RSA SecurID - wikipedia RSA SecurID RSA SecurID Website https://www.rsa.com/en-us/products-services/identity-access-management/securid RSA SecurID, formerly referred to as SecurID, is a mechanism developed by Security Dynamics ( later RSA Security and now RSA, The Security Division of EMC ) for performing two - factor authentication for a user to a network resource. Contents 1 Description 2 Theoretical vulnerabilities 3 Reception and competing products 4 March 2011 system compromise 4.1 Resulting attacks 5 References 6 External links Description RSA SecurID token ( older style, model SD600 ) RSA SecurID token ( model SID700 ) RSA SecurID ( new style, SID800 model with smartcard functionality ) The RSA SecurID authentication mechanism consists of a `` token '' -- either hardware ( e.g. a key fob ) or software ( a soft token ) -- which is assigned to a computer user and which creates an authentication code at fixed intervals ( usually 60 seconds ) using a built - in clock and the card 's factory - encoded almost random key ( known as the `` seed '' ). The seed is different for each token, and is loaded into the corresponding RSA SecurID server ( RSA Authentication Manager, formerly ACE / Server ) as the tokens are purchased. On - demand tokens are also available, which provide a tokencode via email or SMS delivery, eliminating the need to provision a token to the user. The token hardware is designed to be tamper - resistant to deter reverse engineering. When software implementations of the same algorithm ( `` software tokens '' ) appeared on the market, public code had been developed by the security community allowing a user to emulate RSA SecurID in software, but only if they have access to a current RSA SecurID code, and the original 64 - bit RSA SecurID seed file introduced to the server. Later, the 128 - bit RSA SecurID algorithm was published as part of an open source library. In the RSA SecurID authentication scheme, the seed record is the secret key used to generate one - time passwords. Newer versions also feature a USB connector, which allows the token to be used as a smart card - like device for securely storing certificates. A user authenticating to a network resource -- say, a dial - in server or a firewall -- needs to enter both a personal identification number and the number being displayed at that moment on their RSA SecurID token. Though increasingly rare, some systems using RSA SecurID disregard PIN implementation altogether, and rely on password / RSA SecurID code combinations. The server, which also has a real - time clock and a database of valid cards with the associated seed records, authenticates a user by computing what number the token is supposed to be showing at that moment in time and checking this against what the user entered. On older versions of SecurID, a `` duress PIN '' may be used -- an alternate code which creates a security event log showing that a user was forced to enter their PIN, while still providing transparent authentication. Using the duress PIN would allow one successful authentication, after which the token will automatically be disabled. The `` duress PIN '' feature has been deprecated and is not available on currently supported versions. While the RSA SecurID system adds a layer of security to a network, difficulty can occur if the authentication server 's clock becomes out of sync with the clock built into the authentication tokens. Normal token clock drift is accounted for automatically by the server by adjusting a stored `` drift '' value over time. If the out of sync condition is not a result of normal hardware token clock drift, correcting the synchronization of the Authentication Manager server clock with the out of sync token ( or tokens ) can be accomplished in several different ways. If the server clock had drifted and the administrator made a change to the system clock, the tokens can either be resynchronized one - by - one, or the stored drift values adjusted manually. The drift can be done on individual tokens or in bulk using a command line utility. RSA Security has pushed forth an initiative called `` Ubiquitous Authentication '', partnering with device manufacturers such as IronKey, SanDisk, Motorola, Freescale Semiconductor, Redcannon, Broadcom, and BlackBerry to embed the SecurID software into everyday devices such as USB flash drives and cell phones, to reduce cost and the number of objects that the user must carry. Theoretical vulnerabilities Token codes are easily stolen, because no mutual - authentication exists ( anything that can steal a password can also steal a token code ). This is significant, since it is the principal threat most users believe they are solving with this technology. The simplest practical vulnerability with any password container is losing the special key device or the activated smart phone with the integrated key function. Such vulnerability can not be healed with any single token container device within the preset time span of activation. All further consideration presumes loss prevention, e.g. by additional electronic leash or body sensor and alarm. While RSA SecurID tokens offer a level of protection against password replay attacks, they are not designed to offer protection against man in the middle type attacks when used alone. If the attacker manages to block the authorized user from authenticating to the server until the next token code will be valid, he will be able to log into the server. Risk - based analytics ( RBA ), a new feature in the latest version ( 8.0 ) provides significant protection against this type of attack if the user is enabled and authenticating on an agent enabled for RBA. RSA SecurID does not prevent man in the browser ( MitB ) based attacks. SecurID authentication server tries to prevent password sniffing and simultaneous login by declining both authentication requests, if two valid credentials are presented within a given time frame. This has been documented in an unverified post by John G. Brainard. If the attacker removes from the user the ability to authenticate however, the SecurID server will assume that it is the user who is actually authenticating and hence will allow the attacker 's authentication through. Under this attack model, the system security can be improved using encryption / authentication mechanisms such as SSL. Although soft tokens may be more convenient, critics indicate that the tamper - resistant property of hard tokens is unmatched in soft token implementations, which could allow seed record secret keys to be duplicated and user impersonation to occur. Hard tokens, on the other hand, can be physically stolen ( or acquired via social engineering ) from end users. The small form factor makes hard token theft much more viable than laptop / desktop scanning. A user will typically wait more than one day before reporting the device as missing, giving the attacker plenty of time to breach the unprotected system. This could only occur, however, if the users UserID and PIN are also known. Risk - based analytics can provide additional protection against the use of lost or stolen tokens, even if the users UserID and PIN are known by the attackers. Batteries go flat periodically, requiring complicated replacement and re-enrollment procedures. Clock drift also affects some tokens ( especially infrequently used ones ), requiring time - consuming server - side re-sync with the provider. Reception and competing products As of 2003, RSA SecurID commanded over 70 % of the two - factor authentication market and 25 million devices have been produced to date. A number of competitors, such as VASCO, make similar security tokens, mostly based on the open OATH HOTP standard. A study on OTP published by Gartner in 2010 mentions OATH and SecurID as the only competitors. Other network authentication systems, such as OPIE and S / Key ( sometimes more generally known as OTP, as S / Key is a trademark of Telcordia Technologies, formerly Bellcore ) attempt to provide the `` something you have '' level of authentication without requiring a hardware token. March 2011 system compromise On 17 March 2011, RSA announced that they had been victims of `` an extremely sophisticated cyber attack ''. Concerns were raised specifically in reference to the SecurID system, saying that `` this information could potentially be used to reduce the effectiveness of a current two - factor authentication implementation ''. However, their formal Form 8 - K submission indicated that they did not believe the breach would have a `` material impact on its financial results ''. The breach cost EMC, the parent company of RSA, $66.3 million, which was taken as a charge against second quarter earnings. It covered costs to investigate the attack, harden its IT systems and monitor transactions of corporate customers, according to EMC Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer David Goulden, in a conference call with analysts. The breach into RSA 's network was carried out by hackers who sent phishing emails to two targeted, small groups of employees of RSA. Attached to the email was an Excel file containing malware. When an RSA employee opened the Excel file, the malware exploited a vulnerability in Adobe Flash. The exploit allowed the hackers to use the Poison Ivy Remote Administration Tool to gain control of machines and access servers in RSA 's network. There are some hints that the breach involved the theft of RSA 's database mapping token serial numbers to the secret token `` seeds '' that were injected to make each one unique. Reports of RSA executives telling customers to `` ensure that they protect the serial numbers on their tokens '' lend credibility to this hypothesis. Barring a fatal weakness in the cryptographic implementation of the token code generation algorithm ( which is unlikely, since it involves the simple and direct application of the extensively scrutinized AES - 128 block cipher ), the only circumstance under which an attacker could mount a successful attack without physical possession of the token is if the token seed records themselves had been leaked. RSA stated it did not release details about the extent of the attack so as to not give potential attackers information they could use in figuring out how to attack the system. On 6 June 2011, RSA offered token replacements or free security monitoring services to any of its more than 30,000 SecurID customers, following an attempted cyber breach on defense customer Lockheed Martin that appeared to be related to the SecurID information stolen from RSA. In spite of the resulting attack on one of its defense customers, company chairman Art Coviello said that `` We believe and still believe that the customers are protected ''. Resulting attacks In April 2011, unconfirmed rumors cited L - 3 Communications as having been attacked as a result of the RSA compromise. In May 2011, this information was used to attack Lockheed Martin systems. However Lockheed Martin claims that due to `` aggressive actions '' by the company 's information security team, `` No customer, program or employee personal data '' was compromised by this `` significant and tenacious attack ''. The Department of Homeland Security and the US Defense Department have offered help to determine the scope of the attack. References Jump up ^ `` Oracle ® Access Manager Integration Guide '' ( PDF ). Oracle Corporation. August 2007. (... ) the RSA ACE / Server ®, which has been renamed to the Authentication Manager. Jump up ^ TOTP : Time - based One - time Password Algorithm Jump up ^ Sample SecurID Token Emulator with Token Secret Import Jump up ^ stoken - Software Token for Linux / UNIX Jump up ^ RSA SecurID SID800 Hardware Authenticator Archived November 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ http://www.process.com/tcpip/tcpware57docs/User_Guide/ch14.htm#E53E27 Jump up ^ RSA Security to enable ubiquitous authentication as RSA SecurID ( r ) technology reaches everyday devices and software ;. - M2 Presswire HighBeam Research : Online Press Releases Jump up ^ `` Testing Multiple Factors Authentication ( OWASP - AT - 009 ) ''. Jump up ^ http://malpaso.ru/securid/brainard.htm Jump up ^ http://securology.blogspot.com/2007/11/soft-tokens-arent-tokens-at-all.html Jump up ^ `` RSA SecurID Solution Named Best Third - Party Authentication Device by Windows IT Pro Magazine Readers ' Choice 2004 ''. RSA.com. 2004 - 09 - 16. Archived from the original on 2010 - 01 - 06. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 09. Jump up ^ Diodati, Mark ( 2010 ). `` Road Map : Replacing Passwords with OTP Authentication ''. Burton Group. Gartner 's expectation is that the hardware OTP form factor will continue to enjoy modest growth while smartphone OTPs will grow and become the default hardware platform over time... If the organization does not need the extensive platform support, then OATH - based technology is likely a more cost - effective choice. Jump up ^ `` Open Letter to RSA Customers ''. Jump up ^ `` EMC / RSA 8K filing ''. Form 8 - K. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 17 March 2011. Jump up ^ Rivner, Uri ( 1 April 2011 ). `` Anatomy of an Attack ''. Speaking of Security - The RSA Blog and Podcast. Jump up ^ Mills, Elinor ( 5 April 2011 ). `` Attack on RSA used zero - day Flash exploit in Excel ''. CNET. Jump up ^ Goodin, Dan ( 24 May 2011 ). `` RSA wo n't talk ? Assume SecurID is broken ''. The Register. Jump up ^ Messmer, Ellen ( 18 March 2011 ). `` Did hackers nab RSA SecurID 's secret sauce ? ''. Network World. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Jump up ^ Bright, Peter ( 6 June 2011 ). `` RSA finally comes clean : SecurID is compromised ''. Ars Technica. Jump up ^ Gorman, Siobhan ; Tibken, Shara ( 7 June 2011 ). `` Security ' Tokens ' Take Hit ''. Wall Street Journal. Jump up ^ Gorman, Siobhan ; Tibken, Shara ( 7 June 2011 ). `` RSA forced to replace nearly all of its millions of tokens after security breach ''. News Limited. Jump up ^ Mills, Elinor ( 6 June 2011 ). `` China linked to new breaches tied to RSA ''. CNet. Jump up ^ Leyden, John ( 27 May 2011 ). `` Lockheed Martin suspends remote access after network ' intrusion ' ''. The Register. Jump up ^ Drew, Christopher ( 3 June 2011 ). `` Stolen Data Is Tracked to Hacking at Lockheed ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Lockheed Martin confirms attack on its IT network ''. AFP. 28 May 2011. Jump up ^ Wolf, Jim ( 28 May 2011 ). `` Lockheed Martin hit by cyber incident, U.S. says ''. Reuters. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to RSA SecurID. Official website RSA SecurID Hack - HackersCrackersAndThieves.com Technical details Sample SecurID Token Emulator with token Secret Import I.C. Wiener, Bugtraq post. Apparent Weaknesses in the Security Dynamics Client / Server Protocol Adam Shostack, 1996. Usenet thread discussing new SecurID details Vin McLellan, et al., comp. security. misc. Unofficial SecurID information and some reverse - engineering attempts Yahoo Groups securid - users. Analysis of possible risks from 2011 compromise Understanding the Impact of the RSA SecurID Breach ( 2011 ) Published attacks against the SecurID hash function Cryptanalysis of the Alleged SecurID Hash Function ( PDF ) Alex Biryukov, Joseph Lano, and Bart Preneel. Improved Cryptanalysis of SecurID ( PDF ) Scott Contini and Yiqun Lisa Yin. Fast Software - Based Attacks on SecurID ( PDF ) Scott Contini and Yiqun Lisa Yin. Hacking in the 2010s ← 2000s Timeline 2020s → Major incidents Australian cyberattacks Operation Aurora Operation Payback 2011 DigiNotar DNSChanger HBGary Federal Operation AntiSec Operation Tunisia PlayStation RSA SecurID compromise 2012 LinkedIn hack Stratfor email leak 2013 South Korea cyberattack Snapchat hack 2013 Yahoo ! data breach 2014 Anthem medical data breach Operation Tovar iCloud leaks of celebrity photos Sony Pictures hack Russian hacker password theft 2014 Yahoo ! data breach 2015 Office of Personnel Management data breach Hacking Team Ashley Madison data breach VTech data breach SWIFT banking hack 2016 Bangladesh Bank robbery Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident Commission on Elections data breach Democratic National Committee cyber attacks DCCC cyber attacks Dyn cyberattack Russian interference in U.S. election 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack Westminster cyberattack Petya cyberattack 2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine Equifax data breach Deloitte breach Disqus breach 2018 Trustico Exactis Atlanta cyberattack Groups Anonymous associated events Bureau 121 Cozy Bear CyberBerkut Derp Equation Group Fancy Bear GNAA Goatse Security Guccifer 2.0 Hacking Team Iranian Cyber Army Lizard Squad LulzRaft LulzSec New World Hackers NullCrew NSO Group PayPal 14 PLA Unit 61398 PLATINUM Pranknet RedHack Rocket Kitten The Shadow Brokers Syrian Electronic Army TeaMp0isoN Tailored Access Operations UGNazi Yemen Cyber Army Individuals George Hotz Guccifer Hector Monsegur Jeremy Hammond Junaid Hussain Kristoffer von Hassel Mustafa Al - Bassam MLT Ryan Ackroyd Topiary The Jester weev Major vulnerabilities publicly disclosed Evercookie ( 2010 ) iSeeYou ( 2013 ) Heartbleed ( 2014 ) Shellshock ( 2014 ) POODLE ( 2014 ) Rootpipe ( 2014 ) Row hammer ( 2014 ) JASBUG ( 2015 ) Stagefright ( 2015 ) DROWN ( 2016 ) Badlock ( 2016 ) Dirty COW ( 2016 ) Cloudbleed ( 2017 ) Broadcom Wi - Fi ( 2017 ) EternalBlue ( 2017 ) DoublePulsar ( 2017 ) Silent Bob is Silent ( 2017 ) KRACK ( 2017 ) ROCA vulnerability ( 2017 ) BlueBorne ( 2017 ) Meltdown ( 2018 ) Spectre ( 2018 ) EFAIL ( 2018 ) Speculative Store Bypass ( 2018 ) Lazy FP State Restore ( 2018 ) TLBleed ( 2018 ) Malware Bad Rabbit Careto / The Mask CryptoLocker Dexter Duqu Duqu 2.0 FinFisher Flame Gameover ZeuS Mahdi Metulji botnet Mirai NSA ANT catalog Pegasus Petya R2D2 Shamoon Stars virus Stuxnet Vault 7 WannaCry X-Agent Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RSA_SecurID&oldid=850514483 '' Categories : Password authentication EMC Corporation Authentication methods Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Pages using deprecated image syntax All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011 Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Français 日本 語 Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 16 July 2018, at 10 : 47 ( UTC ). 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Question: a rsa token would be an example of
Answer: two-factor authentication