Sailor - wikipedia Sailor This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( October 2012 ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2013 ) For other uses, see Sailor ( disambiguation ). `` Seafarer '' and `` seafarers '' redirect here. For other uses, see The Seafarer ( disambiguation ). `` Mariner '' redirects here. For other uses, see Mariner ( disambiguation ). Not to be confused with Sailer ( disambiguation ). Sailor An American naval sailor aboard a U.S. Navy ship in September 2015. Occupation Occupation type Profession Activity sectors Military and civilian Description Competencies Physical Stamina Mindset Fields of employment Navy, civilian companies and organizations Related jobs Maritime Three types of mariners, seen here in the wheelhouse of a ship : a master, an able seaman, and a harbour pilot. A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who navigates waterborne vessels or assists as a crewmember in their operation and maintenance. The term bluejacket may be used for British or US Navy enlisted sailors, the latter especially when deployed ashore as infantry. The Bluejacket 's Manual is the basic handbook for United States Navy personnel. 700,000 of the world 's mariners come from the Philippines, being the world 's largest origin of seafarers. Etymologically, the name `` sailor '' preserves the memory of the time when ships were commonly powered by sails, but it applies to the personnel of all vessels, whatever their mode of propulsion, and includes military ( naval ) and security ( coast guard ) maritime personnel and members of the merchant marine, as well as recreational sailors. The term `` seaman '' is frequently used in the particular sense of a sailor who is not an officer. Contents 1 Professional mariners 1.1 Deck department 1.2 Engineering department 1.3 Steward 's department 1.4 Other departments 1.5 Working conditions 1.6 Life at sea 2 Notable mariners 3 Other uses 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Professional mariners Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean - going vessel. A ship 's crew can generally be divided into four main categories : the deck department, the engineering department, the steward 's department, and others. Deck department For more details on this topic, see Deck department. An able seaman stands iceberg lookout on the bow of the freighter USNS Southern Cross during a re-supply mission to McMurdo Station, Antarctica ; circa 1981. Officer positions in the deck department include but are not limited to : master and his chief, second and third officers. The official classifications for unlicensed members of the deck department are able seaman and ordinary seaman. With some variation, the chief mate is most often charged with the duties of cargo mate. Second Mates are charged with being the medical officer in case of medical emergency. All three mates each do four - hour morning and afternoon shifts on the bridge, when underway at sea. A common deck crew for a ship includes : ( 1 ) Captain / Master ( 1 ) Chief Officer / Chief Mate ( 1 ) Second Officer / Second Mate ( 1 ) Third Officer / Third Mate ( 1 ) Boatswain ( unlicensed Petty Officer : Qualified member Deck Dept. ) ( 2 ) Able seamen ( unlicensed qualified rating ) ( 2 ) Ordinary seamen ( Entry - level rating ) ( 0 - 1 ) Deck Cadet / unlicensed Trainee navigator / Midshipman Engineering department For more details on this topic, see Engineering department. A ship 's engineering department consists of the members of a ship 's crew that operates and maintains the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel. Marine engineering staff also deal with the `` hotel '' facilities on board, notably the sewage, lighting, air conditioning and water systems. Engineering staff manage bulk fuel transfers, from a fuel - supply barge in port. When underway at sea, the second and third engineers will often be occupied with oil transfers from storage tanks, to active working tanks. Cleaning of oil purifiers is another regular task. Engineering staff are required to have training in firefighting and first aid. Additional duties include maintaining the ship 's boats and performing other nautical tasks. Engineers play a key role in cargo loading / discharging gear and safety systems, though the specific cargo discharge function remains the responsibility of deck officers and deck workers. A common engineering crew for a ship includes : ( 1 ) Chief Engineer ( 1 ) Second Engineer / First Assistant Engineer ( 1 ) Third Engineer / Second Assistant Engineer ( 1 ) Fourth Engineer / Third Assistant Engineer ( 1 ) Motorman ( unlicensed Junior Engineer : Qualified member Engine Dept. ) ( 2 ) Oiler ( unlicensed qualified rating ) ( 2 ) Entry - level rating Wiper ( 0 - 1 ) Engine Cadet / unlicensed Trainee engineer USA ships also carry a qualified member of the engine department. Other possible positions include motorman, machinist, electrician, refrigeration engineer and tankerman. Steward 's department For more details on this topic, see Steward 's department. A typical steward 's department for a cargo ship is a chief steward, a chief cook and a steward 's assistant. All three positions are typically filled by unlicensed personnel. The chief steward directs, instructs, and assigns personnel performing such functions as preparing and serving meals ; cleaning and maintaining officers ' quarters and steward department areas ; and receiving, issuing, and inventorying stores. The chief steward also plans menus ; compiles supply, overtime, and cost control records. The steward may requisition or purchase stores and equipment. Galley roles may include baking. A chief steward 's duties may overlap with those of the steward 's assistant, the chief cook, and other Steward 's department crewmembers. A person has to have a Merchant Mariner 's Document issued by the United States Coast Guard in the United States Merchant Marine in order to serve as a chief steward. All chief cooks who sail internationally are similarly documented by their respective countries because of international conventions and agreements. The only time that steward department staff are charged with duties outside the steward department, is during the execution of the fire and boat drill. Other departments For more details on this topic, see Seafarer 's professions and ranks § Other. Various types of staff officer positions may exist on board a ship, including junior assistant purser, senior assistant purser, purser, chief purser, medical doctor, professional nurse, marine physician assistant and hospital corpsman. These jobs are considered administrative positions and are therefore regulated by Certificates of Registry issued by the United States Coast Guard. Pilots are also merchant marine officers and are licensed by the Coast Guard. Working conditions Standard merchant watch system Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 4am - 8am Team 1 Team 1 Team 1 8am - 12pm Team 2 Team 2 Team 2 12pm - 4pm Team 3 Team 3 Team 3 4pm - 8pm Team 1 Team 1 Team 1 8pm - 12am Team 2 Team 2 Team 2 12am - 4am Team 3 Team 3 Team 3 Mariners spend extended periods at sea. Most deep - sea mariners are hired for one or more voyages that last for several months. There is no job security after that. The length of time between voyages varies by job availability and personal preference. The rate of unionization for these workers in the United States is about 36 percent, much higher than the average for all occupations. Consequently, merchant marine officers and seamen, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies. Hiring halls fill jobs by the length of time the person has been registered at the hall and by their union seniority. Hiring halls typically are found in major seaports. At sea, on larger vessels members of the deck department usually stand watch for 4 hours and are off for 8 hours, 7 days a week. Mariners work in all weather conditions. Working in damp and cold conditions often is inevitable, although ships try to avoid severe storms while at sea. It is uncommon for modern vessels to suffer disasters such as fire, explosion, or a sinking. Yet workers face the possibility of having to abandon ship on short notice if it collides with other vessels or runs aground. Mariners also risk injury or death from falling overboard and from hazards associated with working with machinery, heavy loads, and dangerous cargo. However, modern safety management procedures, advanced emergency communications, and effective international rescue systems place modern mariners in a much safer position. Most newer vessels are air conditioned, soundproofed from noisy machinery, and equipped with comfortable living quarters. These amenities have helped ease the sometimes difficult circumstances of long periods away from home. Also, modern communications ; email, instant messaging and social media platforms etc., link modern mariners to their families. Nevertheless, some mariners dislike the long periods away from home and the confinement aboard ship. They consequently leave the profession. Life at sea The tanker SS Overseas Alice takes seas over the bow during a 1981 run from New Orleans to Panama. Portrait of a sailor taken on board the French aviso Ardent, 1857. Professional mariners live on the margins of society, with much of their life spent beyond the reach of land. They face cramped, stark, noisy, and dangerous conditions at sea. Yet men and women still go to sea. For some, the attraction is a life unencumbered with the restraints of life ashore. Seagoing adventure and a chance to see the world also appeal to many seafarers. Whatever the calling, those who live and work at sea invariably confront social isolation. Findings by the Seafarer 's International Research Center indicate a leading cause of mariners leaving the industry is `` almost invariably because they want to be with their families ''. U.S. merchant ships typically do not allow family members to accompany seafarers on voyages. Industry experts increasingly recognize isolation, stress, and fatigue as occupational hazards. Advocacy groups such as International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency, and the Nautical Institute seek improved international standards for mariners. Sailors on a ship One 's service aboard ships typically extends for months at a time, followed by protracted shore leave. However, some seamen secure jobs on ships they like and stay aboard for years. In rare cases, veteran mariners choose never to go ashore when in port. Further, the quick turnaround of many modern ships, spending only a matter of hours in port, limits a seafarer 's free - time ashore. Moreover, some seafarers entering U.S. ports from a watch list of 25 countries deemed high - risk face restrictions on shore leave due to security concerns in a post 9 / 11 environment. However, shore leave restrictions while in U.S. ports impact American seamen as well. For example, the International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots notes a trend of U.S. shipping terminal operators restricting seamen from traveling from the ship to the terminal gate. Further, in cases where transit is allowed, special `` security fees '' are at times assessed. Such restrictions on shore leave coupled with reduced time in port by many ships translate into longer periods at sea. Mariners report that extended periods at sea living and working with shipmates who for the most part are strangers takes getting used to. At the same time, there is an opportunity to meet people from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Recreational opportunities have improved aboard some U.S. ships, which may feature gyms and day rooms for watching movies, swapping sea stories, and other activities. And in some cases, especially tankers, it is made possible for a mariner to be accompanied by members of his family. However, a mariner 's off duty time at sea is largely a solitary affair, pursuing hobbies, reading, writing letters, and sleeping. Internet accessibility is fast coming to the sea with the advent of cheap satellite communication, mainly from Inmarsat. The availability of affordable roaming sim cards with online top - up facilities have also contributed to improved connection with friends and family at home. Notable mariners Further information : List of notable mariners and List of sea captains Statue dedicated to Italian Sailors at Finale Ligure, Liguria, Italy. Erik the Red and his son Leif Erikson were the first notable mariners known to sail in a primitive, partly man powered vessel across the Arctic and the North Atlantic Ocean. Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha ( Turkish : Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa or Hızır Hayrettin Paşa ; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kaptan - ı Derya ( Fleet Admiral ) of the Ottoman Navy ) ( c. 1478 -- 4 July 1546 ) was an Ottoman admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades. He was born on the island of Lesbos / Mytilini and died in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital. Merchant seamen have gone on to make their mark on the world in a number of interesting ways. Traian Băsescu, who started his career as a third mate in 1976 is now the President of Romania. Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded the city of Sydney, Australia. Merchant mariner Douglass North went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics. Jimmy Carter went on to become the 39th President of the United States after service in the US Navy. Members of the British Merchant Navy have won the Distinguished Service Cross and have had careers taking them from ' Deck Boy Peter ' to Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC. Canadian merchant seamen have won the Victoria Cross and the Medal of Honor. American merchant seamen have won the Medal of Honor in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and one went on to become the `` Father of the American Navy. '' One does n't have to look far to find merchant seamen who became war heroes in Scotland, France, New Zealand, Peru, or Denmark. Since World War II, a number of merchant seamen have become notorious criminals. American William Colepaugh was convicted as a Nazi spy in World War II and Fritz Sauckel was convicted as a Nazi war criminal. Briton Duncan Scott - Ford was hanged for treachery in World War II. George Hennard was an American mass murderer who claimed 24 victims on a rampage at Luby 's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas. And Perry Smith 's own murderous rampage was made famous in Truman Capote 's non-fiction novel In Cold Blood. Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition that circumnavigated the globe in 1519 -- 1522. Mariners are well represented in the visual arts. French pilot 's assistant Paul Gauguin later became a leading post-impressionist painter and pioneered modern art 's synthetist style. American seaman Haskell Wexler later won two Academy Awards, the latter for a biography of his shipmate Woody Guthrie. British Merchant Navy member Ken Russell later directed films such as Tommy, Altered States and The Lair of the White Worm. Merchant seaman Johnny Craig was already a working comic book artist before he joined up, but Ernie Schroeder would n't start drawing comics until after returning home from World War II. Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport. In football, with Fred Blackburn in England and the likes of Dan Devine and Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich in the U.S. In track and field, American seamen Cornelius Johnson and Jim Thorpe both won Olympic medals, though Thorpe did n't get his until 30 years after his death. Seamen Jim Bagby, Jr. and Charlie Keller went on to Major League Baseball. Drew Bundini Brown was Muhammad Ali 's assistant trainer and cornerman, and Joe Gold went on to make his fortune as the bodybuilding and fitness guru of Gold 's Gym. Other sporting notables include Dutchman Henk de Velde known for sailing solo around the world, and Briton Matthew Webb who was the first person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aid. Irish Merchant Navy member Kevin McClory spent 14 days in a lifeboat and later went on to write the James Bond movies Never Say Never Again and Thunderball. Members of the American Beat Movement Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Bob Kaufman, and Herbert Huncke were all Merchant Mariners. It is perhaps not surprising that the writers of Moby Dick, The American Practical Navigator, and Two Years Before the Mast were Merchant Mariners. It might be surprising that the writers of Borat, A Hard Day 's Night, and Cool Hand Luke were. Seamen always complain about leaving their girl friends ashore, but imagine how James Dougherty felt, leaving his 17 - year - old wife Marilyn Monroe on the beach. Merchant Navy steward Freddie Lennon had a surprise when he returned home to find he had a newborn son. That son later founded the musical group The Beatles. A number of U.S. Merchant Mariners from World War II later played well known television characters. The list includes Milburn Drysdale on The Beverly Hillbillies, Archie Bunker on All in the Family, Peter Falk on Columbo, Jim Rockford on The Rockford Files, Steve McGarret on Hawaii Five - O, Uncle Jesse Duke on The Dukes of Hazzard and Cheyenne Bodie on Cheyenne. Other uses Statue of a Mexican Navy sailor at the Naval History Museum. An ancient term, the word `` sailor '' has come to mean many things. Sailor may refer to : A person who is under sail and not on a vessel with motorized power of any kind in the Royal Navy, A person who goes out sailing, boating or yachting, A person who practices the art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or sailboat across a body of water, An enlisted member of a military naval force, Anyone on a boat, Anyone from a recruit to an admiral in a navy or coast guard, Members of the deck department as opposed to members of other departments in the Merchant Navy. See also Nautical portal British Merchant Navy Marines Sailing Sailing ( sport ) Sailor jargon Sailor suit Seafarer 's professions and ranks Seaman The Marine Society United States Merchant Marine Ocean Rowing Notes Jump up ^ On smaller vessels with a single mate 6 hours on and 6 hours off are common. Mariners employed on Great Lakes ships work 60 days and have 30 days off. They do not work in the winter when the lakes are frozen. Workers on rivers, on canals, and in harbors are more likely to have year - round work. Some work 8 - hour or 12 - hour shifts and go home every day. Others work steadily for a week or a month and then have an extended period off. When working, they usually are on duty for 6 or 12 hours and off for 6 or 12 hours. Those on smaller vessels are normally assigned to one vessel and have steady employment. References Jump up ^ Patrick H. Roth ( September 20, 2012 ). `` Sailors as Infantry in the U.S. Navy ''. Appendix A Thirty six Illustrative Examples of the Use of Sailors as Infantry. The Navy Department Library. Retrieved December 18, 2012. Jump up ^ VVP ( 19 January 2013 ). `` Pinoy seafarers ' concerns taken up with US Coast Guard head ''. GMA News. Retrieved 24 January 2013. Jump up ^ Maritime seagoing career - offshore and onshore Jump up ^ * `` Water Transportation Occupations ''. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 2007 - 03 - 31. External links Survey of Water Transport Occupations Seafarer Fatigue : The Cardiff Research Programme Sailor at Etymology Online The Telegraph, Sea no evil : the life of a modern sailor Shipboard occupations Senior personnel Captain Chief engineer Maritime pilot Deck department Officers ( Mates ) : Chief mate Second mate Third mate Ratings ( Rates ) : Bosun ( Able seaman Ordinary seaman ) Cadet Engine department Officers ( Engineers ) : 1st assistant 2nd assistant 3rd assistant Enlisted ( Ratings ) : Motorman Oiler Wiper Steward 's department Commissioned : Chief cook Purser Enlisted : Chief steward Steward GND : 4138252 - 3 NDL : 00570668 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailor&oldid=801693759 '' Categories : Nautical terminology Sailors Water transport Military specialisms Marine occupations Hidden categories : Articles with limited geographic scope from October 2012 Articles needing additional references from January 2013 All articles needing additional references Pages using deprecated image syntax Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia ܐܪܡܝܐ বাংলা Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Kiswahili Latina Lietuvių Bahasa Melayu 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Soomaaliga Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська ייִדיש 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 21 September 2017, at 07 : 22. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what does a sailor do in the navy
Answer: navigates waterborne vessels or assists as a crewmember in their operation and maintenance