Ependyma - wikipedia Ependyma Ependyma Section of central canal of the spinal cord, showing ependymal and neuroglial cells Photomicrograph of normal ependymal cells at 400 × magnification in human autopsy tissue Identifiers MeSH A08. 186.211. 276.460 TA A14. 1.00. 022 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) Ependyma is the thin neuroectodermal lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, made up of ependymal cells. Ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system ( CNS ). It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ), and is shown to serve as a reservoir for neuroregeneration. Contents 1 Ependymal cells 2 Function 2.1 CSF 2.2 Neuroregeneration 3 Pathology 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Ependymal cells The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells called ependymocytes, a type of glial cell. These cells line the CSF - filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These are nervous tissue cells with a ciliated simple columnar form much like that of some mucosal epithelial cells. The basal membranes of these cells are characterized by tentacle - like extensions that attach to astrocytes. Function CSF Lining the CSF - filled ventricles, the ependymal cells play an important role in the production and regulation of CSF. Their apical surfaces are covered in a layer of cilia, which circulate CSF around the CNS. Their apical surfaces are also covered with microvilli, which absorb CSF. Within the ventricles of the brain, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together known as the tela choroidea form a structure called the choroid plexus, which produces the CSF. Modified tight junctions between epithelial cells control fluid release. This release allows free exchange between CSF and nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord, which is why sampling of CSF ( e.g. through a `` spinal tap '' ) provides a window to the CNS. Neuroregeneration Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm provided evidence that ependymal cells act as reservoir cells in the forebrain, which can be activated after stroke and as in vivo and in vitro stem cells in the spinal cord. However, these cells did not self - renew and were subsequently depleted as they generated new neurons, thus failing to satisfy the requirement for stem cells. One study observed that ependymal cells from the lining of the lateral ventricle might be a source for cells which can be transplanted into the cochlea to reverse hearing loss. Pathology Ependymoma is a tumor of the ependymal cells most commonly found in the fourth ventricle. See also Ependymin, glycoprotein isolated from the ependyma Tanycyte Neuroglia References Jump up ^ `` ependyma ''. The Free Dictionary. Jump up ^ Histology, a text in atlas, M. Ross 2011, 6th edition page 367 Jump up ^ Sadler, T. ( 2010 ). Langman 's medical embryology ( 11th ed. ). Philadelphia : Lippincott William & Wilkins. p. 305. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7817 - 9069 - 7. Jump up ^ Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J ( 1999 ). `` Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system ''. Cell. 96 ( 1 ) : 25 -- 34. doi : 10.1016 / S0092 - 8674 ( 00 ) 80956 - 3. PMID 9989494. Jump up ^ Carlén M, Meletis K, Göritz C, Darsalia V, Evergren E, Tanigaki K, Amendola M, Barnabé - Heider F, Yeung MS, Naldini L, Honjo T, Kokaia Z, Shupliakov O, Cassidy RM, Lindvall O, Frisén J ( 2009 ). `` Forebrain ependymal cells are Notch - dependent and generate neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke ''. Nature Neuroscience. 12 ( 3 ) : 259 -- 267. doi : 10.1038 / nn. 2268. PMID 19234458. Jump up ^ `` Brain cell hope for hearing loss ''. BBC News. 2008 - 12 - 09. Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 09. External links Illustrations at ucsf.edu Atlas at mcg.edu Nervous tissue CNS Tissue Types Grey matter White matter Projection fibers Association fiber Commissural fiber Lemniscus Funiculus Fasciculus Nerve tract Decussation Commissure Neuropil Meninges Cell Types Neuronal Pyramidal Purkinje Granule Glial insulating : Myelination : Oligodendrocyte other Astrocyte Radial glial cell Ependymal cells Tanycyte Microglia PNS General Dorsal Root Ganglion Ramus Ventral Root Ramus Ramus communicans Gray White Autonomic ganglion ( Preganglionic nerve fibers Postganglionic nerve fibers ) Connective tissues Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium Nerve fascicle Neuroglia Myelination : Schwann cell Neurolemma Myelin incisure Node of Ranvier Internodal segment Satellite glial cell Neurons / nerve fibers Parts Soma Axon hillock Axon Telodendron Axon terminals Axoplasm Axolemma Neurofibril / neurofilament Dendrite Nissl body Dendritic spine Apical dendrite / Basal dendrite Types Bipolar Unipolar Pseudounipolar Multipolar Interneuron Renshaw Afferent nerve fiber / Sensory neuron GSA GVA SSA SVA fibers Ia or Aα Ib or Golgi or Aα II or Aβ and Aγ III or Aδ or fast pain IV or C or slow pain Efferent nerve fiber / Motor neuron GSE GVE SVE Upper motor neuron Lower motor neuron α motorneuron β motorneuron γ motorneuron Termination Synapse Electrical synapse / Gap junction Chemical synapse Synaptic vesicle Active zone Postsynaptic density Autapse Ribbon synapse Neuromuscular junction Sensory receptors Meissner 's corpuscle Merkel nerve ending Pacinian corpuscle Ruffini ending Muscle spindle Free nerve ending Nociceptor Olfactory receptor neuron Photoreceptor cell Hair cell Taste bud Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ependyma&oldid=815912127 '' Categories : Ventricular system Nervous tissue cells Developmental neuroscience Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bosanski Dansk Deutsch فارسی Galego Italiano Polski Русский 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 00 : 47. 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Question: csf is formed by specialized ependymal cells and capillaries called
Answer: a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together known as the tela choroidea form a structure called the choroid plexus, which produces the CSF