Hawaii Volcanoes National Park - wikipedia Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Hawai ʻi Volcanoes National Park IUCN category II ( national park ) Pāhoehoe Lava and ʻAʻā flows Location in the Hawaiian Islands Location Hawaii County, Hawaii, US Nearest city Hilo Coordinates 19 ° 23 ′ N 155 ° 12 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 19.383 ° N 155.200 ° W ﻿ / 19.383 ; - 155.200 Coordinates : 19 ° 23 ′ N 155 ° 12 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 19.383 ° N 155.200 ° W ﻿ / 19.383 ; - 155.200 Area 323,431 acres ( 1,308.88 km ) Established August 1, 1916 Visitors 2,016,702 ( in 2017 ) Governing body National Park Service Website Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park UNESCO World Heritage Site Criteria Natural : viii Reference 409 Inscription 1987 ( 11th Session ) Hawai ʻi Volcanoes National Park, established on August 1, 1916, is an American National Park located in the U.S. state of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii. It encompasses two active volcanoes : Kīlauea, one of the world 's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world 's most massive shield volcano. The park delivers scientists insight into the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and ongoing studies into the processes of volcanism. For visitors, the park offers dramatic volcanic landscapes as well as glimpses of rare flora and fauna. In recognition of its outstanding natural values, Hawai ʻi Volcanoes National Park was designated as an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980 and a World Heritage Site in 1987. In 2012 the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park was honored on the 14th quarter of the America the Beautiful Quarters series. As of May 10, 2018, the park is closed to the public in the Kīlauea volcano summit area, including the visitor center and park headquarters, due to explosions and toxic ash clouds from Halemaʻumaʻu crater, as well as earthquakes and road damage. Contents 1 Environment 2 History 3 Heads 3.1 Historic places 4 Visitor center and museums 5 Painting of Pele 6 Recent events 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Environment The park includes 323,431 acres ( 505.36 sq mi ; 1,308.88 km ) of land. Over half of the park is designated the Hawaii Volcanoes Wilderness area and provides unusual hiking and camping opportunities. The park encompasses diverse environments that range from sea level to the summit of the Earth 's most massive active volcano, Mauna Loa at 13,677 feet ( 4,169 m ). Climates range from lush tropical rain forests, to the arid and barren Ka ʻū Desert. Lava erupting from the Pu ʻu ʻŌʻō vent in June 1983 Active eruptive sites include the main caldera of Kīlauea and a more active but remote vent called Pu ʻu ʻŌʻō. The main entrance to the park is from the Hawaii Belt Road. The Chain of Craters Road, as the name implies, leads past several craters from historic eruptions to the coast. It used to continue to another entrance to the park near the town of Kalapana, but that portion is now covered by a lava flow. History Kīlauea and its Halema ʻumaʻu caldera were traditionally considered the sacred home of the volcano goddess Pele, and Hawaiians visited the crater to offer gifts to the goddess. In 1790, a party of warriors ( along with women and children who were in the area ) were caught in an unusually violent eruption. Many were killed and others left footprints in the lava that can still be seen today. The first western visitors to the site, English missionary William Ellis and American Asa Thurston, went to Kīlauea in 1823. Ellis wrote of his reaction to the first sight of the erupting volcano : A spectacle, sublime and even appalling, presented itself before us. ' We stopped and trembled. ' Astonishment and awe for some moments rendered us mute, and, like statues, we stood fixed to the spot, with our eyes riveted on the abyss below. The volcano became a tourist attraction in the 1840s, and local businessmen such as Benjamin Pitman and George Lycurgus ran a series of hotels at the rim. Volcano House is the only hotel or restaurant located within the borders of the national park. Lorrin A. Thurston, grandson of the American missionary Asa Thurston, was one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the park after investing in the hotel from 1891 to 1904. William R. Castle first proposed the idea in 1903. Thurston, who then owned the Honolulu Advertiser newspaper, printed editorials in favor of the park idea. In 1907, the territory of Hawaii paid for fifty members of Congress and their wives to visit Haleakala and Kīlauea. It included a dinner cooked over lava steam vents. In 1908 Thurston entertained Secretary of the Interior James Rudolph Garfield, and in 1909 another congressional delegation. Governor Walter F. Frear proposed a draft bill in 1911 to create `` Kilauea National Park '' for $50,000. Thurston and local landowner William Herbert Shipman proposed boundaries, but ran into some opposition from ranchers. Thurston printed endorsements from John Muir, Henry Cabot Lodge, and former President Theodore Roosevelt. After several attempts, the legislation introduced by delegate Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole finally passed to create the park. House Resolution 9525 was signed by Woodrow Wilson on August 1, 1916. It was the 11th National Park in the United States, and the first in a Territory. Within a few weeks, the National Park Service Organic Act would create the National Park Service to run the system. Originally called `` Hawaii National Park '', it was split from the Haleakalā National Park on September 22, 1961 ( 75 Stat. 577 ) to be formally known as Hawai ` i Volcanoes National Park. An easily accessible lava tube was named for the Thurston family. An undeveloped stretch of the Thurston Lava Tube extends an additional 1,100 ft ( 340 m ) beyond the developed area and dead - ends into the hillside, but it is closed to the general public. Park map including the Kahuku Ranch on left In 2004, an additional 115,788 acres ( 468.58 km ) of Kahuku Ranch were added to the park, making it 56 % larger. This was an area west of the town of Wai ʻōhinu and east of Ocean View, the largest land acquisition in Hawaii 's history. The land was bought for US $21.9 million from the Samuel Mills Damon Estate, with financing from the Nature Conservancy. Heads National Park superintendents : 1922 -- 1922 -- Albert O. Burkland 1922 -- 1926 -- Thomas Boles 1926 -- 1926 -- Albert O. Burkland 1927 -- 1928 -- Richard T. Evans 1928 -- 1931 -- Thomas J. Allen 1931 -- 1933 -- Ernest P. Leavitt 1933 -- 1946 -- Edward G. Wingate 1946 -- 1946 -- Gunnar O. Fagerlund 1946 -- 1953 -- Francis R. Oberhansley 1953 -- 1959 -- John B. Wosky 1959 -- 1965 -- Fred T. Johnston 1965 -- 1967 -- Glen T. Bean 1967 -- 1970 -- Daniel J. Tobin 1970 -- 1971 -- Gene J. Balaz 1971 -- 1975 -- G. Bryan Harry 1975 -- 1978 -- Robert D. Barbee 1979 -- 1987 -- David B. Ames 1987 -- 1987 -- James F. Martin 1987 -- 1993 -- Hugo H. Huntzinger 1993 -- 2004 -- James F. Martin from 2004 -- Cynthia Orlando Historic Places Several of the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii are located within the park : 1790 Footprints Ainahou Ranch Ainapo Trail Kilauea Crater Puna - Ka'u Historic District Volcano House Whitney Seismograph Vault No. 29 Wilkes Campsite Panoramic view of the lava at the end of the Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Visitor center and museums Night view of Halema ʻumaʻu from Jaggar Museum The main visitor center, located just within the park entrance at 19 ° 25 ′ 46 '' N 155 ° 15 ′ 25.5 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 19.42944 ° N 155.257083 ° W ﻿ / 19.42944 ; - 155.257083, includes displays and information about the features of the park. The nearby Volcano Art Center, located in the original 1877 Volcano House hotel, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now houses historical displays and an art gallery. The Thomas A. Jaggar Museum, located a few miles west on Crater Rim Drive, features more exhibits and a close view of the Kīlauea 's active vent Halema ʻumaʻu. The museum is named after scientist Thomas Jaggar, the first director of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, which adjoins the museum. The observatory itself is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and is not open to the public. Bookstores are located in the main visitor center and the Jaggar Museum. The Kilauea Military Camp provides accommodations for U.S. military personnel. As of 2008 the superintendent was Cindy Orlando. Volunteer groups also sponsor events in the park. Painting of Pele Arthur Johnsen 's Pele About 1929, D. Howard Hitchcock made an oil painting of Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of fire, lightning, wind, and volcanoes. In 1966, the artist 's son, Harvey, donated the painting to the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, where it was displayed in the visitors ' center from 1966 to 2005. The painting was criticized for portraying the Hawaiian goddess as a Caucasian. In 2003, the Volcano Art Center announced a competition for a `` more modern and culturally authentic rendering '' of the goddess. An anonymous judging panel of Native Hawaiian elders selected a painting by Arthur Johnsen of Pahoa, Hawaii from 140 entries. In Johnsen 's painting, the goddess has distinctly Polynesian features. She is holding a digging stick ( ʻōʻō ) in her left hand and the egg that gave birth to her younger sister Hiʻiaka in her right hand. In 2005, the Hitchcock was replaced with Johnsen 's painting. Recent events Further information : Halema ` uma ` u crater Sulfur dioxide emissions from the Halema ʻumaʻu vent in April, 2008 On March 19, 2008, there was a small explosion in Halema ʻumaʻu crater, the first explosive event since 1924 and the first eruption in the Kīlauea caldera since September 1982. Debris from the explosion was scattered over an area of 74 acres ( 300,000 m ). A small amount of ash was also reported at a nearby community. The explosion covered part of Crater Rim Drive and damaged Halema ʻumaʻu Overlook. The explosion did not release any lava, which suggests to scientists that it was driven by hydrothermal or gas sources. This explosion event followed the opening of a major sulfur dioxide gas vent, greatly increasing levels emitted from the Halema ʻumaʻu crater. The dangerous increase of sulfur dioxide gas prompted closures of Crater Rim Drive between the Jaggar Museum south / southeast to Chain of Craters Road, Crater Rim Trail from Kīlauea Military Camp south / southeast to Chain of Craters Road, and all trails leading to Halema ʻumaʻu crater, including those from Byron Ledge, ʻIliahi ( Sandalwood ) Trail, and Ka ʻū Desert Trail. In mid-May 2018, the park was closed due to explosive eruptions at Halema ` uma ` u crater. As of May 31, the Kīlauea area of the park has remained closed, making the closure the longest in the park 's history. See also Devastation Trail References Jump up ^ `` Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011 ''. Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 07. Jump up ^ `` NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report ''. National Park Service. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 26. Jump up ^ `` Hawai'i's Only World Heritage Site ''. Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park web site. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/05/28/breaking-news/volcano-park-closed-for-record-stretch-due-to-kilauea-eruption/ ^ Jump up to : `` 2008 Business Plan '' ( PDF ). Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Kilauea Status Page ''. HVO. USGS. Jump up ^ Nakamura, Jadelyn ( 2003 ). `` Keonehelelei -- the falling sands '' ( PDF ). Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Archaeological Inventory of the Footprints Area. Jump up ^ `` Early Kilauea Explorations ''. Hawaii Nature Notes number 2. National Park Service. November 1953. Archived from the original on 2012 - 10 - 23. Jump up ^ `` The Volcano House ''. Hawaii Nature Notes number 2. National Park Service. November 1953. Archived from the original on 2012 - 10 - 23. Jump up ^ `` The Park Idea ''. Hawaii Nature Notes number 2. National Park Service. November 1953. Archived from the original on 2012 - 10 - 23. Jump up ^ `` The Final Thrust ''. Hawaii Nature Notes number 2. National Park Service. November 1953. Jump up ^ `` The National Park Service Organic Act ''. statutes of the 64th United States Congress. National Park Service. August 25, 1916. Jump up ^ Historic Listing of National Park Service Officials : Superintendents of National Park System Areas, Hawaii. Last Modified : 2000. Jump up ^ New Superintendent Named For Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. National Park Service Press Release : Jan. 5, 2004. Jump up ^ `` Hawai'i Natural History Association ''. official web site. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Kilauea Military Camp at Kilauea Volcano, a Joint Services Recreation Center ''. official web site. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Friends of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park ''. official web site. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. ^ Jump up to : Rod Thompson ( July 13, 2003 ). `` Rendering Pele : Artists gather paints and canvas in effort to be chosen as Pele 's portrait maker ''. Honolulu Star - Bulletin. Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 08. ^ Jump up to : Thompson, Rod ( August 15, 2003 ). `` Winning Vision of Pele, an Unusual Take ''. Honolulu Star Bulletin. p. A3. Jump up ^ `` Explosive eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, Kilauea Volcano ''. HVO. USGS. Archived from the original on 2008 - 03 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Closed Areas ''. Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park web site. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/05/28/breaking-news/volcano-park-closed-for-record-stretch-due-to-kilauea-eruption/ External links Find more aboutHawaiʻi Volcanoes National Parkat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Travel guide from Wikivoyage `` Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park ''. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2011 - 08 - 21. Official Hawai ʻi Volcanoes National Park website Volcano Gallery : Hawaii Volcanoes National Park - Local Info Photo Gallery, Volcano Live Cam, Eruption Update and General Park Information. Historic American Engineering Record ( HAER ) No. HI - 47, `` Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Roads, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 6 photos, 20 measured drawings, 116 data pages, 1 photo caption page HAER No. HI - 76, `` Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 51 photos, 40 measured drawings, 43 data pages, 5 photo caption pages HAER No. HI - 48, `` Crater Rim Drive, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 17 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 3 photo caption pages HAER No. HI - 48, `` Chain of Craters Road, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 7 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 2 photo caption pages HAER No. HI - 50, `` Mauna Loa Road, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 13 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 2 photo caption pages HAER No. HI - 51, `` Hilina Pali Road, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 8 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 2 photo caption pages Historic American Buildings Survey ( HABS ) No. HI - 523, `` Namakani Paio Campground, Highway 11, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI '', 6 photos, 4 data pages, 1 photo caption page Hawaiian volcanism topics ( list ) Windward Isles Lō ʻihi Māhukona Hawai ʻi Kīlauea ( Kīlauea Iki, Puʻu ʻŌʻō ) Mauna Loa Hualālai Mauna Kea Kohala Kaho ʻolawe Kaua ʻi Ka ʻula Lāna ʻi Maui Haleakalā West Maui Moloka ʻi Penguin Bank West Molokai Volcano East Molokai Volcano Ni ʻihau Oʻahu Ka ʻena Ko ʻolau Wai ʻanae Leeward Isles French Frigate Shoals Gardner Pinnacles Kure Atoll Laysan Lisianski Island Maro Reef Midway Atoll Necker Island Nihoa Pearl and Hermes Atoll Emperor Seamounts Abbott Colahan Daikakuji Detroit Hancock Jingū Kammu Kimmei Koko Meiji Nintoku Ojin Suiko Yomei Yuryaku Notable eruptions and vents 1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption 2018 lower Puna eruption Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Kīlauea Iki Mauna Ulu Puʻu ʻŌʻō Topics ʻAʻā ( lava ) Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes Haleakalā National Park Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Hawaiian -- Emperor seamount chain Hawaiian eruption Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Lava fountain Limu o Pele Pāhoehoe ( lava ) Pele 's hair Pele 's tears Puna Geothermal Venture Protected areas of Hawaii Federal National Parks Haleakalā Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Historical Parks & Sites Kalaupapa NHP Kaloko - Honokōhau NHP Puʻukoholā Heiau NHS Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP National Monuments Honouliuli Papahānaumokuākea Marine World War II Valor in the Pacific National Marine Sanctuary Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Wildlife Refuges Hakalau Forest Hanalei Hawaiian Islands Huleia James Campbell Kakahaia Kealia Pond Kilauea Point Kona Forest Oahu Forest Pearl Harbor Wilderness Areas Haleakala Hawaii Volcanoes State Parks, Monuments Recreation Areas and Preserves Hawai ʻi ( island ) Akaka Falls State Park Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area Huliheʻe Palace Kalopa State Recreation Area Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park Kohala Historical Sites State Monument Kona Coast ( Kekaha Kai ) State Park Kīholo State Park Reserve Lapakahi State Historical Park Lava Tree State Monument MacKenzie State Recreation Area Manuka State Wayside Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve Mauna Kea State Recreation Area Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area Wailoa River State Recreation Area Wailuku River State Park Kaua'i Ahukini State Recreation Pier Ha'ena State Park Koke'e State Park Nā Pali Coast State Park Polihale State Park Russian Fort Elizabeth State Historical Park Wailua River State Park Waimea Canyon State Park Waimea State Recreational Pier Maui Haleki'i - Pihana Heiau State Monument ʻĪao Valley State Monument Kaumahina State Wayside Park Makena State Park Polipoli Spring State Recreation Area Pua'a Ka'a State Wayside Park Wai'anapanapa State Park Wailua Valley State Wayside Park Moloka'i Pala'au State Park O'ahu Ahupua'a O Kahana State Park ' Aiea Bay State Recreation Area Diamond Head State Monument Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve He'eia State Park ' Iolani Palace State Monument Ka'ena Point State Park Kaiwi State Scenic Shoreline Kaka'ako Waterfront Park Kea'iwa Heiau State Recreation Area Kewalo Basin Kukaniloko Birthstones State Monument La'ie Point State Wayside Makapu'u Point State Wayside Malaekahana State Recreation Area Nu'uanu Pali State Wayside Pu'u o Mahuka Heiau State Monument Pu'u ' Ualaka'a State Wayside Queen Emma Summer Palace Royal Mausoleum State Monument Sacred Falls State Park Sand Island State Recreation Area Ulupo Heiau State Historic Site Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area Wahiawa Freshwater State Recreation Area Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources National parks of the United States Acadia American Samoa Arches Badlands Big Bend Biscayne Black Canyon of the Gunnison Bryce Canyon Canyonlands Capitol Reef Carlsbad Caverns Channel Islands Congaree Crater Lake Cuyahoga Valley Death Valley Denali Dry Tortugas Everglades Gates of the Arctic Gateway Arch Glacier Glacier Bay Grand Canyon Grand Teton Great Basin Great Sand Dunes Great Smoky Mountains Guadalupe Mountains Haleakalā Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Hot Springs Isle Royale Joshua Tree Katmai Kenai Fjords Kings Canyon Kobuk Valley Lake Clark Lassen Volcanic Mammoth Cave Mesa Verde Mount Rainier North Cascades Olympic Petrified Forest Pinnacles Redwood Rocky Mountain Saguaro Sequoia Shenandoah Theodore Roosevelt Virgin Islands Voyageurs Wind Cave Wrangell -- St. Elias Yellowstone Yosemite Zion List of national parks of the United States ( by elevation ) World Heritage Sites in the United States Northeast Independence Hall Statue of Liberty Midwest Cahokia South Everglades Great Smoky Mountains Mammoth Cave Monticello and the University of Virginia Poverty Point San Antonio Missions West Carlsbad Caverns Chaco Culture National Historical Park Grand Canyon National Park Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Kluane - Wrangell -- St. Elias - Glacier Bay - Tatshenshini - Alsek Mesa Verde Olympic National Park Pueblo de Taos Papahānaumokuākea Redwood Waterton - Glacier International Peace Park Yellowstone National Park Yosemite National Park Territories La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site Shared with Canada GND : 4289892 - 4 ISNI : 0000 0004 1794 4593 NARA : 10045403 VIAF : 154981137 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Hawaiʻi_Volcanoes_National_Park&oldid = 846167669 '' Categories : IUCN Category II Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Protected areas of Hawaii ( island ) National parks in Hawaii Geology museums in Hawaii Museums in Hawaii County, Hawaii Archaeological sites in Hawaii Protected areas established in 1916 World Heritage Sites in the United States Historic American Engineering Record in Hawaii Historic American Buildings Survey in Hawaii 1916 establishments in Hawaii Hidden categories : CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008 All articles containing potentially dated statements Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 29 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 June 2018, at 20 : 21 ( UTC ). 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Question: when was the hawaii volcanoes national park established
Answer: August 1, 1916