Dominican war of independence - wikipedia Dominican war of independence Dominican War of Independence Date 1844 -- 1856 Location Hispaniola Result Dominican victory Expulsion of Haitian government Dominican Independence Belligerents Dominican Republic Haiti Commanders and leaders Pedro Santana Antonio Duvergé Felipe Alfau Juan B. Cambiaso Juan B. Maggiolo Juan Acosta Manuel Mota José Ma. Cabral José Ma. Imbert J. J. Puello Pedro E. Pelletier Charles Hérard Jean - Louis Pierrot Faustin Soulouque Pierre Paul Auguste Brouard Gen. Souffrand Gen. St. - Louis Jean Francois Casualties and losses Haiti lost more than twice as many slain as did the Dominican Republic Dominican War of Independence Fuente del Rodeo Cabeza de Las Marías Azua Santiago El Memiso Tortuguero Fort Cachimán Estrelleta Beler El Número Las Carreras Santomé Sabana Larga The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, then known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, was invaded by Haiti in 1822. Previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. At the time Haiti had been more economically and militarily powerful and had a population 8 to 10 times larger than the former Spanish colony, having been the richest colony in the western hemisphere before the Haitian Revolution. Dominican military officers agreed to merge the newly independent nation with Haiti, as they sought for political stability under the Haitian president Jean - Pierre Boyer, and were attracted to Haiti 's perceived wealth and power at the time. However, due to the Haitian government 's mismanagement, heavy military disputes, and an economic crisis the Haitian government became increasingly unpopular, thus the Dominican people decided to forcefully overthrow the Haitian government with no compromises. After winning the war and ousting the Haitian occupying force from the country, Dominican nationalists fought against a series of attempted Haitian invasions that served to consolidate their independence from 1844 to 1856. Under the command of the `` emperor '' Faustin Soulouque Haitian soldiers would make incessant attacks to try to gain back control of the territory, but these efforts were to no avail as the Dominicans would go on to decisively win every battle henceforth. Nearly a century later, the Dominican despot Rafael Trujillo revived the old hatreds between the Hispaniolan neighbors by a sudden ruthless massacre ( called el Corte -- the Cutting ), from October 2 -- 4, 1937, of some 15,000 Haitian sugar cane cutters working in the Dominican Republic. Contents 1 Background 1.1 First Independence 2 Unification of Hispaniola ( 1822 - 1844 ) 2.1 Resistance 3 War of Independence 4 See also 5 References Background At the beginning of the 1800s, the colony of Santo Domingo, which had once been the headquarters of Spanish power in the New World was in its worst decline. Spain during this time was embroiled in the Peninsular War in Europe, and other various wars to maintain control of the Americas. With Spain 's resources spread among its global interest, Santo Domingo became neglected. This period is referred to as the España Boba era. The population of the Spanish colony stood at approximately 80,000 with the vast majority being European descendants and free people of color. Santo Domingo 's plantation economy never truly flourished, because of this the black slave population had been significantly lower than that of the neighboring Saint - Domingue, which was nearing a million slaves before the Haitian Revolution. First independence José Núñez de Cáceres. During this period in time the Spanish crown wielded little to no influence in the colony of Santo Domingo. Some wealthy cattle ranchers had become leaders, and sought to bring control and order in the southeast of the colony where the `` law of machete '' ruled the land. On November 9, 1821 the former Captain general in charge of the colony, José Núñez de Cáceres, influenced by all the Revolutions that were going on around him, finally decided to overthrow the Spanish government and declared independence from Spanish rule, this would usher in an Ephemeral Independence, as the nation would be united with Haiti shortly after. Unification of Hispaniola ( 1822 - 1844 ) Main article : Unification of Hispaniola Jean - Pierre Boyer, the mulatto ruler of Haiti A group of Dominican politicians and military officers had expressed interest in uniting the entire island, while they sought for political stability and support under Haiti, which at the time was still seen as having a great deal of wealth and power. Haiti had been by far the richest colony in the western hemisphere and was known as the Pearl of the Antilles. Haiti 's president, Jean - Pierre Boyer, conducted the third military campaign of the Dominican, this one was met with resistance, partly due to the previous invasion experiences, and because of Haiti 's overpowering military strength at the time. The population of Haiti had a ratio of 8 : 1 compared to the Dominican population of 1822. On February 9, 1822, Boyer formally entered the capital city, Santo Domingo, where he was met and received by Núñez who handed to him the keys of the Palace. Boyer then proclaimed : `` I have not come into this city as a conqueror but by the will of its inhabitants ''. The island was thus united from `` Cape Tiburon to Cape Samana in possession of one government. '' Eventually the Haitian government became extremely unpopular throughout the country. The Dominican population grew increasingly impatient with Haiti 's poor management and perceived incompetence, and the heavy taxation that was imposed on their side. The country was hit with a severe economic crisis after having been forced to pay a huge indemnity to France. A debt was accrued by Haiti in order to pay for their own independence from the European nation ; this would give rise to many anti-Haitian plots. Resistance An assembly of the Trinitarios. In 1838 Juan Pablo Duarte, an educated nationalist, founded a resistance movement called La Trinitaria ( `` The Trinity '' ) along with Matías Ramón Mella and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez. It was so named because its original nine members had organized themselves into cells of three. The cells went on to recruit as separate organizations, maintaining strict secrecy, with little or no direct contact among themselves, in order to minimize the possibility of detection by the Haitian authorities. Many recruits quickly came to the group, but it was discovered and forced to change its name to La Filantrópica ( `` The Philanthropic '' ), and continued agitating against the Haitians. In 1843 the revolution made a breakthrough : they worked with a liberal Haitian party that overthrew President Jean - Pierre Boyer. However, the Trinitarios ' work in the overthrow gained the attention of Boyer 's replacement, Charles Rivière - Hérard. Rivière - Hérard imprisoned some Trinitarios and forced Duarte to leave the island. While gone, Duarte searched for support in Colombia and Venezuela, but was unsuccessful. In December 1843 the rebels told Duarte to return since they had to act quickly because they were afraid the Haitians had learned of their insurrection plans. When Duarte had not returned by February, because of illness, the rebels decided to take action anyway with the leadership of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, Ramón Matías Mella, and by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle - rancher from El Seibo who commanded a private army of peons who worked on his estates. War of independence On February 27, 1844, the rebels seized the Ozama Fortress in the capital. The Haitian garrison, taken by surprise and apparently betrayed by at least one of its sentries, retreated in disarray. Within two days, all Haitian officials had left Santo Domingo. Mella headed the provisional governing junta of the new Dominican Republic. On March 14, Duarte finally returned after recovering from his illness and was greeted in celebration. Haitian Commander, Charles Rivière - Hérard, sent three columns totaling 30,000 men to crush the Dominican uprising. In the south, Hérard was checked by Dominican forces led by Pedro Santana at Azua on March 19. In the north, General Jean - Louis Pierrot and 15,000 Haitians were repelled in an attack on Santiago by the garrison commanded by José María Imbert. On June 17, 1845, the Dominicans, only a little over a year after winning independence from Haiti, invaded their former master in retaliation for Haitian border raids. The invaders captured two towns on the Plateau du Centre and established a bastion at Cachimán. Haitian President Jean - Louis Pierrot quickly mobilized his army and counterattacked on July 22, driving the invaders from Cachimán and back across the frontier. In the first significant naval action between the Hispaniolan rivals, a Dominican squadron captured 3 small Haitian warships and 149 seamen off Puerto Plata on December 21. On March 9, 1849, President Faustin Soulouque of Haiti led 10,000 troops in an invasion of the Dominican Republic. Dominican General ( and presidential contender ) Santana raised 6,000 soldiers and, with the help of several gunboats, routed the Haitian invaders at El Número on April 17 and at Las Carreras on April 21 -- 22. In November 1849, a small naval campaign was undertaken in which Dominican government schooners captured Anse - à - Pitres and one or two other villages on the southern coast of Haiti, which were sacked and burned by the Dominicans. By late 1854 the Hispaniolan nations were at war again. In November, 2 Dominican ships captured a Haitian warship and bombarded two Haitian ports. In November 1855, Soulouque, having proclaimed himself Emperor Faustin I of a Haitian empire which he hoped to expand to include the Dominican Republic, invaded his neighbor again, this time with a ravaging and looting army of 30,000 men marching in three columns. But again the Dominicans proved to be superior soldiers, defeating Soulouque 's army, which vastly outnumbered them. See also Dominican Restoration War Parsley Massacre References ^ Jump up to : Clodfelter ( 2017 ). Warfare and Armed Conflicts : A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492 - 2015. p. 302. Jump up ^ The members of La Trinitaria. Dominican Republic articles History Cacicazgo Santo Domingo Colonial governors Slave trade Maroons Era de Francia Spanish Haiti Spanish reconquest España Boba Unification of Hispaniola La Trinitaria War of Independence Dominican Restoration War U.S. occupation 1916 -- 24 Trujillo Era ( Rafael and Héctor Trujillo ) Parsley Massacre Dominican Civil War Geography Cities Ciudad Colonial Hispaniola Islands Mountains Municipalities Protected areas Provinces Regions Rivers Wildlife Politics Cabinet Congress Senate Chamber of Deputies Constitution Elections Foreign relations Human rights LGBT Law enforcement Military Politics Political parties President Economy Peso ( currency ) Banks Central Bank Companies Energy Telecommunications Tourism Transport Society Crime Demographics Education Health Language Religion Water and sanitation Culture Anthem Cinema Coat of arms Cuisine Flag Literature Music People Sports Outline Index Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_War_of_Independence&oldid=805453131 '' Categories : Wars of independence Conflicts in 1844 Conflicts in 1845 Conflicts in 1849 19th century in the Dominican Republic Wars involving the Dominican Republic Wars involving Haiti Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from October 2017 All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from October 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español فارسی Hrvatski Nederlands Português Српски / srpski Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 15 October 2017, at 14 : 21. 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Question: who did the dominican republic gain independence from
Answer: Haiti