Injection ( medicine ) - wikipedia Injection ( medicine ) This article is about the medical procedure. For other uses, see Injection. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2010 ) A Somali boy receiving a subcutaneous injection of polio vaccine Needle insertion angles for 4 types of injections : intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous and intradermal injection. Injection ( often referred to as a `` shot '' in US English, or a `` jab '' in UK English ) is the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person 's body using a needle ( usually a hypodermic needle ) and a syringe. Injection is a technique for delivering drugs by parenteral administration, that is, administration via a route other than through the digestive tract. Parenteral injection includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracardiac, intraarticular and intracavernous injection. Injection is generally administered as a bolus, but can possibly be used for continuous drug administration as well. Even when administered as a bolus, the medication may be long - acting, and can then be called depot injection. Administration by an indwelling catheter is generally preferred instead of injection in case of more long - term or recurrent drug administration. Injections are among the most common health care procedures, with at least 16 billion administered in developing and transitional countries each year. 95 % of injections are administered in curative care, 3 % are for immunization, and the rest for other purposes, such as blood transfusions. In some instances the term injection is used synonymously with inoculation even by different workers in the same hospital. This should not cause confusion ; the focus is on what is being injected / inoculated, not the terminology of the procedure. Since the process inherently involves a small puncture wound to the body ( with varying degrees of pain depending on injection type and location, medication type, needle gauge and the skill of the individual administering the injection ), fear of needles is a common phobia. Contents 1 Intravenous injection 2 Intramuscular injection 3 Subcutaneous injection 4 Intradermal injection 5 Depot injection 6 Infiltration 7 Injection pain 8 Injection hygiene 9 Injection safety 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Intravenous injection Main article : Intravenous therapy Intravenous injections involves needle insertion directly into the vein and the substance is directly delivered into the bloodstream. In medicine and drug use, this route of administration is the fastest way to get the desired effects since the medication moves immediately into blood circulation and to the rest of the body. This type of injection is the most common and often associated with drug use. Intramuscular injection Main article : Intramuscular injection Intramuscular injections ( IM injections ) deliver a substance deep into a muscle, where they are quickly absorbed by blood vessels. Common injections sites include the deltoid, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal muscles. Most inactivated vaccines, like influenza, are given by IM injection. Some medications are formulated for IM injection, like Epinephrine autoinjectors. Medical professionals are trained to give IM injections, but patients can also be trained to self - administer medications like epinephrine. Subcutaneous injection Main Article : Subcutaneous injection In a subcutaneous injection, the medication is delivered to the tissues between the skin and the muscle. Absorption of the medicine is slower than that of intramuscular injection. Since the needle does not need to reach the muscles, often a bigger gauge and shorter needle is used. Usual site of administration is fat tissues behind the arm. Certain intramuscular injection medicine such as Epipen can also be used subcutaneously. Insulin injection is a common type of subcutaneous injection medicine Intradermal injection Main Article : Intradermal injection A tuberculin sensitivity test being administered intradermally. In an Intradermal Injection, the medication is delivered directly into the dermis. Compared to subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, absorption takes the longest from this route. Because of this, intradermal injection are often used for sensitivity tests, like tuberculin and allergy tests, and local anesthesia. Depot injection A depot injection is an injection, usually subcutaneous, intradermal, or intramuscular, that deposits a drug in a localized mass, called a depot, from which it is gradually absorbed by surrounding tissue. Such injection allows the active compound to be released in a consistent way over a long period. Depot injections are usually either solid or oil - based. Depot injections may be available as certain forms of a drug, such as decanoate salts or esters. Examples of depot injections include Depo Provera and haloperidol decanoate. Prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy usually get depot injections as a treatment or therapy. Zoladex is an example of a medication delivered by depot for prostate cancer treatment or therapy. Naltrexone may be administered in a monthly depot injection to control opiod abuse ; in this case, the depot injection improves compliance by replacing daily pill administration. The advantages of using a long - acting depot injection include increased medication compliance due to reduction in the frequency of dosing, as well as more consistent serum concentrations. A significant disadvantage is that the drug is not immediately reversible, since it is slowly released. In psychiatric nursing, a short acting depot, zuclopenthixol acetate ( Clopixol Acuphase ), which lasts in the system from 24 -- 72 hours, is now more regularly used for rapid tranquillisation. Infiltration The pharmaceutical injection type of infiltration involves loading a volume of tissue with the drug, filling the interstitial space. Local anesthetics are often infiltrated into the dermis and hypodermis. Injection pain The pain of an injection may be lessened by prior application of ice or topical anesthetic, or simultaneous pinching of the skin. Recent studies suggest that forced coughing during an injection stimulates a transient rise in blood pressure which inhibits the perception of pain. Sometimes, as with an amniocentesis, a local anesthetic is given. The most common technique to reduce the pain of an injection is simply to distract the patient. Babies can be distracted by giving them a small amount of sweet liquid, such as sugar solution, during the injection, which reduces crying. Injection hygiene Proper needle technique and hygiene is important to avoid skin irritation and injection - site infections. A new, sterile needle should be used each time, as needles get duller with each use and reusing needles increases risk of infection. Needles should not be shared between people, as this increases risk of transmitting blood - borne pathogens and disease. Needles should be disposed of in sharps containers. Injection safety 40 % of injections worldwide are administered with unsterilized, reused syringes and needles, and in some countries this proportion is 70 %, exposing millions of people to infections. Another risk is poor collection and disposal of dirty injection equipment, which exposes healthcare workers and the community to the risk of needle stick injuries. In some countries, unsafe disposal can lead to re-sale of used equipment on the black market. Many countries have legislation or policies that mandate that healthcare professionals use a safety syringe ( safety engineered needle ) or alternative methods of administering medicines whenever possible. Open burning of syringes, which is considered unsafe by the World Health Organization, is reported by half of the non-industrialized countries. According to one study, unsafe injections cause an estimated 1.3 million early deaths each year. To improve injection safety, the WHO recommends : Changing the behavior of health care workers and patients Ensuring the availability of equipment and supplies Managing waste safely and appropriately A needle tract infection is an infection that occurs when pathogenic micro-organisms are seeded into the tissues of the body during an injection. Such infections are also referred to as needlestick infections. See also Dart injection Jet injector Injection port Needlestick injury Needle remover Safety syringe References Jump up ^ `` injection ''. Cambridge dictionary. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 30. Jump up ^ St Charles, Meaghan ; Lynch, Peter ; Graham, Claudia ; Minshall, Michael E. ( 2009 ). `` A Cost - Effectiveness Analysis of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Injection versus Multiple Daily Injections in Type 1 Diabetes Patients : A Third - Party US Payer Perspective ''. Value in Health. 12 ( 5 ) : 674 -- 686. ISSN 1098 - 3015. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1524 - 4733.2008. 00478. x. ^ Jump up to : `` Injection safety ''. Health Topics A to Z. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 09. Jump up ^ Mann, E. ( 2016 ). Injection ( Intramuscular ) : Clinician Information. The Johanna Briggs Institute. Jump up ^ `` Pinkbook Vaccine Administration Epidemiology of VPDs CDC ''. www.cdc.gov. 2017 - 10 - 04. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 30. Jump up ^ David Healy. Psychiatric Drugs Explained : Page 19. Jump up ^ Usichenko, TI ; Pavlovic D ; Foellner S ; Wendt M. ( 2004 ). `` Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick : a randomized crossover volunteer study ''. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 ( 2 ) : 343 -- 5. PMID 14742367. doi : 10.1213 / 01.ANE.0000094983.16741.AF. Jump up ^ Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004 ; 98 : 343 - 5 Jump up ^ Harrison, D ; Stevens B ; Bueno M ; Yamada J ; Adams - Webber T ; Beyene J ; Ohlsson A. ( 2010 ). `` Efficacy of sweet solutions for analgesia in infants between 1 and 12 months of age : a systematic review. ''. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 ( 6 ) : 406 -- 13. PMID 20463370. doi : 10.1136 / adc. 2009.174227. Jump up ^ Best practices for injection. World Health Organization. March 2010. Jump up ^ M.A. Miller ; E. Pisani. `` The cost of unsafe injections ''. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 77 ( 10 ) : 1808 -- 811. Jump up ^ `` Injection Safety, First do no harm '' ( PDF ). Advocacy brochure. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 09. Jump up ^ Connor, JP ; Edelson, JG ( April 1988 ). `` Needle tract infection. A case report. ''. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 65 ( 4 ) : 401 -- 3. PMID 3163131. doi : 10.1016 / 0030 - 4220 ( 88 ) 90351 - 9. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Injection ( medicine ). Information about injections from the Merck Manual Information about intradermal injections FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Data Standards Manual : Route of Administration Revolutions Medical Corp Retractable Syringe Revolutions Medical Corp RevVac TM Retracting Safety Syringe Demonstration Routes of administration, dosage forms Oral Digestive tract ( enteral ) Solids Pill Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system ( OROS ) Liquids Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Extended - release syrup Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Syrup Concentrate for dilution and / or addition of carbonated water Tincture Buccal ( sublabial ), sublingual Solids Orally disintegrating tablet ( ODT ) Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent buccal tablet Chewing gum Liquids Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray Respiratory tract Solids Smoking device Dry - powder inhaler ( DPI ) 0 0 Liquids Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer Metered - dose inhaler ( MDI ) Gas Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine Ophthalmic, otologic, nasal Nasal spray Ear drops Eye drops Ointment Hydrogel Nanosphere suspension Insufflation Mucoadhesive microdisc ( microsphere tablet ) Urogenital Ointment Pessary ( vaginal suppository ) Vaginal ring Vaginal douche Intrauterine device ( IUD ) Extra-amniotic infusion Intravesical infusion Rectal ( enteral ) Ointment Suppository Enema Solution Hydrogel Murphy drip Nutrient enema Dermal Ointment Topical cream Topical gel Liniment Paste Film DMSO drug solution Electrophoretic dermal delivery system Hydrogel Liposomes Transfersome vesicles Cream Lotion Lip balm Medicated shampoo Dermal patch Transdermal patch Contact ( rubbed into break in the skin ) Transdermal spray Jet injector Injection, infusion ( into tissue / blood ) Skin Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant Organs Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral Central nervous system Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural Circulatory, musculoskeletal Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient - Controlled Analgesia pump PIC line WikiProject Pharmacy portal GND : 4027017 - 8 NDL : 00573945 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Injection_(medicine)&oldid=808191407 '' Categories : Injection ( medicine ) Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from September 2010 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bân - lâm - gú Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 हिन्दी Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Latina Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk پښتو Polski Română Runa Simi Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska తెలుగు Türkçe Українська اردو 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 November 2017, at 12 : 36. 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Question: which type of medication is injected with a syringe
Answer: curative care