I know that I know nothing - wikipedia I know that I know nothing Part of a series on Socrates `` I know that I know nothing '' Social gadfly Trial of Socrates Eponymous concepts Socratic dialogue Socratic method Socratic questioning Socratic irony Socratic paradox Socratic problem Apology ( Plato ) Disciples Plato Xenophon Antisthenes Aristippus Related topics Megarians Cynicism Cyrenaics Platonism Aristotelianism Stoicism Virtue ethics The Clouds The phrase `` I know that I know nothing '', `` The only thing I know is that I know nothing '' or `` I know one thing ; that I know nothing '', `` I know that all I know is that I do not know anything '', called the Socratic paradox, is a well - known saying that is derived from Plato 's account of the Greek philosopher Socrates. The phrase is not one that Socrates himself is ever recorded as saying. This saying is also connected or conflated with the answer to a question Socrates ( according to Xenophon ) or Chaerephon ( according to Plato ) is said to have posed to the Pythia, the oracle of Delphi, in which the Oracle stated something to the effect of `` Socrates is the wisest. '' Contents 1 Etymology 2 In Plato 3 Alternative usage 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Etymology The phrase, originally from Latin ( `` ipse se nihil scire id unum sciat '' ), is a possible paraphrase from a Greek text ( see below ). It is also quoted as `` scio me nihil scire '' or `` scio me nescire ''. It was later back - translated to Katharevousa Greek as `` ( ἓν οἶδα ὅτι ) οὐδὲν οἶδα '', ( èn oîda óti ) oudèn oîda ). In Plato The saying, though widely attributed to Plato 's Socrates in both ancient and modern times, actually occurs nowhere in Plato 's works in this form. Two prominent Plato scholars have recently argued that the claim should not be attributed to Plato 's Socrates. Evidence that Socrates does not actually claim to know nothing can be found at Apology 29b - c, where he claims twice to know something. See also Apology 29d, where Socrates indicates that he is so confident in his claim to knowledge at 29b - c that he is willing to die for it. In Apology, Plato relates that Socrates accounts for his seeming wiser than any other person because he does not imagine that he knows what he does not know. (... ) ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μὴ οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι. (... ) I seem, then, in just this little thing to be wiser than this man at any rate, that what I do not know I do not think I know either. One ought to remember the context in which this passage occurs, namely Socrates having gone to a `` wise '' man, and having discussed with him, withdraws and thinks the above to himself. Socrates, since he denied any kind of knowledge, then tried to find someone wiser than himself among politicians, poets, and craftsmen. It appeared that politicians claimed wisdom without knowledge ; poets could touch people with their words, but did not know their meaning ; and craftsmen could claim knowledge only in specific and narrow fields. The interpretation of the Oracle 's answer might be Socrates ' awareness of his own ignorance. Socrates also deals with this phrase in Plato 's dialogue Meno when he says : καὶ νῦν περὶ ἀρετῆς ὃ ἔστιν ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, σὺ μέντοι ἴσως πρότερον μὲν ᾔδησθα πρὶν ἐμοῦ ἅψασθαι, νῦν μέντοι ὅμοιος εἶ οὐκ εἰδότι. ( So now I do not know what virtue is ; perhaps you knew before you contacted me, but now you are certainly like one who does not know. ) ( trans. G.M.A. Grube ) Here, Socrates aims at the change of Meno 's opinion, who was a firm believer in his own opinion and whose claim to knowledge Socrates had disproved. It is essentially the question that begins `` post-Socratic '' Western philosophy. Socrates begins all wisdom with wondering, thus one must begin with admitting one 's ignorance. After all, Socrates ' dialectic method of teaching was based on that he as a teacher knew nothing, so he would derive knowledge from his students by dialogue. There is also a passage by Diogenes Laertius in his work Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers where he lists, among the things that Socrates used to say : `` εἰδέναι μὲν μηδὲν πλὴν αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι '', or `` that he knew nothing except that he knew that very fact ( i.e. that he knew nothing ) ''. Again, closer to the quote, there is a passage in Plato 's Apology, where Socrates says that after discussing with someone he started thinking that : τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι κινδυνεύει μὲν γὰρ ἡμῶν οὐδέτερος οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν εἰδέναι, ἀλλ  ̓ οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μὴ οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι. I am wiser than this man, for neither of us appears to know anything great and good ; but he fancies he knows something, although he knows nothing ; whereas I, as I do not know anything, so I do not fancy I do. In this trifling particular, then, I appear to be wiser than he, because I do not fancy I know what I do not know. Alternative usage `` Socratic paradox '' may also refer to statements of Socrates that seem contrary to common sense, such as that `` no one desires evil '' ( see Socratic paradoxes ). See also Apodicticity Cogito Dunning -- Kruger effect Doxastic logic, Doxastic attitudes Epistemology Gnothi seauton Ignoramus et ignorabimus Maieutics Münchhausen trilemma Sapere aude Skepticism That Nothing Is Known There are known knowns Tractatus Logico - Philosophicus References Jump up ^ H. Bowden, Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle : Divination and Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 82. Jump up ^ `` He himself thinks he knows one thing, that he knows nothing '' ; Cicero, Academica, Book I, section 16. Jump up ^ A variant is found in von Kues, De visione Dei, XIII, 146 ( Werke, Walter de Gruyter, 1967, p. 312 ) : ``... et hoc scio solum, quia scio me nescire ( sic )... ( I know alone, that ( or because ) I know, that I do not know ). '' Jump up ^ Translatum : The Greek Translation Vortal -- Topic : All I know is that I know nothing Jump up ^ Gail Fine, `` Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing ? '', Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy vol. 35 ( 2008 ), pp. 49 -- 88. Jump up ^ Fine argues that `` it is better not to attribute it to him '' ( `` Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing ? '', Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy vol. 35 ( 2008 ), p. 51 ). C.C.W. Taylor has argued that the `` paradoxical formulation is a clear misreading of Plato '' ( Socrates, Oxford University Press 1998, p. 46 ). ^ Jump up to : Plato, Apology 21d. Jump up ^ Plato ; Morris Kaplan ( 2009 ). The Socratic Dialogues. Kaplan Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4277 - 9953 - 1. Jump up ^ Plato, Meno 80d1 -- 3. Jump up ^ Diogenes Laertius II. 32. Jump up ^ Terence Irwin, The Development of Ethics, vol. 1, Oxford University Press 2007, p. 14 ; Gerasimos Santas, `` The Socratic Paradoxes '', Philosophical Review 73 ( 1964 ), pp. 147 -- 64. 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Question: who said i know that i know nothing
Answer: Socrates