Rabies vaccine - wikipedia Rabies vaccine Rabies vaccine Vaccine description Target disease Rabies Type Killed / Inactivated Clinical data AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a607023 ATC code J07BG01 ( WHO ) Identifiers ChemSpider none ( what is this ? ) ( verify ) Rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. There are a number of vaccines available that are both safe and effective. They can be used to prevent rabies before and for a period of time after exposure to the virus such as by a dog or bat bite. The immunity that develops is long lasting after three doses. Doses are usually given by injection into the skin or muscle. After exposure vaccination is typically used along with rabies immunoglobulin. It is recommended that those who are at high risk of exposure be vaccinated before potential exposure. Vaccines are effective in humans and other animals. Vaccinating dogs is very effective in preventing the spread of rabies to humans. Rabies vaccines may be safely used in all age groups. About 35 to 45 percent of people develop a brief period of redness and pain at the injection site. About 5 to 15 percent of people may have fever, headaches, or nausea. After exposure to rabies there is no contraindication to its use. Most vaccines do not contain thimerosal. Vaccines made from nerve tissue are used in a few countries, mainly in Asia and Latin America, but are less effective and have greater side effects. Their use is thus not recommended by the World Health Organization. The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885, which was followed by an improved version in 1908. Millions of people globally have been vaccinated and it is estimated that this saves more than 250,000 people a year. It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 44 and 78 USD for a course of treatment as of 2014. In the United States a course of rabies vaccine is more than 750 USD. Contents 1 Medical uses 1.1 Additional doses 2 Types 3 History 4 Veterinary use 4.1 Dogs 4.2 Wild animals 5 References Medical uses The World Health Organization recommends vaccinating in those who are at high risk of the disease including children who live in areas where it is common. Four doses are given over a one - month period. Additional doses Immunity following a course of doses is typically long lasting. Additional doses are not typically needed except in those at very high risk. Following administration of a booster dose, one study found 97 % of immuno - competent individuals demonstrate protective levels of neutralizing antibodies at 10 years. Types The human diploid cell rabies vaccine ( H.D.C.V. ) was started in 1967. Human diploid cell rabies vaccines are inactivated vaccines made using the attenuated Pitman - Moore L503 strain of the virus. Human diploid cell rabies vaccines have been given to more than 1.5 million people as of 2006. In addition to these developments, newer and less expensive purified chicken embryo cell vaccine, and purified Vero cell rabies vaccine are now available. The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine uses the attenuated Wistar strain of the rabies virus, and uses the Vero cell line as its host. History Virtually all infections with rabies resulted in death until two French scientists, Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux, developed the first rabies vaccination in 1885. This vaccine was first used on a human on July 6, 1885, on nine - year - old Joseph Meister ( 1876 -- 1940 ), who had been mauled by a rabid dog. Their vaccine consisted of a sample of the virus harvested from infected ( and necessarily dead ) rabbits that was weakened by allowing it to dry for 5 to 10 days. Similar nerve tissue - derived vaccines are still used now in some countries, and while they are much cheaper than modern cell culture vaccines, they are not as effective. Neural tissue vaccines also carry a certain risk of neurological complications. Veterinary use A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia 's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. ( February 2015 ) Baits with vaccine for oral vaccination Machine for distribution of baits from airplane Pre-exposure immunization has been used on domesticated and wild populations. In many jurisdictions, domestic dogs, cats, ferrets, and rabbits are required to be vaccinated. Dogs Aside from vaccinating humans, another approach was also developed by vaccinating dogs to prevent the spread of the virus. In 1979 the Van Houweling Research Laboratory of the Silliman University Medical Center in Dumaguete in the Philippines, developed and produced a dog vaccine that gave a three - year immunity from rabies. The development of the vaccine resulted in the elimination of rabies in many parts of the Visayas and Mindanao Islands. The successful program in the Philippines was later used as a model by other countries, such as Ecuador and the Yucatan State of Mexico, in their fight against rabies conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization. In Tunisia a rabies control program was initiated to give dog owners free vaccination to promote mass vaccination which was sponsored by their government. The vaccine is known as Rabisin ( Mérial ), which is a cell based rabies vaccine only used countrywide. Vaccinations are often administered when owners take in their dogs for check - ups and visits at the vet. Wild animals There is also vaccination in pellet form which can be left out for wild animals to produce a herd immunity effect. Oral rabies vaccination ( ORV ) is a preventive measure to eradicate rabies in wild animal vectors of disease, mainly foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs, coyotes and jackals, but also can be used for dogs in developing countries. Baits are distributed by airplanes in rural areas and by hand in urban and suburban areas. The idea of wildlife vaccination was conceived during the 1960s, and modified - live rabies viruses were used for the experimental oral vaccination of carnivores by the 1970s. The development of safe and effective rabies virus vaccines applied in attractive baits resulted in the first field trials in Switzerland in 1978 to immunize red foxes. ORV programs have seen success in preventing the westward spread of raccoon variant rabies in the United States and even eradicating rabies in red foxes in Switzerland. Imrab is an example of a veterinary rabies vaccine containing the Pasteur strain of killed rabies virus. Several different types of Imrab exist, including Imrab, Imrab 3, and Imrab Large Animal. Imrab 3 has been approved for ferrets and, in some areas, pet skunks. References ^ Jump up to : `` Rabies vaccines : WHO position paper '' ( PDF ). Weekly epidemiological record. 32 ( 85 ) : 309 -- 320. Aug 6, 2010. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 2015 - 02 - 27. Jump up ^ Nunnally, Brian ( 2014 ). Vaccine Analysis : Strategies, Principles, and Control. Springer. p. 63. ISBN 9783662450246. Archived from the original on 2016 - 03 - 05. Jump up ^ `` WHO Model List of Essential Medicines ( 19th List ) '' ( PDF ). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Vaccine, Rabies ''. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 6 December 2015. Jump up ^ Shlim, David ( June 30, 2015 ). `` Perspectives : Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization ''. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015. Jump up ^ STATEMENT ON TRAVELLERS AND RABIES VACCINE Jump up ^ `` Rabies - Human Vaccines ''. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012. Jump up ^ Geison GL ( 1978 ). `` Pasteur 's work on rabies : Reexamining the ethical issues diagnosis for developing countries ''. Hastings Center Report. The Hastings Center. 8 ( April ) : 26 --. JSTOR 3560403. PMID 348641. doi : 10.2307 / 3560403. Jump up ^ Plotkin, Stanley A. ( 1980 ). `` Rabies Vaccine Prepared in Human Cell Cultures : Progress and Perspectives ''. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 2 ( 3 ) : 433 -- 448. doi : 10.1093 / clinids / 2.3. 433. Jump up ^ Srivastava AK, Sardana V, Prasad K, Behari M ; Sardana ; Prasad ; Behari ( March 2004 ). `` Diagnostic dilemma in flaccid paralysis following anti-rabies vaccine ''. Neurol India. 52 ( 1 ) : 132 -- 3. PMID 15069272. Archived from the original on 2009 - 08 - 02. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Dr. George W. Beran 's Biography '' Archived April 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine... World Rabies Day. Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 23. Jump up ^ `` One World, One Health Rabies '' Archived 2011 - 07 - 24 at the Wayback Machine... OneHealthInitiative.com. Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 23. Jump up ^ Touihri ; Zaouia, I. ; Elhili, K. ; Dellagi, K. ; Bahloul, C. ( 23 Dec 2009 ). `` Evaluation of Mass Vaccination Campaign Coverage Against Rabies in Dogs in Tunisia ''. Zoonoses and Public Health. Institut Pasteur de Tunis and Blackwell Verlag GmbH. 58 ( 2 ) : 110 -- 8. PMID 20042063. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1863 - 2378.2009. 01306. x. Jump up ^ `` CDC - Signs and Symptoms - Rabies ''. www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2015 - 11 - 09. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 09. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved February 21, 2014. Jump up ^ Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Slate D. `` Oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies : opportunities and challenges in prevention and control ''. Dev Biol ( Basel ). 119 : 173 -- 84. PMID 15742629. Jump up ^ `` Oral Rabies Vaccine Project -- Environmental Epidemiology ''. www.vdh.virginia.gov. Archived from the original on 2017 - 08 - 18. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Switzerland 's Kind of Gross, Incredibly Effective Anti-Rabies Weapon Now I Know ''. nowiknow.com. Archived from the original on 2016 - 02 - 12. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ Merial Archived April 9, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Aspen Skunk Rabies Research, Inc. Archived May 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Artificial induction of immunity / Immunization : Vaccines, Vaccination, Infection, Inoculation ( J07 ) Development Adjuvants List of vaccine ingredients Mathematical modelling Timeline Trials Classes Conjugate vaccine DNA vaccination Inactivated vaccine Live vector vaccine Attenuated vaccine Heterologous vaccine Subunit / component / Peptide / Virus - like particle Toxoid Administration Global : GAVI Alliance Policy Schedule Vaccine injury USA : ACIP Vaccine court Vaccines for Children Program VAERS VSD Vaccines Bacterial Anthrax Brucellosis Cholera Diphtheria Hib Leptospirosis Lyme disease Meningococcus MeNZB NmVac4 - A / C / Y / W - 135 Pertussis Plague Pneumococcal PCV PPSV Q fever Tetanus Tuberculosis BCG Typhoid Ty21a ViCPS Typhus combination : DTwP / DTaP Viral Adenovirus Flu H1N1 ( Pandemrix ) LAIV Hantavirus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis E HPV Cervarix Gardasil Japanese encephalitis Measles Mumps Mumpsvax Polio Sabin Salk Rabies Rotavirus Rubella Smallpox Dryvax Tick - borne encephalitis Varicella zoster chicken pox shingles ( live ) Yellow fever combination : MMR MMRV research : Chikungunya Cytomegalovirus Dengue Ebola Epstein -- Barr virus Hepatitis C HIV Protozoan Malaria RTS, S research : Trypanosomiasis Helminthiasis research : Hookworm Schistosomiasis Other Androvax ( androstenedione albumin ) Cancer vaccines ALVAC - CEA Hepatitis B HPV Cervarix Gardasil NicVAX Ovandrotone albumin ( Fecundin ) TA - CD TA - NIC Controversy General MMR NCVIA Pox party Thiomersal Andrew Wakefield Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services Alternative vaccination schedule Related Epidemiology Eradication of infectious diseases Every Child by Two List of vaccine topics WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabies_vaccine&oldid=800496041 '' Categories : Vaccines Rabies Animal vaccines World Health Organization essential medicines ( vaccines ) French inventions Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Webarchive template wayback links Template : drugs.com link with non-standard subpage Chemicals that do not have a ChemSpider ID assigned Chemical articles without CAS registry number Articles without EBI source Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier Articles without KEGG source Articles without InChI source Articles without UNII source Drugs with no legal status Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields Drugs that are a vaccine All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015 Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from February 2015 RTT Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Ελληνικά فارسی हिन्दी Italiano Magyar മലയാളം မြန်မာဘာသာ 日本 語 ଓଡ଼ିଆ Română Slovenčina Српски / srpski ไทย Yorùbá 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 September 2017, at 22 : 32. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who was responsible for discovering the rabies vaccine
Answer: Louis Pasteur