Watt - wikipedia Watt This article is about the unit of power. For other uses, see Watt ( disambiguation ). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2017 ) Watt Unit system SI derived unit Unit of Power Symbol W Named after James Watt Unit conversions 1 W in...... is equal to... SI base units 1 kg ⋅ m ⋅ s CGS units 7007100000000000000 ♠ 1 × 10 erg s The watt ( symbol : W ) is a unit of power. In the International System of Units ( SI ) it is defined as a derived unit of 1 joule per second, and is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. In dimensional analysis it is described by M L 2 T − 3 ( displaystyle ( mathsf ( ML ) ) ^ ( 2 ) ( mathsf ( T ) ) ^ ( - 3 ) ). Contents 1 Examples 2 Origin and adoption as an SI unit 3 Multiples 3.1 Femtowatt 3.2 Picowatt 3.3 Nanowatt 3.4 Microwatt 3.5 Milliwatt 3.6 Kilowatt 3.7 Megawatt 3.8 Gigawatt 3.9 Terawatt 3.10 Petawatt 4 Conventions in the electric power industry 5 Radio transmission 6 Distinction between watts and watt - hours 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Examples When an object 's velocity is held constant at one meter per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is 1 watt. 1 W = 1 J s = 1 N ⋅ m s = 1 k g ⋅ m 2 s 3 ( displaystyle mathrm ( 1 ~ W = 1 ~ ( \frac ( J ) ( s ) ) = 1 ~ ( \frac ( N cdot m ) ( s ) ) = 1 ~ ( \frac ( kg cdot m ^ ( 2 ) ) ( s ^ ( 3 ) ) ) ) ) In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere ( A ) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt ( V ). 1 W = 1 V ⋅ 1 A ( displaystyle mathrm ( 1 ~ W = 1 ~ V cdot 1 ~ A ) ) Two additional unit conversions for watt can be found using the above equation and Ohm 's Law. 1 W = 1 V 2 Ω = 1 A 2 ⋅ Ω ( displaystyle mathrm ( 1 ~ W = 1 ~ ( \frac ( V ^ ( 2 ) ) ( Omega ) ) = 1 ~ A ^ ( 2 ) cdot Omega ) ) Where ohm ( Ω ( displaystyle Omega ) ) is the SI derived unit of electrical resistance. A person having a mass of 100 kilograms who climbs a 3 - meter - high ladder in 5 seconds is doing work at a rate of about 600 watts. Mass times acceleration due to gravity times height divided by the time it takes to lift the object to the given height gives the rate of doing work or power. A laborer over the course of an 8 - hour day can sustain an average output of about 75 watts ; higher power levels can be achieved for short intervals and by athletes. Origin and adoption as an SI unit The watt is named after the Scottish inventor James Watt for his contributions to the development of the steam engine. The measurement unit was recognized by the Second Congress of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882, concurrent with the start of commercial power production from both water and steam. In 1960 the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted it for the measurement of power into the International System of Units ( SI ). Multiples For additional examples of magnitude for multiples and submultiples of the watt, see Orders of magnitude ( power ) SI multiples for watt ( W ) Submultiples Multiples Value SI symbol Name Value SI symbol Name 10 W dW deciwatt 10 W daW decawatt 10 W cW centiwatt 10 W hW hectowatt 10 W mW milliwatt 10 W kW kilowatt 10 W μW microwatt 10 W MW megawatt 10 W nW nanowatt 10 W GW gigawatt 10 W pW picowatt 10 W TW terawatt 10 W fW femtowatt 10 W PW petawatt 10 W aW attowatt 10 W EW exawatt 10 W zW zeptowatt 10 W ZW zettawatt 10 W yW yoctowatt 10 W YW yottawatt Common multiples are in bold face Femtowatt The femtowatt ( fW ) is equal to one quadrillionth ( 10 ) of a watt. Technologically important powers that are measured in femtowatts are typically found in reference ( s ) to radio and radar receivers. For example, meaningful FM tuner performance figures for sensitivity, quieting and signal - to - noise require that the RF energy applied to the antenna input be specified. These input levels are often stated in dBf ( decibels referenced to 1 femtowatt ). This is 0.2739 microvolt across a 75 - ohm load or 0.5477 microvolt across a 300 - ohm load ; the specification takes into account the RF input impedance of the tuner. Picowatt The picowatt ( pW ), not to be confused with the much larger petawatt ( PW ), is equal to one trillionth ( 10 ) of a watt. Technologically important powers that are measured in picowatts are typically used in reference to radio and radar receivers, acoustics and in the science of radio astronomy. One picowatt is the international standard reference value of sound power when this quantity is expressed as a level in decibels. Nanowatt The nanowatt ( nW ) is equal to one billionth ( 10 ) of a watt. Important powers that are measured in nanowatts are also typically used in reference to radio and radar receivers. Microwatt The microwatt ( μW ) is equal to one millionth ( 10 ) of a watt. Important powers that are measured in microwatts are typically stated in medical instrumentation systems such as the EEG and the ECG, in a wide variety of scientific and engineering instruments and also in reference to radio and radar receivers. Compact solar cells for devices such as calculators and watches are typically measured in microwatts. Milliwatt The milliwatt ( mW ) is equal to one thousandth ( 10 ) of a watt. A typical laser pointer outputs about five milliwatts of light power, whereas a typical hearing aid for people uses less than one milliwatt. Audio signals and other electronic signal levels are often measured in dBm, referenced to one milliwatt. Kilowatt `` Kilowatt '' and `` Kilowatts '' redirect here. For the place in the United States, see Kilowatt, California. For the musician James Watts, see KiloWatts ( musician ). `` kW '' redirects here. For other uses, see kW ( disambiguation ). The kilowatt ( kW ) is equal to one thousand ( 10 ) watts. This unit is typically used to express the output power of engines and the power of electric motors, tools, machines, and heaters. It is also a common unit used to express the electromagnetic power output of broadcast radio and television transmitters. One kilowatt is approximately equal to 1.34 horsepower. A small electric heater with one heating element can use 1.0 kilowatt. The average electric power consumption of a household in the United States is about one kilowatt. A surface area of one square meter on Earth receives typically about one kilowatt of sunlight from the sun ( the solar irradiance ) ( on a clear day at mid day, close to the equator ). Megawatt The megawatt ( MW ) is equal to one million ( 10 ) watts. Many events or machines produce or sustain the conversion of energy on this scale, including large electric motors ; large warships such as aircraft carriers, cruisers, and submarines ; large server farms or data centers ; and some scientific research equipment, such as supercolliders, and the output pulses of very large lasers. A large residential or commercial building may use several megawatts in electric power and heat. On railways, modern high - powered electric locomotives typically have a peak power output of 5 or 6 MW, although some produce much more. The Eurostar, for example, uses more than 12 MW, while heavy diesel - electric locomotives typically produce / use 3 to 5 MW. U.S. nuclear power plants have net summer capacities between about 500 and 1300 MW. The earliest citing of the megawatt in the Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) is a reference in the 1900 Webster 's International Dictionary of English Language. The OED also states that megawatt appeared in a 28 November 1947 article in the journal Science ( 506 : 2 ). Gigawatt The gigawatt ( GW ) is equal to one billion ( 10 ) watts or 1 gigawatt = 1000 megawatts. This unit is often used for large power plants or power grids. For example, by the end of 2010 power shortages in China 's Shanxi province were expected to increase to 5 -- 6 GW and the installed capacity of wind power in Germany was 25.8 GW. The largest unit ( out of four ) of the Belgian Doel Nuclear Power Station has a peak output of 1.04 GW. HVDC converters have been built with power ratings of up to 2 GW. Terawatt The terawatt ( TW ) is equal to one trillion ( 10 ) watts. The total power used by humans worldwide is commonly measured in terawatts ( see primary energy ). The most powerful lasers from the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s produced power in terawatts, but only for nanosecond time frames. The average lightning strike peaks at 1 terawatt, but these strikes only last for 30 microseconds. Petawatt The petawatt ( PW ) is equal to one quadrillion ( 10 ) watts and can be produced by the current generation of lasers for time - scales on the order of picoseconds ( 10 s ). One such laser is the Lawrence Livermore 's Nova laser, which achieved a power output of 1.25 PW ( 7015125000000000000 ♠ 1.25 × 10 W ) by a process called chirped pulse amplification. The duration of the pulse was roughly 0.5 ps ( 6987500000000000000 ♠ 5 × 10 s ), giving a total energy of 600 J. Another example is the Laser for Fast Ignition Experiments ( LFEX ) at the Institute of Laser Engineering ( ILE ), Osaka University, which achieved a power output of 2 PW for a duration of approximately 1 ps. Based on the average total solar irradiance of 1.366 kW / m, the total power of sunlight striking Earth 's atmosphere is estimated at 174 PW ( see : solar constant ). Conventions in the electric power industry In the electric power industry, megawatt electrical ( MWe or MW ) refers by convention to the electric power produced by a generator, while megawatt thermal or thermal megawatt ( MWt, MW, or MWth, MW ) refers to thermal power produced by the plant. For example, the Embalse nuclear power plant in Argentina uses a fission reactor to generate 2109 MW ( i.e. heat ), which creates steam to drive a turbine, which generates 648 MW ( i.e. electricity ). Other SI prefixes are sometimes used, for example gigawatt electrical ( GW ). The International Bureau of Weights and Measures, which maintains the SI - standard, states that further information about a quantity should not be attached to the unit symbol but instead to the quantity symbol ( i.e., P = 270 W rather than P = 270 W ) and so these units are non-SI. In compliance with SI the energy company DONG Energy uses the unit megawatt for produced electrical power and the equivalent unit megajoule / s for delivered heating power in a combined heat and power station such as Avedøre Power Station. When describing alternating current ( AC ) electricity, another distinction is made between the watt and the volt - ampere. While these units are equivalent for simple resistive circuits, they differ when loads exhibit electrical reactance. Radio transmission Main article : Effective radiated power Radio stations usually report the power of their transmitters in units of watts, referring to the effective radiated power. It refers to the relative power of the transmission when it is directed towards the horizon for maximum geographic coverage, rather than uniformly broadcast in all directions. Distinction between watts and watt - hours The terms power and energy are frequently confused. Power is the rate at which energy is generated or consumed and hence is measured in units ( e.g. watts ) that represent energy per unit time. For example, when a light bulb with a power rating of 100 W is turned on for one hour, the energy used is 100 watt hours ( W h ), 0.1 kilowatt hour, or 360 kJ. This same amount of energy would light a 40 - watt bulb for 2.5 hours, or a 50 - watt bulb for 2 hours. Power stations are rated using units of power, typically megawatts or gigawatts ( for example, the Three Gorges Dam is rated at approximately 22 gigawatts ). This reflects the maximum power output it can achieve at any point in time. A power station 's annual energy output, however, would be recorded using units of energy ( not power ), typically gigawatt hours. Major energy production or consumption is often expressed as terawatt hours for a given period ; often a calendar year or financial year. One terawatt hour of energy is equal to a sustained power delivery of one terawatt for one hour, or approximately 114 megawatts for a period of one year. The watt second is a unit of energy, equal to the joule. One kilowatt hour is 3,600,000 watt seconds. The watt second is used, for example, to rate the energy storage of flash lamps used in photography, although the term joule is generally employed. While a watt per hour exists in principle ( as a unit of rate of change of power with time ), it is not correct to refer to a watt ( or watt hour ) as a `` watt per hour ''. See also Power factor Volt - ampere Watt balance Watt - peak Wattmeter Notes Jump up ^ The energy in climbing the stairs is given by mgh. Setting m = 100 kg, g = 9.8 m / s and h = 3 m gives 2940 J. Dividing this by the time taken ( 5 s ) gives a power of 588 W. Jump up ^ Average household electric power consumption is 1.19 kW in the US, 0.53 kW in the UK. In India it is 0.13 kW ( urban ) and 0.03 kW ( rural ) -- computed from GJ figures quoted by Nakagami, Murakoshi and Iwafune. Jump up ^ Watts per hour would properly refer to a rate of change of power being used ( or generated ). Watts per hour might be useful to characterize the ramp - up behavior of power plants, or slow - reacting plant where their power could only change slowly. For example, a power plant that changes its power output from 1 MW to 2 MW in 15 minutes would have a ramp - up rate of 4 MW / h. References Jump up ^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( 2006 ), The International System of Units ( SI ) ( PDF ) ( 8th ed. ), pp. 118, 144, ISBN 92 - 822 - 2213 - 6, archived ( PDF ) from the original on 2017 - 08 - 14 Jump up ^ Avallone, Eugene A ; et. al, eds. ( 2007 ), Marks ' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers ( 11th ed. ), New York : Mc - Graw Hill, pp. 9 -- 4, ISBN 0 - 07 - 142867 - 4. Jump up ^ Morfey, C.L. ( 2001 ). Dictionary of Acoustics. Jump up ^ `` Bye - Bye Batteries : Radio Waves as a Low - Power Source '', The New York Times, Jul 18, 2010, archived from the original on 2017 - 03 - 21. Jump up ^ Stetzler, Trudy ; Magotra, Neeraj ; Gelabert, Pedro ; Kasthuri, Preethi ; Bangalore, Sridevi. `` Low - Power Real - Time Programmable DSP Development Platform for Digital Hearing Aids ''. Datasheet Archive. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010. Jump up ^ Nakagami, Hidetoshi ; Murakoshi, Chiharu ; Iwafune, Yumiko ( 2008 ). International Comparison of Household Energy Consumption and Its Indicator ( PDF ). ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Pacific Grove, California : American Council for an Energy - Efficient Economy. Figure 3. Energy Consumption per Household by Fuel Type. 8 : 214 -- 8 : 224. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2013. Jump up ^ Elena Papadopoulou, Photovoltaic Industrial Systems : An Environmental Approach Springer 2011 ISBN 3642163017, p. 153 Jump up ^ `` 2007 -- 2008 Information Digest, Appendix A '' ( PDF ). Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 2007. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2008. Jump up ^ Bai, Jim ; Chen, Aizhu ( 11 November 2010 ). Lewis, Chris, ed. `` China 's Shanxi to face 5 -- 6 GW power shortage by yr - end -- paper ''. Peking : Reuters. Jump up ^ `` Not on my beach, please ''. The Economist. 19 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Chiffres clés '' ( Key numbers ). Electrabel. Who are we : Nuclear ( in French ). 2011. Archived from the original on 2011 - 07 - 10. Jump up ^ Davidson, CC ; Preedy, RM ; Cao, J ; Zhou, C ; Fu, J ( October 2010 ), `` Ultra-High - Power Thyristor Valves for HVDC in Developing Countries '', 9th International Conference on AC / DC Power Transmission, London : IET. Jump up ^ `` Crossing the Petawatt threshold ''. Livermore, CA : Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012. Jump up ^ World 's most powerful laser : 2 000 trillion watts. What 's it ?, IFL Science, archived from the original on 2015 - 08 - 22. Jump up ^ Eureka alert ( publicity release ), Aug 2015, archived from the original on 2015 - 08 - 08. Jump up ^ `` Construction of a Composite Total Solar Irradiance ( TSI ) Time Series from 1978 to present ''. CH : PMODWRC. Archived from the original on 2011 - 08 - 22. Retrieved 2005 - 10 - 05. Jump up ^ Rowlett, Russ. `` How Many ? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. M ''. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2011 - 08 - 22. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 04. Jump up ^ Cleveland, CJ ( 2007 ). `` Watt ''. Encyclopedia of Earth. Jump up ^ `` Solar Energy Grew at a Record Pace in 2008 ( excerpt from EERE Network News ''. US : Department of Energy ). 25 March 2009. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Jump up ^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( 2006 ), The International System of Units ( SI ) ( PDF ) ( 8th ed. ), p. 132, ISBN 92 - 822 - 2213 - 6, archived ( PDF ) from the original on 2017 - 08 - 14 Jump up ^ `` Avedøre Power Station ( Avedøre værket ) ''. DONG Energy. Archived from the original on 2014 - 03 - 17. Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Inverter Selection ''. Northern Arizona Wind and Sun. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009. External links Look up watt in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Borvon, Gérard, History of the electrical units, FR : Free. Nelson, Robert A ( February 2000 ), The International System of Units : Its History and Use in Science and Industry, Via Satellite, ATI courses. SI units Authority : International System of Units ( BIPM ) Base units ampere candela kelvin kilogram metre mole second Derived units with special names becquerel coulomb degree Celsius farad gray henry hertz joule katal lumen lux newton ohm pascal radian siemens sievert steradian tesla volt watt weber Other accepted units astronomical unit bar dalton day decibel degree of arc electronvolt hectare hour litre minute minute of arc neper second of arc tonne atomic units natural units See also Conversion of units Metric prefixes Proposed redefinitions Systems of measurement Book Energy portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watt&oldid=827460406 '' Categories : SI derived units Units of power James Watt Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Articles needing additional references from May 2017 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Français Frysk Furlan Gaeilge Galego 贛 語 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Къарачай - малкъар ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Limburgs Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी مصرى Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Nordfriisk Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Patois Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Tarandíne Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Тыва дыл Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 Žemaitėška 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 February 2018, at 21 : 18. 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Question: unit of electrical power named after scottish inventor
Answer: watt