1755 Lisbon earthquake - wikipedia 1755 Lisbon earthquake 1755 Lisbon earthquake Date 1 November 1755 ( 1755 - 11 ) Magnitude 8.5 -- 9.0 M ( est. ) Epicenter 36 ° N 11 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 36 ° N 11 ° W ﻿ / 36 ; - 11 Coordinates : 36 ° N 11 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 36 ° N 11 ° W ﻿ / 36 ; - 11 About 200 km ( 120 mi ) west - southwest of Cape St. Vincent Areas affected Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Morocco. The tsunami affected Southern Great Britain and Ireland Max. intensity XI ( Extreme ) Casualties 10,000 -- 100,000 deaths The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake, occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on the morning of Saturday, 1 November, the holy day of All Saints ' Day, at around 09 : 40 local time. In combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami, the earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas. Seismologists today estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude in the range 8.5 -- 9.0 on the moment magnitude scale, with its epicentre in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km ( 120 mi ) west - southwest of Cape St. Vincent. Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon alone between 10,000 and 100,000 people, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. The earthquake accentuated political tensions in the Kingdom of Portugal and profoundly disrupted the country 's colonial ambitions. The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European Enlightenment philosophers, and inspired major developments in theodicy. As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern seismology and earthquake engineering. In Chapter 6 of Candide it is mentioned that `` there was another earthquake, causing frightful damage. '' In his 1966 edition of Voltaire 's work Robert Adams states that this second quake occurred on 21 December 1755. Contents 1 Earthquake and tsunami 2 Casualties and damage 3 Relief and reconstruction efforts 4 Effect on society, economy and philosophy 4.1 Economy 4.2 Philosophy 4.3 Politics 5 Development of seismology 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Earthquake and tsunami 1755 copper engraving showing Lisbon in flames and a tsunami overwhelming the ships in the harbor The earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755, the holy day of All Saints ' Day. Contemporary reports state that the earthquake lasted between three and a half and six minutes, causing fissures 5 metres ( 16 feet ) wide to open in the city centre. Survivors rushed to the open space of the docks for safety and watched as the water receded, revealing a sea floor littered with lost cargo and shipwrecks. Approximately 40 minutes after the earthquake, a tsunami engulfed the harbour and downtown area, rushing up the Tagus river `` so fast that several people riding on horseback... were forced to gallop as fast as possible to the upper grounds for fear of being carried away. '' It was followed by two more waves. Candles had been lit all around the city, in homes and churches alike, for All Saints ' Day, and had then been knocked dangerously over in the earthquake 's commotion. As the tsunami waters receded, the city began to burn so drastically a true firestorm burned for hours in the city, asphysxiating people up to a hundred feet from the blaze. A depiction of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake as seen from across the Tagus River Lisbon was not the only Portuguese city affected by the catastrophe. Throughout the south of the country, in particular the Algarve, destruction was rampant. The tsunami destroyed some coastal fortresses in the Algarve and, in the lower levels, it razed several houses. Almost all the coastal towns and villages of the Algarve were heavily damaged, except Faro, which was protected by the sandy banks of Ria Formosa. In Lagos, the waves reached the top of the city walls. Other towns of different Portuguese regions, such as Peniche, Cascais, and even Covilhã, which is located near the Serra da Estrela mountain range in central inland Portugal, were affected. The shock waves of the earthquake destroyed part of Covilhã 's castle walls and its large towers. On the island of Madeira, Funchal and many smaller settlements suffered significant damage. Almost all of the ports in the Azores archipelago suffered most of their destruction from the tsunami, with the sea penetrating about 150 m inland. Calculated travel times for the tsunami waves of 1 November 1755 Shocks from the earthquake were felt throughout Europe as far as Finland and North Africa, and according to some sources even in Greenland, and the Caribbean. Tsunamis as tall as 20 metres ( 66 ft ) swept the coast of North Africa, and struck Martinique and Barbados across the Atlantic. A three - metre ( ten - foot ) tsunami hit Cornwall on the southern English coast. Galway, on the west coast of Ireland, was also hit, resulting in partial destruction of the `` Spanish Arch '' section of the city wall. At Kinsale, several vessels were whirled round in the harbor, and water poured into the marketplace. In 2015, it was revealed that the tsunami waves may have reached the coast of Brazil, then a colony of Portugal. Such a hypothesis was raised by reviewing letters sent by Brazilian authorities at the time of the earthquake. These letters describe damage and destruction caused by gigantic waves. Although seismologists and geologists have always agreed that the epicentre was in the Atlantic to the West of the Iberian Peninsula, its exact location has been a subject of considerable debate. Early hypotheses had proposed the Gorringe Ridge until simulations showed that a source closer to the shore of Portugal was required to comply with the observed effects of the tsunami. A seismic reflection survey of the ocean floor along the Azores -- Gibraltar Transform Fault has revealed a 50 km - long thrust structure southwest of Cape St. Vincent, with a dip - slip throw of more than 1 km. This structure may have created the primary tectonic event. Casualties and damage The ruins of the Carmo Convent, which was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake. Economic historian Álvaro Pereira estimated that of Lisbon 's population at the time, of approximately 200,000 people, some 30,000 -- 40,000 were killed ; another 10,000 may have lost their lives in Morocco. However, a 2009 study of contemporary reports relating to the 1 November event found them vague and difficult to separate from reports of another local series of earthquakes on 18 -- 19 November. Pereira estimated the total death toll in Portugal, Spain and Morocco from the earthquake and the resulting fires and tsunami at 40,000 to 50,000 people. Eighty - five percent of Lisbon 's buildings were destroyed, including famous palaces and libraries, as well as most examples of Portugal 's distinctive 16th - century Manueline architecture. Several buildings that had suffered little earthquake damage were destroyed by the subsequent fire. The new Lisbon opera house ( the `` Ópera do Tejo '' ), opened just six months before, burned to the ground. The Royal Ribeira Palace, which stood just beside the Tagus river in the modern square of Terreiro do Paço, was destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami. Inside, the 70,000 - volume royal library as well as hundreds of works of art, including paintings by Titian, Rubens, and Correggio, were lost. The royal archives disappeared together with detailed historical records of explorations by Vasco da Gama and other early navigators. The palace of Henrique de Meneses, 3rd Marquis of Louriçal, which housed an invaluable library of 18,000 books, was also destroyed. The earthquake damaged several major churches in Lisbon, namely the Lisbon Cathedral, the Basilicas of São Paulo, Santa Catarina, São Vicente de Fora, and the Misericórdia Church. The Royal Hospital of All Saints ( the largest public hospital at the time ) in the Rossio square was consumed by fire and hundreds of patients burned to death. The tomb of national hero Nuno Álvares Pereira was also lost. Visitors to Lisbon may still walk the ruins of the Carmo Convent, which were preserved to remind Lisboners of the destruction. Relief and reconstruction efforts Further information : Pombaline style Detail from above : Executions in the aftermath of the Lisbon earthquake. At least 34 looters were hanged in the chaotic aftermath of the disaster. As a warning against looting, King Joseph I of Portugal ordered gallows to be constructed in several parts of the city. The royal family escaped unharmed from the catastrophe : King Joseph I of Portugal and the court had left the city, after attending mass at sunrise, fulfilling the wish of one of the king 's daughters to spend the holiday away from Lisbon. After the catastrophe, Joseph I developed a fear of living within walls, and the court was accommodated in a huge complex of tents and pavilions in the hills of Ajuda, then on the outskirts of Lisbon. The king 's claustrophobia never waned, and it was only after Joseph 's death that his daughter Maria I of Portugal began building the royal Ajuda Palace, which still stands on the site of the old tented camp. Like the king, the prime minister Sebastião de Melo ( 1st Marquis of Pombal ) survived the earthquake. When asked what was to be done, Pombal reportedly replied `` Bury the dead and heal the living '', and set about organizing relief and rehabilitation efforts. Firefighters were sent to extinguish the raging flames, and teams of workers and ordinary citizens were ordered to remove the thousands of corpses before disease could spread. Contrary to custom and against the wishes of the Church, many corpses were loaded onto barges and buried at sea beyond the mouth of the Tagus. To prevent disorder in the ruined city, the Portuguese Army was deployed and gallows were constructed at high points around the city to deter looters ; more than thirty people were publicly executed. The army prevented many able - bodied citizens from fleeing, pressing them into relief and reconstruction work. The king and the prime minister immediately launched efforts to rebuild the city. On 4 December 1755, little more than a month after the earthquake, Manuel da Maia, chief engineer to the realm, presented his plans for the re-building of Lisbon. Maia presented four options from abandoning Lisbon to building a completely new city. The first plan was to rebuild the old city using re-cycled materials ; this was the cheapest option. The second and third plans proposed widening certain streets. The fourth option boldly proposed razing the entire Baixa quarter and `` laying out new streets without restraint ''. This last option was chosen by the king and his minister. Model of the seismically protective wooden structure called `` gaiola pombalina '' ( pombaline cage ), developed for the reconstruction of Pombaline Lower Town In less than a year, the city was cleared of debris. Keen to have a new and perfectly ordered city, the king commissioned the construction of big squares, rectilinear, large avenues and widened streets -- the new mottos of Lisbon. The Pombaline buildings are among the earliest seismically protected constructions in Europe. Small wooden models were built for testing, and earthquakes were simulated by marching troops around them. Lisbon 's `` new '' Lower Town, known today as the Pombaline Lower Town ( Baixa Pombalina ), is one of the city 's famed attractions. Sections of other Portuguese cities, such as the Vila Real de Santo António in Algarve, were also rebuilt along Pombaline principles. The Casa Pia, a Portuguese institution founded by Maria I ( known as A Pia, `` Maria the Pious '' ), and organized by Police Intendant Pina Manique in 1780, was founded following the social disarray of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Effect on society, economy and philosophy This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2016 ) The earthquake had wide - ranging effects on the lives of the populace and intelligentsia. The earthquake had struck on an important religious holiday and had destroyed almost every important church in the city, causing anxiety and confusion amongst the citizens of a staunch and devout Roman Catholic country. Theologians and philosophers focused and speculated on the religious cause and message, seeing the earthquake as a manifestation of divine judgment. Economy A 2009 study estimated that the earthquake cost between 32 and 48 percent of Portugal 's GDP. Also, `` in spite of strict controls, prices and wages remained volatile in the years after the tragedy. The recovery from the earthquake also led to a rise in the wage premium of construction workers. More significantly, the earthquake became an opportunity to reform the economy and to reduce the economic semi-dependency vis - à - vis Britain. '' Philosophy Allegory of the 1755 Earthquake, by João Glama Strobërle ( who depicted himself standing on a pile of rubble on the lower - right corner ). The painting depicts, on the upper - left corner, an angel holding a fiery sword ( a personification of divine judgement ). The earthquake and its fallout strongly influenced the intelligentsia of the European Age of Enlightenment. The noted writer - philosopher Voltaire used the earthquake in Candide and in his Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne ( `` Poem on the Lisbon disaster '' ). Voltaire 's Candide attacks the notion that all is for the best in this, `` the best of all possible worlds '', a world closely supervised by a benevolent deity. The Lisbon disaster provided a counterexample. As Theodor Adorno wrote, `` ( t ) he earthquake of Lisbon sufficed to cure Voltaire of the theodicy of Leibniz '' ( Negative Dialectics 361 ). In the later twentieth century, following Adorno, the 1755 earthquake has sometimes been compared to the Holocaust as a catastrophe that transformed European culture and philosophy. Jean - Jacques Rousseau was also influenced by the devastation following the earthquake, whose severity he believed was due to too many people living within the close quarters of the city. Rousseau used the earthquake as an argument against cities as part of his desire for a more naturalistic way of life. Immanuel Kant published three separate texts on the Lisbon earthquake. As a younger man, fascinated with the earthquake, he collected all the information available to him in news pamphlets, and used it to formulate a theory of the causes of earthquakes. Kant 's theory, which involved the shifting of huge subterranean caverns filled with hot gases, was ( though ultimately shown to be incorrect ) one of the first systematic modern attempts to explain earthquakes by positing natural, rather than supernatural, causes. According to Walter Benjamin, Kant 's slim early book on the earthquake `` probably represents the beginnings of scientific geography in Germany. And certainly the beginnings of seismology. '' Werner Hamacher has claimed that the earthquake 's consequences extended into the vocabulary of philosophy, making the common metaphor of firm `` grounding '' for philosophers ' arguments shaky and uncertain : `` Under the impression exerted by the Lisbon earthquake, which touched the European mind in one ( of ) its more sensitive epochs, the metaphor of ground and tremor completely lost their apparent innocence ; they were no longer merely figures of speech '' ( 263 ). Hamacher claims that the foundational certainty of Descartes ' philosophy began to shake following the Lisbon earthquake. Politics The earthquake had a major impact on Portuguese politics. The prime minister was the favorite of the king, but the aristocracy despised him as an upstart son of a country squire ( although Prime Minister Sebastião de Melo is known today as Marquis of Pombal, the title was only granted in 1770, fifteen years after the earthquake ). The prime minister in turn disliked the old nobles, whom he considered corrupt and incapable of practical action. Before 1 November 1755 there was a constant struggle for power and royal favor, but the competent response of the Marquis of Pombal effectively severed the power of the old aristocratic factions. However, silent opposition and resentment of King Joseph I began to rise, which would culminate with the attempted assassination of the king and the subsequent elimination of the powerful Duke of Aveiro and the Távora family. Development of seismology The prime minister 's response was not limited to the practicalities of reconstruction. He ordered a query sent to all parishes of the country regarding the earthquake and its effects. Questions included : At what time did the earthquake begin, and how long did the earthquake last ? Did you perceive the shock to be greater from one direction than another ? Example, from north to south ? Did buildings seem to fall more to one side than the other ? How many people died and were any of them distinguished ? Did the sea rise or fall first, and how many hands did it rise above the normal ? If fire broke out, how long did it last and what damage did it cause ? The answers to these and other questions are still archived in the Torre do Tombo, the national historical archive. Studying and cross-referencing the priests ' accounts, modern scientists were able to reconstruct the event from a scientific perspective. Without the questionnaire designed by the Marquis of Pombal, this would have been impossible. Because the marquis was the first to attempt an objective scientific description of the broad causes and consequences of an earthquake, he is regarded as a forerunner of modern seismological scientists. The geological causes of this earthquake and the seismic activity in the region continue to be discussed and debated by contemporary scientists. See also Portugal portal 1755 Cape Ann earthquake Earthquake Baroque List of historical earthquakes List of historical tsunamis Southwest Iberian Margin List of earthquakes in Portugal ( pt ) Notes Jump up ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service ( NGDC / WDS ), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi : 10.7289 / V5TD9V7K Jump up ^ Between History and Periodicity : Printed and Hand - Written News in 18th - Century Portugal Jump up ^ Gutscher, M. - A. ; Baptista M.A. & Miranda J.M. ; Miranda, J.M. ( 2006 ). `` The Gibraltar Arc seismogenic zone ( part 2 ) : Constraints on a shallow east dipping fault plane source for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake provided by tsunami modeling and seismic intensity ''. Tectonophysics. 426 : 153 -- 166. Bibcode : 2006Tectp. 426... 153G. doi : 10.1016 / j. tecto. 2006.02. 025. Retrieved 20 March 2011. Jump up ^ `` Historic Earthquakes -- Lisbon, Portugal. '' U.S. Geological Survey, October 26, 2009. ( Estimate : 8.7 ) Jump up ^ Pereira ( 2006 ), page 5. Jump up ^ Viana - Baptista MA, Soares PM. Tsunami propagation along Tagus estuary ( Lisbon, Portugal ) preliminary results. Science of Tsunami Hazards 2006 ; 24 ( 5 ) : 329 Online PDF. Accessed 2009 - 05 - 23. Archived 27 May 2009 at WebCite 2009 - 05 - 27. Jump up ^ https://www.npr.org/2015/11/02/454051690/this-gulf-of-fire-examines-the-lisbon-portugal-earthquake-in-1755. Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ An Extraordinary and Surprising Agitation of the Waters,..., Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 49, ( 1755 -- 1756 ), pp. 351 -- 398, ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Memoirs of Jacques Casanova, Book 2, Ch. XXVI ; Casanova himself noted feeling the shocks when he was imprisoned in `` The Leads '' in Venice and specifically states they were the same ones that destroyed Lisbon Jump up ^ Brockhaus ' Konversations - Lexikon. 14th ed., Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna 1894 ; Vol. 6, p. 248 ^ Jump up to : Lyell, Charles. Principles of Geology. 1830. Vol. 1, chapter 25, p. 439 Online electronic edition. Accessed 2009 - 05 - 19. Archived 21 May 2009 at WebCite 2009 - 05 - 21. Jump up ^ Losekann, Marcos ( 18 October 2015 ). `` Documentos mostram que tsunami atingiu costa brasileira século XVIII ''. Fantástico ( in Portuguese ). Rede Globo. Retrieved 27 October 2015. Jump up ^ Zitellini N. et al., The tectonic source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. Anali di Geofisica 1999 ; 42 ( 1 ) : 49. Online PDF. Accessed 2009 - 05 - 23. Archived 27 May 2009 at WebCite 2009 - 05 - 27. Jump up ^ Blanc P. - L. ( 2009 ) Earthquakes and tsunami in November 1755 in Morocco : a different reading of contemporaneous documentary sources. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2009 ; 9 : 725 -- 738. Jump up ^ Pereira ( 2006 ), pages 8 -- 9. Jump up ^ pages 33 -- 9921. Jump up ^ `` A Comprehensive Report of the Great Lisbon Earthquake ''. Retrieved 2015 - 03 - 14. Jump up ^ T.D. Kendrick. The Lisbon Earthquake. p. 75. Kendrick writes that the remark is apocryphal and is attributed to other sources in anti-Pombal literature. Jump up ^ Gunn ( 2008 ), page 77. Jump up ^ Shrady, The Last Day pp. 152 -- 155. Jump up ^ `` The Lisbon Earthquake ''. Archive.org. Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 07. ^ Jump up to : Pereira, Alvaro S. ( 2009 - 06 - 01 ). `` The Opportunity of a Disaster : The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake ''. The Journal of Economic History. 69 ( 2 ) : 466 -- 499. doi : 10.1017 / S0022050709000850. ISSN 1471 - 6372. Jump up ^ `` Japan tsunami is small compared to five of world 's biggest tsunamis ''. Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 07. Jump up ^ Shrady, The Last Day, pp. 145 -- 146 References Benjamin, Walter. `` The Lisbon Earthquake. '' In Selected Writings vol. 2. Belknap, 1999. ISBN 0 - 674 - 94586 - 7. The often abstruse critic Benjamin gave a series of radio broadcasts for children in the early 1930s ; this one, from 1931, discusses the Lisbon earthquake and summarizes some of its impact on European thought. Braun, Theodore E.D., and John B. Radner, eds. The Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 : Representations and Reactions ( SVEC 2005 : 02 ). Oxford : Voltaire Foundation, 2005. ISBN 0 - 7294 - 0857 - 4. Recent scholarly essays on the earthquake and its representations in art, with a focus on Voltaire. ( In English and French. ) Brooks, Charles B. Disaster at Lisbon : The Great Earthquake of 1755. Long Beach : Shangton Longley Press, 1994. ( No apparent ISBN. ) A narrative history. Chase, J. `` The Great Earthquake At Lisbon ( 1755 ) ''. Colliers Magazine, 1920. Dynes, Russell Rowe. `` The dialogue between Voltaire and Rousseau on the Lisbon earthquake : The emergence of a social science view. '' University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, 1999. Fonseca, J.D. 1755, O Terramoto de Lisboa, The Lisbon Earthquake. Argumentum, Lisbon, 2004. Gunn, A.M. `` Encyclopedia of Disasters ''. Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. ISBN 0 - 313 - 34002 - 1. Hamacher, Werner. `` The Quaking of Presentation. '' In Premises : Essays on Philosophy and Literature from Kant to Celan, pp. 261 -- 293. Stanford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0 - 8047 - 3620 - 0. Kendrick, T.D. The Lisbon Earthquake. Philadelphia and New York : J.B. Lippincott, 1957. Molesky, Mark. This Gulf of Fire : The Destruction of Lisbon, or Apocalypse in the Age of Science and Reason. New York : Knopf, 2015. Neiman, Susan. Evil in Modern Thought : An Alternative History of Modern Philosophy. Princeton University Press, 2002. This book centers on philosophical reaction to the earthquake, arguing that the earthquake was responsible for modern conceptions of evil. Paice, Edward. Wrath of God : The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. London : Quercus, 2008. ISBN 978 - 1 - 84724 - 623 - 3 Pereira, A.S. `` The Opportunity of a Disaster : The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake ''. Discussion Paper 06 / 03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006. Quenet, Grégory. Les tremblements de terre en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. La naissance d'un risque. Seyssel : Champ Vallon, 2005. Ray, Gene. `` Reading the Lisbon Earthquake : Adorno, Lyotard, and the Contemporary Sublime. '' Yale Journal of Criticism 17.1 ( 2004 ) : pp. 1 -- 18. Seco e Pinto, P.S. ( Editor ). Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering : Proceedings of the Second International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 21 -- 25 June, 1999. ISBN 90 - 5809 - 116 - 3 Shrady, Nicholas. The Last Day : Wrath, Ruin & Reason in The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, Penguin, 2008, ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 311460 - 4 Weinrich, Harald. `` Literaturgeschichte eines Weltereignisses : Das Erdbeben von Lissabon. '' In Literatur für Leser, pp. 64 -- 76. Stuttgart : Kohlhammer, 1971. ISBN 3 - 17 - 087225 - 7. In German. Cited by Hamacher as a broad survey of philosophical and literary reactions to the Lisbon earthquake. External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` 1755 Lisbon earthquake '' dated 2005 - 04 - 30, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Media related to Lisbon earthquake of 1755 at Wikimedia Commons The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 : the catastrophe and its European repercussions. The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake, available seismological studies from the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake Images and historical depictions of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake More images of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami Contemporary eyewitness account of Rev. Charles Davy Tsunami Forecast Model Animation : Lisbon 1755 -- Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Lisbon Buildings Culture Economy Education Geography Bairros Parishes District Metro Area Government Mayors History Timeline Media People Sport Transport Lisbon at Wikimedia Commons. Portugal portal Years in Portugal 12th - 15th centuries 1139 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s 1470s 1480s 1490s 1500 16th century 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 17th century 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 18th century 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 19th century 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 20th century 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 21st century 2017 2018 2019 2020 Portugal articles History Timeline Oestriminis Ophiussa Hispania Lusitania Gallaecia Lusitanians Suebi Buri Visigoths County of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Monarchs 1383 -- 85 Crisis Consolidation Discoveries Odyssey Empire Renaissance Treaty of Tordesillas 1755 Lisbon earthquake Peninsular War Liberal Revolution Civil War Constitutional Monarchy Republican Revolution First Republic World War I 28 de Maio Estado Novo Carnation Revolution Third Republic By topic Economy Military Geography Cities Estrela Mountains Islands Lakes Regions Rivers Volcanoes Politics Administrative divisions Autonomous regions Municipalities Elections Foreign relations Government Judiciary Law Constitution Law enforcement LGBT history Military Parliament Political parties President Economy Agriculture Central bank Economic history Energy Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) Fishing Mining Science and technology Stock Exchange Telecommunications Internet Tourism Transport Society Crime Demographics Education Health Healthcare Housing Immigration Languages People Time Culture Architecture Portuguese pavement Cinema Cuisine wine Literature Media Newspapers Radio TV Monuments Music Public holidays Religion Sport Symbols Coat of arms Flag Anthem Outline Index Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&oldid=824182589 '' Categories : Earthquakes in Portugal History of Lisbon 1755 in Portugal 1755 earthquakes 1755 tsunamis Earthquakes in Spain Earthquakes in Morocco 18th century in Morocco Hidden categories : Webarchive template webcite links Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from October 2016 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017 Interlanguage link template link number Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Use dmy dates from May 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ирон Íslenska Italiano עברית Magyar മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Sardu Scots Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 February 2018, at 20 : 31. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what was the magnitude of the lisbon earthquake
Answer: in the range 8.5–9.0