Trump tariffs - Wikipedia Trump tariffs This article is part of a series about Donald Trump President of the United States Incumbent Presidency Transition Inauguration First 100 days Timeline Executive actions proclamations pardons Polls Protests Trips 2017 2018 international Riyadh summit Singapore summit Helsinki summit Appointments Cabinet formation Ambassadors Federal judges Gorsuch Kavanaugh Supreme Court candidates U.S. Attorneys Dismissals Yates Flynn Comey Tillerson McMaster Pruitt Policies Economy tax cuts tariffs China trade war Environment Paris withdrawal Foreign policy Immigration Social issues cannabis Presidential election 2016 campaign 2000 2020 Rallies Primaries Convention Endorsements Debates Never Trump list Sexual misconduct allegations Access Hollywood tape Controversies involving Russia Business projects in Russia Election interference timeline Links of associates with Russian officials Meetings with Russians Steele dossier Classified information disclosure Special Counsel investigation 2017 2018 Business and personal Business career The Trump Organization The Apprentice Books Eponyms Family Foundation Golf Health Honors Legal affairs Stormy Daniels scandal Racial views Residences Social media Main article : Economic policy of Donald Trump The Trump tariffs are a series of tariffs imposed during the presidency of Donald Trump. In January 2018, Trump imposed tariffs on solar panels and washing machines, and later the same year, he imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum. On June 1, 2018, the United States imposed a 25 % tariff on imports of steel, and a 10 % tariff on aluminum, on the European Union, Canada, and Mexico. The tariffs angered trading partners, who implemented retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods. Canada imposed matching retaliatory tariffs on July 1, 2018. China accused the U.S. of starting a trade war and on July 6 implemented tariffs equivalent to the $34 billion tariff imposed on it by the U.S. India plans to recoup trade penalties of $241 million on $1.2 billion worth of Indian steel and aluminium. Other countries, such as Australia, are concerned of the consequences of a trade war. Morgan Stanley estimated that Trump 's tariffs on steel, aluminum, washing machines, and solar panels, as of March 2018, covered 4.1 % of U.S. imports. The tariffs measures were poorly received by the vast majority of economists ; almost 80 % of 60 economists surveyed by Reuters believed that tariffs on steel and aluminum imports would be a net harm to the U.S. economy, with the rest believing that the tariffs would have little or no effect ; none of the economists surveyed believed that the tariffs would benefit the U.S. economy. In July 2018 the Trump administration announced it would use a Great Depression - era program, the Commodity Credit Corporation, to pay farmers up to $12 billion. This government assistance program aims to make up a shortfall as farmers lose sales abroad due to the trade war with China, the European Union and other states. Contents 1 Background 2 Steel and aluminum 2.1 Permanent exemption from the steel tariff 2.2 Legal basis and challenges 2.3 Economic and trade analysis 2.4 Domestic political response 3 Response from trade partners 3.1 Canadian retaliatory tariffs 3.2 European Union retaliatory tariffs 3.3 Chinese retaliatory tariffs 3.4 Mexican retaliatory tariffs 4 Solar panels 5 Washing machines 6 Chinese products 7 KORUS 8 Proposed tariffs 8.1 Automobiles 9 See also 10 References Background See also : Tariffs in United States history and Protectionism in the United States Average tariff rates ( France, UK, US ) Average Tariff Rates in US ( 1821 -- 2016 ) U.S. Trade Balance and Trade Policy ( 1895 -- 2015 ) Real GDP, Real Wages and Trade Policy in the US ( 1947 -- 2014 ) U.S. Balance of Trade Deficit by Country ( 2014 ) Average Tariff Rates on manufactured products During the 2016 presidential campaign, Trump repeatedly favored policy proposals that renegotiate trade agreements for the United States. During a meeting with the New York Times Editorial Board in January 2016, Trump said that he would tax Chinese imports into the United States by 45 %. Trump frequently criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement calling it `` the worst trade deal the U.S. has ever signed. '' He also called Trans - Pacific Partnership `` the death blow for American manufacturing '' and that it would `` put the interests of foreign countries above our own. '' On November 21, 2016, in a video message, Trump introduced an economic strategy of `` putting America first '', stating that he would negotiate `` fair, bilateral trade deals that bring jobs and industry back onto American shores. '' On January 23, 2017, three days after becoming president, Trump withdrew the United States from the politically divisive Trans - Pacific Partnership believing that the agreement would `` undermine '' the U.S. economy and sovereignty. Trump has also indicated a desire to end the North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. His administration has been in the process of renegotiating the terms of the agreement. Although vague on the exact terms he seeks in a renegotiated NAFTA, Trump threatened to withdraw from it if negotiations fail. He has specifically criticized the Ford Motor Co., Carrier Corporation, and Mondelez International for having operations based in Mexico. In August 2015, in response to Oreo maker Mondelez International 's announcement that it would move manufacturing to Mexico, Trump said that he would boycott Oreos. Similar to his approach to trade deals, Trump also pledged, as part of the Contract with the American Voter, to impose tariffs to discourage companies from laying off workers or relocating to other countries, through an `` End the Offshoring Act ''. No such act has been introduced in Congress, but Trump has moved to impose tariffs on solar panels, washing machines, steel, and aluminum. The enforcement of the tariffs falls primarily within the purview of the Department of Commerce and Office of the United States Trade Representative. Steel and aluminum On March 1, 2018 Trump announced his intention to impose a 25 % tariff on steel and a 10 % tariff on aluminum imports. In a tweet the next day, Trump asserted, `` Trade wars are good, and easy to win. '' On March 8, he signed an order to impose the tariffs effective after 15 days. The EU, Canada, Mexico, Australia, Argentina, Brazil and South Korea were temporarily exempted from the order under a carve - out provision. But Canada, Mexico and the EU became subject to the steel and aluminium tariffs later in an announcement on May 31, 2018. Permanent exemption from the steel tariff While the steel tariff as a rule applies to all countries worldwide, there are nevertheless four countries that have successfully negotiated a permanent exemption from the steel tariff with the Trump administration. Country Date granted South Korea March 28, 2018 Argentina May 2, 2018 Australia May 2, 2018 Brazil May 2, 2018 Legal basis and challenges The legal basis cited in Trump 's tariff order is Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 which under certain circumstances allows the president to impose tariffs based on the recommendation from the U.S. Secretary of Commerce if `` an article is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten or impair the national security. '' This section is rarely used, and has never been invoked since the World Trade Organization was established in 1995. China initiated a WTO complaint against the U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs on April 9, 2018. The EU opened a similar WTO case on June 1, 2018. On June 9, 2018, Trump tweeted a statement addressing Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau in which he said that American tariffs targeting Canada `` are in response to his ( tariffs ) of 270 % on dairy ! '' In the tweet, Trump did not cite national security, the legal basis for implementing the tariff. Economic and trade analysis A survey of leading economists by the Initiative on Global Markets at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business showed a consensus that imposing new US tariffs on steel and aluminum will not improve Americans ' welfare. Economists say that the tariffs will lead to more harm than gains, as the price for steel increases, which will harm consumers and Americans working in manufacturing industries that use steel ( these jobs outnumber those who work in steel - producing sectors by 80 to 1 ). The big winners of the tariffs are some American steel - and aluminum - producing industries ; some of the producers ( especially small - and middle - sized ones ) who are reliant on foreign inputs may struggle as a result of the tariffs. A study of the proposal indicated that it would lead to an estimated loss of 146,000 jobs. Studies of the 2002 steel tariffs enacted by the Bush administration show that they caused more job losses than job gains. Jobs losses could be even greater if other countries retaliate against the United States with their own tariffs on various American products. Scholars warned that the Trump administration 's use of `` national security '' rationales ( these have not been commonly used by past administrations ) for the tariffs could undermine the international trading order, as other states could use the same rationales for their own tariffs. The WTO allows states to take actions necessary to ensure their national security, but this provision has been sparsely used, given that it could be abused. Whereas national security reasons were cited for the tariffs, it has been noted that tariffs primarily harm American allies, not enemies ; the United States imports very little steel and aluminum from China directly. Trade experts furthermore noted that the United States already produces more than two - thirds of its own steel. Forty - five U.S. trade associations are urging Trump not to impose tariffs on China, warning it would be `` particularly harmful '' to the U.S. economy and consumers. Domestic political response Domestically, reactions from elected officials often varied among regional lines rather than ideological lines. The tariffs have seen widespread criticism from conservatives and Republicans. However, the Republican - controlled Congress has thus far declined to take any action to counter Trump 's imposition of tariffs. Speaker Paul Ryan said that Congress would not pass any tariff legislation that Trump would veto. Reception was mixed among Democratic officials, with Democrats from Rust Belt states voicing support for tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The AFL - CIO, the largest labor union in the U.S., praised Trump for the tariffs, as did Democratic Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown, who said that the action would be a boon for `` steel plants across Ohio. '' Many congressional Republicans expressed fear that the tariffs might damage the economy or lead to retaliatory tariffs from other countries. Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell urged Trump to rethink his proposal or to target the tariffs more narrowly so as to avoid `` unintended consequences and collateral damage. '' House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, while calling for strategic and targeted actions against `` trade cheaters, '' criticized Trump 's rollout of the tariffs, calling it `` chaotic '' and that it was `` maximizing the collateral damage to American workers, consumers and our international alliances. '' The proposal drew comparisons to a tariff imposed by his Republican presidential predecessor, George W. Bush ; in 2002 the U.S. imposed heavy steel tariffs that were largely seen as ineffectual or even harmful to the U.S., and were withdrawn after 18 months. On March 6, 2018, Gary Cohn, chair of the National Economic Council, announced his intention to resign ; the announcement followed Trump 's cancellation of a meeting with end - users of steel and aluminum that Cohn had arranged in an attempt to dissuade the president from the planned tariffs. A March 2018 Quinnipiac University poll showed widespread disapproval of the tariffs, with only 29 % of Americans agreeing with a `` 25 % tariff on steel imports and a 10 % tariff on aluminum imports '' if it raised their cost of living. Response from trade partners China, Canada, and the European Union responded negatively to the initial announcement ( which did not mention any temporary exemptions ). Canada supplies 16 % of U.S. demand for steel, followed by Brazil at 13 %, South Korea at 10 %, Mexico at 9 %, and China at 2 %. Canadian retaliatory tariffs From 2013 to 2016, Canada was the largest source of aluminum imports to the U.S. Trump invoked national security grounds as justification for imposing tariffs on Canada. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that this was `` absurd '' and stated : `` That Canada could be considered a national security risk to the United States is inconceivable... Let me be clear, these tariffs are totally unacceptable. '' He announced $16.6 billion in retaliatory tariffs, stating that `` American people are not the target... We hope eventually that common sense will triumph. Unfortunately the actions taken today by the United States government do not appear headed in that direction. '' From July 1, 2018, Canada implemented retaliatory tariffs on U.S. imports. The value of the Canadian tariffs will match the value of the U.S. tariffs dollar - for - dollar and cover 299 U.S. goods, including steel, aluminum, and a variety of other products, including inflatable boats, yogurt, whiskies, candles, and sleeping bags. European Union retaliatory tariffs Jean - Claude Juncker, the president of the European Commission, condemned U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs and announced that a legal challenge at the World Trade Organization would follow. The EU filed the WTO challenge against the United States on June 1, once the tariffs took effect. European Union retaliatory tariffs took effect on June 22, 2018, imposing tariffs on 180 types of products, over $3 billion of U.S. goods. Affected products include steel and aluminum, agricultural goods ( including orange juice and cranberry juice ), clothing, washing machines, cosmetics, and boats. European Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmström stated : `` The rules of international trade, which we have developed... with our American partners, can not be violated without a reaction from our side. Our response is measured, proportionate and fully in line with WTO rules. '' Among the U.S. manufacturers affected by the EU 's responsive tariffs is Harley - Davidson, which announced that it would move some of their manufacturing out of the United States. Chinese retaliatory tariffs Main article : 2018 China -- United States trade war China said that it will retaliate for the tariffs imposed on $50 billion of Chinese goods that came into effect on July 6. China threatened to curb imports of U.S. soybeans. Mexican retaliatory tariffs In response to the imposition of U.S. tariffs, Mexico implemented retaliatory tariffs on around $3 billion worth of U.S. goods. These Mexican tariffs, which went into effect on June 5, are imposed on U.S. steel, pork, cheese, whiskey, and apples, among other goods. Solar panels On January 23, 2018, news outlets announced that Trump had imposed tariffs on solar panels produced outside the United States. The tariffs initially start at 30 % and will gradually fall to 15 % in four years. The first 2.5 gigawatts of solar cells imported each year will be exempted from the tariff. Tariffs on Solar Panels Components Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Safeguard Tariff on Modules and Cells 30 % 25 % 20 % 15 % Cells Exempted from Tariff 2.5 gigawatts 2.5 gigawatts 2.5 gigawatts 2.5 gigawatts China is currently the world leader in solar panel manufacture, and has decried the tariffs. Zhong Shan, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said in a statement, `` With regard to the wrong measures taken by the United States, China will work with other W.T.O. members to resolutely defend our legitimate interests. '' Environmentalists and animal rights advocates have expressed concern that the new tariffs will hurt the growth of sustainable energy and the species which are on the endangered list due to climate change. Washing machines On January 23, 2018, in conjunction with the tariffs placed on solar panels, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative announced tariffs on washing machines. According to the U.S. International Trade Commission ( ITC ), imports of large residential washers increased `` steadily '' from 2012 to 2016, and that domestic producers ' financial performance `` declined precipitously ''. In the first year, the tariffs start at 20 % for the first 1.2 million units of imported finished washers, and all subsequent washers within that year will have a 50 % tariff. By the third year initial tariff will go down to 16 - 40 %, following the same pattern. The tariffs came after a petition was filed by Whirlpool, a U.S. - based washing machine manufacturer facing tough competition from LG Electronics and Samsung both based in South Korea. Tariffs on washing machines Components Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 First 1.2 million units of imported finished washers 20 % 18 % 16 % All subsequent imports of finished washers 50 % 45 % 40 % Tariff on covered parts 50 % 45 % 40 % Covered parts excluded from tariff 50,000 units 70,000 units 90,000 units In 2016, China exported $425 million worth of washers to the United States, followed by Mexico with $240 million, and South Korean companies $130 million. Samsung and LG are among the top exporters of washers to the United States. Two weeks before the tariff announcement, Samsung had moved its production of washing machines to a new plant in South Carolina. In response Samsung said U.S. consumers will `` pay more, with fewer choices. '' Mexican officials said they would respond to the tariffs during the ongoing NAFTA renegotiations. Chinese products Main article : 2018 China -- United States trade war On March 22, 2018, Trump signed a memorandum under the Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, instructing the United States Trade Representative ( USTR ) to apply tariffs of $50 billion on Chinese goods. Trump stated that the tariffs would be imposed due to Chinese theft of U.S intellectual property. Trump said that his planned tariffs on Chinese imports would make the United States `` a much stronger, much richer nation. '' However, the steps toward imposing the tariffs led to increased concerns of a global trade war. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 724 points, or 2.9 %, after the tariffs were announced due to concerns over a trade war. Corporations that traded with China, such as Caterpillar Inc. and Boeing suffered large losses in their stock price. In response, the Ministry of Commerce of the People 's Republic of China announced plans to implement its own tariffs on 128 U.S. products. 120 of those products, such as fruit and wine, will be taxed at a 15 % duty while the remaining 8 products, including pork, will receive a 25 % tariff. China implemented their tariffs on April 2, 2018. On April 3, 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative 's office published an initial list of 1,300 + Chinese goods to impose levies upon, including products like flat - screen televisions, weapons, satellites, medical devices, aircraft parts and batteries. Chinese Ambassador Cui Tiankai responded by warning the US that they may fight back, saying `` We have done the utmost to avoid this kind of situation, but if the other side makes the wrong choice, then we have no alternative but to fight back. '' On April 4, 2018, China 's Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council decided to announce a plan of additional tariffs of 25 % on 106 items of products including automobiles, airplanes, and soybeans. Soybeans are the top U.S. agricultural export to China. The increased tit - for - tat tariff announcements stoked fears that the two countries are inching closer to a trade war. On April 4, 2018, President Trump responded to speculation tweeting : `` We are not in a trade war with China, that war was lost many years ago by the foolish, or incompetent, people who represented the U.S. Now we have a Trade Deficit of $500 Billion a year, with Intellectual Property Theft of another $300 Billion. We can not let this continue ! '' The next day Trump directed the USTR to consider $100 billion in additional tariffs. On May 9, 2018, China cancelled soybean orders exported from United States to China. Zhang Xiaoping, Chinese director for the U.S. Soybean Export Council, said that Chinese buyers simply stopped buying from the U.S. On June 15, Donald Trump released a list of $34 billion of Chinese goods to face a 25 % tariff, starting on July 6. Another list with $16 billion of Chinese goods was released, with an implementation date of August 23. On July 10, the United States Trade Representative, in reaction to China 's retaliatory tariffs that took effect July 6, requested comments, gave notice of public hearings and issued a proposed list of Chinese products amounting to an annual trade value of about $200 billion dollars that would be subjected to an additional 10 % in duties on top of what those imported articles would normally pay. KORUS See also : South Korea -- United States relations § Economic relations On March 28, 2018 the United States and South Korea announced major changes to the bilateral United States -- Korea Free Trade Agreement ( KORUS FTA ) in response to the numerous tariffs and the proposed North Korean - United States diplomatic meeting. The 25 percent tariff on South Korean trucks will be extend until 2041, adding twenty years to the current 2021 target phase out date. No South Korean auto manufacturer exports trucks to the United States. The United States exempted South Korea from its steel and aluminum tariffs, but imposed an import quota of about 2.68 million tonnes. Proposed tariffs Automobiles During the campaign, Trump said he would impose tariffs -- in the range of 15 to 35 % -- on companies that move their operations to Mexico. Trump proposed a 35 % tariff on `` every car, every truck and every part manufactured in Ford 's Mexico plant that comes across the border. '' Tariffs at that level would be far higher than the international norms ( which are around 2.67 % for the U.S. and most other advanced economies and under 10 % for most developing countries ). After the European Union threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs should a tariff on steel and aluminum be imposed, on March 3, 2018 Trump countered with a threat to impose tariffs on European car manufacturers. See also List of tariffs in the United States Mercantilism Tariffs in United States history Protectionism in the United States References Jump up ^ Richard Gonzales ( January 22, 2018 ). `` Trump Slaps Tariffs On Imported Solar Panels and Washing Machines ''. NPR. ^ Jump up to : Horsley, Scott ( March 8, 2018 ). `` Trump Formally Orders Tariffs on Steel, Aluminum Imports ''. NPR. ^ Jump up to : Long, Heather ( May 31, 2018 ). `` Trump has officially put more tariffs on U.S. allies than on China ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ `` US tariffs a dangerous game, says EU ''. BBC News. 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( @ realDonaldTrump ) ( June 9, 2018 ). `` PM Justin Trudeau of Canada acted so meek and mild during our @ G7 meetings only to give a news conference after I left saying that, `` US Tariffs were kind of insulting '' and he `` will not be pushed around. '' Very dishonest & weak. Our Tariffs are in response to his of 270 % on dairy ! '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter. Jump up ^ Sanchez, Luis. `` Trump rips ' meek and mild ' Trudeau for criticizing US tariffs ''. The Hill. Retrieved June 10, 2018. Jump up ^ Chait, Jonathan. `` Trump Confesses Illegal Motive, Blows Up Legal Basis for His Trade War ''. New York. Retrieved June 11, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Steel and Aluminum Tariffs ''. www.igmchicago.org. Retrieved March 12, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` President Donald Trump wants tariffs on steel and aluminium ''. The Economist. Retrieved March 9, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Will Steel Tariffs Put U.S. Jobs at Risk ? Econofact ''. Econofact. February 26, 2018. 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Jump up ^ Emre Peker, European Union Launches WTO Challenge to U.S. Tariffs, Wall Street Journal ( June 1, 2018 ). ^ Jump up to : Shannon Van Sant & Bill Chappell, EU Tariffs Take Effect, Retaliating For Trump 's Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum, NPR ( June 22, 2018 ). Jump up ^ `` Harley - Davidson, Blaming E.U. Tariffs, Will Move Some Production Out of U.S. '' New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Trump to impose steep tariffs on steel, aluminum ; stokes trade war... '' Reuters. March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ Ana Swanson & Jim Tankersley, Mexico, Hitting Back, Imposes Tariffs on $3 Billion Worth of U.S. Goods, New York Times ( June 5, 2018 ). Jump up ^ `` President Trump Slaps Tariffs on Solar Panels in Major Blow to Renewable Energy ''. Time Magazine. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Trump 's solar tariffs could put the brakes on rapid job growth in renewable energy ''. CNBC. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` President Trump Approves Relief for U.S. Washing Machine and Solar Cell Manufacturers '' ( Press release ). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 2018. Jump up ^ `` China blasts Trump 's new trade tariffs ''. CNNMoney. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018. Jump up ^ Swanson, Ana ; Plumer, Brad ( 2018 ). `` Trump Slaps Steep Tariffs on Foreign Washing Machines and Solar Products ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ `` TRUMP TARIFFS WILL FURTHER ENDANGER SPECIES ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE HIT LIST ''. AnimalRightsChannel.com. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` Large Residential Washers : Investigation No. TA - 201 - 076 '' ( PDF ). usitc.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ Kline, Daniel B. `` Trump Tariffs : Is Now the Time to Buy a Washing Machine ? ''. The Motley Fool. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ Gillespie, Patrick. `` Washing machines are going to get more expensive ''. CNNMoney. Retrieved March 2, 2018. ^ Jump up to : Jeremy Diamond. `` Trump hits China with tariffs, heightening concerns of global trade war ''. CNN. Retrieved March 22, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Trump takes 1st step on tariffs on Chinese imports, says penalties will make US ' a much stronger, much richer nation ' ''. CNBC. March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2018. Jump up ^ Egan, Matt ( March 22, 2018 ). `` Dow plunges 724 points as trade war fears rock Wall Street ''. CNN Money. Retrieved March 23, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Stocks dive as sanctions on China fuel trade - war fears ; Dow drops 700 - plus points ''. Los Angeles Times. March 22, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2018. Jump up ^ `` All 128 U.S. Products China Is Enacting Tariffs On ''. Fortune. April 2, 2018. Jump up ^ `` China Slaps Tariffs on 128 U.S. Products, Including Wine, Pork and Pipes ''. New York Times. April 1, 2018. Jump up ^ Merelli, Annalisa. `` China tariffs : The complete list of 128 affected good class of goods -- Quartz ''. qz.com. Retrieved April 3, 2018. Jump up ^ Kuo, Lily ( April 2, 2018 ). `` China retaliates against Trump tariffs with levy on US food imports ''. the Guardian. Retrieved April 3, 2018. Jump up ^ hermesauto ( April 4, 2018 ). `` US publishes list of 1,300 Chinese goods worth US $50 b set to be targeted by tariffs ''. The Straits Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Swanson, Ana ( April 3, 2018 ). `` White House Unveils Tariffs on 1,300 Chinese Products ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Notice of Determination and Request for Public Comment Concerning Proposed Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301 : China 's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation '' ( PDF ). ustr.gov. April 3, 2018. first1 = missing last1 = in Authors list ( help ) Jump up ^ Mody, Huileng Tan, Seema ( April 4, 2018 ). `` China 's ambassador to the US explains why the country is striking back ''. Retrieved April 7, 2018. Jump up ^ `` China imposes additional tariffs on U.S. products worth 50 bln USD ''. www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ `` As China Fires Back in Trade War, Here Are the Winners And Losers ''. Bloomberg.com. April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Rauhala, Emily ( April 4, 2018 ). `` China fires back at Trump with the threat of tariffs on 106 U.S. products, including soybeans ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ CNN, Maegan Vazquez and Abby Phillip,. `` Trump pushes back against market fears of trade war ''. CNN. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Tobey, John S. `` The Trade War Is Here - Prepare For A Bear Market ''. Forbes. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Noack, Rick ( April 4, 2018 ). `` Analysis How trade wars end and why Trump 's will be different ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Donald J. Trump on Twitter ''. Twitter. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Aiello, Chloe ( April 5, 2018 ). `` Trump proposes $100 billion in additional tariffs on Chinese products ''. CNBC. Retrieved April 6, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Trump Escalates Trade Tensions With Call for New China Tariffs ''. Bloomberg.com. April 5, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Facing threat of tariffs, China buyers cancel orders for U.S. soybeans ''. PBS NewsHour. Retrieved May 31, 2018. Jump up ^ http://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/trumps-tariffs-what-they-are-and-how-china-is-responding Jump up ^ `` Statement By U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer on Section 301 Action United States Trade Representative ''. ustr.gov. Retrieved 2018 - 07 - 12. Jump up ^ `` President Donald J. Trump is Fulfilling His Promise on The U.S. - Korea Free Trade Agreement and on National Security ''. The White House. Retrieved March 28, 2018. Jump up ^ CNBC ( March 25, 2018 ). `` US exempts South Korea from steel tariffs, but imposes import quota ''. CNBC. Retrieved March 28, 2018. Jump up ^ Shear, Michael D. ; Rappeport, Alan ( March 27, 2018 ). `` Trump Secures Trade Deal With South Korea Ahead of Nuclear Talks ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved March 28, 2018. Jump up ^ Lane, Charles ( October 21, 2015 ). `` Donald Trump 's contempt for the free market ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ Rosenfeld, Everett ( March 10, 2016 ). `` Trump trade plan is dangerous : Economists ''. CNBC. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Jump up ^ Trump, Donald J. ( March 3, 2018 ). `` If the E.U. wants to further increase their already massive tariffs and barriers on U.S. companies doing business there, we will simply apply a Tax on their Cars which freely pour into the U.S. They make it impossible for our cars ( and more ) to sell there. Big trade imbalance ! ''. @ realDonaldTrump. Retrieved March 3, 2018. 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Question: when did the steel and aluminum tariffs start
Answer: June 1, 2018