Banyan - wikipedia Banyan This article is about the tree. For other uses, see Banyan ( disambiguation ). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) The lead section of this article may need to be rewritten. The reason given is : It does n't summarize the body and includes detail not suitable for the lead. Please discuss this issue on the article 's talk page. Use the lead layout guide to ensure the section follows Wikipedia 's norms and to be inclusive of all essential details. ( January 2017 ) This article cites its sources but its page references ranges are too broad. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. You can help improve this article by introducing citations that are more precise. ( January 2017 ) Banyan ( also Banian ) Banyan with characteristic adventitious prop roots Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae ( unranked ) : Angiosperms ( unranked ) : Eudicots ( unranked ) : Rosids Order : Rosales Family : Moraceae Genus : Ficus Subgenus : Urostigma Species Species include : F. aurea F. benghalensis F. citrifolia F. elastica F. macrophylla F. microcarpa F. pertusa F. retusa F. rubiginosa F. tinctoria A banyan, also spelled `` banian '', is a fig that begins its life as an epiphyte, i.e. a plant that grows on another plant, when its seed germinates in a crack or crevice of a host tree or human edifice. `` Banyan '' often specifically denominates Ficus benghalensis ( the `` Indian banyan '' ), which is the national tree of the Republic of India, though the name has also been generalized to denominate all figs that share a common life cycle and used systematically in taxonomy to denominate the subgenus Urostigma. Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Etymology 3 Classification 4 In horticulture 5 In culture 5.1 Religion and mythology 5.2 Notable specimens 5.3 Other 5.4 See also 6 References 7 External links Characteristics Like other fig species, including the common edible fig Ficus carica, banyans bear multiple fruit in structures denominated `` syncarps. The syncarp of Ficus species supplies shelter and food for fig wasps and, in turn, the trees are totally dependent on the fig wasps for pollination. Frugivore birds disperse the seeds of banyans. The seeds are small, and because most banyans grow in woodlands, a seedling that germinates on the ground is unlikely to survive. However, many seeds fall on the branches and stems of other trees or on human edifices, and when they germinate they grow roots down toward the ground and consequently may envelop part of the host tree or edifice. For this reason banyans bear the colloquial name `` strangler fig ''. A number of tropical banyan species that compete for sunlight, especially of the genus Ficus, exhibit this strangling habit. The leaves of the banyan tree are large, leathery, glossy, green, and elliptical. Like most figs, the leaf bud is covered by two large scales. As the leaf develops the scales abscise. Young leaves have an attractive reddish tinge. Older banyan trees are characterized by aerial prop roots that mature into thick, woody trunks, which can become indistinguishable from the primary trunk with age. Old trees can spread laterally by using these prop roots to grow over a wide area. In some species, the prop roots develop over a considerable area that resembles a grove of trees, with every trunk connected directly or indirectly to the primary trunk. The topology of this massive root system inspired the name of the hierarchical computer network operating system `` Banyan VINES ''. In a banyan that envelops its host tree, the mesh of roots growing around the latter eventually applies considerable pressure to and commonly kills it. Such an enveloped, dead tree eventually decomposes, so that the banyan becomes a `` columnar tree '' with a hollow, central core. In jungles, such hollows are very desirable shelters to many animals. Etymology The name was originally given to F. benghalensis and comes from India, where early travellers observed that the shade of the tree was frequented by Banyans ( Indian traders ). In the Gujarati language, banya means `` grocer or merchant '', not `` tree ''. The Portuguese picked up the word to refer specifically to Hindu merchants, and passed it along to the English as early as 1599 with the same meaning. By 1634, English writers began to tell of the banyan tree, a tree under which Hindu merchants conducted their business. The tree provided a shaded place for a village meeting or for merchants to sell their goods. Eventually, `` banyan '' became the name of the tree itself. Classification The original banyan, F. benghalensis, can grow into a giant tree covering several hectares. Over time, the name became generalized to all strangler figs of the Urostigma subgenus. The many banyan species include : Ficus microcarpa, which is native from Sri Lanka through New Caledonia, is a significant invasive species elsewhere. The Central American banyan ( Ficus pertusa ) is native to Central America and northern South America, from southern Mexico south to Paraguay. The shortleaf fig ( Ficus citrifolia ) is native to southern Florida, the Caribbean Islands, Central America, and South America south to Paraguay. One theory is that the Portuguese name for F. citrofolia, os barbados, gave Barbados its name. The Florida strangler fig ( Ficus aurea ) is also native to southern Florida and the Caribbean Islands, and distinguished from the above by its coarser leaf venation. The Moreton Bay fig ( Ficus macrophylla ) and Port Jackson fig ( Ficus rubiginosa ) are other related species. In horticulture Early stages of a strangler fig on a host tree in the Western Ghats, India Looking upward inside a strangler fig where the host tree has rotted away, leaving a hollow, columnar tree Due to the complex structure of the roots and extensive branching, the banyan is used as a subject specimen in penjing and bonsai. The oldest, living bonsai in Taiwan is a 240 - year - old banyan tree housed in Tainan. In culture Religion and mythology Banyan trees figure prominently in several Asian and Pacific religions and myths, including : The banyan tree is the national tree of India. It is also called Indian or Bengal fig. This tree is considered sacred in India and can be seen near a temple or religious center. It is a big tree and gives shade to travelers in very hot summer months. An old custom offers worship to this tree. In Hinduism, the leaf of the banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god Krishna. In the Bhagavat Gita, Krishna said, `` There is a banyan tree which has its roots upward and its branches down, and the Vedic hymns are its leaves. One who knows this tree is the knower of the Vedas. '' ( Bg 15.1 ) Here the material world is described as a tree whose roots are upwards and branches are below. We have experience of a tree whose roots are upward : if one stands on the bank of a river or any reservoir of water, he can see that the trees reflected in the water are upside down. The branches go downward and the roots upward. Similarly, this material world is a reflection of the spiritual world. The material world is but a shadow of reality. In the shadow there is no reality or substantiality, but from the shadow we can understand that there is substance and reality. The banyan tree is also considered sacred and is called vat vriksha ( IAST vaṭa vṛkṣa, वट वृक्ष ) in Sanskrit, in Telugu known as : మర్రి చెట్టు ; marri chettu, in Kannada language known as : ' Alada mara ' and in Tamil known as : ' ஆல மரம் ' ; ala maram. The god Shiva as Dakshinamurthy is nearly always depicted sitting in silence under the banyan with rishis at his feet. It is thought of as perfectly symbolizing eternal life due to its seemingly unending expansion. In spoken Marathi, the tree is known as vad ( वड ), derived from the original Sanksrit word vaṭa for the tree. Married Marathi women observe a fast called Vat Savitri Vrat for the well - being and long life of their husband. Tying a thread around the banyan or vat tree is an important part of the ritual. In modern parlance in the Hindi language, it is known as bargad, vatavriksh, and barh. In Buddhism 's Pali canon, the banyan ( Pali : nigrodha ) is referenced numerous times. Typical metaphors allude to the banyan 's epiphytic nature, likening the banyan 's supplanting of a host tree as comparable to the way sensual desire ( kāma ) overcomes humans. The Lam Tsuen Wishing Trees ( 林村 許願 樹 ) are banyan, and are a popular shrine in Hong Kong. They are located near the Tin Hau Temple in Lam Tsuen. In many stories of Philippine mythology, the banyan ( locally known as balete or balite ) is said to be home to a variety of spirits ( diwata and engkanto ) and demon - like creatures ( among the Visayans, specifically, the dili ingon nato, meaning `` those not like us '' ). Maligno ( evil spirits, from Spanish for ' malign ' ) associated with it include the kapre ( a giant ), duwende ( dwarves ), and the tikbalang ( a creature whose top half is a horse and whose bottom half is human ). Children at a young age are taught never to point at a fully mature banyan tree for fear of offending the spirits that dwell within them, most especially when they are new to the place. Filipinos always uttered a respectful word or two to the spirits in the banyan tree when they are near one, walking near or around it to avoid any harm. Nearly every Filipino believes that provoking the spirits in a banyan tree can cause one great harm, illness, misfortune, untold suffering, and death. In Guam, the Chamorro people believe in tales of taotaomona, duendes, and other spirits. Taotaomona are spirits of the ancient Chamorro that act as guardians to banyan trees. In Sabah, formerly North Borneo, Nunuk Ragang or Red Banyan is traditionally considered to be the site of the longhouse, sheltering the 10 families ( immigrants from South China ) who were the ancestors of present - day kadazan - Dusun population of 555,647 ( 2010 census ). Notable specimens Thimmamma Marrimanu Large banyan tree in Punjab, Pakistan Thimmamma Marrimanu is a banyan tree in Anantapur, located circa 35 km from town Kadiri in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is present in the Indian Botanical Gardens and is more than 200 years old. It is reported to be the world 's biggest tree with a canopy of 19,107 m. Its branches spreads over 8 acres, hence it was recorded as the biggest tree in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1989. One of the largest trees, the Great Banyan is found in Kolkata, India. It is said to be more than 250 years old. Another such tree, Dodda Alahda Mara, is found in the outskirts of Bangalore, India ; it has a spread of circa 2.5 acres. One of the most famous banyan trees, Kabirvad was planted on an island in a river in Bharuch, Gujarat, India. Records show that Kabirvad is more than 300 years old. Another famous banyan tree was planted in Jaipur distcrit of Rajasthan. Records show that it is more than 200 years old. Maui, Hawaii has a banyan tree planted by William Owen Smith in 1873 in Lahaina 's Courthouse Square. It has grown to cover two - thirds of an acre. In rural parts of India, many villages and towns have a traffic circle and a community gathering place around a big banyan tree. At night, many people come to sit, relax, and chat around it. Usually, a small deity is placed and worshipped at its foot. Ta Prohm in the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia boasts giant banyans growing around and through its walls. Several banyans grow near downtown Hilo, Hawaii, United States. Some of them were planted by celebrities in the 20th century and form Banyan Drive. Banyans occur in areas of Australia such as the Daintree Rainforest in Tropical North Queensland. Well known is the Curtain Fig Tree on the Atherton Tablelands. Thomas A. Edison planted the first banyan tree in the continental United States in Fort Myers, Florida, in an attempt with Henry Ford to find a more cost - effective way to produce rubber for car tires. The tree, originally only 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) tall, now covers one acre of the estate. One large banyan tree, Kalpabata, is inside the premises of Jagannath Temple in Puri. It is considered sacred by the devotees and is supposed to be more than 500 years old. A large banyan tree lives in Cypress Gardens, at the Legoland theme park located in Winter Haven, Florida. It was planted in 1939 in a 5 - gallon bucket. Other The coat of arms of Indonesia The banyan is part of the coat of arms of Indonesia. It is meant to symbolize the unity of Indonesia - one country with many far - flung roots. As a giant tree, it also symbolizes power. Soeharto used it as a logo for his party, the Golongan Karya ( Golkar ), taking advantage of the deeply rooted belief of his fellow - countrymen and women in the sacred ( sakti ) nature of the banyan. The Economist magazine features an opinion column covering topics pertaining to Asia named `` Banyan ''. In southern Vanuatu, the clearings under banyan trees are used as traditional meeting places. The quarterly newsletter of the British Friends of Vanuatu Society is named Nabanga, after the local word for banyan. The Banyan Tree is the name of one of the most fiendishly difficult rooms in the 1984 ZX Spectrum game Jet Set Willy. See also Bodhi Tree The Great Banyan References Jump up ^ `` Banian ''. Dictionary.com. Random House. Retrieved 15 March 2016. Jump up ^ Laman, Timothy G. ( 1995 ). `` The Ecology of Strangler Fig Seedling Establishment ''. Selbyana. 16 ( 2 ) : 223 -- 9. JSTOR 41759910. Jump up ^ `` National Tree ''. Know India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2012. Jump up ^ Note the use of `` Banyan '' versus `` banyan '' in Athreya, Vidya R. ( July 1997 ). `` Nature Watch : Trees with a Difference : The Strangler Figs ''. Resonance. Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru. 2 ( 7 ) : 67 -- 74. ; also `` Aerial - Rooting Banyan Trees ''. Natural History Guide To American Samoa. University of Washington. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Jump up ^ Zhou Zhekun ; Gilbert, Michael G. ( 2003 ). `` Moraceae ''. In Zhengyi Wu ; Raven, Peter H. ; Deyuan Hong. Flora of China ( PDF ). Volume 5. pp. 21 -- 73. ISBN 1 - 930723 - 27 - X. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 1 September 2006. Jump up ^ Serventy, Vincent ( 1984 ). Australian Native Plants. Frenchs Forest, NSW : Reed. ISBN 0 - 7301 - 0020 - 0. Jump up ^ `` Light in the Rainforest '' ( PDF ). Tropical Topics. Vol. 1 no. 5. Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage. 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 29 May 2009... Jump up ^ `` The Banyan Tree ''. The Lovely Plants. 14 September 2010. Jump up ^ Yule, Henry ; Burnell, Arthur Coke ( 1903 ). Crooke, William, ed. Hobson - Jobson : A glossary of colloquial Anglo - Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive ( New ed. ). London : J. Murray. p. 65. Jump up ^ `` Small Is the Old Big ''. Taipei Times. 22 September 2005. Jump up ^ `` Significance of Vat Savitri Puja ''. Hindu Blog. Jump up ^ Pali Text Society, London ( 1921 -- 25 ). Rhys Davids, T.W. ; Stede, William, eds. The Pali Text Society 's Pali - English dictionary. Chipstead. p. 355, entry `` Nigrodha, ''. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Jump up ^ See, for instance, the automated search of the SLTP ed. of the Pali Canon for the root `` nigrodh '' which results in 243 matches `` Search term ' Nigrodh ' found in 243 pages in all documents ''. Bodhgayanews.net. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Jump up ^ See, e.g., SN 46.39, `` Trees ( Discourse ), '' trans. by Bhikkhu Bodhi ( 2000 ), Connected Discourses of the Buddha : A Translation of the Saṃyutta Nikāya ( Boston : Wisdom Publications ), pp. 1593, 1906 n. 81 ; and, Sn 2.5 v. 271 or 272 ( Fausböll, 1881, p. 46 ). Jump up ^ Magdalena, Fred. `` About the Mysterious Balete Tree ''. BONSAIpinoy ( Blog ). Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Jump up ^ `` Ghost stories : Taotaomona, duendes and other spirits inhabit Guam ''. Pacific Daily News. Guam. 28 October 2007. ^ Jump up to : John R.K. Clark ( 2001 ). Hawai'i place names : shores, beaches, and surf sites. University of Hawaii Press. p. 23. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8248 - 2451 - 8. Jump up ^ `` Attractions of Jagannath Temple, Temples inside Jagannath Temple, Kasi Biswanath Mandira, Koili Baikuntha ''. Jump up ^ `` LEGOLAND Florida The Belle of Theme Parks ''. 20 October 2011. Jump up ^ `` In the shade of the banyan tree ''. The Economist. 8 April 2009. Jump up ^ Home Page Jump up ^ `` CRASH 4 - Jet Set Willy ''. External links Look up banyan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banyans. Stranglers and Banyans, palomar.edu Plant Cultures : Banyan tree history and botany, plantcultures.org.uk Worship in Hinduism Main topics Aarti Bhajan Darśana Deities Festivals Homa ( Yajna ) Kirtan Mantra Murti Tilaka Utsava Vrata Yatra Rituals Puja Abhisheka Bhog Naivedhya Panchamakara Panchamrita Parikrama Pranāma Prasad Pushpanjali Homa Yajna Agnicayana Agnihotra Agnikaryam Aupasana Dhuni Kaamya karma Pravargya Purushamedha Putrakameshti Viraja Homa Other Achamana Archana Ashirvad Ashvamedha Darśana Karmkand Kumbhabhishekham Nitya karma Ngejot Panchayatana puja Prana pratishta Sandhyavandanam Shuddhi Shrauta Upakarma Prayer Meditation Ajapa japa Bhajan Brahmamuhurtha Jagran Jai Sri Ram Japa Kirtan Om Sandhyavandanam Shaktipat Stotra Third eye Yoga Mantras Om Hare Krishna Om Namah Shivaya Gayatri Mantra Objects Puja thali Altar Banalinga Banana leaf Biruda Coconut Dhunachi Dhuni Dhupa Diya Cāmara Garland Ghanta Joss stick Kalasha Kamandalu Khirapat Kindi Paduka Palki Panchamrita Pandal Pinda Prayer beads Rangoli Shankha Tilaka Upanayana Uthsavar Yagnopaveetham Materials Agarwood Alta Camphor Charu Ghee Incense Kumkuma Marigold Milk Panchagavya Rudraksha Sandalwood Sindoor Soma Tulsi Turmeric Vibhuti Instruments Dholak Harmonium Karatalas Khol Manjira Mridangam Tabla Iconography Lingam Murti Om Pindi Shaligram Swastika Yoni more... Places Ashram Dwajasthambam Ghat Kalyani Matha Temple Pilgrimage sites Roles Guru Pandit Pujari Rishi Sadhu Sannyasa Swami Yogi more... Sacred animals Nāga Nag Panchami Nagaradhane Sacred plants Trees Akshayavat Ashoka Banyan Kadamba Kalpavriksha Parijaat Peepal Sacred groves Fruits and other plants Bael Kusha grass Lotus Tulsi ( Tulasi chaura Tulsi Vivah ) See also Firewalking Sanskara Temple dance Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banyan&oldid=798405978 '' Categories : Ficus Trees of India Trees of Malesia Trees of Bangladesh Trees of the Bahamas Trees of the Caribbean Trees of Central America Trees of the Southeastern United States Trees of South America Flora of the Maldives Sacred trees in Hinduism Trees in Buddhist texts Epiphytes National symbols of Indonesia Plant common names Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May 2016 Wikipedia introduction cleanup from January 2017 All pages needing cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from January 2017 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Articles lacking page references from January 2017 Articles with ' species ' microformats Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017 Accuracy disputes from January 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bân - lâm - gú Bislama Català ދިވެހިބަސް Español Esperanto فارسی ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी ಕನ್ನಡ Кыргызча Magyar മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Norsk Norsk nynorsk ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی संस्कृतम् Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Tagalog ไทย اردو Tiếng Việt 文言 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 September 2017, at 18 : 56. 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Question: what is the hindi name of banyan tree
Answer: bargad