Koeberg nuclear power station - Wikipedia Koeberg nuclear power station Koeberg Nuclear Power Station Location of Koeberg Nuclear Power Station Country South Africa Location Western Cape Coordinates 33 ° 40 ′ 35.2 '' S 18 ° 25 ′ 55.37 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 33.676444 ° S 18.4320472 ° E ﻿ / - 33.676444 ; 18.4320472 Coordinates : 33 ° 40 ′ 35.2 '' S 18 ° 25 ′ 55.37 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 33.676444 ° S 18.4320472 ° E ﻿ / - 33.676444 ; 18.4320472 Status Operational Construction began 1976 Commission date 1984 Owner ( s ) Eskom Operator ( s ) Eskom Nuclear power station Reactor type PWR Reactor supplier Framatome Power generation Units operational 2 x 970 MW Nameplate capacity 1,940 MW Capacity factor 80.4 % Annual output 13,668 GW h Duynefontein Thyspunt Schulpfontein Brazil Bantamsklip Koeberg Koeberg in red with the other potential nuclear sites in blue Koeberg nuclear power station is a nuclear power station in South Africa It is currently the only one in the country, and the only one on the entire African continent. It is located 30 km north of Cape Town, near Melkbosstrand on the west coast of South Africa. Koeberg is owned and operated by the country 's only national electricity supplier, Eskom. The two reactors form the cornerstone of the South African nuclear program. Contents 1 Design 2 History 3 Post Fukushima Stress Tests 4 New Build 5 Opposition to Koeberg 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References Design Koeberg contains two pressurised water reactors based on a design by Framatome of France. Koeberg supplies power to the national grid so that over-capacity can be redistributed to the rest of the country on an as - needed basis. Fuel stock used within the reactor is enriched uranium dioxide pellets containing gadolinium, contained in fuel rods. Koeberg is rated at 1,860 MW, its average annual production is 13,668 GWh and it has two large turbine generators ( 2 × 970 MW ). Each reactor delivers 970 MW ( gross ) and is capable of delivering 930 MW ( net ) to the grid. The power station was constructed near Cape Town to be the sole provider of power in the Western Cape after fossil - fuel power stations were deemed too small and too expensive to be viable. Nuclear power was considered because it was more economical than transporting coal to the existing fossil - fuel power stations, and construction of new fossil - fuel power - stations, which would have required 300 m tall chimneys to comply with clean - air legislation. Athlone Power Station in the city was too small to provide Cape Town 's needs, and the Paarden Island power station ( itself too small ) has been demolished. Koeberg was one of the first nuclear power stations designed to be specifically resistant to earthquakes. The reactors at the Koeberg nuclear power station are built upon an aseismic raft designed -- on the basis of a mid-1970s hazard study - to withstand a magnitude 7 earthquake at a focal distance of about 10 km, 0.3 g zero period ground acceleration ( ZPGA ). The largest recorded earthquake in the Cape Town area has been 6.5 magnitude at Jan Biesjes Kraal in 1809. The reactor at Koeberg is cooled by cold water from the Atlantic Ocean pumped through an isolated circuit at 80 tons a second. Low and intermediate level waste from Koeberg is transported by road in steel and concrete containers to a rural disposal site at Vaalputs, 600 km away in the Kalahari Desert. The grounds of the nuclear station form a 22 km2 nature reserve open to the public containing more than 150 species of birds and half a dozen small mammal species. The power station was originally located outside the metropolitan area, whose growth has far exceeded expectations in the intervening 20 years, so that the power station is now close to suburban housing. The administration enforces maximum housing density regulations in case of evacuation, which precludes the construction of high rise buildings. History This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2010 ) Construction of the power station began in 1976, and Unit 1 was synchronized to the grid on 4 April 1984. Unit 2 followed on 25 July 1985. On 19 December 1982, Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the ANC attacked Koeberg while it was still under construction. Damage was estimated at R 500 million and the commissioning of the power station was put back by 18 months. In 2010, the bomber was identified as being Rodney Wilkinson. In August 2002 twelve Greenpeace activists obtained access to the station. Six of them scaled the wall to hang up an anti-nuclear protest banner. The twelve were arrested and fined. At the end of 2005, Koeberg started experiencing numerous technical difficulties. On 11 November 2005, a fault on a transmission busbar caused the reactor to go into safe mode, cutting supply to most of the Western Cape for about two hours. On 16 November a fire under a 400 kV transmission line caused the line to trip, causing severe voltage dips which resulted in Koeberg once again shutting down. Various parts of the Cape were left without electricity for hours at a time. On the evening of 23 November, a routine inspection of the backup safety system revealed a below - spec concentration of an important chemical, resulting in a controlled shutdown of the reactor. Due to the sufficiency of backup supply, major power cuts were not experienced until Friday 25 November, when the backup capacity began running out. At this point, rotational load shedding was employed, with customers being switched off in stages for most of the day. Koeberg was re-synchronised to the national grid on Saturday 26 November. On Sunday 25 December 2005, the generator of Unit 1 was damaged. While the generator was being powered up after scheduled refuelling and maintenance, a loose bolt, which was left inside the generator caused severe damage, forcing it to be shut down. Subsequent to the unexpected unavailability of Unit 1, Unit 2 was also brought down for scheduled refuelling, resulting in a severe shortage of supply to the Western Cape. This resulted in widespread load shedding in order to maintain the stability of the network. A replacement rotor for Unit 1 was shipped in from France and the unit was brought back into operation in May 2006. On 18 and 19 February 2006 large parts of the Western Cape again experienced blackouts due to a controlled shutdown of Koeberg. According to Eskom and the City of Cape Town, power cuts were to continue until 26 February 2006, however power supply problems continued beyond this date. The estimated economic losses due to the power cuts was over R 500 M as at February 2007, and was estimated to rise to possibly as high as R 2 billion. On 12 September 2010, 91 members of staff were contaminated with cobalt - 58 dust in an incident that appears confined to the station. Post Fukushima stress tests After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, seismic safety at Koeberg was reevaluated in conjunction with the IAEA. Although Koeberg was designed for 0.3 g zero period ground acceleration ( ZPGA ), a magnitude 7 earthquake, stress tests evaluated Koeberg against a 0.5 g ZPGA. Overall Koeberg found to be seismically robust and well designed, with some areas for attention and improvement that were highlighted. New build Duynefontein next door on the northern side of Koeberg is a proposed site for a new nuclear power station. Opposition to Koeberg South Africa 's nuclear industry has seen its fair share of opposition, chiefly from environmentalists concerned about safety issues such as radioactive waste, and anti-war activists concerned about nuclear proliferation and use of atomic weapons. Current campaigns against nuclear energy are being run by Earthlife Africa and Koeberg Alert. See also South Africa portal Energy portal Nuclear technology portal List of nuclear reactors List of power stations in South Africa Notes Jump up ^ `` U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Application for NRC Export or import License Amendment, Renewal, or Consent Request ( s ) '' ( PDF ). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. December 6, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Koeberg Nuclear Power Station ''. Eskom. Retrieved 14 May 2007. Jump up ^ `` Fact sheets with additional information '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` PRIS - Country Details ''. www.iaea.org. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 18. Jump up ^ `` CAPE TOWN EARTHQUAKES : REVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD '' ( PDF ). Conferences of the Institute. DISASTER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA ( DMISA ). Retrieved 7 January 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` SEISMIC STRESS TEST OF KOEBERG NPP ''. CKTI - Vibroseism Ltd. CKTI - Vibroseism Ltd. Retrieved 7 January 2015. Jump up ^ `` Koeberg can withstand quake, tsunami ''. News24. Media24. Retrieved 7 January 2015. Jump up ^ `` Generating Electricity At A Nuclear Power Station ''. Eskom. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` South African History Online ''. Retrieved 20 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` How we blew up Koeberg... and escaped on a bicycle ''. Jump up ^ `` History of MK ''. African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 April 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007. Jump up ^ Helen Bamford ( 11 March 2006 ). `` Koeberg : SA 's ill - starred nuclear power plant ''. Cape Argus. Retrieved 14 May 2007. Jump up ^ Beresford, David ( 2010 ). Truth is a Strange Fruit : A Personal Journey Through the Apartheid War. Jacana. ISBN 978 - 1 - 77009 - 902 - 9. Jump up ^ Jo - Anne Smetherham ( 25 August 2002 ). `` Greenpeace in the dock over Koeberg raid ''. Cape Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007. Jump up ^ SAPA ( 20 September 2010 ). `` Koeberg workers contaminated ''. News24. Retrieved 22 September 2010. Jump up ^ `` Revised Draft Environmental Impact Report ''. Retrieved 24 June 2015. Jump up ^ `` Nuclear Energy ''. Earthlife Africa. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Jump up ^ `` NATIONAL COALITION TO OPPOSE NUCLEAR EXPANSION IN SOUTH AFRICA ''. Coalition Against Nuclear Energy. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Jump up ^ `` Nuclear Waste ''. Koeberg Alert. Retrieved 29 February 2016. References Koeberg on the Eskom - Website Nuclear Tourist. Includes a picture. Koeberg details Evacuation modelling for Koeberg Google Map Satellite Image January 2006 Eskom media release on Koeberg 's problems. 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Question: why the koeberg power plant was built in the western cape
Answer: more economical