Tuberculosis vaccines - wikipedia Tuberculosis vaccines Tuberculosis ( TB ) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch. Today, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is bacilli Calmette - Guérin ( BCG ), first used in 1921. About three out of every 10,000 people who get the vaccine experience side effects, which are usually minor except in severely immuno - depressed individuals. While BCG immunization provides fairly effective protection for infants and young children, ( including defence against TB meningitis and miliary TB ), its efficacy in adults is variable, ranging from 0 % to 80 %. Several variables have been considered as responsible for the varying outcomes. Demand for TB immunotherapy advancement exists because the disease has become increasingly drug - resistant. Other tuberculosis vaccines are at various stages of development, including : MVA85A rBCG30 72F fusion protein ESAT6 - Ag85b fusion protein New vaccines are being developed by the Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, including TBVI and Aeras. Contents 1 Vaccine development 1.1 Divisions 1.2 Sub-unit vaccines 1.3 Delivery alternatives 1.4 Obstacles in development 2 References Vaccine development To promote successful and lasting management of the TB epidemic, effective vaccination is required. Although the World Health Organization ( WHO ) endorses a singular dose of BCG, revaccination with BCG has been standardized in most, but not all countries. However, improved efficacy of multiple dosages has yet to be demonstrated. Divisions New priming vaccine to replace BCG Sub-unit / booster vaccines to supplement BCG Sub-unit vaccines Pre-infection Booster to BCG Post-infection Therapeutic vaccine Since the BCG vaccine does not offer complete protection against TB, vaccines have been designed to bolster BCG 's effectiveness. The industry has now transitioned from developing new alternatives, to selecting the best options currently available to advance into clinical testing. MVA85A is characterized as the `` most advanced ' boost ' candidate '' to date. Delivery alternatives BCG is currently administered intradermally. To improve efficacy, research approaches have been directed at modifying the delivery method of vaccinations. Patients can receive MVA85A intradermally or as an oral aerosol. This particular combination proved to be protective against mycobacterial invasion in animals, and both modes are well tolerated. The design incentive behind aerosol delivery is to target the lungs rapidly, easily and painlessly in contrast to intradermal immunization. In murine studies, intradermal vaccination caused localized inflammation at the site of injection whereas MVA85A did not cause unfavourable effects. A correlation has been found between the mode of delivery and vaccine protection efficacy. Research data suggests aerosol delivery has not only physiological and economic advantages, but also the potential to supplement systemic vaccination. Obstacles in development Treatment and prevention of TB has been delayed compared to the resources and research efforts put into other diseases. Large pharmaceutical companies do not see profitable investment because of TB 's association with the developing world. 2 vaccination are required for tb Progression of vaccine designs relies heavily on outcomes in animal models. Appropriate animal models are scarce because it is difficult to imitate TB in non-human species. It is also challenging finding a species to test on a large - scale. Most animal testing for TB vaccines has been conducted on murine, bovine and non-primate species. Recently, a study deemed zebrafish a potentially suitable model organism for preclinical vaccine development. References ^ Jump up to : Prabowo, S. et al. `` Targeting multidrug - resistant tuberculosis ( MDR - TB ) by therapeutic vaccines. '' Med Microbiol Immunol 202 ( 2013 ) : 95 -- 1041. Print. ^ Jump up to : White, A. et al. `` Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine, MVA85A, Delivered by Aerosol to the Lungs of Macaques. '' Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20 ( 2013 ) : 663 -- 672. Print. ^ Jump up to : Oksanen, K. et al. `` An adult zebrafish model for preclinical tuberculosis vaccinedevelopment. '' Elsevier 31 ( 2013 ) : 5202 -- 5209. Print. ^ Jump up to : Hussey, G, T Hawkridge, and W Hanekom. `` Childhood Tuberculosis : Old And New Vaccines. '' Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 8.2 ( 2007 ) : 148 -- 154. Print. ^ Jump up to : Verma, Indu, and Ajay Grover. `` Antituberculous Vaccine Development : A Perspective For The Endemic World. '' Expert Review of Vaccines 8.11 ( 2009 ) : 1547 -- 1553. Print. ^ Jump up to : Karonga Prevention Trial Group. `` Randomised controlled trial of single BCG, repeated BCG, or combined BCG and killed Mycobacterium leprae vaccine for prevention of leprosy and tuberculosis in Malawi. '' The Lancet 348 ( 1996 ) : 17 -- 24. Print. ^ Jump up to : Tyne, A. et al. `` TLR2 - targeted secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis areprotective as powdered pulmonary vaccines. '' Elsevier 31 ( 2013 ) : 4322 -- 4329. Print. Jump up ^ Tameris, M. et al. `` Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG : a randomised, placebo - controlled phase 2b trial. '' Lancet 381 ( 2013 ) : 1021 -- 1028. Print. 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Secretary of Health and Human Services Alternative vaccination schedule Related Epidemiology Eradication of infectious diseases Every Child by Two List of vaccine topics WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuberculosis_vaccines&oldid=777790330 '' Categories : Tuberculosis vaccines Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 29 April 2017, at 08 : 10. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is the name of the vaccine for tuberculosis
Answer: bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG)