Tokugawa shogunate - wikipedia Tokugawa shogunate This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2010 ) Tokugawa Shogunate 徳川 幕府 Edo bakufu 江戸 幕府 1600 -- 1868 Flag Crest Capital Heian - kyō ( Emperor 's palace ) Edo ( Shōgun 's residence ) Languages Japanese Religion Shinbutsu - shūgō Government Monarchic feudal stratocracy Emperor 1600 -- 1611 Go - Yōzei 1867 -- 1868 Meiji Shōgun 1600 -- 1605 Tokugawa Ieyasu 1867 -- 1868 Tokugawa Yoshinobu Rōjū 1600 -- 1614 Ōkubo Tadachika 1868 Tachibana Taneyuki Historical era Edo period Battle of Sekigahara 21 October 1600 Siege of Osaka 8 November 1614 Sakoku Edict 1635 Treaty of Peace 31 March 1854 Treaty of Commerce 29 July 1858 Meiji Restoration 3 January 1868 Currency The tri-metallic Tokugawa coinage system based on copper Mon, silver Bu and Shu, as well as gold Ryō. Preceded by Succeeded by Azuchi -- Momoyama period Tokugawa clan Empire of Japan Today part of Japan History of Japan Nikkō Tōshō - gū Periods Paleolithic before 14,000 BC Jōmon 14,000 -- 300 BC Yayoi 300 BC -- 300 AD Kofun 300 -- 538 Asuka 538 -- 710 Nara 710 -- 794 Heian 794 -- 1185 Kamakura 1185 -- 1333 Kenmu Restoration 1333 -- 1336 Muromachi ( Ashikaga ) Nanboku - chō Sengoku 1336 -- 1573 Azuchi -- Momoyama Nanban trade 1573 -- 1603 Edo ( Tokugawa ) Sakoku Convention of Kanagawa Bakumatsu 1603 -- 1868 Meiji Boshin War Restoration First Sino - Japanese War Russo - Japanese War 1868 -- 1912 Taishō World War I 1912 -- 1926 Shōwa Financial crisis Militarism World War II Occupation Economic miracle Post-occupation Bubble Economy 1926 -- 1989 Heisei Lost Decade 1989 -- present Topics Currency Earthquakes Economy Education Empire Historiography Military Naval Post-war Glossary Timeline The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu ( 徳川 幕府 ) and the Edo bakufu ( 江戸 幕府 ), was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1600 and 1868. The head of government was the shōgun, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle and the years of the shogunate became known as the Edo period. This time is also called the Tokugawa period or pre-modern ( Kinsei ( 近世 ) ). Contents 1 History 2 Government 2.1 Shogunate and domains 2.2 Relations with the Emperor 2.3 Shogun and foreign trade 2.4 Shogun and Christianity 3 Institutions of the shogunate 3.1 Rōjū and wakadoshiyori 3.2 Ōmetsuke and metsuke 3.3 San - bugyō 3.4 Tenryō, gundai and daikan 3.5 Gaikoku bugyō 4 Late Tokugawa shogunate ( 1853 -- 1867 ) 5 List of Tokugawa shōguns 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links History See also : Bakumatsu Following the Sengoku period ( `` warring states period '' ), the central government had been largely re-established by Oda Nobunaga during the Azuchi -- Momoyama period. After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, central authority fell to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Society in the Tokugawa period, unlike in previous shogunates, was supposedly based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyō ( lords ) were at the top, followed by the warrior - caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. In some parts of the country, particularly smaller regions, daimyō and samurai were more or less identical, since daimyō might be trained as samurai, and samurai might act as local rulers. Otherwise, the largely inflexible nature of this social stratification system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts that did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value. As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to numerous confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well - to - do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much larger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to seriously challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers. A 2017 study found that peasant rebellions and collective desertion ( `` flight '' ) lowered tax rates and inhibited state growth in the Tokugawa shogunate. In the mid-19th century, an alliance of several of the more powerful daimyō, along with the titular Emperor, succeeded in overthrowing the shogunate after the Boshin War, culminating in the Meiji Restoration. The Tokugawa shogunate came to an official end in 1868 with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, leading to the `` restoration '' ( 王政 復古, Ōsei fukko ) of imperial rule. Notwithstanding its eventual overthrow in favor of the more modernized, less feudal form of governance of the Meiji Restoration, the Tokugawa shogunate oversaw the longest period of peace and stability in Japan 's history, lasting well over 260 years. Government Shogunate and domains The bakuhan taisei ( 幕 藩 体制 ) was the feudal political system in the Edo period of Japan. Baku is an abbreviation of bakufu, meaning `` military government '' -- that is, the shogunate. The han were the domains headed by daimyō. Vassals held inherited lands and provided military service and homage to their lords. The bakuhan taisei split feudal power between the shogunate in Edo and provincial domains throughout Japan. Provinces had a degree of sovereignty and were allowed an independent administration of the han in exchange for loyalty to the shōgun, who was responsible for foreign relations and national security. The shōgun and lords were all daimyōs : feudal lords with their own bureaucracies, policies, and territories. The shōgun also administered the most powerful han, the hereditary fief of the House of Tokugawa. Each level of government administered its own system of taxation. Edo Castle, 17th century The emperor, nominally a religious leader, held no real power ; this was invested in the shōgun. The shogunate had the power to discard, annex, and transform domains. The sankin - kōtai system of alternative residence required each daimyō to reside in alternate years between the han and the court in Edo. During their absences from Edo, it was also required that they leave family as hostages until their return. The huge expenditure sankin - kōtai imposed on each han helped centralize aristocratic alliances and ensured loyalty to the shōgun as each representative doubled as a potential hostage. Tokugawa 's descendants further ensured loyalty by maintaining a dogmatic insistence on loyalty to the shōgun. Fudai daimyō were hereditary vassals of Ieyasu, as well as of his descendants. Tozama ( `` outsiders '' ) became vassals of Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara. Shinpan ( `` relatives '' ) were collaterals of Tokugawa Hidetada. Early in the Edo period, the shogunate viewed the tozama as the least likely to be loyal ; over time, strategic marriages and the entrenchment of the system made the tozama less likely to rebel. In the end, it was the great tozama of Satsuma, Chōshū and Tosa, and to a lesser extent Hizen, that brought down the shogunate. These four states are called the Four Western Clans, or Satchotohi for short. The number of han ( roughly 250 ) fluctuated throughout the Edo period. They were ranked by size, which was measured as the number of koku of rice that the domain produced each year. One koku was the amount of rice necessary to feed one adult male for one year. The minimum number for a daimyō was ten thousand koku ; the largest, apart from the shōgun, was a million. Relations with the Emperor Social class during the Shogunate with the Emperor as the nominal ruler Regardless of the political title of the Emperor, the shōguns of the Tokugawa family controlled Japan. The administration ( 体制, taisei ) of Japan was a task given by the Imperial Court in Kyoto to the Tokugawa family, which returned to the court in the Meiji Restoration. While the Emperor officially had the prerogative of appointing the shōgun, he had virtually no say in state affairs. The shogunate appointed a liaison, the Kyoto Shoshidai ( Shogun 's Representative in Kyoto ), to deal with the Emperor, court and nobility. Towards the end of the shogunate, however, after centuries of the Emperor having very little say in state affairs and being secluded in his Kyoto palace, and in the wake of the reigning shōgun, Tokugawa Iemochi, marrying the sister of Emperor Kōmei ( r. 1846 -- 1867 ), in 1862, the Imperial Court in Kyoto began to enjoy increased political influence. The Emperor would occasionally be consulted on various policies and the shogun even made a visit to Kyoto to visit the Emperor. Shōgun and foreign trade Dutch trading post in Dejima, c. 1805 Foreign affairs and trade were monopolized by the shogunate, yielding a huge profit. Foreign trade was also permitted to the Satsuma and the Tsushima domains. Rice was the main trading product of Japan during this time. Isolationism was the foreign policy of Japan and trade was strictly controlled. Merchants were outsiders to the social hierarchy of Japan and were thought to be greedy. The visits of the Nanban ships from Portugal were at first the main vector of trade exchanges, followed by the addition of Dutch, English and sometimes Spanish ships. From 1603 onward, Japan started to participate actively in foreign trade. In 1615, an embassy and trade mission under Hasekura Tsunenaga was sent across the Pacific to Nueva España ( New Spain ) on the Japanese - built galleon San Juan Bautista. Until 1635, the Shogun issued numerous permits for the so - called `` red seal ships '' destined for the Asian trade. After 1635 and the introduction of Seclusion laws, inbound ships were only allowed from China, Korea, and the Netherlands. Shōgun and Christianity Main article : Kirishitan Christian prisoners in Edo, 17th century Followers of Christianity first began appearing in Japan during the 16th century. Oda Nobunaga embraced Christianity and the Western technology that was imported with it, such as the musket. He also saw it as a tool he could use to suppress Buddhist forces. Though Christianity was allowed to grow until the 1610s, Tokugawa Ieyasu soon began to see it as a growing threat to the stability of the shogunate. As Ōgosho ( `` Cloistered Shōgun '' ), he influenced the implementation of laws that banned the practice of Christianity. His successors followed suit, compounding upon Ieyasu 's laws. The ban of Christianity is often linked with the creation of the Seclusion laws, or Sakoku, in the 1630s. Institutions of the shogunate Rōjū and wakadoshiyori The rōjū ( 老 中 ) were the senior members of the shogunate. They supervised the ōmetsuke, machi - bugyō, ongokubugyō ( ja : 遠国 奉行 ) and other officials, oversaw relations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, kuge ( members of the nobility ), daimyō, Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, and attended to matters like divisions of fiefs. Normally, four or five men held the office, and one was on duty for a month at a time on a rotating basis. They conferred on especially important matters. In the administrative reforms of 1867 ( Keiō Reforms ), the office was eliminated in favor of a bureaucratic system with ministers for the interior, finance, foreign relations, army, and navy. Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle where Ii Naosuke was assassinated in 1860 In principle, the requirements for appointment to the office of rōjū were to be a fudai daimyō and to have a fief assessed at 7004500000000000000 ♠ 50 000 koku or more. However, there were exceptions to both criteria. Many appointees came from the offices close to the shōgun, such as soba yōnin ( ja : 側用人 ), Kyoto Shoshidai, and Osaka jōdai. Irregularly, the shōguns appointed a rōjū to the position of tairō ( great elder ). The office was limited to members of the Ii, Sakai, Doi, and Hotta clans, but Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu was given the status of tairō as well. Among the most famous was Ii Naosuke, who was assassinated in 1860 outside the Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle ( Sakuradamon incident ). The wakadoshiyori were next in status below the rōjū. An outgrowth of the early six - man rokuninshū ( 六 人 衆, 1633 -- 1649 ), the office took its name and final form in 1662, but with four members. Their primary responsibility was management of the affairs of the hatamoto and gokenin, the direct vassals of the shōgun. Some shōguns appointed a soba yōnin. This person acted as a liaison between the shōgun and the rōjū. The soba yōnin increased in importance during the time of the fifth shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, when a wakadoshiyori, Inaba Masayasu, assassinated Hotta Masatoshi, the tairō. Fearing for his personal safety, Tsunayoshi moved the rōjū to a more distant part of the castle. Some of the most famous soba yōnin were Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu and Tanuma Okitsugu. Ōmetsuke and metsuke The ōmetsuke and metsuke were officials who reported to the rōjū and wakadoshiyori. The five ōmetsuke were in charge of monitoring the affairs of the daimyōs, kuge and imperial court. They were in charge of discovering any threat of rebellion. Early in the Edo period, daimyōs such as Yagyū Munefuyu held the office. Soon, however, it fell to hatamoto with rankings of 5,000 koku or more. To give them authority in their dealings with daimyōs, they were often ranked at 10,000 koku and given the title of kami ( an ancient title, typically signifying the governor of a province ) such as Bizen - no - kami. As time progressed, the function of the ōmetsuke evolved into one of passing orders from the shogunate to the daimyōs, and of administering to ceremonies within Edo Castle. They also took on additional responsibilities such as supervising religious affairs and controlling firearms. The metsuke, reporting to the wakadoshiyori, oversaw the affairs of the vassals of the shōgun. They were the police force for the thousands of hatamoto and gokenin who were concentrated in Edo. Individual han had their own metsuke who similarly policed their samurai. San - bugyō The san - bugyō ( `` three administrators '' ) were the jisha, kanjō, and machi - bugyō, which oversaw temples and shrines, accounting, and the cities, respectively. The jisha - bugyō had the highest status of the three. They oversaw the administration of Buddhist temples ( ji ) and Shinto shrines ( sha ), many of which held fiefs. Also, they heard lawsuits from several land holdings outside the eight Kantō provinces. The appointments normally went to daimyōs ; Ōoka Tadasuke was an exception, though he later became a daimyō. The kanjō - bugyō were next in status. The four holders of this office reported to the rōjū. They were responsible for the finances of the shogunate. The machi - bugyō were the chief city administrators of Edo and other cities. Their roles included mayor, chief of the police ( and, later, also of the fire department ), and judge in criminal and civil matters not involving samurai. Two ( briefly, three ) men, normally hatamoto, held the office, and alternated by month. Three Edo machi bugyō have become famous through jidaigeki ( period films ) : Ōoka Tadasuke and Tōyama Kagemoto ( Kinshirō ) as heroes, and Torii Yōzō ( ja : 鳥居 耀蔵 ) as a villain. Tenryō, gundai and daikan The san - bugyō together sat on a council called the hyōjōsho. In this capacity, they were responsible for administering the tenryō, supervising the gundai ( 郡 代 ), the daikan ( 代官 ) and the kura bugyō ( 蔵 奉行 ), as well as hearing cases involving samurai. The shogun directly held lands in various parts of Japan. These were known as shihaisho ( 支配 所 ) ; since the Meiji period, the term tenryō ( 天領, `` Emperor 's land '' ) has become synonymous. In addition to the territory that Ieyasu held prior to the Battle of Sekigahara, this included lands he gained in that battle and lands gained as a result of the Summer and Winter Sieges of Osaka. By the end of the seventeenth century, the shogun 's landholdings had reached four million koku. Such major cities as Nagasaki and Osaka, and mines, including the Sado gold mine, also fell into this category. Gaikoku bugyō The gaikoku bugyō were administrators appointed between 1858 and 1868. They were charged with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa ( Yokohama ). Late Tokugawa shogunate ( 1853 -- 1867 ) Main article : Bakumatsu Samurai of the Shimazu clan The late Tokugawa shogunate ( Japanese : 幕末 Bakumatsu ) was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded the Meiji era. The major ideological and political factions during this period were divided into the pro-imperialist Ishin Shishi ( nationalist patriots ) and the shogunate forces, including the elite shinsengumi ( `` newly selected corps '' ) swordsmen. Although these two groups were the most visible powers, many other factions attempted to use the chaos of the Bakumatsu era to seize personal power. Furthermore, there were two other main driving forces for dissent ; first, growing resentment of tozama daimyōs, and second, growing anti-Western sentiment following the arrival of Matthew C. Perry. The first related to those lords who had fought against Tokugawa forces at Sekigahara ( in 1600 ) and had from that point on been exiled permanently from all powerful positions within the shogunate. The second was to be expressed in the phrase sonnō jōi ( `` revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians '' ). The turning points of the Bakumatsu were the Boshin War and the Battle of Toba -- Fushimi, when pro-shogunate forces were defeated. List of Tokugawa shōguns # Picture Name ( Born - Died ) Shōgun From Shōgun Until Tokugawa Ieyasu ( 1543 -- 1616 ) 1603 1605 Tokugawa Hidetada ( 1579 -- 1632 ) 1605 1623 Tokugawa Iemitsu ( 1604 -- 1651 ) 1623 1651 Tokugawa Ietsuna ( 1641 -- 1680 ) 1651 1680 5 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi ( 1646 -- 1709 ) 1680 1709 6 Tokugawa Ienobu ( 1662 -- 1712 ) 1709 1712 7 Tokugawa Ietsugu ( 1709 -- 1716 ) 1713 1716 8 Tokugawa Yoshimune ( 1684 -- 1751 ) 1716 1745 9 Tokugawa Ieshige ( 1712 -- 1761 ) 1745 1760 10 Tokugawa Ieharu ( 1737 -- 1786 ) 1760 1786 11 Tokugawa Ienari ( 1773 -- 1841 ) 1787 1837 12 Tokugawa Ieyoshi ( 1793 -- 1853 ) 1837 1853 13 Tokugawa Iesada ( 1824 -- 1858 ) 1853 1858 14 Tokugawa Iemochi ( 1846 -- 1866 ) 1858 1866 15 Tokugawa Yoshinobu ( 1837 -- 1913 ) 1866 1867 Over the course of the Edo period, influential relatives of the shogun included : Tokugawa Mitsukuni of the Mito Domain Tokugawa Nariaki of the Mito Domain Tokugawa Mochiharu of the Hitotsubashi branch Tokugawa Munetake of the Tayasu branch. Matsudaira Katamori of the Aizu branch. Matsudaira Sadanobu, born into the Tayasu branch, adopted into the Hisamatsu - Matsudaira of Shirakawa. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tokugawa shogunate. Keian Uprising Notes ^ Jump up to : Nussbaum, Louis - Frédéric. ( 2005 ). `` Tokugawa - jidai '' in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 978. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Shogun '' at pp. 878 -- 879. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Tokugawa '' at p. 976. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Edo - jidai '' at p. 167. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Kinsei '' at p. 525. Jump up ^ Paik, Christopher ; Steele, Abbey ; Tanaka, Seiki. `` Constraining the Samurai : Rebellion and Taxation in Early Modern Japan ''. International Studies Quarterly. doi : 10.1093 / isq / sqx008 ( inactive 2017 - 08 - 11 ). Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Satchotohi '', pp. 826 -- 827. Jump up ^ Jansen 2002, pp. 144 -- 148. Jump up ^ Keene, Donald Emperor of Japan : Meiji and His World, 1852 -- 1912 ( 2005, Columbia University Press ) p. 62 Jump up ^ Chie Nakane and Shinzaburou Oishi ( 1990 ). Tokugawa Japan - The Social and Economic Antecedents of Modern Japan. University of Tokyo Press. pp. 12. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Ogosho '' at p. 738. Jump up ^ Chie Nakane and Shinzaburou Oishi ( 1990 ). Tokugawa Japan : The Social and Economic Antecedents of Modern Japan. University of Tokyo Press. pp. 24 -- 28. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Kanjō bugyō '' at p. 473. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Tenryō '', p. 961. Jump up ^ Shinsengumi, The Shogun 's Last Samurai Corps, Romulus, Hillsborough, Tuttle Publishing, 2005 Jump up ^ Ravina, Mark ( 2004 ). Last Samurai : The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori. John Wiley & Sons, 2004 Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Tokugawa Mitsukuni '' at p. 979. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Tokugawa Nariaki '' at p. 979. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Tayasu '' at p. 954. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Matsudaira Katamori '' at p. 616. Jump up ^ Nussbaum, `` Matsudaira Sadanobu '' at p. 617. References Nussbaum, Louis - Frédéric and Käthe Roth. ( 2005 ). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 674 - 01753 - 5 ; OCLC 48943301 This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/. Further reading Bolitho, Harold. ( 1974 ). Treasures Among Men : The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan. New Haven : Yale University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 300 - 01655 - 0 ; OCLC 185685588 Totman, Conrad. The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1862 -- 1868. Honolulu : University of Hawai'i Press, 1980. Totman, Conrad. Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1600 -- 1843. Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1967. Waswo, Ann Modern Japanese Society 1868 -- 1994 The Center for East Asian Cultural Studies Meiji Japan Through Contemporary Sources, Volume Two 1844 -- 1882 External links Japan Tokugawa Political System SengokuDaimyo.com The website of Samurai Author and Historian Anthony J. Bryant Tokugawa Shogunate family tree This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2015 ) Ieyasu Hidetada Yorinobu Iemitsu Mitsusada Ietsuna Tsunayoshi Tsunashige Yoshimune Ienobu Ieshige Ietsugu Ieharu Ienari Ieyoshi Iesada Iemochi Yoshinobu Notes All Tokugawa shōguns claim descent from Ieyasu, who is recognized as the dynasty 's founder. The broken lines indicate adoptions within the shogunal clan. Timeline and paternities of the Tokugawa Shogunate Lifespan Reign Tokugawa bureaucracy organization chart This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2015 ) Ōmetsuke Metsuke Rōjū Jisha - bugyō Tairō Rōjū - kaku Edo machi - bugyō Kita - machi - bugyō Shōgun Sobayōnin Gaikoku - bugyō Minami - machi - bugyō Wakadoshiyori Gunkan - bugyō Honjo machi - bugyō Daimyō Gusoku - bugyō Hakodate bugyō Haneda bugyō Gundai Hyōgo bugyō Daikan Kanagawa bugyō Kinza ( gold monopoly ) Kane - bugyō Kanjō bugyō Ginza ( silver monopoly ) Kura - bugyō Kinzan - bugyō Dōza ( copper monopoly ) Kyoto shoshidai Kyoto machi - bugyō Shuza ( cinnabar monopoly ) Nagasaki bugyō Fushimi bugyō Niigata bugyō Nara bugyō Nikkō bugyō Osaka machi - bugyō Osaka jōdai Sakai bugyō Rōya - bugyō Sado bugyō Sakuji - bugyō Shimada bugyō Sunpu jōdai Uraga bugyō Yamada bugyō Notes This bureaucracy evolved in an ad hoc manner, responding to perceived needs. Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Shōgun Ieyasu ( 1603 -- 1605 ) Hidetada ( 1605 -- 1623 ) Iemitsu ( 1623 -- 1651 ) Ietsuna ( 1651 -- 1680 ) Tsunayoshi ( 1680 -- 1709 ) Ienobu ( 1709 -- 1712 ) Ietsugu ( 1713 -- 1716 ) Yoshimune ( 1716 -- 1745 ) Ieshige ( 1745 -- 1760 ) Ieharu ( 1760 -- 1786 ) Ienari ( 1787 -- 1837 ) Ieyoshi ( 1837 -- 1853 ) Iesada ( 1853 -- 1858 ) Iemochi ( 1858 -- 1866 ) Yoshinobu ( 1867 -- 1868 ) Tairō Sakai Tadayo ( 1636 ) Doi Toshikatsu ( 1638 -- 1644 ) Sakai Tadakatsu ( 1638 -- 1656 ) Sakai Tadakiyo ( 1666 -- 1680 ) Ii Naozumi ( 1668 -- 1676 ) Hotta Masatoshi ( 1681 -- 1684 ) Ii Naooki ( 1696 -- 1700, 1711 -- 1714 ) Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu ( 1706 -- 1709 ) Ii Naoyuki ( 1784 -- 1787 ) Ii Naoaki ( 1835 -- 1841 ) Ii Naosuke ( 1858 -- 1860 ) Sakai Tadashige ( 1865 ) Rōjū Ōkubo Tadachika ( 1593 -- 1614 ) Ōkubo Nagayasu ( 1600 -- 1613 ) Honda Masanobu ( 1600 -- 1615 ) Naruse Masanari ( 1600 -- 1616 ) Andō Naotsugu ( 1600 -- 1616 ) Honda Masazumi ( 1600 -- 1622 ) Naitō Kiyonari ( 1601 -- 1606 ) Aoyama Tadanari ( 1601 -- 1606 ) Aoyama Narishige ( 1608 -- 1613 ) Sakai Tadatoshi ( 1609 -- 1627 ) Sakai Tadayo ( 1610 -- 1634 ) Doi Toshikatsu ( 1610 -- 1638 ) Andō Shigenobu ( 1611 -- 1621 ) Naitō Kiyotsugu ( 1616 -- 1617 ) Aoyama Tadatoshi ( 1616 -- 1623 ) Inoue Masanari ( 1617 -- 1628 ) Nagai Naomasa ( 1622 -- 1633 ) Abe Masatsugu ( 1623 -- 1626 ) Inaba Masakatsu ( 1623 -- 1634 ) Naitō Tadashige ( 1623 -- 1633 ) Sakai Tadakatsu ( 1624 -- 1638 ) Morikawa Shigetoshi ( 1628 -- 1632 ) Aoyama Yukinari ( 1628 -- 1633 ) Matsudaira Nobutsuna ( 1632 -- 1662 ) Abe Tadaaki ( 1633 -- 1666 ) Hotta Masamori ( 1635 -- 1651 ) Abe Shigetsugu ( 1638 -- 1651 ) Matsudaira Norinaga ( 1642 -- 1654 ) Sakai Tadakiyo ( 1653 -- 1666 ) Inaba Masanori ( 1657 -- 1681 ) Kuze Hiroyuki ( 1663 -- 1679 ) Itakura Shigenori ( 1665 -- 1668, 1670 -- 1673 ) Tsuchiya Kazunao ( 1665 -- 1679 ) Abe Masayoshi ( 1673 -- 1676 ) Ōkubo Tadatomo ( 1677 -- 1698 ) Hotta Masatoshi ( 1679 -- 1681 ) Doi Toshifusa ( 1679 -- 1681 ) Itakura Shigetane ( 1680 -- 1681 ) Toda Tadamasa ( 1681 -- 1699 ) Abe Masatake ( 1681 -- 1704 ) Matsudaira Nobuyuki ( 1685 -- 1686 ) Tsuchiya Masanao ( 1687 -- 1718 ) Ogasawara Nagashige ( 1697 -- 1705, 1709 -- 1710 ) Akimoto Takatomo ( 1699 -- 1707 ) Inaba Masamichi ( 1701 -- 1707 ) Honda Masanaga ( 1704 -- 1711 ) Ōkubo Tadamasu ( 1705 -- 1713 ) Inoue Masamine ( 1705 -- 1722 ) Abe Masataka ( 1711 -- 1717 ) Kuze Shigeyuki ( 1713 -- 1720 ) Matsudaira Nobutsune ( 1714 -- 1716 ) Toda Tadazane ( 1714 -- 1729 ) Mizuno Tadayuki ( 1717 -- 1730 ) Andō Nobutomo ( 1722 -- 1732 ) Matsudaira Norisato ( 1723 -- 1745 ) Matsudaira Tadachika ( 1724 -- 1728 ) Ōkubo Tsuneharu ( 1728 ) Sakai Tadaoto ( 1728 -- 1735 ) Matsudaira Nobutoki ( 1730 -- 1744 ) Matsudaira Terusada ( 1730 -- 1745 ) Kuroda Naokuni ( 1732 -- 1735 ) Honda Tadanaga ( 1734 -- 1746 ) Toki Yoritoshi ( 1742 -- 1744 ) Sakai Tadazumi ( 1744 -- 1749 ) Matsudaira Norikata ( 1745 -- 1746 ) Hotta Masasuke ( 1745 -- 1761 ) Nishio Tadanao ( 1746 -- 1760 ) Honda Masayoshi ( 1746 -- 1758 ) Matsudaira Takechika ( 1746 -- 1779 ) Sakai Tadayori ( 1749 -- 1764 ) Matsudaira Terutaka ( 1758 -- 1781 ) Inoue Masatsune ( 1760 -- 1763 ) Akimoto Sumitomo ( 1747 -- 1764, 1765 -- 1767 ) Abe Masahiro ( 1837 - 1857 ) Doi Toshitsura ( 1838 -- 1844 ) Inoue Masaharu ( 1840 -- 1843 ) Andō Nobumasa ( 1860 -- 1862 ) Itakura Katsukiyo ( 1862 -- 1864, 1865 -- 1868 ) Inoue Masanao ( 1862 -- 1864 ) Mizuno Tadakiyo ( 1862 -- 1866 ) Sakai Tadashige ( 1863 -- 1864 ) Arima Michizumi ( 1863 -- 1864 ) Makino Tadayuki ( 1863 -- 1865 ) Matsumae Takahiro ( 1864 -- 1865 ) Abe Masato ( 1864 -- 1865 ) Suwa Tadamasa ( 1864 -- 1865 ) Inaba Masakuni ( 1864 -- 1865, 1866 -- 1868 ) Matsudaira Munehide ( 1864 -- 1866 ) Inoue Masanao ( 1865 -- 1867 ) Matsudaira Yasuhide ( 1865 -- 1868 ) Mizuno Tadanobu ( 1866 ) Matsudaira Norikata ( 1866 -- 1868 ) Inaba Masami ( 1866 -- 1868 ) Matsudaira Sadaaki ( 1867 ) Ōkōchi Masatada ( 1867 -- 1868 ) Sakai Tadatō ( 1867 -- 1868 ) Tachibana Taneyuki ( 1868 ) Wakadoshiyori Nagai Naoyuki ( 1867 -- 1868 ) Kyoto shoshidai Okudaira Nobumasa ( 1600 -- 1601 ) Itakura Katsushige ( 1601 -- 1619 ) Makino Chikashige ( 1654 -- 1668 ) Itakura Shigenori ( 1668 -- 1670 ) Nagai Naotsune ( 1670 -- 1678 ) Toda Tadamasa ( 1678 -- 1681 ) Inaba Masamichi ( 1681 -- 1685 ) Tsuchiya Masanao ( 1685 -- 1687 ) Naitō Shigeyori ( 1687 -- 1690 ) Matsudaira Nobuoki ( 1690 -- 1691 ) Ogasawara Nagashige ( 1691 -- 1697 ) Matsudaira Nobutsune ( 1697 -- 1714 ) Mizuno Tadayuki ( 1714 -- 1717 ) Matsudaira Tadachika ( 1717 -- 1724 ) Makino Hideshige ( 1724 -- 1734 ) Toki Yoritoshi ( 1734 -- 1742 ) Makino Sadamichi ( 1742 -- 1749 ) Matsudaira Sukekuni ( 1749 -- 1752 ) Sakai Tadamochi ( 1752 -- 1756 ) Matsudaira Terutaka ( 1756 -- 1758 ) Inoue Masatsune ( 1758 -- 1760 ) Abe Masasuke ( 1760 -- 1764 ) Abe Masachika ( 1764 -- 1768 ) Doi Toshisato ( 1769 -- 1777 ) Kuze Hiroakira ( 1777 -- 1781 ) Makino Sadanaga ( 1781 -- 1784 ) Toda Tadatō ( 1784 -- 1789 ) Ōta Sukeyoshi ( 1789 -- 1782 ) Hotta Masanari ( 1792 -- 1798 ) Makino Tadakiyo ( 1798 -- 1801 ) Doi Toshiatsu ( 1801 -- 1802 ) Aoyama Tadayasu ( 1802 -- 1804 ) Inaba Masanobu ( 1804 -- 1806 ) Abe Masayoshi ( 1806 -- 1808 ) Sakai Tadayuki ( 1808 -- 1815 ) Ōkubo Tadazane ( 1815 -- 1818 ) Matsudaira Norihiro ( 1818 -- 1823 ) Naitō Nobuatsu ( 1823 -- 1825 ) Matsudaira Yasutō ( 1825 -- 1826 ) Mizuno Tadakuni ( 1826 -- 1828 ) Matsudaira Muneakira ( 1828 -- 1832 ) Ōta Sukemoto ( 1832 -- 1834 ) Matsudaira Nobuyori ( 1834 -- 1837 ) Doi Toshitsura ( 1837 -- 1838 ) Manabe Akikatsu ( 1838 -- 1840 ) Makino Tadamasa ( 1840 -- 1843 ) Sakai Tadaaki ( 1843 -- 1850 ) Naitō Nobuchika ( 1850 -- 1851 ) Wakisaka Yasuori ( 1851 -- 1857 ) Honda Tadamoto ( 1857 -- 1858 ) Sakai Tadaaki ( 1858 -- 1862 ) Matsudaira Munehide ( 1862 ) Makino Tadayuki ( 1862 -- 1863 ) Inaba Masakuni ( 1863 -- 1864 ) Matsudaira Sadaaki ( 1864 -- 1867 ) Bugyō Bugu - bugyō ( post-1863 ) Edo machi - bugyō Fushimi bugyō Gaikoku - bugyō ( post-1858 ) Gunkan - bugyō ( post-1859 ) Gusoku - bugyō Hakodate bugyō Haneda bugyō ( post-1853 ) Hyōgo bugyō ( post-1864 ) Jisha - bugyō Kanagawa bugyō ( post-1859 ) Kanjō - bugyō ( post-1787 ) Kinzan - bugyō Kyoto machi - bugyō Nara bugyō Machi - bugyō Nagasaki bugyō Niigata bugyō Nikkō bugyō Osaka jōdai Osaka machi - bugyō Rōya - bugyō Sado bugyō Sakai bugyō Sakuji - bugyō ( post-1632 ) Shimoda bugyō Sunpu jōdai Uraga bugyō Yamada bugyō Ōmetsuke Yagyū Munenori ( 1632 -- 1636 ) Mizuno Morinobu ( 1632 -- 1636 ) Akiyama Masashige 1632 -- 1640 ) Inoue Masashige ( 1632 -- 1658 ) Kagazume Tadazumi ( 1640 -- 1650 ) Nakane Masamori ( 1650 ) Hōjō Ujinaga ( 1655 -- 1670 ) Ōoka Tadatane ( 1670 ) Nakayama Naomori ( 1684 ) Sengoku Hisanao ( 1695 -- 1719 ) Shōda Yasutoshi ( 1699 -- 1701 ) Sakakibara Tadayuki ( 1836 -- 1837 ) Atobe Yoshisuke ( 1839 -- 1841, 1855 -- 1856 ) Tōyama Kagemoto ( 1844 ) Ido Hiromichi 1853 -- 1855 ) Tsutsui Masanori ( 1854 -- 1857 ) Ōkubo Tadahiro ( 1862 ) Matsudaira Yasuhide ( 1864 ) Nagai Naoyuki ( 1864 -- 1865, 1865 -- 1867 ) Yamaoka Takayuki ( 1868 ) Oda Nobushige ( 1868 ) Kyoto Shugoshoku Matsudaira Katamori ( 1862 -- 1864 ) Matsudaira Yoshinaga ( 1864 ) Matsudaira Katamori ( 1864 -- 1867 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_shogunate&oldid=841502898 '' Categories : Former countries in East Asia States and territories established in 1600 States and territories disestablished in 1868 Edo period Tokugawa shōguns 1600 establishments in Japan 1868 disestablishments in Japan 17th century in Japan 18th century in Japan 19th century in Japan Hidden categories : Pages with DOIs inactive since 2017 Articles needing additional references from October 2010 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Japanese - language text Former country articles requiring maintenance Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Library of Congress Country Studies Articles needing additional references from April 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Bikol Central Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Lietuvių Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 文言 吴语 粵語 中文 46 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 May 2018, at 07 : 27. 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Question: what was the significance of the tokugawa shogunate
Answer: the last feudal Japanese military government