Disability discrimination Act 1995 - wikipedia Disability discrimination Act 1995 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to make it unlawful to discriminate against disabled persons in connection with employment, the provision of goods, facilities and services or the disposal or management of premises ; to make provision about the employment of disabled persons ; and to establish a National Disability Council Citation 1995 c 50 Territorial extent Northern Ireland ( formerly in England and Wales ; and in Scotland ) Dates Royal assent 1995 Repealed 1 October 2010 ( England and Wales ; Scotland ). Other legislation Repealed by Equality Act 2010 Status : Unknown Text of statute as originally enacted Revised text of statute as amended Disability Theory and models Disability theory Ableism / Disablism Medical model Social model Education Mainstreaming Individualized Education Program ( IEP ) Special needs Special school Special education Learning disability Therapy Physical Occupational Speech Societal implications Disability rights movement Inclusion Normalization People - first language Pejorative terms Personal assistance Unlicensed assistive personnel ( ADLs ) Orthotics and braces Prosthetics Assistive technology Assisted living Mobility aid Physical accessibility Universal design Web accessibility Socioeconomic assistance Social Security Disability Insurance Supplemental Security Income Ticket to Work Disability Living Allowance Disabled students allowance Disabled Persons Railcard Freedom Pass Assured Income for the Severely Handicapped Groups Organizations National Telecommuting Institute Society for Disability Studies Disabled Peoples ' International ( DPI ) Visitability Disabled sports Special Olympics Paralympic Games Deaflympics Invictus Games Culture Disability in the arts Disability art Disability in the media Disability portal Disability Lists The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 ( c 50 ) ( informally, and hereafter, the DDA ) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010, except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport. The DDA is a civil rights law. Other countries use constitutional, social rights or criminal law to make similar provisions. The Equality and Human Rights Commission combats discrimination. Equivalent legislation exists in Northern Ireland, which is enforced by the Northern Ireland Equality Commission. Contents 1 History 2 Service providers 3 Amending legislation 4 Principles 5 Cases 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External links History The Act was the culmination of a public campaign, and at least 100,000 people in demonstrations, to force the government to end state and business discrimination against disabled people. While the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 guaranteed minimum standards for equality on grounds of race and gender, there had been very little concerning disabled people. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( November 2015 ) Service providers In addition to imposing obligations on employers, the Act placed duties on service providers and required `` reasonable adjustments '' to be made when providing access to goods, facilities, services and premises. The duties on service providers have been introduced in three stages : Since 2 December 1994 -- It has been unlawful for service providers to treat disabled people less favourably for a reason related to their disability ; Since 1 October 2002 -- Service providers have had to make ' reasonable adjustments ' for disabled people, such as providing extra help or making changes to the way they provide their services. Since 1 October 2004 -- Service providers may have to make other ' reasonable adjustments ' in relation to the physical features of their premises to overcome physical barriers to access. Amending legislation The Act was amended by the following legislation in Great Britain ( but not Northern Ireland, where different amendments apply ) : The Disability Rights Commission Act 1999, which replaced the National Disability Council with the Disability Rights Commission ( DRC ) ; The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 inserted new provisions in Part 4 of the DDA 1995 in connection with disability discrimination in schools and other educational establishments ; The Private Hire Vehicles ( Carriage of Guide Dogs etc ) Act 2002, which prevented operators of such vehicles refusing to take assistance dogs, or making additional charges for such dogs. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 ( Amendment ) Regulations 2003, and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 ( Pensions ) Regulations 2003 which amended the DDA in line with the EU employment directive. The Disability Discrimination Act 2005, which completed the implementation of the Disability Rights Task Force recommendations, including the extension of the DDA 1995 to cover public transport, and the introduction of a duty on public authorities to promote equality for disabled people. The Equality Act 2006 which transferred the role of the Disability Rights Commission to the Equality and Human Rights Commission ( EHRC ). The EHRC took on this role from 1 October 2007, and has powers to issue guidance on and enforce all the equality enactments ( covering race, sex, disability, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age ). Principles This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2018 ) This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( February 2018 ) The DDA 1995 departed from the fundamental principles of older UK discrimination law ( the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Race Relations Act 1976 ). These Acts, also repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010, made direct discrimination and indirect discrimination unlawful. However, these concepts are insufficient to deal with the issues of disability discrimination. The core concepts in the DDA 1995 are, instead : less favourable treatment for a reason related to a disabled person 's disability ; and failure to make a `` reasonable adjustment ''. `` Reasonable adjustment '' or, as it is known in some other jurisdictions, ' reasonable accommodation ', is the radical concept that makes the DDA 1995 so different from the older legislation. Instead of the rather passive approach of indirect discrimination ( where someone can take action if they have been disadvantaged by a policy, practice or criterion that a body with duties under the law has adopted ), reasonable adjustment is an active approach that requires employers, service providers etc. to take steps to remove barriers from disabled people 's participation. For example : employers are likely to find it reasonable to provide accessible IT equipment ; many shops are likely to find it reasonable to make their premises accessible to wheelchair users ; councils are likely to find it reasonable to provide information in alternative formats ( such as large print ) as well as normal written form. The Disability Rights Commission 's Codes of Practice give more information to bodies with duties on assessing whether a particular adjustment is reasonable. In general, the factors to consider would include : whether the proposed adjustment would meet the needs of the disabled person ; whether the adjustment is affordable ; whether the adjustment would have a serious effect on other people. Sometimes there may be no reasonable adjustment, and the outcome is that a disabled person is treated less favourably. For example, if a person was not able to understand the implications of entering into a mortgage or loan agreement, and they did not have anyone authorised to act for them, it would not make sense to require a bank or building society to enter into that agreement. The Act therefore permits employers and service providers to justify less favourable treatment ( and in some instances failure to make a reasonable adjustment ) in certain circumstances. An example would be a medieval castle open for public tours that did n't have modifications made for wheelchairs. To do so would destroy the castle 's historical aspects such as the restrictive nature of the original circular staircases. The system of protection of disabled people, especially those with mental health problems to keep their homes, has been greatly enhanced by certain recent rulings in the UK Court of Appeal -- City of Manchester v Romano. Under the act it is unlawful to discriminate against a disabled person by evicting them or subjecting them to other detriment unless justified under the limited number of justifications set out in the act. In practice the only relevant justification is that the landlord believes and also that it is objectively necessary for the protection of the health or safety of the disabled person or someone else. Where the cause of the taking of proceedings is e.g. rent arrears which was caused by the disability e.g. by Housing Benefit being cancelled through non response to correspondence and the non response was caused by the disability, then not only is it discrimination, but it is discrimination which can not be justified on the grounds allowed in the act. This applies whether or not the landlord knew of the disability. This applies even if the landlord has a mandatory ground for possession, e.g. two months rent arrears or two months notice no reason in cases of assured shorthold tenancy where the actual reason is rent arrears the tenancy is one where there is no statutory system of protection, e.g. where in LA temporary accommodation under the homelessness duty the tenancy is a business tenancy The tenant may counter-claim and seek an injunction restraining the landlord from continuing the possession proceedings. The judges were very worried about the extent of the law and urged Parliament to change it. However, there has since been a new act of Parliament and there was no weakening of this protection. Cases Coleman v Attridge Law AG Maduro ' opinion ( C ‐ 303 / 06 ) ( 2007 ) IRLR 88 Paul v National Probation Service ( 2004 ) IRLR 190, ( 2003 ) UKEAT 0290_03_1311 Chacon Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA ( 2007 ) All ER ( EC ) 59 ( C - 13 / 05 ) Goodwin v Patent Office ( 1999 ) ICR 302, on a person with paranoid schizophrenia Vicary v British Telecommunications plc ( 1999 ) IRLR 680, per Morison J Leonard v Southern Derbyshire Chamber of Commerce ( 2001 ) IRLR 19 Clark v TDG Ltd ( t / a Novacold Ltd ) ( 1999 ) IRLR 318 Jones v Post Office ( 2001 ) IRLR 384 Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd ( 2004 ) IRLR 395 Archibald v Fife Council ( 2004 ) UKHL 32 See also UK labour law Disability discrimination act -- general definition, and list of acts by country Disability rights movement Disability rights activism Easy Access on public transport, etc. Persons with reduced mobility Notes Jump up ^ See Scope, ' The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 : The campaign for civil rights ' ( 2 November 2015 ) youtube.com Jump up ^ `` England and Wales Court of Appeal ( Civil Division ) Decisions - Manchester v Romano & Anor ( 2004 ) ''. British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 29 June 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2018. External links Equality and Human Rights Commission : Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 2302 The Disability Discrimination Codes of Practice ( Employment and Occupation, and Trade Organisations and Qualifications Bodies ) Appointed Day Order 2004 From legislation.gov.uk Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 1005 The Disability Discrimination ( Guidance on the Definition of Disability ) Appointed Day Order 2006 From legislation.gov.uk Article on DDA from Directgov -- UK govt information Building websites to comply with the UK DDA Disabled Go List of resources from Disabled Go, a website founded by wheelchair user Gregory Burke Disability Statistics Some recent disability statistics United Kingdom legislation Pre-Parliamentary legislation List of English statutes Charter of Liberties Magna Carta Acts of Parliament by states preceding the Kingdom of Great Britain Parliament of England to 1483 1485 -- 1601 1603 -- 1641 Interregnum ( 1642 -- 1660 ) 1660 -- 1699 1700 -- 1706 Parliament of Scotland to 1706 Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 -- 1719 1720 -- 1739 1740 -- 1759 1760 -- 1779 1780 -- 1800 Acts of the Parliament of Ireland to 1700 1701 -- 1800 Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1801 -- 1819 1820 -- 1839 1840 -- 1859 1860 -- 1879 1880 -- 1899 1900 -- 1919 1920 -- 1939 1940 -- 1959 1960 -- 1979 1980 -- 1999 2000 to date Halsbury 's Statutes Legislation.gov.uk Short titles relating to the European Union 1972 to date Church of England measures List Church of England Assembly ( Powers ) Act 1919 Legislation of devolved institutions Acts of the Scottish Parliament List Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales List Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland Orders - in - Council / Orders in Council Orders - in - Council for Northern Ireland ( 1972 - 2009 ) Orders in Council for Northern Ireland Secondary legislation United Kingdom Statutory Instruments various Scottish Statutory Instruments Acts of Sederunt Acts of Adjournal all others Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disability_Discrimination_Act_1995&oldid=826940641 '' Categories : Disability law in the United Kingdom United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1995 Anti-discrimination law in the United Kingdom Special education in the United Kingdom Web accessibility Disability legislation Disability in Northern Ireland Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from September 2013 Use British English from September 2013 Articles to be expanded from November 2015 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Articles needing additional references from February 2018 All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from February 2018 All articles that may contain original research Talk Contents About Wikipedia Simple English Edit links This page was last edited on 21 February 2018, at 21 : 14. 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Question: when was the disability discrimination act first introduced
Answer: 1995