Nations of Nineteen Eighty - Four - wikipedia Nations of Nineteen Eighty - Four hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot. ( February 2014 ) This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. ( February 2014 ) Oceania is coloured in pink, Eurasia is orange and Eastasia is green on the fictitious 1984 world map. The `` disputed area '' rests roughly between the dotted lines. Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia are the three fictional superstates in George Orwell 's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty - Four. How the world evolved into the three states is vague. They appear to have emerged from nuclear warfare and civil dissolution over 20 years between 1945, the end of World War II, and 1965. Eurasia was likely formed first, followed closely afterwards by Oceania, with Eastasia emerging a decade later, possibly in the 1960s. Contents 1 Oceania 2 Eurasia 3 Eastasia 4 Disputed area 5 International relations 6 Ambiguity 7 Notes Oceania Oceania is the superstate in which protagonist Winston Smith dwells. It is believed to be composed of the Americas, the British Isles ( called `` Airstrip One '' in the novel ), Iceland, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, and Southern Africa below the River Congo. It also controls, to different degrees and at various times during the course of its perpetual war with either Eurasia or Eastasia, the polar regions, India, Indonesia, and the islands of the Pacific. Oceania lacks a single capital city, but London and apparently New York City may be regional capitals. In the novel, Emmanuel Goldstein, Oceania 's declared public enemy number one, describes it in the fictional book The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism as a result of the United States having absorbed the British Empire. Goldstein 's book also states that Oceania 's primary natural barrier is the sea surrounding it. The ruling doctrine of Oceania is Ingsoc, the Newspeak neologism for English Socialism. Its nominal leader is Big Brother, believed by the masses to have been the leader of the revolution and still used as an icon by the Party. The cult of personality is maintained through Big Brother 's function as a focal point for love, fear, and reverence, more easily felt towards an individual than towards an organization. The unofficial language of Oceania is English ( officially called Oldspeak ), and the official language is Newspeak. The restructuring of the language is intended to eliminate unorthodox political and social thought by eliminating the words needed to express it. The society of Oceania is sharply stratified into three groups : the small ruling Inner Party, the more - numerous and highly indoctrinated Outer Party, and the large body of politically - meaningless Proles. Apart from exceptions such as Hate Week, the proles remain essentially outside Oceania 's political control and are placated by trivial sports and other entertainment : the Thought Police manage any Proles who are socially aware enough to be a problem. Oceania 's national anthem is Oceania, Tis For Thee, which, in one of the three film versions of the book, takes the form of a crescendo of organ music along with operatic lyrics. The lyrics are sung in English, and the song is reminiscent of God Save the Queen and My Country, ' Tis of Thee. Even the names of countries, and their shapes on the map, had been different. Airstrip One, for instance, had not been so called in those days : it had been called England, or Britain, though London, he felt fairly certain, had always been called London. Like the rest of Europe, Britain was hit by atomic weapons in the conflicts before the revolutions in Oceania and then elsewhere. One British town, Colchester, is referenced specifically as having been destroyed ; flashbacks to Smith 's childhood also include scenes of Londoners taking refuge in the London Underground tunnels in the midst of the bombing. Eurasia It is stated that Eurasia was formed when the Soviet Union annexed the rest of Continental Europe, creating a single polity stretching from Portugal to the Bering Strait. Orwell frequently describes the face of the standard Eurasian as `` mongolic '' in the novel. The only soldiers other than Oceanians to appear in the novel are the Eurasians. When a large number of captured soldiers are executed in Victory Square, some Slavs are mentioned, but the stereotype of the Eurasian maintained by the Party is Mongoloid, like O'Brien 's servant, Martin. This implies that the Party uses racism to avert sympathy towards an enemy, selectively parading Central Asian troops in front of the Oceanians. According to Goldstein 's book, Eurasia 's main natural defence is its vast territorial extent, while the ruling ideology of Eurasia is identified as `` Neo-Bolshevism '', a variation of the Oceanian `` Ingsoc ''. Eastasia Eastasia 's borders are not as clearly defined as those of the other two superstates, but it is known that they encompass most of modern - day Mainland China and Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Eastasia repeatedly captures and loses Indonesia, New Guinea, and the various Pacific archipelagos. Its political ideology is, according to the novel, `` called by a Chinese name usually translated as Death - worship, but perhaps better rendered as ' Obliteration of the Self ' ''. Orwell does not appear to have based this on any existing Chinese word or phrase. Not much information about Eastasia is given in the book. It is known that it is the newest and smallest of the three superstates. According to Goldstein 's book, it emerged a decade after the establishment of the other two superstates, placing it somewhere in the 1960s, after years of `` confused fighting '' among its predecessor nations. It is also said in the book that the industriousness and the fecundity of the people of Eastasia allow them to overcome their territorial inadequacy in comparison to the other two powers. At the time Orwell wrote the book, East Asians, including the Japanese, all had birth rates higher than those of Europeans. Disputed area The `` disputed area '', which lies `` between the frontiers of the super-states '', is a rough quadrilateral with its corners at Tangier, Brazzaville, Darwin, and Hong Kong ``. This area is fought over during the perpetual war among the three superstates, one of which sometimes controls vast swaths of the disputed territory, only to lose it again. The reason that the three superstates seek to control the area is to harness the large population and the vast resources within the region. Control of the islands in the Pacific and the polar regions is also constantly shifting, but there also, none of the three superpowers ever gains a lasting hold. The inhabitants of the area, having no allegiance to any nation, live in constant slavery under whichever power controls them. Eastasia and Eurasia fight over `` a large but fluctuating portion of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Tibet ''. At one point during the novel, Julia procures tea to share with Winston and remarks that she thinks Oceania recently captured India ( or perhaps parts of India ), but such `` control '' is usually transient. International relations The world of Nineteen Eighty - Four exists in a state of perpetual war among the three major powers. Two of the three states are aligned against the third : Oceania and Eurasia against Eastasia or Eurasia and Eastasia against Oceania. However, as Goldstein 's book points out, each superstate is so powerful that even an alliance of the other two can not destroy it, which results in a continuing stalemate. From time to time, one of the states betrays its ally and sides with its former enemy. In Oceania, when that occurs, the Ministry of Truth rewrites history to make it appear that the current state of affairs is the way it has always been, and documents with contradictory information are destroyed in the memory hole. Goldstein 's book states that the war is not a war in the traditional sense but simply exists to use up resources and keep the population in line. Victory for any side is not attainable or even desirable, but the Inner Party, through an act of doublethink, believes that such victory is possible. Although the war began with the limited use of atomic weapons in a limited atomic war in the 1950s, the combatants all stopped using them for fear of upsetting the balance of power. Relatively few technological advances have been made ( the only two mentioned are the replacement of bombers with `` rocket bombs '' and of traditional capital ships with the immense `` floating fortresses '' ). Examples of both technologies had been developed in the closing stages of World War II : the V2 rocket, the ice aircraft carrier, and the floating harbour. Ambiguity This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( June 2015 ) Almost all of the information about the world beyond London is given to the reader through government or Party sources, which, by the very premise of the novel, are unreliable narrators. Specifically, Julia brings up the idea that the war is fictional and that the rocket bombs falling from time to time on London are fired by the government of Oceania itself to maintain the war atmosphere among the population. The protagonists have no means of proving or disproving the theory. Furthermore, during preparations for Hate Week, rocket bombs fall at an increasing rate, hitting places such as playgrounds and crowded theatres, causing mass casualties and increased hysteria and hatred for the Party 's enemies. War is also a convenient pretext to maintain a huge military -- industrial complex in which the state is committed to developing and acquiring large and expensive weapons systems, which almost immediately become obsolete and required replacement. Finally, according to Goldstein 's book, war makes handing over power to a small caste easier and gives the pretext to do so. Notes Jump up ^ George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty - Four, p. 18. Jump up ^ The literal translation of `` Death - worship '' is `` 死亡 崇拜 '', or Sǐwáng chóngbài, which is not a known religious concept or political philosophy. Related moral concepts may be `` 殺身成仁 '', shāshēn chéngrén, to die to achieve virtue, found in Analects ; or `` 捨身 取 義 '', shěshēn qǔyì, to give up life for righteousness, found in Mencius, but the concept of mortal sacrifice for the greater good, and emphasis of collective interests were already used in propaganda of both Nationalist and Communist revolutionaries at the time. Another possibility is that the phrase used is derived somehow from nirvana ( rendered 涅槃 in Chinese, a transliteration of the original Sanskrit ), which if stretched, could be interpreted as `` Obliteration of the Self ''. In comparison, the later North Korean ideology of Juche has a roughly - similar trait of difficult translation into English -- as well as similar Big Brother figures in its veneration of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Jump up ^ Part II, Ch. 9. George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty - Four ( 1949 ) Characters Winston Smith Julia O'Brien Big Brother Emmanuel Goldstein Places Nations of Nineteen Eighty - Four Ministries of Nineteen Eighty - Four Groups Social classes Inner Party Outer Party Proles The Brotherhood Thought Police Concepts Ingsoc Newspeak wordlist Doublethink Two + two = five Thoughtcrime Telescreen Memory hole Goldstein 's book Two Minutes Hate Hate week Prolefeed Related articles Adaptations Nineteen Eighty - Four in popular media Book : Nineteen Eighty - Four Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nations_of_Nineteen_Eighty-Four&oldid=843145438 '' Categories : Fictional future countries Nineteen Eighty - Four Hidden categories : Use British English from October 2011 Articles to be expanded from February 2014 All articles to be expanded Articles lacking reliable references from February 2014 All articles lacking reliable references Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016 Articles that may contain original research from June 2015 All articles that may contain original research Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 27 May 2018, at 05 : 34. 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Question: who are the three main powers in 1984
Answer: Oceania