Pablo Picasso - wikipedia Pablo Picasso `` Picasso '' redirects here. For other uses, see Picasso ( disambiguation ). This name uses Spanish naming customs : the first or paternal family name is Ruiz and the second or maternal family name is Picasso. Pablo Picasso Picasso in 1908 Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso ( 1881 - 10 - 25 ) 25 October 1881 Málaga, Spain 8 April 1973 ( 1973 - 04 - 08 ) ( aged 91 ) Mougins, France Resting place Château of Vauvenargues 43 ° 33 ′ 15 '' N 5 ° 36 ′ 16 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 43.554142 ° N 5.604438 ° E ﻿ / 43.554142 ; 5.604438 Nationality Spanish Education José Ruiz y Blasco ( father ) Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando Known for Painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics, stage design, writing Notable work La Vie ( 1903 ) Family of Saltimbanques ( 1905 ) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ) Portrait of Daniel - Henry Kahnweiler ( 1910 ) Girl before a Mirror ( 1932 ) Le Rêve ( 1932 ) Guernica ( 1937 ) The Weeping Woman ( 1937 ) Movement Cubism, Surrealism Spouse ( s ) Olga Khokhlova ( m. 1918 ; d. 1955 ) Jacqueline Roque ( m. 1961 ) Pablo Picasso ( / pɪˈkɑːsoʊ, - ˈkæsoʊ / ; Spanish : ( ˈpaβlo piˈkaso ) ; 25 October 1881 -- 8 April 1973 ) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto - Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ), and Guernica ( 1937 ), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the slightly older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art. Picasso 's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period ( 1901 -- 1904 ), the Rose Period ( 1904 -- 1906 ), the African - influenced Period ( 1907 -- 1909 ), Analytic Cubism ( 1909 -- 1912 ), and Synthetic Cubism ( 1912 -- 1919 ), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso 's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best - known figures in 20th - century art. Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Before 1900 2.2 Blue Period : 1901 -- 1904 2.3 Rose Period : 1904 -- 1906 2.4 African art and primitivism : 1907 -- 1909 2.5 Analytic cubism : 1909 -- 1912 2.6 Synthetic cubism : 1912 -- 1919 2.7 Neoclassicism and surrealism : 1919 -- 1929 2.8 The Great Depression to MoMA exhibition : 1930 -- 1939 2.9 World War II and late 1940s : 1939 -- 1949 2.10 Later works to final years : 1949 -- 1973 3 Political views 4 Style and technique 5 Artistic legacy 5.1 Auction history 6 Personal life 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Early life Pablo Picasso with his sister Lola, 1889 Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. Ruiz y Picasso were included for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish law. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco ( 1838 -- 1913 ) and María Picasso y López. His mother was of one quarter Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa. Though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist. Picasso 's family was of middle - class background. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Ruiz 's ancestors were minor aristocrats. Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were `` piz, piz '', a shortening of lápiz, the Spanish word for `` pencil ''. From the age of seven, Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was a traditional academic artist and instructor, who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of the masters, and drawing the human body from plaster casts and live models. His son became preoccupied with art to the detriment of his classwork. Pablo Picasso, 1901, Old Woman ( Woman with Gloves ), oil on cardboard, 67 × 52.1 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art Pablo Picasso, 1901 - 02, Femme au café ( Absinthe Drinker ), oil on canvas, 73 × 54 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia The family moved to A Coruña in 1891, where his father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts. They stayed almost four years. On one occasion, the father found his son painting over his unfinished sketch of a pigeon. Observing the precision of his son 's technique, an apocryphal story relates, Ruiz felt that the thirteen - year - old Picasso had surpassed him, and vowed to give up painting, though paintings by him exist from later years. In 1895, Picasso was traumatized when his seven - year - old sister, Conchita, died of diphtheria. After her death, the family moved to Barcelona, where Ruiz took a position at its School of Fine Arts. Picasso thrived in the city, regarding it in times of sadness or nostalgia as his true home. Ruiz persuaded the officials at the academy to allow his son to take an entrance exam for the advanced class. This process often took students a month, but Picasso completed it in a week, and the jury admitted him, at just 13. The student lacked discipline but made friendships that would affect him in later life. His father rented a small room for him close to home so he could work alone, yet he checked up on him numerous times a day, judging his drawings. The two argued frequently. Picasso 's father and uncle decided to send the young artist to Madrid 's Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, the country 's foremost art school. At age 16, Picasso set off for the first time on his own, but he disliked formal instruction and stopped attending classes soon after enrollment. Madrid held many other attractions. The Prado housed paintings by Diego Velázquez, Francisco Goya, and Francisco Zurbarán. Picasso especially admired the works of El Greco ; elements such as his elongated limbs, arresting colours, and mystical visages are echoed in Picasso 's later work. Career Before 1900 Picasso in 1904. Photograph by Ricard Canals. Picasso 's training under his father began before 1890. His progress can be traced in the collection of early works now held by the Museu Picasso in Barcelona, which provides one of the most comprehensive records extant of any major artist 's beginnings. During 1893 the juvenile quality of his earliest work falls away, and by 1894 his career as a painter can be said to have begun. The academic realism apparent in the works of the mid-1890s is well displayed in The First Communion ( 1896 ), a large composition that depicts his sister, Lola. In the same year, at the age of 14, he painted Portrait of Aunt Pepa, a vigorous and dramatic portrait that Juan - Eduardo Cirlot has called `` without a doubt one of the greatest in the whole history of Spanish painting. '' In 1897, his realism began to show a Symbolist influence, for example, in a series of landscape paintings rendered in non-naturalistic violet and green tones. What some call his Modernist period ( 1899 -- 1900 ) followed. His exposure to the work of Rossetti, Steinlen, Toulouse - Lautrec and Edvard Munch, combined with his admiration for favourite old masters such as El Greco, led Picasso to a personal version of modernism in his works of this period. Picasso made his first trip to Paris, then the art capital of Europe, in 1900. There, he met his first Parisian friend, journalist and poet Max Jacob, who helped Picasso learn the language and its literature. Soon they shared an apartment ; Max slept at night while Picasso slept during the day and worked at night. These were times of severe poverty, cold, and desperation. Much of his work was burned to keep the small room warm. During the first five months of 1901, Picasso lived in Madrid, where he and his anarchist friend Francisco de Asís Soler founded the magazine Arte Joven ( Young Art ), which published five issues. Soler solicited articles and Picasso illustrated the journal, mostly contributing grim cartoons depicting and sympathizing with the state of the poor. The first issue was published on 31 March 1901, by which time the artist had started to sign his work Picasso ; before he had signed Pablo Ruiz y Picasso. La Vie ( 1903 ), Cleveland Museum of Art The Old Guitarist ( 1903 ), Chicago Art Institute Blue period : 1901 -- 1904 For more details on this topic, see Picasso 's Blue Period. Picasso 's Blue Period ( 1901 -- 1904 ), characterized by sombre paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue - green, only occasionally warmed by other colours, began either in Spain in early 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from the Blue Period, during which Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and Paris. In his austere use of colour and sometimes doleful subject matter -- prostitutes and beggars are frequent subjects -- Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting La Vie ( 1903 ), now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Pablo Picasso, 1905, Au Lapin Agile ( At the Lapin Agile ) ( Arlequin tenant un verre ), oil on canvas, 99.1 × 100.3 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art The same mood pervades the well - known etching The Frugal Repast ( 1904 ), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table. Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso 's works of this period, also represented in The Blindman 's Meal ( 1903, the Metropolitan Museum of Art ) and in the portrait of Celestina ( 1903 ). Other works include Portrait of Soler and Portrait of Suzanne Bloch. Pablo Picasso, 1905, Garçon à la pipe, ( Boy with a Pipe ), private collection, Rose Period Rose period : 1904 -- 1906 For more details on this topic, see Picasso 's Rose Period. The Rose Period ( 1904 -- 1906 ) is characterized by a lighter tone and style utilizing orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques. The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso. Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who became his mistress, in Paris in 1904. Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings, many of which are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting. The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899 -- 1901 period ( i.e. just prior to the Blue Period ) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods. Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. When someone commented that Stein did not look like her portrait, Picasso replied, `` She will ''. By 1905, Picasso became a favourite of American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein. Their older brother Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work. Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein. Gertrude Stein became Picasso 's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal Salon at her home in Paris. At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival. The Steins introduced him to Claribel Cone and her sister Etta who were American art collectors ; they also began to acquire Picasso and Matisse 's paintings. Eventually Leo Stein moved to Italy. Michael and Sarah Stein became patrons of Matisse, while Gertrude Stein continued to collect Picasso. In 1907 Picasso joined an art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel - Henry Kahnweiler. Kahnweiler was a German art historian and art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century. He was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubism that they jointly developed. Kahnweiler promoted burgeoning artists such as André Derain, Kees van Dongen, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Maurice de Vlaminck and several others who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse at the time. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ), Museum of Modern Art, New York African art and primitivism : 1907 -- 1909 See also : Picasso 's African Period and Proto - Cubism Picasso 's African - influenced Period ( 1907 -- 1909 ) begins with his painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Picasso painted this composition in a style inspired by Iberian sculpture, but repainted the faces of the two figures on the right after being powerfully impressed by African artefacts he saw in June 1907 in the ethnographic museum at Palais du Trocadéro. When he displayed the painting to acquaintances in his studio later that year, the nearly universal reaction was shock and revulsion ; Matisse angrily dismissed the work as a hoax. Picasso did not exhibit Le Demoiselles publicly until 1916. Other works from this period include Nude with Raised Arms ( 1907 ) and Three Women ( 1908 ). Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows. Analytic Cubism : 1909 -- 1912 Analytic cubism ( 1909 -- 1912 ) is a style of painting Picasso developed with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours. Both artists took apart objects and `` analyzed '' them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque 's paintings at this time share many similarities. Synthetic Cubism : 1912 -- 1919 Main article : Crystal Cubism Synthetic cubism ( 1912 -- 1919 ) was a further development of the genre of cubism, in which cut paper fragments -- often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages -- were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art. In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry, and Gertrude Stein. Apollinaire was arrested on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911. Apollinaire pointed to his friend Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning, but both were later exonerated. Between 1915 and 1917, Picasso began a series of paintings depicting highly geometric and minimalist Cubist objects, consisting of either a pipe, a guitar or a glass, with an occasional element of collage. `` Hard - edged square - cut diamonds '', notes art historian John Richardson, `` these gems do not always have upside or downside ''. `` We need a new name to designate them, '' wrote Picasso to Gertrude Stein : Maurice Raynal suggested `` Crystal Cubism ''. These `` little gems '' may have been produced by Picasso in response to critics who had claimed his defection from the movement, through his experimentation with classicism within the so - called return to order following the war. Costume design by Pablo Picasso representing skyscrapers and boulevards, for Serge Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes performance of Parade at Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris 18 May 1917 After acquiring some fame and fortune, Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, who he called Eva Gouel. Picasso included declarations of his love for Eva in many Cubist works. Picasso was devastated by her premature death from illness at the age of 30 in 1915. Pablo Picasso and scene painters sitting on the front cloth for Léonide Massine 's ballet Parade, staged by Sergei Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes at the Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, 1917 Parade, 1917, curtain designed for the ballet Parade. The work is the largest of Picasso 's paintings. Centre Pompidou - Metz, Metz, France, May 2012. Portrait d'Olga dans un fauteuil ( Olga in an Armchair ), 1918, Musée Picasso, Paris, France At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Picasso was living in Avignon. Braque and Derain were mobilized and Apollinaire joined the French artillery, while the Spaniard Juan Gris remained from the Cubist circle. During the war, Picasso was able to continue painting uninterrupted, unlike his French comrades. His paintings became more sombre and his life changed with dramatic consequences. Kahnweiler 's contract had terminated on his exile from France. At this point Picasso 's work would be taken on by the art dealer Léonce Rosenberg. After the loss of Eva Gouel, Picasso had an affair with Gaby Lespinasse. During the spring of 1916, Apollinaire returned from the front wounded. They renewed their friendship, but Picasso began to frequent new social circles. Towards the end of World War I, Picasso made a number of important relationships with figures associated with Serge Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes. Among his friends during this period were Jean Cocteau, Jean Hugo, Juan Gris, and others. In the summer of 1918, Picasso married Olga Khokhlova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev 's troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, Erik Satie 's Parade, in Rome ; they spent their honeymoon near Biarritz in the villa of glamorous Chilean art patron Eugenia Errázuriz. After returning from his honeymoon, and in desperate need of money, Picasso started his exclusive relationship with the French - Jewish art dealer Paul Rosenberg. As part of his first duties, Rosenberg agreed to rent the couple an apartment in Paris at his own expense, which was located next to his own house. This was the start of a deep brother - like friendship between two very different men, that would last until the outbreak of World War II. Khokhlova introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant to the life of the rich in 1920s Paris. The two had a son, Paulo Picasso, who would grow up to be a dissolute motorcycle racer and chauffeur to his father. Khokhlova 's insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso 's bohemian tendencies and the two lived in a state of constant conflict. During the same period that Picasso collaborated with Diaghilev 's troupe, he and Igor Stravinsky collaborated on Pulcinella in 1920. Picasso took the opportunity to make several drawings of the composer. In 1927 Picasso met 17 - year - old Marie - Thérèse Walter and began a secret affair with her. Picasso 's marriage to Khokhlova soon ended in separation rather than divorce, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce, and Picasso did not want Khokhlova to have half his wealth. The two remained legally married until Khokhlova 's death in 1955. Picasso carried on a long - standing affair with Marie - Thérèse Walter and fathered a daughter with her, named Maya. Marie - Thérèse lived in the vain hope that Picasso would one day marry her, and hanged herself four years after Picasso 's death. 1909, Femme assise ( Sitzende Frau ), oil on canvas, 100 × 80 cm, Staatliche Museen, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin 1909 -- 10, Figure dans un Fauteuil ( Seated Nude, Femme nue assise ), oil on canvas, 92.1 × 73 cm, Tate Modern, London. This painting from the collection of Wilhelm Uhde was confiscated by the French state and sold at the Hôtel Drouot in 1921 1910, Woman with Mustard Pot ( La Femme au pot de moutarde ), oil on canvas, 73 × 60 cm, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. Exhibited at the Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston 1913 1910, Girl with a Mandolin ( Fanny Tellier ), oil on canvas, 100.3 × 73.6 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York 1910, Portrait of Daniel - Henry Kahnweiler, The Art Institute of Chicago. Picasso wrote of Kahnweiler `` What would have become of us if Kahnweiler had n't had a business sense ? '' 1910 -- 11, Guitariste, La mandoliniste ( Woman playing guitar or mandolin ), oil on canvas c. 1911, Le Guitariste. Reproduced in Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger, Du `` Cubisme '', 1912 1911, Still Life with a Bottle of Rum, oil on canvas, 61.3 × 50.5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 1911, The Poet ( Le poète ), oil on linen, 131.2 × 89.5 cm ( 51 5 / 8 × 35 1 / 4 in ), The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice 1911 -- 12, Violon ( Violin ), oil on canvas, 100 × 73 cm ( oval ), Kröller - Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands. This painting from the collection of Wilhelm Uhde was confiscated by the French state and sold at the Hôtel Drouot in 1921 1913, Bouteille, clarinet, violon, journal, verre, 55 × 45 cm. This painting from the collection of Wilhelm Uhde was confiscated by the French state and sold at the Hôtel Drouot in 1921 1913, Femme assise dans un fauteuil ( Eva ), Woman in a Chemise in an Armchair, oil on canvas, 149.9 × 99.4 cm, Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art 1913 -- 14, Head ( Tête ), cut and pasted coloured paper, gouache and charcoal on paperboard, 43.5 × 33 cm, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh 1913 -- 14, L'Homme aux cartes ( Card Player ), oil on canvas, 108 × 89.5 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York 1914 -- 15, Nature morte au compotier ( Still Life with Compote and Glass ), oil on canvas, 63.5 × 78.7 cm ( 25 × 31 in ), Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio 1916, L'anis del mono ( Bottle of Anis del Mono ), oil on canvas, 46 × 54.6 cm, Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan Neoclassicism and Surrealism : 1919 -- 1929 Pablo Picasso, 1918, Pierrot, oil on canvas, 92.7 × 73 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York Pablo Picasso, 1919, Sleeping Peasants, gouache, watercolor and pencil on paper, 31.1 × 48.9 cm, Museum of Modern Art In February 1917, Picasso made his first trip to Italy. In the period following the upheaval of World War I, Picasso produced work in a neoclassical style. This `` return to order '' is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s, including André Derain, Giorgio de Chirico, Gino Severini, Jean Metzinger, the artists of the New Objectivity movement and of the Novecento Italiano movement. Picasso 's paintings and drawings from this period frequently recall the work of Raphael and Ingres. In 1925 the Surrealist writer and poet André Breton declared Picasso as ' one of ours ' in his article Le Surréalisme et la peinture, published in Révolution surréaliste. Les Demoiselles was reproduced for the first time in Europe in the same issue. Yet Picasso exhibited Cubist works at the first Surrealist group exhibition in 1925 ; the concept of ' psychic automatism in its pure state ' defined in the Manifeste du surréalisme never appealed to him entirely. He did at the time develop new imagery and formal syntax for expressing himself emotionally, `` releasing the violence, the psychic fears and the eroticism that had been largely contained or sublimated since 1909 '', writes art historian Melissa McQuillan. Although this transition in Picasso 's work was informed by Cubism for its spatial relations, `` the fusion of ritual and abandon in the imagery recalls the primitivism of the Demoiselles and the elusive psychological resonances of his Symbolist work '', writes McQuillan. Surrealism revived Picasso 's attraction to primitivism and eroticism. The great depression to MoMA exhibition : 1930 -- 1939 During the 1930s, the minotaur replaced the harlequin as a common motif in his work. His use of the minotaur came partly from his contact with the surrealists, who often used it as their symbol, and it appears in Picasso 's Guernica. The minotaur and Picasso 's mistress Marie - Thérèse Walter are heavily featured in his celebrated Vollard Suite of etchings. Guernica, 1937, Museo Reina Sofia Arguably Picasso 's most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War -- Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Asked to explain its symbolism, Picasso said, `` It is n't up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise it would be better if he wrote them out in so many words ! The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them. '' Guernica was exhibited in July 1937 at the Spanish Pavilion at the Paris International Exposition, and then became the centerpiece of an exhibition of 118 works by Picasso, Matisse, Braque and Henri Laurens that toured Scandinavia and England. After the victory of Francisco Franco in Spain, the painting was sent to the United States to raise funds and support for Spanish refugees. Until 1981 it was entrusted to the Museum of Modern Art ( MoMA ) in New York City, as it was Picasso 's expressed desire that the painting should not be delivered to Spain until liberty and democracy had been established in the country. In 1939 -- 40 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, under its director Alfred Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, held a major retrospective of Picasso 's principal works until that time. This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars. According to Jonathan Weinberg, `` Given the extraordinary quality of the show and Picasso 's enormous prestige, generally heightened by the political impact of Guernica... the critics were surprisingly ambivalent ''. Picasso 's `` multiplicity of styles '' was disturbing to one journalist, another described the artist as `` wayward and even malicious '' ; Alfred Frankenstein 's review in ARTnews concluded that Picasso was both charlatan and genius. World War II and late 1940s : 1939 -- 1949 Pablo Picasso photographed in 1953 by Paolo Monti during an exhibition at Palazzo Reale in Milan ( Fondo Paolo Monti, BEIC ). During the Second World War, Picasso remained in Paris while the Germans occupied the city. Picasso 's artistic style did not fit the Nazi ideal of art, so he did not exhibit during this time. He was often harassed by the Gestapo. During one search of his apartment, an officer saw a photograph of the painting Guernica. `` Did you do that ? '' the German asked Picasso. `` No, '' he replied, `` You did ''. Retreating to his studio, he continued to paint, producing works such as the Still Life with Guitar ( 1942 ) and The Charnel House ( 1944 -- 48 ). Although the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless, using bronze smuggled to him by the French Resistance. Stanisław Lorentz guides Pablo Picasso through the National Museum in Warsaw in Poland during exhibition Contemporary French Painters and Pablo Picasso 's Ceramics, 1948. Picasso gave Warsaw 's museum over a dozen of his ceramics, drawings and colour prints. Around this time, Picasso took up writing as an alternative outlet. Between 1935 and 1959 he wrote over 300 poems. Largely untitled except for a date and sometimes the location of where it was written ( for example `` Paris 16 May 1936 '' ), these works were gustatory, erotic and at times scatological, as were his two full - length plays Desire Caught by the Tail ( 1941 ) and The Four Little Girls ( 1949 ). In 1944, after the liberation of Paris, Picasso, then 63 years old, began a romantic relationship with a young art student named Françoise Gilot. She was 40 years younger than he was. Picasso grew tired of his mistress Dora Maar ; Picasso and Gilot began to live together. Eventually they had two children : Claude, born in 1947 and Paloma, born in 1949. In her 1964 book Life with Picasso, Gilot describes his abusive treatment and myriad infidelities which led her to leave him, taking the children with her. This was a severe blow to Picasso. Picasso had affairs with women of an even greater age disparity than his and Gilot 's. While still involved with Gilot, in 1951 Picasso had a six - week affair with Geneviève Laporte, who was four years younger than Gilot. By his 70s, many paintings, ink drawings and prints have as their theme an old, grotesque dwarf as the doting lover of a beautiful young model. Jacqueline Roque ( 1927 -- 1986 ) worked at the Madoura Pottery in Vallauris on the French Riviera, where Picasso made and painted ceramics. She became his lover, and then his second wife in 1961. The two were together for the remainder of Picasso 's life. His marriage to Roque was also a means of revenge against Gilot ; with Picasso 's encouragement, Gilot had divorced her then husband, Luc Simon, with the plan to marry Picasso to secure the rights of her children as Picasso 's legitimate heirs. Picasso had already secretly married Roque, after Gilot had filed for divorce. His strained relationship with Claude and Paloma was never healed. By this time, Picasso had constructed a huge Gothic home, and could afford large villas in the south of France, such as Mas Notre - Dame - de-Vie on the outskirts of Mougins, and in the Provence - Alpes - Côte d'Azur. He was an international celebrity, with often as much interest in his personal life as his art. Later works to final years : 1949 -- 1973 The Chicago Picasso, a 50 - foot high public Cubist sculpture. Donated by Picasso to the people of Chicago Picasso was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in mid-1949. In the 1950s, Picasso 's style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He made a series of works based on Velázquez 's painting of Las Meninas. He also based paintings on works by Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. In addition to his artistic accomplishments, Picasso made a few film appearances, always as himself, including a cameo in Jean Cocteau 's Testament of Orpheus ( 1960 ). In 1955 he helped make the film Le Mystère Picasso ( The Mystery of Picasso ) directed by Henri - Georges Clouzot. He was commissioned to make a maquette for a huge 50 - foot ( 15 m ) - high public sculpture to be built in Chicago, known usually as the Chicago Picasso. He approached the project with a great deal of enthusiasm, designing a sculpture which was ambiguous and somewhat controversial. What the figure represents is not known ; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city. Picasso 's final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 to 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. Only later, after Picasso 's death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see the late works of Picasso as prefiguring Neo-Expressionism. Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in Mougins, France from pulmonary edema and heart failure, while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. He was interred at the Château of Vauvenargues near Aix - en - Provence, a property he had acquired in 1958 and occupied with Jacqueline between 1959 and 1962. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. Devastated and lonely after the death of Picasso, Jacqueline Roque killed herself by gunshot in 1986 when she was 59 years old. Political Views Picasso remained aloof from the Catalan independence movement during his youth despite expressing general support and being friendly with activists within it. He did not join the armed forces for any side or country during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II. As a Spanish citizen living in France, Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either world war. However, in 1940 he did apply for French citizenship, but it was refused on the grounds of his `` extremist ideas evolving towards communism ''. This information was not revealed until 2003. At the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Picasso was 54 years of age. Soon after hostilities began, the Republicans appointed him `` director of the Prado, albeit in absentia '', and `` he took his duties very seriously '', according to John Richardson, supplying the funds to evacuate the museum 's collection to Geneva. The war provided the impetus for Picasso 's first overtly political work. He expressed anger and condemnation of Francisco Franco and fascists in The Dream and Lie of Franco ( 1937 ), which was produced `` specifically for propagandistic and fundraising purposes ''. This surreal fusion of words and images was intended to be sold as a series of postcards to raise funds for the Spanish Republican cause. In 1944 Picasso joined the French Communist Party, attended an international peace conference in Poland, and in 1950 received the Stalin Peace Prize from the Soviet government. Party criticism in 1953 of his portrait of Stalin as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso 's interest in Soviet politics, though he remained a loyal member of the Communist Party until his death. His dealer, D-H. Kahnweiler, a socialist, termed Picasso 's communism `` sentimental '' rather than political, saying `` He has never read a line of Karl Marx, nor of Engels of course. '' In a 1945 interview with Jerome Seckler, Picasso stated : `` I am a Communist and my painting is Communist painting... But if I were a shoemaker, Royalist or Communist or anything else, I would not necessarily hammer my shoes in a special way to show my politics. '' His commitment to communism, common among continental intellectuals and artists at the time, has long been the subject of some controversy ; a notable demonstration thereof was a quote commonly attributed to Salvador Dalí ( with whom Picasso had a rather strained relationship ) : Picasso es pintor, yo también ; (... ) Picasso es español, yo también ; Picasso es comunista, yo tampoco. ( Picasso is a painter, so am I ; (... ) Picasso is a Spaniard, so am I ; Picasso is a communist, neither am I. ) Massacre in Korea, 1951 In the late 1940s his old friend the surrealist poet and Trotskyist and anti-Stalinist André Breton was more blunt ; refusing to shake hands with Picasso, he told him : `` I do n't approve of your joining the Communist Party nor with the stand you have taken concerning the purges of the intellectuals after the Liberation ''. Picasso was against the intervention of the United Nations and the United States in the Korean War and he depicted it in Massacre in Korea. The art critic Kirsten Hoving Keen says that it is `` inspired by reports of American atrocities '' and considers it one of Picasso 's communist works. In 1962, he received the Lenin Peace Prize. Biographer and art critic John Berger felt his talents as an artist were `` wasted '' by the communists. According to Jean Cocteau 's diaries, Picasso once said to him in reference to the communists : `` I have joined a family, and like all families, it 's full of shit ''. Style and technique Picasso was exceptionally prolific throughout his long lifetime. The total number of artworks he produced has been estimated at 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings ; 1,228 sculptures ; 2,880 ceramics, roughly 12,000 drawings, many thousands of prints, and numerous tapestries and rugs. The medium in which Picasso made his most important contribution was painting. In his paintings, Picasso used colour as an expressive element, but relied on drawing rather than subtleties of colour to create form and space. He sometimes added sand to his paint to vary its texture. A nanoprobe of Picasso 's The Red Armchair ( 1931 ) by physicists at Argonne National Laboratory in 2012 confirmed art historians ' belief that Picasso used common house paint in many of his paintings. Much of his painting was done at night by artificial light. Picasso 's early sculptures were carved from wood or modelled in wax or clay, but from 1909 to 1928 Picasso abandoned modelling and instead made sculptural constructions using diverse materials. An example is Guitar ( 1912 ), a relief construction made of sheet metal and wire that Jane Fluegel terms a `` three - dimensional planar counterpart of Cubist painting '' that marks a `` revolutionary departure from the traditional approaches, modeling and carving ''. From the beginning of his career, Picasso displayed an interest in subject matter of every kind, and demonstrated a great stylistic versatility that enabled him to work in several styles at once. For example, his paintings of 1917 included the pointillist Woman with a Mantilla, the Cubist Figure in an Armchair, and the naturalistic Harlequin ( all in the Museu Picasso, Barcelona ). In 1919, he made a number of drawings from postcards and photographs that reflect his interest in the stylistic conventions and static character of posed photographs. In 1921 he simultaneously painted several large neoclassical paintings and two versions of the Cubist composition Three Musicians ( Museum of Modern Art, New York ; Philadelphia Museum of Art ). In an interview published in 1923, Picasso said, `` The several manners I have used in my art must not be considered as an evolution, or as steps towards an unknown ideal of painting... If the subjects I have wanted to express have suggested different ways of expression I have never hesitated to adopt them. '' Although his Cubist works approach abstraction, Picasso never relinquished the objects of the real world as subject matter. Prominent in his Cubist paintings are forms easily recognized as guitars, violins, and bottles. When Picasso depicted complex narrative scenes it was usually in prints, drawings, and small - scale works ; Guernica ( 1937 ) is one of his few large narrative paintings. Picasso painted mostly from imagination or memory. According to William Rubin, Picasso `` could only make great art from subjects that truly involved him... Unlike Matisse, Picasso had eschewed models virtually all his mature life, preferring to paint individuals whose lives had both impinged on, and had real significance for, his own. '' The art critic Arthur Danto said Picasso 's work constitutes a `` vast pictorial autobiography '' that provides some basis for the popular conception that `` Picasso invented a new style each time he fell in love with a new woman ''. The autobiographical nature of Picasso 's art is reinforced by his habit of dating his works, often to the day. He explained : `` I want to leave to posterity a documentation that will be as complete as possible. That 's why I put a date on everything I do. '' Artistic Legacy Postage stamp, USSR, 1973. Picasso has been honoured on stamps worldwide. Picasso 's influence was and remains immense and widely acknowledged by his admirers and detractors alike. On the occasion of his 1939 retrospective at MoMA, Life magazine wrote : `` During the 25 years he has dominated modern European art, his enemies say he has been a corrupting influence. With equal violence, his friends say he is the greatest artist alive. '' In 1998, Robert Hughes wrote of him : `` To say that Pablo Picasso dominated Western art in the 20th century is, by now, the merest commonplace... No painter or sculptor, not even Michelangelo, had been as famous as this in his own lifetime... Though Marcel Duchamp, that cunning old fox of conceptual irony, has certainly had more influence on nominally vanguard art over the past 30 years than Picasso, the Spaniard was the last great beneficiary of the belief that the language of painting and sculpture really mattered to people other than their devotees. '' Musée Picasso, Paris ( Hotel Salé, 1659 At the time of Picasso 's death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he did not need to sell. In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, such as Henri Matisse, with whom he had exchanged works. Since Picasso left no will, his death duties ( estate tax ) to the French state were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the Musée Picasso in Paris. In 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace, Málaga, Spain, the Museo Picasso Málaga. Museu Picasso is located in the gothic palaces of Montcada street in Barcelona The Museu Picasso in Barcelona features many of his early works, created while he was living in Spain, including many rarely seen works which reveal his firm grounding in classical techniques. The museum also holds many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father 's tutelage, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, his close friend and personal secretary. Art Museum Pablo Picasso Münster Arkaden Guernica was on display in New York 's Museum of Modern Art for many years. In 1981, it was returned to Spain and was on exhibit at the Casón del Buen Retiro. In 1992 the painting was put on display in Madrid 's Reina Sofía Museum when it opened. In the 1996 movie Surviving Picasso, Picasso is portrayed by actor Anthony Hopkins. Picasso is also a character in Steve Martin 's 1993 play, Picasso at the Lapin Agile. In A Moveable Feast by Ernest Hemingway, Hemingway tells Gertrude Stein that he would like to have some Picassos, but can not afford them. Later in the book, Hemingway mentions looking at one of Picasso 's paintings. He refers to it as Picasso 's nude of the girl with the basket of flowers, possibly related to `` Young Naked Girl with Flower Basket ''. On 8 October 2010, Picasso : Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso, Paris, an exhibition of 150 paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints and photographs from the Musée National Picasso in Paris, opened at the Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington, US. The exhibition subsequently travelled to Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US. ; the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, California, US. ; the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ; and the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As of 2015, Picasso remained the top - ranked artist ( based on sales of his works at auctions ) according to the Art Market Trends report. More of his paintings have been stolen than any other artist 's ; in 2012, the Art Loss Register had 1,147 of his works listed as stolen. The Picasso Administration functions as his official Estate. The US copyright representative for the Picasso Administration is the Artists Rights Society. Auction history Several paintings by Picasso rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. Garçon à la pipe sold for US $104 million at Sotheby 's on 4 May 2004, establishing a new price record. Dora Maar au Chat sold for US $95.2 million at Sotheby 's on 3 May 2006. On 4 May 2010, Nude, Green Leaves and Bust was sold at Christie 's for $106.5 million. The 1932 work, which depicts Picasso 's mistress Marie - Thérèse Walter reclining and as a bust, was in the personal collection of Los Angeles philanthropist Frances Lasker Brody, who died in November 2009. On 11 May 2015 his painting Women of Algiers set the record for the highest price ever paid for a painting when it sold for US $179.3 million at Christie 's in New York. On 21 June 2016, a painting by Pablo Picasso titled Femme Assise ( 1909 ) sold for £ 43.2 million ( $63.4 million ) at Sotheby 's London, exceeding the estimate by nearly $20 million, setting a world record for the highest price ever paid at auction for a Cubist work. On 17 May 2017, The Jerusalem Post in an article titled `` Picasso Work Stolen By Nazi 's Sells for $45 Million at Auction '' reported the sale of a portrait painted by Picasso, the 1939 Femme assise, robe bleu, which was previously misappropriated during the early years of WWII. The painting has changed hands several times since its recovery, most recently through auction in May 2017 at Christie 's in New York City. Personal life Throughout his life Picasso maintained several mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner. Picasso was married twice and had four children by three women : Paulo ( 4 February 1921 -- 5 June 1975 ) ( Born Paul Joseph Picasso ) -- with Olga Khokhlova Maya ( 5 September 1935 -- ) ( Born Maria de la Concepcion Picasso ) -- with Marie - Thérèse Walter Claude ( 15 May 1947 -- ) ( Born Claude Pierre Pablo Picasso ) -- with Françoise Gilot Paloma ( 19 April 1949 -- ) ( Born Anne Paloma Picasso ) -- with Françoise Gilot Photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and it was Maar who documented the painting of Guernica. See also Book : Key artists Picasso 's poetry Neoclassical Testament of Orpheus Jacqueline Roque List of Picasso artworks 1901 -- 10 List of Picasso artworks 1911 -- 20 Notes ^ Jump up to : Pierre Daix, Georges Boudaille, Joan Rosselet, Picasso, 1900 - 1906 : catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint, Editions Ides et Calendes, 1988 Jump up ^ `` Picasso ''. Random House Webster 's Unabridged Dictionary. Jump up ^ `` The Guitar, MoMA ''. Moma.org. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Jump up ^ `` Sculpture, Tate ''. Tate.org.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Jump up ^ Tate. `` Matisse Picasso -- Exhibition at Tate Modern - Tate ''. Tate. Jump up ^ Green, Christopher ( 2003 ), Art in France : 1900 -- 1940, New Haven, Conn : Yale University Press, p. 77, ISBN 0300099088, retrieved 10 February 2013 Jump up ^ Searle, Adrian ( 7 May 2002 ). `` A momentous, tremendous exhibition ''. Guardian. UK. Retrieved 13 February 2010. Jump up ^ `` Matisse and Picasso Paul Trachtman, Smithsonian, February 2003 '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` On - line Picasso Project ''. Jump up ^ Hamilton, George H. ( 1976 ). `` Picasso, Pablo Ruiz Y ''. In William D. Halsey. Collier 's Encyclopedia. 19. New York : Macmillan Educational Corporation. pp. 25 -- 26. Jump up ^ De Felice, Emidio ( 1992 ) ( 1978 ). Dizionario dei cognomi italiani ( in Italian ). Milan : Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. p. 194. ISBN 88 - 04 - 35449 - 6. Jump up ^ Neil Cox ( 2010 ). The Picasso Book. Tate Publishing. p. 124. ISBN 9781854378439. Unlike Matisse 's chapel, the ruined Vallauris building had long since ceased to fulfill a religious function, so the atheist Picasso no doubt delighted in reinventing its use for the secular Communist cause of ' Peace '. Jump up ^ Wertenbaker 1967, 9. Jump up ^ Wertenbaker 1967, 11. ^ Jump up to : `` Picasso : Creator and Destroyer -- 88.06 ''. Theatlantic.com. Retrieved 21 December 2009. ^ Jump up to : Wertenbaker 1967, 13. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 6. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 14. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 37. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, pp. 87 -- 108. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 125. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 127. Jump up ^ Wattenmaker, Distel, et al. 1993, p. 304. Jump up ^ The Frugal Repast, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 11 March 2010. Jump up ^ Wattenmaker, Distel, et al. 1993, p. 194. Jump up ^ `` Portrait of Gertrude Stein ''. Metropolitan Museum. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Special Exhibit Examines Dynamic Relationship Between the Art of Pablo Picasso and Writing '' ( PDF ). Yale University Art Gallery ( Press release ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 26 May 2013. Jump up ^ James R. Mellow. Charmed Circle. Gertrude Stein and Company. Jump up ^ `` Cubism and its Legacy ''. Tate Liverpool. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ Rubin 1980, p. 87. Jump up ^ `` Culture Shock '', pbs.org. Retrieved 7 January 2017. Jump up ^ Richard Lacayo ( 7 April 2009 ). `` Art 's Great Whodunit : The Mona Lisa Theft of 1911 ''. TIME. Time Inc. Retrieved 28 June 2013. ^ Jump up to : John Richardson, A Life of Picasso : The Triumphant Years, 1917 - 1932, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, Dec 24, 2008, pp. 77 - 78, ISBN 030749649X Jump up ^ Letter from Juan Gris to Maurice Raynal, 23 May 1917, Kahnweiler - Gris 1956, 18 Jump up ^ Paul Morand, 1996, 19 May 1917, p. 143 - 4 Jump up ^ Christopher Green, Cubism and its Enemies, Modern Movements and Reaction in French Art, 1916 -- 1928, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987, pp. 13 - 47 Jump up ^ Harrison, Charles ; Frascina, Francis ; Perry, Gillian ( 1993 ). Primitivism, Cubism, Abstraction. Google Books. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Melissa McQuillan, ' ' Primitivism and Cubism, 1906 -- 15, War Years ' ', From Grove Art Online, MoMA ''. Moma.org. 1915 - 12 - 14. Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Paul ( Paolo ) Picasso is born ''. Xtimeline.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012. ^ Jump up to : Cowling & Mundy 1990, p. 201. ^ Jump up to : `` Melissa McQuillan, ' ' Pablo Picasso, Interactions with Surrealism, 1925 -- 35 ' ', from Grove Art Online, 2009 Oxford University Press, MoMA ''. Moma.org. 1931 - 01 - 12. Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 17. Jump up ^ Richard Dorment ( 8 May 2012 ). `` Picasso, The Vollard Suite, British Museum, review ''. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Jump up ^ `` Guernica Introduction ''. Pbs.org. Retrieved 21 December 2009. Jump up ^ The Spanish Wars of Goya and Picasso, Costa Tropical News. Retrieved 4 June 2010. Jump up ^ The MoMA retrospective of 1939 -- 40 -- see Michael C. FitzGerald, Making Modernism : Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth - Century Art ( New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995 ; Berkeley : University of California Press, 1996 ), pp. 243 -- 262. ^ Jump up to : Weinberg, Jonathan ( 2001 ). Ambition & Love in Modern American Art. New Haven ( Connecticut ) : Yale University Press. p. 33. 0300081871 Jump up ^ Regan, Geoffrey ( 1992 ). Military Anecdotes. Guinness Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 0 - 85112 - 519 - 0 Jump up ^ Kendall, L.R., Pablo Picasso ( 1881 -- 1973 ) : The Charnel House in Pieces... Occasional and Various April 2010 Jump up ^ Artnet, Fred Stern, Picasso and the War Year Retrieved 30 March 2011 Jump up ^ Lorentz, Stanisław ( 2002 ). Sarah Wilson, ed. Paris : capital of the arts, 1900 -- 1968. Royal Academy of Arts. p. 429. ISBN 09 - 00946 - 98 - 9. Jump up ^ Rothenberg, Jerome. Pablo Picasso, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz & other poems. Exact Exchange Books, Cambridge, MA, 2004, vii -- xviii Jump up ^ Picasso the Playwright, Picasso 's Little Recognised Contribution to the Performing Arts - with Images Retrieved April 2015 Jump up ^ Françoise Gilot and Carlton Lake, Life with Picasso, Random House. May 1989. ISBN 0 - 385 - 26186 - 1 ; first published in November 1964. Jump up ^ Pukas, Anna ( December 1, 2010 ). `` Picasso 's true passion ''. Daily Express. Jump up ^ Witham, Larry, and Pablo Picasso ( 2013 ). Picasso and the Chess Player : Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp and the Battle for the Soul of Modern Art. Hanover ( u.a. ) : Univ. Press of New England. p. 254. ISBN 9781611682533. Jump up ^ O'Brian, Patrick ( 1994 ). Pablo Ruiz Picasso : A Biography. New York : W.W. Norton. p. 472. ISBN 0393311074 Jump up ^ Filler, Martin ( 11 June 2009 ). `` The Late Show ''. The New York Review of Books 56 ( 10 ) : 28 - 29. Jump up ^ Martin Filler says `` the new constituency for late Picasso had much to do with new directions in avant - garde painting since his death, which made many people look quite differently at this startling final output. '' `` The Late Show ''. The New York Review of Books 56 ( 10 ) : 28 - 29. Jump up ^ Zabel, William D ( 1996 ). The Rich Die Richer and You Can too. John Wiley and Sons, p. 11. ISBN 0 - 471 - 15532 - 2 Jump up ^ Kimmelman, Michael ( 28 April 1996 ). `` Picasso 's Family Album, ''. New York Times. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ Philip Delves Broughton, `` Picasso not the patriot he painted '', The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 May 2003. Retrieved 18 April 2016 ^ Jump up to : Richardson, John ( 25 November 2010 ). `` How Political Was Picasso ? ''. The New York Review of Books, pp. 27 -- 30. ^ Jump up to : `` Picasso 's commitment to the cause ''. Treasures of the World. PBS. 1999. Jump up ^ National Gallery of Victoria ( 2006 ). `` An Introduction to Guernica ''. Retrieved 2 April 2013. Jump up ^ Eakin, Hugh ( November 2000 ). `` Picasso 's Party Line ''. ARTnews. Vol. 99 no. 10. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Jump up ^ Ashton, Dore and Pablo Picasso ( 1988 ). Picasso on Art : A Selection of Views. Da Capo Press. p. 140. ISBN 0 - 306 - 80330 - 5. Jump up ^ `` Pablo Picasso desairó a Salvador Dalí '' ( Failed attempts at correspondence between Dalí and Picasso ) ( in Spanish ). La República. 14 April 2006. Retrieved 14 February 2017. Jump up ^ `` Study on Salvador Dalí ''. Monografias.com. 7 May 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Article on Dalí in ', El Mundo ', ''. Elmundo.es. Retrieved 26 August 2010. Jump up ^ Dannatt, Adrian ( 7 June 2010 ), Picasso : Peace and Freedom. Tate Liverpool, 21 May -- 30 August 2010, Studio International, retrieved 14 February 2017 Jump up ^ Rivera, Breton and Trotsky Retrieved 9 August 2010 Jump up ^ Huffington, Arianna S. ( 1988 ). Picasso : Creator and Destroyer. Simon and Schuster. p. 390. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7861 - 0642 - 4. Jump up ^ David Hopkins, After modern art : 1945 - 2000 ( Oxford University Press, 2000 ), p. 15. ISBN 0 - 19 - 284234 - X, ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 284234 - 3 Jump up ^ Picasso A Retrospective, Museum of Modern Art, edited by William Rubin, copyright MoMA 1980, p. 383 Jump up ^ Keen, Kirsten Hoving. `` Picasso 's Communist Interlude : The Murals of War and Peace ''. The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 122, No. 928, Special Issue Devoted to Twentieth Century Art, July, 1980. p. 464. Jump up ^ `` Pablo Ruiz Picasso ( 1881 -- 1973 ) Picasso gets Stalin Peace Prize Event view ''. Xtimeline.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Jump up ^ Berger, John ( 1965 ). The Success and Failure of Picasso. Penguin Books, Ltd. p. 175. ISBN 978 - 0 - 679 - 73725 - 4. Jump up ^ Charlotte Higgins ( 28 May 2010 ). `` Picasso nearly risked his reputation for Franco exhibition ''. The Guardian. UK : Guardian News and Media. Jump up ^ On - line Picasso Project, citing Selfridge, John, 1994. ^ Jump up to : McQuillan, Melissa. `` Picasso, Pablo. '' Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 1, 2014 Jump up ^ Moskowitz, Clara ( 8 February 2013 ). `` Picasso 's Genius Revealed : He Used Common House Paint '', Live Science. Retrieved 9 February 2013. Jump up ^ Rubin 1980, pp. 150 -- 151. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, p. 164. ^ Jump up to : Cowling & Mundy 1990, p. 208. Jump up ^ Cirlot 1972, pp. 158 -- 159. ^ Jump up to : Danto, Arthur ( August 26 / September 2, 1996 ). `` Picasso and the Portrait ''. The Nation 263 ( 6 ) : 31 -- 35. Jump up ^ Life 4 March 1940 `` Picasso : Spanish Painter 's Big Show Tours the Nation ''. Retrieved 12 January 2017. Jump up ^ Hughes, Robert ( 8 June 1998 ). `` The Artist Pablo Picasso ''. Time. Retrieved 12 January 2017. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) IMDB Jump up ^ `` Picasso : Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso, Paris ''. deYoung Museum. Retrieved 24 July 2011. Jump up ^ `` Art Gallery of New South Wales ''. Artgallery.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 17. Jump up ^ Artprice and AMMA. `` The Art Market in 2015 '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 14 February 2017. Jump up ^ S. Goodenough, 1500 Fascinating Facts, Treasure Press, London, 1987, p 241. Jump up ^ `` Art Loss Register Lists Most Stolen Artists ''. ArtLyst. 28 January 2012. Jump up ^ `` Frequently Requested Member Artists ''. Artists Rights Society. March 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2017. Jump up ^ `` Picasso portrait sells for $95.2 million, Today, Associated Press ''. Retrieved 5 May 2006. Jump up ^ Vogel, Carol ( 9 March 2010 ). `` Christie 's Wins Bid to Auction $150 Million Brody Collection ''. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Jump up ^ Adam Justice. `` Picasso painting smashes art auction record in $179.4 m sale ''. International Business Times UK. Jump up ^ `` Early Picasso work sells for record $63.4 M ''. 20 June 2016. Jump up ^ Pablo Picasso, Femme Assise ( 1909 ), 43.269, 000 GBP ( Hammer Price with Buyer 's Premium ), Sotheby 's London, 21 June 2016 Jump up ^ `` Picasso Work Stolen By Nazi 's Sells for $45 Million at Auction '', The Jerusalem Post, May 17, 2017. ( 2 ). References Becht - Jördens, Gereon ; Wehmeier, Peter M. ( 2003 ). Picasso und die christliche Ikonographie : Mutterbeziehung und künstlerische Position. Berlin : Dietrich Reimer Verlag. ISBN 978 - 3 - 496 - 01272 - 6. Berger, John ( 1989 ). The Success and Failure of Picasso. Pantheon Books. ISBN 978 - 0 - 679 - 72272 - 4. Cirlot, Juan Eduardo ( 1972 ). Picasso, Birth of a Genius. New York and Washington : Praeger. Cowling, Elizabeth ; Mundy, Jennifer ( 1990 ). On Classic Ground : Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism, 1910 -- 1930. London : Tate Gallery. ISBN 978 - 1 - 85437 - 043 - 3. Daix, Pierre ( 1994 ). Picasso : Life and Art. Icon Editions. ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 430201 - 2. FitzGerald, Michael C. ( 1996 ). Making Modernism : Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth - century Art. Berkeley : University of California Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 520 - 20653 - 3. Granell, Eugenio Fernández ( 1981 ). Picasso 's Guernica : The End of a Spanish Era. Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI Research Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8357 - 1206 - 4. Krauss, Rosalind E. ( 1999 ). The Picasso Papers. MIT Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 262 - 61142 - 8. Mallén, Enrique ( 2003 ). The Visual Grammar of Pablo Picasso. New York : Peter Lang. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8204 - 5692 - 8. Mallén, Enrique ( 2005 ). La sintaxis de la carne : Pablo Picasso y Marie - Thérèse Walter. Santiago de Chile : Red Internacional del Libro. ISBN 978 - 956 - 284 - 455 - 0. Mallén, Enrique ( 2009 ). A Concordance of Pablo Picasso 's Spanish Writings. New York : Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7734 - 4713 - 4. Mallén, Enrique ( 2010 ). A Concordance of Pablo Picasso 's French Writings. New York : Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7734 - 1325 - 2. Retrieved 8 October 2010. Nill, Raymond M ( 1987 ). A Visual Guide to Pablo Picasso 's Works. New York : B&H Publishers. Picasso, Olivier Widmaier ( 2004 ). Picasso : The Real Family Story. Prestel. ISBN 978 - 3 - 7913 - 3149 - 2. Rubin, William ( 1981 ). Pablo Picasso : A Retrospective. Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978 - 0 - 316 - 70703 - 9. Wattenmaker, Richard J. ( 1993 ). Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation : Impressionist, Post-impressionist, and Early Modern. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978 - 0 - 679 - 40963 - 2. Wertenbaker, Lael Tucker ( 1967 ). The World of Picasso ( 1881 -- ). Time - Life Books. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pablo Picasso. Wikiquote has quotations related to : Picasso Pablo Picasso at Encyclopædia Britannica Works by or about Pablo Picasso at Internet Archive Works by or about Pablo Picasso in libraries ( WorldCat catalog ) Picasso discography at Discogs Picasso on IMDb Picasso in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website Picasso ULAN Full Record Display. Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute ( Los Angeles, California ) Picasso at the Guggenheim Museum Picasso at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) ( Los Angeles, California ) Picasso at Metropolitan Museum of Art ( New York City, New York ) Picasso at the Museum of Modern Art ( MoMA ) ( New York City, New York ) Musée National Picasso ( Paris, France ) Museo Picasso Málaga ( Málaga, Spain ) Museu Picasso ( Barcelona, Spain ) Picasso at the National Gallery of Art ( Washington DC, USA ) Pablo Picasso Periods Blue ( 1901 -- 1904 ) Rose ( 1904 -- 1906 ) African ( 1907 -- 1909 ) Cubism ( 1910 -- 1919 ) Lists of works 1889 -- 1900 1901 -- 1910 1911 -- 1920 1921 -- 1930 1931 -- 1940 1941 -- 1950 1951 -- 1960 1961 -- 1970 1971 -- 1973 Paintings and sculpture Picador ( 1889 ) Child with a Dove ( 1901 ) The Blue Room ( 1901 ) Femme aux Bras Croisés ( 1902 ) The Old Guitarist ( 1903 ) La Vie ( 1903 ) Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto ( 1903 ) Portrait of Suzanne Bloch ( 1904 ) The Actor ( 1904 ) Woman Ironing ( 1904 ) Family of Saltimbanques ( 1905 ) Garçon à la pipe ( 1905 ) Les Noces de Pierrette ( 1905 ) Au Lapin Agile ( 1905 ) Boy Leading a Horse ( 1905 - 06 ) Portrait of Gertrude Stein ( 1905 - 06 ) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ) Brick Factory at Tortosa ( 1909 ) Portrait of Daniel - Henry Kahnweiler ( 1910 ) The Accordionist ( 1911 ) Le pigeon aux petits pois ( 1911 ) Bottle, Glass, Fork ( 1912 ) Ma Jolie ( 1912 ) Ma Jolie ( 1914 ) Three Musicians ( 1921 ) Reading the Letter ( c. 1921 ) The Pipes of Pan ( 1923 ) The Three Dancers ( 1925 ) Vollard Suite ( 1930 - 37 ) Girl before a Mirror ( 1932 ) La Lecture ( 1932 ) Le Rêve ( 1932 ) Nude, Green Leaves and Bust ( 1932 ) Nude in a Black Armchair ( 1932 ) Jeune Fille Endormie ( 1935 ) Guernica ( 1937 ) The Dream and Lie of Franco ( 1937 ) Woman in Hat and Fur Collar ( 1937 ) The Weeping Woman ( 1937 ) Maya with Doll ( 1938 ) Dora Maar au Chat ( 1941 ) Bull 's Head ( 1942 ) The Charnel House ( c. 1944 - 48 ) Tete de femme ( Dora Maar ) ( 1950s ) Baboon and Young ( 1951 ) Massacre in Korea ( 1951 ) Sylvette ( 1954 ) Les Femmes d'Alger series ( 1955 ) Don Quixote ( 1955 ) Las Meninas ( 1957 ) Jacqueline ( 1961 ) Chicago Picasso ( 1967 ) Plays Desire Caught by the Tail ( c. 1941 ) The Four Little Girls ( c. 1947 - 1948 ) Poetry Picasso 's poetry Ballet designs Picasso and the Ballets Russes Parade The Three - Cornered Hat Pulcinella Le Train Bleu Mercure Museums Musée Picasso ( Antibes ) Museu Picasso ( Barcelona ) Musée Picasso ( Paris ) Museo Picasso Málaga ( Malaga ) Museo Casa Natal ( Malaga ) Partners Fernande Olivier Marie - Thérèse Walter Dora Maar Françoise Gilot Geneviève Laporte Family Olga Khokhlova ( first wife ) Jacqueline Roque ( second wife ) Paloma Picasso ( daughter ) Claude Picasso ( son ) José Ruiz y Blasco ( father ) Films about Visit to Picasso ( 1949 ) Guernica ( 1950 ) The Mystery of Picasso ( 1956 ) The Adventures of Picasso ( 1978 ) Surviving Picasso ( 1996 ) Picasso : Magic, Sex & Death ( 2001 ) Related Lump ( dog ) Carlos Casagemas Fundación Picasso Blanquita Suárez Theft of The Weeping Woman from the National Gallery of Victoria Picasso at the Lapin Agile ( 1993 play ) Modernism Milestones Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe ( 1862 - 63 ) Olympia ( 1863 ) A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte ( 1886 ) Mont Sainte - Victoir ( 1887 ) The Starry Night ( 1889 ) Ubu Roi ( 1896 ) Verklärte Nacht ( 1899 ) Le bonheur de vivre ( 1905 - 1906 ) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ) The Firebird ( 1910 ) Afternoon of a Faun ( 1912 ) Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 ( 1912 ) In Search of Lost Time ( 1913 -- 1927 ) The Metamorphosis ( 1915 ) Black Square ( 1915 ) Fountain ( 1917 ) The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari ( 1920 ) Six Characters in Search of an Author ( 1921 ) Ulysses ( 1922 ) The Waste Land ( 1922 ) The Magic Mountain ( 1924 ) Battleship Potemkin ( 1925 ) The Sun Also Rises ( 1926 ) The Threepenny Opera ( 1928 ) The Sound and the Fury ( 1929 ) Un Chien Andalou ( 1929 ) Villa Savoye ( 1931 ) The Blue Lotus ( 1936 ) Fallingwater ( 1936 ) Waiting for Godot ( 1953 ) Literature Guillaume Apollinaire Djuna Barnes Tadeusz Borowski André Breton Mikhail Bulgakov Anton Chekhov Joseph Conrad Alfred Döblin E.M. Forster William Faulkner Gustave Flaubert Ford Madox Ford André Gide Knut Hamsun Jaroslav Hašek Ernest Hemingway Hermann Hesse James Joyce Franz Kafka Arthur Koestler D.H. Lawrence Wyndham Lewis Thomas Mann Katherine Mansfield Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Guy de Maupassant Robert Musil Katherine Anne Porter Marcel Proust Gertrude Stein Italo Svevo Virginia Woolf Poetry Anna Akhmatova Richard Aldington W.H. Auden Charles Baudelaire Luca Caragiale Constantine P. Cavafy Blaise Cendrars Hart Crane H.D. Robert Desnos T.S. Eliot Paul Éluard Odysseas Elytis F.S. Flint Stefan George Max Jacob Federico García Lorca Amy Lowell Robert Lowell Mina Loy Stéphane Mallarmé Marianne Moore Wilfred Owen Octavio Paz Fernando Pessoa Ezra Pound Lionel Richard Rainer Maria Rilke Arthur Rimbaud Giorgos Seferis Wallace Stevens Dylan Thomas Tristan Tzara Paul Valéry William Carlos Williams W.B. Yeats Visual art Josef Albers Jean Arp Balthus George Bellows Umberto Boccioni Pierre Bonnard Georges Braque Constantin Brâncuși Alexander Calder Mary Cassatt Paul Cézanne Marc Chagall Giorgio de Chirico Camille Claudel Joseph Cornell Joseph Csaky Salvador Dalí Edgar Degas Raoul Dufy Willem de Kooning Robert Delaunay Charles Demuth Otto Dix Theo van Doesburg Marcel Duchamp James Ensor Max Ernst Jacob Epstein Paul Gauguin Alberto Giacometti Vincent van Gogh Natalia Goncharova Julio González Juan Gris George Grosz Raoul Hausmann Jacques Hérold Hannah Höch Edward Hopper Frida Kahlo Wassily Kandinsky Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Paul Klee Oskar Kokoschka Pyotr Konchalovsky André Lhote Fernand Léger Franz Marc Albert Marque Jean Marchand René Magritte Kazimir Malevich Édouard Manet Henri Matisse Colin McCahon Jean Metzinger Joan Miró Amedeo Modigliani Piet Mondrian Claude Monet Henry Moore Edvard Munch Emil Nolde Georgia O'Keeffe Méret Oppenheim Francis Picabia Pablo Picasso Camille Pissarro Man Ray Odilon Redon Pierre - Auguste Renoir Auguste Rodin Henri Rousseau Egon Schiele Georges Seurat Paul Signac Alfred Sisley Edward Steichen Alfred Stieglitz Henri de Toulouse - Lautrec Édouard Vuillard Grant Wood Music George Antheil Milton Babbitt Jean Barraqué Alban Berg Luciano Berio Nadia Boulanger Pierre Boulez John Cage Elliott Carter Aaron Copland Henry Cowell Henri Dutilleux Morton Feldman Henryk Górecki Josef Matthias Hauer Paul Hindemith Arthur Honegger Charles Ives Leoš Janáček György Ligeti Witold Lutosławski Olivier Messiaen Luigi Nono Harry Partch Krzysztof Penderecki Sergei Prokofiev Luigi Russolo Erik Satie Pierre Schaeffer Arnold Schoenberg Dmitri Shostakovich Richard Strauss Igor Stravinsky Edgard Varèse Anton Webern Kurt Weill Iannis Xenakis Theatre Edward Albee Maxwell Anderson Jean Anouilh Antonin Artaud Samuel Beckett Bertolt Brecht Anton Chekhov Friedrich Dürrenmatt Jean Genet Maxim Gorky Walter Hasenclever Henrik Ibsen William Inge Eugène Ionesco Alfred Jarry Georg Kaiser Maurice Maeterlinck Vladimir Mayakovsky Arthur Miller Seán O'Casey Eugene O'Neill John Osborne Luigi Pirandello Erwin Piscator George Bernard Shaw August Strindberg John Millington Synge Ernst Toller Frank Wedekind Thornton Wilder Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz Film Ingmar Bergman Anton Giulio Bragaglia Luis Buñuel Marcel Carné Charlie Chaplin René Clair Jean Cocteau Maya Deren Alexander Dovzhenko Carl Theodor Dreyer Viking Eggeling Sergei Eisenstein Jean Epstein Robert J. 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Murnau Georg Wilhelm Pabst Vsevolod Pudovkin Jean Renoir Walter Ruttmann Victor Sjöström Josef von Sternberg Dziga Vertov Jean Vigo Robert Wiene Dance George Balanchine Merce Cunningham Clotilde von Derp Sergei Diaghilev Isadora Duncan Michel Fokine Loie Fuller Martha Graham Hanya Holm Doris Humphrey Léonide Massine Vaslav Nijinsky Alwin Nikolais Alexander Sakharoff Ted Shawn Anna Sokolow Ruth St. Denis Helen Tamiris Charles Weidman Mary Wigman Architecture Alvar Aalto Marcel Breuer Gordon Bunshaft Antoni Gaudí Walter Gropius Hector Guimard Raymond Hood Victor Horta Friedensreich Hundertwasser Philip Johnson Louis Kahn Le Corbusier Adolf Loos Konstantin Melnikov Erich Mendelsohn Pier Luigi Nervi Richard Neutra Oscar Niemeyer Hans Poelzig Antonin Raymond Gerrit Rietveld Eero Saarinen Rudolf Steiner Edward Durell Stone Louis Sullivan Vladimir Tatlin Paul Troost Jørn Utzon Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Frank Lloyd Wright Related articles American modernism Armory Show Art Deco Art Nouveau Ashcan School Avant - garde Ballets Russes Bauhaus Buddhist modernism Constructivism Cubism Dada Degenerate art De Stijl Der Blaue Reiter Die Brücke Ecomodernism Expressionism Expressionist music Fauvism Fourth dimension in art Fourth dimension in literature Futurism Hanshinkan Modernism High modernism Imagism Impressionism International Style Late modernism Late modernity Lettrism List of art movements List of avant - garde artists List of modernist poets Lyrical abstraction Minimalism Modern art Modernity Neo-Dada Neo-primitivism New Objectivity Orphism Post-Impressionism Postminimalism Postmodernism Reactionary modernism Metamodernism Remodernism Romanticism Second Viennese School Structural film Surrealism Symbolism Synchromism Tonalism Warsaw Autumn Cubism Leaders Pablo Picasso Georges Braque Jean Metzinger Albert Gleizes Section d'Or Alexander Archipenko María Blanchard Constantin Brâncuși Joseph Csaky Robert Delaunay Marcel Duchamp Pierre Dumont Raymond Duchamp - Villon Henri le Fauconnier Roger de La Fresnaye Albert Gleizes Juan Gris Henri Hayden Auguste Herbin František Kupka Henri Laurens Fernand Léger Jacques Lipchitz André Lhote Jean Marchand Louis Marcoussis Jean Metzinger Francis Picabia Georges Ribemont - Dessaignes Jeanne Rij - Rousseau Diego Rivera Gino Severini Léopold Survage Tobeen Henry Valensi ( fr ) Georges Valmier Jacques Villon Paintings Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( Picasso ) Portrait of Daniel - Henry Kahnweiler ( Picasso ) Le goûter ( Metzinger ) La Femme au Cheval ( Metzinger ) Dancer in a café ( Metzinger ) L'Oiseau bleu ( Metzinger ) La Femme aux Phlox ( Gleizes ) Portrait of Jacques Nayral ( Gleizes ) Man on a Balcony ( Gleizes ) Les Baigneuses ( Gleizes ) The Cathedral ( Katedrála ) ( Kupka ) Sculptures Groupe de femmes ( Csaky ) Danseuse ( Csaky ) Influences Paul Cézanne Paul Gauguin Gustave Courbet Georges Seurat Paul Signac Neo-impressionism Pointillism Divisionism Symbolism ( arts ) Proto - Cubism Influenced Section d'Or Cubist sculpture Die Brücke Orphism ( art ) Abstract art Synchromism Tubism Futurism Purism Suprematism Dada Constructivism De Stijl Art Deco Related Du `` Cubisme '' ( 1912 book ) The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations ( 1913 book ) La Maison Cubiste See also Louis Vauxcelles ( critic ) Léonce Rosenberg Paul Rosenberg ( art dealer ) Daniel Robbins ( art historian ) VIAF : 15873 LCCN : n78086005 ISNI : 0000 0001 2275 5381 GND : 118594206 SELIBR : 211453 SUDOC : 027071790 BNF : cb11919660r ( data ) BIBSYS : 90058585 ULAN : 500009666 NLA : 35422161 NDL : 00452768 NKC : jn19990006541 ICCU : IT ICCU CFIV 051221 BNE : XX1637941 KulturNav : 13faee7d - 3700 - 4b8d - a3f2 - 1a92a3d56c88 RKD : 63276 IATH : w6g1618s PIC : 906 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&oldid=812265250 '' Categories : Pablo Picasso 1881 births 1973 deaths People from Málaga Spanish expatriates in France 19th - century Spanish painters 20th - century Spanish painters 20th - century sculptors Ballet designers Cubist artists French Communist Party members Lenin Peace Prize recipients Modern painters School of Paris Spanish atheists Spanish communists Spanish anti-fascists Spanish muralists Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War ( Republican faction ) Spanish potters Spanish sculptors Spanish people of Italian descent Child artists Directors of the Museo del Prado Painters of the Return to Order 1939 New York World 's Fair artists People of Montmartre Hidden categories : CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use British English Oxford spelling from March 2017 Use dmy dates from December 2013 Articles with hCards Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links Articles with Internet Archive links Interlanguage link template link number AC with 18 elements Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SBN identifiers Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - 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Question: who is pablo picasso and what did he do
Answer: Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[3][4] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.