Hertz - wikipedia Hertz This article is about the unit measure. For other uses, see Hertz ( disambiguation ). `` Hz '' and `` Megahertz '' redirect here. For other uses, see Hz ( disambiguation ) and Megahertz ( disambiguation ). Hertz Unit system SI derived unit Unit of Frequency Symbol Hz Named after Heinrich Hertz In SI base units s Top to bottom : Lights flashing at frequencies f = 0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 2.0 Hz, i.e. at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 flashes per second, respectively. The time between each flash -- the period T -- is given by ​ ⁄ ( the reciprocal of f ), i.e. 2, 1 and 0.5 seconds, respectively. The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 10 Hz, kHz ), megahertz ( 10 Hz, MHz ), gigahertz ( 10 Hz, GHz ), terahertz ( 10 Hz, THz ), petahertz ( 10 Hz, PHz ), and exahertz ( 10 Hz, EHz ). Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio - and audio - related applications. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 Applications 3.1 Vibration 3.2 Electromagnetic radiation 3.3 Computers 4 SI multiples 5 See also 6 Notes and references 7 External links Definition The hertz is defined as one cycle per second. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as `` the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom '' and then adds : `` It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9 192 631 770 hertz, ν ( hfs Cs ) = 9 192 631 770 Hz. '' The dimension of the unit hertz is 1 / time ( 1 / T ). Expressed in base SI units it is 1 / second ( 1 / s ). In English, `` hertz '' is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed ; commonly used multiples are kHz ( kilohertz, 10 Hz ), MHz ( megahertz, 10 Hz ), GHz ( gigahertz, 10 Hz ) and THz ( terahertz, 10 Hz ). One hertz simply means `` one cycle per second '' ( typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle ) ; 100 Hz means `` one hundred cycles per second '', and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event -- for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz. The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second ( 1 / s or s ) in general or, in the specific case of radioactive decay, in becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second, 1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second. Even though angular velocity, angular frequency and the unit hertz all have the dimension 1 / s, angular velocity and angular frequency are not expressed in hertz, but rather in an appropriate angular unit such as radians per second. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute ( rpm ) is said to be rotating at either 2π rad / s or 1 Hz, where the former measures the angular velocity and the latter reflects the number of complete revolutions per second. The conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω = 2 π f ( displaystyle omega = 2 pi f , ) and f = ω 2 π ( displaystyle f = ( \frac ( omega ) ( 2 pi ) ) , ). This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz. As with every International System of Units ( SI ) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case ( Hz ). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it is treated as a common noun and should always begin with a lower case letter ( hertz ) -- except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case. History The hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz ( 1857 -- 1894 ), who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ) in 1930. It was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) ( Conférence générale des poids et mesures ) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, cycles per second ( cps ), along with its related multiples, primarily kilocycles per second ( kc / s ) and megacycles per second ( Mc / s ), and occasionally kilomegacycles per second ( kMc / s ). The term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc., Mc., etc. units. Applications A sine wave with varying frequency A heartbeat is an example of a non-sinusoidal periodic phenomenon that may be analyzed in terms of frequency. Two cycles are illustrated. Vibration Sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of sound waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a particular frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infant 's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz ; the average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16,000 Hz. The range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtohertz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation is often described by its frequency -- the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second -- expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz ( kHz ), megahertz ( MHz ), or gigahertz ( GHz ). Light is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens ( infrared ) to thousands ( ultraviolet ) of terahertz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range ( intermediate between those of the highest normally usable radio frequencies and long - wave infrared light ) is often called terahertz radiation. Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of gamma rays, which can be measured in exahertz ( EHz ). ( For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their wavelengths or photon energies : for a more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see electromagnetic spectrum. ) Computers Further information on why the frequency, including for gigahertz ( GHz ) etc., is a flawed speed indicator for computers : Megahertz myth In computers, most central processing units ( CPU ) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz ( 10 Hz ) or gigahertz ( 10 Hz ). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU 's master clock signal. This signal is a square wave, which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic values at regular intervals. As the hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an easily manipulable benchmark. Some processors use multiple clock periods to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately 1 MHz in the late 1970s ( Atari, Commodore, Apple computers ) to up to 6 GHz in IBM POWER microprocessors. Various computer buses, such as the front - side bus connecting the CPU and northbridge, also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range. SI multiples SI multiples for hertz ( Hz ) Submultiples Multiples Value SI symbol Name Value SI symbol Name 10 Hz dHz decihertz 10 Hz daHz decahertz 10 Hz cHz centihertz 10 Hz hHz hectohertz 10 Hz mHz millihertz 10 Hz kHz kilohertz 10 Hz μHz microhertz 10 Hz MHz megahertz 10 Hz nHz nanohertz 10 Hz GHz gigahertz 10 Hz pHz picohertz 10 Hz THz terahertz 10 Hz fHz femtohertz 10 Hz PHz petahertz 10 Hz aHz attohertz 10 Hz EHz exahertz 10 Hz zHz zeptohertz 10 Hz ZHz zettahertz 10 Hz yHz yoctohertz 10 Hz YHz yottahertz Common prefixed units are in bold face. Higher frequencies than the International System of Units provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of the quantum - mechanical vibrations of high - energy, or, equivalently, massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred from their interactions with other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the equivalent quantum energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of Planck 's constant. See also Alternating current Bandwidth ( signal processing ) Electronic tuner FLOPS Frequency changer Normalized frequency Orders of magnitude ( frequency ) Periodic function Radian per second Rate Unicode CJK Compatibility block which includes common SI units for frequency Notes and references Jump up ^ `` hertz ''. ( 1992 ). American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ( 3rd ed. ), Boston : Houghton Mifflin. Jump up ^ `` SI brochure : Table 3. Coherent derived units in the SI with special names and symbols ''. Jump up ^ `` ( Resolutions of the ) CIPM, 1964 -- Atomic and molecular frequency standards '' ( PDF ). SI brochure, Appendix 1. Jump up ^ NIST Guide to SI Units -- 9 Rules and Style Conventions for Spelling Unit Names, National Institute of Standards and Technology Jump up ^ `` ( d ) The hertz is used only for periodic phenomena, and the becquerel ( Bq ) is used only for stochastic processes in activity referred to a radionuclide. '' `` BIPM -- Table 3 ''. BIPM. Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 24. Jump up ^ `` SI brochure, Section 2.2. 2, paragraph 6 ''. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Jump up ^ `` IEC History ''. Iec.ch. 1904 - 09 - 15. Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 28. Jump up ^ Cartwright, Rufus ( March 1967 ). Beason, Robert G., ed. `` Will Success Spoil Heinrich Hertz ? '' ( PDF ). Electronics Illustrated. Fawcett Publications, Inc. pp. 98 -- 99. Retrieved 2016 - 03 - 29. Jump up ^ Ernst Terhardt ( 20 February 2000 ). `` Dominant spectral region ''. Mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` Black Hole Sound Waves - Science Mission Directorate ''. science. nasa. go. Jump up ^ Atomic vibrations are typically on the order of tens of terahertz Jump up ^ Asaravala, Amit ( 2004 - 03 - 30 ). `` Good Riddance, Gigahertz ''. Wired.com. Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 28. External links SI Brochure : Unit of time ( second ) National Research Council of Canada : Cesium fountain clock National Physical Laboratory : Trapped ion optical frequency standards National Research Council of Canada : Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion National Research Council of Canada : Optical frequency comb Online Tone Generator SI units Authority : International System of Units ( BIPM ) Base units ampere candela kelvin kilogram metre mole second Derived units with special names becquerel coulomb degree Celsius farad gray henry hertz joule katal lumen lux newton ohm pascal radian siemens sievert steradian tesla volt watt weber Other accepted units astronomical unit bar dalton day decibel degree of arc electronvolt hectare hour litre minute minute of arc neper second of arc tonne atomic units natural units See also Conversion of units Metric prefixes Proposed redefinitions Systems of measurement Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hertz&oldid=863923219 '' Categories : SI derived units Units of frequency Heinrich Hertz Hidden categories : CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Use dmy dates from May 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Қазақша Kiswahili Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Nordfriisk Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий پنجابی Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русиньскый Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 中文 78 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 October 2018, at 23 : 58 ( UTC ). 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Question: what does ghz measure in relation to sound
Answer: frequency