Android version History - wikipedia Android version History The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of the Android beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. Android is continually developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, and it has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release. Versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names, although Android 1.1 was unofficially known as Petit Four. Android code names are confectionery - themed and have been in alphabetical order since 2009 's Android 1.5 Cupcake, with the most recent major version being Android 9.0 Pie, released in August 2018. Global Android version distribution since December 2009, as of July 2018. Android Marshmallow v. 6.0 ( the oldest supported version ) is running on 23.5 % of all Android devices accessing Google Play while Android Nougat ( v. 7.0 & 7.1 ) is running on 30.8 %, and all supported including the newest Oreo versions, run on 66.4 % of devices combined. Code name Version number Linux kernel version Initial release date API level ( No codename ) Old version, no longer supported : 1.0 ? September 23, 2008 Petit Four Old version, no longer supported : 1.1 2.6. X February 9, 2009 Cupcake Old version, no longer supported : 1.5 2.6. 27 April 27, 2009 Donut Old version, no longer supported : 1.6 2.6. 29 September 15, 2009 Eclair Old version, no longer supported : 2.0 -- 2.1 2.6. 29 October 26, 2009 5 -- 7 Froyo Old version, no longer supported : 2.2 -- 2.2. 3 2.6. 32 May 20, 2010 8 Gingerbread Old version, no longer supported : 2.3 -- 2.3. 7 2.6. 35 December 6, 2010 9 -- 10 Honeycomb Old version, no longer supported : 3.0 -- 3.2. 6 2.6. 36 February 22, 2011 11 -- 13 Ice Cream Sandwich Old version, no longer supported : 4.0 -- 4.0. 4 3.0. 1 October 18, 2011 14 -- 15 Jelly Bean Old version, no longer supported : 4.1 -- 4.3. 1 3.0. 31 to 3.4. 39 July 9, 2012 16 -- 18 KitKat Old version, no longer supported : 4.4 -- 4.4. 4 3.10 October 31, 2013 19 -- 20 Lollipop Old version, no longer supported : 5.0 -- 5.1. 1 3.16. 1 November 12, 2014 21 -- 22 Marshmallow Older version, yet still supported : 6.0 -- 6.0. 1 3.18. 10 October 5, 2015 23 Nougat Older version, yet still supported : 7.0 -- 7.1. 2 4.4. 1 August 22, 2016 24 -- 25 Oreo Older version, yet still supported : 8.0 -- 8.1 4.10 August 21, 2017 26 -- 27 Pie Current stable version : 9.0 4.4. 107, 4.9. 84, and 4.14. 42 August 6, 2018 28 Legend : Old version Older version, still supported Latest version Latest preview version Future release Contents 1 Pre-commercial release versions 1.1 Alpha 1.2 Beta 2 Version history by API level 2.1 Android 1.0 ( API 1 ) 2.2 Android 1.1 ( API 2 ) 2.3 Android 1.5 Cupcake ( API 3 ) 2.4 Android 1.6 Donut ( API 4 ) 2.5 Android 2.0 Eclair ( API 5 ) 2.5. 1 Android 2.0. 1 Eclair ( API 6 ) 2.5. 2 Android 2.1 Eclair ( API 7 ) 2.6 Android 2.2 Froyo ( API 8 ) 2.7 Android 2.3 Gingerbread ( API 9 ) 2.7. 1 Android 2.3. 3 Gingerbread ( API 10 ) 2.8 Android 3.0 Honeycomb ( API 11 ) 2.8. 1 Android 3.1 Honeycomb ( API 12 ) 2.8. 2 Android 3.2 Honeycomb ( API 13 ) 2.9 Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 14 ) 2.9. 1 Android 4.0. 3 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 15 ) 2.10 Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ( API 16 ) 2.10. 1 Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ( API 17 ) 2.10. 2 Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ( API 18 ) 2.11 Android 4.4 KitKat ( API 19 ) 2.11. 1 Android 4.4 W KitKat, with wearable extensions ( API 20 ) 2.12 Android 5.0 Lollipop ( API 21 ) 2.12. 1 Android 5.1 Lollipop ( API 22 ) 2.13 Android 6.0 Marshmallow ( API 23 ) 2.14 Android 7.0 Nougat ( API 24 ) 2.14. 1 Android 7.1 Nougat ( API 25 ) 2.15 Android 8.0 Oreo ( API 26 ) 2.15. 1 Android 8.1 Oreo ( API 27 ) 2.16 Android 9.0 Pie ( API 28 ) 3 Hardware requirements 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Pre-commercial release versions The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005. Alpha There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was released. To avoid confusion, the code names `` Astro Boy '' and `` Bender '' were only known to be tagged internally on some early pre-1.0 milestone builds, and thus were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 release of the OS, as many people are mistakenly calling and repeating on the web. Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current Android logo was designed by Irina Blok. The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived the confectionery - themed naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Beta The beta was released on November 5, 2007, while the software development kit ( SDK ) was released on November 12, 2007. The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as Android 's `` birthday ''. Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order : November 12, 2007 : m3 - rc20a ( milestone 3, release code 20a ) November 16, 2007 : m3 - rc22a ( milestone 3, release code 22a ) December 14, 2007 : m3 - rc37a ( milestone 3, release code 37a ) February 13, 2008 : m5 - rc14 ( milestone 5, release code 14 ) March 3, 2008 : m5 - rc15 ( milestone 5, release code 15 ) August 18, 2008 : 0.9 Beta September 23, 2008 : 1.0 - r1 Version History by API level The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface ( API ) levels. hide Android 10 ( API 1 ) Android 1.0 ( API 1 ) Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008. The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream. Android 1.0 incorporated the following features : Version Release date Features 1.0 September 23, 2008 Android Market allowed application downloads and updates through the Market application Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages -- multiple pages show as windows ( `` cards '' ) Camera support -- however, this version lacked the option to change the camera 's resolution, white balance, quality, etc. Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application Google Contacts synchronization with the People application Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local business and obtain driving directions using GPS Google Sync, allowing management of over-the - air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc. Google Talk instant messaging Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files -- however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets YouTube video player Other applications include : Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer ( Phone ), Home screen ( Launcher ), Pictures ( Gallery ), and Settings Wi - Fi and Bluetooth support hide Android 1.1 ( API 2 ) Android 1.1 ( API 2 ) On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as `` Petit Four '' internally, though this name was not used officially. The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features : Version Release date Features 1.1 February 9, 2009 Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps Longer in - call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show / hide dialpad Ability to save attachments in messages Support added for marquee in system layouts hide Android 1.5 Cupcake ( API 3 ) Android 1.5 Cupcake ( API 3 ) On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 27. This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ( `` Cupcake '' ), a theme which would be used for all releases henceforth. The update included several new features and UI amendments : Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 1.5 April 27, 2009 Support for third - party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words Support for Widgets -- miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications ( such as the Home screen ) and receive periodic updates Video recording and playback in MPEG - 4 and 3GP formats Auto - pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth ( A2DP and AVRCP profiles ) Copy and paste features in web browser User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts Specific date / time stamp shown for events in call log, and one - touch access to a contact card from call log event Animated screen transitions Auto - rotation option New stock boot animation Ability to upload videos to YouTube Ability to upload photos to Picasa Android 1.5 home screen hide Android 1.6 Donut ( API 4 ) Android 1.6 Donut ( API 4 ) On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 -- dubbed Donut -- was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 29. Included in the update were numerous new features : Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 1.6 September 15, 2009 Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web Ability for developers to include their content in search results Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to `` speak '' a string of text Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market Gallery, camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion Updated technology support for CDMA / EVDO, 802.1 x, VPNs, and a text - to - speech engine Support for WVGA screen resolutions Speed improvements in searching and camera applications Expanded Gesture framework and new GestureBuilder development tool Android 1.6 home screen hide Android 20 Eclair ( API 5 ) Android 2.0 Eclair ( API 5 ) On October 26, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 29 and codenamed Eclair. Changes include the ones listed below. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.0 October 26, 2009 Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of email and contacts Microsoft Exchange email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page Bluetooth 2.1 support Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double - tap zoom and support for HTML5 Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and ability to invite new guests to events Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio Improved Google Maps 3.1. 2 MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home - screen background images to show movement Android 2.0 home screen hide Android 2.0. 1 Eclair ( API 6 ) Android 2.0. 1 Eclair ( API 6 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.0. 1 December 3, 2009 Minor API changes, bugfixes and framework behavioral changes Android 2.0 home screen hide Android 2.1 Eclair ( API 7 ) Android 2.1 Eclair ( API 7 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.1 January 12, 2010 Minor amendments to the API and bugfixes Android 2.1 home screen hide Android 22 Froyo ( API 8 ) Android 2.2 Froyo ( API 8 ) On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 ( Froyo, short for frozen yogurt ) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 32. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.2 May 20, 2010 Speed, memory, and performance optimizations Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation Integration of Chrome 's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging ( C2DM ) service, enabling push notifications Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto - discovery, GAL look - up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications USB tethering and Wi - Fi hotspot functionality Option to disable data access over mobile network Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries Support for Bluetooth - enabled car and desk docks Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords Support for file upload fields in the Browser application The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only Support for installing applications to the expandable memory Adobe Flash support Support for high - PPI displays ( up to 320 ppi ), such as four - inch 720p screens Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture Android 2.2 home screen 2.2. 1 January 18, 2011 Bugfixes, security updates and performance improvements 2.2. 2 January 22, 2011 Minor bugfixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the Nexus One 2.2. 3 November 21, 2011 Two security updates hide Android 23 Gingerbread ( API 9 ) Android 2.3 Gingerbread ( API 9 ) On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 ( Gingerbread ) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 35. Changes included : Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.3 December 6, 2010 Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ( WXGA and higher ) Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode Enhanced copy / paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press - hold, copy, and paste Support for Near Field Communication ( NFC ), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front - facing camera, if available Support for WebM / VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding Improved power management with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long Enhanced support for native code development Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance Native support for more sensors ( such as gyroscopes and barometers ) First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background. Android 2.3 home screen 2.3. 1 December 2010 Improvements and bugfixes for the Nexus S 2.3. 2 January 2011 Improvements and bugfixes for the Nexus S hide Android 23 3 Gingerbread ( API 10 ) Android 2.3. 3 Gingerbread ( API 10 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 2.3. 3 February 9, 2011 Several improvements and API fixes Android 2.3 home screen 2.3. 4 April 28, 2011 Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 ( Honeycomb ) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3. 4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256 - SHA to RC4 - MD5. 2.3. 5 July 25, 2011 Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements Fixed Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S Improved Gmail application Shadow animations for list scrolling Camera software enhancements Improved battery efficiency 2.3. 6 September 2, 2011 Fixed a voice search bug 2.3. 7 September 21, 2011 Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G hide Android 30 Honeycomb ( API 11 ) Android 3.0 Honeycomb ( API 11 ) On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 ( Honeycomb ) SDK -- the first tablet - only Android update -- was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6. 36. The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011. The update 's features included : Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 3.0 February 22, 2011 Optimized tablet support with a new `` holographic '' user interface ( removed again the following year with version 4.2 ) New easter egg, an image of a Tron - themed bumblebee Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen Simplified multitasking -- tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes Simplified, more intuitive copy / paste interface Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto - fill and a new `` incognito '' mode allowing anonymous browsing Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front - facing camera, time - lapse, and other camera features Ability to view albums and other collections in full - screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos New two - pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts New two - pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages Hardware acceleration Support for multi-core processors Ability to encrypt all user data HTTPS stack improved with Server Name Indication ( SNI ) Filesystem in Userspace ( FUSE ; kernel module ) Disallows applications from having write access to secondary storage ( memory cards on devices with internal primary storage ) outside of designated, application - specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application - level permission. Android 3.0 home screen hide Android 31 Honeycomb ( API 12 ) Android 3.1 Honeycomb ( API 12 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 3.1 May 10, 2011 UI refinements Connectivity for USB accessories ( USB On - The - Go ). Expanded Recent Applications list Resizable Home screen widgets Support for external keyboards and pointing devices Support for joysticks and gamepads Support for FLAC audio playback High - performance Wi - Fi lock, maintaining high - performance Wi - Fi connections when device screen is off Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi - Fi access point Android 3.1 home screen hide Android 3.2 Honeycomb ( API 13 ) Android 3.2 Honeycomb ( API 13 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 3.2 July 15, 2011 Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices Android 3.2 home screen 3.2. 1 September 20, 2011 Bugfixes and minor security, stability and Wi - Fi improvements Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier - to - read Terms and Conditions text Update to Google Books Improved Adobe Flash support in browser Improved Chinese handwriting prediction 3.2. 2 August 30, 2011 Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G 3.2. 3 August 30, 2011 Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G 3.2. 4 December 2011 Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets 3.2. 5 January 2012 Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G 3.2. 6 February 2012 Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom hide Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 14 ) Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 14 ) The SDK for Android 4.0. 1 ( Ice Cream Sandwich ), based on Linux kernel 3.0. 1, was publicly released on October 19, 2011. Google 's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was `` theoretically compatible '' with any Android 2.3. x device in production at that time. The source code for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011. Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems ' Flash player. The update introduced numerous new features : Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 4.0 October 18, 2011 Major refinements to the `` Holo '' interface with new Roboto font family Soft buttons from Android 3. x are now available for use on phones Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications Easier - to - create folders, with a drag - and - drop style Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages Pinch - to - zoom functionality in the calendar Integrated screenshot capture ( accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume - Down buttons ) Improved error correction on the keyboard Ability to access applications directly from lock screen Improved copy and paste functionality Better voice integration and continuous, real - time speech to text dictation Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software Automatic syncing of browser with users ' Chrome bookmarks Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording Built - in photo editor New gallery layout, organized by location and person Refreshed `` People '' application with social network integration, status updates and hi - res images Android Beam, a near - field communication feature allowing the rapid short - range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data Support for the WebP image format Hardware acceleration of the UI Wi - Fi Direct 1080p video recording for stock Android devices Android VPN Framework ( AVF ), and TUN ( but not TAP ) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required rooted Android. Android 4.0 home screen 4.0. 1 October 21, 2011 Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus. 4.0. 2 November 28, 2011 Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011. hide Android 4.0. 3 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 15 ) Android 4.0. 3 Ice Cream Sandwich ( API 15 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 4.0. 3 December 16, 2011 Numerous bugfixes and optimizations Improvements to graphics, databases, spell - checking and Bluetooth functionality New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider Calendar provider enhancements New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers Android 4.0 home screen 4.0. 4 March 29, 2012 Stability improvements Better camera performance Smoother screen rotation Improved phone number recognition hide Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ( API 16 ) Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ( API 16 ) Google announced Android 4.1 ( Jelly Bean ) at the Google I / O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0. 31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved `` Project Butter '', which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and `` buttery - smooth '' UI. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on July 9, 2012, and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 4.1 July 9, 2012 Smoother user interface : Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline CPU input boost Synchronizing touch to vsync timing Enhanced accessibility Bi-directional text and other language support User - installable keyboard maps Expandable notifications Ability to turn off notifications on an application - specific basis Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones. Improved camera application Multichannel audio The Fraunhofer FDK AAC codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding / decoding USB audio ( for external sound DACs ) Audio chaining ( also known as gapless playback ) Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access Android 4.1 home screen 4.1. 1 July 11, 2012 Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application 4.1. 2 October 9, 2012 Lock / home screen rotation support One - finger gestures to expand / collapse notifications Bugfixes and performance enhancements hide Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ( API 17 ) Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ( API 17 ) Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy. Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan `` A new flavor of Jelly Bean ''. Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4. 0, and debuted on Google 's Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on November 13, 2012. Version Release date Features 4.2 November 13, 2012 Lock screen improvements, including widget support ( removed again in 2014 ) and the ability to swipe directly to camera Notification power controls ( `` Quick Settings '' ) `` Daydream '' screensavers, showing information when idle or docked ( later renamed to `` screen saver '' following the launch of the unrelated Google Daydream VR platform in 2016 ) Multiple user accounts ( tablets only ) Rewritten Bluetooth stack, switching from Bluez to Broadcom open source BlueDroid, allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display ( Miracast ) Native right - to - left, always - on VPN and application verification. A new NFC stack was added at the same time. Accessibility improvements : triple - tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users New clock application with built - in world clock, stop watch and timer All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets ( with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu ), regardless of screen size Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly SELinux Premium SMS confirmation Group Messaging 4.2. 1 November 27, 2012 Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported HID ( Human interface device ) 4.2. 2 February 11, 2013 Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs Long - pressing the Wi - Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on / off state New download notifications, which now shows the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads New sounds for wireless charging and low battery New Gallery application animation allows faster loading USB debug whitelist Bugfixes and performance enhancements hide Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ( API 18 ) Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ( API 18 ) Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan `` An even sweeter Jelly Bean '' on July 24, 2013, during an event in San Francisco called `` Breakfast with Sundar Pichai ''. Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the second - generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with it. A minor bugfix update was released on August 22, 2013. Version Release date Features 4.3 July 24, 2013 Bluetooth low energy support Bluetooth Audio / Video Remote Control Profile ( AVRCP ) 1.3 support OpenGL ES 3.0 support, allowing for improved game graphics Restricted access mode for new user profiles Filesystem write performance improvement by running fstrim command while device is idle Dial pad auto - complete in the Phone application Volume for incoming calls ( ringtone ) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately Improvements to Photo Sphere Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones Addition of `` App Ops '', a fine - grained application permissions control system ( hidden by default ) SELinux enabled by default 4K resolution support Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bugfixes System - level support for geofencing and Wi - Fi scanning APIs Background Wi - Fi location still runs even when Wi - Fi is turned off Developer logging and analyzing enhancements Added support for five more languages Changed digital rights management ( DRM ) APIs Right - to - left ( RTL ) languages now supported Clock in the status bar disappears if clock is selected as lockscreen widget Native emoji support 4.3. 1 October 3, 2013 Bugfixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE hide Android 4.4 KitKat ( API 19 ) Android 4.4 KitKat ( API 19 ) Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the `` Key Lime Pie '' ( `` KLP '' ) codename, the name was changed because `` very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie. '' Some technology bloggers also expected the `` Key Lime Pie '' release to be Android 5. KitKat debuted on Google 's Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum ; those improvements were known as `` Project Svelte '' internally at Google. The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as `` low RAM '' devices. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 4.4 October 31, 2013 Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue Clock no longer shows bold hours ; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers. Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars Ability for applications to use `` immersive mode '' to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a `` Menu '' key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0. Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and `` low RAM '' device API Wireless printing capability NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards WebViews now based on Chromium engine ( feature parity with Chrome for Android 30 ) Expanded functionality for notification listener services Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources ( including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services ). New framework for UI transitions Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and home ( launcher ) application Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer Built - in screen recording feature ( primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required ) Native infrared blaster API Verified boot Enforcing SELinux Expanded accessibility APIs and system - level closed captioning settings Android Runtime ( ART ) introduced as a new experimental application runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the Dalvik virtual machine Bluetooth Message Access Profile ( MAP ) support Disabled access to battery statistics by third - party applications Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens Wi - Fi and mobile data activity ( TX / RX ) indicators are moved to quick settings Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component Android 4.4 home screen 4.4. 1 December 5, 2013 Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime ( ART ) Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view Miscellaneous improvements and bugfixes 4.4. 2 December 9, 2013 Further security enhancements and bugfixes Removal of the `` App Ops '' application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3 4.4. 3 June 2, 2014 Refreshed Dialer app interface Updated the Chromium - based WebView to version 33 ( screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, HTML5 datalist ) Miscellaneous improvements and bugfixes 4.4. 4 June 19, 2014 CVE - 2014 - 0224 fixed, eliminating an OpenSSL man - in - the - middle vulnerability hide Android 4.4 W. KitKat, with wearable extensions ( API 20 ) Android 4.4 W KitKat, with wearable extensions ( API 20 ) On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released. Version Release date Features 4.4 W June 25, 2014 Initial release of Android Wear platform for smartwatches : the same as Android 4.4 `` KitKat '', but with wearable extensions added 4.4 W. 1 September 6, 2014 UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms 4.4 W. 2 October 21, 2014 Offline music playback GPS support hide Android 5.0 Lollipop ( API 21 ) Android 5.0 Lollipop ( API 21 ) Android 5.0 `` Lollipop '' was unveiled under the codename `` Android L '' on June 25, 2014, during Google I / O. It became available as official over-the - air ( OTA ) updates on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014. Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as `` material design ''. Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top - of - the - screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime ( ART ) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 5.0 November 12, 2014 Android Runtime ( ART ) with ahead - of - time ( AOT ) compilation and improved garbage collection ( GC ), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode interpretation with trace - based just - in - time ( JIT ) compilation Support for 64 - bit CPUs OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack ( AEP ) on supported GPU configurations Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application Vector drawables, which scale without losing definition Support for print previews Material design, bringing a restyled user interface Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull - down Project Volta, for battery life improvements Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones. Audio input and output through USB devices Third - party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on SD cards. Pinning of an application 's screen for restricted user activity. Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device. WebViews receive updates independently through Google Play for security reasons, instead of relying on system - wide vendor updates Addition of 15 new languages : Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese ( Hong Kong ), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu Tap and Go allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications A flashlight - style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash. User - customizable priorities for application notifications. Smart lock feature SELinux in enforcing mode for all domains Updated emoji Improved accessibility support ( e.g. switch access support ) Block - based over-the - air ( OTA ) updates for new devices Android 5.0 home screen 5.0. 1 December 2, 2014 A few bugfixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling 5.0. 2 December 19, 2014 Fixes a bug with TRIM support ( introduced in Version 4.3 ), which prevented devices from running on - charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use. Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources. hide Android 5.1 Lollipop ( API 22 ) Android 5.1 Lollipop ( API 22 ) Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 5.1 March 9, 2015 Improvements and bug - fixes to the Overview screen Ability to join Wi - Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings Official support for multiple SIM cards Device protection : if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings. High - definition voice calls, available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1 Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed in Android 5.0. Android 5.1 home screen 5.1. 1 April 21, 2015 Various bugfixes Native WiFi calling support hide Android 6.0 Marshmallow ( API 23 ) Android 6.0 Marshmallow ( API 23 ) Android 6.0 `` Marshmallow '' was unveiled under the codename `` Android M '' during Google I / O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set - top box, under the build number MPZ44Q. The third developer preview ( MPA44G ) was released on August 17, 2015 for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices, and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to Android for Work profiles. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 6.0 October 5, 2015 Contextual search from keywords within apps. Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life App Standby feature Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer Application search bar and favorites Native fingerprint reader support Direct Share feature for target - specific sharing between apps Renamed `` Priority '' mode to `` Do Not Disturb '' mode App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications Larger Application folders with multiple pages Post-install / run - time permission requests USB - C support Demo Mode feature for screenshot - capture usage Automatic full data backup and restore for apps 4K display mode for apps Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage ( However, this causes more actual problems than the hypothetical ones it was probably designed to solve. ) MIDI support for musical instruments Experimental multi-window feature Support for actions by third - party apps in the text selection menu App permissions now granted individually at run - time, not all - or - nothing at install time. Miracast support dropped Android 6.0 home screen 6.0. 1 December 7, 2015 Unicode 7.0 & 8.0 emoji support. Descriptions for USB connection options Double - tap power button to open camera hide Android 7.0 Nougat ( API 24 ) Android 7.0 Nougat ( API 24 ) Android `` Nougat '' ( codenamed N in - development ) is the major 7.0 release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for current Nexus devices, as well as with the new `` Android Beta Program '' which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via over-the - air update. Final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016, with the build number NPD90G. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 7.0 August 22, 2016 Unicode 9.0 emoji and skin tone modifier support ( and exposes a subset of ICU4J APIs ). Ability to display color calibration Ability to screen zoom Ability to switch apps by double tapping in overview button Added Emergency information part Added the `` Clear All '' button in Overview screen Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates Daydream virtual reality platform ( VR interface ) Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life Improvements to file browser More Quick Settings options Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size Just in Time ( JIT ) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run Picture - in - picture support for Android TV Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings Redesigned Overview screen Replaced notification cards with notification sheets Settings app navigation drawer Vulkan 3D rendering API Multiple Device Locales Android 7.0 home screen hide Android 7.1 Nougat ( API 25 ) Android 7.1 Nougat ( API 25 ) On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1. 1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 7.1 October 4, 2016 Rearranged notification shade Touch / display performance improvements Moves ( Fingerprint swipe down gesture -- opt - in ) Opt - in with new hardware required : Seamless A / B system updates Daydream VR mode Developer features : Shortcut manager APIs Circular app icons support Keyboard image insertion Fingerprint sensor gesture to open / close notification shade Manual storage manager Intent for apps Improved VR thread scheduling Enhanced wallpaper metadata Multi-endpoint call support Support for various MNO requirements PCDMA voice privacy property Source type support for Visual Voicemail Carrier config options for managing video telephony Manual storage manager -- identifies files and apps using storage Android 7.1 home screen 7.1. 1 December 5, 2016 New set of emojis adding different skin and haircut to existing ones Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard App shortcuts : Launch actions on apps by long pressing the app icon Developer Options : Show CPU Usage feature removed 7.1. 2 April 4, 2017 Battery usage alerts hide Android 8.0 Oreo ( API 26 ) Android 8.0 Oreo ( API 26 ) Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 21, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 8.0 August 21, 2017 Project Treble, the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date : a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates Picture - in - picture support Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji ( 5.0 ) and replacement of all blob - shaped emojis by round ones with gradient and outline Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with white background and respectively black and Accent font color Restructured Settings by regrouping in sections similar entries Adaptive icons Notification improvements Notification channels Notification dots ( badges ) Notification snoozing Notification shade multi-colors ( for music album art, messengers etc ) System - wide Autofill framework Sony LDAC codec support App - specific unknown sources Multi-display support 2 times faster boot time Apps background execution and location limits Google Play Protect Downloadable fonts Integrated printing support Color management ( deep color and wide color gamut ) Wi - Fi Assistant Android 8.0 home screen hide Android 8.1 Oreo ( API 27 ) Android 8.1 Oreo ( API 27 ) Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017 for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 8.1 December 5, 2017 Neural networks API Shared memory API WallpaperColors API Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings Android Oreo Go Edition, an optional lightweight distribution of Android for low - end devices with less than 1 GB of RAM Autofill framework updates Programmatic Safe Browsing actions Navigation buttons dim when not in use Visual changes to ' Power Off ' and ' Restart ' including a new screen and floating toolbar Toast messages are now white in color with same existing transparency Automatic light and dark themes New Easter Egg in the form of an official Oreo cookie picture Hamburger emoji amended to move position of the cheese slice Android 8.1 home screen hide Android 9.0 Pie ( API 28 ) Android 9.0 Pie ( API 28 ) Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. Second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android P ( fifth preview, also considered as a `` Release Candidate '' ) was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018. Version Release date Features Image ( s ) 9.0 August 6, 2018 New user interface for the quick settings menu The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar. The `` dock '' now has a semi-transparent background. Battery saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars. A `` screenshot '' button has been added to the power options. A new `` Lockdown '' mode which disables biometric authentication once activated Rounded corners across the UI New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be had within a notification, full scale images, and smart replies akin to Google 's new app, Reply Support for display cutouts Redesigned volume slider Battery percentage now shown in Always - On Display Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock. Experimental features ( which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags ) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving DNS over TLS A new optional gesture - based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI Redesigned multitask app switcher with Google search bar and app drawer built in. Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time you 're spending on your device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps `` Shush '', an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications `` Adaptive Battery '' prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS thinks the user will not use Auto Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bed time that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone 's interface gray to discourage further use at night Vulkan 1.1 Support Hardware requirements See also : Android ( operating system ) § Hardware The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture ( ARMv7 and ARMv8 - A architectures ; formerly also ARMv5 ), with x86 and MIPS architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android, but MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17. Unofficial Android - x86 project used to provide support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support. In 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones and tablets. While gaining support for 64 - bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64 - bit x86 and then on ARM64. Since Android 5.0 Lollipop, 64 - bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32 - bit variants. Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816 MB -- 1.8 GB for 64 - bit and 512 MB -- 1.3 GB for 32 - bit meaning in practice 1 GB for the most common type of display ( while minimum for Android watch is 416 MB ). The recommendation for Android 4.4 is to have at least 512 MB of RAM, while for `` low RAM '' devices 340 MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor. Android 4.4 requires a 32 - bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor ( latter two through unofficial ports ), together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit ( GPU ). Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 Vulkan ( and version 1.1 available for some devices ). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications. Android used to require an autofocus camera, which was relaxed to a fixed - focus camera. See also Computing portal iOS version history Tizen § History Wear OS -- originally called Android Wear Notes Jump up ^ The 2.3. 6 update had the side - effect of impairing the Wi - Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September. 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Jump up ^ `` Android 4.1. 2 brings homescreen rotation to devices ''. GigaOM. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012. Jump up ^ `` New Feature In Android 4.1. 2 : Expanding / Collapsing Notifications With One Finger ( Video ) ''. Android Police. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Monday 's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy ''. Android Central. October 27, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 ''. Know Your Mobile. November 14, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 ''. IGN. November 13, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more ''. The Verge. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all - new photography powers ''. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Klug, Brian ( May 19, 2013 ). `` The Next Version of Android - Some of What 's Coming ''. anandtech.com. Retrieved October 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Jelly Bean ''. Android developer portal. Retrieved July 2, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2 : SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation ''. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012. Jump up ^ `` ( Changelog ) What 's New In Android 4.2. 1 ( JOP40D ) ''. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Sorry, Santa -- Google Cancels December In Android 4.2 ''. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Breaking : Android 4.2. 2 ( Build JDQ39 ) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10 ''. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.2. 2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets ''. Ars Technica. February 12, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today ''. Tom 's Hardware. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware ''. Engadget. August 22, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today ''. The Verge. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean ''. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices ''. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Another Android 4.3 Change : Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now ''. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo ''. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Jump up ^ `` App Ops : Android 4.3 's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps ! ''. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution ''. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Jump up ^ `` An In - Depth Look At The Big ( And Small ) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3 ''. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013. Jump up ^ Jaymar Cabebe ( July 25, 2013 ). `` Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs - CNET ''. CNET. CBS Interactive. Jump up ^ `` Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3. 1 Appears -- LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3. 1 OTA ( JLS36I ) ''. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3. 1 Update ( JLS36I ) ''. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013. Jump up ^ Kelion, Leo ( September 3, 2013 ). `` Android KitKat announced ''. BBC News. Retrieved September 3, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors ''. TechRadar. July 2, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013. ^ Jump up to : Molen, Brad ( November 5, 2013 ). `` Engadget review the Nexus 5 ''. Engadget. Retrieved November 11, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` 7.6. 1 ''. Android Compatibility Definition Document ( PDF ) ( 4.4 ed. ). Google. November 27, 2013. p. 33. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on March 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android for all and the new Nexus 5 ``. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android KitKat ''. Android Developers Portal. Retrieved November 1, 2013. Jump up ^ Bonn, Dieter ( October 31, 2013 ). `` Google 's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349 : hands - on impressions ''. The Verge. Retrieved November 1, 2013. Jump up ^ David Ruddock ( October 31, 2013 ). `` KitKat Feature Spotlight : Apps Can Now Go Truly Full - Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar ''. androidpolice.com. Retrieved November 3, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat ''. PhoneArena.com. December 9, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat ''. Android Developers Blog. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android 4.4 brings support for low - power audio playback ''. PhoneArena.com. October 31, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2014. Jump up ^ Jason Cipriani ( November 5, 2013 ). `` How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat ''. CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android Developers : ART and Dalvik ''. source.android.com. March 9, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2015. Jump up ^ David Ruddock ( October 31, 2013 ). `` KitKat Feature Spotlight : Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less ''. Android Police. Retrieved November 2, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android Issue 61975 : Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps ''. Code.google.com. November 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android Issue 61834 : 4.4 KitKat reception / Wifi indicators no longer show data rx / tx during operation ''. Code.google.com. November 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android Issue 62378 : KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works ''. code.google.com. Retrieved October 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Official Nexus Google+ page ( December 5, 2013 ). `` Android 4.4. 1 Released to Nexus 5 ''. Google Plus. Retrieved December 5, 2013. Jump up ^ Artem Russakovskii ( December 9, 2013 ). `` Android 4.4. 2 ( KOT49H ) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices -- Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating ''. Android Police. Retrieved December 9, 2013. Jump up ^ Peter Eckersley ( December 12, 2013 ). `` Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental ''. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved December 14, 2013. Jump up ^ Ron Amadeo ( June 2, 2014 ). `` Google releases Android 4.4. 3 to Nexus devices ''. Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, 2014. Jump up ^ Kellex ( June 2, 2014 ). `` Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4. 3 ''. Droid Life. Retrieved June 2, 2014. Jump up ^ Android Developers ( June 3, 2014 ). `` Android 4.4. 3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out - Google + ''. Android Developers ( Google+ ). Retrieved June 4, 2014. Jump up ^ Kellex ( June 19, 2014 ). `` Whoa : Android 4.4. 4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P ''. Droid Life. Retrieved June 19, 2014. Jump up ^ Ryan Whitwam ( June 19, 2014 ). `` Google Rolling Out Android 4.4. 4 Update ( KTU84P ) With A Security Fix, Factory Images / Binaries Up For Nexus Devices ''. androidpolice.com. Retrieved June 25, 2014. Jump up ^ Rob, Triggs. `` Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP ''. Android Authority. Retrieved July 22, 2014. Jump up ^ Andrew Grush ( September 6, 2014 ). `` Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I / O 2014 ''. Android Authority. Retrieved January 25, 2015. Jump up ^ Michael Crider ( September 6, 2014 ). `` Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4 W. 1 Build KGW42N : Here 's What 's New ''. Android Police. Retrieved January 25, 2015. Jump up ^ Rita El Khoury ( October 21, 2014 ). `` Android Wear 4.4 W. 2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support ( Though You Ca n't Use The Latter ) ''. Android Police. Retrieved January 25, 2015. Jump up ^ `` From Android L to Google Fit : All the new products and features from Google I / O ''. PC World. June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days ''. PhoneArena.com. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Google 's new ' Material Design ' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web ''. Engadget. June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014. Jump up ^ `` We just played with Android 's L Developer Preview ''. Engadget. AOL. Retrieved June 26, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO ''. Anandtech. Retrieved June 26, 2014. Jump up ^ Andrei Frumusanu ( July 1, 2014 ). `` A Closer Look at Android RunTime ( ART ) in Android L ''. AnandTech. Retrieved July 5, 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Android 5.0 APIs ''. Android.com. Retrieved October 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android : Be together. Not the same ''. Official Google Blog. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014. Jump up ^ Ben Cheng ; Bill Buzbee ( May 2010 ). `` A JIT Compiler for Android 's Dalvik VM '' ( PDF ). android-app-developer.co.uk. Google. pp. 5 -- 14. Retrieved March 19, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Exploring Android L : Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust ''. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Android 5.0 Lollipop 's new features ''. India Times. November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone ''. Android Central. Retrieved January 25, 2015. Jump up ^ Cody Toombs ( November 4, 2014 ). `` Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security ''. Android Police. Retrieved November 29, 2014. Jump up ^ Michael Crider ( November 27, 2014 ). `` Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop ''. Android Police. Retrieved November 29, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android ''. ZDNet. October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Android - 5.0 Lollipop ''. Android.com. November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014. Jump up ^ Jason Cipriani ( November 3, 2014 ). `` Set up ' Priority ' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop ''. CNET. Retrieved December 23, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop ''. Jump up ^ `` Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog ''. Emojipedia. Retrieved 2 February 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop ''. Android Central. October 25, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Block - Based OTAs Android Open Source Project ''. Source.android.com. Retrieved January 30, 2016. Jump up ^ Liam Spradlin ( December 2, 2014 ). `` Android 5.0. 1 ( LRX22C ) Hitting AOSP Now ( Update : Factory Images Too ) ''. Android Police. Retrieved December 3, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Factory Images for Nexus - Android ''. Google. Jump up ^ Tate, Christopher ( 21 November 2014 ). `` Commit 4f868ed to platform / frameworks / base ''. Android Git Repositories. Google. Retrieved 27 December 2017. The current heuristics depend on devices being alive at midnight+ in order to run periodic background fstrim operations... If the device goes a defined time without a background fstrim, we ( now ) force the fstrim at the next reboot. Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter... ' Available ' here means charging + device idle. Jump up ^ Stephen Schenck ( December 22, 2014 ). `` What 's actually new in Android 5.0. 2 ? ''. PocketNow.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015. Jump up ^ David Nield. `` 10 Things You Can Do in Android 5.1 That You Could n't Before ''. Field Guide. Gawker Media. ^ Jump up to : `` Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls ''. VentureBeat. Retrieved April 24, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there 's a catch ''. AndroidPIT. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Android 5.1. 1 ( LMY47V ) officially uploaded to AOSP and here 's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available ''. Retrieved May 1, 2015. Jump up ^ Jennings, Jack ( June 26, 2015 ). `` Google Open Source Code for Wi - Fi Calling ''. XDA. Retrieved November 2, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Google 's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player ( Updated ) ''. Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved May 28, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Downloads Android Developers ''. August 17, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Support and Release Notes Android Developers ''. developer.android.com. Retrieved August 22, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow ''. Android Developers. Retrieved October 6, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Now on Tap ''. Jump up ^ `` Android Doze ''. Jump up ^ `` Android vertical app drawer ''. Jump up ^ `` Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers ''. Jump up ^ `` Handling App Links ''. developer.android.com. Jump up ^ `` App Linking in Android 6.0 ''. developer.android.com. Jump up ^ `` Use Android 6.0 's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar ''. Jump up ^ `` Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers ''. Jump up ^ `` Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers ''. Jump up ^ `` Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers ''. Jump up ^ `` Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage ''. 7 April 2017. Jump up ^ `` MIDI - Android Open Source Project ''. Jump up ^ `` How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow ''. Jump up ^ `` Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering ''. Jump up ^ `` Request App Permissions - Android Developers ''. Android Developers. Jump up ^ `` Google releases Android 6.0. 1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P / 6, Nexus 5X / 5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 ( 2013 ) ''. GadgetzArena. Retrieved March 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Android 6.0. 1 Emoji Changelog ''. Emojipedia. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Jump up ^ `` Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 - the final preview - is available for download ''. Android Police. July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog ''. Emojipedia. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Jump up ^ `` Android 7.0 for Developers - Android Developers ''. Android Developers. Jump up ^ `` Android N Feature Spotlight : Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies ''. 12 March 2016. Jump up ^ `` Android 7.1 Nougat 's changelog is here, includes both Pixel - exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes ''. Android Police. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016. Jump up ^ `` A sweet update to Nougat : Android 7.1. 1 ''. Google Blog. December 5, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Google Groups ''. productforums.google.com. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 04. Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1. 2 update ''. Android Authority. April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Google Blog ''. android-developers.googleblog.com. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices ''. GoAndroid. October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices ''. Ars Technica. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017. Jump up ^ Dave Burke ( December 5, 2017 ). `` Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo ( Go edition ) ''. Retrieved December 5, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Android 8.1 feature spotlight : A new Oreo Easter egg ''. Android Police. Retrieved November 28, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Rahman, Mishaal ( 7 March 2018 ). `` Here 's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel / XL and Pixel 2 / XL ''. XDA Developers. Retrieved 8 March 2018. ^ Jump up to : Welch, Chris ( 7 March 2018 ). `` The biggest early visual changes in Android P ''. The Verge. Retrieved 8 March 2018. Jump up ^ `` DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview ''. Google Security Blog. April 17, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` The syntax of the Android.mk build file ''. developer.android.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015. Jump up ^ Shah, Agam ( March 23, 2015 ). `` Imagination floats sub - $100 MIPS tablet running Firefox OS ''. PC World. IDG. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2015. Jump up ^ `` ABI Management ''. Android Developers. Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 17. ^ Jump up to : Shah, Agam ( December 1, 2011 ). `` Google 's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors ''. Computerworld. International Data Group. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Android on Intel Architecture ''. 01.org. July 11, 2013. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Jump up ^ Warman, Matt ( June 7, 2012 ). `` Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review ''. The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved June 19, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Android Lollipop ''. developer.android.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2014. It 's supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64 - bit compatible. Jump up ^ `` How to check which of the Processor, ARM, ARM64 or x86, powers your smartphone ''. 16 April 2016. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Jump up ^ `` Android 7.1 Compatibility Definition '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Android KitKat ''. Android Developers Portal. android.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Android Developers : Graphics ''. android.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Vulkan on Android ''. NVIDIA Developer. 2016 - 02 - 10. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 21. Vulkan 1.1 is available as a Developer Preview OTA for the NVIDIA SHIELD TV. Jump up ^ `` Android Developers : Android Compatibility ''. android.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2013. External Links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Android ( operating system ). 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Question: what is the latest android operating system version
Answer: Pie