Homer - wikipedia Homer This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2018. For other uses, see Homer ( disambiguation ). `` Homeric '' and `` Homerus '' redirect here. For other uses, see Homeric ( disambiguation ) and Homerus ( disambiguation ). Roman bust of Homer from the second century AD, portrayed with traditional iconography, based on a Greek original dating to the Hellenistic Period Homer ( Ancient Greek : Ὅμηρος ( hómɛːros ), Hómēros ) is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature. The Iliad is set during the Trojan War, the ten - year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek states. It focuses on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles lasting a few weeks during the last year of the war. The Odyssey focuses on the journey home of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy. Many accounts of Homer 's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present - day Turkey. Modern scholars consider them legends. The Homeric Question -- concerning by whom, when, where and under what circumstances the Iliad and Odyssey were composed -- continues to be debated. Broadly speaking, modern scholarly opinion falls into two groups. One holds that most of the Iliad and ( according to some ) the Odyssey are the works of a single poet of genius. The other considers the Homeric poems to be the result of a process of working and re-working by many contributors, and that `` Homer '' is best seen as a label for an entire tradition. It is generally accepted that the poems were composed at some point around the late 8th or early 7th century BC. The poems are in Homeric Greek, also known as Epic Greek, a literary language which shows a mixture of features of the Ionic and Aeolic dialects from different centuries ; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally transmitted orally. From antiquity until the present day, the influence of the Homeric epics on Western civilization has been great, inspiring many of its most famous works of literature, music, art and film. The Homeric epics were the greatest influence on ancient Greek culture and education ; to Plato, Homer was simply the one who `` has taught Greece '' -- ten Hellada pepaideuken. Contents 1 Works attributed to Homer 2 Ancient biographies of Homer 3 Homeric studies and the Homeric question 4 Historicity of the Homeric epics and Homeric society 5 Homeric language 6 Homeric style 7 Textual transmission 8 See also 9 Notes 10 Selected bibliography 10.1 Editions 10.2 Interlinear translations 10.3 English translations 10.4 General works on Homer 10.5 Influential readings and interpretations 10.6 Commentaries 10.7 Dating the Homeric poems 11 Further reading 12 External links Works attributed to Homer Homer and His Guide ( 1874 ) by William - Adolphe Bouguereau Today only the Iliad and Odyssey are associated with the name ' Homer '. In antiquity, a very large number of other works were sometimes attributed to him, including the Homeric Hymns, the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, the Little Iliad, the Nostoi, the Thebaid, the Cypria, the Epigoni, the comic mini-epic Batrachomyomachia ( `` The Frog - Mouse War '' ), the Margites, the Capture of Oechalia, and the Phocais. These claims are not considered authentic today and were by no means universally accepted in the ancient world. As with the multitude of legends surrounding Homer 's life, they indicate little more than the centrality of Homer to ancient Greek culture. Ancient biographies of Homer For more details on this topic, see Ancient accounts of Homer. Many traditions circulated in the ancient world concerning Homer, most of which are lost. Modern scholarly consensus is that they have no value as history. Some claims were established early and repeated often - that Homer was blind ( taking as self - referential a passage describing the blind bard Demodocus ), that he was born in Chios, that he was the son of the river Meles and a nymph, that he was a wandering bard, that he composed a varying list of other works ( the Homerica ), that he died either in Ios or after failing to solve a riddle set by fishermen, and various explanations for the name ' Homer '. The two best known ancient biographies of Homer are the Life of Homer by the Pseudo-Herodotus and the Contest of Homer and Hesiod. Homeric studies and the Homeric Question For more details on this topic, see Homeric scholarship and Homeric Question. Part of an 11th - century manuscript, `` the Townley Homer ''. The writings on the top and right side are scholia. The study of Homer is one of the oldest topics in scholarship, dating back to antiquity. The aims of Homeric studies have changed over the course of the millennia. Ancient Greek scholars first sought to establish a canonical text of the poems and to explicate points that were difficult ( whether linguistically or culturally ). The Byzantine scholars such as Eustathius of Thessalonica and John Tzetzes produced commentaries, extensions and scholia to Homer, especially in the 12th century. Virgil was more widely read during the Renaissance and Homer was often seen through a Virgilian lens. Friedrich August Wolf 's Prolegomena ad Homerum launched modern Homeric scholarship, arguing that the poems were assembled at a late date by literate authors from a large group of much shorter poems that were originally transmitted orally. Wolf and the ' Analyst ' school, which led the field in the 19th century, sought to recover the original, authentic poems which were thought to be concealed by later excresences. In contrast the ' Unitarians ' saw the later additions as superior, the work of a single inspired poet. In the 20th century, Milman Parry and Albert Lord, after their studies of folk bards in the Balkans, developed the ' Oral - Formulaic theory ' that the Homeric poems were originally improvised. This theory found very wide scholarly acceptance. The ' Neoanalysts ' sought to bridge the gap between the ' Analysts ' and ' Unitarians '. Today Homeric scholarship continues to develop. Most scholars, although disagreeing on other questions about the genesis of the poems, agree that the Iliad and the Odyssey were not produced by the same author, based on `` the many differences of narrative manner, theology, ethics, vocabulary, and geographical perspective, and by the apparently imitative character of certain passages of the Odyssey in relation to the Iliad. '' Some ancient scholars believed Homer to have been an eyewitness to the Trojan War ; others thought he had lived up to 500 years afterwards. Contemporary scholars continue to debate the date of the poems ; at one extreme Richard Janko has taken an 8th century BC date, at the other scholars such as Gregory Nagy see ' Homer ' as a continually evolving tradition which only ceased when the poems were written down in the 6th century BC. Martin West has argued that the Iliad echoes the poetry of Hesiod, and that it must have been composed around 660 - 650 BC at the earliest, with the Odyssey up to a generation later. A long history of oral transmission lies behind the composition of the poems, complicating the search for a precise date. ' Homer ' is a name of unknown etymological origin, around which many theories were erected in antiquity ; one such linkage was to the Greek ὅμηρος ( hómēros ), `` hostage '' ( or `` surety '' ). The explanations suggested by modern scholars tend to mirror their position on the overall Homeric question. Nagy interprets it as `` he who fits ( the song ) together ''. West has advanced both possible Greek and Phoenecian etymologies. Historicity of the Homeric epics and Homeric society Greece according to the Iliad Main article : Historicity of Homer Scholars continue to debate questions such as whether the Trojan War actually took place - and if so when and where - and to what extent the society depicted by Homer is based on his own or one which was, even at the time of the poems ' composition, known only as legend. The Homeric epics are largely set in the east and center of the Mediterranean, with some scattered references to Egypt, Ethiopia and other distant lands, in a warlike society that resembles that of the Greek world slightly before the hypothesized date of the poems ' composition. In ancient Greek chronology, the sack of Troy was dated to 1184 BC. By the nineteenth century there was widespread scholarly skepticism that Troy or the Trojan War had ever existed, but in 1873 Heinrich Schliemann announced to the world that he had discovered the ruins of Homer 's Troy at Hissarlik in modern Turkey. Some contemporary scholars think the destruction of Troy VIIa circa 1220 BC was the origin of the myth of the Trojan War, others that the poem was inspired by multiple similar sieges that took place over the centuries. However, Homer depicts customs that are not characteristic of any one historical period. For instance, his heroes use bronze weapons, characteristic of the Bronze Age rather than the later Iron Age during which the poems were composed ; yet they are cremated ( an Iron Age practice ) rather than buried ( as they were in the Bronze Age ). In the Iliad 10.260 - 265, Odysseus is described as wearing a helmet made of boar 's tusks. Such helmets were not worn in Homer 's time, but were commonly worn by aristocratic warriors between 1600 and 1150 BC. The decipherment of Linear B in the 1950s by Michael Ventris and continued archaeological investigation has increased modern scholars ' understanding of Aegean civilisation, which in many ways resembles the ancient Near East more than the society described by Homer. Homeric language Main article : Homeric Greek Detail of The Parnassus ( painted 1509 - 1510 ) by Raphael, depicting Homer wearing a crown of laurels atop Mount Parnassus, with Dante Alighieri on his right and Virgil on his left The Homeric epics are written in an artificial literary language or ' Kunstsprache ' only used in epic hexameteric poetry. Homeric Greek shows features of multiple regional Greek dialects and periods, but is fundamentally based on Ionic Greek, in keeping with the tradition that Homer was from Ionia. Linguistic analysis suggests that the Iliad was composed slightly before the Odyssey, and that Homeric formulae preserve older features than other parts of the poems. Homeric style The Homeric poems were composed in unrhymed dactylic hexameter ; ancient Greek metre was quantity rather than stress based. Homer frequently uses set phrases such as epithets ( ' crafty Odysseus ', ' rosy - fingered Dawn ', ' owl - eyed Athena ', etc ), Homeric formulae ( ' and then answered ( him / her ), Agamemnon, king of men ', ' when the early - born rose - fingered Dawn came to light ', ' thus he / she spoke ' ), simile, type scenes, ring composition and repetition. These habits aid the extemporizing bard, and are characteristic of oral poetry. For instance, the main words of a Homeric sentence are generally placed towards the beginning, whereas literate poets like Virgil or Milton use longer and more complicated syntactical structures. Homer then expands on these ideas in subsequent clauses ; this technique is called parataxis. The so - called ' type scenes ' ( typischen Scenen ), were named by Walter Arend in 1933. He noted that Homer often, when describing frequently recurring activities such as eating, praying, fighting and dressing, used blocks of set phrases in sequence that were then elaborated by the poet. The ' Analyst ' school had considered these repetitions as un-Homeric, whereas Arend interpreted them philosophically. Parry and Lord noted that these conventions are found in many other cultures. ' Ring composition ' or chiastic structure ( when a phrase or idea is repeated at both the beginning and end of a story, or a series of such ideas first appears in the order A, B, C... before being reversed as... C, B, A ) has been observed in the Homeric epics. Opinion differs as to whether these occurrences are a conscious artistic device, a mnemonic aid or a spontaneous feature of human storytelling. Both of the Homeric poems begin with an invocation to the Muse. In the Iliad, the poet invokes her to sing of `` the anger of Achilles '', and, in the Odyssey, he asks her to sing of `` the man of many ways ''. A similar opening was later employed by Virgil in his Aeneid. Textual transmission A Reading from Homer ( 1885 ) by Lawrence Alma - Tadema The orally transmitted Homeric poems were put into written form at some point between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. Some scholars believe that they were dictated by the poet ; Albert Lord noted that, in the process of dictating, the Balkan bards he recorded revised and extended their lays. Some scholars hypothesize that a similar process occurred when the Homeric poems were first written. Other scholars such as Gregory Nagy hold that, after the poems were formed in the 8th century, they were orally transmitted with little deviation until they were written down in the 6th century. After textualisation, the poems were each divided into 24 rhapsodes, today referred to as books, and labelled by the letters of the Greek alphabet. These divisions probably date from before 200 BC, and may have been made by Homer. In antiquity it was widely held that the Homeric poems were collected and organised in Athens by the tyrant Pesistratos ( died 528 / 7 BC ), in the famed ' Pesistratean recension '. From around 150 BC the text seems to have become relatively established. After the establishment of the Library of Alexandria, Homeric scholars such as Zenodotus of Ephesus, Aristophanes of Byzantium and in particular Aristarchus of Samothrace helped establish a canonical text. The first printed edition of Homer was produced in 1488 in Milan. Today scholars use medieval manuscripts, papyri and other sources ; some argue for a ' multi-text ' view, rather than seeking a single definitive text. The 19th century edition of Arthur Ludwich mainly follows Aristarchus 's work, whereas van Thiel 's ( 1991, 1996 ) follows the medieval vulgate. Others, such as Martin West ( 1998 - 2000 ) or T.W. Allen fall somewhere between these two extremes. See also Ancient Greece portal Poetry portal Literature portal Achaeans ( Homer ) Aeneid Bibliomancy Catalogue of Ships Creophylus of Samos Cyclic Poets Deception of Zeus Epithets in Homer Geography of the Odyssey Greek mythology Hector Historicity of Homer Homeric scholarship Ithaca List of Homeric characters Peisistratos Sortes Homericae Tabula iliaca Telemachy The Golden Bough Trojan Battle Order Trojan War in popular culture Troy VII Venetus A Manuscript Notes Jump up ^ `` Portrait Bust ''. britishmuseum.org. The British Museum. Jump up ^ Wilson, Nigel. Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Routledge. p. 366. ISBN 9781136788000. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Jump up ^ Romilly, Jacqueline de. A Short History of Greek Literature. 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Retrieved 22 November 2016. Jump up ^ Too, Yun Lee. The Idea of the Library in the Ancient World. OUP Oxford. p. 86. ISBN 9780199577804. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Jump up ^ MacDonald, Dennis R. Christianizing Homer : The Odyssey, Plato, and the Acts of Andrew. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780195358629. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Jump up ^ Kelly, Adrian D. ( 2012 ). `` Homerica ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0606 / abstract. Jump up ^ Graziosi, Barbara ; Haubold, Johannes ( 2005 ). Homer : The Resonance of Epic. A&C Black. pp. 24 -- 26. ISBN 9780715632826. Jump up ^ Graziosi, Barbara ( 2002 ). Inventing Homer : The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 165 -- 168. ISBN 9780521809665. Jump up ^ Graziosi, Barbara ( 2002 ). Inventing Homer : The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge University Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780521809665. Jump up ^ Odyssey, 8 : 64ff. Jump up ^ Lefkowitz, Mary R. ( 2013 ). The Lives of the Greek Poets. A&C Black. pp. 14 -- 30. ISBN 9781472503077. Jump up ^ Kelly, Adrian D. ( 2012 ). `` Biographies of Homer ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0243 / abstract. Jump up ^ Dickey, Eleanor ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, Ancient ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1307 / abstract. Jump up ^ Kaldellis, Anthony ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, Byzantine ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1308 / abstract. Jump up ^ Heiden, Bruce ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, Renaissance through 17th Century ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1310 / abstract. Jump up ^ Heiden, Bruce ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, 18th Century ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1311 / abstract. Jump up ^ Heiden, Bruce ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, 19th Century ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1312 / abstract. Jump up ^ Foley, John Miles ( 1988 ). The Theory of Oral Composition : History and Methodology. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253342600. Jump up ^ Heiden, Bruce ( 2012 ). `` Scholarship, 20th Century ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1313 / abstract. Jump up ^ Edwards, Mark W. ( 2012 ). `` Neoanalysis ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0968 / abstract. Jump up ^ West, M.L. ( 1999 ), `` The Invention of Homer '', Classical Quarterly 49.2, p. 364. Jump up ^ West, Martin L. ( 2012 ). `` Homeric Question ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0605 / abstract. Jump up ^ Latacz, Joachim ; Bierl, Anton ; Olson, S. Douglas ( 2015 ). `` New Trends in Homeric Scholarship '' in Homer 's Iliad : The Basel Commentary. De Gruyter. ISBN 9781614517375. Jump up ^ Saïd, Suzanne ( 2011 ). Homer and the Odyssey. OUP Oxford. pp. 14 -- 17. ISBN 9780199542840. Jump up ^ Graziosi, Barbara ( 2002 ). Inventing Homer : The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90 -- 92. ISBN 9780521809665. Jump up ^ Fowler, Robert ; Fowler, Robert Louis ( 2004 ). The Cambridge Companion to Homer. Cambridge University Press. pp. 220 -- 232. ISBN 9780521012461. Jump up ^ Hall, Jonathan M. ( 2002 ). Hellenicity : Between Ethnicity and Culture. University of Chicago Press. pp. 235 -- 236. ISBN 9780226313290. Jump up ^ West, Martin L. ( 2012 ). `` Date of Homer ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0330 / abstract ; jsessionid = f237f171e98ed309c3fe21243e81c3f6. f01t02. Jump up ^ Burgess, Jonathan S. ( 2003 ). The Tradition of the Trojan War in Homer and the Epic Cycle. JHU Press. pp. 49 -- 53. ISBN 9780801874819. Jump up ^ Graziosi, Barbara ( 2002 ). Inventing Homer : The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 51 -- 89. ISBN 9780521809665. Jump up ^ West, M.L. ( 1997 ). The East Face of Helicon : West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth. Oxford : Clarendon Press. p. 622. Jump up ^ Raaflaub, Kurt A. ( 2012 ). `` Historicity of Homer ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0601 / abstract. Jump up ^ Finley, Moses I. ( 1991 ). The World of Odysseus. Penguin. ISBN 9780140136869. Jump up ^ Wees, Hans van ( 2009 ). War and Violence in Ancient Greece. ISD LLC. ISBN 9781910589298. Jump up ^ Morris, Ian ( 1986 ). `` The Use and Abuse of Homer ''. Classical Antiquity. 5 ( 1 ) : 81 -- 138. doi : 10.2307 / 25010840. Jump up ^ Dowden, Ken ; Livingstone, Niall ( 2011 ). A Companion to Greek Mythology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 440. ISBN 9781444396935. Jump up ^ Sacks, David ; Murray, Oswyn ; Brody, Lisa R. ( 2014 ). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Infobase Publishing. p. 356. ISBN 9781438110202. Jump up ^ Morris, Ian ; Powell, Barry B. ( 1997 ). A New Companion to Homer. BRILL. pp. 434 -- 435. ISBN 9789004217607. Jump up ^ Boardman, John ; Griffin, Jasper ; Murray, Oswyn ( 2001 ). The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World. Oxford University Press. pp. 66 -- 68. ISBN 9780192854384. Jump up ^ Wood, Michael ( 1996 ). In Search of the Trojan War. Berkeley, California : University of California Press. p. 130. ISBN 0 - 520 - 21599 - 0. Retrieved 1 September 2017. Jump up ^ Schofield, Louise ( 2007 ). The Mycenaeans. Los Angeles, California : The J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 119. ISBN 978 - 0 - 89236 - 867 - 9. Retrieved 1 September 2017. Jump up ^ Everson, Tim ( 2004 ). Warfare in Ancient Greece : Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great. Brimscombe Port : The History Press. pp. 9 -- 10. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 9506 - 4. Retrieved 1 September 2017. Jump up ^ Morris, Ian ; Powell, Barry B. ( 1997 ). A New Companion to Homer. BRILL. p. 625. ISBN 9789004217607. Jump up ^ Willi, Andreas ( 2012 ). `` Language, Homeric ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0792 / abstract. Jump up ^ Bakker, Egbert J. ( 2010 ). A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language. John Wiley & Sons. p. 401. ISBN 9781444317404. Jump up ^ W. Edwards, Mark ( 2012 ). `` Meter ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0913 / abstract. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, G.B. ( 1986 ). Homer 's Metre : A Practical Guide for Reading Greek Hexameter Poetry. Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 9780862921729. Jump up ^ Edwards, Mark W. ( 2012 ). `` Style ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1377 / abstract. Jump up ^ Reece, Steve T. ( 2012 ). `` Type - Scenes ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1488 / abstract. Jump up ^ Edwards, MW ( 1992 ). `` Homer and Oral Tradition : The Type - Scene ''. Oral Tradition. 7 : 284 -- 330. Jump up ^ Stanley, Keith ( 2014 ). The Shield of Homer : Narrative Structure in the Illiad. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400863372. Jump up ^ Minchin, Elizabeth ( 2012 ). `` Ring Composition ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1287 / abstract. ^ Jump up to : Adler, Eve ( 2003 ). Vergil 's Empire : Political Thought in the Aeneid. Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7425 - 2167 - 4. Jump up ^ Kirk, G.S. ( 1976 ). Homer and the Oral Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 117. ISBN 9780521213097. Jump up ^ Foley, John Miles ( 2012 ). `` Oral Dictated Texts ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1029 / abstract. Jump up ^ Nagy, Gregory ( 1996 ). Poetry as Performance : Homer and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521558488. Jump up ^ West, Martin L. ( 2012 ). `` Book Division ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe0253 / abstract. Jump up ^ Jensen, Minna Skafte ( 1980 ). The Homeric Question and the Oral - formulaic Theory. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 128. ISBN 9788772890968. ^ Jump up to : Haslam, Michael ( 2012 ). `` Text and Transmission ''. The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002 / 9781444350302. wbhe1413 / abstract. Selected bibliography Éditions Texts in Homeric Greek Demetrius Chalcondyles editio princeps, Florence, 1488 the Aldine editions ( 1504 and 1517 ) 1st ed. with comments, Micyllus and Camerarius, Basel, 1535, 1541 ( improved text ), 1551 ( incl. the Batrachomyomachia ) Th. Ridel, Strasbourg, c. 1572, 1588 and 1592. Wolf ( Halle, 1794 -- 1795 ; Leipzig, 1804 1807 ) Spitzner ( Gotha, 1832 -- 1836 ) Bekker ( Berlin, 1843 ; Bonn, 1858 ) La Roche ( Odyssey, 1867 -- 1868 ; Iliad, 1873 -- 1876, both at Leipzig ) Ludwich ( Odyssey, Leipzig, 1889 -- 1891 ; Iliad, 2 vols., 1901 and 1907 ) W. Leaf ( Iliad, London, 1886 -- 1888 ; 2nd ed. 1900 -- 1902 ) William Walter Merry and James Riddell ( Odyssey i -- xii., 2nd ed., Oxford, 1886 ) Monro ( Odyssey xiii -- xxiv. with appendices, Oxford, 1901 ) Monro and Allen ( Iliad ), and Allen ( Odyssey, 1908, Oxford ). D.B. Monro and T.W. Allen 1917 -- 1920, Homeri Opera ( 5 volumes : Iliad = 3rd edition, Odyssey = 2nd edition ), Oxford. ISBN 0 - 19 - 814528 - 4, ISBN 0 - 19 - 814529 - 2, ISBN 0 - 19 - 814531 - 4, ISBN 0 - 19 - 814532 - 2, ISBN 0 - 19 - 814534 - 9 H. van Thiel 1991, Homeri Odyssea, Hildesheim. ISBN 3 - 487 - 09458 - 4, 1996, Homeri Ilias, Hildesheim. ISBN 3 - 487 - 09459 - 2 M.L. West 1998 -- 2000, Homeri Ilias ( 2 volumes ), Munich / Leipzig. ISBN 3 - 598 - 71431 - 9, ISBN 3 - 598 - 71435 - 1 P. von der Mühll 1993, Homeri Odyssea, Munich / Leipzig. ISBN 3 - 598 - 71432 - 7 Interlinear translations The Iliad of Homer a Parsed Interlinear, Handheldclassics.com ( 2008 ) Text ISBN 978 - 1 - 60725 - 298 - 6 English translations Main article : English translations of Homer This is a partial list of translations into English of Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey. Augustus Taber Murray ( 1866 -- 1940 ) Homer : Iliad, 2 vols., revised by William F. Wyatt, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press ( 1999 ). Homer : Odyssey, 2 vols., revised by George E. Dimock, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press ( 1995 ). Robert Fitzgerald ( 1910 -- 1985 ) The Iliad, Farrar, Straus and Giroux ( 2004 ) ISBN 0 - 374 - 52905 - 1 The Odyssey, Farrar, Straus and Giroux ( 1998 ) ISBN 0 - 374 - 52574 - 9 Robert Fagles ( 1933 -- 2008 ) The Iliad, Penguin Classics ( 1998 ) ISBN 0 - 14 - 027536 - 3 The Odyssey, Penguin Classics ( 1999 ) ISBN 0 - 14 - 026886 - 3 Stanley Lombardo ( b. 1943 ) Iliad, Hackett Publishing Company ( 1997 ) ISBN 0 - 87220 - 352 - 2 Odyssey, Hackett Publishing Company ( 2000 ) ISBN 0 - 87220 - 484 - 7 Iliad, ( Audiobook ) Parmenides ( 2006 ) ISBN 1 - 930972 - 08 - 3 Odyssey, ( Audiobook ) Parmenides ( 2006 ) ISBN 1 - 930972 - 06 - 7 The Essential Homer, ( Audiobook ) Parmenides ( 2006 ) ISBN 1 - 930972 - 12 - 1 The Essential Iliad, ( Audiobook ) Parmenides ( 2006 ) ISBN 1 - 930972 - 10 - 5 Barry B. Powell ( b. 1942 ) `` Iliad '', Oxford University Press ( 2013 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 932610 - 5 `` Odyssey '', Oxford University PressI ( 2014 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 936031 - 4 `` Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey : The Essential Books '', Oxford University Press ( 2014 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 939407 - 4 Samuel Butler ( 1835 -- 1902 ) The Iliad, Red and Black Publishers ( 2008 ) ISBN 978 - 1 - 934941 - 04 - 1 The Odyssey, Red and Black Publishers ( 2008 ) ISBN 978 - 1 - 934941 - 05 - 8 Herbert Jordan ( b. 1938 ) Iliad, University of Oklahoma Press ( 2008 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 8061 - 3974 - 6 ( soft cover ) General works on Homer Carlier, Pierre ( 1999 ). Homère ( in French ). Paris : Les éditions Fayard. ISBN 2 - 213 - 60381 - 2. de Romilly, Jacqueline ( 2005 ). Homère ( 5th ed. ). Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2 - 13 - 054830 - X. Fowler, Robert, ed. ( 2004 ). The Cambridge Companion to Homer. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 01246 - 5. Latacz, J. ; Windle, Kevin, Tr. ; Ireland, Rosh, Tr. ( 2004 ). Troy and Homer : Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery. Oxford : Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 - 19 - 926308 - 6. In German, 5th updated and expanded edition, Leipzig, 2005. In Spanish, 2003, ISBN 84 - 233 - 3487 - 2. In modern Greek, 2005, ISBN 960 - 16 - 1557 - 1. Monro, David Binning ( 1911 ). `` Homer ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 ( 11th ed. ). pp. 626 -- 39. Morris, Ian ; Powell, Barry B., eds. ( 1997 ). A New Companion to Homer. Leiden : Brill. ISBN 90 - 04 - 09989 - 1. Powell, Barry B. ( 2007 ). Homer ( 2nd ed. ). Malden, MA ; Oxford, UK ; Carlton, Victoria : Wiley - Blackwell. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4051 - 5325 - 6. Vidal - Naquet, Pierre ( 2000 ). Le monde d'Homère ( in French ). Paris : Perrin. ISBN 2 - 262 - 01181 - 8. Wace, A.J.B. ; F.H. Stubbings ( 1962 ). A Companion to Homer. London : Macmillan. ISBN 0 - 333 - 07113 - 1. Influential readings and interpretations Auerbach, Erich ( 1953 ). `` Chapter 1 ''. Mimesis : The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Princeton : Princeton University Press. ISBN 0 - 691 - 11336 - X. ( orig. publ. in German, 1946, Bern ) de Jong, Irene J.F. ( 2004 ). Narrators and Focalizers : the Presentation of the Story in the Iliad ( 2nd ed. ). London : Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 1 - 85399 - 658 - 0. Edwards, Mark W. ( 1987 ). Homer, Poet of the Iliad. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0 - 8018 - 3329 - 9. Fenik, Bernard ( 1974 ). Studies in the Odyssey. Hermes, Einzelschriften 30. Wiesbaden : Steiner. Finley, Moses ( 2002 ). The World of Odysseus. New York : New York Review of Books. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59017 - 017 - 5. Nagy, Gregory ( 1979 ). The Best of the Achaeans : Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry. Baltimore ; London : Johns Hopkins University Press. Nagy, Gregory ( 2010 ). Homer : the Preclassic. Berkeley : University of California Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 520 - 95024 - 5. Commentaries Iliad : P.V. Jones ( ed. ) 2003, Homer 's Iliad. A Commentary on Three Translations, London. ISBN 1 - 85399 - 657 - 2 G.S. Kirk ( gen. ed. ) 1985 -- 1993, The Iliad : A Commentary ( 6 volumes ), Cambridge. ISBN 0 - 521 - 28171 - 7, ISBN 0 - 521 - 28172 - 5, ISBN 0 - 521 - 28173 - 3, ISBN 0 - 521 - 28174 - 1, ISBN 0 - 521 - 31208 - 6, ISBN 0 - 521 - 31209 - 4 J. Latacz ( gen. ed. ) 2002 Homers Ilias. Gesamtkommentar. Auf der Grundlage der Ausgabe von Ameis - Hentze - Cauer ( 1868 -- 1913 ) ( 6 volumes published so far, of an estimated 15 ), Munich / Leipzig. ISBN 3 - 598 - 74307 - 6, ISBN 3 - 598 - 74304 - 1 N. Postlethwaite ( ed. ) 2000, Homer 's Iliad : A Commentary on the Translation of Richmond Lattimore, Exeter. ISBN 0 - 85989 - 684 - 6 M.W. Willcock ( ed. ) 1976, A Companion to the Iliad, Chicago. ISBN 0 - 226 - 89855 - 5 Odyssey : A. Heubeck ( gen. ed. ) 1990 -- 1993, A Commentary on Homer 's Odyssey ( 3 volumes ; orig. publ. 1981 -- 1987 in Italian ), Oxford. ISBN 0 - 19 - 814747 - 3, ISBN 0 - 19 - 872144 - 7, ISBN 0 - 19 - 814953 - 0 P. Jones ( ed. ) 1988, Homer 's Odyssey : A Commentary based on the English Translation of Richmond Lattimore, Bristol. ISBN 1 - 85399 - 038 - 8 I.J.F. de Jong ( ed. ) 2001, A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey, Cambridge. ISBN 0 - 521 - 46844 - 2 Dating the Homeric poems Janko, Richard ( 1982 ). Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns : Diachronic Development in Epic Diction. Cambridge Classical Studies. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 23869 - 2. Further Reading Buck, Carl Darling ( 1928 ). The Greek Dialects. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Evelyn - White, Hugh Gerard ( tr. ) ( 1914 ). Hesiod, the Homeric hymns and Homerica. The Loeb Classical Library. London ; New York : Heinemann ; MacMillen. Ford, Andrew ( 1992 ). Homer : the poetry of the past. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press. ISBN 0 - 8014 - 2700 - 2. Graziosi, Barbara ( 2002 ). Inventing Homer : The Early Perception of Epic. Cambridge Classical Studies. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Kirk, G.S. ( 1962 ). The Songs of Homer. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ( 1940 ). A Greek - English Lexicon ( Revised ed. ). Oxford : Clarendon Press ; Perseus Digital Library. Murray, Gilbert ( 1960 ). The Rise of the Greek Epic ( Galaxy Books ed. ). New York : Oxford University Press. Schein, Seth L. ( 1984 ). The mortal hero : an introduction to Homer 's Iliad. Berkeley : University of California Press. ISBN 0 - 520 - 05128 - 9. Silk, Michael ( 1987 ). Homer : The Iliad. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 83233 - 0. Smith, William, ed. ( 1876 ). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. I, II & III. London : John Murray. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homer. Wikiquote has quotations related to : Homer Wikisource has original works written by or about : Homer Library resources about Homer Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By Homer Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Works by Homer at Perseus Digital Library Homer at Encyclopædia Britannica Works by Homer at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Homer at Internet Archive Works by Homer at LibriVox ( public domain audiobooks ) Homer ; Murray, A.T. The Iliad with an English Translation ( in Ancient Greek and English ). I, Books I -- XII. London ; New York : William Heinemann Ltd. ; G.P. Putnam 's Sons ; Internet Archive. The Chicago Homer Daitz, Stephen ( reader ). `` Homer, Iliad, Book I, lines 1 -- 52 ''. Society for the Reading of Greek and Latin Literature ( SORGLL ). Heath, Malcolm ( May 4, 2001 ). `` CLAS3152 Further Greek Literature II : Aristotle 's Poetics : Notes on Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey ''. Department of Classics, University of Leeds ; Internet Archive. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved 2014 - 11 - 07. Bassino, Paola ( 2014 ). `` Homer : A Guide to Selected Sources ''. Living Poets : a new approach to ancient history. Durham University. Retrieved November 18, 2014. Works related to Homer in antiquity Attributed to Homer Batrachomyomachia Cercopes Cypria Epigrams ( Kiln ) Epigoni Homeric Hymns Iliad Little Iliad Margites Nostoi Odyssey Capture of Oechalia Phocais Thebaid About Homer Ancient accounts of Homer Contest of Homer and Hesiod Life of Homer ( Pseudo-Herodotus ) Ancient Greece Outline Timeline History Geography Periods Cycladic civilization Minoan civilization Mycenaean civilization Greek Dark Ages Archaic period Classical Greece Hellenistic Greece Roman Greece Geography Aegean Sea Aeolis Alexandria Antioch Cappadocia Crete Cyprus Doris Ephesus Epirus Hellespont Ionia Ionian Sea Macedonia Magna Graecia Miletus Peloponnesus Pergamon Pontus Taurica Ancient Greek colonies City states Politics Military City states Argos Athens Byzantion Chalcis Corinth Eretria Kerkyra Larissa Megalopolis Megara Rhodes Samos Sparta Syracuse Thebes Politics Boeotarch Boule Koinon Proxeny Strategos Tagus Tyrant Amphictyonic League Athenian Agora Areopagus Ecclesia Graphē paranómōn Heliaia Ostracism Spartan Apella Ephor Gerousia Harmost Macedon Synedrion Koinon Military Wars Athenian military Antigonid Macedonian army Army of Macedon Ballista Cretan archers Hellenistic armies Hippeis Hoplite Hetairoi Macedonian phalanx Phalanx Peltast Pezhetairos Sarissa Sacred Band of Thebes Sciritae Seleucid army Spartan army Toxotai Xiphos Xyston People List of ancient Greeks Rulers Kings of Argos Archons of Athens Kings of Athens Kings of Commagene Diadochi Kings of Lydia Kings of Macedonia Kings of Paionia Attalid kings of Pergamon Kings of Pontus Kings of Sparta Tyrants of Syracuse Philosophers Anaxagoras Anaximander Anaximenes Antisthenes Aristotle Democritus Diogenes of Sinope Empedocles Epicurus Gorgias Heraclitus Hypatia Leucippus Parmenides Plato Protagoras Pythagoras Socrates Thales Zeno Authors Aeschylus Aesop Alcaeus Archilochus Aristophanes Bacchylides Euripides Herodotus Hesiod Hipponax Homer Ibycus Lucian Menander Mimnermus Panyassis Philocles Pindar Plutarch Polybius Sappho Simonides Sophocles Stesichorus Theognis Thucydides Timocreon Tyrtaeus Xenophon Others Agesilaus II Agis II Alcibiades Alexander the Great Aratus Archimedes Aspasia Demosthenes Epaminondas Euclid Hipparchus Hippocrates Leonidas Lycurgus Lysander Milo of Croton Miltiades Pausanias Pericles Philip of Macedon Philopoemen Praxiteles Ptolemy Pyrrhus Solon Themistocles Groups Philosophers Playwrights Poets Tyrants By culture Ancient Greek tribes Thracian Greeks Ancient Macedonians Society Culture Society Agriculture Calendar Clothing Coinage Cuisine Economy Education Festivals Funeral and burial practices Homosexuality Law Olympic Games Pederasty Philosophy Prostitution Religion Slavery Warfare Wedding customs Wine Arts and science Architecture Greek Revival architecture Astronomy Literature Mathematics Medicine Music Musical system Pottery Sculpture Technology Theatre Religion Funeral and burial practices Mythology mythological figures Temple Twelve Olympians Underworld Sacred places Eleusis Delphi Delos Dodona Mount Olympus Olympia Structures Athenian Treasury Lion Gate Long Walls Philippeion Theatre of Dionysus Tunnel of Eupalinos Temples Aphaea Artemis Athena Nike Erechtheion Hephaestus Hera, Olympia Parthenon Samothrace Zeus, Olympia Language Proto - Greek Mycenaean Homeric Dialects Aeolic Arcadocypriot Attic Doric Ionic Locrian Macedonian Pamphylian Koine Writing Linear A Linear B Cypriot syllabary Greek alphabet Greek numerals Attic numerals Lists Cities in Epirus People Place names Stoae Temples Theatres Portal Associated subjects Theban Cycle Poems Oedipodea Thebaid Epigoni Alcmeonis Nominal authors Cinaethon ( Oedipodea ) Homer ( Thebaid, Epigoni ) Antimachus of Teos ( Epigoni ) Epic Cycle Cypria Iliad Aethiopis Little Iliad Iliupersis Nostoi Odyssey Telegony Homer 's Odyssey ( 8th century BC ) Characters Characters House of Odysseus Penelope ( wife ) Telemachus ( son ) Anticlea ( mother ) Laërtes ( father ) Autolycus ( grandfather ) Eurycleia ( chief servant ) Mentor ( advisor ) Phemius ( musician ) Eumaeus ( swineherd ) Philoetius ( cowherd ) Melanthius ( goatherd ) Argos ( pet - dog ) Monarchs and royals Alcinous of Phaeacia Arete of Phaeacia Nestor of Pylos Menelaus of Sparta Princess Nausicaa of Phaeacia Agamemnon of Mycenae Gods Athena Apollo Artemis Atlas Calypso Circe Hermes Poseidon Zeus Oceanus Others Achilles Aeolus Ajax Amphimedon Anticlus Antiphates Antiphus Aretus Cyclopes Demodocus Demoptolemus Deucalion Dolius Echephron Echetus Elpenor Eupeithes Euryalus Eurylochus Halitherses Helen Heracles Idomeneus Irus Kikonians Laodamas Laestrygones Medon Melantho Mentes Old Man of the Sea Peisistratus Perimedes Perseus Polites Polydamna Polyphemus Scylla and Charybdis Sirens Stratichus Tiresias Theoclymenus Thrasymedes Suitors Agelaus Amphinomus Antinous Ctesippus Eurymachus Leodes Odyssean gods Athena Poseidon Calypso Circe Ino Hermes Zeus Heracles Films L'Odissea ( 1911 Italian ) Ulysses ( 1954 Italian ) Ulysses ' Gaze ( 1995 Greek ) O Brother, Where Art Thou ? ( 2000 ) Keyhole ( 2012 ) TV L'Odissea ( 1968 ) Ulysses 31 ( 1981 Japanese anime ) The Odyssey ( 1997 ) Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists ( 2007 ) Star Trek : Odyssey ( 2007 ) Literature True History ( 2nd century AD ) Les Aventures de Télémaque ( 1699 ) The World 's Desire ( 1890 ) Ulysses ( 1922 ) The Human Comedy ( 1943 ) Big Fish : A Novel of Mythic Proportions ( 1998 ) Trojan Odyssey ( 2003 ) The Penelopiad ( 2005 ) The Lost Books of the Odyssey ( 2010 ) Poems Ulysses ( 1842 ) The Odyssey : A Modern Sequel ( 1938 ) The Cantos ( 1962 ) Pagan Operetta ( 1998 ) Stage Current Nobody ( play ) Cyclops ( play ) Ithaka ( play ) Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria ( opera ) The Golden Apple ( musical ) Glam Slam Ulysses ( musical ) Home Sweet Homer ( musical ) Song `` Tales of Brave Ulysses '' ( song ) `` The Odyssey '' ( song ) The Odyssey ( symphony ) Study Homeric scholarship Homeric Question Chorizontes Geography of the Odyssey Historicity of the Homer epics Odysseus Unbound Homer 's Ithaca Rediscovering Homer The Baltic Origins of Homer 's Epic Tales `` Odysseus ' scar '' Hermoniakos ' Iliad Hysteron proteron Epithets in Homer Dactylic hexameter Translations `` On First Looking into Chapman 's Homer '' On Translating Homer Video games Odyssey : The Search for Ulysses Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey Phrases In medias res Between Scylla and Charybdis Related Telemachy Nekyia Trojan Horse Suitors of Penelope The Odyssey Old Man of the Sea The Apotheosis of Homer Contempt Cold Mountain ( novel ) Cold Mountain ( film ) Homer 's Daughter Homer 's Iliad ( 8th century BC ) Characters Achaeans Acamas Achilles Agamemnon Agapenor Ajax the Greater Ajax the Lesser Alcimus Anticlus Antilochus Arcesilaus Ascalaphus Automedon Balius and Xanthus Bias Calchas Diomedes Elephenor Epeius Eudoros Euryalus Eurybates Eurydamas Eurypylus Guneus Helen Ialmenus Idomeneus Leitus Leonteus Lycomedes Machaon Medon Meges Menelaus Menestheus Meriones Neoptolemus Nestor Nireus Odysseus Palamedes Patroclus Peneleos Philoctetes Phoenix Podalirius Podarces Polites Polypoetes Promachus Protesilaus Prothoenor Schedius Stentor Sthenelus Talthybius Teucer Thersites Thoas Thrasymedes Tlepolemus Trojans Aeneas Aesepus Agenor Alcathous Amphimachus Anchises Andromache Antenor Antiphates Antiphus Archelochus Asius Asteropaios Astyanax Atymnius Axylus Briseis Calesius Caletor Cassandra Chryseis Chryses Clytius Coön Dares Phrygius Deiphobus Dolon Epistrophus Euphemus Euphorbus Glaucus Gorgythion Hector Hecuba Helenus Hyperenor Hypsenor Ilioneus Imbrius Iphidamas Kebriones Laocoön Lycaon Melanippus Mentes Mydon Mygdon of Phrygia Othryoneus Pandarus Panthous Paris Pedasus Peirous Phorcys Polites Polydamas Polybus Polydorus Priam Pylaemenes Pylaeus Pyraechmes Rhesus of Thrace Sarpedon Theano Ucalegon Major deities Aphrodite Apollo Ares Artemis Athena Hades Hephaestus Hera Hermes Poseidon Zeus Minor deities Deimos Eris Iris Leto Phobos Proteus Scamander Thetis Films Helena ( 1924 ) Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) The Trojan Horse ( 1961 ) Troy ( 2004 ) Literature Verse Priapea 68 De bello Troiano ( 1183 ) The Rape of the Lock ( 1712 ) `` The Shield of Achilles '' ( 1952 ) War Music ( 1959 ) Omeros ( 1990 ) Novels The Firebrand ( 1987 ) Black Ships Before Troy ( 1993 ) Troy ( 2000 ) Ilium ( 2003 ) Ransom ( 2009 ) The Adventures of Odysseus ( 2010 - 2014 ) Starcrossed ( 2011 ) Alternate versions Ilias Latina ( 60 -- 70 CE ) Dictys Cretensis Ephemeridos belli Trojani ( 4th century ? ) Daretis Phrygii de excidio Trojae historia ( 5th century ) Hermoniakos ' Iliad ( 14th century ) Men in Aida ( 1983 ) Translations `` On First Looking into Chapman 's Homer '' On Translating Homer Stage The Golden Apple ( musical ) Rhesus ( play ) Sections Catalogue of Ships Deception of Zeus Trojan Battle Order Manuscripts Ambrosian Iliad Codex Nitriensis Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 20 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 21 Uncial 098 Venetus A Venetus B Phrases `` Ever to Excel '' `` Hold your horses '' Television The Myth Makers ( 1965 ) In Search of the Trojan War ( 1985 ) Helen of Troy ( 2003 miniseries ) Art The Apotheosis of Homer The Loves of Paris and Helen Menelaus supporting the body of Patroclus Orestes Pursued by the Furies The Revelers Vase Statue of Zeus at Olympia Music King Priam ( 1961 Tippett opera ) The Triumph of Steel ( 1992 album ) `` And Then There Was Silence '' ( 2001 song ) The Odyssey ( Smith symphony ) Study Homeric scholarship Homeric Question Chorizontes Historicity of Homer The Baltic Origins of Homer 's Epic Tales `` The Iliad or the Poem of Force '' ( 1939 essay ) Milawata letter Rediscovering Homer Dactylic hexameter Other Warriors : Legends of Troy ( video game ) Age of Bronze ( comics ) Sortes Homericae Tabula iliaca `` In medias res '' `` Noblesse oblige '' The Trojan War Will Not Take Place Heraclitus Weighing of souls Where Troy Once Stood Blood rain VIAF : 224924963 LCCN : n78095639 ISNI : 0000 0001 2145 7753 GND : 11855333X SELIBR : 189316 SUDOC : 026924005 BNF : cb11907688f ( data ) BIBSYS : 90069675 ULAN : 500279109 MusicBrainz : b721f499 - 8caa - 4442 - a411 - 568807b14464 NLA : 35204200 NDL : 00443699 NKC : jn19981001474 ICCU : IT ICCU CFIV 018814 RLS : 000082457 BNE : XX907843 IATH : w6qz9r2d Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homer&oldid=818892582 '' Categories : Homer Oral epic poets Epic poets Blind writers Mythography Ancient Greek poets 8th - century BC Greek people 8th - century BC poets Blind people from Greece Mycenaean Greece Greek historical hero cult Greek culture heroes Greek speculative fiction writers Greek gods Ancient Chians Ancient Smyrnaeans Deified people People whose existence is disputed Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Articles containing Ancient Greek - language text CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links CS1 foreign language sources ( ISO 639 - 2 ) AC with 17 elements Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SBN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikisource Адыгэбзэ Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés Armãneashti অসমীয়া Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ भोजपुरी Bikol Central Bislama Български Boarisch བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Буряад Català Чӑвашла Čeština Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Estremeñu Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Føroyskt Français Frysk Furlan Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego 贛 語 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Hawaiʻi Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Ирон Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî ລາວ Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Limburgs Lumbaart Magyar मैथिली Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം Malti मराठी მარგალური مصرى Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Mirandés Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Dorerin Naoero Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Novial Occitan Олык марий ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Pälzisch پنجابی پښتو Patois ភាសា ខ្មែរ Picard Piemontèis Plattdüütsch Polski Português Qaraqalpaqsha Qırımtatarca Română Runa Simi Русиньскый Русский Саха тыла Scots Seeltersk Shqip Sicilianu Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Taqbaylit Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Türkmençe Удмурт Українська اردو Vahcuengh Vèneto Vepsän kel ' Tiếng Việt Volapük Võro Walon Winaray 吴语 ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 Zazaki Žemaitėška 中文 डोटेली Kabɩyɛ Edit links This page was last edited on 6 January 2018, at 06 : 07. 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Question: who is called the homer of english literature
Answer: legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey,