Charles VIII of France - wikipedia Charles VIII of France Charles VIII King of France Reign 30 August 1483 -- 7 April 1498 Coronation 30 May 1484 ( Reims ) Predecessor Louis XI Successor Louis XII Regent Anne of France ( 1483 -- 1491 ) ( 1470 - 06 - 30 ) 30 June 1470 Château d'Amboise, France 7 April 1498 ( 1498 - 04 - 07 ) ( aged 27 ) Château d'Amboise, France Burial Saint Denis Basilica, France ( body ) Notre - Dame de Cléry Basilica, Cléry - Saint - André, France ( heart ) Spouse Anne, Duchess of Brittany ( m. 1491 ) Issue among others... Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France House Valois Father Louis XI, King of France Mother Charlotte of Savoy Religion Roman Catholicism French Monarchy Capetian Dynasty ( House of Valois ) Philip VI Children John II Philip, Duke of Orléans John II Children Charles V Louis I of Anjou John, Duke of Berry Philip the Bold Charles V Children Charles VI Louis, Duke of Orléans Charles VI Children Isabella of Valois Michelle of Valois Catherine of Valois Charles VII Charles VII Children Louis XI Charles, Duke of Berry Louis XI Children Charles VIII Charles VIII Charles VIII, called the Affable, French : l'Affable ( 30 June 1470 -- 7 April 1498 ), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. He succeeded his father Louis XI at the age of 13. His elder sister Anne of France acted as regent jointly with her husband Peter II, Duke of Bourbon until 1491 when the young king turned 21 years of age. During Anne 's regency, the great lords rebelled against royal centralisation efforts in a conflict known as the Mad War ( 1485 - 1488 ), which resulted in a victory for the royal government. In a remarkable stroke of audacity, Charles married Anne of Brittany in 1491 after she had already been married by proxy to the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in a ceremony of questionable validity. Preoccupied by the problematic succession in the Kingdom of Hungary, Maximilian failed to press his claim. Upon his marriage, Charles became administrator of Brittany and established a personal union that enabled France to avoid total encirclement by Habsburg territories. To secure his rights to the Neapolitan throne that René of Anjou had left to his father, Charles made a series of concessions to neighbouring monarchs and conquered the Italian peninsula without much opposition. The coalition formed against the French invasion of 1494 - 98 finally drove out Charles ' army, but Italian Wars would dominate Western European politics for over 50 years. Charles died in 1498 after accidentally striking his head on the lintel of a door at the Château d'Amboise, his place of birth. Since he had no male heir, he was succeeded by his cousin Louis XII of France from the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. Contents 1 Life 1.1 Youth 1.2 Marriages 1.3 Italian War 1.4 Death 2 Legacy 3 Issue 4 Media 5 Ancestry 6 See also 7 References Life Youth Charles was born at the Château d'Amboise in France, the only surviving son of King Louis XI by his second wife Charlotte of Savoy. His godparents were Charles II, Duke of Bourbon ( the godchild 's namesake ), Joan of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon, and the teenage Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI of England who had been living in France since the deposition of his father by Edward IV. Charles succeeded to the throne on 30 August 1483 at the age of 13. His health was poor. He was regarded by his contemporaries as possessing a pleasant disposition, but also as foolish and unsuited for the business of the state. In accordance with the wishes of Louis XI, the regency of the kingdom was granted to Charles ' elder sister Anne, a formidably intelligent and shrewd woman described by her father as `` the least foolish woman in France. '' She would rule as regent, together with her husband Peter of Bourbon, until 1491. Marriages Further information : French - Breton War Charles was betrothed on 22 July 1483 to the 3 - year - old Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Archduke Maximilian of Austria ( later Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ) and Mary, Duchess of Burgundy. The marriage was arranged by Louis XI, Maximilian, and the Estates of the Low Countries as part of the 1482 Peace of Arras between France and the Duchy of Burgundy. Margaret brought the Counties of Artois and Burgundy to France as her dowry, and she was raised in the French court as a prospective Queen consort. In 1488, however, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, died in a riding accident, leaving his 11 - year - old daughter Anne as his heir. Anne, who feared for the independence of her duchy against the ambitions of France, arranged a marriage in 1490 between herself and the widower Maximilian, thus making Anne a stepmother to Margaret of Austria. The regent Anne of France and her husband Peter refused to countenance such a marriage, however, since it would place Maximilian and his family, the Habsburgs, on two French borders. The French army invaded Brittany, taking advantage of the preoccupation of Frederick III and his son with the disputed succession to Mathias Corvinus, King of Hungary. Anne of Brittany was forced to renounce Maximilian ( whom she had only married by proxy ) and agree to be married to Charles VIII instead. Marriage to Anne of Brittany at the Château de Langeais. In December 1491, in an elaborate ceremony at the Château de Langeais, Charles and Anne of Brittany were married. The 14 - year - old Duchess Anne, not happy with the arranged marriage, arrived for her wedding with her entourage carrying two beds. However, Charles 's marriage brought him independence from his relatives and thereafter he managed affairs according to his own inclinations. Queen Anne lived at the Clos Lucé in Amboise. There still remained the matter of Charles ' first betrothed, the young Margaret of Austria. Although the cancellation of her betrothal meant that she by rights should have been returned to her family, Charles did not initially do so, intending to marry her usefully elsewhere in France. It was a difficult situation for Margaret, who informed her father in her letters that she was so determined to escape that she would even flee Paris in her nightgown if it gave her freedom. Eventually, in 1493, she was returned to her family, together with her dowry -- though the Duchy of Burgundy was retained in the Treaty of Senlis. Around the king there was a circle of court poets, the most memorable being the Italian humanist Publio Fausto Andrelini from Forlì, who spread the New Learning in France. During a pilgrimage to pay respects to his father 's remains, Charles observed Mont Aiguille and ordered Antoine de Ville to ascend to the summit in an early technical alpine climb, later alluded to by Rabelais. Italian War Further information : Italian War of 1494 -- 1498 Charles VIII Anne of Brittany as Queen To secure France against invasions, Charles made treaties with Maximilian I of Austria ( the Treaty of Barcelona with Maximilian of Austria on 19 January 1493 ) and England, ( the Treaty of Étaples with England on 3 November 1492 ) buying their neutrality with large concessions. He devoted France 's resources to building up a large army, including one of Europe 's first siege trains with artillery. In 1489, Pope Innocent VIII ( 1484 - 1492 ), then being at odds with Ferdinand I of Naples, offered Naples to Charles, who had a vague claim to the Kingdom of Naples through his paternal grandmother, Marie of Anjou. Innocent 's policy of meddling in the affairs of other Italian states was continued by Innocent 's successor, Pope Alexander VI ( 1492 - 1503 ) when the Pope supported a plan for a carving out a new state in central Italy. The new state would have impacted Milan more than any of the other states involved. Consequently, in 1493, Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, appealed for help to Charles VIII. The next year in 1494, Milan faced an additional threat. On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I, King of Naples, died unexpectedly. His death made Alfonso II, king of Naples. Alfonso II laid claim to the Milanese duchy. Alfonso II now urged Charles VIII to take Milan militarily. Charles VIII was also urged on in this adventure by his favorite courtier, Étienne de Vesc. Thus, Charles came to imagine himself capable of actually taking Naples and invaded Italy. In an event that was to prove a watershed in Italian history, Charles invaded Italy with 25,000 men ( including 8,000 Swiss mercenaries ) in September 1494 and marched across the peninsula virtually unopposed. King Charles arrived in Pavia on 21 October 1494 and entered Pisa on 8 November 1494. The French Army subdued Florence in passing on their way south. Reaching Naples on 22 February 1495, the French Army took Naples without a pitched battle or siege. Alfonso was expelled and Charles was crowned King of Naples. There were those in the Republic of Florence who appreciated the presence of the French king and his Army. The famous friar Savonarola believed that King Charles VIII was God 's tool to purify the corruption of Florence. He believed that once Charles had ousted the evil sinners of Florence the city would become a center of morality. Thus, Florence was the appropriate place to restructure the Church. This situation would eventually spill over into another conflict between Pope Alexander VI, who despised the idea of having the king in northern Italy where the Pope feared the King of France would interfere with the Papal States, and Savonarola, who called for the king 's intervention. This conflict would eventually lead Savonarola to be suspected of heresy and executed by the State. The speed and power of the French advance frightened the other Italian rulers, including the Pope and even Ludovico of Milan. They formed an anti-French coalition, the League of Venice on 31 March 1495. The formation of the League of Venice, which included the northern Italian states of Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Mantua, and the Republic of Florence in addition to the Kingdom of Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Naples, appeared to have trapped Charles in southern Italy and blocked his return to France. Charles would have to cross the territory of at least some of the League members to return home to France. At the Fornovo in July 1495, the League defeated Charles. However, it was a pyrrhic victory because the French too celebrated Fornovo as a victory for them. The League lost 2,000 men to his 1,000 and, although Charles lost nearly all the booty of the campaign and had to withdraw to France, the League was unable to stop him from crossing their territory on his way back to France. Meanwhile, Charles ' remaining garrisons in Naples were quickly subdued by Aragonese forces sent by Ferdinand II of Aragon, ally of Alfonso on 6 -- 7 July 1495. Thus in the end, Charles VIII lost all the gains that he had made in Italy in 1494. Over the next few years, Charles VIII tried to rebuild his army and resume the campaign, but he was hampered by the large debts incurred in 1494 -- 95. He never succeeded in gaining anything substantive. Death Charles died in 1498, two and a half years after his retreat from Italy, as the result of an accident. While on his way to watch a game of jeu de paume ( real tennis ) in Amboise he struck his head on the lintel of a door. At around 2pm, while returning from the game, he fell into a sudden coma, and died nine hours later, perhaps of an epidural hematoma. Legacy The Coat of arms of Charles VIII. The arms include the traditional element known as France Moderne, three fleur - de-lys on a blue background, quartered with Jerusalem cross, the traditional arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Charles VIII was matrilineally descended from the House of Lusignan, the Kings of Jerusalem. Independent of this descent, Charles VIII also made claims to the Kingdom of Naples, a title which also included a separate titular claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Charles bequeathed a meagre legacy : he left France in debt and in disarray as a result of his ambition. However, his expedition did strengthen cultural ties to Italy, energizing French art and letters in the latter part of the Renaissance. Since his children predeceased him, Charles was the last of the elder branch of the House of Valois. Upon his death, the throne passed to his father 's second cousin, the Duke of Orléans, who reigned as King Louis XII. Left childless at his death, Charles ' widow, Anne returned to Brittany and there, as hereditary Duchess of Brittany, began steps to regain the independence of the duchy. It was exactly to stymie these moves toward independence that Charles VIII 's successor -- Louis XII -- had his 24 - year marriage to Joan of France annulled so that he could marry Anne of Brittany on 7 June 1500. Issue The marriage with Anne resulted in the birth of seven children, who all died young : Charles Orland, Dauphin of France ( 11 October 1492 -- 16 December 1495 ). His only healthy son, he died of the measles when three years old. Buried at Tours Cathedral. Francis, premature son stillborn ( August 1493 ) at the forest of Courcelles. Buried at Notre - Dame de Cléry. Premature daughter stillborn at Lyon, March 1494, where the queen was accompanying her husband while he prepared to depart for the Italian Wars. Premature daughter stillborn ( March 1495 ). Charles, Dauphin of France. Lived for less than a month ( 8 September 1496 -- 2 October 1496 ). Buried at Tours Cathedral. Francis, Dauphin of France. He died several hours after his birth ( July 1497 ). Buried at Tours Cathedral. Anne of France. She died on the day of her birth ( 20 March 1498 ) at Château de Plessis - lez - Tours. Buried at Tours Cathedral. Media Charles VIII 's invasion of Italy and his relations with Pope Alexander VI are depicted in the novel The Sultan 's Helmsman. In the 2011 Showtime series The Borgias, Charles VIII is portrayed by French actor Michel Muller. In the 2011 French - German historical drama Borgia, Charles VIII is played by Simon Larvaron. The event of the king 's death is depicted in the TV series Borgia with a small twist : in the episode, Charles himself plays a game of jeu de paume with Cesare Borgia and loses ; while leaving the game, Charles strikes his head on the lintel of a door. Ancestry show Ancestors of Charles VIII of France 16. Charles V of France 8. Charles VI of France 17. Joanna of Bourbon 4. Charles VII of France 18. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria 9. Isabeau of Bavaria 19. Taddea Visconti 2. Louis XI of France 20. Louis I, Duke of Anjou 10. Louis II of Naples 21. Marie of Blois 5. Marie of Anjou 22. John I of Aragon 11. Yolande of Aragon 23. Violant of Bar 1. Charles VIII of France 24. Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy 12. Antipope Felix V 25. Bonne of Berry 6. Louis, Duke of Savoy 26. Philip II, Duke of Burgundy 13. Mary of Burgundy 27. Margaret III, Countess of Flanders 3. Charlotte of Savoy 28. James I of Cyprus 14. Janus of Cyprus 29. Helvis of Brunswick 7. Anne of Cyprus 30. John I, Count of La Marche 15. Charlotte of Bourbon 31. Catherine of Vendôme See also Kingdom of France portal Biography portal First Italian War References ^ Jump up to : Paul Murray Kendall, Louis XI : The Universal Spider ( New York : W.W. Norton & Company, 1971 ), p. 373 - 374. ^ Jump up to : Stella Fletcher, The Longman Companion to Renaissance Europe, 1390 - 1530, ( Routledge, 1999 ), 76. Jump up ^ Desormeaux, Joseph - Louis Ripault ( 1776 ). Histoire de la maison de Bourbon, Tome II. Paris : Imprimerie royale. p. 249. Retrieved 24 November 2013. Jump up ^ Joni M. Hand, Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350 - 1550, ( Ashgate Publishing, 2013 ), 24. Jump up ^ Tóth, Gábor Mihály ( 2008 ). `` Trivulziana Cod. N. 1458 : A New Testimony of the `` Landus Report '' '' ( PDF ). Verbum Analecta Neolatina. X ( 1 ) : 139 -- 158. doi : 10.1556 / Verb. 10.2008. 1.9. Retrieved 7 December 2013. Jump up ^ Hare, Christopher ( 1907 ). The high and puissant princess Marguerite of Austria, princess dowager of Spain, duchess dowager of Savoy, regent of the Netherlands. Harper & Brothers. pp. 43 -- 44. Jump up ^ `` Histoire et Événements '' ( in French ). p. Le Mont Aiguille - Supereminet invius. Retrieved 31 December 2012. Jump up ^ `` L'ascension historique de 1492 '' ( The historic ascent of 1492 ) ( in French ). Mont-Aiguille.com. 2009 - 01 - 12. Archived from the original on 2009 - 06 - 16. Retrieved 3 January 2013. Jump up ^ Michael Mallet and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559 ( Harlow, England : Pearson Education, Limited, 2012 ) p. 32. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559, ( Harlow, England : Pearson Education, Limited, 2012 ) p. 13. Jump up ^ Robert S. Hoyt and Stanley Chodorow, Europe in the Middle Ages ( New York : Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1976 ) pp. 618 - 619. Jump up ^ Robert S. Hoyt and Stanley Chodorow, Europe in the Middle Ages, p. 619. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian wars : 1494 - 1559, p. 14. Jump up ^ Robert S. Hoyt and Stanely Chodorow, Europe in the Middle Ages, p. 619. Jump up ^ Robert S. Hoyt, Europe in the Middle Ages, p. 619. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559, pp. 20 - 21. Jump up ^ R. Ritchie, Historical Atlas of the Renaissance, 64. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559, p. 11. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559 p. 31. Jump up ^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars : 1494 - 1559, pp. 32 - 33. Jump up ^ Heiner Gillmeister, Tennis : A Cultural History ( London : Leicester University Press, 1998 ) p. 21. ( ISBN 978 - 0718501471 ) Jump up ^ Andrew R. Scoble, ed. ( 1856 ), The memoirs of Philip de Commines, volume 2, London : Henry G. Bohn, pp. 283 -- 284 Jump up ^ Frederic J. Baumgartner, Louis XII ( New York : St. Martin Press, 1996 ) p. 79. Charles VIII of France House of Valois Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born : 30 June 1470 Died : 7 April 1498 Regnal titles Preceded by Louis XI King of France 1483 -- 1498 Succeeded by Louis XII Preceded by Alphonse II King of Naples 1495 Succeeded by Ferdinand II French royalty Vacant Title last held by Francis Dauphin of France 1470 -- 1483 Vacant Title next held by Charles Orlando Heads of state of France Styled President of the Republic after 1871, except from 1940 to 1944 ( Chief of State ) and 1944 to 1947 ( Chairman of the Provisional Government ). Detailed monarch family tree Simplified monarch family tree Merovingians ( 486 -- 751 ) Clovis I Childebert I Chlothar I Charibert I Guntram Chilperic I Sigebert I Childebert II Chlothar II Dagobert I Sigebert II Clovis II Chlothar III Childeric II Theuderic III Clovis IV Childebert III Dagobert III Chilperic II Chlothar IV Theuderic IV Childeric III Carolingians, Robertians and Bosonids ( 751 -- 987 ) Pepin the Short Carloman I Charlemagne ( Charles I ) Louis I Charles II Louis II Louis III Carloman II Charles the Fat Odo Charles III Robert I Rudolph Louis IV Lothair Louis V House of Capet ( 987 -- 1328 ) Hugh Capet Robert II Henry I Philip I Louis VI Louis VII Philip II Louis VIII Louis IX Philip III Philip IV Louis X John I Philip V Charles IV House of Valois ( 1328 -- 1589 ) Philip VI John II Charles V Charles VI Charles VII Louis XI Charles VIII Louis XII Francis I Henry II Francis II Charles IX Henry III House of Lancaster ( 1422 -- 1453 ) Henry VI of England House of Bourbon ( 1589 -- 1792 ) Henry IV Louis XIII Louis XIV Louis XV Louis XVI Louis XVII First Republic ( 1792 -- 1804 ) National Convention Directory Consulate First Empire ( 1804 -- 1815 ) Napoleon I Napoleon II Bourbon Restoration ( 1815 -- 1830 ) Louis XVIII Charles X Louis XIX Henry V July Monarchy ( 1830 -- 1848 ) Louis Philippe I Second Republic ( 1848 -- 1852 ) Jacques - Charles Dupont de l'Eure Executive Commission Louis - Eugène Cavaignac Louis - Napoléon Bonaparte Second Empire ( 1852 -- 1870 ) Napoleon III Government of National Defense ( 1870 -- 1871 ) Louis - Jules Trochu Third Republic ( 1871 -- 1940 ) Adolphe Thiers Patrice de Mac - Mahon Jules Armand Dufaure * Jules Grévy Maurice Rouvier * Sadi Carnot Charles Dupuy * Jean Casimir - Perier Charles Dupuy * Félix Faure Charles Dupuy * Émile Loubet Armand Fallières Raymond Poincaré Paul Deschanel Alexandre Millerand Frédéric François - Marsal * Gaston Doumergue Paul Doumer André Tardieu * Albert Lebrun Vichy France ( 1940 -- 1944 ) Philippe Pétain Provisional Government ( 1944 -- 1947 ) Charles de Gaulle Félix Gouin Georges Bidault Vincent Auriol Léon Blum Fourth Republic ( 1947 -- 1958 ) Vincent Auriol René Coty Fifth Republic ( 1958 -- present ) Charles de Gaulle Alain Poher * Georges Pompidou Alain Poher * Valéry Giscard d'Estaing François Mitterrand Jacques Chirac Nicolas Sarkozy François Hollande Emmanuel Macron Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk *. Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected. France topics History Periods Timeline Prehistory Celtic Gaul Roman Gaul Kingdom of the Visigoths Francia West Francia Middle Ages Early modern era Long nineteenth century Revolutionary era Napoleonic era Belle Époque Twentieth century Regimes Absolute monarchy Ancien Régime First Republic First Empire Constitutional monarchy Bourbon Restoration July Monarchy Second Republic Second Empire Government of National Defense Third Republic France during the Second World War Free France Vichy France Provisional Government of the French Republic Fourth Republic Fifth Republic Geography Administrative divisions Cities Islands Lakes Mountains Rivers Politics Constitution Elections presidential Foreign relations Government Human rights Intersex LGBT Judiciary Law enforcement Military Parliament Political parties Economy Agriculture Banking Central bank Economic history Energy Euro Exports Franc ( former currency ) French subdivisions by GDP Stock exchange Taxation Telecommunications Tourism Trade unions Transport Society Crime Demographics Education Health care People Poverty Religion Social class Welfare Culture Architecture Art Cinema ( comedy ) Cuisine Cultural icons Fashion Gardens Language Literature Media Music Philosophy Public holidays Sport Symbols Theatre Outline Book Portal WikiProject BNF : cb125374988 ( data ) GND : 118776762 ISNI : 0000 0001 2127 4535 LCCN : n82158482 SELIBR : 208842 SUDOC : 028693914 VIAF : 34569564 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_VIII_of_France&oldid=841901007 '' Categories : Kings of France 1470 births 1498 deaths Burials at the Basilica of St Denis Ancien Régime in France Dauphins of France Dauphins of Viennois French people of Cypriot descent French real tennis players House of Valois Medieval child rulers People from Amboise People of Byzantine descent Roman Catholic monarchs Sport deaths in France 1480s in France 1490s in France 15th - century French people 15th - century monarchs in Europe Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Use dmy dates from May 2011 Articles containing French - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Asturianu تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Lietuvių Magyar Македонски मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Yorùbá 中文 49 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 May 2018, at 20 : 24 ( UTC ). 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Question: who plays the king of france in the borgias
Answer: French actor Michel Muller