2000 United States Census - wikipedia 2000 United States Census Twenty - second Census of the United States U.S. Census Bureau Seal Census Logo General information Country United States Date taken April 1, 2000 Total population 281,421,906 Percent change 13.2 % Most populous state California 33,871,648 Least populous state Wyoming 493,782 The Twenty - second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 % over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 Census. This was the twenty - second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a `` long form '' of the 2000 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Contents 1 Data availability 2 State rankings 3 City rankings 3.1 Top 100 4 Population profile 5 Changes in population 6 Reapportionment 7 Adjustment controversy 8 Utah controversy 9 Gay and lesbian controversy 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links 12.1 United States Census Bureau 12.2 Other 2000 census websites Data availability ( Edit ) Microdata from the 2000 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. State rankings Rank State Population as of 1990 Census Population as of 2000 Census Change Percent change California 29,760,021 33,871,648 4,111,627 13.8 % Texas 16,986,510 20,851,820 3,865,510 22.8 % New York 17,990,455 18,976,457 986,002 5.5 % Florida 12,937,926 15,982,378 3,044,452 23.5 % 5 Illinois 11,430,602 12,419,293 988,691 8.6 % 6 Pennsylvania 11,881,643 12,281,054 399,411 3.4 % 7 Ohio 10,847,115 11,353,140 506,025 4.7 % 8 Michigan 9,295,297 9,938,444 643,147 6.9 % 9 New Jersey 7,730,188 8,414,350 684,162 8.9 % 10 Georgia 6,478,216 8,186,453 1,708,237 26.4 % 11 North Carolina 6,628,637 8,049,313 1,420,676 21.4 % 12 Virginia 6,187,358 7,078,515 891,157 14.4 % 13 Massachusetts 6,016,425 6,349,097 332,672 5.5 % 14 Indiana 5,544,159 6,080,485 536,326 9.7 % 15 Washington 4,866,692 5,894,121 1,027,429 21.1 % 16 Tennessee 4,877,185 5,689,283 812,098 16.7 % 17 Missouri 5,117,073 5,595,211 478,138 9.3 % 18 Wisconsin 4,891,769 5,363,675 471,906 9.6 % 19 Maryland 4,781,468 5,296,486 515,018 10.8 % 20 Arizona 3,665,228 5,130,632 1,465,404 40.0 % 21 Minnesota 4,375,099 4,919,479 544,380 12.4 % 22 Louisiana 4,219,973 4,468,976 249,003 5.9 % 23 Alabama 4,040,587 4,447,100 406,513 10.1 % 24 Colorado 3,294,394 4,301,261 1,006,867 30.6 % 25 Kentucky 3,685,296 4,041,769 356,473 9.7 % 26 South Carolina 3,486,703 4,012,012 525,309 15.1 % 27 Oklahoma 3,145,585 3,450,654 305,069 9.7 % 28 Oregon 2,842,321 3,421,399 579,078 20.4 % 29 Connecticut 3,287,116 3,405,565 118,449 3.6 % 30 Iowa 2,776,755 2,926,324 149,569 5.4 % 31 Mississippi 2,573,216 2,844,658 271,442 10.5 % 32 Kansas 2,477,574 2,688,418 210,844 8.5 % 33 Arkansas 2,350,725 2,673,400 322,675 13.7 % 34 Utah 1,722,850 2,233,169 510,319 29.6 % 35 Nevada 1,201,833 1,998,257 796,424 66.3 % 36 New Mexico 1,515,069 1,819,046 303,977 20.1 % 37 West Virginia 1,793,477 1,808,344 14,867 0.8 % 38 Nebraska 1,578,385 1,711,263 132,878 8.4 % 39 Idaho 1,006,749 1,293,953 287,204 28.5 % 40 Maine 1,227,928 1,274,923 46,995 3.8 % 41 New Hampshire 1,109,252 1,235,786 126,534 11.4 % 42 Hawaii 1,108,229 1,211,537 103,308 9.3 % 43 Rhode Island 1,003,464 1,048,319 44,855 4.5 % 44 Montana 799,065 902,195 103,130 12.9 % 45 Delaware 666,168 783,600 117,432 17.6 % 46 South Dakota 696,004 754,844 58,840 8.5 % 47 North Dakota 638,800 642,200 3,400 0.5 % 48 Alaska 550,043 626,932 76,889 14.0 % 49 Vermont 562,758 608,827 46,069 8.2 % -- District of Columbia 606,900 572,059 - 34,841 - 5.7 % 50 Wyoming 453,588 493,782 40,194 8.9 % United States 248,709,873 281,421,906 32,712,033 13.2 % City rankings Top 100 Rank City State Population Region New York NY 8,008,278 Northeast Los Angeles CA 3,694,820 West Chicago IL 2,896,016 Midwest Houston TX 1,953,631 South 5 Philadelphia PA 1,517,550 Northeast 6 Phoenix AZ 1,321,045 West 7 San Diego CA 1,223,400 West 8 Dallas TX 1,188,580 South 9 San Antonio TX 1,144,646 South 10 Detroit MI 951,270 Midwest 11 San Jose CA 894,943 West 12 Indianapolis IN 791,926 Midwest 13 San Francisco CA 776,733 West 14 Jacksonville FL 735,617 South 15 Columbus OH 711,470 Midwest 16 Austin TX 656,562 South 17 Baltimore MD 651,154 South 18 Memphis TN 650,100 South 19 Milwaukee WI 596,974 Midwest 20 Boston MA 589,141 Northeast 21 Washington DC 572,059 South 22 Nashville - Davidson TN 569,891 South 23 El Paso TX 563,662 South 24 Seattle WA 563,374 West 25 Denver CO 554,636 West 26 Charlotte NC 540,828 South 27 Fort Worth TX 534,694 South 28 Portland OR 529,121 West 29 Oklahoma City OK 506,132 South 30 Tucson AZ 486,699 West 31 New Orleans LA 484,674 South 32 Las Vegas NV 478,434 West 33 Cleveland OH 478,403 Midwest 34 Long Beach CA 461,522 West 35 Albuquerque NM 448,607 West 36 Kansas City MO 441,545 Midwest 37 Fresno CA 427,652 West 38 Virginia Beach VA 425,257 South 39 San Juan Puerto Rico 421,958 40 Atlanta GA 416,474 South 41 Sacramento CA 407,018 West 42 Oakland CA 399,484 West 43 Mesa AZ 396,375 West 44 Tulsa OK 393,049 South 45 Omaha NE 390,007 Midwest 46 Minneapolis MN 382,618 Midwest 47 Honolulu HI 371,657 West 48 Miami FL 362,470 South 49 Colorado Springs CO 360,890 West 50 St. Louis MO 348,189 Midwest 51 Wichita KS 344,284 Midwest 52 Santa Ana CA 337,977 West 53 Pittsburgh PA 334,563 Northeast 54 Arlington TX 332,969 South 55 Cincinnati OH 331,285 Midwest 56 Anaheim CA 328,014 West 57 Toledo OH 313,619 Midwest 58 Tampa FL 303,447 South 59 Buffalo NY 292,648 Northeast 60 St. Paul MN 287,151 Midwest 61 Corpus Christi TX 277,454 South 62 Aurora CO 276,393 West 63 Raleigh NC 276,093 South 64 Newark NJ 273,546 Northeast 65 Lexington - Fayette KY 260,512 South 66 Anchorage AK 260,283 West 67 Louisville KY 256,231 South 68 Riverside CA 255,166 West 69 St. Petersburg FL 248,232 South 70 Bakersfield CA 247,057 West 71 Stockton CA 243,771 West 72 Birmingham AL 242,820 South 73 Jersey City NJ 240,055 Northeast 74 Norfolk VA 234,403 South 75 Baton Rouge LA 227,818 South 76 Hialeah FL 226,419 South 77 Lincoln NE 225,581 Midwest 78 Greensboro NC 223,891 South 79 Plano TX 222,030 South 80 Rochester NY 219,773 Northeast 81 Glendale AZ 218,812 West 82 Akron OH 217,074 Midwest 83 Garland TX 215,768 South 84 Madison WI 208,054 Midwest 85 Fort Wayne IN 205,727 Midwest 86 Bayamon Puerto Rico 203,499 87 Fremont CA 203,413 West 88 Scottsdale AZ 202,705 West 89 Montgomery AL 201,568 South 90 Shreveport LA 200,145 South 91 Augusta - Richmond County GA 199,775 South 92 Lubbock TX 199,564 South 93 Chesapeake VA 199,184 South 94 Mobile AL 198,915 South 95 Des Moines IA 198,682 Midwest 96 Grand Rapids MI 197,800 Midwest 97 Richmond VA 197,790 South 98 Yonkers NY 196,086 Northeast 99 Spokane WA 195,629 West 100 Glendale CA 194,973 West Population profile ( Edit ) See also : Race and ethnicity in the United States Census The U.S. resident population includes the total number of people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico ; its population was 3,808,610, an 8.1 % increase over the number from a decade earlier. In an introduction to a more detailed population profile ( see references below ), the Census Bureau highlighted the following facts about U.S population dynamics : 75 % of respondents said they were White or Caucasian and no other race ; Hispanics accounted for 12.5 % of the U.S. population, up from 9 % in 1990 ; 12.4 % ( 34.5 million Americans ) were of German descent ; German Americans 12.3 % were of Black or African American descent ; 3.6 % of respondents were Asian ; 2.4 % ( 6.8 million Americans ) of respondents were multiracial ( 2 or more races ). The 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. Between 1990 and 2000, the population aged 45 to 54 grew by 49 % and those aged 85 and older grew 38 % ; Women outnumbered men two to one among those aged 85 and older ; Almost one in five adults had some type of disability in 1997 and the likelihood of having a disability increased with age ; Families ( as opposed to men or women living alone ) still dominated American households, but less so than they did thirty years ago ; Since 1993, both families and non-families have seen median household incomes rise, with `` households headed by a woman without a spouse present '' growing the fastest ; People in married - couple families had the lowest poverty rates ; The poor of any age were more likely than others to lack health insurance coverage ; The number of elementary and high school students in 2000 fell just short of the all - time high of 49 million reached in 1970 ; Improvements in educational attainment cross racial and ethnic lines ; and The majority ( 51 % ) of U.S. households had access to computers ; 42 % have Internet access. Changes in population ( Edit ) Regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nation 's population increase, 14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the mean center of U.S. population moved to Phelps County, Missouri. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149 ; the Midwest by 4,724,144. ( maps not to scale ) Reapportionment ( Edit ) The results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U.S. Code, to reapportion among the states the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives. The apportionment population consists of the resident population of the fifty states, plus the overseas military and federal civilian employees and their dependents living with them who could be allocated to a state. Each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. Since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that `` The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative. '' In 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, and in 1911 the number of representatives was fixed at 435. Today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. Adjustment controversy ( Edit ) In the years leading up to the 2000 census, there was substantial controversy over whether the Bureau should adjust census figures based on a follow - up survey, called the post-enumeration survey, of a sample of blocks. ( In 1999, the Supreme Court ruled 5 - 4 that the Constitution prohibits the use of such figures for apportionment purposes, but it may be permissible for other purposes where feasible. ) The controversy was partly technical, but also partly political, since based on data from the 1990 census both parties believed that adjustment would likely have the effect, after redistricting, of slightly increasing Democratic representation in legislative bodies, but would also give Utah an additional, probably Republican, representative to Congress. Following the census, discrepancies between the adjusted census figures and demographic estimates of population change could not be resolved in time to meet legal deadlines for the provision of redistricting data, and the Census Bureau therefore recommended that the unadjusted results be used for this purpose. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce ( the official in charge of making the determination ). Utah controversy ( Edit ) After the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth congressional seat, falling 857 people short, which in turn was allocated to North Carolina. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the federal government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. The Census Bureau counted members of the military and other federal civilian employees serving abroad as residents of their home state but did not count other individuals living outside the United States. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents and that the failure to do so imposed a burden on Mormon religious practice. Almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah ; only 102 came from North Carolina. If this policy were changed, then Utah would have received an additional seat instead of North Carolina. On November 26, 2002, the Supreme Court affirmed the lower court ruling that rejected Utah 's efforts to have Mormon missionaries counted. The state of Utah then filed another lawsuit alleging that the statistical methods used in computing the state populations were improper and cost Utah the seat. The Bureau uses a method called imputation to assign a number of residents to addresses where residents can not be reached after multiple efforts. While nationwide the imputation method added. 4 % to the population, the rate in Utah was. 2 %. The state challenged that the use of imputation violates the Census Act of 1957 and that it also fails the Constitution 's requirement in Article I, Section 2 that an `` actual enumeration '' be used for apportionment. This case, Utah v. Evans, made it to the Supreme Court, but Utah was again defeated. Gay and Lesbian controversy ( Edit ) Census 2000 Long Form Questionnaire showing the Person 2 section including questions 2 and 3 which allow data to be compiled regarding same - sex partners The census forms did not include any questions regarding sexual orientation, making it impossible to compile data comparing heterosexual and homosexual populations. However, two questions were asked that allowed same - sex partnerships to be counted. The questionnaires asked the sex of each person in a household and they asked what the relationship was between each of the members of the household. Respondents could check `` Husband / wife '' or `` unmarried partner '' or a number of other relationships. Responses were tabulated and the Census Bureau reported that there were more than 658,000 same - sex couples heading households in the United States. However, only about 25 % of gay men and 40 % of lesbians are in shared - household partnerships at any one time, according to non-Census surveys. For every same - sex couple tallied in the census, there could be three to six more homosexual un-partnered individuals who would not be counted as gay. The Census reported that same - sex male couples numbered 336,001 and female same - sex couples numbered 329,522. Extrapolating from those figures and the surveyed partnering habits of homosexuals, as many as 4.3 million homosexual adults could have been living in the U.S. in 2000. The exact number can not be known because the Census did not count them specifically. Bisexual and transgender populations were not counted, either, because there were no questions regarding this information. Also unavailable is the number of additional same - sex couples living under the same roof as the first, though this applies to additional heterosexual couples as well. The lack of accurate numbers makes it difficult for lawmakers who are considering legislation on hate crimes or social services for gay families with children. It also makes for less accuracy when predicting the fertility of a population. Another issue that concerned gay rights advocates involved the automatic changing of data during the tabulation process. This automatic software data compiling method, called allocation, was designed to counteract mistakes and discrepancies in returned questionnaires. Forms that were filled out by two same - sex persons who checked the `` Husband / wife '' relationship box were treated as a discrepancy. The Census Bureau explained that same - sex `` Husband / wife '' data samples were changed to `` unmarried partner '' by computer processing methods in 99 % of the cases. In the remaining 1 %, computer systems used one of two possibilities : a ) one of the two listed sexes was changed, making the partnership appear heterosexual, or b ) if the two partners were more than 15 years apart in age, they might have been reassigned into a familial parent / child relationship. The process of automatic reassignment of same - sex marriage data was initiated so that the Census Bureau would not contravene the Defense of Marriage Act passed in 1996. The Act states : `` In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word ' marriage ' means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word ' spouse ' refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or wife. '' With allocation moving married same - sex couples to the unmarried partner category, social scientists lost information that could have been extracted relating to the social stability of a same gender couple who identify themselves as married. References ( Edit ) Jump up ^ `` Population and Area ( Historical Censuses ) '' ( PDF ). United States Census Bureau. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Census.gov ' ' Introduction to Census 2000 Data Products ' ' '' ( PDF ). Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ PIO, US Census Bureau, Census History Staff,. `` The `` 72 - Year Rule '' -- History -- U.S. Census Bureau ``. www.census.gov. Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 26. ^ Jump up to : `` Resident Population of the 50 States, and the District of Columbia April 1, 2000 ( Census 2000 ) and April 1, 1990 ( 1990 Census ) ''. United States Census Bureau. December 28, 2000. Retrieved August 24, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Ranking Tables for Incorporated Places of 100,000 or More '', Census 2000, U.S. Census Bureau, 2001 Jump up ^ Jayson, Sharon. `` ' Colorblind ' Generation Does n't Blink at interracial Relationships. '' USA TODAY. February 7, 2006 : n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. Oct 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Newburger, Eric ( September 2001 ). `` Home Computers and Internet Use in the United States : August 2000 '' ( PDF ). Current Population Reports. U.S. CENSUS BUREAU : 1 -- 2. Retrieved December 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Partisan Politics at Work : Sampling and the 2000 Census ''. American Political Science Association. JSTOR 420917. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived January 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Census 2000 ESCAP ''. Census.gov. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Census Blooper Costly for Utah ; Error May Have Resulted in Loss of House Seat ''. The Salt Lake Tribune. October 1, 2003. Archived from the original on March 15, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2009. Jump up ^ Greenhouse, Linda. `` Justices Deal Utah a Setback In Its Bid to Gain a House Seat '', The New York Times, November 27, 2001. Accessed July 16, 2008. Jump up ^ Greenhouse, Linda. `` Supreme Court Roundup ; Justices to Hear Utah 's Challenge to Procedure in 2000 Census '', The New York Times, January 23, 2002. Accessed July 16, 2008. Jump up ^ Greenhouse, Linda. `` THE SUPREME COURT : RIGHT TO PRIVACY ; Supreme Court Finds Law On Educational Privacy Is n't Meant for Individuals '', The New York Times, June 21, 2002. Accessed July 16, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Census 2000 Long Form Questionnaire '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original on October 15, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Census 2000 Short Form Questionnaire '' ( PDF ). Archived ( PDF ) from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Gay and Lesbian Demographics ''. Urban.org. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ `` US Census unmarried couple data listed by state ''. Gaydemographics.org. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Jump up ^ Ly, Phuong ( March 12, 2000 ). `` The Washington Post, March 12, 2000. Be Counted In Census, Groups Urge Gay Live - Ins ''. Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Retrieved April 25, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Unbinding the Ties : Edit Effects of Marital Status on Same Gender Couples ''. Census.gov. January 7, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Technical Note on Same - Sex Unmarried Partner Data From the 1990 and 2000 Censuses ''. Census.gov. January 7, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2011. Sources Constitution Article I Section II re Enumeration and Apportionment Further reading ( Edit ) Anderson, Margo ; Fienberg, Stephen E. ( 1999 ). `` To Sample or Not to Sample ? The 2000 Census Controversy ''. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 30 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 36. doi : 10.1162 / 002219599551895... External links ( Edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2000 United States Census. United States Census Bureau Census 2000 gateway Population Profile of the United States : 2000 Population Profile Introductory slide show, in MS Powerpoint format State and County QuickFacts, the most requested information American FactFinder, for population, housing, economic, and geographic data 2000 United States Census Form 2001 U.S Census Report Contains 2000 Census results Other 2000 Census websites ( Edit ) MLA Language Map from the Modern Language Association How the Census Works via Howstuffworks.com Demographics of the United States Demographic history By economic and social Affluence Educational attainment Emigration Home - ownership Household income Immigration Income inequality Language LGBT Middle classes Personal income Poverty Social class Unemployment by state Wealth By religion Buddhists Christians Catholics Coptics Protestants Hindus Jains Jews Muslims Ahmadiyyas Neopagans Non-religious Rastafaris Scientologists Sikhs By continent and ethnicity Africa African diaspora in the Americas Afro - Caribbean / West Indian Americans Belizean Americans Guyanese Americans Haitian Americans Jamaican Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Black Hispanic and Latino Americans African immigrants to the United States Central Africans in the United States Horn Africans in the United States North Africans in the United States Southeast Africans in the United States Southern Africans in the United States West Africans in the United States Asia Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans East Asia Chinese Americans Hong Kong Americans Tibetan Americans Japanese Americans Korean Americans Mongolian Americans Taiwanese Americans South Asia Bangladeshi Americans Bhutanese Americans Indian Americans Nepalese Americans Pakistani Americans Romani Americans Sri Lankan Americans Southeast Asia Burmese Americans Cambodian Americans Filipino Americans Hmong Americans Indonesian Americans Laotian Americans Malaysian Americans Singaporean Americans Thai Americans Vietnamese Americans West Asia Arab Americans Assyrian Americans Iranian Americans Israeli Americans Jewish Americans Europe White Americans English Americans French Americans German Americans Irish Americans Italian Americans Spanish Americans Non-Hispanic whites White Hispanic and Latino Americans Oceania Pacific Islands Americans Chamorro Americans Native Hawaiians Samoan Americans Tongan Americans Euro Oceanic Americans Australian Americans New Zealand Americans North America Native Americans and Alaska Natives Canadian Americans Cuban Americans Mexican Americans Puerto Ricans ( Stateside ) South America Hispanic and Latino Americans Colombian Americans Multiethnic Melungeon People of the United States / Americans American ancestry Maps of American ancestries 2010 Census Race and ethnicity in the Census Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Racism United States Censuses 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 2020 U.S. Census Bureau USDA Census of Agriculture Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_Census&oldid=802073993 '' Categories : 2000 in the United States United States Census 2000 censuses Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from November 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto فارسی Français Galego Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Basa Jawa Magyar Plattdüütsch Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 23 September 2017, at 20 : 50. 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Question: according to census 2000 which state has the largest number of households
Answer: California