L.H.O.O.Q. - Wikipedia L.H.O.O.Q. `` Lhooq '' redirects here. For the musical production alias derived from the rectified readymade, see Jóhann Jóhannsson. L.H.O.O.Q. ( 1919 ). Marcel Duchamp L.H.O.O.Q. ( French pronunciation : ​ ( ɛl aʃ oo ky ) ) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp. First conceived in 1919, the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically a rectified ready - made. The readymade involves taking mundane, often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming them, by adding to them, changing them, or ( as in the case of his most famous work Fountain ) simply renaming them and placing them in a gallery setting. In L.H.O.O.Q. the objet trouvé ( `` found object '' ) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title. Contents 1 Overview 2 Parodies of Duchamp 's parodic Mona Lisa 2.1 Pre-Internet era 2.2 Internet and computerized parodies 3 Versions 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Overview Eugène Bataille, La Joconde fumant la pipe, Le Rire, 1887 The subject of the Mona Lisa treated satirically had already been explored in 1887 by Eugène Bataille ( aka Sapeck ) when he created Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, published in Le Rire. It is not clear, however, if Duchamp was familiar with Sapeck 's work. The name of the piece, L.H.O.O.Q., is a pun ; the letters pronounced in French sound like `` Elle a chaud au cul '', `` She is hot in the arse '' ; `` avoir chaud au cul '' is a vulgar expression implying that a woman has sexual restlessness. In a late interview ( Schwarz 203 ), Duchamp gives a loose translation of L.H.O.O.Q. as `` there is fire down below ''. As was the case with a number of his readymades, Duchamp made multiple versions of L.H.O.O.Q. of differing sizes and in different media throughout his career, one of which, an unmodified black and white reproduction of the Mona Lisa mounted on card, is called L.H.O.O.Q. Shaved. The masculinized female introduces the theme of gender reversal, which was popular with Duchamp, who adopted his own female pseudonym, Rrose Sélavy, pronounced `` Eros, c'est la vie '' ( `` Eros, that 's life '' ). Primary responses to L.H.O.O.Q. interpreted its meaning as being an attack on the iconic Mona Lisa and traditional art, a stroke of épater le bourgeois promoting the Dadaist ideals. According to one commentator : The creation of L.H.O.O.Q. profoundly transformed the perception of La Joconde ( what the French call the painting, in contrast with the Americans and Germans, who call it the Mona Lisa ). In 1919 the cult of Jocondisme was practically a secular religion of the French bourgeoisie and an important part of their self image as patrons of the arts. They regarded the painting with reverence, and Duchamp 's salacious comment and defacement was a major stroke of epater le bourgeois ( `` freaking out '' or substantially offending the bourgeois ). According to Rhonda R. Shearer the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp 's own face. Parodies of Duchamp 's parodic Mona Lisa Pre-internet era Francis Picabia parodied L.H.O.O.Q in 1942 in his annotated Tableau Dada Par Marcel Duchamp ( `` Dadaist Painting by Marcel Duchamp '' ). Salvador Dalí created his Self Portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954, referencing L.H.O.O.Q. in collaboration with Philippe Halsman. This work incorporated photographs of a wild - eyed Dalí showing his handlebar moustache and a handful of coins. Icelandic painter Erró then incorporated Dalí 's version of L.H.O.O.Q. into a 1958 composition that also included a film - still from Dalí 's Un Chien Andalou. Fernand Léger and René Magritte have also adapted L.H.O.O.Q., using their own iconography. Internet and computerized parodies The use of computers permitted new forms of parodies of L.H.O.O.Q., including interactive ones. One form of computerized parody using the Internet juxtaposes layers over the original, on a webpage. In one example, the original layer is Mona Lisa. The second layer is transparent in the main, but is opaque and obscures the original layer in some places ( for example, where Duchamp located the moustache ). This technology is described at the George Washington University Law School website. An example of this technology is a copy of Mona Lisa with a series of different superpositions -- first Duchamp 's moustache, then an eye patch, then a hat, a hamburger, and so on. This is a link to the graphic. The point of this technology ( which is explained on the foregoing website for a copyright law class ) is that it permits making a parody that need not involve making an infringing copy of the original work if it simply uses an inline link to the original, which is presumably on an authorized webpage. According to the website at which the material is located : The layers paradigm is significant in a computer - related or Internet context because it readily describes a system in which the person ultimately responsible for creating the composite ( here, corresponding to ( a modern - day ) Duchamp ) does not make a physical copy of the original work in the sense of storing it in permanent form ( fixed as a copy ) distributed to the end user. Rather, the person distributes only the material of the subsequent layers, ( so that ) the aggrieved copyright owner ( here, corresponding to Leonardo da Vinci ) distributes the material of the underlying ( original Mona Lisa ) layer, and the end user 's system receives both. The end user 's system then causes a temporary combination, in its computer RAM and the user 's brain. The combination is a composite of the layers. Framing and superimposition of popup windows exemplify this paradigm. Other computer - implemented distortions of L.H.O.O.Q. or Mona Lisa reproduce the elements of the original, thereby creating an infringing reproduction, if the underlying work is protected by copyright. ( Leonardo 's rights in Mona Lisa would, of course, have long expired had such rights existed in his age. ) This is a link to examples of the foregoing parodies, together with an explanation of the technology. ( These animations were originally prepared by the late Professor Ed Stephan of Western Washington University. ) Versions 1919 -- Private collection, Paris, on loan to the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. 1920 -- Present location unknown. 1930 -- Large scale replica, private collection, Paris 1940 -- A color reproduction made from the original. It was stolen in 1981 and has not been recovered. 1958 -- Collection of Antoni Tàpies, Barcelona. 1960 -- Oil on wood. In the collection of Dorothea Tanning, New York. 1964 -- Thirty - eight replicas made to be inserted into a limited edition of Pierre de Massot 's Marcel Duchamp, propos et souvenirs. Collection of Arturo Schwarz, Milan. 1965 -- L.H.O.O.Q. Shaved is a playing card reproduction of the Mona Lisa mounted on paper. The Mona Lisa painting is unmodified but for the inscription LHOOQ rasée. See also Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations Legacy of Mona Lisa Walker 's L.H.O.O.Q. References ^ Jump up to : Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q. or La Joconde, 1964 ( replica of 1919 original ) Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena. Jump up ^ More recent scholarship suggests that Duchamp laboriously altered the postcard before adding the moustache, including merging his own portrait with that of Mona Lisa. See Marco de Martino, `` Mona Lisa : Archived 20 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Who Is Hidden Behind the Woman With the Moustache ? '' Jump up ^ Coquelin, Ernest, Le Rire ( 2e éd. ) / par Coquelin cadet ; ill. de Sapeck, Bibliothèque nationale de France Jump up ^ Kristina, Seekamp ( 2004 ). `` L.H.O.O.Q. or Mona Lisa ''. Unmaking the Museum : Marcel Duchamp 's Readymades in Context. Binghamton University Department of Art History. Archived from the original on 2006 - 09 - 12. External link in work = ( help ) Jump up ^ See, for example, Andreas Huyssen, After the Great Divide : `` It is not the artistic achievement of Leonardo that is mocked by moustache, goatee, and obscene allusion, but rather the cult object that the Mona Lisa had become in that temple of bourgeois art religion, the Louvre. '' ( Quoted in Steven Baker, The Fiction of Postmodernity, p. 49 Jump up ^ L.H.O.O.Q. -- Internet - Related Derivative Works. Jump up ^ Martino, Marco De ( 2003 ). `` Mona Lisa : Who is Hidden Behind the Woman with the Mustache ? ''. Art Science Research Laboratory. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2008. ^ Jump up to : Irish, Sharon ( 2010 ). Suzanne Lacy : Spaces Between. Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press. pp. 67, 68. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8166 - 6095 - 7. Retrieved 26 August 2012. ^ Jump up to : Peter Hedstrom,, Peter Bearman ( 2009 ). The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology. USA : Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191615238. Retrieved 26 August 2012. Jump up ^ Baron, Robert A. ( 1973 ). `` Mona Lisa Images for a Modern World ''. exhibition catalogue. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009. Jump up ^ This material is part of the George Washington University Law School Cases and Materials for Computer Law 484. Jump up ^ See Perfect 10, Inc. v. Google, Inc. Jump up ^ L.H.O.O.Q. External links http://www.toutfait.com/unmaking_the_museum/LHOOQ.html L.H.O.O.Q. -- Internet - Related Derivative Works Appropriation in the arts By field Music Appropriation Bootleg recording Contrafact List Contrafactum Cover version Interpolation List of musical medleys Music mashup Music plagiarism Musical quotation Parody music Pasticcio Plunderphonics Potpourri DJ mix Quodlibet Remix Sampling Sound collage Trope Variation Literature / theatre Assemblage Cut - up technique Joke theft Trope Found poetry Flarf poetry Verbatim theatre Painting / sculpture / comics / photography Collage Swipe Comic strip switcheroo Photographic mosaic Combine painting By source material Mona Lisa Michelangelo 's David Michelangelo 's Pietà Statue of Liberty Cinema / television / video Video mashup Re-cut trailer TV format Found footage Remake Parody film Collage film General concepts Intertextual figures Allusion Calque Plagiarism Pastiche Parody Quotation Translation Adaptation Drama Film Literary Theatre Other concepts Assemblage ( art ) Bricolage Citation Derivative work Détournement Found object Homage Imitation in art Mashup Reprise Source criticism in the arts Related artistic concepts Originality Artistic inspiration Afflatus Genius ( literature ) Genre Genre studies Parody advertisement In - joke Tribute act Fan fiction Simulacrum Archetypal literary criticism Readymades of Marcel Duchamp Anti-art Pop art Aesthetic interpretation Western canon Standard blocks and forms Jazz standard Stock character Plot device Dramatic structure Formula fiction Monomyth Archetype Epoch - marking works L.H.O.O.Q. ( 1919 ) `` Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote '' ( 1939 ) Reality Hunger : A Manifesto ( 2010 ) Theorization Mimesis Dionysian imitatio De Copia Rerum Romantic movement Russian formalism Modernist movement Postmodern movement Palimpsests : Literature in the Second Degree Related non-artistic concepts Cultural appropriation Appropriation in sociology Articulation in sociology Trope ( literature ) Academic dishonesty Authorship Genius Intellectual property Recontextualisation Marcel Duchamp Artworks Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 ( 1912 ) Bicycle Wheel ( 1913 ) Bottle Rack ( 1914 ) Prelude to a Broken Arm ( 1915 ) The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even ( 1915 -- 1923 ) Apolinère Enameled ( 1916 -- 17 ) Fountain ( 1917 ) L.H.O.O.Q. ( 1919 ) Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy ? ( 1921 ) Étant donnés ( 1946 -- 1966 ) Films Anemic Cinema ( 1926 ) 8 × 8 : A Chess Sonata in 8 Movements ( 1957 ) Related Readymades of Marcel Duchamp Anti-art Dada The Blind Man Fountain Archive Portrait of Marcel Duchamp Alexina Duchamp ( wife ) Jacques Villon ( brother ) Raymond Duchamp - Villon ( brother ) Suzanne Duchamp ( sister ) Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa Subject Lisa del Giocondo Replicas Isleworth Mona Lisa ( 16th century ) Mona Lisa ( Prado, c. 1503 -- 1516 ) L.H.O.O.Q. ( 1919 ) Mini Lisa ( 2013 ) Related Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations Speculations about Mona Lisa Timeline of fictional stories about the Mona Lisa 1911 theft Eduardo de Valfierno Yves Chaudron Vincenzo Peruggia On screen The Theft of the Mona Lisa ( 1931 ) The Mona Lisa Has Been Stolen ( 1966 ) City of Death ( 1979 ) Mona Lisa 's Revenge ( 2009 ) Music Mona Lisa ( 1915 opera ) `` Mona Lisa '' ( 1950 song ) `` Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile '' ( 1984 song ) `` Lisa Mona Lisa '' ( 1988 song ) `` The Mona Lisa '' ( 2013 song ) Literature The Second Mrs. Giaconda ( 1975 ) I, Mona Lisa ( 2006 ) The Smile ( 2008 ) Other `` The Ballad of Mona Lisa '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L.H.O.O.Q.&oldid=848160325 '' Categories : Marcel Duchamp works Puns 1919 works Mona Lisa Parodies Found object Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors : external links Use dmy dates from December 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español Français Italiano עברית 日本 語 Português Svenska Türkçe 中文 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 June 2018, at 04 : 09 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who painted a mustache on the mona lisa
Answer: Marcel Duchamp