Mont Blanc - wikipedia Mont Blanc This article is about the mountain. For other uses, see Mont Blanc ( disambiguation ). Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) Summit of Mont Blanc and the Bosses ridge Highest point Elevation 4,808 m ( 15,774 ft ) Prominence 4696 m ↓ by Lake Kubenskoye Ranked 11th Isolation 2,812 km → Kukurtlu Parent peak Mount Everest Listing Country high point Ultra Seven Summits Coordinates 45 ° 50 ′ 01 '' N 006 ° 51 ′ 54 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 45.83361 ° N 6.86500 ° E ﻿ / 45.83361 ; 6.86500 Coordinates : 45 ° 50 ′ 01 '' N 006 ° 51 ′ 54 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 45.83361 ° N 6.86500 ° E ﻿ / 45.83361 ; 6.86500 Geography Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) Location Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) ( France ) Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) ( Italy ) Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) Mont Blanc ( French ) Monte Bianco ( Italian ) ( Europe ) Show map of Alps Show map of France Show map of Italy Show map of Europe Show all Location Aosta Valley, Italy Haute - Savoie, France Parent range Graian Alps Climbing First ascent 8 August 1786 by Jacques Balmat Michel - Gabriel Paccard Mont Blanc ( pronounced ( mɔ̃ blɑ̃ ) ; Italian : Monte Bianco ( ˈmonte ˈbjaŋko ) ) meaning `` White Mountain '', is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe west of Russia 's Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808 m ( 15,774 ft ) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The mountain stands in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute - Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for hiking, skiing, and snowboarding. The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy ; and Saint - Gervais - les - Bains and Chamonix in Haute - Savoie, France. The latter town was the site of the first Winter Olympics. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. The 11 - km ( 71⁄4 - mi ) Mont Blanc Tunnel, constructed between 1957 and 1965, runs beneath the mountain and is a major trans - Alpine transport route. Contents 1 History 1.1 Ownership of the summit 1.2 Vallot 1.3 Janssen observatory 1.4 Air crashes 1.5 Tunnel 1.5. 1 1999 disaster 1.6 Incidents involving children 2 Elevation 3 Climbing routes on the Tour Du Mont Blanc 4 Refuges 4.1 Impacts of climate change 5 Exploits and incidents 6 Cultural references 6.1 Cinema and television 6.2 Literature 7 Protection 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links History Mont Blanc seen from the Rébuffat platform on Aiguille du Midi Mont Blanc from the TMB The first recorded ascent of Mont Blanc was on 8 August 1786 by Jacques Balmat and the doctor Michel Paccard. This climb, initiated by Horace - Bénédict de Saussure, who gave a reward for the successful ascent, traditionally marks the start of modern mountaineering. The first woman to reach the summit was Marie Paradis in 1808. Nowadays the summit is ascended by an average of 20,000 mountaineer - tourists each year. It could be considered a technically easy, yet arduous, ascent for someone who is well - trained and acclimatized to the altitude. From l'Aiguille du Midi ( where the cable car stops ), Mont Blanc seems quite close, being 1,000 m ( 3,300 ft ) higher. But while the peak seems deceptively close, La Voie des 3 Monts route ( known to be more technical and challenging than other more commonly used routes ) requires much ascent over two other 4,000 - m mountains, Mont Blanc du Tacul and Mont Maudit, before the final section of the climb is reached and the last 1000 - m push to the summit is undertaken. Each year climbing deaths occur on Mont Blanc, and on the busiest weekends, normally around August, the local rescue service performs an average of 12 missions, mostly directed to aid people in trouble on one of the normal routes of the mountain. Some routes require knowledge of high - altitude mountaineering, a guide ( or at least an experienced mountaineer ), and all require proper equipment. All routes are long and arduous, involving delicate passages and the hazard of rock - fall or avalanche. Climbers may also suffer altitude sickness, occasionally life threatening, particularly if they do not acclimatize to it. Ownership of the summit This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2017 ) 1832 Map of the Kingdom of Sardinia showing an administrative border passing through the summit of Mont Blanc. This was the same map annexed to the 1860 treaty to determine the current border between France and Italy. Captain Mieulet map of 1865 showing the border through Mont Blanc, called `` a historical falsehood '' by Italian historians Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated. From 1416 to 1792, the entire mountain was within the Duchy of Savoy. In 1723, the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, acquired the Kingdom of Sardinia. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the Italian unification. In September 1792, the French revolutionary Army of the Alps under Anne - Pierre de Montesquiou - Fézensac seized Savoy without much resistance and created a department of the Mont - Blanc. In a treaty of 15 May 1796, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France. In article 4 of this treaty it says : `` The border between the Sardinian kingdom and the departments of the French Republic will be established on a line determined by the most advanced points on the Piedmont side, of the summits, peaks of mountains and other locations subsequently mentioned, as well as the intermediary peaks, knowing : starting from the point where the borders of Faucigny, the Duchy of Aoust and the Valais, to the extremity of the glaciers or Monts - Maudits : first the peaks or plateaus of the Alps, to the rising edge of the Col - Mayor ''. This act further states that the border should be visible from the town of Chamonix and Courmayeur. However, neither is the peak of the Mont Blanc visible from Courmayeur nor is the peak of the Mont Blanc de Courmayeur visible from Chamonix because part of the mountains lower down obscure them. A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the summit lying two thirds in Italy and one third in France. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna restored the King of Sardinia in Savoy, Nice and Piedmont, his traditional territories, overruling the 1796 Treaty of Paris. Forty - five years later, after the Second Italian War of Independence, it was replaced by a new legal act. This act was signed in Turin on 24 March 1860 by Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, and deals with the annexation of Savoy ( following the French neutrality for the plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna to join the Kingdom of Sardinia, against the Pope 's will ). A demarcation agreement, signed on 7 March 1861, defined the new border. With the formation of Italy, for the first time Mont Blanc was located on the border of France and Italy. The 1860 act and attached maps are still legally valid for both the French and Italian governments. One of the prints from the 1823 Sarde Atlas positions the border exactly on the summit edge of the mountain ( and measures it to be 4,804 m ( 15,761 ft ) high ). The convention of 7 March 1861 recognises this through an attached map, taking into consideration the limits of the massif, and drawing the border on the icecap of Mont Blanc, making it both French and Italian. Watershed analysis of modern topographic mapping not only places the main summit on the border, but also suggests that the border should follow a line northwards from the main summit towards Mont Maudit, leaving the southeast ridge to Mont Blanc de Courmayeur wholly within Italy. Although the Franco - Italian border was redefined in both 1947 and 1963, the commission made up of both Italians and French ignored the Mont Blanc issue. In the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the Italian town of Courmayeur and the French town of Saint - Gervais - les - Bains, although the larger part of the mountain lies within the commune of the latter. Vallot Vallot refuge near Mont Blanc summit, at an altitude of 4,362 m The first professional scientific investigations on the summit were conducted by the botanist - meteorologist Joseph Vallot at the end of the 19th century. He wanted to stay near the top of the summit, so he built his own permanent cabin. Janssen observatory In 1890, Pierre Janssen, an astronomer and the director of the Meudon astrophysical observatory, considered the construction of an observatory at the summit of Mont Blanc. Gustave Eiffel agreed to take on the project, provided he could build on a rock foundation, if found at a depth of less than 12 m ( 39 ft ) below the ice. In 1891, the Swiss surveyor Imfeld dug two 23 m ( 75 ft ) long horizontal tunnels 12 m ( 39 ft ) below the ice summit but found nothing solid. Consequently, the Eiffel project was abandoned. Despite this, the observatory was built in 1893. During the cold wave of January 1893, a temperature of − 43 ° C ( − 45 ° F ) was recorded on Mont Blanc, being the lowest ever recorded there. Levers attached to the ice supported the observatory. This worked to some extent until 1906, when the building started leaning heavily. The movement of the levers corrected the lean slightly, but three years later ( two years after Janssen 's death ), a crevasse started opening under the observatory. It was abandoned. Eventually the building fell, and only the tower could be saved in extremis. Air crashes The mountain was the scene of two fatal air crashes ; Air India Flight 245 in 1950 and Air India Flight 101 in 1966. Both planes were approaching Geneva airport and the pilots miscalculated their descent ; 48 and 117 people, respectively, died. The latter passengers included nuclear scientist Homi J. Bhabha, known as the `` father '' of India 's nuclear programme. Tunnel Main article : Mont Blanc Tunnel In 1946, a drilling project was initiated to carve a tunnel through the mountain. The Mont Blanc tunnel would connect Chamonix, France and Courmayeur, Italy, and become one of the major trans - Alpine transport routes between the two countries. In 1965, the tunnel opened to vehicle traffic with a length of 11,611 metres ( 7.215 mi ). 1999 disaster Main article : Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire In 1999, a transport truck caught fire in the tunnel beneath the mountain. In total 39 people were killed when the fire raged out of control. The tunnel was renovated in the aftermath to increase driver safety, reopening after three years. Incidents involving children The youngest person to climb Mont Blanc record set in 2009 by 10 - year - old Asher Silver ( UK ) In July 2014, an American entrepreneur and traveler Patrick Sweeney attempted to break the record with his nine - year - old son P.J. and 11 - year - old daughter Shannon. They were caught in avalanche, luckily escaped death and decided not to pursue their attempt. In August 2014, an unknown Austrian climber with his 5 - year - old son were intercepted by mountain gendarmes at 3200 metres and forced to turn around. On 5 August 2017, 9 - year old Hungarian twins and their mother were rescued from 3800 metres by helicopter while their father and family friend continued their summit attempt. Elevation Mont Blanc summit The summit of Mont Blanc is a thick, perennial ice - and - snow dome whose thickness varies. No exact and permanent summit elevation can therefore be determined, though accurate measurements have been made on specific dates. For a long time, its official elevation was 4,807 m ( 15,771 ft ). In 2002, the IGN and expert surveyors, with the aid of GPS technology, measured it to be 4,807.40 m ( 15,772 ft 4 in ). After the 2003 heatwave in Europe, a team of scientists re-measured the height on 6 and 7 September. The team was made up of the glaciologist Luc Moreau, two surveyors from the GPS Company, three people from the IGN, seven expert surveyors, four mountain guides from Chamonix and Saint - Gervais and four students from various institutes in France. This team noted that the elevation was 4,808.45 m ( 15,775 ft 9 in ), and the peak was 75 centimetres ( 30 in ) away from where it had been in 2002. After these results were published, more than 500 points were measured to assess the effects of climate change and the fluctuations in the height of the mountain at different points. Since then, the elevation of the mountain has been measured every two years. The interpretation that the heatwave had caused this fluctuation is disputed because the heatwave is known not to have significantly affected the glaciers above 4,000 m ( 13,000 ft ). The height and position of the summit could have been moved by general glacial forces. At this elevation, the temperatures rarely rise above 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ). During the summer of 2003, the temperature rose to 2 ° C ( 36 ° F ), and even 3 ° C ( 37 ° F ), but this would not have been enough for the ice to melt that amount. The summit was measured again in 2005, and the results were published on 16 December 2005. The height was found to be 4,808.75 m ( 15,776 ft 9 in ), 30 cm ( 12 in ) more than the previous recorded height. The rock summit was found to be at 4,792 m ( 15,722 ft ), some 40 m ( 130 ft ) west of the ice - covered summit. In 2007, the summit was measured at 4,807.9 m ( 15,774 ft ) and in 2009 at 4,807.45 m ( 15,772 ft ). In 2013, the summit was measured at 4,810.02 m ( 15,781 ft ) and in 2015 at 4,808.73 m ( 15,777 ft ). From the summit of Mont Blanc on a clear day, the Jura, the Vosges, the Black Forest and the Massif Central mountain ranges can be seen, as well as the principal summits of the Alps. A panoramic view of Mont Blanc from Aiguille du Midi View from Vallee Blanche of Glacier du Géant and Dent du Géant, looking down Glacier du Tacul towards the Mer de Glace, with Aiguille du Moine, les Drus and Aiguille Verte in centre - left Climbing routes on the tour du Mont Blanc Mont Blanc 3D The Mont Blanc Massif averages nearly 100 fatalities a year. A published estimate suggests there have been 6,000 - 8,000 alpinist fatalities in total, more than on any other mountain. Several classic climbing routes lead to the summit of Mont Blanc : The most popular route is the Voie Des Cristalliers, also known as the Voie Royale. Starting from Saint - Gervais - les - Bains, the Tramway du Mont - Blanc ( TMB ) is taken to get to the fr : Gare du Nid d'Aigle. The ascent begins in the direction of the Refuge de Tête Rousse and through the Goûter Corridor, considered dangerous because of frequent rock - falls, leading to the Goûter cabin for night shelter. The next day the route leads to the Dôme du Goûter, past the emergency Vallot cabin and L'arrête des Bosses. La Voie des 3 Monts is also known as La Traversée. Starting from Chamonix, the Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi is taken towards the Col du Midi. The Cosmiques cabin is used to spend the night. The next day the ascent continues over Mont Blanc du Tacul and Mont Maudit. The historic itinerary through the Grand Mulets, which is most frequently traversed in winter by ski, or in summer to descend to Chamonix. The normal Italian itinerary is also known as La route des Aiguilles Grises. After crossing the Miage Glacier, climbers spend the night at the Gonella refuge. The next day, one proceeds through the Col des Aiguilles Grises and the Dôme du Goûter, concluding at L'arête des Bosses ( Bosses ridge ). The Miage -- Bionnassay -- Mont Blanc crossing is usually done in three days, and has been described as a truly magical expedition of ice and snow arêtes at great altitude. The route begins from Contamines - Montjoie, with the night spent in the Conscrits cabin. The following day, the Dômes de Miages is crossed and the night spent at the Durier cabin. The third day proceeds over l'Aiguille de Bionnassay and the Dôme du Goûter, finally reaching the summit of Mont Blanc via the Bosses ridge. Refuges Refuge Vallot, 4362 m. Refuge Goûter, 3817 m. Bivouac Corrado Alberico - Luigi Borgna, 3684 m. Refuge Cosmiques, 3613 m. Refuge Tête Rousse, 3167 m. Refuge Francesco Gonella, 3071 m. Refuge Grands Mulets, 3050 m. Impacts of climate change Recent temperature rises and heatwaves, such as that of summer 2015, have had significant impacts on many climbing routes across the Alps, including those on Mont Blanc. For example, in 2015, the Grand Mulets route, previously popular in the 20th century, was blocked by virtually impenetrable crevasse fields, and the Gouter Hut was closed by municipal decree for some days because of very high stonefall danger, with some stranded climbers evacuated by helicopter. Exploits and incidents Aerial view of the south - eastern side of Mont Blanc, taken on a commercial flight `` The First Ascent of Mont Blanc '' by T. Louis Oxley 1881 Read by Phil Schempfn for LibriVox Audio 00 : 39 : 46 ( full text ) Problems playing this file ? See media help. 1786 : The first ascent, by Michel - Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat ; see Exploration of the High Alps. 1787 : The fourth ascent, by Englishman Mark Beaufoy, with at least six guides and a servant. July 1808 ( 1808 - 07 ) : The first ascent by a woman, Maria Paradis, with Balmat as her guide. July 1838 ( 1838 - 07 ) : The second ascent by a woman, Henriette d'Angeville. 1890 : Giovenni Bonin, Luigi Grasselli and Fr. Achille Ratti ( later Pope Pius XI ) discovered the normal Italian route ( West Face Direct ) on descent. 1960 : The airplane pilot Henri Giraud landed on the summit, which is only 30 m ( 98 ft ) long. 1990 : The Swiss Pierre - André Gobet, leaving from Chamonix, completed the ascent and descent in 5 hours, 10 minutes and 14 seconds. 30 May 2003 ( 2003 - 05 - 30 ) : Stéphane Brosse and Pierre Gignoux tried to beat the record by ski - walking. They went up in 4 hours and 7 minutes, and came back down in 1 hour and 8 minutes. In total they did the ascent and descent in 5 hours and 15 minutes. 13 August 2003 ( 2003 - 08 - 13 ) : Seven French paraglider pilots landed on the summit. They reached a peak altitude of 5,200 m ( 17,100 ft ), thanks to the hot weather conditions, which provided strong hot air currents. Five had left from Planpraz, one from Rochebrune at Megève and the last one from Samoëns. 8 June 2007 ( 2007 - 06 - 08 ) : Danish artist Marco Evaristti draped the peak of Mont Blanc with red fabric, along with a 20 - foot ( 6.1 m ) pole with a flag reading `` Pink State ''. He had been arrested and detained earlier on 6 June for attempting to paint a pass leading up to the summit red. His aim was to raise awareness of environmental degradation. 13 September 2007 ( 2007 - 09 - 13 ) : A group of 20 people set up a hot tub at the summit. 19 August 2012 ( 2012 - 08 - 19 ) : Fifty paraglider pilots landed on the summit, beating the previous record of seven top landing pilots, set in 2003. This included the second ever tandem landing on the summit. 11 July 2013 - Kilian Jornet beat the fastest overall time for ascent and descent with 4 hours 57 minutes and 40 seconds. Cultural references Cinema and télévision La Terre, son visage, is a documentary by Jean - Luc Prévost and published by Édition Société national de télévision française, released in 1984. It is part of the Haroun Tazieff raconte sa terre, vol. 1 series. In it he talks about the west - east crossing of Mont Blanc. The film Malabar Princess. The television - film Premier de cordée. Storm over Mont Blanc ( Stürme über dem Mont Blanc, 1930 ) with Leni Riefenstahl and directed by Arnold Fanck La Roue ( The Wheel, 1923 ) is a 273 - minute film by Abel Gance depicting rail operations, workers, and families in southeastern France, including the Mont Blanc area. Literature Premier de cordée by Roger Frison - Roche Hugo et le Mont Blanc by Colette Cosnie -- Édition Guérin Hymn Before Sunrise, in the Vale of Chamouni by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Mont Blanc by Percy Shelley Point Blanc by Anthony Horowitz The Prelude Book VI by William Wordsworth Kordian by Juliusz Słowacki Eiger Dreams : Ventures Among Men and Mountains by Jon Krakauer Running Water by AEW Mason La neige en deuil by Henri Troyat Protection The Mont Blanc massif is being put forward as a potential World Heritage Site because of its uniqueness and its cultural importance, considered the birthplace and symbol of modern mountaineering. It would require the three governments of Italy, France and Switzerland to make a request to UNESCO for it to be listed. Mont Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, and for this reason, some view it as threatened. Pro-Mont Blanc ( an international collective of associations for the protection of Mont Blanc ) published in 2002 the book Le versant noir du mont Blanc ( The black hillside of Mont Blanc ), which exposes current and future problems in conserving the site. In 2007, Europe 's two highest toilets ( at a height of 4,260 metres, 13,976 feet ) were taken by helicopter to the top of Mont Blanc. They are also serviced by helicopter. They will serve 30,000 skiers and hikers annually, helping to alleviate the discharge of urine and faeces that spreads down the mountain face with the spring thaw, and turns it into ' Mont Marron '. Global warming has begun to melt glaciers and cause avalanches on Mont Blanc, creating more dangerous climbing conditions. Gallery The highest resolution panorama of the Mont Blanc ever made : Mont Blanc seen from Les Arcs 1950 North side of Mont Blanc Mer de Glace glacier on the left Mont Blanc seen from SPOT satellite Aerial view of the south - western side of Mont Blanc in early September, taken on a commercial flight View taken `` par grand beau temps '' from the upper terrace, on Aiguille du Midi ( 2015 ). Need to reach second floor of the cable railway See also Exploration of the High Alps Haute Route Mont Blanc ( Moon ) Mont Blanc glacier flood Mont Blanc massif Mont Blanc Tramway Mont Blanc Tunnel Tour du Mont Blanc Top of the Mont Blanc Notes Jump up ^ Although Mount Elbrus is normally considered the tallest mountain in Europe, the latter continent is part of the Eurasian land mass, which culminates at Mount Everest ( lowest col between Mont Blanc and Mount Elbrus : 113 m ( 1 ) ; lowest col between Mount Elbrus and Mount Everest : 901 m ( 2 ) ). Jump up ^ The Caucasus watershed has conventionally been used as the boundary between Europe and Asia since the mid-19th century. The Caucasus has a number of peaks higher than Mont Blanc either marking the Russian - Georgian border or just within Russia ( Mount Elbrus in the North Caucasus at 5641 m is the tallest in Europe when including the Caucasus ). References ^ Jump up to : `` Le Mont - Blanc passe de 4.810 mètres à 4.808, 7 mètres ''. ^ Jump up to : `` Mont Blanc shrinks by 45cm in two years ''. 6 November 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2017 -- via The Sydney Morning Herald. Jump up ^ the prominence of 4,696 m for Mont Blanc is taken from the `` Ultras Project '' ( peaklist.org ), `` List compiled 2004 by Petter Bjørstad, Jonathan de Ferranti, Eberhard Jurgalski, Vasja Kavcic and Aaron Maizlish ''. A footnote to this entry at peaklist.org r ( Citation ). The Mont Blanc key saddle has been identified in Northern Russia near Ozero Onezhskoye. '' See also list of Alpine peaks by prominence. Jump up ^ Green, Stewart. `` Facts About Mont Blanc -- Highest Mountain in Western Europe ''. About.com. Retrieved 7 August 2011. Jump up ^ Muza, SR ; Fulco, CS ; Cymerman, A ( 2004 ). `` Altitude Acclimatization Guide ''. US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report ( USARIEM - TN - 04 - 05 ). Retrieved 5 March 2009. Jump up ^ Cymerman, A ; Rock, PB. `` Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. A Handbook for Medical Officers ''. USARIEM - TN94 - 2. US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report. Retrieved 5 March 2009. Jump up ^ La disfida del Monte Bianco ( in Italian ). Jump up ^ `` A new map of the dominions of the King of Sardinia. ( with ) Isle and kingdom of Sardinia. ( with ) Mont Blanc in Faucigni and the subjacent Alps and glaciers. From the original published at Turin with royal approbation, and dedicated to his Sardinian Majesty. By Francis de Caroly ; translated with improvements and additions. London, Published by Laurie & Whittle, 53, Fleet Street, 12th May, 1799. Engrav 'd by B. Baker, Islington. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection ''. www.lunacommons.org. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ The map is based on measurements taken in 1856 before the convention of 7 March 1861, and is identical to the map attached to the Treaty of Turin. See IGN Jump up ^ `` FICHE QUESTION ''. questions.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ Image : 1823 Mont Blanc 1. jpg Jump up ^ Janssen et l'observatoire du sommet du mont Blanc ( 1893 - 1909 ), JM. Malherbe, Observatoire de Paris, section de Meudon Jump up ^ The glacier des Bossons : plane crashes : Archived 20 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` 1966 : 117 die in Air India tragedy ''. 23 October 1966. Retrieved 23 October 2017 -- via news.bbc.co.uk. Jump up ^ `` Diplomatic bag contents revealed ''. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2017 -- via www.bbc.co.uk. Jump up ^ `` Timeline of the Mont Blanc Tunnel ''. atmb.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ `` Mont Blanc Tunnel ''. www.tunneltalk.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017. ^ Jump up to : Lizzie Dearden ( 28 July 2014 ). `` American climber whose children almost died in Mont Blanc avalanche says he has ' no regrets ' amid criticism ''. The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Constance Jamet ( 2014 - 07 - 28 ). `` La présence d'enfants alpinistes sur le Mont - Blanc scandalise ''. Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 2014 - 07 - 28. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 09. ( in French ) Jump up ^ Kim Willsher ( 2014 - 08 - 13 ). `` Bodies of five climbers found on Mont Blanc after six go missing ''. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2014 - 08 - 20. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 09. Jump up ^ Nelly Assénat ( 2017 - 08 - 10 ). `` Ils tentent de gravir le Mont - Blanc avec leurs jumeaux de 9 ans ''. France Bleu. Archived from the original on 2017 - 08 - 11. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 09. ( in French ) Jump up ^ Vincent, Christian ( 2 August 2004 ). `` The rock summit of the Mont Blanc, 40 m west of the ice summit ''. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2015. CS1 maint : Unfit url ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Helmut Dumler and Willi P. Burkhardt, The High Mountains of the Alps, London : Diadem, 1994 Jump up ^ Routes description, from camptocamp.org Jump up ^ Boscoe, Charlie. `` How to Climb Mont Blanc - The Two Easiest Routes ''. www.ukclimbing.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015. Jump up ^ Abjad ( 27 August 2008 ). `` English : The Grand Couloir, Mont Blanc, France. Viewed from the Tête Rousse hut. Insert : approximate ascent route to the Goûter hut, with marking of the Grand Couloir crossing area ''. Retrieved 23 October 2017 -- via Wikimedia Commons. Jump up ^ Gaventa, Jonathan. `` The Ice and the Canary : A Story of Alpine Climbing in a Changing Climate ''. www.ukclimbing.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015. Jump up ^ `` Henri GIRAUD ''. www.flight-system.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ Danish Artist Drapes Mont Blanc in Red, 8 June 2007 Jump up ^ Jaccuzzi ( sic ) on Mont - Blanc summit Jump up ^ ( 3 ), ' 50 ' pilots topland Mont Blanc as Chamonix sees record day, XC Mag, 19 August 2012 Jump up ^ `` Extraordinary Speed Record on Mont Blanc ''. climbing.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ chamonix.net. `` Mont - Blanc Speed Record : Ascent and Descent On Foot ''. www.chamonix.net. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ `` Massif du Mont Blanc ''. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` proMONT - BLANC > > ( Le versant noir du Mont - Blanc ) ''. archive.org. 9 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2017. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Europe 's highest toilet ''. Ananova. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2011. Jump up ^ `` Warming threatens safety on Mont Blanc ''. The Times. London. 28 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` in2white ''. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mont Blanc. Mont Blanc on French IGN map portal Mont Blanc at 4000er.de ( in German ) Places to visit around Mont Blanc Indepth guide to Mont Blanc Mont - Blanc summit webcam : Close up of the summit of the Mont Blanc and its glaciers at 4811m. Mont - Blanc panoramic webcam : See severals points of view of the Mont - Blanc range and zoom on the top. Mont Blanc on Peakware Mont Blanc on Summitpost Descent into the Ice Companion web site to the PBS NOVA program which follows a glaciologist and a climber into the glacier caves of Mont Blanc Chamonix - Mont - Blanc Map The scientific observatories on Mont Blanc. Why Is Mont Blanc One of the World 's Deadliest Mountains ? Mont Blanc on Peakclimber Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Blanc, Mont ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. Mont Blanc massif Settlements Argentière Chamonix Champex Courmayeur La Fouly Les Houches Montroc Les Praz Saint - Gervais - les - Bains Trient Mountains Aiguille d'Argentière Aiguille de Bionnassay Aiguille de Blaitière Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey Aiguille du Chardonnet Aiguilles du Diable Aiguilles Dorées Aiguille du Dru Aiguille des Glaciers Aiguille du Goûter Aiguille des Grands Charmoz Aiguille des Grands Montets Aiguille du Grépon Aiguille du Jardin Aiguille du Midi Aiguille de l'A Neuve Aiguille Noire de Peuterey Aiguille du Pissoir Aiguille du Plan Aiguille de Rochefort Aiguille du Tour Aiguille de Tré la Tête Aiguille de Triolet Aiguille Verte La Breya Le Catogne Le Châtelet ( Mont Blanc ) Dent du Géant Dôme du Goûter Dôme de Rochefort Les Droites Le Génépi Grand Capucin Grand Darray Grand Pilier d'Angle Grande Lui Grande Pointe des Planereuses Grande Rocheuse Grandes Jorasses Mont Blanc Mont Blanc de Courmayeur Mont Blanc du Tacul Mont Brouillard Mont Dolent Mont Mallet Mont Maudit Pic Eccles Picco Luigi Amedeo Pointe Allobrogia Pointe Helbronner Pointe d'Orny Pointe des Plines Pointe Ronde Pointe Walker Le Portalet Punta Baretti Tita Neire Tour Noir Tour Ronde Cols Col Ferret Col des Montets Glaciers Argentière Bossons Mer de Glace Miage Saleina Tête Rousse Trient Refuges Albert Premier A Neuve Argentière Cosmiques Couvercle Durier Elisabetta Francesco Gonella Grands Mulets Leschaux Mont - Blanc Plan de l'Aiguille Quintino Sella Tête Rousse Torino Tré la Tête Trient Saleina Vallot Mountaineers ( first or major ascents ) Allain Almer Anderegg ( J. ) Anderegg ( M. ) Balmat Blanchard Blodig Boivin Bonatti Bonington Boulaz Bristow Brown Burgener Cassin Charlet Clough Cordier ( H. ) Cordier ( P. ) Couzy Croz Dent Desmaison Destivelle Długosz Eccles Eckenstein Gabarrou Ghirardini Graham Brown Güssfeldt Harlin Heckmair Hemming Hudson Kennedy King Klucker Kuffner Kukuczka Kurtyka Lachenal Lafaille Lambert MacIntyre Maund Mazeaud Messner Middlemore Moore Mummery Paccard Paradis Patey Ratti Rébuffat Rey Robbins Roch Rouse de Saussure Smythe Stephen Terray Twight Vallençant Walker Whillans Whymper Winthrop Young Other Arve ( river ) Chemin de fer du Montenvers Giardino Botanico Alpino Saussurea Haute Route Marathon du Mont Blanc Mont Blanc glacier flood Mont Blanc Tramway Mont Blanc Tunnel Saint - Gervais -- Vallorcine railway Skyway Monte Bianco Top of the Mont Blanc Tour du Mont Blanc Val d'Aosta Val Ferret Val Veny Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe Scandinavia Galdhøpiggen Kebnekaise Jiehkkevárri Snøhetta Store Lenangstind Sarektjåkkå -- On islands : Beerenberg Hvannadalshnúkur Newtontoppen Novaya Zemlya HP Western Europe Spain : Mulhacén Aneto Torre de Cerredo Almanzor -- Massif Central : Puy de Sancy Atlantic islands Canaries : Teide Roque de los Muchachos Pico de las Nieves Malpaso -- Azores : Pico Madeira : Ruivo Alps ( List ) Mont Blanc Grossglockner Finsteraarhorn Wildspitze Bernina Hochkönig Dufourspitze Hoher Dachstein Marmolada Viso Triglav Barre des Écrins Säntis Ortler Baldo Gran Paradiso Coca Cima Dodici Dents du Midi Chamechaude Zugspitze Antelao Arcalod Grintovec Großer Priel Grigna Settentrionale Bondone Presanella Birnhorn Col Nudo Pointe Percée Jôf di Montasio Polinik Tödi Birkkarspitze Ellmauer Halt Grande Tête de l'Obiou Cima Tosa Hochtor Grimming Grand Combin Tournette Zirbitzkogel Kesch Apennines Corno Grande Amaro Serra Dolcedorme Montalto Cimone Eastern Europe Carpathians : Gerlachovský štít Parângu Mare Moldoveanu Peleaga Rtanj Pietrosul Rodnei -- Crimea : Roman - Kosh -- Urals : Narodnaya Balkans Musala Olympus Vihren Taygetus Korab Jezercë Athos Kyllini Ossa Nemerçkë Midžor Pangaion Hills Kajmakčalan Smolikas Giona Jakupica Këndrevica Radomir Parnassus Botev Çika Pančić 's Peak Valamara Baba Psili Koryfi Mediterranean islands Corsica : Cinto -- Sardinia : Punta La Marmora -- Sicily : Etna -- Crete : Ida Lefka Ori Dikti -- Other Greek islands : Dirfi Ainos Fengari -- Cyprus : Olympus Caucasus Elbrus Bazardüzü Kazbek Tebulosmta Aragats Dykh - Tau Mount Dyultydag Kaputjugh Mount Addala - Shukhgelmeer Shani Seven Summits Asia Everest ( 8,848 m or 29,029 ft ) South America Aconcagua ( 6,962 m or 22,841 ft ) North America Denali ( 6,198 m or 20,335 ft ) Africa Kilimanjaro ( 5,893 m or 19,334 ft ) Europe Elbrus ( 5,642 m or 18,510 ft ) or Mont Blanc ( 4,810 m or 15,781 ft ) Antarctica Vinson Massif ( 4,892 m or 16,050 ft ) Oceania Puncak Jaya ( 4,884 m or 16,024 ft ) or Mount Wilhelm ( 4,509 m or 14,793 ft ) Oceania ( Australia ) Mount Kosciuszko ( 2,228 m or 7,310 ft ) VIAF : 144578286 LCCN : no2001036912 GND : 4115201 - 3 NDL : 00629353 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont_Blanc&oldid=828327453 '' Categories : Mont Blanc Mountains of the Alps Mountains of Haute - Savoie Mountains of Aosta Valley Alpine four - thousanders Seven Summits France -- Italy border International mountains of Europe Highest points of countries Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Articles with French - language external links CS1 maint : Unfit url All articles with self - published sources Articles with self - published sources from August 2011 CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown Use dmy dates from June 2016 Articles containing French - language text Articles containing Italian - language text Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from August 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles with hAudio microformats Pages with timeline metadata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Afrikaans አማርኛ Arpetan Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Башҡортса Беларуская Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Ирон Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kurdî Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar मैथिली Македонски मराठी მარგალური مازِرونی Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Nouormand Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча پنجابی ភាសា ខ្មែរ Polski Português Română Rumantsch Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt West - 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Question: what is the highest mountain in france called
Answer: Mont Blanc