Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - wikipedia Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Bosnia and Herzegovina Constitution Dayton Agreement Peace Implementation Council High Representative : V. Inzko Presidency Bosniak member Bakir Izetbegović Croat member Dragan Čović ( Chairman ) Serb member Mladen Ivanić Parliament Executive Parliament House of Peoples House of Representatives Council of Ministers Chairman : Denis Zvizdić Recent elections General : 2006 2014 2018 Political parties Foreign relations EU accession NATO accession Political divisions Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina President ( list ) : Marinko Čavara Government Prime Minister : Fadil Novalić Parliament House of Representatives House of Peoples Cantons Republika Srpska President ( list ) : Milorad Dodik Government Prime Minister : Željka Cvijanović National Assembly Speaker : Nedeljko Čubrilović Brčko District International Supervisor : B. Berton ( Suspended ) Mayor : Siniša Milić Other countries Atlas Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Legislative power is vested in both the Council of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Members of the Parliamentary Assembly are chosen according to a proportional representation system. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The system of government established by the Dayton Accord is an example of consociationalism, as representation is by elites who represent the country 's three major ethnic groups termed constituent peoples, with each having a guaranteed share of power. Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided into two Entities -- the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, which are politically autonomous to an extent, as well as the district of Brčko, which is jointly administered by both. The Entities have their own constitutions. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Bosnia and Herzegovina as `` hybrid regime '' in 2016. See Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina Contents 1 Dayton Agreement 2 High Representative 3 Executive branch 3.1 Principal Government Officials 3.2 History 4 Legislative branch 4.1 House of Peoples 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Political parties and elections 5.1 House of Representatives 5.2 Election history 6 Judicial branch 6.1 Constitutional Court 6.2 State Court 6.3 Human Rights Chamber 6.4 Entities 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External links Dayton Agreement Due to the Dayton Agreement, signed on 14 December 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina forms an undeclared protectorate with elements of hegemony by neighboring Croatia and Serbia as co-signatories to the Agreement, where highest power is given to the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The intention of the Agreement was to retain Bosnia 's exterior border, while creating a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government based on proportional representation similar to the former socialist régime, and charged with conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. The Dayton Agreement established the Office of the High Representative ( OHR ) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. About 250 international and 450 local staff members are employed by the OHR. High Representative This section is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor 's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. ( December 2014 ) Main article : High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina The highest political authority in the country is the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the chief executive officer for the international civilian presence in the country. Since 1995, the High Representative has been able to bypass the elected Parliamentary Assembly or to remove officials from office without due process. The methods selected by the High Representative are often seen as dictatorship. Even the symbols of Bosnian statehood ( flag, coat of arms ) have been chosen by the High Representative rather than by the Bosnian people. The source of the authority of the High Representative is in international law while his role is essentially contractual. His mandate derives from the Dayton Agreement, as confirmed by the Peace Implementation Council, a body with a Steering Board composed of representatives of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the presidency of the European Union, the European Commission, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Executive branch The Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina rotates amongst three members ( a Bosniak, a Serb, and a Croat ) every 8 months within their 4 - year term. The three members of the Presidency are elected directly by the people, with Federation voters electing both the Bosniak and the Croat member, and Republika Srpska voters electing the Serb member. The Presidency serves as a collective head of state. The Presidency is mainly responsible for the foreign policy and proposing the budget. The Prime Minister, formally titled Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is nominated by the Presidency and approved by the House of Representatives. He appoints the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Foreign Trade and other ministers as may be appropriate ( no more than two thirds of the ministers may be appointed from the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ), who assume the office upon the approval by the House of Representatives ; also, the Chair appoints deputy ministers ( who may not be from the same constituent people as their ministers ), who assume the office upon the approval by the House of Representatives. The Council is responsible for carrying out policies and decisions in the fields of diplomacy, economy, inter-entity relations and other matters as agreed by the entities. The two Entities have Governments that deal with internal matters not dealt with by the Council of Ministers. Principal Government Officials History Past international high representatives : Carl Bildt, Carlos Westendorp, Wolfgang Petritsch, Paddy Ashdown, Christian Schwarz - Schilling, Miroslav Lajčák. Members of the Presidency who stepped down under pressure from the Office of the High Representative : Mirko Šarović, Ante Jelavić, Dragan Čović. Alija Izetbegović also withdrew from the Presidency. In February 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that the structure of the Council of Ministers was unconstitutional ; a new structure is being negotiated. Federation president and vice-president in 1999 : Ejup Ganić and Ivo Andrić - Lužanski. Past RS presidents : Radovan Karadžić, Biljana Plavšić, Nikola Poplašen, Mirko Šarović, Dragan Čavić, Milan Jelić. RS president Nikola Poplašen was removed by the OHR on 5 March 1999. Legislative branch The Parliamentary Assembly or Parliamentarna skupština is the main legislative body in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of two chambers : the House of Peoples or Dom naroda the National House of Representatives or Predstavnički dom / Zastupnički dom The Parliamentary Assembly is responsible for : enacting legislation as necessary to implement decisions of the Presidency or to carry out the responsibilities of the Assembly under the Constitution. deciding upon the sources and amounts of revenues for the operations of the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and international obligations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. approving the budget for the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. deciding ratify treaties and agreements. other matters as are necessary to carry out its duties of as are assigned to it by mutual agreement of the Entities. Bosnia and Herzegovina did not have a permanent election law until 2001, during which time a draft law specified four - year terms for the state and first - order administrative division entity legislatures. The final election law was passed and publicized on 9 September 2001. House of Peoples The House of Peoples includes 15 delegates who serve two - year terms. Two - thirds of delegates come from the Federation ( 5 Croats and 5 Bosniaks ) and one - third from the Republika Srpska ( 5 Serbs ). Nine constitutes a quorum in the House of Peoples, provided that at least three delegates from each group are present. Federation representatives are selected by the House of Peoples of the Federation, which has 58 seats ( 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 others ), and whose members are delegated by cantonal assemblies to serve four - year terms. Republika Srpska representatives are selected by the 28 - member Republika Srpska Council of Peoples, which was established in the People 's Assembly of Republika Srpska ; each constituent people has eight delegates, while four delegates are representatives of `` others ''. House of Representatives The House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises 42 members elected under a system of proportional representation ( PR ) for a four - year term. Two thirds of the members are elected from the Federation ( 14 Croats ; 14 Bosniaks ) and one third from the Republika Srpska ( 14 Serbs ). For the 2010 elections, Voters in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina elected twenty - one members in five multi-member constituencies by PR, while the remaining seven seats were allocated by compensatory PR. Voters in the Republika Srpska elected nine members in three multi-member constituencies by PR, while the five other seats were allocated by compensatory PR. Political parties and elections For other political parties, see List of political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main office holders Office Name Party Since Candidate Party Votes % Bosniak member Bakir Izetbegović Party of Democratic Action ( SDA ) 247,235 32.87 Fahrudin Radončić Union for a Better Future of BiH 201,454 26.78 Emir Suljagić Democratic Front 114,334 15.20 Bakir Hadžiomerović Social Democratic Party 75,369 10.02 Sefer Halilović Bosnian - Herzegovinian Patriotic Party - Sefer Halilović 66,230 8.80 Mustafa Cerić Independent 33,882 4.50 Džebrail Bajramović Diaspora Party 5,041 0.67 Mirsad Kebo Independent 3,893 0.52 Halil Tuzlić Independent 3,162 0.42 Adil Žigić Independent 1,637 0.22 Croat member Dragan Čović Croatian Democratic Union 128,053 52.20 Martin Raguž Croatian Democratic Union 1990 94,695 38.61 Živko Budimir Party of Justice and Trust 15,368 6.27 Anto Popović Democratic Front 7,179 2.93 Serb member Mladen Ivanić PDP -- SDS 318,196 48.71 Željka Cvijanović SNSD -- DNS -- SP 310,658 47.56 Goran Zmijanjac Fair Policy Party 24,334 3.73 Invalid / blank votes 137,473 -- Total 1,788,193 100 Registered voters / turnout Source : CEC House of Representatives Party Federation Republika Srpska Total Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats + / -- Party of Democratic Action 274,057 27.87 9 31,658 4.88 305,715 18.74 10 + 3 Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 5,842 0.59 0 249,314 38.46 6 255,156 15.64 6 -- 2 Serb Democratic Party -- -- -- 211,603 32.64 5 211,603 12.97 5 + 1 Democratic Front 150,767 15.33 5 -- -- -- 150,767 9.24 5 New Union for a Better Future of BiH 142,003 14.44 -- -- -- 142,003 8.70 0 HDZ -- HSS -- HKDU -- HSP - AS BiH -- HSP HB 119,468 12.15 3,555 0.55 -- 123,023 7.54 -- Social Democratic Party 92,906 9.45 15,736 2.43 -- 108,642 6.66 -- 5 PDP -- NDP 194 0.02 0 50,338 7.76 50,532 3.10 0 Croatian Democratic Union 1990 40,113 4.08 -- -- -- 40,113 2.46 -- Bosnian - Herzegovinian Patriotic Party - Sefer Halilović 35,866 3.65 2,452 0.38 0 38,318 2.35 + 1 Democratic People 's Alliance -- -- -- 37,072 5.72 37,072 2.27 0 Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina 25,677 2.61 0 -- -- -- 25,677 1.57 0 -- 2 Party of Democratic Activity 22,088 2.25 -- -- -- 22,088 1.35 New Socialist Party -- -- -- 18,732 2.89 0 18,732 1.15 0 0 SPP -- SDU -- DNZ 12,885 1.31 0 3,429 0.53 0 16,314 1.00 0 -- 1 People 's Party for Work and Betterment 12,927 1.31 0 -- -- -- 12,927 0.79 0 -- 1 Serbian Progressive Party -- -- -- 11,421 1.76 0 11,421 0.70 0 0 Our Party 10,913 1.11 0 -- -- -- 10,913 0.67 0 0 Party of Justice and Trust -- -- -- 9,763 1.51 0 9,763 0.60 0 New Bosnian Party 7,518 0.76 0 -- -- -- 7,518 0.46 0 0 Social Democratic Union 5,881 0.6 0 853 0.13 0 6,734 0.41 0 0 Labour Party 5,731 0.58 0 -- -- -- 5,731 0.35 0 New HSP -- DSI 5,475 0.56 0 -- -- -- 5,475 0.34 0 -- Communist Party 3,075 0.31 0 1,976 0.30 0 5,051 0.31 0 New HKDU 4,718 0.48 0 -- -- -- 4,718 0.29 0 New Diaspora Party 3,371 0.34 0 -- -- -- 3,371 0.21 0 New New Movement 1,830 0.19 0 -- -- -- 1,830 0.11 0 New Tomo Vukić -- -- -- 397 0.06 0 397 0.02 0 New Invalid / blank votes 97,720 -- -- 58,857 -- -- 156,577 -- -- -- Total 1,081,025 100 28 701,156 100 14 1,782,181 100 42 -- Registered voters / turnout -- -- -- -- Source : CEC Election history National House of Representatives : elections held 12 -- 13 September 1998 : seats by party / coalition -- KCD 17, HDZ - BiH 6, SDP - BiH 6, Sloga 4, SDS 4, SRS - RS 2, DNZ 1, NHI 1, RSRS 1 elections held 5 October 2002 : percent of vote by party / coalition - SDA 21.9 %, SDS 14.0 %, SBiH 10.5 %, SDP 10.4 %, SNSD 9.8 %, HDZ 9.5 %, PDP 4.6 %, others 19.3 % seats by party / coalition -- SDA 10, SDS 5, SBiH 6, SDP 4, SNSD 3, HDZ 5, PDP 2, others 7 House of Peoples : constituted 4 December 1998 constituted in fall 2000 constituted in January 2003 next to be constituted in 2007 Federation House of Representatives : elections held fall 1998 : seats by party / coalition -- KCD 68, HDZ - BiH 28, SDP - BiH 25, NHI 4, DNZ 3, DSP 2, BPS 2, HSP 2, SPRS 2, BSP 1, KC 1, BOSS 1, HSS 1 elections held 5 October 2002 : seats by party / coalition -- SDA 32, HDZ - BiH 16, SDP 15, SBiH 15, other 20 Federation House of Peoples : constituted November 1998 constituted December 2002 Republika Srpska National Assembly : elections held fall 1998 seats by party / coalition -- SDS 19, KCD 15, SNS 12, SRS - RS 11, SPRS 10, SNSD 6, RSRS 3, SKRS 2, SDP 2, KKO 1, HDZ - BiH 1, NHI 1 elections held fall 2000 elections held 5 October 2002 seats by party / coalition -- SDS 26, SNSD 19, PDP 9, SDA 6, SRS 4, SPRS 3, DNZ 3, SBiH 4, SDP 3, others 6 Judicial branch Constitutional Court The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina is supposedly the supreme, final arbiter of legal matters, however its decisions are largely ignored. The court is composed of nine members : four selected by the House of Representatives of the Federation, two by the People 's Assembly of Republika Srpska, and three are foreign citizens appointed by the President of the European Court of Human Rights after courtesy - consultation with the Presidency. The initial term of appointee is 5 years, unless they resign or are removed by consensus of other judges. Appointed judges are not eligible for reappointment. Judges subsequently appointed will serve until the age of 70, unless they resign sooner or are removed. Appointments made 5 years into the initial appointments may be governed by a different regulation for selection, to be determined by the Parliamentary Assembly. Proceedings of the Court are public, and decisions are published. Court rules are adopted by a majority in the Court. Court decisions are final and supposedly binding though this is not always the case, as noted. The Constitutional Court has jurisdiction over deciding in constitutional disputes that arise between the Entities or amongst Bosnia and Herzegovina and an Entity or Entities. Such disputes may be referred only by a member of the Presidency, the Chair of the Council of Ministers, the Chair or Deputy Chair of either of the chambers of the Parliamentary Assembly, or by one - fourth of the legislature of either Entity. The Court also has appellate jurisdiction within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. State Court The State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of three divisions -- Administrative, Appellate and Criminal -- having jurisdiction over cases related to the state - level law and executive, as well as appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities. A War Crimes Chamber was introduced in January 2005, and has adopted two cases transferred from the ICTY, as well as dozens of war crimes cases originally initiated in cantonal courts. The State Court also deals with organized crime, and economic crime including corruption cases. For example, the former and 2014 member - elect of the Presidency Dragan Čović is currently on trial for alleged involvement in organized crime. Human Rights Chamber The Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Dom za ljudska prava za Bosnu i Hercegovinu ) existed between March 1996 and 31 December 2003. It was a judicial body established under the Annex 6 to the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Dayton Peace Agreement ). Entities The two Entities have Supreme Courts. Each entity also has a number of lower courts. There are 10 cantonal courts in the Federation, along with a number of municipal courts. The Republika Srpska has five municipal courts. See also Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina Notes Jump up ^ solutions, EIU digital. `` Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit ''. www.eiu.com. Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 01. Jump up ^ `` At a glance : Bosnia and Herzegovina : Political Parties '' ( PDF ). www.europal.europa.eu. September 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2017. Jump up ^ Bosnia and Herzegovina General Elections 3 October 2010, OSCE / ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report, 17 December 2010, accessed 3 October 2012 ( pdf file ). ^ Jump up to : Postoje 82 odluke Ustavnog suda koje još nisu provedene, Večernji list 3.1. 2014 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Office of the High Representative Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina Government of the Republic of Srpska Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia : a single country or an apple of discord ?, Bosnian Institute, 12 May 2006 Bertelsmann Stiftung -- Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Report Balkaninsight -- The future of Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina topics History Illyricum Bosnian Kingdom Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina Kingdom of Yugoslavia World War II Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian War Bosnia and Herzegovina Geography Cities Mountains Extreme points Rivers Lakes Climate Protected areas Fauna Governance Administrative divisions Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska Constitution Parliament Politics Presidency Chairman Council of Ministers Chairman Elections Political parties Foreign relations Government Law enforcement Armed Forces Economy Currency Central Bank Communications Tourism Transport Society Bosnians ( Bosniaks, Croats, Serbs ) Demographics Ethnic groups Religion Languages Education Human rights LGBT rights LGBT history Culture Architecture National monuments Art Cinema Music Cuisine ( Ćevapi ) Bosnian language Literature Public holidays Radio Television Symbols National Flag Coat of arms Anthem Decorations and medals Politics of Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Other entities European Union Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&oldid=813023174 '' Categories : Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing style editing from December 2014 All articles needing style editing All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Български Bosanski Čeština Español Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Norsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 December 2017, at 07 : 56. 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Question: what type of government does bosnia and herzegovina have
Answer: parliamentary representative democracy