Gastric mucosa - wikipedia Gastric mucosa hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article 's lead section may be too long for the length of the article. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Please read the layout guide and lead section guidelines to ensure the section will still be inclusive of all essential details. Please discuss this issue on the article 's talk page. ( July 2017 ) This article should be divided into sections by topic, to make it more accessible. Please help by adding section headings in accordance with Wikipedia 's Manual of Style. ( July 2017 ) mucus Stomach Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. X 45. c. Cardiac glands. d. Their ducts. cr. Gland similar to the intestinal glands, with goblet cells. mm. Mucous membrane. m. Muscularis mucosæ. m '. Muscular tissue within the mucous membrane. Details Identifiers Latin mucous MeSH D005753 TA A05. 5.01. 027 FMA 14907 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) Diagram of alkaline Mucous layer in stomach with mucosal defense mechanisms The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish - brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel - like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands : cardiac glands ( in the proximal part of the stomach ), fundic ( oxyntic ) glands ( the dominating type of gland ), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus - producing cells called foveolar cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogenic ( chief ) cells that produce pepsinogen ( an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme ). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells ; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus - secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in throughout the gastric mucosa. The pyloric glands contain gastrin - producing cells ( G cells ) ; this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. Enterochromaffin - like cells ( ECLs ), found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium. This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. An important iodine concentration by sodium - iodide symporter ( NIS ) is present in mucinous cells of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach. Contents 1 Pathology 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Pathology Gastritis Acute gastritis Chronic gastritis Gastric tumors See also Enterochromaffin - like cell Foveolar cell Gastric chief cell Parietal cell References This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1166 of the 20th edition of Gray 's Anatomy ( 1918 ) Jump up ^ Logothetopoulos JH ; Myant NB ( 1956 ). `` Concentration of radioiodine and S - 35 - labeled thiocyanate by stomach of the hamster ''. J Physiol. 133 : 213 -- 219. doi : 10.1113 / jphysiol. 1956. sp005579. PMC 1359150. Jump up ^ Dohán O, De la Vieja A, Paroder V, et al. ( 2003 ). `` The sodium / iodide Symporter ( NIS ) : characterization, regulation, and medical significance ''. Endocr. Rev. 24 ( 1 ) : 48 -- 77. doi : 10.1210 / er. 2001 - 0029. PMID 12588808. External links Histology image : 11301loa -- Histology Learning System at Boston University Diagram at gerd.com Histology at ucsd.edu Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the mouth Upper Pharynx Muscles Spaces peripharyngeal retropharyngeal parapharyngeal retrovisceral danger prevertebral Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Piriform sinus Esophagus Sphincters upper lower glands Stomach Curvatures greater lesser Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus antrum canal sphincter Gastric mucosa Gastric folds Microanatomy Gastric pits Gastric glands Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Foveolar cell Parietal cell Gastric chief cell Enterochromaffin - like cell Lower Small intestine Microanatomy Intestinal villus Intestinal gland Enterocyte Enteroendocrine cell Goblet cell Paneth cell Duodenum Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner 's glands Jejunum No substructures Ileum Ileocecal valve Peyer 's patches Microfold cell Large intestine Cecum Appendix Colon Ascending colon Hepatic flexure Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix Rectum Transverse folds Ampulla Anal canal Anus Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Internal anal sphincter Intersphincteric groove External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Anatomy portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gastric_mucosa&oldid=841448169 '' Categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray 's Anatomy ( 1918 ) Stomach Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties Wikipedia introduction cleanup from July 2017 All pages needing cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2017 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Articles needing sections from July 2017 All articles needing sections Articles with multiple maintenance issues Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Galego Nederlands 日本 語 Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 15 May 2018, at 22 : 24. 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Question: the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa secrete
Answer: hydrochloric acid