Movement disorders - wikipedia Movement disorders For the journal, see Movement Disorders ( journal ). Movement disorder Classification and external resources Specialty Psychiatry, Neurology ICD - 10 F44. 4, F98. 4, G25. 8 - G25. 9, R25 ICD - 9 - CM 333.9, 781.0 MeSH D009069 ( edit on Wikidata ) Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. Movement disorders are synonymous with basal ganglia or extrapyramidal diseases. Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories - hyperkinetic and hypokinetic. Hyperkinetic movement disorders refer to dyskinesia, or excessive, often repetitive, involuntary movements that intrude upon the normal flow of motor activity. Hypokinetic movement disorders refer to akinesia ( lack of movement ), hypokinesia ( reduced amplitude of movements ), bradykinesia ( slow movement ) and rigidity. In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder. In secondary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is a manifestation of another systemic or neurological disorder. Contents 1 Classification 2 Approach to diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 History 5 References 6 External links Classification Movement Disorders ICD - 9 - CM ICD - 10 - CM Hypokinetic Movement disorders Parkinson 's disease ( Primary or Idiopathic Parkinsonism ) 332 G20 Secondary Parkinsonism G21 Parkinson plus syndromes Hallevorden - Spatz Disease G23. 0 Progressive Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia G23. 1 Striatonigral deneneration G23. 2 Hyperkinetic Movement disorders Dystonia G24 Drug induced dystonia G24. 0 Idiopathic familial dystonia 333.6 G24. 1 Idiopathic nonfamilial dystonia 333.7 G24. 2 Spasmodic torticollis 333.83 G24. 3 Ideopathic orofacial dystonia G24. 4 Blepharospasm 333.81 G24. 5 Other dystonias G24. 8 Other extrapyramidal movement disorders G25 Essential tremor 333.1 G25. 0 Drug induced tremor G25. 1 Other specified form of tremor G25. 2 Tremor unspecified R25. 1 Myoclonus 333.2 G25. 3 Opsoclonus 379.59 H57 Chorea ( rapid, involuntary movement ) Drug induced chorea G25. 4 Rheumatic chorea ( Sydenham 's chorea ) I02 Huntington 's Chorea 333.4 G10 Ballismus ( violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements ) G25. 85 Hemiballismus ( affecting only one side of the body ) G25. 85 Athetosis ( contorted torsion or twisting ) 333.71 R25. 8 Dyskinesia ( abnormal, involuntary movement ) Tardive dyskinesia Tic disorders ( involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped ) F95 Tourette 's syndrome F95. 2 Drug - induced tics and tics of organic origin 333.3 G25. 6 Stereotypic movement disorder F98. 5 Paroxysmal nocturnal limb movement G25. 80 Painful legs ( or arms ), moving toes ( or fingers ) syndrome G25. 81 Sporadic restless leg syndrome G25. 82 Familial restless leg syndrome G25. 83 Stiff - person syndrome 333.91 G25. 84 Abnormal head movements R25. 0 Cramp and spasm R25. 2 Fasciculation R25. 3 Cerebral palsy ( unspecified ) 343.9 G80. 9 Approach to diagnosis Step I : Decide the dominant type of movement disorder Step II : Make differential diagnosis of the particular disorder Step II : Confirm the diagnosis by lab tests Metabolic screening Microbiology Immunology CSF examination Genetics Imaging Neurophysiological tests Pharmacological tests Treatment Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder. Movement disorders have been known to be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. See also : Parkinson 's disease History Vesalius and Piccolomini in 16th century distinguished subcortical nuclei from cortex and white matter. However Willis ' conceptualized the corpus striatum as the seat of motor power in the late 17th century. In mid-19th - century movement disorders were localized to striatum by Choreaby Broadbent and Jackson, and athetosis by Hammond. By the late 19th century, many movement disorders were described but for most no pathologic correlate was known. References Jump up ^ Fahn, Stanley ; Jankovic, Joseph ; Hallett, Mark ( 2011 - 08 - 09 ). Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 1437737706. Jump up ^ Bradley, Walter George ( 2004 - 01 - 01 ). Neurology in Clinical Practice : Principles of diagnosis and management. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9789997625885. Jump up ^ Flemming, Kelly ; Jones, Lyell ( 2015 - 06 - 15 ). Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review : Clinical Neurology for Initial Certification and MOC. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190244934. Jump up ^ Singer, Harvey S. ; Mink, Jonathan ; Gilbert, Donald L. ; Jankovic, Joseph ( 2015 - 10 - 27 ). Movement Disorders in Childhood. Academic Press. ISBN 9780124115804. Jump up ^ Poewe, Werner ; Jankovic, Joseph ( 2014 - 02 - 20 ). Movement Disorders in Neurologic and Systemic Disease. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107024618. Jump up ^ `` MedlinePlus : Movement Disorders ''. Jump up ^ Baizabal - Carvallo, JF ; Jankovic J. ( 2012 - 07 - 18 ). `` Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases. ''. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 27 ( 8 ) : 935 -- 46. PMID 22555904. doi : 10.1002 / mds. 25011. Jump up ^ Lanska, Douglas J. ( 2010 - 01 - 01 ). `` Chapter 33 : the history of movement disorders ''. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 95 : 501 -- 546. ISSN 0072 - 9752. PMID 19892136. doi : 10.1016 / S0072 - 9752 ( 08 ) 02133 - 7. Emotional and behavioral disorders ( F90 -- F98, 312 -- 314 ) Emotional / behavioral ADHD Conduct disorder Oppositional defiant disorder Emotional / behavioral disorder ( EBD ) Separation anxiety Social functioning Selective mutism RAD DAD Tic disorders Tourette syndrome Speech disorders Stuttering Cluttering Stereotypic movement disorder Elimination disorders Enuresis Encopresis Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS ( G04 -- G47, 323 -- 349 ) Inflammation Brain Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic Spinal cord Myelitis : Poliomyelitis Demyelinating disease Transverse myelitis Tropical spastic paraparesis Epidural abscess Both / either Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Myalgic Meningoencephalitis Brain / encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige 's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff person Dementia Tauopathy Alzheimer 's Early - onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia / Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick 's Dementia with Lewy bodies Posterior cortical atrophy Vascular dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh disease Demyelinating autoimmune Multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Schilder 's disease hereditary Adrenoleukodystrophy Alexander Canavan Krabbe ML PMD VWM MFC CAMFAK syndrome Central pontine myelinolysis Marchiafava -- Bignami disease Alpers ' disease Episodic / paroxysmal Seizure / epilepsy Focal Generalised Status epilepticus Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine Familial hemiplegic Cluster Tension Cerebrovascular TIA Amaurosis fugax Transient global amnesia Acute aphasia Stroke MCA ACA PCA Foville 's Millard -- Gubler Lateral medullary Weber 's Lacunar stroke Sleep disorders Insomnia Hypersomnia Sleep apnea Obstructive Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Narcolepsy Cataplexy Kleine -- Levin Circadian rhythm sleep disorder Advanced sleep phase disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder Non-24 - hour sleep -- wake disorder Jet lag CSF Intracranial hypertension Hydrocephalus / NPH Choroid plexus papilloma Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Cerebral edema Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation Reye 's Hepatic encephalopathy Toxic encephalopathy Hashimoto 's encephalopathy Spinal cord / myelopathy Syringomyelia Syringobulbia Morvan 's syndrome Vascular myelopathy Foix -- Alajouanine syndrome Spinal cord compression Both / either Degenerative SA Friedreich 's ataxia Ataxia - telangiectasia MND UMN only : Primary lateral sclerosis Pseudobulbar palsy Hereditary spastic paraplegia LMN only : Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies Spinal muscular atrophies SMA SMAX1 SMAX2 DSMA1 Congenital DSMA SMA - PCH SMA - LED SMA - PME Progressive muscular atrophy Progressive bulbar palsy Fazio -- Londe Infantile progressive bulbar palsy both : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Symptoms and signs : nervous and musculoskeletal systems ( R25 -- R29, 781.0, 781.2 -- 9 ) Primarily nervous system Primarily CNS Movement disorders Dyskinesia : Athetosis Tremor Gait abnormality Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Festinating gait Marche a petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Magnetic gait Lack of coordination Dyskinesia : Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia / Dysmetria Sensory ataxia Dyssynergia Dysdiadochokinesia Asterixis Other Abnormal posturing : Opisthotonus Sensory processing disorder : Hemispatial neglect Facial weakness Hyperreflexia Pronator drift Primarily PNS Gait abnormality Steppage gait Antalgic gait Primarily muscular Movement disorders Spasm Trismus Fasciculation Fibrillation Myokymia Cramp Gait abnormality Myopathic gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Other Tetany Meningism Primarily skeletal Rachitic rosary Clubbing Primarily joint Joint locking Neuroscience Outline of neuroscience Basic science Behavioral epigenetics Behavioral genetics Cellular neuroscience Computational neuroscience Connectomics Imaging genetics Integrative neuroscience Molecular neuroscience Neural engineering Neuroanatomy Neurochemistry Neuroendocrinology Neurogenetics Neuroinformatics Neurometrics Neuromorphology Neurophysics Neurophysiology Clinical neuroscience Behavioral neurology Clinical neurophysiology Neurocardiology Neuroepidemiology Neurogastroenterology Neuroimmunology Neurointensive care Neurology Neurooncology Neuro - 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Question: what is the disorder of abnormally slow movements
Answer: bradykinesia