizabeth Rockwell Rufus Mead Hiram Mead George Herbert Mead 1863 -- 1931 Henry Whitney Richard Whitney Josiah Whitney Richard Whitney James Whitney 1843 -- 1914 Joseph Whitney David Whitney Ebenezer Whitney Asa Whitney Thomas R. Whitney 1807 -- 1858 Lucretia Whitney Harvey Fitch 1816 -- 1890 Josiah Whitney Henry Whitney Stephen Whitney 1776 -- 1860 Henry Whitney Stephen Whitney Harry Whitney 1873 -- 1936 Richard Whitney Daniel Whitney Daniel Whitney Selleck Whitney Mary Elizabeth Whitney William Alvord 1833 -- 1904 John Whitney John Whitney Samuel Whitney Henry Martyn Whitney 1824 -- 1904 VIAF : 102345968 LCCN : n80015879 ISNI : 0000 0001 2145 8975 GND : 118844911 SELIBR : 222342 SUDOC : 030874394 BNF : cb12173385t ( data ) ULAN : 500216109 MusicBrainz : f542595a - 9b07 - 41ce - 9d86 - 84bc191cf3b8 NLA : 35129403 NDL : 00464069 US Congress : B001166 IATH : w6rn35w2 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_H._W._Bush&oldid=803855202 '' Categories : `` Part of a series on '' sidebar templates 1924 births Living people 20th - century American businesspeople 20th - century American politicians 20th - century American writers 21st - century American writers Acting Presidents of the United States Ambassadors of the United States to China American aviators American businesspeople in the oil industry American male writers American military personnel of World War II American political writers Assassination attempt survivors Bohemian Club members Bush family Cold War CIA chiefs Eli Lilly and Company Fathers of Presidents of the United States George H.W. Bush Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Livingston family Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas Military personnel from Connecticut National Rifle Association people People from Greenwich, Connecticut People from Kennebunkport, Maine People from Midland, Texas People from Milton, Massachusetts People with Parkinson 's disease Permanent Representatives of the United States to the United Nations Phi Beta Kappa members Phillips Academy alumni Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Presidents of the United States Reagan administration cabinet members Recipients of the Air Medal Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross ( United States ) Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class Recipients of the Order of the White Lion Republican National Committee chairmen Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives Republican Party Presidents of the United States Republican Party ( United States ) presidential nominees Republican Party Vice Presidents of the United States Rice University staff Schuyler family Shot - down aviators Sons of the American Revolution Texas Republicans United States Navy pilots of World War II United States presidential candidates, 1980 United States presidential candidates, 1988 United States presidential candidates, 1992 United States vice-presidential candidates, 1980 United States vice-presidential candidates, 1984 Vice Presidents of the United States Whitney family of Connecticut Writers from Texas World Golf Hall of Fame inductees Yale Bulldogs baseball players Texas A&M MSC Student Conference on National Affairs Former Speakers Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people Use mdy dates from September 2016 Incomplete lists from July 2015 CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikiquote Wikisource Acèh Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés Arpetan Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Bikol Central Bislama Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Cebuano Čeština Chi - Chewa Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Gaelg Gàidhlig Galego 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Ido Igbo Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua IsiZulu Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული Қазақша Kernowek Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar Malagasy മലയാളം मराठी მარგალური مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Pangasinan پنجابی Piemontèis Tok Pisin Polski Português Ripoarisch Română Rumantsch Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Tiếng Việt Winaray ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 Žemaitėška 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 October 2017, at 02 : 03. 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Question: who was president of the us in 1990
Answer: George Herbert Walker Bush