Peter Minuit - wikipedia Peter Minuit Peter Minuit, Minnetonka Third Director of New Netherland In office 1626 -- 1631 Preceded by Willem Verhulst Succeeded by Sebastiaen Jansen Krol Personal details 1580 Wesel, Duchy of Cleves, Holy Roman Empire ( modern North Rhine - Westphalia, Germany ) 1638 ( aged 58 ) St. Christopher Peter minuit, Pieter Minuit, Pierre Minuit, or Peter Minnewit ( between 1580 and 1585 -- August 5, 1638 ) was a Walloon from Wesel, in present - day North Rhine - Westphalia, Germany, then part of the Duchy of Cleves. His surname means `` midnight '' in French. He was Director of the Dutch colony of New Netherland from 1626 until 1631, and founded the Swedish colony of New Sweden in 1638. Minuit is generally credited with orchestrating the purchase of Manhattan Island for the Dutch from the Lenape Native Americans. Manhattan later became the site of the Dutch city of New Amsterdam, and the borough of Manhattan of modern - day New York City. A common myth states that Minuit purchased Manhattan for $24 worth of trinkets ; however, a letter written by Dutch merchant Peter Schaghen to directors of the Dutch East India Company stated that Manhattan was purchased `` for the value of 60 guilders, '' an amount worth approximately $1,050 in 2015 dollars. Minuit also founded the Delaware colony in the early 1600s. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Career as director of New Netherland 1.3 Establishing the New Sweden colony 2 Legacy 2.1 Places named after Minuit 2.2 In popular culture 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Notes 5 Further reading 6 External links Biography Early life Peter Minuit was born sometime between 1580 and 1585, into a Protestant family that had moved from the city of Tournai ( presently part of Wallonia, Belgium ) in the Southern Netherlands, to Wesel in Germany, in order to avoid Spanish Catholic colonials, who were not favorably disposed toward Protestants. His father, Johan, died in 1609 and Peter took over management of the household and his father 's business. Peter Minuit had a good reputation in Wesel, attested by the fact that he was several times appointed a guardian. He also assisted the poor during the Spanish occupation of 1614 -- 1619. Peter Minuit married Gertrude Raedts on August 20, 1613. Gertrude was from a wealthy family and she probably helped Peter Minuit establish himself as a broker. What products he dealt in is not known. That it involved diamonds is derived from a legal document, a will, drawn up in 1615, in the Dutch city of Utrecht, mentioning Peter Minnewit as a diamond cutter. By 1624, the city was in an economic decline and in 1625, he had left Wesel and like others, went to Holland. At first, Gertrude went to stay with her relatives in Cleve. Career as director of New Netherland This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2017 ) 1909 drawing of The Purchase of Manhattan Island Minuit and his family joined the Dutch West India Company, probably in the mid-1620s, and was sent to New Netherland in 1625 to search for tradable goods other than the animal pelts that then were the major product coming from New Netherland. He returned in the same year, and in 1626 was appointed the new director of New Netherland, taking over from Willem Verhulst. He sailed to North America and arrived in the colony on May 4, 1626. Minuit is credited with purchasing the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans in exchange for traded goods valued at 60 guilders. According to the writer Nathaniel Benchley, Minuit conducted the transaction with Seyseys, chief of the Canarsees, who were only too happy to accept valuable merchandise in exchange for an island that was mostly controlled by the Weckquaesgeeks. The figure of 60 guilders comes from a letter by a representative of the Dutch States - General and member of the board of the Dutch West India Company, Pieter Janszoon Schagen, to the States - General in November 1626. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 ( or 60 guilders ) to US $ 23. `` ( A ) variable - rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty - four dollars, '' as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, according to the Institute for Social History of Amsterdam. Based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. Historians James and Michelle Nevius revisited the issue in 2014, suggesting that using the prices of beer and brandy as equivalencies, the price Minuit paid would have the purchasing power of somewhere between $2,600 and $15,600 in current dollars. According to researchers at the National Library of the Netherlands, `` The original inhabitants of the area were unfamiliar with the European notions and definitions of ownership rights. For the Indians, water, air and land could not be traded. Such exchanges would also be difficult in practical terms because many groups migrated between their summer and winter quarters. It can be concluded that both parties probably went home with totally different interpretations of the sales agreement. '' A contemporary purchase of rights in nearby Staten Island, to which Minuit also was party, involved duffel cloth, iron kettles, axe heads, hoes, wampum, drilling awls, `` Jew 's harps '', and `` diverse other wares ''. `` If similar trade goods were involved in the Manhattan arrangement '', Burrows and Wallace surmise, `` then the Dutch were engaged in high - end technology transfer, handing over equipment of enormous usefulness in tasks ranging from clearing land to drilling wampum. '' The calculation of $24 also fails to recognize that the concepts of property trading and ownership held by the seventeenth - century Dutch and East Coast natives were both different from modern conceptions. Comparisons to modern land dealing distort the reality of what Minuit was trying to do. Both the Dutch and the Indians undoubtedly included intangibles along with any hard goods in their concept of the total transactional value. For Indians and Minuit alike, both sides felt they were getting far more than a mere 60 guilders. For instance, the natives most certainly would have thought the trade included the value of the Dutch as potential military allies against rival Indian nations -- a ' good ' that could not be valued in currency alone. In addition, the value of the sale to Dutch and Indians, alike, would have included the prospect of future trade. Minuit conducted politics in a measure of democracy in the colony during his time in New Netherland. He was highest judge in the colony, but in both civil and criminal affairs he was assisted by a council of five colonists. This advisory body would advise the director and jointly with him would develop, administer, and adjudicate a body of laws to help govern the colony. In addition there was a schout - fiscal, half - sheriff, half - attorney - general, and the customs officer. During Minuit 's administration, several mills were built, trade grew exponentially, and the population grew to almost 300. In 1631, the Dutch West India Company ( WIC ) suspended Minuit from his post for reasons that are unclear, but probably for ( perhaps unintentionally ) abetting the landowning patroons who were engaging in illegal fur trade and otherwise enriching themselves against the interests and orders of the West India Company. He arrived back in Europe in August 1632 to explain his actions, but was dismissed and was succeeded as director by Wouter van Twiller. It is possible that Minuit had become the victim of the internal disputes over the rights that the board of directors had given to the patroons. Establishing the New Sweden colony In 1636 or 1637, after having lived in Cleves, Germany for several years, Minuit made arrangements with Samuel Blommaert and the Swedish government to create the first Swedish colony in the New World. Located on the lower Delaware River within territory earlier claimed by the Dutch, it was called New Sweden. Minuit and his company arrived on the Fogel Grip and Kalmar Nyckel at Swedes ' Landing ( now Wilmington, Delaware ), in the spring of 1638. They constructed Fort Christina later that year, then returned to Stockholm for a second load of colonists, and made a side trip to the Caribbean on the return to pick up a shipment of tobacco for resale in Europe to make the voyage profitable. During this voyage, Minuit died during a hurricane at St. Christopher in the Caribbean. The losses suffered, such as goods, colonists, and Minuit, caused irreversible damage to Sweden 's colonization attempts. Two years later, Swedish Lt. Måns Nilsson Kling, whose rank was raised to captain, replaced him as governor. Nine expeditions to the colony were carried out before the Dutch captured the colony in 1655, well after Minuit 's death. Legacy Places named after Minuit The Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal 's Peter Minuit Plaza, north of the South Ferry -- Whitehall Street station ( 1, ​ 2 ​, N, ​ R, and ​ W trains ). Following the 400th anniversary celebrations of Henry Hudson 's voyage to Manhattan, a pavilion was opened there to honor the Dutch. Each night at midnight, LED lights around the pavilion 's perimeter glow in honor of Minuit. A marker in Inwood Hill Park at the supposed site of the purchase of Manhattan A granite flagstaff base in Battery Park, which depicts the historic purchase A school and playground in East Harlem, which are named for him. An apartment building at 25 Claremont Avenue in Manhattan, which bears his name above the front entrance The Peter Minuit Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution A memorial on Moltkestraße in Wesel, North Rhine - Westphalia, Germany In popular culture The beginning lines of Rodgers and Hart 's 1939 song `` Give It Back to the Indians '' recount the sale of Manhattan : `` Old Peter Minuit had nothing to lose when he bought the isle of Manhattan / For twenty - six dollars and a bottle of booze, and they threw in the Bronx and Staten / Pete thought he had the best of the bargain, but the poor red man just grinned / And he grunted `` ugh ! '' ( meaning `` okay '' in his jargon ) for he knew poor Pete was skinned. '' One version of Minuit was played by Groucho Marx in the 1957 comedy film The Story of Mankind. Minuit is mentioned on the HBO drama Boardwalk Empire, where the character Edward Bader tells a joke featuring the line, `` ' 50 bucks ? ' the fella says. ' Peter Stuyvesant only paid 24 for the entire island of Manhattan ! ' '', while Steve Buscemi 's ' character Enoch ' Nucky ' Thompson has to correct Bader and inform him that it was in fact Peter Minuit who bought Manhattan, not Stuyvesant. Bob Dylan mentions Minuit in his song `` Hard Times in New York Town '' ( released on The Bootleg Series Volume 1 ) in the following line : Mister Hudson come a-sailing down the stream, / and old Mister Minuit paid for his dream. In the released recording of the song, however, Dylan spoonerizes `` Mister Minuit '' by mispronouncing his name as `` Minnie Mistuit. '' The official lyrics have the correct version of the name, except that Minuit is spelled `` Minuet. '' Minuit is mentioned in the first episode, Uno, of the AMC drama Better Call Saul. Jimmy McGill ( the later titular Saul ), while confronting lawyers at his brother 's law firm, accuses them of being `` like Peter Minuit '' and suggests that they `` throw in some beads and shells '' to the $26,000.00 being given to his brother. Minuit 's purchase of Manhattan is mentioned in the children 's novel, Double Fudge by Judy Blume. See also Dutch colonization of the Americas Dutch Empire List of colonial governors of New Jersey List of colonial governors of New York References Notes ^ Jump up to : Nevius, James ; Nevius, Michelle ( 2014 ). Footprints in New York : Tracing the Lives of Four Centuries of New Yorkers. Guilford, Conn. : Lyons Press. ISBN 9780762796366. Jump up ^ Soniak, Matt. `` Was Manhattan Really Bought for $24 ? ''. MentalFloss. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 16. Jump up ^ http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php. Retrieved 17 May 2017. Missing or empty title = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Peter Minuit '', Wesel.de ^ Jump up to : `` Peter Minuit '', New Netherlands Institute ^ Jump up to : `` Peter Minuit '' ( biography ), Wesel, Germany, webpage : Wesel - Minuit. Jump up ^ Benchley, Nathaniel. `` The $24 Swindle : The Indians who sold Manhattan were bilked, all right, but they did n't mind -- the land was n't theirs anyway. '' American Heritage, Vol. 11, no. 1 ( Dec. 1959 ). Jump up ^ Peter Schaghen Letter with transcription. New Netherland Institute ( 1626 - 11 - 07 ). Retrieved on 2015 - 02 - 16. Jump up ^ Nevius, Michelle ; Nevius, James ( 2009 ). Inside the Apple : A Streetwise History of New York City. Simon and Schuster. p. 9. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4165 - 8997 - 6. ^ Jump up to : Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham : A History of New York City to 1898, ( 1999 : xivff ) Jump up ^ The International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam calculates its value as 60 guilders ( 1626 ) = € 678.91 ( 2006 ), equal to about $1,000 in 2006. Jump up ^ How much would the $24 paid for Manhattan be worth in today 's money ?. The Straight Dope ( 1992 - 07 - 31 ). Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ The Island at the Center of the World. Randomhouse.com ( 2005 - 04 - 09 ). Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ Peter Minuit Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story. Biography.com ( 1940 - 10 - 27 ). Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ Peter Minuit. Historyofholland.com. Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ Bente, Friedrich, 1858 - 1930. American Lutheranism Volume 1 : Early History of American Lutheranism : Lutheran Swedes in Delaware. Concordia : 1919, p. 11. Jump up ^ `` Peter Minuit Playground '', New York City Department of Parks and Recreation Jump up ^ The Annotated Bob Dylan. Reocities.com. Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Jump up ^ Songs The Official Bob Dylan Site Archived 2011 - 09 - 02 at the Wayback Machine... Bobdylan.com. Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 23. Further reading Arand, Tobias. Peter Minuit aus Wesel - Ein rheinischer Überseekaufmann im 17. Jahrhundert ; in : Schöne Neue Welt. Rheinländer erobern Amerika, hg. v. Rheinischen Freilichtmuseum und Landesmuseum für Volkskunde in Kommern, Opladen 1981, 13 - 42 Weslager, C.A. ( 1989 ). A Man and his Ship : Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel. Wilmington, Delaware : Kalmar Nickel Foundation. ISBN 0 - 9625563 - 1 - 9. James Nevius, Michelle Nevius ( 2014 ). Footprints in New York : Tracing the Lives of Four Centuries of New Yorkers. Lyons Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7627 - 9636 - 6. Michelle Nevius, James Nevius ( 2009 ). Inside the Apple : A Streetwise History of New York City. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4165 - 8997 - 6. Russell Shorto ( 2004 ). The Island at the Center of the World : The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. Random House. ISBN 1 - 4000 - 7867 - 9. Jacobs, Jaap. ( 2005 ), New Netherland : A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth - Century America. Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 90 - 04 - 12906 - 5. Mickley, Joseph J. Some account of Willem Usselinx and Peter Minuit : Two individuals who were instrumental in establishing the first permanent colony in Delaware, The Historical Society of Delaware, 1881 External links Project Gutenberg 's Narrative New Netherland, edited by J. Franklin Jameson, includes a footnote about the life of Minuit, but gives an improbable birth date of 1550. `` The Canarsees '', Angelfire Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace : Gotham, 1999. Kenneth T. Jackson, ed. : Encyclopedia of New York City ( 1995 ) Pieter ( later English spelling Peter ) Schaghen, `` Letter on the purchase of Manhattan Island '', Arthur Elmore Bostwick ( 1900 ). `` Minuit, Peter ''. Appletons ' Cyclopædia of American Biography. Political offices Preceded by Willem Verhulst Director of New Netherland May 4, 1626 -- 1631 Succeeded by Sebastiaen Jansen Krol New title new colony Governor of New Sweden March 29, 1638 -- June 15, 1638 Succeeded by Måns Nilsson Kling VIAF : 22936745 LCCN : n93016439 ISNI : 0000 0000 8364 4880 GND : 118734105 SUDOC : 184479487 BIBSYS : 5010398 IATH : w6bp26kp Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&oldid=814668361 '' Categories : 1589 births 1638 deaths Governors of New Sweden People from Wesel Deaths in tropical cyclones People who died at sea Directors of New Netherland German people of Walloon descent Dutch people of Walloon descent Dutch emigrants to New Netherland Hidden categories : Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Webarchive template wayback links Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters Articles needing additional references from May 2017 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Pages using New York City Subway service templates Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Norsk Occitan Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 10 December 2017, at 05 : 11. 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Question: who sold manhattan island to the dutch in 1626
Answer: Peter minuit