Jantar Mantar, Jaipur - Wikipedia Jantar Mantar, Jaipur For other uses, see Jantar Mantar ( disambiguation ). The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur UNESCO World Heritage site Location Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Criteria Cultural : ( iii ), ( iv ) Reference 1338 Inscription 2010 ( 34th Session ) Area 1.8652 ha ( 4.609 acres ) Buffer zone 14.6664 ha ( 36.241 acres ) Coordinates 26 ° 55 ′ 29 '' N 75 ° 49 ′ 28 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 26.92472 ° N 75.82444 ° E ﻿ / 26.92472 ; 75.82444 Coordinates : 26 ° 55 ′ 29 '' N 75 ° 49 ′ 28 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 26.92472 ° N 75.82444 ° E ﻿ / 26.92472 ; 75.82444 Location of Jantar Mantar, Jaipur in Rajasthan. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur ( India ) Show map of Rajasthan Show map of India Show all The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed in 1734. It features the world 's largest stone sundial, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal. The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye. The monument expresses architectural innovations, as well as the coming together of ideas from different religious and social beliefs in 18th - century India. The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations. The monument features instruments operating in each of the three main classical celestial coordinate systems : the horizon - zenith local system, the equatorial system and the ecliptic system. The Kapala Yantraprakara is one that works in two systems and allows transformation of the coordinates directly from one system to the other. The monument was damaged in the 19th century. Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District. Contents 1 Name 2 Purpose 3 History 4 Description 4.1 Materials of construction 5 Theory 6 The telescope in India 7 Filming location 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Name The name is derived from jantar ( yantra, Sanskrit : यन्त्र, `` instrument, machine '' ), and mantar ( from mantrana, Sanskrit : मन्त्रण, `` consult, calculate '' ). Therefore, Jantar Mantar literally means ' calculating instrument '. Purpose Jai Singh noticed that the zij used in his time, especially the predictions of the position of celestial objects such as the moon, did not match the positions calculated on the table. He constructed five new observatories in different cities in order to create a more accurate Zij. The astronomical tables Jai Singh created, the Zij - i Muhammad Shahi was continuously used in India for a century although the table had little significance outside of India. History When Jai Singh began constructing the Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is unknown, but several instruments had been built by 1728, and the construction of the instruments in Jaipur continued until 1738. During 1735, when construction was at its peak, at least 23 Astronomers were employed in Jaipur, and due to the changing political climate, Jaipur replaced Delhi as Jai Singh 's main observatory, and remained Jai Singh 's central observatory until his death in 1743. The observatory lost support under Isvari Singh ( r. 1743 - 1750 ) because of a succession war between him and his brother. However, Mado Singh ( r. 1750 - 1768 ), Isvari Singh 's successor, supported the observatory, although it did not see the same level of activity as under Jai Singh. Although some restorations were made to the Jantar Mantar under Pratap Singh ( r. 1778 - 1803 ), activity at the observatory died down again. During this time, a temple was constructed, and Pratap Singh turned the site of the observatory into a gun factory. Ram Singh ( r. 1835 - 1880 ) began the restoration of the Jantar Mantar, and completed restoring it in 1876, and even made some of the instruments more durable by inserting lead into the lines in the instruments, and restoring some of the plaster instruments with stone instead. However, the observatory soon became neglected again, and was not restored until 1901 under Madho Singh II ( r. 1880 - 1922 ) Description The Jantar Mantar deploys all three ancient coordinate system of the five celestial coordinate systems known. In the image above, the red ( ecliptic ) and blue ( equatorial ) coordinate systems are two of the three classical systems that feature in the monument 's instruments. Laghu samrat yantra The observatory consists of nineteen instruments for measuring time, predicting eclipses, tracking location of major stars as the earth orbits around the sun, ascertaining the declinations of planets, and determining the celestial altitudes and related ephemerides. The instruments are ( alphabetical ) : Chakra Yantra ( four semicircular arcs on which a gnomon casts a shadow, thereby giving the declination of the Sun at four specified times of the day. This data corresponds to noon at four observatories around the world ( Greenwich in UK, Zurich in Switzerland, Notke in Japan and Saitchen in the Pacific ) ; this is equivalent of a wall of clocks registering local times in different parts of the world. ) Dakshin Bhitti Yantra ( measures meridian, altitude and zenith distances of celestial bodies ) Digamsha Yantra ( a pillar in the middle of two concentric outer circles, used to measure azimuth of the sun, and to calculate the time of sunrise and sunset forecasts ) Disha Yantra Dhruva Darshak Pattika ( observe and find the location of pole star with respect to other celestial bodies ) Jai Prakash Yantra ( two hemispherical bowl - based sundial with marked marble slabs that map inverted image of sky and allows the observer to move inside the instrument, measures altitudes, azimuths, hour angles and declinations ) Kapali Yantra ( measures coordinates of celestial bodies in azimuth and equatorial systems, any point in sky can be visually transformed from one coordinate system to another ) Kanali Yantra Kranti Vritta Yantra ( measures longitude and latitude of celestial bodies ) Laghu Samrat Yantra ( the smaller sundial at the monument, inclined at 27 degrees, to measure time, less accurate than Vrihat Samrat Yantra ) Misra Yantra Nadi Valaya Yantra ( two sundials on different faces of the instrument, the two faces represent north and south hemispheres, the accuracy of the instrument in measuring the time is less than a minute ) Palbha Yantra Rama Yantra ( an upright building used to find the altitude and the azimuth of the sun ) Rashi Valaya Yantra ( 12 gnomon dials that measure ecliptic coordinates of stars, planets and all 12 constellation systems ) Shastansh Yantra ( next to Vrihat Samrat Yantra, this instrument is a 60 degree arc built in the meridian plane within a dark chamber. At noon, the sun 's pinhole image falls on a scale below enabling the observer to measure the zenith distance, declination, and the diameter of the Sun. ) Unnatasha Yantra ( a metal ring divided into four segments by horizontal and vertical lines, with a hole in the middle ; the position and orientation of the instrument allows measurement of the altitude of celestial bodies ) Vrihat Samrat Yantra ( world 's largest gnomon sundial, measures time in intervals of 2 seconds using shadow cast from the sunlight ) Yantra Raj Yantra ( a 2.43 - metre bronze astrolabe, one of the largest in the world, used only once a year, calculates the Hindu calendar ) The Vrihat Samrat Yantra, which means the `` great king of instruments '', is 88 feet ( 27 m ) high ; its shadow tells the time of day. Its face is angled at 27 degrees, the latitude of Jaipur. The Hindu chhatri ( small cupola ) on top is used as a platform for announcing eclipses and the arrival of monsoons. Jai Prakash Yantra at Jantar Mantar, Jaipur. The instruments are in most cases huge structures. The scale to which they have been built has been alleged to increase their accuracy. However, the penumbra of the sun can be as wide as 30 mm, making the 1mm increments of the Samrat Yantra sundial devoid of any practical significance. Additionally, the masons constructing the instruments had insufficient experience with construction of this scale, and subsidence of the foundations has subsequently misaligned them. The samrat yantra, for instance, which is a sundial, can be used to tell the time to an accuracy of about two seconds in Jaipur local time. The Giant Sundial, known as the Samrat Yantra ( The Supreme Instrument ) is one of the world 's largest sundials, standing 27 metres tall. Its shadow moves visibly at 1 mm per second, or roughly a hand 's breadth ( 6 cm ) every minute, which can be a profound experience to watch. Materials of construction Observation deck of the vrihat samrat yantra ( the world 's largest sundial ). Built from local stone and marble, each instrument carries an astronomical scale, generally marked on the marble inner lining. Bronze tablets, bricks and mortar were also employed in building the instruments in the monument spread over about 18,700 square metres. It was in continuous use until about 1800, then fell in disuse and disrepair. Restored again several times during the British colonial rule, particularly in 1902, the Jantar Mantar was declared a national monument in 1948. It was restored in 2006. The restoration process in early 20th century replaced some of the original materials of construction with different materials. Jantar Mantar is managed under the Archeological Sites and Monuments Act of Rajasthan since 1961, and protected as a National Monument of Rajasthan since 1968. Theory The Vedas mention astronomical terms, measurement of time and calendar, but do not mention any astronomical instruments. The earliest discussion of astronomical instruments, gnomon and clepsydra, is found in the Vedangas, ancient Sanskrit texts. The gnomon ( called Shanku, शङ्कु ) found at Jantar Mantar monument is discussed in these 1st millennium BCE Vedangas and in many later texts such as the Katyayana sulbasutras. Other discussions of astronomical instruments are found in Hinduism texts such as the 4th century BCE Arthashastra, Buddhist texts such as Sardulakarna - avadana, and Jainism texts such as Surya - prajnapti. The theories behind the instruments are found in texts by the 5th century CE Aryabhatta, 6th century CE Brahmagupta and Varahamihira, 9th century Lalla, 11th century Sripati and Bhaskara. The texts of Bhaskara have dedicated chapters on instruments and he calls them Yantra - adhyaya. The theory of chakra - yantra, yasti - yantra, dhanur - yantra, kapala - yantra, nadivalaya - yantra, kartari - yantra and others are found in the ancient texts. The telescope in India Although Jai Singh 's observatories did not use telescopes, Jai Singh himself had several which he occasionally used for his observations, and telescopes were being built in India at the time. However, telescopes built at the time were not very accurate for measuring celestial objects. In Europe, the telescope sights were first being used, and increased the accuracy of measuring celestial objects. However, the telescope sight was still a new invention in Europe, and had not yet reached India, and European innovations in Astronomy were only slightly more accurate than the medieval Islamic instruments that Jai Singh had created. Filming location It was used as a filming location for the 2006 film The Fall as a maze. Storm Thorgerson photographed the sundial for the cover of Shpongle 's DVD, Live at the Roundhouse 2008. It was photographed by Julio Cortázar with the collaboration of Antonio Gálvez for the book Prosa del Observatorio ( Editorial Lumen : Barcelona, 1972 ). See also Jantar Mantar Yantra Mantra Tantra Gyarah Sidi References ^ Jump up to : `` The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur - UNESCO World Heritage Centre ''. Whc.unesco.org. 2010 - 07 - 31. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 11. ^ Jump up to : The Jantar Mantar at Jaipur, India Portal to the Heritage of Astronomy, in partnership with UNESCO World Heritage Site ^ Jump up to : Smithsonian. Timelines of Science. Penguin. p. 136. ISBN 978 - 1465414342. ^ Jump up to : Yukio Ohashi ( Editor : H Selin ) ( 1997 ). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine. Springer. pp. 83 -- 86. ISBN 978 - 0792340669. ^ Jump up to : Sharma, VN ( 1991 ). `` The Kapala Yantras of Sawai Jai Singh '' ( PDF ). Indian Journal of History of Science. 26 ( 2 ) : 209 -- 216. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 5 May 2015. Jump up ^ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 81, p. 257 Jump up ^ mantraNa, yantra. `` Sanskrit - English Dictionary ''. Spoken Sanskrit Germany. Koln University. Retrieved 15 April 2015. ^ Jump up to : Nath., Sharma, Virendra ( 1995 ). Sawai Jai Singh and his astronomy. Jai Singh II, Maharaja of Jaipur, 1686 - 1743. ( 1st ed. ). Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 812081256X Check isbn = value : checksum ( help ). OCLC 32699670. ^ Jump up to : David Kelly ( 2011 ). Exploring Ancient Skies : A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy. Springer. p. 82. ISBN 978 - 1441976239. ^ Jump up to : Lindsay Brown ( 2008 ). Rajasthan, Delhi & Agra. p. 157. ISBN 978 - 1741046908. Jump up ^ Andreas Volwahsen ( 2001 ). Cosmic architecture in India. Prestel. pp. 48 -- 73. ISBN 978 - 3791325064. Jump up ^ SC Bhatt ( 2006 ). Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories. p. 362. ISBN 978 - 8178353791. Jump up ^ Barry Perlus. `` Architecture in the Service of Science : The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh II '' ( PDF ). Jantarmantar.org. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 11. Jump up ^ `` Largest sundial world record ''. Jump up ^ THE RAJASTHAN MONUMENTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND ANTIQUITIES RULES, 1968 ^ Jump up to : David Edwin Pingree ( 1981 ). A History of Indian Literature, Vol 6. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 52 -- 54. ISBN 978 - 3447021654. Jump up ^ gnomon. `` Sanskrit - English Dictionary ''. Spoken Sanskrit Germany. Koln University. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Jump up ^ `` Twisted Music ''. Twisted Music. 23 October 2009. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012. Further reading Sharma, Virendra Nath and aditya sharma ( 1995 ). Sawai Jai Singh and his astronomy. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81 - 208 - 1256 - 5. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ). Official website of Rajasthan government, India, Jantar Mantar Jantar Mantar - Section III Theory, Construction and Limitations, National University of Singapore Photos of Jantar Mantar Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ) Jantar Mantar Articles and History Architecture in the Service of Science The Jantar Mantar at Jaipur, India at www3.astronomicalheritage.net World Heritage Sites in India North Agra Fort The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier Fatehpur Sikri Great Himalayan National Park Humayun 's Tomb Keoladeo National Park Khajuraho Group of Monuments Kalka - Shimla Railway Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Qutub Minar and its Monuments Red Fort Complex Taj Mahal East Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Kaziranga National Park Mahabodhi Temple Complex Nalanda Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Sun Temple at Konark Sundarbans National Park Khangchendzonga National Park South Great Living Chola Temples Srirangam Ranganatha Swamy Temple Group of Monuments at Hampi Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Nilgiri Mountain Railway Western Ghats West Historic City of Ahmadabad Ajanta Caves Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Champaner - Pavagadh Archaeological Park Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Churches and convents of Goa Elephanta Caves Ellora Caves Hill Forts of Rajasthan Jantar Mantar of Jaipur Rani ki vav Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Western Ghats The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai Indian mathematics Mathematicians Ancient Apastamba Baudhayana Katyayana Manava Pāṇini Pingala Yajnavalkya Classical Āryabhaṭa I Āryabhaṭa II Bhāskara I Bhāskara II Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri Brahmadeva Brahmagupta Brihaddeshi Govindasvāmi Halayudha Jyeṣṭhadeva Kamalakara Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma Mahāvīra Mahendra Sūri Munishvara Narayana Pandit Parameshvara Achyuta Pisharati Jagannatha Samrat Nilakantha Somayaji Śrīpati Sridhara Gangesha Upadhyaya Varāhamihira Sankara Variar Virasena Modern Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients in Mathematical Science Treatises Āryabhaṭīya Bakhshali manuscript Bijaganita Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta Ganita Kaumudi Karanapaddhati Līlāvatī Lokavibhaga Paulisa Siddhanta Paitamaha Siddhanta Romaka Siddhanta Sadratnamala Siddhānta Shiromani Śulba Sūtras Surya Siddhanta Tantrasamgraha Vasishtha Siddhanta Veṇvāroha Yuktibhāṣā Yavanajataka Centres Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics Ujjain Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur, Delhi ) Historians of mathematics Bibhutibhushan Datta T.A. Sarasvati Amma A.A. Krishnaswami Ayyangar Sudhakara Dvivedi Radha Charan Gupta Kim Plofker K.V. Sarma Bapudeva Sastri Prabodh Chandra Sengupta Translators Walter Eugene Clark David Pingree Other regions Babylonian mathematics Chinese mathematics Greek mathematics Islamic mathematics European mathematics Modern institutions Indian Statistical Institute Chennai Mathematical Institute Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai Indian Institute of Science Harish - Chandra Research Institute Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jantar_Mantar,_Jaipur&oldid=852963711 '' Categories : Tourist attractions in Jaipur World Heritage Sites in India History of science and technology in India 1738 establishments in India Ancient astronomical observatories Hidden categories : CS1 errors : ISBN Use dmy dates from June 2016 Use Indian English from June 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Català Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Magyar मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 27 more Edit links This page was last edited on 1 August 2018, at 14 : 38 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who built the jantar mantar observation in jaipur and delhi
Answer: Sawai Jai Singh II