South China Sea - wikipedia South China Sea `` West Philippine Sea '' redirects here. For the western part of the Philippine Sea ( lying east of the Philippines ), see Philippine Sea. South China Sea The northeastern portion of the South China Sea Chinese name Simplified Chinese 南海 Traditional Chinese 南海 Hanyu Pinyin Nán Hǎi Literal meaning South Sea Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Nán Hǎi Bopomofo ㄋ ㄢ ˊ ㄏ ㄞ ˇ Wade -- Giles Nan Hai IPA ( nǎn xài ) Wu Romanization noe he Hakka Romanization nam hoi Yue : Cantonese Jyutping naam hoi Southern Min Hokkien POJ lâm - hái Hainanese Romanization nâm - hái Alternative Chinese name Simplified Chinese 南 中国 海 Traditional Chinese 南 中國 海 Hanyu Pinyin Nán Zhōngguó Hǎi Literal meaning South China Sea Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Nán Zhōngguó Hǎi Bopomofo ㄋ ㄢ ˊ ㄓ ㄨ ㄥ ㄍ ㄨ ㄛ ˊ ㄏ ㄞ ˇ Wade -- Giles Nan Chung - kuo Hai IPA ( nǎn ʈʂʊ́ŋkwǒ xài ) Wu Romanization noe tson koh he Hakka Romanization nam dung gued hoi Yue : Cantonese Jyutping naam zung gwok hoi Southern Min Hokkien POJ lâm tiong - kok hái Hainanese Romanization nâm tieng - kuōk hái Vietnamese name Vietnamese Biển Đông Chữ Nôm 匾 東 Literal meaning East Sea Thai name Thai ทะเลจีนใต้ ( thā. lēː t͡ɕīːn tâ ( ː ) j ) ( South China Sea ) RTGS Thale Chin Tai Japanese name Kanji 南 支那 海 or 南シナ海 ( literally `` South Shina Sea '' ) Hiragana みなみ シナ かい Transcriptions Romanization Minami Shina Kai Malay name Malay Laut Cina Selatan ( South China Sea ) Indonesian name Indonesian Laut Cina Selatan / Laut Tiongkok Selatan ( South China Sea ) Laut Natuna Utara ( North Natuna Sea ) Filipino name Tagalog Dagat Timog Tsina ( South China Sea ) Dagat Luzon ( Luzon Sea ) Dagat Kanlurang Pilipinas ( West Philippine Sea ) Portuguese name Portuguese Mar da China Meridional ( South China Sea ) This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 square kilometres ( 1,400,000 sq mi ). The sea carries tremendous strategic importance ; one - third of the world 's shipping passes through it carrying over $3 trillion in trade each year, it contains lucrative fisheries that are crucial for the food security of millions in Southeast Asia, and huge oil and gas reserves are believed to lie beneath its seabed. According to International Hydrographic Organization ( IHO ) Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition ( 1953 ), it is located south of China ; east of Vietnam ; west of the Philippines ; east of the Malay peninsula and Sumatra, up to the Strait of Singapore in the western, and north of the Bangka Belitung Islands and Borneo However, in its unapproved draft 4th edition ( 1986 ), IHO proposed the Natuna Sea, thus the South China Sea southern boundary was shifted northward, from north of Bangka Belitung Islands to north and northeast of Natuna Islands. The minute South China Sea Islands, collectively an archipelago, number in the hundreds. The sea and its mostly uninhabited islands are subject to competing claims of sovereignty by several countries. These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea. Contents 1 Names 2 Geography 3 Extent 4 Geology 5 Islands and seamounts 6 Resources 7 Territorial claims 7.1 2016 ruling 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Names South China Sea is the dominant term used in English for the sea, and the name in most European languages is equivalent. This name is a result of early European interest in the sea as a route from Europe and South Asia to the trading opportunities of China. In the sixteenth century Portuguese sailors called it the China Sea ( Mare da China ) ; later needs to differentiate it from nearby bodies of water led to calling it the South China Sea. The International Hydrographic Organization refers to the sea as `` South China Sea ( Nan Hai ) ''. The Yizhoushu, which was a chronicle of the Western Zhou dynasty ( 1046 -- 771 BCE ) gives the first Chinese name for the South China Sea as Nanfang Hai ( Chinese : 南方 海 ; pinyin : Nánfāng Hǎi ; literally : `` Southern Sea '' ), claiming that barbarians from that sea gave tributes of hawksbill sea turtles to the Zhou rulers. The Classic of Poetry, Zuo Zhuan, and Guoyu classics of the Spring and Autumn period ( 771 -- 476 BCE ) also referred to the sea, but by the name Nan Hai ( Chinese : 南海 ; pinyin : Nán Hǎi ; literally : `` South Sea '' ) in reference to the State of Chu 's expeditions there. Nan Hai, the South Sea, was one of the Four Seas of Chinese literature. There are three other seas, one for each of the four cardinal directions. During the Eastern Han dynasty ( 23 -- 220 CE ), China 's rulers called the Sea Zhang Hai ( Chinese : 漲 海 ; pinyin : Zhǎng Hǎi ; literally : `` distended sea '' ). Fei Hai ( Chinese : 沸 海 ; pinyin : Fèi Hǎi ; literally : `` boil sea '' ) became popular during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period. Usage of the current Chinese name, Nan Hai ( South Sea ), became gradually widespread during the Qing Dynasty. In Southeast Asia it was once called the Champa Sea or Sea of Cham, after the maritime kingdom of Champa that flourished there before the sixteenth century. The majority of the sea came under Japanese naval control during World War II following the military acquisition of many surrounding South East Asian territories in 1941. Japan calls the sea Minami Shina Kai `` South China Sea ''. This was written 南 支那 海 until 2004, when the Japanese Foreign Ministry and other departments switched the spelling to 南シナ海, which has become the standard usage in Japan. In China, it is called the `` South Sea '', 南海 Nánhǎi, and in Vietnam the `` East Sea '', Biển Đông. In Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, it was long called the `` South China Sea '' ( Dagat Timog Tsina in Tagalog, Laut China Selatan in Malay ), with the part within Philippine territorial waters often called the `` Luzon Sea '', Dagat Luzon, by the Philippines. However, following an escalation of the Spratly Islands dispute in 2011, various Philippine government agencies started using the name `` West Philippine Sea ''. A PAGASA spokesperson said that the sea to the east of the Philippines will continue to be called the Philippine Sea. In September 2012, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III signed Administrative Order No. 29, mandating that all government agencies use the name `` West Philippine Sea '' to refer to the parts of the South China Sea within the Philippines ' exclusive economic zone, and tasked the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority ( NAMRIA ) to use the name in official maps. In July 2017, to assert its sovereignty, Indonesia renamed the northern reaches of its exclusive economic zone in the South China Sea as the `` North Natuna Sea '', which is located north of the Indonesian Natuna Islands, bordering the southern Vietnam exclusive economic zone, corresponding to the southern end of the South China Sea. The `` Natuna Sea '' is located south of Natuna Island within Indonesian territorial waters. Therefore, Indonesia has named two seas that are portions of the South China Sea ; the Natuna Sea located between Natuna Islands and the Lingga and Tambelan Archipelagos, and the North Natuna Sea located between the Natuna Islands and Cape Cà Mau on the southern tip of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Geography States and territories with borders on the sea ( clockwise from north ) include : the People 's Republic of China ( including Macau and Hong Kong ), the Republic of China ( Taiwan ), the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore, and Vietnam. Major rivers that flow into the South China Sea include the Pearl, Min, Jiulong, Red, Mekong, Rajang, Pahang, Pampanga, and Pasig Rivers. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization in its Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition ( 1953 ), defines the limits of the South China Sea as follows : On the South. The Eastern and Southern limits of Singapore and Malacca Straits ( A line joining Tanjong Datok, the Southeast point of Johore ( 1 ° 22 ′ N 104 ° 17 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 1.367 ° N 104.283 ° E ﻿ / 1.367 ; 104.283 ) through Horsburgh Reef to Pulo Koko, the Northeastern extreme of Bintan Island ( 1 ° 13.5 ′ N 104 ° 35 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 1.2250 ° N 104.583 ° E ﻿ / 1.2250 ; 104.583 ). The Northeastern coast of Sumatra ) as far West as Tanjong Kedabu ( 1 ° 06 ′ N 102 ° 58 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 1.100 ° N 102.967 ° E ﻿ / 1.100 ; 102.967 ) down the East coast of Sumatra to Lucipara Point ( 3 ° 14 ′ S 106 ° 05 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 3.233 ° S 106.083 ° E ﻿ / - 3.233 ; 106.083 ) thence to Tanjong Nanka, the Southwest extremity of Banka Island, through this island to Tanjong Berikat the Eastern point ( 2 ° 34 ′ S 106 ° 51 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 2.567 ° S 106.850 ° E ﻿ / - 2.567 ; 106.850 ), on to Tanjong Djemang ( 2 ° 36 ′ S 107 ° 37 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 2.600 ° S 107.617 ° E ﻿ / - 2.600 ; 107.617 ) in Billiton, along the North coast of this island to Tanjong Boeroeng Mandi ( 2 ° 46 ′ S 108 ° 16 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 2.767 ° S 108.267 ° E ﻿ / - 2.767 ; 108.267 ) and thence a line to Tanjong Sambar ( 3 ° 00 ′ S 110 ° 19 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 3.000 ° S 110.317 ° E ﻿ / - 3.000 ; 110.317 ) the Southwest extreme of Borneo. On the East. From Tanjong Sambar through the West coast of Borneo to Tanjong Sampanmangio, the North point, thence a line to West points of Balabac and Secam Reefs, on to the West point of Bancalan Island and to Cape Buliluyan, the Southwest point of Palawan, through this island to Cabuli Point, the Northern point thereof, thence to the Northwest point of Busuanga and to Cape Calavite in the island of Mindoro, to the Northwest point of Lubang Island and to Point Fuego ( 14 ° 08'N ) in Luzon Island, through this island to Cape Engano, the Northeast point of Luzon, along a line joining this cape with the East point of Balintang Island ( 20 ° N ) and to the East point of Y'Ami Island ( 21 ° 05'N ) thence to Garan Bi, the Southern point of Taiwan ( Formosa ), through this island to Santyo ( 25 ° N ) its North Eastern Point. On the North. From Fuki Kaku the North point of Formosa to Kiushan Tao ( Turnabout Island ) on to the South point of Haitan Tao ( 25 ° 25'N ) and thence Westward on the parallel of 25 ° 24 ' North to the coast of Fukien. On the West. The Mainland, the Southern limit of the Gulf of Thailand and the East coast of the Malay Peninsula. However, in a revised edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas, 4th edition ( 1986 ), the International Hydrographic Organization officially recognized the Natuna Sea. Thus the southern limit of South China Sea is revised from the Bangka Belitung Islands to the Natuna Islands. Geology See also : Tectonics of the South China Sea Sunset on the South China Sea off Mũi Né village on the south - east coast of Vietnam The sea lies above a drowned continental shelf ; during recent ice ages global sea level was hundreds of metres lower, and Borneo was part of the Asian mainland. The South China Sea opened around 45 million years ago when the `` Dangerous Ground '' rifted away from southern China. Extension culminated in seafloor spreading around 30 million years ago, a process that propagated to the SW resulting in the V - shaped basin we see today. Extension ceased around 17 million years ago. Arguments have continued about the role of tectonic extrusion in forming the basin. Paul Tapponnier and colleagues have argued that as India collides with Asia it pushes Indochina to the SE. The relative shear between Indochina and China caused the South China Sea to open. This view is disputed by geologists who do not consider Indochina to have moved far relative to mainland Asia. Marine geophysical studies in the Gulf of Tonkin by Peter Clift has shown that the Red River Fault was active and causing basin formation at least by 37 million years ago in the NW South China Sea, consistent with extrusion playing a part in the formation of the sea. Since opening the South China Sea has been the repository of large sediment volumes delivered by the Mekong River, Red River and Pearl River. Several of these deltas are rich in oil and gas deposits. Islands and seamounts See also : South China Sea Islands The South China Sea contains over 250 small islands, atolls, cays, shoals, reefs, and sandbars, most of which have no indigenous people, many of which are naturally under water at high tide, and some of which are permanently submerged. The features are grouped into three archipelagos ( listed by area size ), Macclesfield Bank and Scarborough Shoal : South China Sea The Spratly Islands The Paracel Islands The Pratas Islands The Macclesfield Bank The Scarborough Shoal The Spratly Islands spread over an 810 by 900 km area covering some 175 identified insular features, the largest being Taiping Island ( Itu Aba ) at just over 1.3 km long and with its highest elevation at 3.8 metres. The largest singular feature in the area of the Spratly Islands is a 100 km wide seamount called Reed Tablemount, also known as Reed Bank, in the northeast of the group, separated from Palawan Island of the Philippines by the Palawan Trench. Now completely submerged, with a depth of 20 m, it was an island until it sank about 7,000 years ago due to the increasing sea level after the last ice age. With an area of 8,866 km2, it is one of the largest submerged atoll structures in the world. Resources The South China Sea is an extremely significant body of water in a geopolitical sense. It is the second most used sea lane in the world, while in terms of world annual merchant fleet tonnage, over 50 % passes through the Strait of Malacca, the Sunda Strait, and the Lombok Strait. Over 1.6 million m3 ( 10 million barrels ) of crude oil a day are shipped through the Strait of Malacca, where there are regular reports of piracy, but much less frequently than before the mid-20th century. The region has proven oil reserves of around 1.2 km3 ( 7.7 billion barrels ), with an estimate of 4.5 km3 ( 28 billion barrels ) in total. Natural gas reserves are estimated to total around 7,500 km3 ( 266 trillion cubic feet ). A 2013 report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration raised the total estimated oil reserves to 11 billion barrels. In 2014 China began to drill for oil in waters disputed with Vietnam. According to studies made by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Philippines, this body of water holds one third of the entire world 's marine biodiversity, thereby making it a very important area for the ecosystem. However the fish stocks in the area are depleted, and countries are using fishing bans as a means of asserting their sovereignty claims. Indonesia 's maritime waters have been breached by fishing fleets from Vietnam and the Philippines leading to said ships being seized and sunk by Indonesian authorities. China announced in May 2017 a breakthrough for mining methane clathrates, when they extracted methane from hydrates in the South China Sea. Territorial claims Main articles : Territorial disputes in the South China Sea and Spratly Islands dispute Territorial claims in the South China Sea Map of various countries occupying the Spratly Islands Several countries have made competing territorial claims over the South China Sea. Such disputes have been regarded as Asia 's most potentially dangerous point of conflict. Both People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) and the Republic of China ( ROC, commonly known as Taiwan ) claim almost the entire body as their own, demarcating their claims within what is known as the nine - dotted line, which claims overlap with virtually every other country in the region. Competing claims include : Indonesia, China, and Taiwan over waters NE of the Natuna Islands The Philippines, China, and Taiwan over Scarborough Shoal. Vietnam, China, and Taiwan over waters west of the Spratly Islands. Some or all of the islands themselves are also disputed between Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The Paracel Islands are disputed between the PRC, ROC and Vietnam. Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam over areas in the Gulf of Thailand. Singapore and Malaysia along the Strait of Johore and the Strait of Singapore. China and Vietnam have both been vigorous in prosecuting their claims. China ( various governments ) and South Vietnam each controlled part of the Paracel Islands before 1974. A brief conflict in 1974 resulted in 18 Chinese and 53 Vietnamese deaths, and China has controlled the whole of Paracel since then. The Spratly Islands have been the site of a naval clash, in which over seventy Vietnamese sailors were killed just south of Chigua Reef in March 1988. Disputing claimants regularly report clashes between naval vessels. ASEAN in general, and Malaysia in particular, have been keen to ensure that the territorial disputes within the South China Sea do not escalate into armed conflict. As such, Joint Development Authorities have been set up in areas of overlapping claims to jointly develop the area and divide the profits equally without settling the issue of sovereignty over the area. This is true particularly in the Gulf of Thailand. Generally, China has preferred to resolve competing claims bilaterally, while some ASEAN countries prefer multilateral talks, believing that they are disadvantaged in bilateral negotiations with the much larger China and that because many countries claim the same territory only multilateral talks could effectively resolve the competing claims. The overlapping claims over Pedra Branca or Pulau Batu Putih including the neighboring Middle Rocks by both Singapore and Malaysia were settled in 2008 by the International Court of Justice, awarding Pedra Branca / Pulau Batu Puteh to Singapore and the Middle Rocks to Malaysia. In July 2010, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for the People 's Republic of China to resolve the territorial dispute. China responded by demanding the US keep out of the issue. This came at a time when both countries had been engaging in naval exercises in a show of force to the opposing side, which increased tensions in the region. The US Department of Defense released a statement on August 18 where it opposed the use of force to resolve the dispute, and accused China of assertive behaviour. On July 22, 2011, one of India 's amphibious assault vessels, the INS Airavat which was on a friendly visit to Vietnam, was reportedly contacted at a distance of 45 nautical miles from the Vietnamese coast in the disputed South China Sea on an open radio channel by a vessel identifying itself as the Chinese Navy and stating that the ship was entering Chinese waters. The spokesperson for the Indian Navy clarified that as no ship or aircraft was visible from INS Airavat it proceeded on her onward journey as scheduled. The Indian Navy further clarified that `` ( t ) here was no confrontation involving the INS Airavat. India supports freedom of navigation in international waters, including in the South China Sea, and the right of passage in accordance with accepted principles of international law. These principles should be respected by all. '' In September 2011, shortly after China and Vietnam had signed an agreement seeking to contain a dispute over the South China Sea, India 's state - run explorer, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ( ONGC ) said that its overseas investment arm ONGC Videsh Limited had signed a three - year deal with PetroVietnam for developing long - term cooperation in the oil sector and that it had accepted Vietnam 's offer of exploration in certain specified blocks in the South China Sea. In response, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yu issued a protest. The spokesman of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India responded by saying that `` The Chinese had concerns but we are going by what the Vietnamese authorities have told us and have conveyed this to the Chinese. '' The Indo - Vietnamese deal was also denounced by the Chinese state - run newspaper Global Times. Subi Reef being built by China and transformed into an artificial island, 2015 In 1999, Taiwan claimed the entirety of the South China Sea islands under the Lee Teng - hui administration. The entire subsoil, seabed and waters of the Paracels and Spratlys are claimed by Taiwan. In 2012 and 2013, Vietnam and Taiwan butted heads against each other over anti-Vietnamese military exercises by Taiwan. In May 2014, China established an oil rig near the Paracel Islands, leading to multiple incidents between Vietnamese and Chinese ships. In 2017, analysts expect the US, under Donald Trump 's administration, to take a more aggressive stance against China in the South China Sea. 2016 ruling Main article : Philippines v. China In January 2013, the Philippines formally initiated arbitration proceedings against China 's claim on the territories within the `` Nine - Dash Line '' that includes the Spratly Islands, which it said is unlawful under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS ). On July 12, 2016, the arbitral tribunal backed the Philippines, saying that there was no evidence that China had historically exercised exclusive control over the waters or resources, hence there was `` no legal basis for China to claim historic rights '' over the nine - dash line. The tribunal also criticized China 's land reclamation projects and its construction of artificial islands in the Spratly Islands, saying that it had caused `` severe harm to the coral reef environment ''. It also characterized Taiping Island and other features of the Spratly Islands as `` rocks '' under UNCLOS, and therefore are not entitled to a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone. China however rejected the ruling, calling it `` ill - founded ''. Taiwan, which currently administers Taiping Island, the largest of the Spratly Islands, also rejected the ruling. See also East China Sea References Jump up ^ Pacpaco, Ryan Ponce ( 2012 ). `` Rename South China Sea -- solon National ''. journal.com.ph. Retrieved 29 September 2012. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ ( 2 ) ChinaPower, August 4, 2017. Jump up ^ A look at the top issues at Asian security meeting Associated Press, Robin McDowell, July 21, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition '' ( PDF ). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. § 49. Retrieved 7 February 2010. Jump up ^ `` IHO PUBLICATION S - 23, Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition, 1986 ''. IHO. ^ Jump up to : `` Limits of Ocean and Seas '' ( PDF ). International Hydrographic Organization. pp. 108 -- 109. Jump up ^ Tønnesson, Stein ( 2005 ). `` Locating the South China Sea ''. 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Seas and Waterways of the World : An Encyclopedia of History, Uses, and Issues. ABC - CLIO. p. 259. ISBN 978 - 1 - 85109 - 711 - 1. Jump up ^ Quismundo, Tarra ( 2011 - 06 - 13 ). `` South China Sea renamed in the Philippines ''. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 14. Jump up ^ West Philippine Sea Limited To Exclusive Economic Zone, September 14, 2012, International Business Times Jump up ^ Prashanth Parameswaran ( 17 July 2017 ). `` Why Did Indonesia Just Rename Its Part of the South China Sea ? ''. The Diplomat. Jump up ^ Tom Allard ; Bernadette Christina Munthe ( 14 July 2017 ). `` Asserting sovereignty, Indonesia renames part of South China Sea ''. Reuters. Jump up ^ Trần Tất Thắng, Tống Duy Thanh, Vũ Khúc, Trịnh Dánh, Đào Đình Thục, Trần Văn Trị and Lê Duy Bách ( 2000 ). Lexicon of Geological Units of Viet Nam. Department of Geology and Mineral of Việt Nam. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Jon Erickson ; Ernest Hathaway Muller ( 2009 ). 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Indonesia sinks Vietnamese boats to stop illegal fishing, December 5, 2014 Indonesia sinks 3 Vietnamese boats, December 15, 2014. Indonesia sinks 106 foreign boats, October 30, 2015, The Jakarta Post Indonesia sinks 27 foreign boats to stop illegal fishing, 22 February 2016 Indonesia Could Sink 57 More Vessels in War on Illegal Fishing, January 08, 2016 Jump up ^ `` China claims breakthrough in ' flammable ice ' ''. 19 May 2017 -- via www.bbc.com. Jump up ^ `` China Taps Lode of ' Fire Ice ' in South China Sea ''. Jump up ^ `` Direct bilateral dialogue ' best way to solve disputes ' ''. Jump up ^ Resolving S. China Sea disputes pivotal to stability : Clinton archived from the original on 2010 - 07 - 27 ) Jump up ^ Wong, Edward ( February 5, 2010 ). `` Vietnam Enlists Allies to Stave Off China 's Reach ''. The New York Times. ^ Jump up to : `` India - China face - off in South China Sea : Report ''. dna. 2 September 2011. Jump up ^ `` South Asia Analysis Group ''. Jump up ^ GatewayHouse ( 2015 - 06 - 11 ). `` How India is Impacted by China 's Assertiveness in the S. China Sea ''. Gateway House. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 02. ^ Jump up to : Reuters Editorial ( 16 October 2011 ). `` China paper warns India off Vietnam oil deal ''. Reuters India. ^ Jump up to : South Asia Analysis Group ( ( 3 ) ^ Jump up to : Ananth Krishnan. `` China warns India on South China Sea exploration projects ''. The Hindu. Jump up ^ Taiwan sticks to its guns, to U.S. chagrin, July 14, 1999. Jump up ^ `` Taiwan reiterates Paracel Islands sovereignty claim ''. Taipei Times. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2016. Jump up ^ Photo : Taiwan military exercises with Vietnam as an imaginary enemy generals admit Taiping Island, September 5, 2012. Vietnam 's angry at Taiwan as it stages live - fire drill in the Spratlys, 12 August 2012. Vietnam Demands Taiwan Cancel Spratly Island Live Fire, March 1, 2013. Taiwan unmoved by Vietnam 's protest against Taiping drill, September 5, 2012 Jump up ^ `` Q&A : South China Sea dispute ''. BBC News. Jump up ^ Bloomberg News ( 6 June 2014 ). `` Vietnam Says China Still Ramming Boats, Airs Sinking Video ''. Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 June 2014. Jump up ^ Merez, Arianne ( 10 Mar 2017 ). `` US expected to be ' more aggressive ' in South China Sea : analyst ''. ABS - CBN News. Retrieved 11 Mar 2017. Jump up ^ `` Timeline : South China Sea dispute ''. Financial Times. 12 July 2016. Jump up ^ Beech, Hannah ( 11 July 2016 ). `` China 's Global Reputation Hinges on Upcoming South China Sea Court Decision ''. TIME. Jump up ^ `` A UN-appointed tribunal dismisses China 's claims in the South China Sea ''. The Economist. 12 July 2016. Jump up ^ Perlez, Jane ( 12 July 2016 ). `` Beijing 's South China Sea Claims Rejected by Hague Tribunal ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Tom Phillips, Oliver Holmes, Owen Bowcott ( 12 July 2016 ). `` Beijing rejects tribunal 's ruling in South China Sea case ''. The Guardian. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Chow, Jermyn ( 12 July 2016 ). `` Taiwan rejects South China Sea ruling, says will deploy another navy vessel to Taiping ''. The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. Jump up ^ `` South China Sea : Tribunal backs case against China brought by Philippines ''. BBC. 12 July 2016. Jump up ^ Jun Mai, Shi Jiangtao ( 12 July 2016 ). `` Taiwan - controlled Taiping Island is a rock, says international court in South China Sea ruling ''. South China Morning Post. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Further reading Beckman, Robert et al. ( eds. ) ( 2013 ). Beyond Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea : Legal Frameworks for the Joint Development of Hydrocarbon Resources. Edward Elgar. ISBN 978 1 78195 593 2. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Francois - Xavier Bonnet, Geopolitics of Scarborough Shoal, Irasec Discussion Paper 14, November 2012 C. Michael Hogan ( 2011 ) South China Sea Topic ed. P. Saundry. Ed. - in - chief C.J. Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC Clive Schofield et al., From Disputed Waters to Seas of Opportunity : Overcoming Barriers to Maritime Cooperation in East and Southeast Asia ( July 2011 ) UNEP ( 2007 ). Review of the Legal Aspects of Environmental Management in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. UNEP / GEF / SCS Technical Publication No. 9. Wang, Gungwu ( 2003 ). The Nanhai Trade : Early Chinese Trade in the South China Sea. Marshall Cavendish International. ISBN 9789812102416. Keyan Zou ( 2005 ). Law of the sea in East Asia : issues and prospects. London / New York : Rutledge Curzon. ISBN 0 - 415 - 35074 - 3 United States. Congress. ( 2014 ). Maritime Sovereignty in the East and South China Seas : Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces of the Committee on Armed Services Meeting Jointly with the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Serial No. 113 - 137 ), House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, Hearing held January 14, 2014 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to South China Sea. Wikinews has news related to : South China Sea ASEAN and the South China Sea : Deepening Divisions Q&A with Ian J. Storey ( July 2012 ) Rising Tensions in the South China Sea, June 2011 Q&A with Ian J. Storey News collections on The South China Sea on China Digital Times The South China Sea on Google Earth - featured on Google Earth 's Official Blog South China Sea Virtual Library - online resource for students, scholars and policy - makers interested in South China Sea regional development, environment, and security issues. Energy Information Administration - The South China Sea Tropical Research and Conservation Centre - The South China Sea Weekly Piracy Report Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand UNEP / GEF South China Sea Knowledge Documents Audio Radio communication between United States Navy Boeing P - 8A Poseidon aircraft operating under international law and the Chinese Navy warnings. South China Sea Pratas Islands Pratas Island Paracel Islands Amphitrite Group Rocky Island Tree Island West Sand Woody Island Qilian Yu Crescent Group Money Island Robert Island Yagong Island Other features Bombay Reef Triton Island NorthEast SCS Zhongsha Islands Macclesfield Bank Walker Shoal Scarborough Shoal Spratly Islands List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands Great wall of sand Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases Vietnamese DK1 rigs List of airports in the Spratly Islands Dangerous Ground NW North Danger Reef Northeast Cay Southwest Cay Thitu Reefs Thitu Island Subi Reef Loaita Banks Lankiam Cay Loaita Island Tizard Banks Ban Than Reef Gaven Reefs Itu Aba Namyit Island Sand Cay NNW Irving Reef West York Island WNW Western Reef NE Flat Island Nanshan Island Reed Bank Third Thomas Shoal SE Commodore Reef First Thomas Shoal Mischief Reef Sabina Shoal Second Thomas Shoal SW Union Banks Collins Reef Hughes Reef Johnson South Reef Sin Cowe Island Ardasier Reef Cornwallis South Reef Dallas Reef Erica Reef Investigator Shoal Mariveles Reef West London Reefs Central London Reef Cuarteron Reef East London Reef West London Reef Bombay Castle Fiery Cross Reef Ladd Reef Spratly Island East Royal Captain Shoal Half Moon Shoal South Amboyna Cay Louisa Reef Swallow Reef Southern SCS James Shoal Luconia Shoals Tudjuh Archipelago Natuna Islands Anambas Islands Badas Islands Tambelan Archipelago History Territorial disputes History of the Spratly Islands Nine - dotted line Spratly Islands dispute Philippines and the Spratly Islands Battle of the Paracel Islands ( 1974 ) Southwest Cay incident ( 1975 ) Johnson South Reef Skirmish ( 1988 ) Scarborough Shoal standoff ( 2012 ) Haiyang Shiyou 981 standoff ( 2014 ) Transport Ships Coconut Princess Airports Pratas Is Paracel Islands Airports Woody Is Spratly Islands Airports Itu Aba Spratly Is Swallow Reef Thitu Is Seas of the Philippines Ocean Pacific Ocean Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Philippine Sea Samar Sea Sibuyan Sea Sulu Sea Visayan Sea South China Sea Strait Babuyan Channel Balintang Channel Balabac Strait Basilan Strait Burias Pass Canigao Channel Cebu Strait Guimaras Strait Iloilo Strait Jintotolo Channel Linapacan Strait Luzon Strait Mindoro Strait Polillo Strait San Bernardino Strait San Juanico Strait Surigao Strait Tablas Strait Tañon Strait Tapiantana Channel Ticao Pass Verde Island Passage Gulf Albay Gulf Asid Gulf Davao Gulf Lagonoy Gulf Leyte Gulf Lingayen Gulf Moro Gulf Panay Gulf Ragay Gulf See also : Bodies of water of the Philippines Seas of China Yellow Sea East China Sea South China Sea Bohai Sea Sea of Japan Indonesian seas Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Sea Andaman Sea Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Celebes Sea Ceram Sea Flores Sea Halmahera Sea Java Sea Molucca Sea Natuna Sea Philippine Sea Savu Sea South China Sea Timor Sea Strait Alas Strait Alor Strait Badung Strait Bali Strait Bangka Strait Berhala Strait Dampier Strait Gaspar Strait Karimata Strait Laut Strait Lombok Strait Madura Strait Makassar Strait Malacca Strait Mentawai Strait Ombai Strait Pitt Strait Riau Strait Rupat Strait Sape Strait Selayar Strait Singapore Strait Sumba Strait Sunda Strait Torres Strait Wetar Strait Gulf Balikpapan Bay Bintuni Bay Boni Gulf Cenderawasih Bay Jakarta Bay Lampung Gulf Pelabuhanratu Gulf Saleh Bay Semangka Gulf Tolo Bay Tomini Gulf Earth 's oceans and seas Arctic Ocean Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Prince Gustav Adolf Sea Pechora Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea Atlantic Ocean Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Lion Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Marmara Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea Indian Ocean Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bali Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Java Sea Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea Pacific Ocean Arafura Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Ceram Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea Yellow Sea Southern Ocean Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser - Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea Endorheic basins Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea Book Coordinates : 12 ° N 113 ° E ﻿ / ﻿ 12 ° N 113 ° E ﻿ / 12 ; 113 VIAF : 238357174 LCCN : sh85125572 GND : 4058412 - 4 NDL : 00965289 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_China_Sea&oldid=808186980 '' Categories : South China Sea Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean Maritime Southeast Asia Seas of Indonesia Seas of Malaysia Seas of the Philippines Bodies of water of Brunei Seas of China Bodies of water of Hong Kong Bodies of water of Macau Bodies of water of Singapore Seas of Taiwan Bodies of water of Vietnam Disputed territories in Southeast Asia Territorial disputes of China Territorial disputes of Malaysia Territorial disputes of Vietnam Territorial disputes of the Philippines Territorial disputes of the Republic of China Indonesia -- Vietnam border Malaysia -- Vietnam border Seas of Asia Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2017 CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles containing simplified Chinese - 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Question: where is the south china sea located on a world map
Answer: from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan