Rajendra Chola I - Wikipedia Rajendra Chola I `` Rajendra Chola '' redirects here. For Rajendra Chola II, see Rajendra Chola II. Rajendra Chola I Parakesari, Yuddhamalla, Mummudi, Gangai Kondan, Kadaram Kondan Sculpture of Rajendra I Reign c. 1014 -- c. 1044 CE Predecessor Rajaraja I Successor Rajadhiraja Chola I 1044 CE Consort Tribhuvana Mahadeviyar Pancavan Madeviyar Viramadevi Issue Rajadhiraja Chola I Rajendra Chola II Virarajendra Chola Arulmolinangayar Ammangadevi Dynasty Chola Dynasty Father Rajaraja Chola Mother Thiripuvana Madeviyar Religion Shaivism List of Chola kings and emperors Early Cholas Ellalan Kulakkottan Ilamchetchenni Karikala Nedunkilli Nalankilli Killivalavan Kopperuncholan Kochchenganan Perunarkilli Interregnum ( c. 200 -- c. 848 ) Medieval Cholas Vijayalaya 848 -- 891 ( ? ) Aditya I 891 -- 907 Parantaka I 907 -- 950 Gandaraditya 950 -- 957 Arinjaya 956 -- 957 Sundara ( Parantaka II ) 957 -- 970 Aditya II ( co-regent ) Uttama 970 -- 985 Rajaraja I 985 -- 1014 Rajendra I 1012 -- 1044 Rajadhiraja 1044 -- 1054 Rajendra II 1054 -- 1063 Virarajendra 1063 -- 1070 Athirajendra 1070 -- 1070 Later Cholas Kulothunga I 1070 -- 1120 Vikrama 1118 -- 1135 Kulothunga II 1133 -- 1150 Rajaraja II 1146 -- 1173 Rajadhiraja II 1166 -- 1178 Kulothunga III 1178 -- 1218 Rajaraja III 1216 -- 1256 Rajendra III 1246 -- 1279 Related dynasties Telugu Cholas of Andhra Chodagangas of Kalinga Rajahnate of Cebu Chola society Chola government Chola military Chola Navy Chola art Chola literature Flag of Chola Great Living Chola Temples Solesvara Temples Poompuhar Uraiyur Melakadambur Gangaikonda Cholapuram Thanjavur Tiruvarur Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE. He is considered as one of the greatest emperors of India. During his reign, he extended the influence of the Chola empire to the banks of the river Ganga in North India and across the Indian ocean to the West, making the Chola Empire one of the most powerful empires of India. Rajendra 's conquests included Sri Lanka, Maldives, and he successfully invaded the territories of Srivijaya in Malaysia, Southern Thailand and Indonesia in South East Asia. The Cholas exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar, and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital city called Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Contents 1 Early life and ascension 2 Military conquests 2.1 Early campaigns 2.2 Conquest of Sri Lanka 2.3 Pandyas and Cheras 2.4 Chalukyan conflict 2.5 Expedition to the Ganges 2.6 South East Asian expedition 3 Work and legacy 4 Personal life and family 5 Inscriptions 6 Popular culture 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading Early life and ascension Rajendra Chola I was the son of Rajaraja Chola and Thiripuvana Madeviyar, princess of Kodumbalur. He was born on Thiruvathirai in the Tamil month of Aadi. He was originally called Maduranthagan. He spent most of his childhood in Palayarai and was brought up by his aunt Kundavai and great - grandmother Sembian Madevi. He was made the co-regent in 1012 CE. Rajendra formally ascended the Chola throne in 1014 CE. In 1018 CE, he installed his eldest son Rajadhiraja Chola I as the crown prince. Military conquests Early campaigns Rajendra led campaigns from 1002 CE. These include the conquest of the Rashtrakutas and the campaigns against the Western Chalukyas. He conquered the Chalukyan territories of Yedatore ( a large part of the Raichur district between the Krishna and the Tungabhadra ), Banavasi in the north - west of Mysore and capital Manyakheta. Rajendra erected a Siva temple at Bhatkal. In 1004 CE, he captured Talakad and overthrew the Western Ganga dynasty which had ruled over Mysore for almost 1000 years. He also conquered Kollipakkai, located to the north of Hyderabad in present - day Telangana. An excerpt from an inscription in Tamil from Kolar states : In the 8th year of the reign of Kopparakesarivanmar sri Rajendra Sola Deva, who, while the goddess of Fortune, having become constant, increased, and while the goddess of the great Earth, the goddess of victory in battle and the matchless goddess of Fame, having become his great queens, rejoiced - that in his extended lifetime, conquered with his great war - like army Idaiturai - nadu, Vanavasi shut in by a fence of continuous forests ; Kollipakkai, whose walls were surrounded by sulli trees ; Mannaikkadakkam whose fortification was unapproachable. Conquest of Sri Lanka Main article : Chola occupation of Sri Lanka ( 993 - 1077 ) Inscription dated to 1100 CE Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka Raja Raja Chola I conquered the northern half of Sri Lanka during his reign. Rajendra invaded Ceylon in 1017 CE and annexed the entire island. As a result of the campaign, Rajendra captured the regal jewels of the Pandyas, which Parantaka I tried to capture and the crown of the Sinhala king. The Sinhala king Mahinda V was taken prisoner and transported to the Chola country. Pandyas and Cheras In 1018 CE, Rajendra marched across the Pandya and Chera kingdoms referred in the Tamil Copper - plate inscriptions. The territories were already conquered during the reign of Raja Raja I. Rajendra appointed one of his sons as viceroy with the title Jatavarman Sundara Chola - Pandya with Madurai as the headquarters. Chalukyan conflict In 1015 CE, Jayasimha II became the king of Western Chalukyas. He tried to recover the losses suffered by his predecessor Satyashraya, who fled his capital and was later restored to the throne by Raja Raja I as a tribute paying subordinate. Initially, Jayasimha II was successful as Rajendra was busy with his campaigns in Sri Lanka. In 1021 CE, after the demise of the Eastern Chalukyan king Vimaladitya of Vengi, Jayasimha supported the claim of Vijayaditya VII to the throne against the claims of Rajaraja Narendra. Rajaraja Narendra was the son of Vimaladitya and Chola princess Kundavai. Rajendra helped his nephew Rajaraja defeat Vijayaditya. His armies defeated Vijayadiya in Vengi and Jayasimha in the battle of Maski. Gangaikonda Cholapuram was built by Rajendra Chola to celebrate his success in the Ganges Expedition Brihadeeswarar temple inscription reading `` Gangaikondacholan '' Expedition to the Ganges Main article : Chola expedition to North India In 1019 CE, Rajendra 's forces marched through Kalinga towards the river Ganga. In Kalinga the Chola forces defeated Indraratha the ruler of the Somavamsi Dynasty. The Chola army eventually reached the Pala kingdom of Bengal where they defeated Mahipala. The Chola army also defeated the last ruler of the Kamboja Pala dynasty Dharmapala of Dandabhukti. The Chola army went on to raid East Bengal and defeated Govindachandra of the Chandra dynasty and invaded Bastar region. The territories held the status of tribute paying subordinates and trade partners with the Chola Kingdom, an arrangement that lasted till the times of Kulothunga III. He constructed a new capital at Gangaikondacholapuram and built the Brihadeeswarar Temple similar to the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur. Rajendra Chola 's Territories c. 1030 CE South East Asian expedition Main article : Chola invasion of Srivijaya Main article : South - East Asia campaign of Rajendra Chola I Srivijaya was a kingdom centered on Palembang in Sumatra, ruled by the Sailendra dynasty. During the reign of Mara Vijayatungavarman, Srivijaya had good relations with the Chola Empire during the reign of Rajaraja Chola I ; Mara Vijayatungavarman built a Chudamani Vihara at Nagapattinam. Mara was succeeded by Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman. Khmer Emperor Suryavarman I made war on the kingdom of Tambralinga ( in the Malay Peninsula ). Suryavarman I requested aid from Rajendra. After learning of Suryavarman 's alliance with Rajendra Chola, Tambralinga requested aid from Srivijaya, which was granted by Sangrama. This eventually led to the Chola expedition against the Srivijiya Empire. This alliance somewhat also had a religious nuance, since both the Chola Empire and the Khmer Empire were Hindu Shivaist, while Tambralinga and Srivijaya were Mahayana Buddhist. In 1025 CE, Rajendra led Chola forces across the Indian Ocean and invaded Srivijaya, attacking several places in Malaysia and Indonesia. The Chola sacked Kadaram ( the capital ) and Pannai in Sumatra and Malaiyur in the Malay Peninsula. Rajendra also invaded Tambralinga and the Langkasuka Kingdom in modern Malaysia and south Thailand. The Chola forces captured the last ruler of the Sailendra Dynasty Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman. The Chola invasion was the end of Srivijaya. Srivijaya 's maritime power declined under Chola attack. After this the Chola Empire conquered large portions of Srivijaya, including its ports of Ligor, Kedah, and Tumasik ( now Singapore ). The Chola invasion furthered the expansion of Tamil merchant associations such as the Manigramam, Ayyavole, and Ainnurruvar into Southeast Asia. For the next century, Tamil trading companies from southern India dominated Southeast Asia. The expedition of Rajendra Chola I is mentioned in the corrupted form as Raja Chulan in the medieval Malay chronicle Sejarah Melaya, and Malay princes have names ending with Cholan or Chulan, such as Raja Chulan of Perak. One record of Rajendra Chola describes him as the King of Lamuri in north Sumatra. The Chola invasion led to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya and the Chola invasion also coincides with the return voyage of the great Buddhist scholar Atiśa from Sumatra to India in 1025. Work and legacy See also : List of Chola Temples in Bangalore Rajendra Chola in Battle, Kolaramma Temple, Kolar Stone sculpture with Tamil Inscription, Chokkanathaswamy temple, Bengaluru built in 10th century AD Tamil Inscription at Chokkanathaswamy temple Rajendra Chola built a vast artificial lake, sixteen miles long and three miles wide which was one of the largest man - made lakes in India. The fortified capital of Rajendra Chola was of impressive grandeur and Ottakoothar states, On seeing Gangapuri, all fourteen worlds encircled by the billowing ocean are overwhelmed with joy. The extent of the empire was the widest in India and the military and naval prestige was at its highest. The successful invasions of Rajendra Chola were applauded by several medieval Tamil poets like Jayamkondan in his text Kalingattupparani and Ottakkoothar in his text Ula. After his successful campaign to Ganges river in north India he got the title Gangaikonda Chola ( The Chola who took the Ganges river ). And after his successful Southeast Asian campaign he got the title `` Kadaram Kondan '' ( He who took Kedah in Malaysia ). He founded a new capital city called Gangaikonda Cholapuram and built a Shiva temple similar to the Thanjavur Brihadisvara temple built by his father Rajaraja Chola. He expanded the Pathirakali Amman Temple and Koneswaram temple of Trincomalee. He inherited the title Mummudi Cholan ( Chola with three crowns ) from his father with Mummudi, a title used by Tamil kings who ruled the three kingdoms of Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras. To commemorate his conquests, Rajendra assumed other titles such as Mudigonda Cholan and Irattapadikonda Cholan. The Malay - language Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain was written about Alexander the Great as Dhul - Qarnayn and from it the ancestry of several Southeast Asian royal families is traced to Iskandar Zulkarnain, through Rajendra Chola ( Raja Suran, Raja Chola ) in the Malay Annals, such as the Sumatran Minangkabau royalty. Personal life and family Rajendra Chola had many consorts including Tribuvana or Vanavan Mahadeviar, Mukkokilan, Panchavan Mahadevi, Arindhavan Madevi and Viramadevi who committed sati on Rajendra 's death. The Siddanta Saravali of Trilochana Sivacharya who was a contemporary of Kulothunga III states that Rajendra was a poet and he composed hymns in praise of Shiva. Rajendra had three sons namely Rajadhiraja Chola, Rajendra Chola II and Virarajendra Chola, who followed him on the Chola throne in succession. He had two daughters Pranaar Arul Mozhi Nangai and Ammanga Devi. His campaigns were led by general Senapati Narakkan Sri Krishnan Raman. Inscriptions An inscription of the king from the Adhipuriswara temple in Chingleput district gives his natal star as Tiruvadarai. Donations were made to the temple to celebrate the king 's birthday in the month of Maargali. Another inscription from the Umamahesvara temple in Konerirajapuram, Thanjavur district refers to the donations by Alvar Parantakan Kundavai - Pirattiyar during the third year of the king 's reign. Popular Culture India 's navy training ship TS Rajendra was named in his honour. Vengayin Maindhan by Akilan covers the life and achievements of Rajendra Chola Gangapuri Kavalan by Vembu Vikiraman in which Rajendra Chola is the protagonist Mannan Magal by Sandilyan set in the period of Rajendra Chola Gangai Konda Cholan by Balakumaran Ulagam Vendra Cholan by Bharathika the state of Maharashtra proposed to dedicate Rajendra Chola 's portrait to Mazgon Docks See also List of Tamil monarchs References Jump up ^ Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa : Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. 170 Jump up ^ `` Culture causerati forget a 1000yr milestone ''. telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014. Jump up ^ `` Sculptures of Shiva in temples of South India ''. lakshmisharath.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015. Jump up ^ Sen, Sailendra ( 2013 ). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 46 -- 49. ISBN 978 - 9 - 38060 - 734 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India by Moti Chandra p. 213 Jump up ^ Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India by Jaswant Lal Mehta p. 37 Jump up ^ Power and Plenty : Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium by Ronald Findlay, Kevin H. O'Rourke p. 67 Jump up ^ Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa : An Encyclopedia by Andrea L. Stanton, Edward Ramsamy, Peter J. Seybolt, Carolyn M. Elliott p. 18 ^ Jump up to : The Sea and Civilization : A Maritime History of the World by Lincoln Paine p. 866 ^ Jump up to : See Sastri, K.A.N., A History of South India, p165 Jump up ^ Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, page 32 Jump up ^ Indian History with Objective Questions and Historical Maps Twenty - Sixth Edition 2010, South India page 59 ^ Jump up to : See Sastri, K.A.N., A History of South India, p166 Jump up ^ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, page 70 Jump up ^ Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta ( 2000 ) ( 1935 ). The Cōlas. Madras : University of Madras. p. 208 Jump up ^ Ancient Indian History and Civilization by Sailendra Nath Sen p. 281 Jump up ^ West Bengal District Gazetteers : Nadīa p. 63 Jump up ^ The Cambridge Shorter History of India p. 145 Jump up ^ Dimensions of Human Cultures in Central India by Professor S.K. Tiwari p. 161 Jump up ^ See Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. ( 1935 ). The CōĻas, pp 209 -- 212. Sastri bases his argument on the fact that these regions were not included in the inscriptions of his successors, though successive Chola Kings from Rajaraja I to Kulothunga III have assumed titles as ' Kings who conquered Ilam ', reinforcing the fact that off and on, rebellions were being quelled and Chola authority on the island of ' Ilangai ' was maintained, despite a later king of Lanka sending an embassy to the Chola adversary Vikramaditya VI of the Chalukya dynasty, subsequent to which another expedition to Ilangai caused the Sinhala king to flee to Rohana hills on the South Coast of that country. ^ Jump up to : Kenneth R. Hall ( October 1975 ), `` Khmer Commercial Development and Foreign Contacts under Sūryavarman I '', Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 18 ( 3 ), pp. 318 - 336, Brill Publishers Jump up ^ Munoz, Paul Michel. Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula p. 158 - 159 Jump up ^ * Majumdar, R.C. ( 1961 ). `` The Overseas Expeditions of King Rājendra Chola '', Artibus Asiae 24 ( 3 / 4 ), pp. 338 -- 342. Artibus Asiae Publishers. Jump up ^ Coedès, George ( 1968 ). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 142 -- 143. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8248 - 0368 - 1. Jump up ^ Andaya, Leonard Y. Leaves of the Same Tree : Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka p. 35 Jump up ^ Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, page 41 Jump up ^ Kulke, Hermann ; Kesavapany, K. ; Sakhuja, Vijay. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa : Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia p. 230 ^ Jump up to : Abshire, Jean. The History of Singapore p. 17 ^ Jump up to : Murfett, Malcolm H. ; Miksic, John ; Farell, Brian ; Chiang, Ming Shun. Between Two Oceans : A Military History of Singapore from 1275 to 1971 p. 16 ^ Jump up to : Sar Desai, D.R. Southeast Asia : Past and Present p. 43 Jump up ^ Munoz, p. 161 Jump up ^ Sen, Tansen. Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade : The Realignment of Sino - Indian Relations 600 - 1400 p. 159 Jump up ^ Findlay, Ronald ; O'Rourke, Kevin H. Power and Plenty : Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium p. 69 Jump up ^ Wink, André. Al - Hind, the Making of the Indo - Islamic World : Early Medieval India and the expansion of Islam 7th - 11 centuries p. 325 Jump up ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath. Ancient Indian History and Civilization p. 564 Jump up ^ Gunn, Geoffrey C. History Without Borders : The Making of an Asian World Region, 1000 - 1800 p. 43 Jump up ^ Kulke, Hermann ; Kesavapany, K. ; Sakhuja, Vijay. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa : Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia p. 71 Jump up ^ Sen, Tansen. Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade : The Realignment of Sino - Indian Relations p. 226 Jump up ^ Kalyanaraman, A. Aryatarangini, the Saga of the Indo - Aryans p. 158 Jump up ^ Singam, S. Durai Raja. India and Malaya Through the Ages Jump up ^ Wink, André. Al - Hind : The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest p. 326 Jump up ^ Atisa and Tibet : Life and Works of Dipamkara Srijnana by Alaka Chattopadhyaya p. 91 Jump up ^ Rice, Benjamin Lewis ( 1994 ). Epigraphia Carnatica : Volume X : Inscriptions in the Kolar District. Mangalore, British India : Department of Archeology, Mysore State. Retrieved 4 August 2015. ^ Jump up to : Art of the Imperial Cholas by Vidya Dehejia : p. 79 Jump up ^ See Schmidt, K, p32 Jump up ^ Kulke, Hermann ; Rothermund, Dietmar ( 1998 ). A history of India. Routledge. p. 109. ISBN 0 - 415 - 15482 - 0. ^ Jump up to : Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa : Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to. Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja p. 170 Jump up ^ Temples of South India by V.V. Subba Reddy p. 118 Jump up ^ Balai Seni Lukis Negara ( Malaysia ) ( 1999 ). Seni dan nasionalisme : dulu & kini. Balai Seni Lukis Negara. Jump up ^ John N. Miksic ( 30 September 2013 ). Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800. NUS Press. pp. 147 --. ISBN 978 - 9971 - 69 - 574 - 3. Jump up ^ Marie - Sybille de Vienne ( 9 March 2015 ). Brunei : From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century. NUS Press. pp. 47 --. ISBN 978 - 9971 - 69 - 818 - 8. Jump up ^ South Indian shrines : illustrated, page 53 Jump up ^ Śrīnidhiḥ : perspectives in Indian archaeology, art, and culture : Shri K.R. Srinivasan festschrift, page 358 Jump up ^ S.R. Balasubrahmanyam. Middle Chola Temples : Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I, A.D. 985 - 1070. Thomson Press ( India ), 1975 - Hindu temples - 424 pages. p. 301. Jump up ^ S.R. Balasubrahmanyam. Middle Chola Temples : Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I, A.D. 985 - 1070. Thomson Press ( India ), 1975. p. 269. Jump up ^ `` Press release, President address ''. Government of India. Retrieved 1 June 2016. Jump up ^ `` Rajendra Chola : Maharashtra to dedicate Tamil emperor Rajendra Chola 's portrait to Mazgon Docks ''. The Times of India. 2016 - 09 - 29. Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 11. Further reading Schmidt, Karl Ludwig ( 1997 ). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History ( Sources and Studies in World History ). Armonk, N.Y : M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1 - 56324 - 334 - 2. R. Hall, Kenneth ( October 1975 ). Khmer Commercial Development and Foreign Contacts under Sūryavarman I, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 18 ( 3 ), pp. 318 -- 336. Brill Publishers Śrīnidhiḥ : perspectives in Indian archaeology, art, and culture by K.R. Srinivasan, K.V. Raman Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rajendra Chola I. Preceded by Rajaraja Chola I Chola dynasty 1012 -- 1044 CE Succeeded by Rajadhiraja Chola Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajendra_Chola_I&oldid=830295190 '' Categories : Chola kings 1040s deaths 11th - century Indian monarchs Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from March 2017 Use Indian English from March 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from March 2018 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Year of birth unknown Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Русский संस्कृतम् Simple English தமிழ் Українська Tiếng Việt 6 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 March 2018, at 23 : 15. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: who was the chola king to have conquered bengal
Answer: Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I