Musa ( genus ) - wikipedia Musa ( genus ) For other uses, see Musa. This article is about the botanical genus. For cultivated plants, see Banana. Musa Banana plants, Kanaha Beach, Maui Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae ( unranked ) : Angiosperms ( unranked ) : Monocots ( unranked ) : Commelinids Order : Zingiberales Family : Musaceae Genus : Musa L. Species Around 70, see text. Musa is one of two or three genera in the family Musaceae ; it includes bananas and plantains. Around 70 species of Musa are known, with a broad variety of uses. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent `` stem '' is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbs. Musa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the giant leopard moth and other Hypercompe species, including H. albescens ( only recorded on Musa ), H. eridanus, and H. icasia. Contents 1 Systematics and taxonomy 1.1 History 1.2 Sections 1.3 Species 1.3. 1 Section Callimusa ( incorporating Australimusa ) 1.3. 2 Section Ingentimusa 1.3. 3 Section Musa ( incorporating Rhodochlamys ) 1.3. 4 Section undetermined or unknown 1.3. 5 Formerly placed here 2 Cultivated bananas 2.1 Section Musa cultivars 2.2 Fe'i - type cultivars 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Systematics and taxonomy History The genus Musa was first named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The name is a Latinization of the Arabic name for the fruit, mauz ( موز ). Mauz meaning Musa is discussed in the 11th - century Arabic encyclopedia The Canon of Medicine, which was translated to Latin in medieval times and well known in Europe. Muz is also the Turkish and Persian name for the fruit. Some sources assert that Musa is named for Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus. The word `` banana '' came to English from Spanish and Portuguese, which in turn apparently obtained it from a West African language ( possibly Wolof ). From the time of Linnaeus until the 1940s, different types of edible bananas and plantains were given Linnaean binomial names, such as Musa cavendishii, as if they were species. In fact, edible bananas have an extremely complicated origin involving hybridization, mutation, and finally selection by humans. Most edible bananas are seedless ( parthenocarpic ), hence sterile, so they are propagated vegetatively. The giving of species names to what are actually very complex, largely asexual, hybrids ( mostly of two species of wild bananas, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana ) led to endless confusion in banana botany. In the 1940s and 1950s, it became clear to botanists that the cultivated bananas and plantains could not usefully be assigned Linnean binomials, but were better given cultivar names. Food served on a banana leaf, a traditional way of serving food more popular in southern India Sections Ernest Entwistle Cheesman carried out a major revision of the Musaceae in the 1940s. Following his approach, the genus Musa was divided into five sections : Ingentimusa, Australimusa, Callimusa, Musa, and Rhodochlamys. These were reduced to three in 2002. Previously, the 2n = 20 - chromosome species were separated into the sections Australimusa and Callimusa and the 2n = 22 - chromosome species were separated into the sections Musa and Rhodochlamys. Studies have shown that genetic differences between each section in the same chromosome group are smaller than those within each section. This means the traditional separation of the sections can no longer be substantiated. Wong 's studies do, however, maintain the separation between the 20 - and 22 - chromosome species. At present, the 2n = 14 chromosome Ingentimusa section also remains distinct. Species The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 68 species and two primary hybrids, as of January 2013, which are listed below. The assignment to sections is based on GRIN ( where this gives the species ), regrouped according to Wong et al. Section Callimusa ( incorporating Australimusa ) Fruit stalk of Musa sp. Banana flowers ( A ) and ( C ) indicate known placement in the former sections Australimusa and Callimusa, respectively. M. × alinsanaya R.V. Valmayor ( A ) M. azizii Häkkinen M. barioensis Häkkinen M. bauensis Häkkinen & Meekiong ( C ) M. beccarii N.W. Simmonds ( A ) M. boman Argent ( A ) M. borneensis Becc. ( C ) M. bukensis Argent ( A ) M. campestris Becc. ( C ) M. coccinea Andrews ( C ) -- scarlet banana M. exotica R.V. Valmayor ( C ) M. fitzalanii F. Muell. ( A ) -- extinct M. gracilis Holttum ( C ) M. hirta Becc. ( A ) M. insularimontana Hayata ( A ) M. jackeyi W. Hill ( A ) M. johnsii Argent ( A ) M. lawitiensis Nasution & Supard. ( C ) M. lokok Geri & Ng M. lolodensis Cheesman ( A ) M. maclayi F. Muell. ex Mikl. - Maclay ( A ) M. monticola M. Hotta ex Argent ( A ) M. muluensis M. Hotta ( A ) M. paracoccinea A.Z. Liu & D.Z. Li ( C ) M. peekelii Lauterb. ( A ) M. salaccensis Zoll. ex Backer ( A ) M. textilis Née ( A ) -- Abacá M. × troglodytarum L. ( A ) -- the cultivated Fe'i bananas M. tuberculata M. Hotta ( A ) M. violascens Ridl. ( C ) M. viridis R.V. Valmayor et al. M. voonii Häkkinen Section Ingentimusa M. ingens N.W. Simmonds Section Musa ( incorporating Rhodochlamys ) Musa acuminata with inflorescence Japanese fiber banana ( Musa basjoo ) flowering at Cotswold Wildlife Park Musa ornata ' Roxburgh ' in China Pink banana ( Musa velutina ) flower M. acuminata Colla -- wild seeded banana, one of the two main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars M acuminata ssp. zebrina ( = M. sumatrana ) -- blood banana M. aurantiaca G. Mann ex Baker M. balbisiana Colla -- wild seeded banana, one of the two main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars M. banksii F. Muell. M. basjoo Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma -- Japanese fiber banana, hardy banana M. cheesmanii N.W. Simmonds M. chunii Häkkinen M. griersonii Noltie M. itinerans Cheesman M. laterita Cheesman M. mannii H. Wendl. ex Baker M. nagensium Prain M. ochracea K. Sheph. M. ornata Roxb. Musa × paradisiaca L. = M. acuminata × M. balbisiana -- many of the cultivated edible bananas M. rosea Baker M. rubinea Häkkinen & C.H. Teo M. rubra Wall. ex Kurz M. sanguinea Hook. f. M. schizocarpa N.W. Simmonds M. siamensis Häkkinen & Rich. H. Wallace M. sikkimensis Kurz M. thomsonii ( King ex Baker ) A.M. Cowan & Cowan M. velutina H. Wendl. & Drude -- pink banana M. yunnanensis Häkkinen & H. Wang -- Yunnan banana, wild forest banana M. zaifui Häkkinen & H. Wang Section undetermined or unknown Varigated form of Musa sp. Musa sp. M. arfakiana Argent M. celebica Warb. ex K. Schum. M. juwiniana Meekiong M. kattuvazhana K.C. Jacob M. lanceolata Warb. ex K. Schum. M. lutea R.V. Valmayor et al. M. sakaiana Meekiong et al. M. shankarii Subba Rao & Kumari M. splendida A. Chev. M. tonkinensis R.V. Valmayor et al. M. yamiensis C.L. Yeh & J.H. Chen Formerly placed here Ensete davyae ( Stapf ) Cheesman ( as M. davyae Stapf ) Ensete gilletii ( De Wild. ) Cheesman ( as M. gilletii De Wild. or M. martretiana A. Chev. ) Ensete glaucum ( Roxb. ) Cheesman ( as M. glauca Roxb. ) Ensete lasiocarpum ( Franch. ) Cheesman ( as M. lasiocarpa Franch. ) -- also placed in a separate genus as Musella lasiocarpa ( Franch. ) C.Y. Wu ex H.W. Li Ensete livingstoniana ( J. Kirk ) Cheesman ( as M. livingstoniana J. Kirk ) Ensete perrieri ( Stapf ) Cheesman ( as M. perrieri Claverie ) Ensete superbum ( Roxb. ) Cheesman ( as M. superba Roxb. ) Ensete ventricosum ( Welw. ) Cheesman ( as M. arnoldiana De Wild., M. ensete J.F. Gmel. or M. ventricosum ( Welw. ) Cheesman ) Heliconia bihai ( L. ) L. ( as M. bihai L. ) Cultivated bananas Main articles : Banana and Plantain ( cooking ) Left to right : plantains, red bananas, latundan, and Cavendish bananas A number of distinct groups of plants bearing edible fruit have been developed from species of Musa. In English, fruits which are sweet and used for dessert are usually called `` bananas '', whereas starchier varieties used for cooking are called `` plantains '', but these terms do not have any botanical significance. By far the largest and now the most widely distributed group of cultivated bananas is derived from section Musa, particularly M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, either alone or in various hybrid combinations. The next but much smaller group is derived from members of section Callimusa ( previously classified as Australimusa ) and is restricted in importance to Polynesia. Of even more restricted importance are small groups of hybrids from Papua New Guinea ; a group from section Musa to which Musa schizocarpa has also contributed, and a group of hybrids between section Musa and section Callimusa. Section Musa cultivars When the Linnaean binomial system was abandoned for cultivated bananas, an alternate genome - based system for the nomenclature of edible bananas in section Musa was devised. Thus, the plant previously known by the `` species '' name Musa cavendishii became Musa ( AAA Group ) ' Dwarf Cavendish '. The `` new '' name shows clearly that ' Dwarf Cavendish ' is a triploid, with three sets of chromosomes, all derived from Musa acuminata, which is designated by the letter `` A ''. When Musa balbisiana is involved, the letter `` B '' is used to denote its genome. Thus, the cultivar ' Rajapuri ' may be called Musa ( AAB Group ) ' Rajapuri '. ' Rajapuri ' is also a triploid, expected to have two sets of chromosomes from Musa acuminata and one from Musa balbisiana. In the genome of edible bananas from section Musa, combinations such as AA, BB, ABB, BBB and even AAAB can be found. For a more detailed explanation of this system and a list of some edible banana and plantain cultivars using it, see the List of banana cultivars. Fe'i - type cultivars Main article : Fe'i banana No such nomenclature system has been developed for the group of edible bananas derived from section Callimusa. This group is known generally as the `` Fe'i '' or `` Fehi '' bananas, and numerous cultivars are found in the South Pacific region. They are very distinctive plants with upright fruit bunches, featuring in three of Paul Gauguin 's paintings. The flesh can be cooked before eating and is bright orange, with a high level of beta carotene. Fe'i bananas are no longer very important for food, as imported foods have grown in popularity, although some have ritual significance. Investigations are under way to use the Fe'i karat bananas ( the name derives from `` carrot '' due to the intense orange - yellow color of the fruit ) in prevention of childhood blindness in Pohnpei. Fe'i bananas probably derive mainly from Musa maclayi, although their origins are not as well understood as the section Musa bananas. Cultivars can be formally named, as e.g. Musa ( Fe'i Group ) ' Utafun '. See also Banana Ensete ( false bananas ) ; for more information about Musella, also see Ensete Plantain Notes Jump up ^ Arabic Mauz meaning Musa or banana is in the medieval Arabic medical encyclopedia by Avicenna, which is online at Avicenna : Book Two. See also `` Musa '' at Dictionary.Reference.com. See also Musacées in Dictionnaire Étymologique Des Mots Français D'Origine Orientale, by L. Marcel Devic ( year 1876 ). Jump up ^ Musa beccarii is reported as having a haploid chromosome number of 9 or 10, the latter due to multivalent formation during meiosis. Although genetically it nestles comfortably within section Callimusa the chromosome number needs clarification. Jump up ^ Musa basjoo is the most cold hardy species of Musa, growing and fruiting successfully in outdoor cultivation in the British Isles and British Columbia. References Jump up ^ GRIN ( 2009 - 02 - 19 ). `` Genus : Musa L ''. Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland : USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Musa ''. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 10. Jump up ^ Bailey, Liberty Hyde ( 1914 -- 1917 ). The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Vol. 4... New York : Macmillan. OCLC 2768915... Pp. 2076 -- 9. Jump up ^ `` Banana '' at Dictionary.Reference.com. ^ Jump up to : Wong, C. ; Kiew, R. ; Argent, G. ; Set, O. ; Lee, S.K. & Gan, Y.Y. ( 2002 ). `` Assessment of the Validity of the Sections in Musa ( Musaceae ) using ALFP ''. Annals of Botany. 90 ( 2 ) : 231 -- 238. doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcf170. Jump up ^ Search for `` Musa ''. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 10. Jump up ^ GRIN ( 2009 - 02 - 19 ). `` Species in GRIN for genus Musa ''. Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland : USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Archived from the original on 2012 - 12 - 12. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 06. Jump up ^ Office of the Gene Technology Regulator ( 2008 ). The Biology of Musa L. ( banana ) ( PDF ). Australian Government. Jump up ^ `` Ensete lasiocarpum ''. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 10. Jump up ^ Coghlan, Andy ( 2004 - 07 - 10 ). `` Orange banana to boost kids ' eyes ''. New Scientist. Further reading Constantine, D.R. ( 1999 ) : Musa - an annotated list of the species ( 1 ). Version of 2008 - SEP - 03. Retrieved 2008 - SEP - 03. Hedrick, U.P. ( ed. ) ( 1919 ) : Sturtevant 's Edible Plants of the World. J.B. Lyon Co., Albany. Nelson, S.C. ; Ploetz, R.C. & Kepler, A.K. ( 2006 ) : Musa species ( banana and plantain ). Sharrock, Suzanne ( 2001 ) : Diversity in the genus Musa, focus on Australimusa. INIBAP annual report 2000 : 14 - 19. PDF fulltext External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musa. Wikispecies has information related to Musa Musapedia, page on Musa wild species Musapedia, page on Musa sections Musapedia, page on the diversity of banana cultivars Musa basjoo photos Detailed discussion of bananas Musarama, banana image bank Bananas and plantains Culinary usage Banana beer Banana bread Banana cake Banana chips Banana cue Banana custard Banana flour Bananas Foster Banana fritter Banana ketchup Banana leaf Banana powder Banana pudding Banana split Banana wine Banania Bánh chuối Frozen banana Ginanggang Maruya Matoke Pisang goreng Tonto Turón Related topics Banana equivalent dose Banana paper Banana peel Banana plantation Bananadine BanLec Cooking banana List of banana and plantain diseases List of banana cultivars List of banana dishes Production Banana cultivars Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana, and their hybrid M. × paradisiaca AA Lacatan Lady Finger Señorita AAA Cavendish Dwarf Cavendish Grand Nain Masak Hijau East African Highland bananas Other Gros Michel Red Dacca AAB Iholena Maoli - Popo'ulu Maqueño Popoulu True plantains French Green French Horn Nendran Pink French Tiger Pome Pome Prata - anã Silk Latundan African plantains Others Pisang Seribu Rhino Horn AABB Kalamagol Pisang Awak AB Ney Poovan ABB Blue Java Bluggoe Subgroup Bluggoe Silver Bluggoe Pelipita Pelipia Pilipia Saba Benedetta Cardaba Dippig ABBB Tiparot BBB Kluai Lep Chang Kut Musa section Callimusa Fe'i Karat Utin Iap Taxon identifiers Wd : Q8666090 APDB : 192811 EoL : 44527 EPPO : 1MUBG FloraBase : 22713 FNA : 121345 FoC : 121345 GBIF : 2760990 GRIN : 7876 iNaturalist : 62911 ITIS : 42388 NCBI : 4640 Plantarium : 45852 PLANTS : MUSA2 Tropicos : 40023883 LCCN : sh85011450 GND : 4204384 - 0 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musa_(genus)&oldid=835228787 '' Categories : Musa ( genus ) Zingiberales genera Musaceae Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013 Articles with ' species ' microformats Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2013 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Acèh Alemannisch አማርኛ Аҧсшәа Aragonés Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Boarisch Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Interlingua Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Коми Kreyòl ayisyen Кырык мары Latina Latviešu Lietuvių മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Na Vosa Vakaviti Nederlands Nordfriisk Norsk Occitan Перем Коми Picard Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkmençe Удмурт Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray Žemaitėška 中文 61 more Edit links This page was last edited on 7 April 2018, at 11 : 18. 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Question: plant genus that includes the bananas and plantains
Answer: Musa