Colonial History of New Jersey - wikipedia Colonial History of New Jersey European colonization of New Jersey started soon after the 1609 exploration of its coast and bays by Sir Henry Hudson. Part of the state was settled by Dutch and Swedish as New Netherland and New Sweden. In 1664, the entire area was surrendered to the English, and given its name. With of the Treaty of Westminster in 1674, they formally gained control of the region until the American Revolution. Contents 1 Pre-colonial population 2 New Netherland 3 New Sweden 4 English takeover 5 Royal Colony 5.1 Division into East and West 6 Religion 6.1 Dutch Reformed Church 6.2 Religious Society of Friends 6.3 Baptists 6.4 Episcopal Churches 7 Slavery 8 Architecture 9 Schools 10 Continental Congress 11 Revolutionary War 12 See also 13 Notes and references 14 Other sources 15 External links 16 Further reading Pre-colonial population Main article : Lenape Further information : Great Trail, Lenape Trail, Minisink Archeological Site, and Abbott Farm Historic District A wave of migrants entered the region from the west sometime after 13,000 years ago, and left behind advanced hunting implements such as bows and arrows and evidence of an agricultural society. The region has probably been continually inhabited from that time. At the time of the European colonialization, the area of Lenape settlement, which they called Scheyichbi ( see : Unami language ), encompassed the valleys of the lower Hudson River and the Delaware River, and the area in between, what is now known as the U.S. state of New Jersey ; exonyms given to the different groups by the colonizing population were taken from geographic names of Native American settlements that included the Hackensack tribe, the Tappan tribe, and the Acquackanonk tribe in the northeast, the Raritan tribe, and the Navesink tribe in the center. New Netherland Map ( c1639 ) Manhattan situated on the North Rivier with numbered key showing settlements : 27. Farm of Van Vorst ; 28. v ( sic ) : 29. Farm of Evertsen ; 30. Plantation at Lacher 's Hook ; 31. Plantation at Paulus Hook ; 32. Plantation of Maerytensen on west bank of North River. The relative location of the New Netherland and New Sweden in eastern North America. Main article : Bergen, New Netherland See also : List of Bergen, New Netherland placename etymologies Dutch settlement in the seventeenth century concentrated along the banks of the North River and the Upper New York Bay, though they maintained factorijs along the Delaware River as well. Although the Lenape did not recognize the European principle of land ownership, Dutch policy required formal purchase of all land settled. The settlement grew slowly, impeded by Willem Kieft 's mismanagement. In 1658, the last Director - General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, `` re-purchased '' the entire peninsula known as Bergen Neck, and in 1661 granted a charter to the village at Bergen, establishing the oldest municipality in the state. New Sweden Further information : New Sweden New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz ( 1643 -- 1653 ). Led by Printz, the settlement extended as far north as Fort Christina ( on both sides of the Delaware River ). He helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, which is now near Salem, on the east side of the Delaware River. Swedesboro and Bridgeport were founded as part of the colony. In 1655, the Dutch asserted control over the territory. English takeover Italian navigator John Cabot left England in 1496 to explore North America. The English claimed that New Netherland was part of Cabot 's discoveries, prior to Hudson. Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the English granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey, who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. In September 1664, an English fleet under the command of Richard Nicolls sailed into what is now New York Harbor and under threat of attack, forced the provisional surrender of the colony by the Dutch. The English received little resistance due to West India Company 's decision not to garrison the colony. Nicolls took the position of deputy - governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, guaranteeing colonists ' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. Within six years, the nations were again at war, and in August 1673 the Dutch recaptured New Netherland with a fleet of 21 ships. Nevertheless, in November 1674, the Dutch Treaty of Westminster concluded the war and ceded New Netherland to the English. Royal colony Main article : Province of New Jersey See also : Province of New York and Dominion of New England Charles II gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York ( later King James II ), which was renamed New York. Soon thereafter James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War : Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. That part of New Netherland was named New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey. The two proprietors of New Jersey attempted to entice more settlers to move to New Jersey by granting sections of lands to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement, a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey ; under the British Church of England there was no such religious freedom. In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. Land grants made in connection to the importation of slaves were another enticement for settlers. Philip Carteret was appointed by the two proprietors as the first governor of New Jersey. Philip Carteret designated Bergen as the first capital of the colony. However, it became difficult for the two proprietors to collect the quitrents. As a result, on March 18, 1673 Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to the Quakers. Division into East and West Further information : Border between West Jersey and East Jersey and Quintipartite Deed The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe and Barclay line is shown in orange. With this sale, New Jersey was divided into East Jersey and West Jersey, two distinct provinces of the proprietary colony. The political division existed for the 26 years between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute, as was the border with New York. The border between the two sides reached the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Atlantic City. The border line was created by George Keith, and can still be seen in the county boundaries between Monmouth and Burlington / Mercer Counties ; Burlington and Ocean Counties ; and Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, reaching upward to a point on the Delaware River which is just north of the Delaware Water Gap. The border was often disputed, so with the 1676 Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made to resolve property disputes. This resulted in the Thornton line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. Religion See also : Catholic Church in the Thirteen Colonies Dutch Reformed Church Old Bergen Church Hackensack Schraalenburgh North Church After the final transfer of power to the English, New Netherlanders and their descendents spread across East Jersey and established many of the towns and cities which exist today. The Dutch Reformed Church played an important role this expansion Following the course of the Hudson River in the north to the Raritan River in the south, settlement and population grew along what George Washington called the `` Dutch Belt ''. The American classis secured a charter in 1766 for Queens College ( now Rutgers University ), where the appointment in 1784 of John Henry Livingston as professor of theology marked the beginning of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. Year Congregation 1660 Bergen at Bergen Square, now Jersey City 1693 Acquackanonk in Passaic 1694 Tappan 1696 Hackensack 1699 Brick in Marlboro 1700 Second River in Belleville 1703 Six Mile Run 1710 Ponds in Oakland 1717 New Brunswick 1720 Fairfield 1724 Schraalenburgh now Dumont 1725 Paramus now Ridgewood 1727 Harlingen 1736 Pompton Plains 1740 Ramopock in Mahwah 1755 Totowa in Paterson 1756 Montivlle 1770 Ridgefield in the English Neighborhood Religious Society of Friends Seaville Trenton Quakers first settled in what is now Monmouth County as early as 1664. They established the first Quaker meeting in Shrewsbury ( now Little Silver ) in 1665. A meeting house built in 1672 was visited by George Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends, the same year. ( This meeting house was replaced by the present meeting house in 1816 ) Much of West Jersey was settled by Quakers who established congregations and founded towns throughout the region, including eponymous Quakertown in 1744. Among the meeting houses built in the colonial era are : Year Locale Year Seaville Friends Meeting House Seaville 1716 Woodbury Friends ' Meetinghouse Woodbury c. 1715 Bordentown Friends Meetinghouse Bordentown 1740 Smith Friends Meetinghouse Harmony 1753 Alloways Creek Friends Meetinghouse Hancock 's Bridge 1756 Dover Friends Meetinghouse Dover 1758 Evesham Friends Meeting House Mount Laurel 1760 Greenwich Friends Meetinghouse Greenwich 1771 Salem Friends Meetinghouse Salem 1773 Chesterfields Friends Meetinghouse Crosswicks 1773 Arney 's Mount Friends Meetinghouse Pemberton 1775 Copenney Friends Meetinghouse 1775 Trenton Friends Meeting House Trenton 1776 Baptists Church Locale Year Upper Meeting House of the Baptist Church of Middletown 1688 Cohansey Baptist Church Roadstown, west of Bridgetown 1683 / 1690 Stelton Baptist Church Piscataway Township, later Edison 1689 Ye Olde Yellow Meeting House Imlaystown 1720 Episcopal Churches Church Locale Year St. Peter 's Episcopal Church Perth Amboy 1685 St. Mary 's Episcopal Church Burlington 1703 St. John 's Episcopal Church Elizabeth 1706 Slavery Main article : History of slavery in New Jersey In 1804, New Jersey enacted a law providing for the gradual abolition of slavery. With the passage of this law, all states north of the `` Mason -- Dixon line '' ( the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania ) had abolished or provided for the gradual abolition of slavery within their boundaries. Architecture Main article : List of the oldest buildings in New Jersey There are numerous extant buildings from the colonial era located throughout the state. Schools The oldest continuously used school site in the state was established in 1664 at Bergen Square, in today 's Jersey City. Two Colonial Colleges were founded in the Province. In 1746, The College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening `` New Lighters '' that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr, Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. In 1756, the school moved to Princeton. In 1766, Queens College ( now Rutgers University ) was founded in New Brunswick by Dutch Reformed ministers with a Royal Charter from George III. The college was named after his wife Queen Charlotte. Rutgers Preparatory School was founded in 1766. The Newark Academy was founded in 1774. Continental Congress Representatives from New Jersey participated in the Continental Congress before and after the Declaration of Independence. Main article : List of delegates to the Continental Congress Revolutionary war Main article : New Jersey in the American Revolution Many major battles were fought in New Jersey during the American Revolution, making it pivotal in the ultimate victory of the American colonists. The important role earned it the titles of `` Crossroads of the Revolution '' and the `` Capital of the Revolution ''. See also Director - General of New Netherland List of colonial governors of New Jersey British colonization of the Americas Toponymy of Bergen, New Netherland Notes and references Jump up ^ Scheyichbi Stockton, Frank R. `` How Scheyichbi Really Became New Jersey ''. www.readbookonline.net/. Retrieved 2012 - 02 - 25. Jump up ^ Ruttenber, E.M. ( 2001 ). Indian Tribes of Hudson 's River ( 3rd ed. ). Hope Farm Press. ISBN 0 - 910746 - 98 - 2. Jump up ^ Shorto, Russell ( 2004 ) The Island at the Center of the World : The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Colony that Shaped America ( New York : Random House ) ISBN 1 - 4000 - 7867 - 9. Jump up ^ NJCU : Jersey City A to Z : Bergen Archived 2008 - 09 - 15 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ A Brief History of New Sweden in America ( they killed all ) Archived 2005 - 12 - 11 at the Wayback Machine., retrieved December 16, 2005 Jump up ^ `` GLOUCESTER COUNTY NJ - Swedesboro and Woolwich History ''. searchroots.com. Jump up ^ Shorto, Russell ( 2004 ). The Island at the Center of the World : The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the stupid Colony that Shaped America ( New York : Random House ) ISBN 1 - 4000 - 7867 - 9. Jump up ^ `` A Brief Outline of Dutch History and the New Netherland Colony ''. nd.edu. Jump up ^ Westdorp, Martina. `` Behouden of opgeven ? Het lot van de nederlandse kolonie Nieuw - Nederland na de herovering op de Engelsen in 1673 ''. De wereld van Peter Stuyvesant ( in Dutch ). Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 30. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 01. Jump up ^ The Duke of York 's Release to John Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, 24th of June, 1664 Jump up ^ `` Slavery in New Jersey ''. slavenorth.com. Jump up ^ Elizabeth, New Jersey was not named after Queen Elizabeth I, but rather after the wife of Sir George Carteret, and was founded in 1664. Jump up ^ Streissguth, Thomas ( 2002 ). ( New Jersey. San Diego : Lucent Books, Inc. ) ISBN 1 - 56006 - 872 - 8. pp. 24 -- 28 Jump up ^ Surrender from the Proprietors of East and West New Jersey, of Their Pretended Right of Government to Her Majesty Archived 2005 - 12 - 08 at the Wayback Machine. by The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, retrieved December 15, 2005. Jump up ^ `` Council of Proprietors of West Jersey ''. westjersey.org. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Schaff, Philip ; The New Schaff - Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge Jump up ^ * Lucas Litchenberg, De Nieuwe Wereld van Peter Stuyvesant : Nederlandse voetsporen in de Verenigde Staten, ISBN 90 - 5018 - 426 - X, NUGI 470, Uitgeverij Balans, 1999 ^ Jump up to : `` New Jersey Historical Society ''. jerseyhistory.org. Jump up ^ `` Tappan : A Walk Through History ''. tappantown.org. Jump up ^ `` Hackensack First Reformed ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ http://www.oldbrickchurch.org/history.html Jump up ^ `` Belleville Second Reformed ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ `` Six Mile Run ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 07 - 28. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Ponds Reformed Church - Oakland, NJ ''. pondsreformedchurch.org. Jump up ^ `` First Reformed Church ''. firstreformedchurch.net. Archived from the original on 2012 - 07 - 07. Jump up ^ `` Ridgewood Old Paramus Reformed ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ `` Harlingen Church ''. harlingenchurch. Jump up ^ `` Pompton Plains Reformed ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ Rauchfuss, William H. ( September 1, 1930 ). `` The Reformed Dutch Churches of Paterson ''. Passaic County Historical Publication. Retrieved June 4, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Ridgefield English NeighborhoodReformed ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ Beck, Henry Charleton, Tales and Towns of Northern New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0 - 8135 - 1019 - 8 Jump up ^ `` Seaville Friends ''. Oldest Quaker Meeting House in New Jersey, Seaville, New Jersey. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM5X3Z. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. External link in publisher = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Bordentown Friends ''. New Jersey Churchscape. www.njchurchscape.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Smith Friends Meetinghouse ''. New Jersey Churchscape. www.njchurchscape.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Greenwich Orthodox Friends ''. New Jersey Churcscape. www.njchurchscape.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Salem Friends ''. New Jersey Churchscape. www.njchurchscape.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Chesterfield Friends ''. New Jersey Churchscape. www.njchurchscape.com. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Copenny Friends ''. njchurchscape.com. Jump up ^ http://baptisthistoryhomepage.com/new.jersey.history.tbe.html ^ Jump up to : `` Excerpts from History of the First Baptist Church of Piscataway ''. anamericanfamilyhistory.com. Jump up ^ `` Ye Olde Yellow Meeting House - New Jersey Historical Markers on Waymarking.com ''. waymarking.com. Jump up ^ `` History ''. stpetersepiscopal.com. Jump up ^ Arthur Zilversmit, `` Liberty and Property : New Jersey and the Abolition of Slavery, '' New Jersey History, Dec. 1970, Vol. 88 Issue 4, pp. 215 - 226. Jump up ^ There has been a school at the northeast corner of Bergen Square since 1664. See `` Walking Tour of the Bergen Square ''. Archived from the original on 2016 - 06 - 17. Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 03. On the northeast corner of Bergen Square stands P.S. 11 ( Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. School ). In 1664 the first schoolhouse was built on this lot. From 1790 to 1857 the Columbia Academy stood here until it was replaced by the first of three public schools. Other sources Ward, Christopher L. The Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware, 1609 - 64 ( University of Pennsylvania. 1930 ) Leiby, A.C. The Early Dutch and Swedish Settlers of New Jersey ( Princeton : D. Van Nostrand Co. 1964 ) External links New Jersey Emigration and Immigration New Jersey City University : Chronology of History of New Jersey New Jersey Further reading Klett, Joseph R. ( 2008 ). `` Using the Record and the East and West Jersey Proproprietors '' ( PDF ). New Jersey State Archives. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2012 - 01 - 26. Wacker, Peter A. `` New Jersey 's Cultural Resources : 1660 - 1810 '' ( PDF ). www.nj.gov : 199 -- 219. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 25. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonial_history_of_New_Jersey&oldid=856966854 '' Categories : Pre-statehood history of New Jersey History of the Thirteen Colonies Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 Dutch - language sources ( nl ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 errors : external links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 28 August 2018, at 17 : 47 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: when was the colony of new jersey founded
Answer: 1674