Pamir Mountains - wikipedia Pamir Mountains Pamir Mountains Pamir Mountains from an airplane, June 2008 Highest point Peak Kongur Tagh Elevation 7,649 m ( 25,095 ft ) Coordinates 38 ° 35 ′ 39 '' N 75 ° 18 ′ 48 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.59417 ° N 75.31333 ° E ﻿ / 38.59417 ; 75.31333 Geography Countries Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan and China States / Provinces Gorno - Badakhshan, Osh Region, Wakhan and Xinjiang Range coordinates 38 ° 30 ′ N 73 ° 30 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.5 ° N 73.5 ° E ﻿ / 38.5 ; 73.5 Coordinates : 38 ° 30 ′ N 73 ° 30 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.5 ° N 73.5 ° E ﻿ / 38.5 ; 73.5 The Pamir Mountains, or the Pamirs, are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush, Suleman and Hindu Raj ranges. They are among the world 's highest mountains. The precise extent of the Pamir Mountains is subject to debate. They lie mostly in the Gorno - Badakhshan province of Tajikistan. To the north they join the Tian Shan mountains along the Alay Valley of Kyrgyzstan. To the south they border the Hindu Kush mountains along Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor. To the east they are generally considered to extend to the range that includes China 's Kongur Tagh, a peak which is included in the `` Eastern Pamirs '' more often than in the Kunlun Mountains, as Kongur Tagh and the Kunlun range are separated by the large Yarkand River valley ; no valley of such significance separates the Pamirs and Kongur Tagh, just political boundaries. Contents 1 Name 1.1 `` A pamir '' 2 Geography 2.1 Mountains 2.2 Glaciers 2.3 Climate 2.3. 1 Paleoclimatology during the Ice Age 3 Economy 4 Exploration 5 Discoveries 6 Transport 7 Tourism 8 Strategic position 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Name Since Victorian times, they have been known as the `` Roof of the World '', presumably a translation from Persian. In other languages they are called : Kyrgyz Памир тоолору, Pamir Tooloru, پامىر توولورۇ ; Persian : رشته کوه های پامیر ‎ ‎, Rešte Kūh - hāye Pāmīr ; Tajik : Ришта Кӯҳҳои Помир, Rişta Kûhhoyi Pomir ; Pashto : د پامير غرونه ‎ Da Pāmir Ğruna ; Uyghur : پامىر ئېگىزلىكى, Памир Езгизлики, Pamir Ëzgizliki ; Urdu : پامیر کوهستان Pamir Kuhestan ; simplified Chinese : 葱 岭 ; traditional Chinese : 蔥 嶺 ; pinyin : Cōnglǐng ; Wade -- Giles : Ts'ung - ling or `` Onion Range '' ( after the wild onions growing in the region ) ; Dungan : Памир or Цунлин, written in Xiao'erjing : پَامِعَر or ڞوْلٍْ. The name `` Pamir '' is used more commonly in Modern Chinese and loaned as simplified Chinese : 帕 米尔 ; traditional Chinese : 帕 米爾 ; pinyin : Pàmǐ'ěr. `` A Pamir '' According to Middleton and Thomas, `` pamir '' is a geological term. A pamir is a flat plateau or U-shaped valley surrounded by mountains. It forms when a glacier or ice field melts leaving a rocky plain. A pamir lasts until erosion forms soil and cuts down normal valleys. This type of terrain is found in the east and north of the Wakhan, and the east and south of Gorno - Badakhshan, as opposed to the valleys and gorges of the west. Pamirs are used for summer pasture. The Great Pamir is around Lake Zorkul. The Little Pamir is east of this in the far east of Wakhan. The Taghdumbash Pamir is between Tashkurgan and the Wakhan west of the Karakoram Highway. The Alichur Pamir is around Yashil Kul on the Gunt River. The Sarez Pamir is around the town of Murghab. The Khargush Pamir is south of Lake Karakul. There are several others. The Pamir River is in the south - west of the Pamirs. Geography Pamir Mountains on map showing Sakastan about 100BC Slopes of Pamir Mountains on the Chinese side and Muztagh Ata Mountains The three highest mountains in the Pamirs core are Ismoil Somoni Peak ( known from 1932 -- 1962 as Stalin Peak, and from 1962 -- 1998 as Communism Peak ), 7,495 m ( 24,590 ft ) ; Ibn Sina Peak ( still unofficially known as Lenin Peak ), 7,134 m ( 23,406 ft ) ; and Peak Korzhenevskaya ( Russian : Пик Корженевской, Pik Korzhenevskoi ), 7,105 m ( 23,310 ft ). In the Eastern Pamirs, China 's Kongur Tagh is the highest at 7,649 m ( 25,095 ft ). Among the significant peaks of the Pamir Mountains are the following : Name Height in meters Coord. Sub-range Country Kongur ( Kungur Tagh ) 7,649 ( 38 ° 35 ′ 36 '' N 75 ° 18 ′ 45 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.593428 ° N 75.312560 ° E ﻿ / 38.593428 ; 75.312560 ﻿ ( Kongur ) ) Kongur Shan China Kongur Jiubie ( Kungur Tjube Tagh ) 7,530 ( 38 ° 36 ′ 57 '' N 75 ° 11 ′ 45 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.615833 ° N 75.195833 ° E ﻿ / 38.615833 ; 75.195833 ﻿ ( Kungur Tjube Tagh ) ) Kongur Shan China Muztagh Ata 7,509 ( 38 ° 16 ′ 33 '' N 75 ° 06 ′ 58 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.275855 ° N 75.1161 ° E ﻿ / 38.275855 ; 75.1161 ﻿ ( Muztagata ) ) Muztagh Ata Massif China Ismoil Somoni Peak ( formerly Communism Peak, Stalin Peak ) 7,495 ( 38 ° 56 ′ 36 '' N 72 ° 00 ′ 57 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.943422 ° N 72.015803 ° E ﻿ / 38.943422 ; 72.015803 ﻿ ( Ismoil Somoni Peak ) ) Academy of Sciences Range Tajikistan Lenin Peak ( new name : Abu Ali Ibn Sino Peak ; formerly Kaufmann Peak ) 7,134 ( 39 ° 20 ′ 37 '' N 72 ° 52 ′ 39 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 39.343724 ° N 72.877536 ° E ﻿ / 39.343724 ; 72.877536 ﻿ ( Pik Lenin ) ) Trans - Alay Range Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Peak Korzhenevskaya 7,105 ( 39 ° 03 ′ 26 '' N 72 ° 00 ′ 35 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 39.057317 ° N 72.00983 ° E ﻿ / 39.057317 ; 72.00983 ﻿ ( Peak Korzhenevskaya ) ) Academy of Sciences Range Tajikistan Independence Peak ( also Qullai Istiqlol, formerly Revolution Peak, Dreispitz ) 6,940 ( 38 ° 30 ′ 36 '' N 72 ° 21 ′ 15 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.51 ° N 72.354167 ° E ﻿ / 38.51 ; 72.354167 ﻿ ( Independence Peak ) ) Yazgulem Range Tajikistan Russia Peak 6,875 ( 38 ° 53 ′ 46 '' N 72 ° 01 ′ 44 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.896 ° N 72.029 ° E ﻿ / 38.896 ; 72.029 ﻿ ( Russia Peak ) ) Academy of Sciences Range Tajikistan Moscow Peak 6,785 ( 38 ° 56 ′ 55 '' N 71 ° 50 ′ 04 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.948563 ° N 71.8344 ° E ﻿ / 38.948563 ; 71.8344 ﻿ ( Moscow Peak ) ) Peter I Range Tajikistan Karl Marx Peak 6,726 ( 37 ° 09 ′ 45 '' N 72 ° 28 ′ 54 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.1625 ° N 72.481667 ° E ﻿ / 37.1625 ; 72.481667 ﻿ ( Karl Marx Peak ) ) Shakhdara Range Tajikistan Gora Kurumdy 6,614 ( 39 ° 27 ′ 21 '' N 73 ° 34 ′ 01 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 39.455812 ° N 73.566978 ° E ﻿ / 39.455812 ; 73.566978 ﻿ ( Gora Kurumdy ) ) Trans - Alay Range Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Mount Garmo 6,595 ( 38 ° 48 ′ 39 '' N 72 ° 04 ′ 20 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.810955 ° N 72.072344 ° E ﻿ / 38.810955 ; 72.072344 ﻿ ( Mount Garmo ) ) Academy of Sciences Range Tajikistan Engels Peak 6,510 ( 37 ° 10 ′ 18 '' N 72 ° 31 ′ 22 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.171671 ° N 72.522898 ° E ﻿ / 37.171671 ; 72.522898 ﻿ ( Engels Peak ) ) Shakhdara Range Tajikistan Koh - e Pamir 6,320 ( 37 ° 09 ′ N 73 ° 13 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.15 ° N 73.21 ° E ﻿ / 37.15 ; 73.21 ﻿ ( Koh - e Pamir ) ) Wachan Range Afghanistan Peak of the Soviet Officers 6,233 ( 38 ° 25 ′ 26 '' N 73 ° 18 ′ 07 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 38.424 ° N 73.302 ° E ﻿ / 38.424 ; 73.302 ﻿ ( Peak of the Soviet Officers ) ) Muskol Range Tajikistan Mayakovskiy Peak 6,095 ( 37 ° 01 ′ 16 '' N 71 ° 42 ′ 54 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.021092 ° N 71.715138 ° E ﻿ / 37.021092 ; 71.715138 ﻿ ( Mayakovskiy Peak ) ) Shakhdara Range Tajikistan Patkhor Peak 6,083 ( 37 ° 53 ′ 21 '' N 72 ° 11 ′ 21 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.889167 ° N 72.189167 ° E ﻿ / 37.889167 ; 72.189167 ﻿ ( Patkhor Peak ) ) Ruschan Range Tajikistan Leipzig Peak 5725 ( 39 ° 20 ′ 53 '' N 72 ° 28 ′ 37 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 39.348 ° N 72.477 ° E ﻿ / 39.348 ; 72.477 ﻿ ( Leipzig Peak ) ) Trans - Alay Range Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Pik Skalisty 5707 ( 37 ° 36 ′ 02 '' N 72 ° 13 ′ 37 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.6005 ° N 72.227 ° E ﻿ / 37.6005 ; 72.227 ﻿ ( Skalisty Peak ) ) Schugnan Range Tajikistan Kysyldangi Peak 5704 ( 37 ° 24 ′ 02 '' N 72 ° 50 ′ 37 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 37.4006 ° N 72.8435 ° E ﻿ / 37.4006 ; 72.8435 ﻿ ( Kysyldangi Peak ) ) Southern Alitschur Range Tajikistan Remark : The summits of the Kongur and Muztagata Group are in some sources counted as part of the Kunlun, which would make Pik Ismoil Somoni the highest summit of the Pamir. Glaciers There are many glaciers in the Pamir Mountains, including the 77 km ( 48 mi ) long Fedchenko Glacier, the longest in the former USSR and the longest glacier outside the polar regions. Approximately 12,500 km2 ( ca. 10 % ) of the Pamirs are glaciated. Glaciers in the Southern Pamirs are retreating rapidly. Ten percent of annual runoff is supposed to origin from retreating glaciers in the Southern Pamirs. In the North - Western Pamirs, glaciers have almost stable mass balances. Climate Part of the Pamir Mountain range in springtime Covered in snow throughout the year, the Pamirs have long and bitterly cold winters, and short, cool summers. Annual precipitation is about 130 mm ( 5 in ), which supports grasslands but few trees. Paleoclimatology during the Ice Age The East - Pamir, in the centre of which the massifs of Mustagh Ata ( 7620 m ) and Kongur Tagh ( Qungur Shan, 7578, 7628 or 7830 m ) are situated, shows from the W - margin of the Tarim Basin an East - West extension of c. 200 km. Its North - South extension from King Ata Tagh up to the North - West Kunlun foothills amounts to c. 170 km. Whilst the up to 21 km long current valley glaciers are restricted to mountain massifs exceeding 5600 m in height, during the Last Glacial Period the glacier ice has covered the high plateau with its set - up highland relief, continuing west of Mustagh Ata and Kongur. From this glacier area an outlet glacier has flowed down to the north - east through the Gez valley up to c. 1850 m asl and thus as far as to the margin of the Tarim basin. This outlet glacier received inflow from the Kaiayayilak glacier from the Kongur - north - flank. From the north - adjacent Kara Bak Tor ( Chakragil, c. 6800 or 6694 m ) - massif the Oytag valley glacier in the same exposition flowed also down up to c. 1850 m asl. At glacial times the glacier snowline ( ELA ) as altitude limit between glacier nourishing area and ablation zone, was lowered about 820 to 1250 altitude metres against today. Under the condition of comparable proportions of precipitation there results from this a glacial depression of temperature of at least 5 to 7.5 ° C. Economy Coal is mined in the west, though sheep herding in upper meadowlands are the primary source of income for the region. Exploration This section is based on the book by R. Middleton and H. Thomas Expedition in 1982 to Tartu Ülikool 350 Peak, which was considered to be the highest unreached peak in the territory of former Soviet Union at the time The lapis lazuli found in Egyptian tombs is thought to come from the Pamir area in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. About 138 BC Zhang Qian reached the Fergana Valley northwest of the Pamirs. Ptolemy vaguely describes a trade route through the area. From about 600 AD, Buddhist pilgrims travelled on both sides of the Pamirs to reach India from China. In 747 a Tang army was on the Wakhan River. There are various Arab and Chinese reports. Marco Polo may have travelled along the Panj River. In 1602 Bento de Goes travelled from Kabul to Yarkand and left a meager report on the Pamirs. In 1838 Lieutenant John Wood reached the headwaters of the Pamir River. From about 1868 to 1880, a number of Indians in the British service secretly explored the Panj area. In 1873 the British and Russians agreed to an Afghan frontier along the Panj River. From 1871 to around 1893 several Russian military - scientific expeditions mapped out most of the Pamirs ( Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko, Nikolai Severtzov, Captain Putyata and others. Later came Nikolai Korzhenevskiy ). Several local groups asked for Russian protection from Afghan raiders. The Russians were followed by a number of non-Russians including Ney Elias, George Littledale, the Earl of Dunmore, Wilhelm Filchner and Lord Curzon who was probably the first to reach the Wakhan source of the Oxus River. In 1891 the Russians informed Francis Younghusband that he was on their territory and later escorted a Lieutenant Davidson out of the area ( ' Pamir Incident ' ). In 1892 a battalion of Russians under Mikhail Ionov entered the area and camped near the present Murghab. In 1893 they built a proper fort there ( Pamirskiy Post ). In 1895 their base was moved to Khorog facing the Afghans. In 1928 the last blank areas around the Fedchenko Glacier were mapped out by a German - Soviet expedition under Willi Rickmer Rickmers. Discoveries Pamir Mountains from a NASA satellite image, April 2012 In the early 1980s, a deposit of gemstone - quality clinohumite was discovered in the Pamir Mountains. It was the only such deposit known until the discovery of gem - quality material in the Taymyr region of Siberia, in 2000. Transport The Pamir Highway, the world 's second highest international road, runs from Dushanbe in Tajikistan to Osh in Kyrgyzstan through the Gorno - Badakhshan Autonomous Province, and is the isolated region 's main supply route. The Great Silk Road crossed a number of Pamir Mountain ranges. Tourism In December 2009, the New York Times featured articles on the possibilities for tourism in the Pamir area of Tajikistan. 2013 proved to be the most successful year ever for tourism in the region and tourism development continues to be the fastest growing economic sector. The META ( Murghab Ecotourism Association ) website ( www.meta.tj ) provides an excellent repository of tourism related resources for the Eastern Pamir region. Strategic position Ismoil Somoni Peak ( then known as Peak Communism ) taken in 1989 Climbers near `` Peak Communism '' in 1978 M41 highway Historically, the Pamir Mountains were considered a strategic trade route between Kashgar and Kokand on the Northern Silk Road and have been subject to numerous territorial conquests. The Northern Silk Road ( about 2,600 km ( 1,616 mi ) in length ) connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an over the Pamir Mountains towards the west to emerge in Kashgar before linking to ancient Parthia. In the 20th century, they have been the setting for Tajikistan Civil War, border disputes between China and Soviet Union, establishment of US, Russian, and Indian military bases, and renewed interest in trade development and resource exploration. China has since resolved most of those disputes with Central Asian countries. See also Mountains portal Geography portal Pamir National Park Pamir languages List of mountain ranges List of highest mountains Soviet Central Asia Central Asia Mount Imeon Ak - Baital Pass China -- Tajikistan border Kam Air Flight 904 -- crashed into Pamir Mountains ; the cause remains unknown References Jump up ^ According to the Big Soviet Encyclopedia `` The question of the natural boundaries of Pamir is debatable. Normally Pamir is regarded as covering the territory from Trans - Alay Range to the north, Sarykol Range to the east, Lake Zorkul, Pamir River, and the upper reaches of Panj River to the south, and the meridional section of the Panj valley to the west ; to the north - west Pamir includes the eastern parts of Peter the Great and Darvaz ranges. '' Jump up ^ N.O. Arnaud ; M. Brunel ; J.M. Cantagrel ; P. Tapponnier ( 1993 ). `` High cooling and denudation rates at Kongur Shan, Eastern Pamir ( Xinjiang, China ) ''. Tectonics Vol. 12 No. 3. American Geophysical Union Publications. pp. 1335 -- 1346. Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed. 1911 : PAMIRS, a mountainous region of central Asia... the Bam - i - dunya ( `` The Roof of the World '' ) ; The Columbia Encyclopedia, 1942 ed., p. 1335 : `` Pamir ( Persian = roof of the world ) '' ; The Pamirs, a region known to the locals as Pomir -- `` the roof of the world ''. Jump up ^ Social and Economic Change in the Pamirs, pp. 13 -- 14, by Frank Bliss, Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0 - 415 - 30806 - 2, ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 30806 - 9 : Pamir = a Persian compilation of pay - I - mehr, the `` roof of the world ''. Jump up ^ Li, Daoyuan ( in Chinese ). 水 經 注 ( Commentary on the Water Classic ). 2. Wikisource. `` 蔥 嶺 在 敦煌 西 八 千 里, 其 山高 大, 上 生 蔥, 故 曰 蔥 嶺 也. ( quoting from the 西河 舊事 ) The Onion Range is 8,000 Li west of Dunhuangin Uzbek Language `` Pamir Tog'i ''. Its mountains are high and onions grow on them, therefore it is called Onion Range. '' Jump up ^ `` The origin of the Chinese name `` Onion Range '' for Pamir ``. Depts.washington.edu. 2002 - 04 - 14. Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 10. ^ Jump up to : Robert Middleton and Huw Thomas, ' Tajikistan and the High Pamirs ', Odyssey Books, 2008 ^ Jump up to : Aga Khan Development Network ( 2010 ) : Wakhan and the Afghan Pamir p. 3 Archived 2011 - 01 - 23 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Tajikistan : 15 Years of Independence, statistical yearbook, Dushanbe, 2006, p. 8, in Russian. Jump up ^ Heights of mountains over 6,750 metres in accordance with : List lf all mountains of Asia with a height of over 6,750 metres. www.8000ers.com ( retrieved 6 April 2010 ) Jump up ^ In the Karakoram Mountains, Siachen Glacier is 76 km long, Biafo Glacier is 67 km long, and Baltoro is 63 km long. The Bruggen or Pio XI Glacier in southern Chile is 66 km long. Kyrgyzstan 's South Inylchek ( Enylchek ) Glacier is 60.5 km in length. Measurements are from recent imagery, generally with Russian 1 : 200,000 scale topographic mapping for reference as well as the 1990 Orographic Sketch Map : Karakoram : Sheets 1 and 2, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, Zurich. ^ Jump up to : Knoche, Malte ; Merz, Ralf ; Lindner, Martin ; Weise, Stephan M. ( 2017 - 06 - 13 ). `` Bridging Glaciological and Hydrological Trends in the Pamir Mountains, Central Asia ''. Water. 9 ( 6 ) : 422. doi : 10.3390 / w9060422. Jump up ^ Kuhle, M. ( 1997 ) : New findings concerning the Ice Age ( LGM ) glacier cover of the East Pamir, of the Nanga Parbat up to the Central Himalaya and of Tibet, as well as the Age of the Tibetan Inland Ice. Tibet and High Asia ( IV ). Results of Investigations into High Mountain Geomorphology. Paleo - Glaciology and Climatology of the Pleistocene. GeoJournal, 42, ( 2 -- 3 ), pp. 87 -- 257. Jump up ^ Kuhle, M. ( 2004 ) : The High Glacial ( Last Ice Age and LGM ) glacier cover in High - and Central Asia. Accompanying text to the mapwork in hand with detailed references to the literature of the underlying empirical investigations. Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. ( Eds. ). Extent and Chronology of Glaciations, Vol. 3 ( Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica ). Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V., pp. 175 -- 199. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Pamir Travel ''. Pamir Travel. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 03. Jump up ^ `` The Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 2015 - 01 - 08. Jump up ^ Isaacson, Andy ( 17 December 2009 ). `` Pamir Mountains, the Crossroads of History ''. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2014 - 08 - 11. Jump up ^ `` ' ' Silk Road, North China ' ', C. Michael Hogan, the Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham ''. Megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 10. Jump up ^ `` India 's ` Pamir Knot ' ''. The Hindu. 11 November 2003. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 03. Jump up ^ `` The West Is Red ''. Time. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 26. Jump up ^ `` Huge Market Potential at China - Pakistan Border ''. China Daily. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 26. Jump up ^ `` China 's Territorial and Boundary Affairs ''. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People 's Republic of China. 2003 - 06 - 30. Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 05. Further reading Curzon, George Nathaniel. 1896. The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus. Royal Geographical Society, London. Reprint : Elibron Classics Series, Adamant Media Corporation. 2005. ISBN 1 - 4021 - 5983 - 8 ( pbk ; ISBN 1 - 4021 - 3090 - 2 ( hbk ). Gordon, T.E. 1876. The Roof of the World : Being the Narrative of a Journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus sources on Pamir. Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. Reprint by Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company. Taipei. 1971. Toynbee, Arnold J. 1961. Between Oxus and Jumna. London. Oxford University Press. Wood, John, 1872. A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. With an essay on the Geography of the Valley of the Oxus by Colonel Henry Yule. London : John Murray. Horsman, S. 2002. Peaks, Politics and Purges : the First Ascent of Pik Stalin in Douglas, E. ( ed. ) Alpine Journal 2002 ( Volume 107 ), The Alpine Club & Ernest Press, London, pp 199 -- 206. Leitner, G.W. 1890. Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893 : Being an Account of the History, Religions, Customs, Legends, Fables and Songs of Gilgit, Chilas, Kandia ( Gabrial ) Yasin, Chitral, Hunza, Nagyr and other parts of the Hindukush. With a supplement to the second edition of The Hunza and Nagyr Handbook. And an Epitome of Part III of the author 's `` The Languages and Races of Dardistan ''. First Reprint 1978. Manjusri Publishing House, New Delhi. Strong, Anna Louise. 1930. The Road to the Grey Pamir. Robert M. McBride & Co., New York. Slesser, Malcolm `` Red Peak : A Personal Account of the British - Soviet Expedition '' Coward McCann 1964 Tilman, H.W. `` Two Mountains and a River '' part of `` The Severn Mountain Travel Books ''. Diadem, London. 1983 Waugh, Daniel C. 1999. `` The ' Mysterious and Terrible Karatash Gorges ' : Notes and Documents on the Explorations by Stein and Skrine. '' The Geographical Journal, Vol. 165, No. 3. ( Nov., 1999 ), pp. 306 -- 320. The Pamirs. 1 : 500.000 -- A tourist map of Gorno - Badkshan - Tajikistan and background information on the region. Verlag `` Gecko - Maps ``, Switzerland 2004 ( ISBN 3 - 906593 - 35 - 5 ) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pamir Mountains. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pamirs. Photos of the Tajik Pamirs, with emphasis on Wakhan area Information and photos Pamirs Tourism Association in Khorog ( Tajikistan ) Kashgar Pamir Youth Hostel in Kashgar ( China ) Afghan 's Little Pamir - photos of the life of ethnic Kyrgyz Juldu.com - photos and online guide to trekking in the Wakhan and Afghan Pamir Mountain ranges of China Geography of China Northwest China Altai Mountains Dzungarian Alatau Tian Shan Borohoro Mountains Tarbagatai Mountains Kunlun Mountains Altyn - Tagh Qilian Mountains Helan Mountains Qinghai - Tibet and Southwest China Himalayas Transhimalaya Pamir Mountains Karakoram Argu Tagh Yengisogat Kunlun Mountains Hoh Xil Bayan Har Mountains Amne Machin Tanggula Mountains Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Hengduan Mountains Gaoligong Mountains Yunling Mountains Ailao Mountains Qionglai Mountains Daxue Mountains Min Mountains Northeast China Greater Khingan Lesser Khingan Changbai Mountains Wanda Mountains Qian Mountains Northern China Yin Mountains Lang Mountains Lüliang Mountains Taihang Mountains Zhongtiao Mountains Qinling Dabie Mountains Mount Tai Central China Daba Mountains Wudang Mountains Jingshan Mountains Dabie Mountains Luoxiao Mountains Jiuling Mountains Mufu Mountains Wugong Mountains Huangshan Tianmu Mountain Wuling Mountains Xuefeng Mountains Yandang Mountains Wuyi Mountains Southern China Cang Mountain Daliang Mountains Dalou Mountains Nanling Mountains Jiuyi Mountains Yuecheng Mountains Longmen Mountains Western Mountains Landforms of China Xinjiang topics Ürümqi ( capital ) History Yuezhi Xiongnu Han dynasty Protectorate of the Western Regions Kingdom of Khotan Sixteen Kingdoms Gaochang Turkic Khaganate ( Western ) Tang dynasty Protectorate General to Pacify the West Four Garrisons of Anxi Tibetan Empire Uyghur Khaganate Kingdom of Qocho Kara - Khanid Khanate Islamicisation and Turkicisation of Xinjiang Qara Khitai Mongol Empire Yuan dynasty Chagatai Khanate Moghulistan Kara Del Yarkent Khanate Dzungar Khanate Dzungar conquest of Altishahr Dzungar -- Qing War Dzungar genocide Kumul Khanate Qing dynasty Qing rule General of Ili Reconquest of Xinjiang Republic of China Xinjiang Wars Ili Rebellion People 's Republic of China PRC incorporation Geography Cities Tian Shan Dzungarian Basin Tarim Basin Gurbantünggüt Desert Kumtag Desert Taklimakan Desert Turpan Depression Karakoram Mountains Altai Mountains Kunlun Shan Pamir Mountains Torugart Pass Irkeshtam Pass Karakoram Pass Lanzhou -- Xinjiang Railway Education Xinjiang University Xinjiang Agricultural University Xinjiang Medical University Culture Doppa Festival Music Meshrep gathering Muqam Cuisine Dapanji Sangza Samsa Youtazi Pamirdin Xurpa Tohax Tunurkawab Chinese Islamic cuisine Visitor attractions Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb Flaming Mountains Jiaohe Ruins Gaochang Grand Bazaar, Ürümqi Id Kah Mosque Karakul Lake Kizil Caves Ruins of Niya Xinjiang conflict 1989 Ürümqi unrest Baren Township riot 1992 Ürümqi bombings Ghulja incident 1992 Ürümqi bombings 1997 Ürümqi bus bombings Xinjiang raid 2008 Uyghur unrest 2008 Kashgar attack Shaoguan incident July 2009 Ürümqi riots September 2009 Xinjiang unrest 2010 Aksu bombing 2011 Hotan attack 2011 Kashgar attacks Pishan hostage crisis 2012 Yecheng attack Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554 April 2013 Bachu unrest June 2013 Shanshan riots 2013 Tiananmen Square attack 2014 Kunming attack 2014 China -- Vietnam border shootout April 2014 Ürümqi attack May 2014 Ürümqi attack Assassination of Juma Tayir People Amursana Mingrui Jahangir Khoja Yaqub Beg Zuo Zongtang Yang Zengxin Jin Shuren Sheng Shicai Ehmetjan Qasim Wang Zhen Saifuddin Azizi Rebiya Kadeer Nur Bekri Li Zhi Wang Lequan Zhang Chunxian Ilham Tohti Related Uyghur people Migration to Xinjiang East Turkestan Independence movement World Uyghur Congress China -- Kazakhstan relations China -- Kyrgyzstan relations China -- Pakistan relations China -- Turkey relations Commons VIAF : 242535951 GND : 4044435 - 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Question: the pamir knot is on the border of afghanistan and
Answer: Tajikistan