Naja - wikipedia Naja For other uses, see Naja ( disambiguation ). Naja Temporal range : Miocene - Holocene Naja naja, Indian cobra Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Reptilia Order : Squamata Suborder : Serpentes Family : Elapidae Genus : Naja Laurenti, 1768 Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes known as cobras. Several other genera include species commonly called cobras ( for example the ring - necked spitting cobra and the king cobra ), but members of the genus Naja are the most widespread and the most widely recognized as `` true '' cobras. Various species occur in regions throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Until recently, the genus Naja had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera Boulengerina and Paranaja with Naja. According to that revision, the genus Naja now includes 32 species. Naja naja, Indian cobra Dissected head of Naja melanoleuca showing ( A ) the fangs and ( B ) the venom gland Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Venom 4 Taxonomy 4.1 Species 5 References 6 External links Etymology The origin of this genus name is from the Sanskrit nāga ( with a hard `` g '' ) meaning `` snake ''. Some hold that the Sanskrit word is cognate with English `` snake '', Germanic : * snēk - a -, Proto - IE : * ( s ) nēg - o -, but this is unlikely. Mayrhofer calls this etymology `` unglaubhaft ``, `` not credible '', and suggests a more plausible etymology connecting it with Sanskrit nanga, `` hairless, naked ''. Description Naja species vary in length and most are relatively slender - bodied snakes. Most species are capable of attaining lengths of 1.84 m ( 6.0 ft ). Maximum lengths for some of the larger species of cobras are around 3.1 m ( 10 ft ), with the forest cobra arguably being the longest species. All have a characteristic ability to raise the front quarters of their bodies off the ground and flatten their necks to appear larger to a potential predator. Venom Most venomous Naja species Rank Species LD SC N. oxiana 0.10 mg / kg N. philippinensis 0.14 mg / kg N. samarensis 0.21 mg / kg N. melanoleuca 0.225 mg / kg 5 N. siamensis 0.25 mg / kg 6 N. atra 0.28 mg / kg 7 N. naja 0.29 mg / kg 8 N. nivea 0.37 mg / kg 9 N. kaouthia 0.47 mg / kg 10 N. sumatrana 0.60 mg / kg All species in the genus Naja are capable of delivering a fatal bite to a human. Most species have strongly neurotoxic venom, which attacks the nervous system, causing paralysis, but many also have cytotoxic features which cause swelling and necrosis, and have a significant anticoagulant effect. Some also have cardiotoxic components to their venoms. Several Naja species, referred to as spitting cobras, have a specialized venom delivery mechanism, in which their front fangs, instead of releasing venom through the tips ( similar to a hypodermic needle ), have a rifled opening in the front surface which allows the snake to propel the venom out of the mouth. While typically referred to as `` spitting '', the action is more like squirting. The range and accuracy with which they can shoot their venom varies from species to species, but it is used primarily as a defense mechanism. Once sprayed onto a victim 's skin, the venom acts as a severe irritant. If it is introduced to the eye, it can cause a severe burning sensation and temporary or even permanent blindness if not cleaned out immediately and thoroughly. The Caspian cobra ( N. oxiana ) of Central Asia is the most venomous Naja species. The average subcutaneous LD for N. oxiana in mice is 0.18 mg / kg, and the lowest reported value for N. oxiana is 0.10 mg / kg subcutis. while N. philippinensis has an average murine LD of 0.2 mg / kg subcutis. The lowest value reported for N. philippinensis is 0.14 mg / kg subcutis. In mice, the intravenous LD for the Caspian cobra is 0.037 mg / kg, and for the Philippine cobra it is 0.05 mg / kg. The Caspian cobra is the most venomous species of cobras in the world ( to laboratory mice ). The crude venom of N. oxiana produced the lowest known lethal dose ( LCLo ) of 0.005 mg / kg, the lowest among all cobra species ever recorded, derived from an individual case of poisoning by intracerebroventricular injection. After the Caspian and Philippine cobras, the forest cobra ( N. melanoleuca ) has an LD of 0.225 mg / kg subcutis, followed by the Samar cobra ( N. samarensis ) which has a value of 0.23 mg / kg subcutis. The water cobras of central Africa are also highly venomous. The murine intraperitoneal LD of Naja annulata and Naja christyi venoms were 0.143 mg / kg and 0.120 mg / kg, respectively. The Naja species are a medically important group of snakes due to the number of bites and fatalities they cause across their geographical range. They range throughout Africa ( including some parts of the Sahara where Naja haje can be found ), Southwest Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Roughly 30 -- 40 % of bites by some cobra species are dry bites, thus do not cause envenomation ( a dry bite is a bite by venomous snake which does not inject venom ). Many factors influence the differences in cases of fatality among different species within the same genus. Among cobras, the cases of fatal outcome of bites in both treated and untreated victims can be quite large. For example, mortality rates among untreated cases of envenomation by the cobras as a whole group ranges from 6.5 -- 10 % for N kaouthia. to about 70 % for N. oxiana. Mortality rate for Naja atra is between 15 and 20 %, 5 -- 10 % for N. nigricollis, 50 % for N. nivea, 65 -- 70 % for N. melanoleuca, 20 -- 25 % for N. naja, and 50 -- 60 % for N. samarensis. In cases where victims of cobra bites are medically treated using normal treatment protocol for elapid type envenomation, differences in prognosis depend on the cobra species involved. The vast majority of envenomated patients treated make quick and complete recoveries, while other envenomated patients who receive similar treatment result in fatalities. The most important factors in the difference of mortality rates among victims envenomated by cobras is the severity of the bite and which cobra species caused the envenomation. The Caspian cobra ( N. oxiana ) and the Philippine cobra ( N. philippinensis ) are the two cobra species with the most toxic venoms based on LD studies on mice. Both species cause prominent neurotoxicity and progression of life - threatening symptoms following envenomation. Death has been reported in as little as 30 minutes in cases of envenomation by both species. N. philippinensis 's purely neurotoxic venom causes prominent neurotoxicity with minimal local tissue damage and pain and patients respond very well to antivenom therapy if treatment is administered rapidly after envenomation. Envenomation caused by N. oxiana is much more complicated. In addition to prominent neurotoxicity, very potent cytotoxic and cardiotoxic components are in this species ' venom. Local effects are marked and manifest in all cases of envenomation - severe pain, severe swelling, bruising, blistering, and tissue necrosis. Renal damage and cardiotoxicity are also clinical manifestations of envenomation caused by N. oxiana, though they are rare and secondary. The untreated mortality rate among those envenomed by N. oxiana approaches 80 %, the highest among all species within the genus Naja. Antivenom is not as effective for envenomation by this species as it is for other Asiatic cobras within the same region, like the Indian cobra ( N. naja ) and due to the dangerous toxicity of this species ' venom, massive amounts of antivenom are often required for patients. As a result, a monovalent antivenom serum is being developed by the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute in Iran. Response to treatment with antivenom is generally poor among patients, so mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation is required. As a result, mortality among those treated for N. oxiana envenomation is still relatively high ( up to 30 % ) compared to all other species of cobra ( < 1 % ). Taxonomy Naja ( Naja ) Naja ( Naja ) naja Naja ( Naja ) kaouthia Naja ( Naja ) atra Naja ( Naja ) mandalayensis Naja ( Naja ) siamensis Naja ( Naja ) sputatrix ( Afronaja ) Naja ( Afronaja ) pallida Naja ( Afronaja ) nubiae Naja ( Afronaja ) katiensis Naja ( Afronaja ) nigricollis Naja ( Afronaja ) ashei Naja ( Afronaja ) mossambica Naja ( Afronaja ) nigricincta ( Boulengerina ) Naja ( Boulengerina ) multifasciata Naja ( Boulengerina ) christyi Naja ( Boulengerina ) christyi Naja ( Boulengerina ) annulata Naja ( Boulengerina ) melanoleuca ( Uraeus ) Naja ( Uraeus ) nivea Naja ( Uraeus ) senegalensis Naja ( Uraeus ) haje Naja ( Uraeus ) arabica Naja ( Uraeus ) annulifera Naja ( Uraeus ) anchietae The genus contains several species complexes of closely related and often similar species, some of them only recently described or defined. Several recent taxonomic studies have revealed species not included in the current listing in ITIS : Naja anchietae ( Bocage, 1879 ), or Anchieta 's cobra, is regarded as a subspecies of N. haje by Mertens ( 1937 ) and of N. annulifera by Broadley ( 1995 ). It is regarded as a full species by Broadley and Wüster ( 2004 ). Naja arabica Scortecci, 1932, the Arabian cobra, has long been considered a subspecies of N. haje, but was recently raised to the status of species. Naja ashei Broadley and Wüster, 2007, Ashe 's spitting cobra, is a newly described species found in Africa. Naja nigricincta Bogert, 1940, was long regarded as a subspecies of N. nigricollis, but was recently found to be a full species ( with N. n. woodi as a subspecies ). Naja senegalensis Trape et al., 2009, is a new species encompassing what were previously considered to be the West African savanna populations of N. haje. Two recent molecular phylogenetic studies have also supported the incorporation of the species normally assigned to the genera Boulengerina and Paranaja into Naja, as both are closely related to the forest cobra ( Naja melanoleuca ). Wallach et al. suggested recognition of four subgenera within Naja : Naja for the Asiatic cobras, Boulengerina for the African forest, water and burrowing cobras, Uraeus for the Egyptian and Cape cobra group and Afronaja for the African spitting cobras. Species Species Authority Subsp. * Common name Geographic range N. anchietae Bocage, 1879 0 Anchieta 's cobra ( Angolan Cobra ) Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe N. annulata ( Buchholz and Peters, 1876 ) Banded water cobra Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and the province of Cabinda in Angola N. annulifera Peters, 1854 0 Snouted cobra Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe † N. antiqua Rage, 1976 0 Moroccan cobra Miocene - aged strata of Morocco N. arabica Scortecci, 1932 0 Arabian cobra Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen N. ashei Wüster and Broadley, 2007 0 Ashe 's spitting cobra ( giant spitting cobra ) Southern Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, eastern Uganda N. atra Cantor, 1842 0 Chinese cobra Southern China, northern Laos, Taiwan, northern Vietnam N. christyi ( Boulenger, 1904 ) 0 Congo water cobra Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, and in the province of Cabinda in Angola N. haje Linnaeus, 1758 0 Egyptian cobra Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan, Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt † N. iberica Szyndlar, 1985 Spanish cobra Miocene - aged strata of Spain N. kaouthia Lesson, 1831 0 Monocled cobra Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, southern China, eastern India, Laos, northwestern Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, southeastern Tibet, Vietnam N. katiensis Angel, 1922 0 Mali cobra ( Katian spitting cobra ) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Gambia, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo N. mandalayensis Slowinski & Wüster, 2000 0 Mandalay spitting cobra ( Burmese spitting cobra ) Burma N. melanoleuca Hallowell, 1857 0 Forest cobra Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Zaire ), Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tom'e, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe N. mossambica Peters, 1854 0 Mozambique spitting cobra Extreme southeastern Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, northeastern Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania ( including Pemba Island ), Zambia, Zimbabwe N. multifasciata Werner, 1902 0 Burrowing cobra Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Zaire ), Gabon N. naja ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) 0 Indian cobra ( spectacled cobra ) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka N. nigricincta Bogert, 1940 Zebra spitting cobra Angola, Namibia, South Africa N. nigricollis Reinhardt, 1843 0 Black - necked spitting cobra Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo ( except in the center ), Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Togo, Uganda, Zambia N. nivea ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) 0 Cape cobra ( yellow cobra ) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa N. nubiae Wüster & Broadley, 2003 0 Nubian spitting cobra Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Niger, Sudan N. oxiana ( Eichwald, 1831 ) 0 Caspian cobra Afghanistan, northwest India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan N. pallida Boulenger, 1896 0 Red spitting cobra Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania N. philippinensis Taylor, 1922 0 Philippine cobra Philippines ( Luzon, Mindoro ) † N. romani Hofstetter, 1939 0 † European cobra Miocene - aged strata of France, Germany, Austria, Romania, and Ukraine N. sagittifera Wall, 1913 0 Andaman cobra India ( Andaman Islands ) N. samarensis Peters, 1861 0 Samar cobra Philippines ( Mindanao, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Camiguin ) N. senegalensis Trape, Chirio & Wüster, 2009 0 Senegalese cobra Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal N. siamensis Laurenti, 1768 0 Indochinese spitting cobra Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam N. sputatrix F. Boie, 1827 0 Javan spitting cobra Indonesia ( Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, East Timor ) N. sumatrana Müller, 1887 0 Equatorial spitting cobra Brunei, Indonesia ( Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, Belitung ), Malaysia, Philippines ( Palawan ), southern Thailand, Singapore Naja Peroescobari Ceríaco, Marques, Schmitz & Bauer, 2017 0 Porto alegre, Island of São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe * Not including the nominate subspecies. Extinct. Type species. References ^ Jump up to : `` Naja ''. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 13 April 2008. ^ Jump up to : Wallach, Van ; Wüster, W ; Broadley, Donald G. ( 2009 ). `` In praise of subgenera : taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti ( Serpentes : Elapidae ) '' ( PDF ). Zootaxa. 2236 ( 1 ) : 26 -- 36. Jump up ^ `` Proto - IE : * ( s ) nēg - o -, Meaning : snake, Old Indian : nāgá - m. ' snake ', Germanic : * snēk - a - m., * snak - an - m., * snak - ō f. ; * snak - a - vb ''. Starling.rinet.ru. Jump up ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred ( 1996 ). Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag C. Winter. p. II. 33. ISBN 3 - 8253 - 4550 - 5. Jump up ^ `` Naja melanoleuca - General Details, Taxonomy and Biology, Venom, Clinical Effects, Treatment, First Aid, Antivenoms ''. WCH Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Queensland. Retrieved 17 December 2011. ^ Jump up to : Khare, AD ; Khole V ; Gade PR ( December 1992 ). `` Toxicities, LD50 prediction and in vivo neutralisation of some elapid and viperid venoms ''. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 30 ( 12 ) : 1158 -- 62. PMID 1294479. ^ Jump up to : Watt, G ; Theakston RD ; Hayes CG ; Yambao ML ; Sangalang R ; et al. ( 4 December 1986 ). `` Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras ( Naja naja philippinensis ). A placebo - controlled study ''. New England Journal of Medicine. 315 ( 23 ) : 1444 -- 8. doi : 10.1056 / NEJM198612043152303. PMID 3537783. ^ Jump up to : Brown, John H. ( 1973 ). Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, IL US : Charles C. Thomas. p. 81. ISBN 0 - 398 - 02808 - 7. ^ Jump up to : Minton, SA ( 1967 ). `` Paraspecific protection by elapid and sea snake antivenins ''. Toxicon. 5 ( 1 ) : 47 -- 55. doi : 10.1016 / 0041 - 0101 ( 67 ) 90118 - 3. ^ Jump up to : Zug, George R. ( 1996 ). Snakes in Question : The Smithsonian Answer Book. Washington D.C., US : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. ISBN 1 - 56098 - 648 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Minton, SA ( 1974 ). Venom diseases. Springfield, Ill : Thomas Publisher, Limited, Charles C. ISBN 978 - 0 - 398 - 03051 - 3. Jump up ^ Tan, N.H., Choy, S.K., Chin, K.M. and Gnanajothy, P. ( 1994 ). `` Cross-reactivity of monovalent and polyvalent Trimeresurus antivenoms with venoms from various species of Trimeresurus ( lance - headed pit viper ) snake ''. Toxicon. 32 : 849 -- 853. doi : 10.1016 / 0041 - 0101 ( 94 ) 90010 - 8. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Hauert, Jacques ; ichel Maire ; Alexandre Sussmann ; Dr. J. Pierre Bargetz ( July 1974 ). `` THE MAJOR LETHAL NEUROTOXIN OF THE VENOM OF NAJA NAJA PHILIPPINENSIS : Purification, physical and chemical properties, partial amino acid sequence ''. International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research. 6 ( 4 ) : 201 -- 222. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1399 - 3011.1974. tb02380. x. Retrieved 6 December 2013. Jump up ^ Lysz, Thomas W. ; Rosenberg, Philip ( May 1974 ). `` Convulsant activity of Naja naja oxiana venom and its phospholipase A component ''. Toxicon. 12 ( 3 ) : 253 -- 265. doi : 10.1016 / 0041 - 0101 ( 74 ) 90067 - 1. PMID 4458108. ^ Jump up to : Brown JH. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, Illinois : Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73 - 229. ISBN 0 - 398 - 02808 - 7. ^ Jump up to : Gopalkrishnakone, Chou, P., LM ( 1990 ). Snakes of Medical Importance ( Asia - Pacific Region ). Singapore : National University of Singapore. ISBN 9971 - 62 - 217 - 3. Jump up ^ Warrell, David A. `` Snake bite '' ( PDF ). Seminar. Lancet 2010 ( volume 375, issue 1 ). Retrieved 20 December 2011. Jump up ^ Norris MD, Robert L. ; Minton, Sherman A. ( 10 September 2013 ). `` Cobra Envenomation ''. Medscape. United States : Medscape. Retrieved 8 December 2013. Jump up ^ Solevilla, Rosalinda C ( 1997 ). `` A preliminary study of the toxic principles from the venom of Naja naja samarensis, Peters ''. Acta Manilana. 40 ( 0 ) : 1 -- 6. Jump up ^ Watt, G. ; Padre L ; Tuazon L ; Theakston RD ; Laughlin L. ( September 1988 ). `` Bites by the Philippine cobra ( Naja naja philippinensis ) : prominent neurotoxicity with minimal local signs ''. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 39 ( 3 ) : 306 -- 11. PMID 3177741. Jump up ^ `` Naja oxiana ''. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide. Retrieved 8 December 2013. Jump up ^ Latifi, Mahmoud ( 1984 ). Snakes of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles. ISBN 978 - 0 - 916984 - 22 - 9. Jump up ^ Broadley, D.G. ; Wüster, W. ( 2004 ). `` A review of the southern African ' non-spitting ' cobras ( Serpentes : Elapidae : Naja ) ''. African Journal of Herpetology. 53 : 101 -- 122. doi : 10.1080 / 21564574.2004. 9635504. Jump up ^ Naja anchietae at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 April 2007. ^ Jump up to : Trape, J. - F. ; Chirio, L. ; Broadley, D.G. ; Wüster, W. ( 2009 ). `` Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra ( Serpentes : Elapidae : Naja haje ) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa ''. Zootaxa. 2236 : 1 -- 25. Jump up ^ Wüster, W. ; Broadley, D.G. ( 2007 ). `` Get an eyeful of this : a new species of giant spitting cobra from eastern and north - eastern Africa ( Squamata : Serpentes : Elapidae : Naja ) ''. Zootaxa. 1532 : 51 -- 68. Jump up ^ Naja ashei at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 April 2007. ^ Jump up to : Wüster, W. ; Crookes, S. ; Ineich, I. ; Mane, Y. ; Pook, C.E. ; Trape, J. - F. ; Broadley, D.G. ( 2007 ). `` The phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences : evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spitting cobras ( Serpentes : Elapidae : Naja nigricollis complex ) ''. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 : 437 -- 453. doi : 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.07. 021. PMID 17870616. Jump up ^ Naja nigricincta at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 29 December 2008. Jump up ^ Nagy, Z.T., Vidal, N., Vences, M., Branch, W.R., Pauwels, O.S.G., Wink, M., Joger, U., 2005. Molecular systematics of African Colubroidea ( Squamata : Serpentes ). In : Huber, B.A., Sinclair, B.J., Lampe, K. - H. ( Eds. ), African Biodiversity : Molecules, Organisms, Ecosystems. Museum Koenig, Bonn, pp. 221 -- 228. Jump up ^ Zhao E, Adler K. 1993. Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 522 pp. LCCN 92 - 61941. ISBN 0 - 916984 - 28 - 1. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naja. Look up naja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Naja at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 April 2007. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naja&oldid=814037308 '' Categories : Elapidae Naja Snake genera Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2013 Articles with ' species ' microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Avañe'ẽ Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 贛 語 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kongo Kurdî Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Português Română Русский Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 December 2017, at 15 : 22. 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Question: naja naja is the scientific name of which reptile
Answer: Indian cobra