Zoonosis - wikipedia Zoonosis `` Zoonotic '' redirects here. For the television episode, see Zoonotic ( Law & Order : Criminal Intent ). Zoonosis Synonyms Zoönoses, zoonosis, zoönosis A dog with rabies. Pronunciation / ˌzoʊ. əˈnoʊsɪs / Specialty Infectious disease Zoonoses are infectious diseases of animals ( usually vertebrates ) that can naturally be transmitted to humans. Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses. HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now evolved to a separate human - only disease. Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of swine and bird flu are zoonoses ; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu. Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions. Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites ; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61 % were zoonotic. Most human diseases originated in animals ; however, only diseases that routinely involve animal to human transmission, like rabies, are considered direct zoonosis. Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from animals to humans through media such as air ( influenza ) or through bites and saliva ( rabies ). In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species ( referred to as a vector ), which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected. When humans infect animals, it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis. The term is from Greek : ζῷον zoon `` animal '' and νόσος nosos `` sickness ''. Contents 1 Causes 1.1 Contamination of food or water supply 1.2 Farming, ranching and animal husbandry 1.3 Wild animal attacks 1.4 Insect vectors 1.5 Pets 1.6 Exhibition 1.7 Hunting and bushmeat 1.8 Zoophilia 1.9 Secondary transmission 2 Lists of diseases 3 History 4 Use in vaccines 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links Causes Zoonotic transmission can occur in any context in which there is companionistic ( pets ), economic ( farming, etc. ), predatory ( hunting, butchering or consuming wild game ) or research contact with or consumption of animals, animal products, or animal derivatives ( vaccines, etc. ). Contamination of food or water supply The most significant zoonotic pathogens causing foodborne diseases are Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Campylobacter, Caliciviridae, and Salmonella. In 2006, a conference held in Berlin was focusing on the issue of zoonotic pathogen effects on food safety, urging governments to intervene, and the public to be vigilant towards the risks of catching food - borne diseases from farm - to - dining table. Many food outbreaks can be linked to zoonotic pathogens. Many different types of food can be contaminated that have an animal origin. Some common foods linked to zoonotic contaminations include eggs, seafood, meat, dairy, and even some vegetables. Food outbreaks should be handled in preparedness plans to prevent widespread outbreaks and to efficiently and effectively contain outbreaks. Farming, ranching and animal husbandry Contact with farm animals can lead to disease in farmers or others that come into contact with infected animals. Glanders primarily affects those who work closely with horses and donkeys. Close contact with cattle can lead to cutaneous anthrax infection, whereas inhalation anthrax infection is more common for workers in slaughterhouses, tanneries and wool mills. Close contact with sheep who have recently given birth can lead to clamydiosis, or enzootic abortion, in pregnant women, as well as an increased risk of Q fever, toxoplasmosis, and listeriosis in pregnant or the otherwise immunocompromised. Echinococcosis is caused by a tapeworm which can be spread from infected sheep by food or water contaminated with feces or wool. Bird flu is common in chickens. While rare in humans, the main public health worry is that a strain of bird flu will recombine with a human flu virus and cause a pandemic like the 1918 Spanish flu. In 2017, free range chickens in the UK were temporarily ordered to remain inside due to the threat of bird flu. Cattle are an important reservoir of cryptosporidiosis and mainly affects the immunocompromised. Wild animal attacks Rabies Insect vectors African sleeping sickness Dirofilariasis Eastern equine encephalitis Japanese encephalitis Saint Louis encephalitis Tularemia Venezuelan equine encephalitis West Nile fever Western equine encephalitis Zika fever Pets Further information : Feline zoonosis Pets can transmit a number of diseases. Dogs and cats are routinely vaccinated against rabies. Pets can also transmit ringworm and Giardia, which are endemic in both animal and human populations. Toxoplasmosis is a common infection of cats ; in humans it is a mild disease although it can be dangerous to pregnant women. Dirofilariasis is caused by Dirofilaria immitis through mosquitoes infected by mammals like dogs and cats. Cat - scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana from fleas which are endemic in cats. Toxocariasis is infection of humans of any of species of roundworm, including species specific to the dog ( Toxocara canis ) or the cat ( Toxocara cati ). Cryptosporidiosis can be spread to humans from pet lizards, such as the leopard gecko. Exhibition Outbreaks of zoonoses have been traced to human interaction with and exposure to animals at fairs, petting zoos, and other settings. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) issued an updated list of recommendations for preventing zoonosis transmission in public settings. The recommendations, developed in conjunction with the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, include educational responsibilities of venue operators, limiting public and animal contact, and animal care and management. Hunting and bushmeat HIV Zoophilia Further information : Zoophilia and health § Zoonoses acquired via sexual contact Secondary transmission Ebola and Marburg Lists of diseases Disease Pathogen ( s ) Animals involved Mode of transmission African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense range of wild animals and domestic livestock transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly Angiostrongyliasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus costaricensis rats, cotton rats consuming raw and / or undercooked snails, slugs, other mollusks, crustaceans, monitor lizards, frogs and unwashed vegetables contaminated with larvae Anisakiasis Anisakis whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, other marine animals eating raw and / or undercooked fish and squid contaminated with eggs Anthrax Bacillus anthracis commonly -- grazing herbivores such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and pigs by ingestion, inhalation or skin contact of spores Baylisascariasis Baylisascaris spp. raccoons, badgers, skunks, bears, pandas, fishers, martens, kinkajous, marmots ingestion of eggs in feces Bird flu Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 wild birds, domesticated birds such as chickens close contact Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Prions cattle eating infected meat Brucellosis Brucella spp. cattle, goats infected milk or meat Bubonic plague, Pneumonic plague, Septicemic plague Yersinia pestis rabbits, hares, rodents, ferrets, goats, sheep, camels flea bite Cat - scratch disease Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana cats bites or scratches from infected cats Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi armadillos, Triatominae ( kissing bug ) bite Clamydiosis / Enzootic abortion Chlamydophila abortus domestic livestock, particularly sheep close contact with postpartum ewes Variant Creutzfeldt -- Jakob disease PrP cattle eating meat from animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE ) Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans commonly -- birds like pigeons inhaling fungi Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium spp. cattle, dogs, cats, mice, pigs, horses, deer, sheep, goats, rabbits, leopard geckos, birds ingesting cysts from water contaminated with feces Cysticercosis and taeniasis Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata commonly -- pigs and cattle consuming water, soil or food contaminated with the tapeworm eggs ( cysticercosis ) or raw or undercooked pork contaminated with the cysticerci ( taeniasis ) Dirofilariasis Dirofilaria spp. dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals, cats, monkeys, raccoons, bears, muskrats, rabbits, leopards, sea lions, beavers, ferrets, reptiles mosquito bite Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus horses, donkeys, zebras, birds mosquito bite Ebola virus disease ( a haemorrhagic fever ) Ebolavirus spp. chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, shrews, forest antelope and porcupines through body fluids, organs and ticks Other haemorrhagic fevers ( Marburg viral haemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Crimean - Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever ) Varies -- commonly viruses varies ( sometimes unknown ) -- commonly camels, rabbits, hares, hedgehogs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses and swine infection usually occurs through direct contact with infected animals Echinococcosis Echinococcus spp. commonly -- dogs, foxes, jackals, wolves, coyotes, sheep, pigs, rodents ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated food or water with feces of an infected, definitive host and / or fur Foodborne illnesses ( commonly diarrheal diseases ) Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Shigella spp. and Trichinella spp. animals domesticated for food production ( cattle, poultry ) raw and / or undercooked food made from animals and unwashed vegetables contaminated with feces Gnathostomiasis Gnathostoma spp. dogs, minks, opossums, cats, lions, tigers, leopards, raccoons, poultry, other birds, frogs raw and / or undercooked fish or meat Giardiasis Giardia lamblia beavers, other rodents, raccoons, deer, cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, cats ingesting spores and cysts in food and water contaminated with feces Glanders Burkholderia mallei. horses, donkeys direct contact Hantavirus Hantavirus spp. deer mice, cotton rats and other rodents exposure to feces, urine, saliva or bodily fluids Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum birds, bats inhaling fungi in guano Influenza Influenza A virus horses, pigs, domestic and wild birds, wild aquatic mammals such as seals and whales, minks and farmed carnivores droplets transmitted through air Japanese encephalitis Japanese encephalitis virus pigs, water birds mosquito bite Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis armadillos, monkeys, rabbits, mice direct contact, including meat consumption. However, scientists believe most infections are spread human to human. Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans rats, mice, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, opossums, raccoons, mongooses, foxes, dogs direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi deer, wolves, dogs, birds, rodents, rabbits, hares, reptiles tick bite Orf Orf virus goats, sheep close contact Psittacosis Chlamydophila psittaci macaws, cockatiels, budgerigars, pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other bird species contact with bird droplets Q fever Coxiella burnetii livestock and other domestic animals such as dogs and cats inhalation of spores, contact with bodily fluid or faeces Rabies Rabies virus commonly -- dogs, bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, goats, sheep, wolves, coyotes, groundhogs, horses, opossums, mongooses and cats through saliva by biting, or through scratches from an infected animal Rat - bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus rats bites of rats but also urine and mucus secretions Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus livestock, buffaloes, camels mosquito bite, contact with bodily fluids, blood, tissues, breathing around butchered animals and / or raw milk Saint Louis encephalitis Saint Louis encephalitis virus birds mosquito bite Swine influenza any strain of the influenza virus endemic in pigs ( excludes H1N1 swine flu, which is a human virus ) pigs close contact Taenia crassiceps infection Taenia crassiceps wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes contact with soil contaminated with feces Toxocariasis Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati dogs, foxes, cats ingestion of eggs in soil, fresh or unwashed vegetables and / or undercooked meat Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii cats, livestock, poultry exposure to cat feces, organ transplantation, blood transfusion, contaminated soil, water, grass, unwashed vegetables, unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meat Trichinosis Trichinella spp. rodents, pigs, horses, bears, walruses, foxes, crocodiles, birds eating undercooked meat Tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle, deer, llamas, pigs, domestic cats, wild carnivores ( foxes, coyotes ) and omnivores ( possums, mustelids and rodents ) milk, exhaled air, sputum, urine, faeces and pus from infected animals Tularemia Francisella tularensis lagomorphs ( type A ) and rodents ( type B) ticks, deer flies, and other insects including mosquitoes West Nile fever Flavivirus birds, horses mosquito bite Zika fever Zika virus chimpanzees, monkeys, apes, baboons mosquito bite, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and sometimes bites of monkeys History During most of human prehistory groups of hunter - gatherers were probably very small. Such groups probably made contact with other such bands only rarely. Such isolation would have caused epidemic diseases to be restricted to any given local population, because propagation and expansion of epidemics depend on frequent contact with other individuals who have not yet developed an adequate immune response. To persist in such a population, a pathogen either had to be a chronic infection, staying present and potentially infectious in the infected host for long periods, or it had to have other additional species as reservoir where it can maintain itself until further susceptible hosts are contacted and infected. In fact, for many ' human ' diseases, the human is actually better viewed as an accidental or incidental victim and a dead - end host. Examples include rabies, anthrax, tularemia and West Nile virus. Thus, much of human exposure to infectious disease has been zoonotic. Many modern diseases, even epidemic diseases, started out as zoonotic diseases. It is hard to establish with certainty which diseases jumped from other animals to humans, but there is increasing evidence from DNA and RNA sequencing, that measles, smallpox, influenza, HIV, and diphtheria came to humans this way. Various forms of the common cold and tuberculosis also are adaptations of strains originating in other species. Zoonoses are of interest because they are often previously unrecognized diseases or have increased virulence in populations lacking immunity. The West Nile virus appeared in the United States in 1999 in the New York City area, and moved through the country in the summer of 2002, causing much distress. Bubonic plague is a zoonotic disease, as are salmonellosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Lyme disease. A major factor contributing to the appearance of new zoonotic pathogens in human populations is increased contact between humans and wildlife. This can be caused either by encroachment of human activity into wilderness areas or by movement of wild animals into areas of human activity. An example of this is the outbreak of Nipah virus in peninsular Malaysia in 1999, when intensive pig farming began on the habitat of infected fruit bats. Unidentified infection of the pigs amplified the force of infection, eventually transmitting the virus to farmers and causing 105 human deaths. Similarly, in recent times avian influenza and West Nile virus have spilled over into human populations probably due to interactions between the carrier host and domestic animals. Highly mobile animals such as bats and birds may present a greater risk of zoonotic transmission than other animals due to the ease with which they can move into areas of human habitation. Because they depend on the human host for part of their life - cycle, diseases such as African schistosomiasis, river blindness, and elephantiasis are not defined as zoonotic, even though they may depend on transmission by insects or other vectors. Use in vaccines The first vaccine against smallpox by Edward Jenner in 1800 was by infection of a zoonotic bovine virus which caused a disease called cowpox. Jenner had noticed that milkmaids were resistant to smallpox. Milkmaids contracted a milder version of the disease from infected cows that conferred cross immunity to the human disease. Jenner abstracted an infectious preparation of ' cowpox ' and subsequently used it to inoculate persons against smallpox. As a result, smallpox has been eradicated globally, and mass vaccination against this disease ceased in 1981. See also Conservation medicine Cross-species transmission Emerging infectious disease Foodborne illness Wildlife disease Veterinary medicine List of zoonotic primate viruses References Jump up ^ WHO. `` Zoonoses ''. Retrieved 18 December 2014. Jump up ^ The Merriam - Webster Dictionary. `` Zoonosis ''. Retrieved 18 December 2014. Jump up ^ Coral - Almeida, Marco ; Gabriël, Sarah ; Abatih, Emmanuel Nji ; Praet, Nicolas ; Benitez, Washington ; Dorny, Pierre ( 2015 - 07 - 06 ). `` Taenia solium Human Cysticercosis : A Systematic Review of Sero - epidemiological Data from Endemic Zones around the World ''. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 ( 7 ) : e0003919. doi : 10.1371 / journal. pntd. 0003919. ISSN 1935 - 2735. PMC 4493064. PMID 26147942. Jump up ^ Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse ME ( 2001 ). `` Risk factors for human disease emergence ''. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences. 356 ( 1411 ) : 983 -- 989. doi : 10.1098 / rstb. 2001.0888. PMC 1088493. PMID 11516376. Jump up ^ Marx PA, Apetrei C, Drucker E ( October 2004 ). `` AIDS as a zoonosis ? Confusion over the origin of the virus and the origin of the epidemics ''. Journal of medical primatology. 33 ( 5 -- 6 ) : 220 -- 6. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1600 - 0684.2004. 00078. x. PMID 15525322. Jump up ^ `` Zoonosis ''. Medical Dictionary. Retrieved 30 January 2013. Jump up ^ Messenger AM, Barnes AN, Gray GC ( 2014 ). `` Reverse zoonotic disease transmission ( zooanthroponosis ) : a systematic review of seldom - documented human biological threats to animals ''. PLoS ONE. 9 ( 2 ) : e89055. doi : 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0089055. PMC 3938448. PMID 24586500. Retrieved 18 December 2014. Jump up ^ Humphrey T, O'Brien S, Madsen M ( 2007 ). `` Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens : A food production perspective ''. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 117 ( 3 ) : 237 -- 257. doi : 10.1016 / j. ijfoodmicro. 2007.01. 006. PMID 17368847. Jump up ^ Cloeckaert A ( 2006 ). `` Introduction : emerging antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in the zoonotic foodborne pathogens Salmonella and Campylobacter ''. Microbes and Infection. 8 ( 7 ) : 1889 -- 1890. doi : 10.1016 / j. micinf. 2005.12. 024. PMID 16714136. Jump up ^ Frederick, A. Murphy ( 1999 ). `` The Threat Posed by the Global Emergence of Livestock, Food - borne, and Zoonotic Pathogens ''. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 894 : 20 -- 7. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1999. tb08039. x. PMID 10681965. Jump up ^ Med - Vet - Net. `` Priority Setting for Foodborne and Zoonotic Pathogens '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 5 April 2008. Jump up ^ `` Investigating Foodborne Outbreaks '' ( PDF ). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2013. Jump up ^ `` Inhalation Anthrax ''. www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 26. Jump up ^ `` Avian flu : Poultry to be allowed outside under new rules ''. BBC News. 2017 - 02 - 28. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 26. Jump up ^ Lassen, Brian ; Ståhl, Marie ; Enemark, Heidi L ( 2014 - 06 - 05 ). `` Cryptosporidiosis -- an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia ''. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 56 ( 1 ) : 36. doi : 10.1186 / 1751 - 0147 - 56 - 36. ISSN 0044 - 605X. PMC 4089559. PMID 24902957. Jump up ^ Prevention, CDC - Centers for Disease Control and. `` Toxoplasmosis - General Information - Pregnant Women ''. www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 01. Jump up ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( 2005 ). `` Compendium of Measures To Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2005 : National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, Inc. ( NASPHV ) '' ( PDF ). MMWR. 54 ( RR -- 4 ) : inclusive page numbers. Retrieved 28 December 2008. Jump up ^ Information in this table is largely compiled from : World Health Organization. `` Zoonoses and the Human - Animal - Ecosystems Interface ''. Retrieved 21 December 2014. Jump up ^ http://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/haemorrhagic_fevers/en/ ^ Jump up to : Clark, Laura. `` How Armadillos Can Spread Leprosy ''. Smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian.com. Retrieved 16 April 2017. Jump up ^ Shute, Nancy. `` Leprosy From An Armadillo ? That 's An Unlikely Peccadillo ''. NPR.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved 16 April 2017. Jump up ^ Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A ( 2009 ). `` Rodent - borne diseases and their risks for public health ''. Crit Rev Microbiol. 35 ( 3 ) : 221 -- 70. doi : 10.1080 / 10408410902989837. PMID 19548807. Jump up ^ Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD ( 2001 ). `` Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife ''. Acta tropica. 78 ( 2 ) : 103 -- 116. doi : 10.1016 / S0001 - 706X ( 00 ) 00179 - 0. PMID 11230820. Jump up ^ Field H, Young P, Yob JM, Mills J, Hall L, Mackenzie J ( 2001 ). `` The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses ''. Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur. 3 ( 4 ) : 307 -- 314. doi : 10.1016 / S1286 - 4579 ( 01 ) 01384 - 3. PMID 11334748. Bibliography Bardosh, K. One Health : Science, Politics and Zoonotic Disease in Africa. 2016. Routledge ; London, UK. ISBN 978 - 1 - 138 - 96148 - 7. H. Krauss, A. Weber, M. Appel, B. Enders, A. v. Graevenitz, H.D. Isenberg, H.G. Schiefer, W. Slenczka, H. Zahner : Zoonoses. Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans. 3rd Edition, 456 pages. ASM Press. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 2003. ISBN 1 - 55581 - 236 - 8. Jorge Guerra González ( 2010 ), Infection Risk and Limitation of Fundamental Rights by Animal - To - Human Transplantations. EU, Spanish and German Law with Special Consideration of English Law ( in German ), Hamburg : Verlag Dr. Kovac, ISBN 978 - 3 - 8300 - 4712 - 4 David Quammen ( 2013 ). Spillover : Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic. ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 34661 - 9. External links Classification V T D MeSH : D015047 DiseasesDB : 28555 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zoonoses. Look up zoonosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. AVMA Collections : Zoonosis Updates WHO tropical diseases and zoonoses Detection and Forensic Analysis of Wildlife and Zoonotic Disease Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease Infectious disease and microbiology Disciplines ( pathogens ) Major diseases Bacteriology ( bacteria ) Cholera Diphtheria Leprosy Syphilis Tuberculosis Virology ( viruses, prions ) AIDS Influenza Measles Polio Smallpox Mycology ( fungi ) Aspergillosis Candidiasis Tinea Parasitology ( protozoa, helminths ) Amoebic dysentery Hookworm Malaria Schistosomiasis Entomology ( ectoparasites ) Lice Scabies People Alexander Fleming Edward Jenner Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Related topics Antibiotics Eradication Pandemic Transmission horizontal vertical Vaccination Zoonosis Zoonotic viral diseases ( A80 -- B34, 042 -- 079 ) Arthropod - borne Mosquito - borne Bunyavirales Arbovirus encephalitides : La Crosse encephalitis LACV Batai virus ( BATV ) Bwamba Fever ( BWAV ) California encephalitis CEV Jamestown Canyon virus Tete virus Tahyna virus ( TAHV ) Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Rift Valley fever RVFV Bunyamwera fever ( BUNV ) Ngari virus ( NRIV ) Flaviviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Japanese encephalitis JEV Australian encephalitis MVEV KUNV Saint Louis encephalitis SLEV Usutu virus West Nile fever WNV Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Dengue fever DENV - 1 - 4 Yellow fever YFV Zika fever Zika virus Togaviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Eastern equine encephalomyelitis EEEV Western equine encephalomyelitis WEEV Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis VEEV Chikungunya CHIKV O'Nyong - nyong fever ONNV Ross River fever RRV Semliki Forest virus Sindbis fever Reoviridae Banna virus encephalitis Tick - borne Bunyavirales Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Crimean -- Congo hemorrhagic fever CCHFV Heartland virus Bhanja virus Sandfly fever Naples virus Lone Star virus Tete virus Flaviviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Tick - borne encephalitis TBEV Powassan encephalitis POWV Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Omsk hemorrhagic fever OHFV Kyasanur forest disease KFDV AHFV Langat virus ( LGTV ) Reoviridae Colorado tick fever CTFV Kemerovo tickborne viral fever Sandfly - borne Bunyavirales Adria virus ( ADRV ) Pappataci fever Toscana virus Sandfly fever Naples virus Oropouche fever Oropouche virus SFTS virus Rhabdoviridae Chandipura virus Mammal - borne Rodent - borne Arenaviridae Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Lassa fever LASV Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever GTOV Argentine hemorrhagic fever JUNV Brazilian hemorrhagic fever SABV Bolivian hemorrhagic fever MACV LUJV CHPV Bunyavirales Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome DOBV HTNV PUUV SEOV AMRV Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ANDV SNV Bat - borne Filoviridae Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Ebola virus disease BDBV EBOV SUDV TAFV Marburg virus disease MARV RAVV Rhabdoviridae Rabies ABLV MOKV DUVV LBV CHPV Paramyxoviridae Henipavirus encephalitis HeV NiV Primate - borne Herpesviridae Herpes B virus Retroviridae Simian foamy virus HTLV - 1 HTLV - 2 Poxviridae Tanapox Yaba monkey tumor virus Multiple vectors Rhabdoviridae Rabies RABV Mokola virus Poxviridae Monkeypox Tick - borne diseases and mite - borne diseases Bacterial infection ( all G - ) Rickettsiales Rocky Mountain spotted fever Ehrlichiosis ( Human granulocytic, Human monocytotropic, Human E. ewingii infection ) Boutonneuse fever Spirochaete Lyme disease Relapsing fever borreliosis Baggio -- Yoshinari syndrome Thiotrichales Tularemia Viral infection Colorado tick fever Tick - borne encephalitis Crimean - Congo hemorrhagic fever Omsk hemorrhagic fever Kyasanur Forest disease Powassan encephalitis Heartland virus Kemerovo tickborne viral fever Bhanja virus Protozoan infection Babesiosis Neurotoxin Tick paralysis General Tick infestation Vectors Ticks Ixodes : Ixodes scapularis Ixodes cornuatus Ixodes holocyclus Ixodes pacificus Ixodes ricinus Dermacentor : Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor andersoni Amblyomma : Amblyomma americanum Amblyomma cajennense Amblyomma triguttatum Ornithodoros : Ornithodoros moubata Ornithodoros hermsi Ornithodoros gurneyi other : Rhipicephalus sanguineus Mites Leptotrombidium deliense Liponyssoides sanguineus LCCN : sh85150001 GND : 4121949 - 1 BNF : cb119626189 ( data ) NDL : 00971020 BNE : XX528485 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoonosis&oldid=834380187 '' Categories : Zoonoses Animal diseases Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from December 2010 Infobox medical condition ( new ) CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Walon 中文 37 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018, at 12 : 31. 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Question: diseases carried from person to person through other hosts such as animals or insects are known as
Answer: Zoonoses