Upper middle class - wikipedia Upper middle class This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with France, United Kingdom, and United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( February 2016 ) This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. You can help to improve it by introducing citations that are more precise. ( October 2017 ) Higher education is one of the most distinguishing features of the upper middle class. In sociology, the upper middle class is the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class. This is in contrast to the term lower middle class, which is used for the group at the opposite end of the middle - class stratum, and to the broader term middle class. There is considerable debate as to how the upper middle class might be defined. According to sociologist Max Weber the upper middle class consists of well - educated professionals with postgraduate degrees and comfortable incomes. The American upper middle class is defined similarly using income, education and occupation as the predominant indicators. In the United States, the upper middle class is defined as consisting mostly of white - collar professionals who not only have above - average personal incomes and advanced educational degrees but also a higher degree of autonomy in their work. The main occupational tasks of upper - middle - class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting, and instruction. Contents 1 American upper middle class 1.1 Income 1.2 Values 2 British upper middle class 3 French upper middle class 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Citations 5.2 Bibliography 6 Further reading American upper middle class Main article : Upper middle class in the United States See also : American middle class § The professional / managerial middle class The American middle class ( and its subdivisions ) is not a strictly defined concept across disciplines, as economists and sociologists do not agree on defining the term. In academic models, the term `` upper middle class '' applies to highly - educated, salaried professionals whose work is largely self - directed. Many have postgraduate degrees, with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly may exceed $100,000, with some smaller one - income earners earning incomes in the high five figures. Typical professions for this class include lawyers, physicians, psychologists, certified public accountants, pharmacists, optometrists, stockbrokers, editors, dentists, engineers, professors, architects, school principals, urban planners, civil service executives, and civilian contractors. The upper middle class has grown... and its composition has changed. Increasingly salaried managers and professionals have replaced individual business owners and independent professionals. The key to the success of the upper middle class is the growing importance of educational certification... its lifestyles and opinions are becoming increasingly normative for the whole society. It is in fact a porous class, open to people... who earn the right credentials. -- Dennis Gilbert, The American Class Structure, 1998 In addition to having autonomy in their work, above - average incomes, and advanced educations, the upper middle class also tends to be influential, setting trends and largely shaping public opinion. Overall, members of this class are also secure from economic down - turns and, unlike their counterparts in the statistical middle class, do not need to fear downsizing, corporate cost - cutting, or outsourcing -- an economic benefit largely attributable to their postgraduate degrees and comfortable incomes, likely in the top income quintile or top third. Income Further information : Affluence in the United States, Household income in the United States, and Personal income in the United States While many Americans cite income as the prime determinant of class, occupational status, educational attainment, and value systems are equally important variables. Income is in part determined by the scarcity of certain skill sets. An occupation that requires a scarce skill set which is attained through higher educational degree, and which involves higher autonomy, responsibility and influence, will usually offer higher economic compensation. Qualifying for such higher income often requires that individuals obtain the necessary skills ( e.g., by attending law, medical, or postgraduate school ) and demonstrate the necessary competencies. There are also differences between household and individual income. In 2005, 42 % of US households ( 76 % among the top quintile ) had two or more income earners ; as a result, 18 % of households but only 5 % of individuals had six - figure incomes. To illustrate, two nurses each making $55,000 per year can out - earn, in a household sense, a single attorney who makes a median of $95,000 annually. The sociologists Dennis Gilbert, Willam Thompsonm and Joseph Hickey estimate the upper middle class to constitute roughly 15 % of the population. Using the 15 % figure one may conclude that the American upper middle class consists, strictly in an income sense, of professionals with personal incomes in excess of $62,500, who commonly reside in households with six - figure incomes. The difference between personal and household income can be explained by considering that 76 % of households with incomes exceeding $90,000 ( the top 20 % ) had two or more income earners. Income statistics Data Top third Top quarter Top quintile Top 15 % Top 10 % Top 5 % Household income Lower threshold ( annual gross income ) $65,000 $80,000 $91,705 $100,000 $118,200 $166,200 Exact percentage of households 34.72 % 25.60 % 20.00 % 17.80 % 10.00 % 5.00 % Personal income ( age 25 + ) Lower threshold ( annual gross income ) $37,500 $47,500 $52,500 $62,500 $75,000 $100,000 Exact percentage of individuals 33.55 % 24.03 % 19.74 % 14.47 % 10.29 % 5.63 % Note that the above income thresholds may vary greatly based on region due to significant differences in average income based on region and urban, suburban, or rural development. In more expensive suburbs, the threshold for the top 15 % of income earners may be much higher. For example, in 2006 the ten highest income counties had median household incomes of $85,000 compared to a national average of about $50,000. The top 15 % of all US income earners nationally tend to be more concentrated in these richer suburban counties where the cost of living is also higher. If middle - class households earning between the 50th percentile ( $46,000 ) and the 85th percentile ( $62,500 ) tend to live in lower cost of living areas, then their difference in real income may be smaller than what the differences in nominal income suggest. Values Upper - middle - class people statistically highly value higher education for themselves and their children, favouring pursuit of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. Political ideology is not found to be correlated with social class ; however, a statistical relationship is seen between the level of one 's educational attainment one 's likelihood of subscribing to a particular political ideology. In terms of income, liberals tend to be tied with pro-business conservatives. Most mass affluent households tend to be more right - leaning on fiscal issues but more left - leaning on social issues. The majority, between 50 % and 60 %, of households with incomes above $50,000 overall, not all of whom are upper middle class, supported the Republican Party in the 2000, 2004, and 2006 elections. Nevertheless, those with postgraduate degrees overall statistically favour the Democratic Party. In 2005, 72 % of surveyed full - time faculty members at four - year institutions, the majority of whom would be considered upper middle class, identified themselves as liberal. The upper middle class is often the dominant group to shape society and bring social movements to the forefront. Movements such as the peace movement, the anti-nuclear movement, environmentalism, the anti-smoking movement, and even in the past with blue laws and the temperance movement have been in large part ( although not solely ), products of the upper middle class. Some claim this is because this is the largest class ( and the lowest class ) with any true political power for positive change, while others claim some of the more restrictive social movements ( such as with smoking and drinking ) are based upon `` saving people from themselves. '' British upper middle class Further information : Social class in the United Kingdom § Upper middle class The upper middle class in Britain traditionally consists of the educated professionals who were born into higher income backgrounds, such as legal professionals or executives. This stratum, in England, traditionally uses received pronunciation natively. A typical Mosaic geodemographic type for this group would be cultural leadership. It is also usually assumed that this class is most predominant in the home counties of South East England and the more affluent boroughs of London. Children of this group are often educated at a preparatory school until about 13 years old and then at one of the `` major '' or `` minor '' British public schools which will typically charge fees of at least £ 11,500 per year per pupil ( as of 2013 ) followed by one of the most prestigious universities, often within the Russell Group. French upper middle class Further information : Social class in France This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( November 2016 ) Monique Pinçon - Charlot and Michel Pinçon, sociologists at the French National Center for Scientific Research, suggest that members of the French upper middle class live off their estates, not their salaries. Nevertheless, Catherine Comet and Jean Finez, professors at Lille University of Science and Technology, argue that the French upper middle class is made up of business executives, high - ranking civil servants, surgeons, and the owners of large vineyards. See also Sociology portal Bildungsbürgertum Bourgeoisie Grand Burgher Hipster ( contemporary subculture ) Upper class Yuppie References Citations ^ Jump up to : Thompson & Hickey 2005. Jump up ^ Eichar 1989. ^ Jump up to : Ehrenreich 1989. Jump up ^ `` Middle class according to The Drum Major Institute for public policy ''. Retrieved 25 July 2006. ^ Jump up to : Gilbert 1998 ; Thompson & Hickey 2005. Jump up ^ `` Professional Occupations according to the US Department of Labor ''. Retrieved 26 July 2006. ^ Jump up to : Gilbert 1998. Jump up ^ Ehrenreich 1989 ; Gilbert 1998. Jump up ^ Levine 1998. ^ Jump up to : `` US Census Bureau, income quintile and top 5 % household income distribution and demographic characteristics, 2006 ''. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2006. Jump up ^ `` US Department of Labor, median income of registered nurses ''. Retrieved 2 January 2007. Jump up ^ `` Bureau of Labor statistics data published by Monster.com, 20 highest paying jobs ''. Retrieved 27 December 2006. Jump up ^ `` US Census Bureau, distribution of personal income, 2006 ''. Archived from the original on 23 December 2006. Retrieved 9 December 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` US Census Bureau, overall household income distribution, 2006 ''. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` US Census Bureau, personal income distribution, age 25 +, 2006 ''. Archived from the original on 19 March 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2006. Jump up ^ `` Pew Research Center. ( 10 May 2005 ). Beyond Red vs. Blue ''. Retrieved 12 July 2007. Jump up ^ Arora, Raksha ; Saad, Lydia ( 9 December 2004 ). `` Marketing to the Mass Affluent ''. Gallup Management Journal. Gallup Press. Retrieved 19 July 2007. ^ Jump up to : `` CNN. ( 2000 ). Exit Poll ''. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` CNN. ( 2004 ). Exit Poll ''. Retrieved 27 May 2008. Jump up ^ `` Exit Polls '', CNN.com, 2008. Jump up ^ `` CNN. ( 2006 ). Exit Poll ''. Retrieved 11 July 2007. Jump up ^ Kurtz, Howard ( 29 March 2005 ). `` College Faculties a Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 July 2007. Jump up ^ Delingpole, James ( 17 December 2011 ). `` Thank God I Do n't Have that Ghastly Sense of Entitlement that Eton Instils ''. The Spectator. Retrieved 21 October 2017. Jump up ^ Byrnes, Sholto ( 20 April 2010 ). `` Who 's Posher : Clegg or Cameron ? ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2017. Jump up ^ Farndale, Nigel ( 28 January 2013 ). `` Is There a Private School Prejudice ? ''. The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 October 2017. Jump up ^ Trainor 2000, p. 679. Jump up ^ Pinçon - Charlot & Pinçon 2010. Jump up ^ Comet & Finez 2010, p. 57 : `` Concernant l'origine sociale, plus des deux tiers des dirigeants du cœur de l'élite sont issus de la haute bourgeoisie, contre deux cinquièmes des autres dirigeants. La profession du père la plus citée est `` dirigeant d'entreprise ''... Parmi les autres professions que nous avons codées `` haute bourgeoisie '', on compte principalement des hauts fonctionnaires, des chirurgiens et des viticulteurs propriétaires de grands domaines. '' Bibliography Comet, Catherine ; Finez, Jean ( 2010 ). `` Le cœur de l'élite patronale ''. Sociologies pratiques ( in French ). 2 ( 21 ) : 49 -- 66. doi : 10.3917 / sopr. 021.0049. ISBN 978 - 2 - 7246 - 3205 - 7. ISSN 2104 - 3787. Ehrenreich, Barbara ( 1989 ). Fear of Falling : The Inner Life of the Middle Class. New York : Harper Collins. ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 097333 - 9. Eichar, Douglas M. ( 1989 ). Occupation and Class Consciousness in America. Contributions in Labor Studies. 27. Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 26111 - 4. ISSN 0886 - 8239. Gilbert, Dennis ( 1998 ). The American Class Structure. New York : Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 978 - 0 - 534 - 50520 - 2. Levine, Rhonda ( 1998 ). Social Class and Stratification. Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8476 - 8543 - 1. Trainor, Richard ( 2000 ). `` The Middle Class ''. In Daunton, Martin. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Volume 3 : 1840 -- 1950. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 41707 - 5. Pinçon - Charlot, Monique ; Pinçon, Michel ( 2010 ). Interview with Bourdeau, Vincent ; Flory, Julienne ; Maric, Michel. `` Regard sociologique sur l'oligarchie : Entretien avec Monique Pinçon - Charlot et Michel Pinçon '' ( Sociological view on the oligarchy : Interview with Monique Pinçon - Charlot and Michel Pinçon ). Mouvements ( in French ). 4 ( 64 ) : 22 -- 40. doi : 10.3917 / mouv. 064.0022. ISBN 978 - 2 - 7071 - 6653 - 1. ISSN 1776 - 2995. Thompson, William E. ; Hickey, Joseph V. ( 2005 ). Society in Focus ( 5th ed. ). Boston : Pearson. ISBN 978 - 0 - 205 - 41365 - 2. Further reading Bagley, Bruce Michael ( 1990 ). `` Middle Class ''. In Hanratty, Dennis M. ; Meditz, Sandra W. Colombia : A Country Study ( PDF ) ( 4th ed. ). Washington : Government Printing Office. pp. 87 -- 90. Retrieved 21 October 2017. Lamont, Michèle ( 2012 ). Money, Morals, and Manners : The Culture of the French and the American Upper - Middle Class. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 226 - 92259 - 1. 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Question: how much money to be upper middle class
Answer: incomes commonly may exceed $100,000