Batman, Turkey - wikipedia Batman, Turkey This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 August 2017. `` Batman City '' redirects here. For the 2011 video game, see Batman : Arkham City. For other uses, see Batman ( disambiguation ). Batman Municipality A view of city center in Batman. Batman Location of Batman, Turkey Coordinates : 37 ° 52 ′ 50 '' N 41 ° 07 ′ 39 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.88056 ° N 41.12750 ° E ﻿ / 37.88056 ; 41.12750 Coordinates : 37 ° 52 ′ 50 '' N 41 ° 07 ′ 39 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.88056 ° N 41.12750 ° E ﻿ / 37.88056 ; 41.12750 Country Turkey Region Southeastern Anatolia Province Batman Government Mayor Sabri Özdemir ( BDP ) Area District 563.59 km ( 217.60 sq mi ) Elevation 540 m ( 1,770 ft ) Population ( 2012 ) Urban 348,963 District 381,990 District density 680 / km ( 1,800 / sq mi ) Time zone EET ( UTC + 2 ) Summer ( DST ) EEST ( UTC + 3 ) Postal code 72x xx Area code ( s ) ( + 98 ) 488 License plate 72 Website http://www.batman.bel.tr Batman ( Kurdish : Êlih ‎ ) is a city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and the capital of Batman Province. It lies on a plateau, 540 meters ( 1,772 feet ) above sea level, near the confluence of the Batman River and the Tigris. The Batı Raman oil field, which is the largest oil field in Turkey, is located just outside the city. Batman has a local airport and a military airbase, which was used for transit of aircraft and helicopters in some search and rescue operations of the Gulf War. Until the 1950s, Batman was a village, called Iluh, with a population of about 3,000. However, oil fields were discovered around it in the 1940s that resulted in a rapid development of the area and in the inflow of workforce from other parts of Turkey. In 1957, the village was renamed Batman, after the river namesake, received a city status, and became a district center. Over the next 50 years, a significant amount of Batman 's one - story buildings were rebuilt as multi-story buildings. As a result, its population grew to many, many times its previous size. A 511 km ( 318 mi ) km long oil pipeline was built in 1967 from Batman to the port city of Dörtyol near the easternmost point of the Mediterranean coast in order to transport the crude oil from the Batman refinery. In 1990, the city became the capital of Batman Province. Apart from oil, which is by far the dominant commodity of the region, Batman produces beverages, processed food, chemicals, furniture, footwear, machinery and transport equipment. A university was established in 2007, Batman University, and is part of the Erasmus foreign student exchange program. Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 Modern history 2 Industry 2.1 Oil fields 2.2 Pipelines 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Demographics 6 Transportation 7 Education and sports 7.1 Education 7.1. 1 Batman University 7.2 Sports 8 Government 9 Notable people 10 See also 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External links History Early history The Batman Province contains the strategic Tigris River with fertile lands by its sides, as well as rocky hills with numerous caves providing a natural shelter. As a result, it was inhabited from prehistoric times, likely from the Neolithic ( Paleolithic ) period, according to archeological evidence. First documented evidence of settlements in the province dates back to the 7th century BC. An artificial `` island '' was created in this marshy area, which was named elekhan and stood independent for 194 years from 546 BC until the invasion of Alexander the Great in 352 BC. The Batman Province was a religious center in the 4th -- 6th centuries AD and was part of the Byzantine Empire for seven centuries. In the 11th -- 12th centuries became under the control of the Great Seljuq Empire and Artuqids and became a prominent outpost of the Silk Road. This area was populated by Syriac Christians and had a significant presence of Pontic Greeks, Assyrians, Baghdadi Jews and Armenians ; these peoples lived in the region from 500 BC to the late 19th century. Significant changes in its management and language were brought in 1515 by Mahmoud Pasha Elekhani. It is believed that a variant of his name, Elah, was transformed into Iluh and gave the old name to the Batman city. Modern history The city was connected with Istanbul in 1944 by a railway line. This was the major transportation route until the 1950s when highways gradually became more important. Until the 1950s, Batman was a village of some 3,000 people ; it was called Iluh and belonged to the Siirt Province. It was first located in the Elmedin district of Siirt. The entire district disappeared in the early 1926 due to the flood of the Batman River. After that, Iluh became part of Beşiri sub-province. On 2 September 1957, the village became a district center and renamed Batman after the river flowing nearby, which was known under its modern name since at least the 19th century. On 16 May 1990 it was designated the capital of the Batman Province. This administrative evolution reflected the rapid growth of the city owing to its oil extraction and refinement industries. Oil was found in the region in the 1930s and the oldest in Turkey refinery was built in 1955 to process crude oil of the Raman and Garzan areas. The refinery is operated by Tüpraş, it has a processing capacity of 1.1 million tonnes per year and storage capacity of 253 billion m. Development of the oil fields outside the city resulted in a rapid growth of Batman beginning in the 1950s. As a result, the city was declared a `` Priority Region for Development ''. A high school was established in the city in 1975 and most one - story houses were rebuilt into multi-story buildings. However, the large inflow of labor for the oil industry resulted in construction of hundreds of unauthorized small buildings on the outskirts of the city. Because of the wind direction, most industrial complexes were located in the southern and south - eastern areas. The oil - related development of Batman also resulted in relocation of Turkish people into a mostly Kurd - populated Batman Province. This has brought ethnic conflicts that escalated in the 1990s. More than 180 civilians were killed in the Batman city area by unidentified gunmen between 1992 and 1993. Industry Batman 's primary commodity is oil, as there are multiple oil fields in the nearby area. These oil fields have spurred the creation of multiple pipelines to transmit oil to and from several important cities. Apart from oil, which is by far the dominant commodity of the region, Batman produces beverages, processed food, chemicals, furniture, footwear, machinery and transport equipment. Oil fields Search for oil in the Batman Province started in 1935. On 20 April 1940, oil was found at a depth of 1,048 metres ( 3,438 feet ) at the Raman oil field, located south - east of Batman. The first experimental well began producing 10 tonnes ( about 62 barrels ( 9.9 m ) ) of oil per day on 6 June 1940. The field was set to be expanded for commercial production by 1945, but the production was delayed to 1947 due to the lack of storage. To solve this, a small refinery was built at the site with a capacity of 9 tonnes / day in 1947, and in November 1948 a bigger refinery capable of processing up to 200 tonnes / day was completed in Batman. An even bigger refinery ( 330 tonnes / d ) was completed in Batman in 1955. Several other oil fields were discovered later around Batman, the largest being Batı Raman oil field, which produces about 7,000 barrels ( 1,100 m ) of oil daily. Pipelines A 511 km ( 318 mi ) km long oil pipeline was built in 1967 from Batman to Dörtyol, a port city located near the easternmost point of the Mediterranean coast, to transport the crude oil from the Batman region. The pipeline has an annual capacity of 3.5 million tonnes and was transporting about 20 million barrels ( 3,200,000 m ) ( about 2.7 million tonnes ) in the 1990s and about twice less between 2003 and 2007. Another, short pipeline 41 kilometres ( 25 miles ) long connected Batman with Şelmo, which is the location of the second largest oil field in Turkey. It transferred between 1.5 and 0.5 million barrels ( 79,000 m ) of oil per year between the years of 1990 and 2007. Both pipelines are operated by BOTAŞ. Geography Batman is built on a flat plateau elevated at 540 m ( 1,772 ft ) above the sea level, though there is a declining slope of up to 0.6 ° in the northeastern and southern areas. There are almost no forests in and around the city. The Iluh River, a tributary of the Batman River, flows through the city. The soil mostly consists of soft and porous clay ; it is unstable and is easily eroded with rain and floods of the Batman and Iluh rivers. The floods usually occur between March and May, although they sometimes occur between October and November. Major floods occurred in 1969 ( April, 60 buildings damaged ), 1972 ( April and May, 210 buildings damaged ), 1991 ( November, 500 buildings flooded ), 1995 ( March, nearly 1000 buildings submerged and 450 damaged ) and 2006 ( October, 11 people died and 20 injured ). Climate Batman has a hot summer Mediterranean climate. Summers are very hot and dry, and the summers in the city are, on average, one of the hottest in the nation, averaging 31.2 ° C ( 88.2 ° F ) in July. Rainfall is almost non-existent during the summer months, with many summer months passing by without measurable precipitation. Winters are cool and wet with frosty nights. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two. Winters have daytime temperatures averaging 9 ° C ( 48 ° F ) and nighttime temperatures averaging − 1 ° C ( 30 ° F ) and about 60 millimetres ( 2.4 in ) of precipitation per month. Summers have temperatures well above 39 ° C ( 102 ° F ) and less than 10 millimetres ( 0.39 in ) of rain per month. Highest temperature : 48.8 ° C ( 119.8 ° F ) on 10 July 1962. Lowest temperature : − 24.0 ° C ( − 11.2 ° F ) on 1 January 2007. Daily record precipitation : 69.2 mm ( 2.72 in ) on 1 April 1999. Record snow depth : 32.0 cm ( 12.6 in ) on 8 February 1972. Climate data for Batman Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 18.2 ( 64.8 ) 23.5 ( 74.3 ) 30.6 ( 87.1 ) 35.8 ( 96.4 ) 42.0 ( 107.6 ) 45.1 ( 113.2 ) 48.8 ( 119.8 ) 46.2 ( 115.2 ) 43.8 ( 110.8 ) 37.0 ( 98.6 ) 28.6 ( 83.5 ) 22.6 ( 72.7 ) 48.8 ( 119.8 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 7.6 ( 45.7 ) 10.6 ( 51.1 ) 15.8 ( 60.4 ) 21.6 ( 70.9 ) 27.7 ( 81.9 ) 34.9 ( 94.8 ) 39.4 ( 102.9 ) 39.4 ( 102.9 ) 34.4 ( 93.9 ) 26.6 ( 79.9 ) 16.9 ( 62.4 ) 9.6 ( 49.3 ) 23.71 ( 74.68 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 2.7 ( 36.9 ) 5.0 ( 41 ) 9.6 ( 49.3 ) 14.6 ( 58.3 ) 19.8 ( 67.6 ) 26.7 ( 80.1 ) 31.2 ( 88.2 ) 30.2 ( 86.4 ) 24.9 ( 76.8 ) 17.7 ( 63.9 ) 9.8 ( 49.6 ) 4.5 ( 40.1 ) 16.39 ( 61.52 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) − 1.5 ( 29.3 ) 0.1 ( 32.2 ) 3.6 ( 38.5 ) 7.9 ( 46.2 ) 11.4 ( 52.5 ) 15.9 ( 60.6 ) 20.3 ( 68.5 ) 19.8 ( 67.6 ) 15.1 ( 59.2 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 4.0 ( 39.2 ) 0.4 ( 32.7 ) 8.92 ( 48.04 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) − 24.0 ( − 11.2 ) − 22.2 ( − 8 ) − 17.0 ( 1.4 ) − 9.0 ( 15.8 ) 0.9 ( 33.6 ) 5.0 ( 41 ) 11.8 ( 53.2 ) 11.1 ( 52 ) 4.4 ( 39.9 ) − 3.0 ( 26.6 ) − 7.8 ( 18 ) − 23.0 ( − 9.4 ) − 24 ( − 11.2 ) Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 61.3 ( 2.413 ) 68.0 ( 2.677 ) 74.6 ( 2.937 ) 73.0 ( 2.874 ) 46.2 ( 1.819 ) 7.2 ( 0.283 ) 0.7 ( 0.028 ) 0.7 ( 0.028 ) 3.8 ( 0.15 ) 32.4 ( 1.276 ) 54.6 ( 2.15 ) 66.1 ( 2.602 ) 488.6 ( 19.237 ) Average rainy days 11.0 10.4 11.6 11.5 8.2 2.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 5.7 7.3 10.0 79.9 Average relative humidity ( % ) 80 78 70 66 63 41 29 30 34 54 71 81 58.1 Mean daily sunshine hours 3.1 4.3 5.4 7.2 9.2 11.5 12.1 11.3 10.0 7.1 5.2 3.0 7.45 Source # 1 : mgm.gov.tr Source # 2 : Weatherbase Demographics According to the national census data collected between 1990 and 2000, the population of Batman is growing at a rate of 5 % per year. By 2008, it reached a population of 298,342, with a male to female ratio of 1.015. According to the 2000 census, about 50 % of population is married and has about 5 children per family. About 5 people are living together in one house as family. The unemployment rate is about 20 % for males and 10 % for females. Transportation Batman is connected by highways and railway with the nearby cities of Diyarbakır and Kurtalan and with the capital Ankara. The distance ( using highways ) to Istanbul is 1,465 km ( 910 mi ), to Ankara 1,012 km ( 629 mi ), and to İzmir 1,520 km ( 944 mi ). There is also a regional airport outside of Batman at 37 ° 55 ′ 46 '' N 41 ° 07 ′ 05 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.929481 ° N 41.118021 ° E ﻿ / 37.929481 ; 41.118021, which provides direct flights to İzmir, Ankara and Istanbul. The airport is combined with the military Batman Air Base. The base was renovated after the US - Turkey agreement in 1982 to make the base available for US tactical aircraft acting within NATO forces. This allowed them to patrol the region of Caucasus, Turkey and Iran without refueling. The base was then used for aid delivery and rescue missions in Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. Education and Sports Education According to the census of 2000, 15 % males and 43 % females of Batman were categorized as illiterate. Within the literate part, about 33 % males and 29 % females have not finished secondary school, 3.3 % males and 0.9 % females had university education, and about 13 % males and 3.8 % females had completed a high - school or an equivalent program. There are 71 elementary and 12 high schools in Batman. Batman university The city also has a university, Batman University, which was founded on 27 May 2007. It employs about 140 staff members and has the faculties of Science and Letters, Technical Education, and Engineering, which mostly cover topics about engineering, business, and administration. About 2,500 students, who come from different parts of Turkey, study at the university. The university is part of the Erasmus foreign student exchange program. Sports Football, known in America as soccer, is the most popular sport in Batman. The city has a professional football club, Batman Petrolspor, which was formed in 1960 and plays in the third division 3. lig. The club was named after the petroleum industry of the city. Another local football team, Batman B.S., participates in the Turkish Third League. There is a football stadium in Batman, which has a seating capacity of 4,900 spectators. Another popular sport is wrestling. Freestyle wrestlers from Batman have won national competitions, and Ali Riza Alan won gold in 1970 and silver in 1974 in world championships in the weight category under 52 kg ( 115 lb ). The major sport venue of Batman, Atatürk Sports Hall, can accommodate 1,000 spectators and supports many athletics, such as badminton, basketball, gymnastics, wrestling, folk dance, handball, martial arts ( such as kurash, judo, aikido, wushu, karate and taekwondo ), table tennis, volleyball and swimming. Government The current mayor of Batman is Nejdet Atalay. He was a member of the Kurdish Democratic Society Party until the Constitutional Court of Turkey banned that party on 11 December 2009 for alleged ties to the Kurdistan Workers ' Party. This decision banned him and 35 other members of the now - disbanded political party from joining any political party for five years. He is still mayor, but due to this court decision, is no longer a member of any political party. Notable people Ali Riza Alan -- world champion ( 1970 ) in freestyle wrestling. İbrahim Bilgen -- Turkish politician Nalin Pekgul -- Swedish politician Mehmet Şimşek -- Minister of Finance of Turkey Karapetê Xaço -- was an Armenian singer of traditional Kurdish dengbêj music. See also Armenians Yazidis References Jump up ^ `` Area of regions ( including lakes ), km2 ''. Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013 - 03 - 05. Jump up ^ `` Population of province / district centers and towns / villages by districts - 2012 ''. Address Based Population Registration System ( ABPRS ) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 27. ^ Jump up to : Batman, gap.gov.tr ^ Jump up to : Batman. Tarihçe, kultur.gov.tr, 21 February 2007 ( in Turkish ) Jump up ^ ALTIN MİKROFON 40 YIL ARADAN SONRA BATMANDA. Batmanpostasigazetesi.com. 6 October 2010. Retrieved on 2011 - 02 - 12. Jump up ^ Balaban, 152 Jump up ^ Two essays on the geography of ancient Asia : intended partly to illustrate the campaigns of Alexander, and the Anabasis of Xenophon. J. Murray. 1829. pp. 262 --. Jump up ^ About Tüpraş refineries. tupras.com.tr Jump up ^ Batman. Genel Bilgiler, kultur.gov.tr, 18.06. 2008 ( in Turkish ) Jump up ^ Balaban, 155 Jump up ^ Jonathan Rugman ; Roger Hutchings ( 2001 ). Ataturk 's Children. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 55 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8264 - 5490 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Batman, Encyclopædia Britannica Jump up ^ History of petroleum, tpao.gov.tr Jump up ^ Gengiz Keskin and Cengiz Can. `` Upper cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman Field, Southeast Turkey ''. Carbonates and Evaporites. 1 ( 1 ) : 25. doi : 10.1007 / BF03174401. Jump up ^ Turkey, TransAtlantic Petroleum Jump up ^ `` Batman - Dörtyol Petrol Boru Hattı ( Turkish ) ''. BOTAŞ. Jump up ^ International Transport Forum ; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( 2009 ). Intermodal transport : National peer review : Turkey. International Transport Forum. pp. 87, 94. ISBN 978 - 92 - 821 - 0222 - 0. Jump up ^ Balaban, 157 ^ Jump up to : Balaban, 147 -- 149 Jump up ^ Balaban, 157 : there is a likely misprint on p. 149 and the number of killed was 11 rather than 100 Jump up ^ Resmi İstatistikler. mgm.gov.tr. Jump up ^ `` Batman, Turkey Travel Weather Averages ''. Weatherbase. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Jump up ^ The Characteristics Of The Population By Provinces, 2000 Population Census. City and Village Population, Annual Growth Rate of Population, Surface Area and Population Density By Districts. turkstat.gov.tr Jump up ^ Turkish Institute of Statistics. 2008 data Jump up ^ The Characteristics Of The Population By Provinces, 2000 Population Census. Population By Marital Status and Sex, turkstat.gov.tr Jump up ^ Balaban, 156 Jump up ^ The Characteristics Of The Population By Provinces, 2000 Population Census. Population By Labor Force and Sex. turkstat.gov.tr ( XLS file ). Jump up ^ Batman. Nasıl Gidilir ?, kultur.gov.tr, 19.02. 2007 Jump up ^ Federal Research Division ( 2004 ). Turkey : A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 358 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4191 - 9126 - 8. Jump up ^ Batman Air Base, Turkey. globalsecurity.org Jump up ^ Darrel D. Whitcomb ( 2006 ) Combat Search and Rescue in Desert Storm, Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Jump up ^ The Characteristics Of The Population By Provinces, 2000 Population Census. Population By Literacy, Education Level and Sex, turkstat.gov.tr Jump up ^ Studying in Turkey for Erasmus 2010 -- 2011, The Centre for UE Education and Youth Programmes, September 2010 Jump up ^ BATMAN PETROLSPOR tff.org ( in Turkish ). Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ Jump up to : Tarihçe. batmanpetrolsk.org ( in Turkish ). Retrieved 25 June 2010. Jump up ^ Batman. İl Spor Profili -- Sportif Faaliyetler, kultur.gov.tr, 21.02. 2007 Jump up ^ Website of Batman mayor Nejdet Atalay ( part of Batman city website, translated by Google ) Jump up ^ Selcan Hacaoglu ( 2009 - 12 - 11 ) Turkey Bans Pro-Kurdish Party Over Ties to Rebels, Associated Press. Jump up ^ İsrail'den dönüşler sürüyor. zaman.com.tr ( in Turkish ) Jump up ^ H.E. Mehmet Şimşek Black Sea Energy & Economic Forum. Bseef.org ( 2007 - 07 - 22 ). Retrieved on 2011 - 02 - 12. Bibliography Balaban, Meltem Şenol ( 2009 ). `` Risk society and planning : the case of flood disaster management in turkish cities '' ( PDF ). PhD Thesis. Graduate School of Natural and Applied sciences, Middle East Technical University. pp. 147 ff. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batman. GAP Project page re Batman Batman Province Guide Batman University Website Batman, Turkey in Batman Province of Turkey Districts Batman Beşiri Gercüş Hasankeyf Kozluk Sason List of Provinces by Region Istanbul Istanbul West Marmara Balıkesir Çanakkale Edirne Kırklareli Tekirdağ Aegean Afyonkarahisar Aydın Denizli İzmir Kütahya Manisa Muğla Uşak East Marmara Bilecik Bolu Bursa Düzce Eskişehir Kocaeli Sakarya Yalova West Anatolia Ankara Karaman Konya Mediterranean Adana Antalya Burdur Hatay Isparta Kahramanmaraş Mersin Osmaniye Central Anatolia Aksaray Kayseri Kırıkkale Kırşehir Nevşehir Niğde Sivas Yozgat West Black Sea Amasya Bartın Çankırı Çorum Karabük Kastamonu Samsun Sinop Tokat Zonguldak East Black Sea Artvin Giresun Gümüşhane Ordu Rize Trabzon Northeast Anatolia Ağrı Ardahan Bayburt Erzincan Erzurum Iğdır Kars Central East Anatolia Bingöl Bitlis Elazığ Hakkâri Malatya Muş Tunceli Van Southeast Anatolia Adıyaman Batman Diyarbakır Gaziantep Kilis Mardin Siirt Şanlıurfa Şırnak Metropolitan municipalities are bolded. 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Question: which superhero shares his name with a turkish city
Answer: Batman