Death notification - wikipedia Death notification A death notification is the delivery of the news of a death to someone. A death notice describes the moment a person receives the news of someone 's death. There are many roles that contribute to the death notification process. The notifier is the person who delivers the death notice. They can be volunteers, medical personnel, or law enforcement. The receiver is the designated person receiving the information about the deceased. Typically, the receiver is a family member or friend of the one who has died. Death education is provided for multiple types of jobs to deliver the news efficiently for each situation. A proper death notification allows the receiver to begin the grieving process. The history of death notification dates back to the existence of humankind but there has always been different means of death notification. Before modern technology death notification would be done through telegram, there were not the same means of transportation today that allow for a more formal notification that is required. During the 1800s and early 1900s death notification was not as complex of a process. There were not the means to deliver a written notification, so notices were left inside funeral homes. Now as the world is constantly advancing, there are more requirements to follow. One of these requirements being that the name of the deceased is not released to any outside sources until after 24 hours of the survivors being notified. One key reason being that the survivors are the first to find out in the formal manner. Contents 1 Death notifiers 2 Death receivers 3 Death education in professions 4 Notifications in various settings 5 Universal tips for death notification 6 See also 7 Bibliography 8 External links Death notifiers World War II poster, `` Next of kin has been notified. '' The protocol for each notifier differs because each situation is unique. Police officers become very involved with most families that deal with death outside of medical facilities. The news should be delivered in person, as soon as possible, with another officer, in clear and plain language, and with compassion. One of the main reasons there should be two people is so that if an individual has a negative reaction there is additional support for them and support for the notifier in case of a person lashing out. The officers should enter the receiver 's residence to make the situation more personal. A chaplain, a clergy member who works in hospitals, nursing homes, prisons, armed forces, police, or emergency medical services may alternatively deliver the news. The main goal is to deliver the news of a death, but also to help mend a broken family emotionally and spirituality. He also must try to explain and make sense of the tragedy. Medics do not have time to establish a bond with the family and should deliver the news in an authoritative manner then try to reassure and relieve them. The Military of the United States withholds the name of a deceased member until 24 hours after the family has been notified. For military notifications, there are usually multiple persons involved : the notifying officer, a chaplain who accompanies the notifying officer throughout the process and who may also assist in delivering the news, a medic ( in case the family member faints ), and an officer that stays in the car in case the family members react violently. The US Army Manual states that `` The Next of Kin will be notified promptly in an appropriate dignified and understanding manner by a uniformed service representative. He / she will wear the Class `` A '' uniform and present a soldierly appearance when making notification. '' It is the Army policy to make personal notification to the primary next of kin and secondary next of kin of the deceased soldier within four hours after learning of the death. Notification should take place from 0600 to 2200. The process for death notification in the military is a three phase process. The people doing the notifying are also in the military, and are usually in a four - member team. Phase 1 - This phase deals with both logistical and personal preparation such as designating who will do the talking. Phase 2 - This phase involves driving to the home, knocking on the door, and stating `` I have been asked to inform you that your son has been reported dead in ( city, state, country ) at 0700 on August 26, 1991. ( Briefly state the circumstances. ) On the behalf of the Secretary of Defense, I extend to you and your family my deepest sympathy in your great loss ''. Phase 3 - This phase is when the team leaves the home. The team leader must feel that the situation is under control before they leave the premises. Denny Hayes, who spent fifteen years as a chaplain for the FBI 's critical response team, says : Always deliver bad news in person. Always bring a partner ( `` 95 percent of them defer to me to do the actual speaking of the words -- nobody wants to experience sad '' ). Skip the euphemisms -- they comfort no one except the person speaking them. Never abandon anyone until they have someone else to hold onto. `` You ca n't make it better, '' said Dr. Nancy Davis, former chief of counseling services for the FBI. `` But you can definitely make it worse. '' Death receivers Death receivers include parents, children, friends, lovers, co-workers, and other incident survivors. Each receiver responds to the news in a different way because each relationship was unique to the deceased. Most parents want to hold their child 's body and collect a physical memento. They often create a memory box filled with the child handprint, lock of hair, and / or clothing. Centers believe that parents should be encouraged to see their dead child multiple times to provide relief. Children have unpredictable reactions to death, and depend on their age, previous experience with death, and the emotional support around them. When telling a child about a death, one should use real words to describe the death and let them know that the death is permanent. Children can understand death at a very young age so they should be told the truth about the situation. The notifier should answer questions the child has and allow the child to express their feelings. When notifying friends, encouragement to seek closure about unresolved issues with the deceased is most efficient. Death education in professions Mothers Against Drunk Driving ( MADD ) received a grant from the Department of Justice in 1988 to train police officers in death notification. If it 's done properly, the receiver will be able to go on through the mourning process. MADD began their death notification education program in order to create comforting and professional death notifications. Police officers have to report the most deaths compared to any other occupation, which is why the education provided by MADD is so crucial. Licensed social workers collaborated with health care professionals to create a protocol for notifying the family of the deceased. This includes having the family view the body and talk with the medical staff in order to answer questions about the situation and discuss the next steps to take. Notifications in various settings Physicians and other health care professionals are faced with losing patients more times than they would want to think about. Due to this, they too are responsible for coming to the family with the distressing news. Along with law enforcement notification, physicians `` do not receive specific instructions on death notification skills '' ( Henderson, 2012 ). Since there is a lack of training, this makes breaking the bad news extremely stressful, which then leaves the physicians more susceptible to burnout and becoming dissatisfied with their job performance and duties ( Henderson, 2012 ). Explaining what happened and being clear with the family is very important when giving a death notification, not using words that are difficult to understand is crucial ( Vandekieft, 2001 ). Death notification can be completed in, are an office ( work ) setting and or a hospital. In both of these settings one delivers the notification in a room that the survivor can have their own privacy in. For example, when giving the death notification in a work setting, ask permission from their supervisor and take them to a private room to deliver the notification. When giving death notification in a hospital setting there are already set protocols since it is a large institution, but it would still be in a private room. When giving death notification in a hospital it is key that this notification is not done in a common area such as a waiting room or hallway. Once the notification is complete there are various forms that survivors must complete and the notifiers help in completing these. Aside from the forms, the notifiers also can take the survivors to the body if the survivors chose to do so. The `` last '' part of the job that the individual notifying survivors completes is to follow up and stay in contact while the family needs support and help in answering any questions about the death. Universal tips for death notification Since death notification is such a difficult job there are universal guidelines, which can be used across professions. Giving unfortunate news in person is extremely important ( Campbell, 1992 ), so making sure the families do not find out through social media, a phone call, or any other types of communication is necessary. A person notifying will ensure the family that someone cares and is supported. Thinking before they speak, ( Moldovan, 2009 ) and not giving the family harmful information that may cause more pain. Making sure the notification happens in a timely manner ( Flaherty, 2005 ) although this may focus more on military and law enforcement, it is important for the families. Finally, for the person doing the notification ( Vandekieft, 2001 ) they should allow themselves to be sympathetic of the family 's loss, without being overly emotional or coming off as uncaring. It is clear that no matter the profession, a death notification needs to be done sensitively, clearly, and efficiently. See also Casualty notification Bibliography Jump up ^ Byers, Brian ( 2002 ). Death Notification : The Theory and Practice of Delivering Bad News. Springfield, IL : Charles C Thomas. Jump up ^ Iserson, Kenneth ( 1999 ). Grave Words : Notifying survivors about sudden, unexpected deaths. Tucson, AZ : Galen Press, Ltd. ^ Jump up to : Buenteo, Russell J. ; Haney, C. Allen ( 1993 ). `` Dramaturgical Analysis of Military Death Notification ''. Clinical Sociology Review. 11 : Iss. 1, Article 9. ^ Jump up to : Seim, Carrie ( 2014 - 06 - 04 ). `` What It 's Like to Deliver Bad News for a Living ''. The Atlantic. Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 05. Jump up ^ Iserson, Kenneth ( 1999 ). Grave Words : Notifying survivors about sudden, unexpected death. Tucson, AZ : Galen Press, Ltd. Jump up ^ Copeland, Larry ( 2011 ). `` Police Train to Deliver Tragic News ''. USA Today. Jump up ^ Leash, R.M. `` Death notification : Practical guidelines for health care professionals ''. Critical Care Quarterly. 19 ( 1 ) : 21 -- 34. Leash, R. Moroni ( 1994 ). Death notification : a practical guide to the process. Hinesburg, Vt : Upper Access. ISBN 0942679083. Lord, Janice Harris ( 2008 ). I 'll never forget those words : a practical guide for death notification. Burnsville, NC : Compassion Books. ISBN 9781878321336. Sheeler, Jim ( 2008 ). Final salute : a story of unfinished lives. New York : Penguin Press. ISBN 9781594201653. Bennett, D., & Campbell, B. ( 1992, September 1 ). In person in time ( PDF ) External links Arlington Cemetery, Death notification by letter and telegram, WWII Article on notifying deceased firefighters ' families Overview of US Army death notifications. Shoenberger, M.J., Yeghiazarian, S., Rios, C., & Henderson, O.S., ( 2013, March ) Death notification in the emergency department : survivors and physicians. From Review volume XIV, No. 2. ( PDF ) Vandekieft K.G., ( 2001, Dec 15 ) Breaking Bad News. American Family Physician Moldovan, E. ( 2009, May ). The bad news Bearers : the most difficult assignment in law enforcement from Proquest ( PDF ) Vandekieft K.G., ( 2001, Dec 15 ) Breaking Bad News. American Family Physician Page, D. ( 2008, March 1 ). Death Notification : Breaking the Bad News Death Notification with Compassion - FBI Teams Up with Penn State to Offer Online Training ( FBI ) Death Outline In medicine Cell death Necrosis Avascular necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Caseous necrosis Fat necrosis Fibrinoid necrosis Temporal lobe necrosis Programmed cell death AICD Anoikis Apoptosis Autophagy Intrinsic apoptosis Necroptosis Paraptosis Parthanatos Phenoptosis Pseudoapoptosis Pyroptosis Autolysis Autoschizis Eschar Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Abortion Autopsy Brain death Brainstem death Clinical death DOA Death by natural causes Death rattle Dysthanasia End - of - life care Euthanasia Lazarus sign Lazarus syndrome Medical definition of death Organ donation Terminal illness Unnatural death Lists Causes of death by rate Expressions related to death Natural disasters People by cause of death Premature obituaries Preventable causes of death Notable deaths by year Unusual deaths TV actors who died during production Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Gompertz -- Makeham law of mortality Immortality Biological Digital Infant mortality Karōshi Maternal death Maternal mortality in fiction Memento mori Micromort Mortality displacement Mortality rate RAMR Mortality salience Perinatal mortality After death Body Stages Pallor mortis Algor mortis Rigor mortis Livor mortis Putrefaction Decomposition Skeletonization Fossilization Preservation Cryopreservation Cryonics Neuropreservation Embalming Maceration Mummification Plastination Prosection Taxidermy Disposal Burial Bed burial Burial at sea Chariot burial Jar burial Natural burial Premature burial Secondary burial Ship burial Sky burial Space burial Cannibalism Cremation Dismemberment Excarnation Promession Resomation Beating heart cadaver Body donation Cadaveric spasm Coffin birth Death erection Dissection Gibbeting Postmortem Caloricity Post-mortem interval Other aspects Afterlife Cemetery Consciousness Customs Death mask Eternal oblivion Examination Funeral Grief Intermediate state Internet Mourning Obituary Resurrection Taboo on the dead Vigil Paranormal Ghosts Near - death experience Near - death studies Necromancy Out - of - body experience Reincarnation research Séance Legal Abortion law Administration Capital punishment Cause of death Civil death Coroner Death - qualified jury Death certificate Declared death in absentia Death row Dying declaration Faked death Inquest Legal death Murder Prohibition of death Right to die Suspicious death Trust law Will Fields Forensic pathology Funeral director Mortuary science Necrobiology Post-mortem chemistry Post-mortem photography Taphonomy Biostratinomy Thanatology Other Apparent death Dark tourism Darwin Awards Dead pool Death and culture Death anniversary Death anxiety Death deity Personification of death Dying - and - rising god Psychopomp Death camp Death drive Death education Death from laughter Death hoax Death knell Death march Death messenger Death notification Death panel Death poem Death pose Death squad Death threat Death trajectory Dignified death Extinction Fan death Festival of the Dead Fascination with death Homicide Information - theoretic death Last rites Martyr Megadeath Museum of Death Necronym Necrophilia Necrophobia The Order of the Good Death Predation Sacrifice human animal Spiritual death Suicide Assisted suicide Thanatosensitivity Undead Voodoo death Portal WikiProject Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_notification&oldid=808463451 '' Categories : Acknowledgements of death Talk Contents About Wikipedia עברית Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 3 November 2017, at 00 : 46. 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Question: who informs family of killed in action soldiers
Answer: the notifying officer