Monument to the Great fire of London - wikipedia Monument to the Great fire of London Modern day view of the Monument, designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Viewing platform at the top of the Monument. The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known simply as the Monument, is a Doric column in the City of London, near the northern end of London Bridge, that commemorates the Great Fire of London. It stands at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, 202 ft ( 62 m ) tall and 202 ft ( 62 m ) from the spot in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire started on 2 September 1666. Another monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks the point near Smithfield where the fire was stopped. Constructed between 1671 and 1677, it was built on the site of St. Margaret 's, Fish Street, the first church to be burnt down by the Great Fire. The Monument comprises a fluted Doric column built of Portland stone topped with a gilded urn of fire. It was designed by Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke. Its height marks its distance from the site of the shop of Thomas Farriner ( or Farynor ), the king 's baker, where the Great Fire began. The top of the Monument is reached by a narrow winding staircase of 311 steps. A mesh cage was added in the mid-19th century at the top to prevent people jumping off, after six people had committed suicide from the structure between 1788 and 1842. Three sides of the base carry inscriptions in Latin. The one on the south side describes actions taken by King Charles II following the fire. The one on the east describes how the Monument was started and brought to perfection, and under which mayors. Inscriptions on the north side describe how the fire started, how much damage it caused, and how it was eventually extinguished. The Latin words `` Sed Furor Papisticus Qui Tamdiu Patravit Nondum Restingvitur '' ( but Popish frenzy, which wrought such horrors, is not yet quenched ) were added to the end of the inscription on the orders of the Court of Aldermen in 1681 during the foment of the Popish Plot. Text on the east side originally falsely blamed Roman Catholics for the fire ( `` burning of this protestant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the popish faction '' ), which prompted Alexander Pope ( himself a Catholic ) to say of the area : Where London 's column, pointing at the skies, Like a tall bully, lifts the head, and lies. -- Moral Essays, Epistle iii. line 339 ( 1733 -- 1734 ). The words blaming Catholics were chiselled out with Catholic Emancipation in 1830. The west side of the base displays a sculpture, by Caius Gabriel Cibber, in alto and bas relief, of the destruction of the City ; with Charles II and his brother, James, the Duke of York ( later James II ), surrounded by liberty, architecture, and science, giving directions for its restoration. The nearest London Underground station is Monument. It is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument. Contents 1 History 2 As a scientific instrument 3 Panoramic camera system 4 In fiction 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links History The Monument depicted in a picture by Sutton Nicholls, c. 1753. The first Rebuilding Act, passed in 1669, stipulated that `` the better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation '', a column of either brass or stone should be set up on Fish Street Hill, on or near the site of Farynor 's bakery, where the fire began. Christopher Wren, as surveyor - general of the King 's Works, was asked to submit a design. Wren worked with Robert Hooke on the design of the monument. It is impossible to disentangle the collaboration between Hooke and Wren, but Hooke 's drawings of possible designs for the column still exist, with Wren 's signature on them indicating his approval of the drawings rather than their authorship. It was not until 1671 that the City Council approved the design, and it was another six years before the 202 ft column was complete. It was two more years before the inscription ( which had been left to Wren -- or to Wren 's choice -- to decide upon ) was set in place. `` Commemorating -- with a brazen disregard for the truth -- the fact that ' London rises again... three short years complete that which was considered the work of ages. ' '' Views published in The Graphic, 1891. Dragons sculpture on the side of the Monument Hooke 's surviving drawings show that several versions of the monument were submitted for consideration : a plain obelisk, a column garnished with tongues of fire, and the fluted Doric column that was eventually chosen. The real contention came with the problem of what type of ornament to have at the top. Initially, Wren favoured a statue of a phoenix with outstretched wings rising from the ashes, but as the column neared completion he decided instead on a 15 ft statue either of Charles II, or a sword - wielding female to represent a triumphant London ; the cost of either being estimated at £ 1,050. Charles himself disliked the idea of his statue atop the monument and instead preferred a simple copper - gilded ball `` with flames sprouting from the top '', costing a little over £ 325, but ultimately it was the design of a flaming gilt - bronze urn suggested by Robert Hooke that was chosen. The total cost of the monument was £ 13,450 11s 9d., of which £ 11,300 was paid to the mason - contractor Joshua Marshall. ( Joshua Marshall was Master of The Worshipful Company of Masons of The City of London in 1670 ) The Edinburgh - born writer James Boswell visited the Monument in 1763 to climb the 311 steps to what was then the highest viewpoint in London. Halfway up, he suffered a panic attack, but persevered and made it to the top, where he found it `` horrid to be so monstrous a way up in the air, so far above London and all its spires ''. The area around the base of the column, Monument Street, was pedestrianised in 2006 in a £ 790,000 street improvement scheme. The Monument closed in July 2007 for an 18 - month, £ 4.5 million refurbishment project and re-opened in February 2009. Between 1 and 2 October 2011, a Live Music Sculpture created especially for the Monument by British composer Samuel Bordoli was performed 18 times during the weekend. This was the first occasion that music had ever been heard inside the structure and effectively transformed Wren 's design into a gigantic reverberating musical instrument. As a scientific instrument Wren and Hooke built the monument to double - up as a scientific instrument. It has a central shaft meant for use as a zenith telescope and for use in gravity and pendulum experiments that connects to an underground laboratory for observers to work ( accessible through a hatch in the floor of the present - day ticket booth ). Vibrations from heavy traffic on Fish Street Hill rendered the experimental conditions unsuitable. At the top of the monument, a hinged lid in the urn covers the opening to the shaft. The steps in the shaft of the tower are all six inches high, allowing them to be used for barometric pressure studies. Panoramic camera System During the 2007 -- 2009 refurbishment, a 360 - degree panoramic camera was installed on top of the Monument. Updated every minute and running 24 hours a day, it provides a record of weather, building and ground activity in the City. Panorama of London taken from the top of the Monument In fiction View down the interior staircase. View up. William Godwin, in his novel Deloraine ( 1833 ), suggests that, like `` the man we are told of, who climbed over the rails at the top of the Monument of London, and clung to them for a while on the outside, there was not room for repentance '', meaning that there was no way for the hero, who has just killed his rival, to go back ( 147 ). Charles Dickens, in his novel Martin Chuzzlewit, published in 1844, describes the Monument thus : if the day were bright, you observed upon the house -- tops, stretching far away, a long dark path ; the shadow of the Monument ; and turning round, the tall original was close beside you, with every hair erect upon his golden head, as if the doings of the city frightened him. The Monument is a prominent setting in The System of the World, the third book in Neal Stephenson 's Baroque Cycle. George, the hero of Charlie Fletcher 's children 's book about unLondon Stoneheart, has a fight at the top of the Monument with a raven and a gargoyle. Robert Hooke, who designed the Monument with Christopher Wren, investigates the sinister murder of a blood drained boy discovered on the banks of the River Fleet. Harry Hunt, Robert Hooke 's assistant, is chased up to the top of the monument after witnessing a murder. The monuments viewing platform features in the 1970 film The Man Who Haunted Himself where Roger Moore 's character Harold Pelham meets a company rival for a secret meeting prior to a company takeover. See also History of London References ^ Jump up to : City of London, The Monument Jump up ^ Timbs, John ( 1855 ). Curiosities of London : Exhibiting the Most Rare and Remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis. D. Bogue. p. 571. Jump up ^ Historic England. `` Details from listed building database ( 1193901 ) ''. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 September 2015. Jump up ^ Inwood, Stephen ( 28 February 2011 ). The Man Who Knew Too Much ( Kindle Locations 2863 - 2865 ). Macmillan Publishers UK. Kindle Edition. ^ Jump up to : Tinniswood, Adrian, His Invention so Fertile : A Life of Christopher Wren ( Oxford Press, 2001 ) p. 232 Jump up ^ City of London -- Street Scene Challenge -- The Monument Jump up ^ City of London -- Proposals and Priorities, p166 Jump up ^ `` The Project ''. www.themonument.info. City of London. 30 July 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007. Jump up ^ City of London 's Monument hosts live music performance Jump up ^ Higgitt, Rebekah ; Heggie, Vanessa ( 7 August 2013 ). `` The H Word Higgitt and Heggie blog : Last night 's radio : Seven Ages of Science ''. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 August 2017. Jump up ^ Jardine, Lisa ( 6 September 2004 ). The Curious Life of Robert Hooke : The Man Who Measured London. Harper Perennial. p. 171. ISBN 978 - 0007151752. Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170810-the-medieval-lab-hidden-inside-a-famous-monument ^ Jump up to : John Christopher ( 15 February 2012 ). Wren 's City of London Churches. Amberley Publishing Limited. pp. 87 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4456 - 1109 - 9. Jump up ^ The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens Godwin, William. Deloraine in Collected Novels and Memoirs of William Godwin vol. 8. ed. Maurice Hindle. London : William Pickering, 1992. Further reading On a Grander Scale : The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren ( ISBN 0 - 00 - 710775 - 7 hardback, ISBN 0 - 00 - 710776 - 5 paperback ) External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` Monument to the Great Fire of London '' dated 2012 - 09 - 23, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Monument to the Great Fire of London. Official Monument website City of London Monument page http://www.themonument.org.uk Coordinates : 51 ° 30 ′ 36 '' N 0 ° 05 ′ 10 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 51.51013 ° N 0.086001 ° W ﻿ / 51.51013 ; - 0.086001 History of The Monument with some account of the great fire of London, which it commemorates ( 1921 ), by Charles Welch 3D photoscan of the base or the Monument showing Latin inscription History of London Evolution Londinium Lundenwic City of London City of Westminster Middlesex County of London Greater London Timeline Periods Roman London Anglo - Saxon London Norman and Medieval London Tudor London Stuart London 18th - century London 19th - century London 1900 -- 39 The Blitz 1945 -- 2000 21st century Events Peasants ' Revolt Black Death Great Plague Great Fire 1854 cholera outbreak Great Stink Great Exhibition 1908 Franco - British Exhibition The Battle of Cable Street Festival of Britain Great Smog Swinging London London Plan 1966 FIFA World Cup Final 7 / 7 bombings Olympic Games ( 1908 1948 2012 ) 2012 Summer Paralympics Grenfell Tower fire Government Metropolitan Board of Works London County Council Greater London Council Greater London Authority London Assembly Mayor of London London independence Services Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Service London Ambulance Service London Fire Brigade Port of London Authority London sewerage system London Underground City of London City of London Corporation Lord Mayor of the City of London Wards of the City of London Guildhall Livery Companies Lord Mayor 's Show City of London Police Bank of England Structures St Paul 's Cathedral Tower of London Palace of Whitehall Westminster Hall London Bridge Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey Big Ben The Monument Fortifications Public art and memorials in London Statues Monarchs Richard I Charles I Charles II James II Anne St Paul 's Westminster George III George IV George V George VI Others Alanbrooke Becket Bolívar Brunel Burns Cambridge Canning Chaplin Churchill Clive Cook Cromwell Derby Devonshire Disraeli Frere Freud Gagarin Gandhi Greathead Haig Havelock Herbert Irving Jenner Kitchener Lawson Lincoln Lloyd George Mandela Moore Montgomery Mountbatten Myddelton Napier Newman Newton Nightingale Orwell Outram Palmerston Peel Raikes Reynolds Roberts San Martín Shakespeare Slim Smuts Trajan Wallenberg Washington Wellington City Hyde Park Corner Wesley St Paul 's Shoreditch Westminster White Winehouse Wolseley Fictional Peter Pan Sherlock Holmes See also Talking Statues Statues in London on Wikimedia Commons Memorials 7 July bombings Albert Alexandra Anti-Air War Bali bombings Bazalgette Bolan Bromhead Burdett - Coutts Cavell Cheylesmore Christie Donne Eleanor ( Charing Cross ) Faraday Firefighters George VI and Queen Elizabeth Grace Great Exhibition Great Fire of London Golden Boy of Pye Corner The Monument Heminges and Condell Heroic self - sacrifice Hogg Journalists Kennedy Lister Nelson 's Column Pankhurst Police Queen Elizabeth Gate Stratford Martyrs Suffragettes Victoria Wellington Arch Wellington Monument Whittington Wilde Duke of York Column War memorials Pre - C20 Animals in War Crimean War Gurkhas ( 1816 -- ) Marble Arch New Zealand Campaign ( 1863 -- 1864 ) Siege of Cádiz Westminster School Boer Wars 61st Battery Royal Field Artillery ( Woolwich ) Barnet Boys School Royal Artillery ( The Mall ) Royal Marines WWI WWII Africa and the Caribbean Australia Battle of Britain Belgium Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red Canada The Cenotaph La Délivrance Flanders Fields Memorial Garden Holocaust -- Hyde Park Holocaust -- Victoria Tower Gardens ( planned ) Kindertransport Malta Memorial Gates Merchant Navy New Zealand Poland South Africa ( Richmond ) Submarines Women of World War II Regimental 24th East Surrey Division Cavalry Chindits Civil Service Rifles Eagle Squadrons Fleet Air Arm Guards Division Imperial Camel Corps Machine Gun Corps Rifle Brigade Royal Air Force RAF Bomber Command Royal Artillery Royal Fusiliers Royal Naval Division Royal Tank Regiment Local London Troops Arkley Bromley parish Chingford Chipping Barnet Cockfosters Croydon East Barnet Enfield Town ( 3 memorials ) Finchley Fulham Golders Green Hampstead Hampton Wick Hendon Hornsey Islington Monken Hadley New Barnet Paddington Poplar Rainham St Michael, Cornhill ( parish ) Silvertown Southwark Wood Green Corporate Baltic Exchange Great Eastern Railway Great Western Railway Lincoln 's Inn London and North Western Railway London, Brighton and South Coast Railway South Suburban Gas Company Post-WWII Victims of Communism Korean War Iraq and Afghanistan Blue plaques Camden Kensington and Chelsea City of Westminster Other works Sculptures ArcelorMittal Orbit The Arch 1979 -- 1980 Atalanta The Barbican Muse Bellerophon Taming Pegasus Big 4 Boadicea and Her Daughters Bull The Burghers of Calais Christ Child Crystal Palace Dinosaurs The Diver Dolphin lamp standards Dragon boundary marks Draped Seated Woman 1957 -- 58 Elfin Oak Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square Fulcrum The Gold Smelters Homage to Leonardo Horse and Rider Icarus Knife Edge Two Piece 1962 -- 65 Labyrinth Large Standing Figure ( Knife Edge ) London Noses London Pride The Messenger Millennium Dial The Naked Ladies The Neighbours Nike Old Father Time Paternoster Paternoster Vents Physical Energy Piscator Platforms Piece Putney Sculpture Trail Quantum Cloud The Queen 's Beasts Rush of Green St Paul 's Cross Single Form ( Memorial ) A Slice of Reality Slipstream South Bank Lion Still Water Traffic Light Tree Winged Figure World Cup Sculpture The Young Lovers Three Standing Figures 1947 Fountains Buxton Memorial Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Diana Fountain, Bushy Park Diana Fountain, Green Park Fawcett Memorial The Horses of Helios Guilford Place Matilda Fountain Revolving Torsion Roehampton St Lawrence Jewry and St Mary Magdalene Shaftesbury Memorial ( `` Eros '' ) Lady Henry Somerset Memorial Victoria Park Murals Brixton Cable Street Poplar Rates Rebellion Sutton twin towns Sutton Heritage Mosaic See also Art on the Underground London Mural Preservation Society Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association By location City of Westminster Hyde Park Kensington Gardens ( partly in Kensington and Chelsea ) Paddington St Marylebone Architectural sculpture City of London Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Camden Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Islington Kensington and Chelsea Kingston Lambeth Lewisham Merton Newham Redbridge Richmond Southwark Sutton Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Wandsworth Works formerly in London London landmarks Buildings and structures Bridges Albert Bridge Blackfriars Bridge Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges Lambeth Bridge London Bridge Millennium Footbridge Southwark Bridge Tower Bridge Vauxhall Bridge Waterloo Bridge Westminster Bridge Entertainment venues Cinemas Empire, Leicester Square BFI IMAX Odeon Leicester Square Football stadia Wembley Stadium ( national stadium ) Craven Cottage ( Fulham ) The Den ( Millwall ) Emirates Stadium ( Arsenal ) Loftus Road ( Queens Park Rangers ) Olympic Stadium ( West Ham United ) Selhurst Park ( Crystal Palace ) Stamford Bridge ( Chelsea ) The Valley ( Charlton Athletic ) White Hart Lane ( Tottenham Hotspur ) Other major sports venues All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club The Championship Course ( rowing ) Crystal Palace National Sports Centre Lord 's ( cricket ) Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park The Oval ( cricket ) Twickenham Stadium ( rugby ) Theatres London Coliseum London Palladium The Old Vic Royal National Theatre Royal Opera House Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre Royal, Drury Lane Theatre Royal Haymarket Other Alexandra Palace Brixton Academy ExCeL Hammersmith Apollo O2 Arena Royal Albert Hall Royal Festival Hall Wembley Arena Government 10 Downing Street Admiralty Arch Bank of England City Hall County Hall Guildhall Horse Guards Mansion House National Archives Old Bailey Palace of Westminster Royal Courts of Justice Scotland Yard SIS Building Museums and galleries British Museum Cutty Sark Golden Hinde HMS Belfast Imperial War Museum Madame Tussauds Museum of London National Gallery National Maritime Museum Natural History Museum Royal Academy of Arts Royal Observatory Science Museum Tate Britain Tate Modern Tower of London Victoria and Albert Museum Places of worship All Hallows - by - the - Tower BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Bevis Marks Synagogue Methodist Central Hall Regent 's Park Mosque St Martin - in - the - Fields St Mary - le - Bow St Paul 's Cathedral Southwark Cathedral Westminster Abbey Westminster Cathedral Retailing Shops Fortnum & Mason Hamleys Harrods Liberty Peter Jones Selfridges Shopping centres and markets Borough Market Brent Cross Burlington Arcade Kensington Arcade Leadenhall Market The Mall Wood Green One New Change Petticoat Lane Market Royal Exchange Westfield London Westfield Stratford City Royal buildings Partly occupied by Royal Family Buckingham Palace Clarence House Kensington Palace St James 's Palace Unoccupied Banqueting House Hampton Court Palace Kew Palace The Queen 's Gallery Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace Skyscrapers 1 Canada Square 8 Canada Square 20 Fenchurch Street 30 St Mary Axe 125 London Wall Broadgate Tower BT Tower Centre Point Citigroup Centre Heron Tower Leadenhall Building Lloyd 's building Millbank Tower Senate House The Shard Shell Centre St George Wharf Tower Strata SE1 Tower 42 Structures Albert Memorial ArcelorMittal Orbit Cleopatra 's Needle Crystal Palace transmitting station London Eye London Wall Marble Arch Monument to the Great Fire Nelson 's Column Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ( `` Eros '' ) Thames Barrier Wellington Arch Transport City Airport Heathrow Airport Charing Cross station Clapham Junction station Euston station King 's Cross station Liverpool Street station London Bridge station Paddington station St Pancras station Victoria station Waterloo station Emirates Air Line Victoria Coach Station Other Barbican Estate Battersea Power Station British Library Kew Gardens Lambeth Palace London Zoo Oxo Tower St Bartholomew 's Hospital Smithfield Market Somerset House Parks Royal Parks Bushy Park Green Park Greenwich Park Hampton Court Park Hyde Park Kensington Gardens Regent 's Park Richmond Park St. James 's Park Other Battersea Park Burgess Park Clapham Common College Green Epping Forest Finsbury Park Gunnersbury Park Hampstead Heath Holland Park Mitcham Common Osterley Park Trent Park Victoria Park Wandsworth Common Wimbledon Common Squares and public spaces Covent Garden Horse Guards Parade Leicester Square Oxford Circus Parliament Square Piccadilly Circus Sloane Square Trafalgar Square Streets Aldwych Baker Street Bishopsgate Bond Street Cannon Street Carnaby Street Chancery Lane Charing Cross Road Cheapside Cornhill Denmark Street Fenchurch Street Fleet Street Haymarket Jermyn Street Kensington High Street King 's Road Lombard Street The Mall Oxford Street Park Lane Piccadilly Portobello Road Regent Street Shaftesbury Avenue Sloane Street Strand Threadneedle Street Tottenham Court Road Victoria Embankment Whitehall Buildings and structures under construction shown in italics Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London&oldid=800314713 '' Categories : Buildings and structures completed in 1677 Grade I listed buildings in the City of London Grade I listed monuments and memorials Christopher Wren buildings in London Great Fire of London History of the City of London Monumental columns in the United Kingdom Monuments and memorials in London Tourist attractions in the City of London 1677 establishments in England Hidden categories : Use British English from September 2013 Use dmy dates from September 2015 Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Coordinates on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Cebuano Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français Հայերեն Italiano עברית Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Svenska Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 12 September 2017, at 19 : 23. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: when was the monument to the great fire of london built
Answer: between 1671 and 1677