Kamarupa - Wikipedia Kamarupa This article is about 350 - 1140 Kingdom. For other uses, see Kamarupa ( disambiguation ). Kamarupa Kingdom 350 -- 1140 The 7th and 8th century extent of Kamarupa kingdom, located on the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent, what is today modern - day Assam, Bengal and Bhutan. Kamarupa at its height covered the entire Brahmaputra Valley, North Bengal, Bhutan and northern part of Bangladesh, and at times portions of West Bengal and Bihar. Status Empire Capital Pragjyotishpura Haruppeswara Durjaya Government Absolute monarchy, unitary state Succeeded by Ahom kingdom Kachari kingdom Kamata kingdom Chutiya Kingdom Sylhet_Division Baro Bhuyans Bhutanese Kingdom Today part of India Bhutan Bangladesh Myanmar Outline of South Asian history Palaeolithic ( 2,500,000 -- 250,000 BC ) Madrasian Culture Soanian Culture Neolithic ( 10,800 -- 3300 BC ) Bhirrana Culture ( 7570 -- 6200 BC ) Mehrgarh Culture ( 7000 -- 3300 BC ) Edakkal Culture ( 5000 -- 3000 BC ) Chalcolithic ( 3500 -- 1500 BC ) Anarta tradition ( c. 3950 -- 1900 BC ) Ahar - Banas Culture ( 3000 -- 1500 BC ) Pandu Culture ( 1600 -- 1500 BC ) Malwa Culture ( 1600 -- 1300 BC ) Jorwe Culture ( 1400 -- 700 BC ) Bronze Age ( 3300 -- 1300 BC ) Indus Valley Civilisation ( 3300 -- 1300 BC ) -- Early Harappan Culture ( 3300 -- 2600 BC ) -- Mature Harappan Culture ( 2600 -- 1900 BC ) -- Late Harappan Culture ( 1900 -- 1300 BC ) Vedic Civilisation ( 2000 -- 500 BC ) -- Ochre Coloured Pottery culture ( 2000 -- 1600 BC ) -- Swat culture ( 1600 -- 500 BC ) Iron Age ( 1500 -- 200 BC ) Vedic Civilisation ( 1500 -- 500 BC ) -- Janapadas ( 1500 -- 600 BC ) -- Black and Red ware culture ( 1300 -- 1000 BC ) -- Painted Grey Ware culture ( 1200 -- 600 BC ) -- Northern Black Polished Ware ( 700 -- 200 BC ) Pradyota Dynasty ( 799 -- 684 BC ) Haryanka Dynasty ( 684 -- 424 BC ) Three Crowned Kingdoms ( c. 600 BC -- AD 1600 ) Maha Janapadas ( c. 600 -- 300 BC ) Achaemenid Empire ( 550 -- 330 BC ) Ror Dynasty ( 450 BC -- AD 489 ) Shishunaga Dynasty ( 424 -- 345 BC ) Nanda Empire ( 380 -- 321 BC ) Macedonian Empire ( 330 -- 323 BC ) Maurya Empire ( 321 -- 184 BC ) Seleucid India ( 312 -- 303 BC ) Pandya Empire ( c. 300 BC -- AD 1345 ) Chera Kingdom ( c. 300 BC -- AD 1102 ) Chola Empire ( c. 300 BC -- AD 1279 ) Pallava Empire ( c. 250 BC -- AD 800 ) Maha - Megha - Vahana Empire ( c. 250 BC -- c. AD 500 ) Parthian Empire ( 247 BC -- AD 224 ) Middle Kingdoms ( 230 BC -- AD 1206 ) Satavahana Empire ( 230 BC -- AD 220 ) Kuninda Kingdom ( 200 BC -- AD 300 ) Mitra Dynasty ( c. 150 -- c. 50 BC ) Shunga Empire ( 185 -- 73 BC ) Indo - Greek Kingdom ( 180 BC -- AD 10 ) Kanva Empire ( 75 -- 26 BC ) Indo - Scythian Kingdom ( 50 BC -- AD 400 ) Indo - Parthian Kingdom ( AD 21 -- c. 130 ) Western Satrap Empire ( AD 35 -- 405 ) Kushan Empire ( AD 60 -- 240 ) Bharshiva Dynasty ( 170 -- 350 ) Nagas of Padmavati ( 210 -- 340 ) Sasanian Empire ( 224 -- 651 ) Indo - Sassanid Kingdom ( 230 -- 360 ) Vakataka Empire ( c. 250 -- c. 500 ) Kalabhras Empire ( c. 250 -- c. 600 ) Gupta Empire ( 280 -- 550 ) Kadamba Empire ( 345 -- 525 ) Western Ganga Kingdom ( 350 -- 1000 ) Kamarupa Kingdom ( 350 -- 1100 ) Vishnukundina Empire ( 420 -- 624 ) Maitraka Empire ( 475 -- 767 ) Huna Kingdom ( 475 -- 576 ) Rai Kingdom ( 489 -- 632 ) Kabul Shahi Empire ( c. 500 -- 1026 ) Chalukya Empire ( 543 -- 753 ) Maukhari Empire ( c. 550 -- c. 700 ) Harsha Empire ( 606 -- 647 ) Tibetan Empire ( 618 -- 841 ) Eastern Chalukya Kingdom ( 624 -- 1075 ) Rashidun Caliphate ( 632 -- 661 ) Gurjara - Pratihara Empire ( 650 -- 1036 ) Umayyad Caliphate ( 661 -- 750 ) Pala Empire ( 750 -- 1174 ) Rashtrakuta Empire ( 753 -- 982 ) Paramara Kingdom ( 800 -- 1327 ) Yadava Empire ( 850 -- 1334 ) Chaulukya Kingdom ( 942 -- 1244 ) Western Chalukya Empire ( 973 -- 1189 ) Lohara Kingdom ( 1003 -- 1320 ) Hoysala Empire ( 1040 -- 1346 ) Sena Empire ( 1070 -- 1230 ) Eastern Ganga Empire ( 1078 -- 1434 ) Kakatiya Kingdom ( 1083 -- 1323 ) Zamorin Kingdom ( 1102 -- 1766 ) Kalachuris of Tripuri ( 675 - 1210 ) Kalachuris of Kalyani ( 1156 -- 1184 ) Chutiya Kingdom ( 1187 -- 1673 ) Deva Kingdom ( c. 1200 -- c. 1300 ) Late medieval period ( 1206 -- 1526 ) Delhi Sultanate ( 1206 -- 1526 ) -- Mamluk Sultanate ( 1206 -- 1290 ) -- Khalji Sultanate ( 1290 -- 1320 ) -- Tughlaq Sultanate ( 1320 -- 1414 ) -- Sayyid Sultanate ( 1414 -- 1451 ) -- Lodi Sultanate ( 1451 -- 1526 ) Ahom Kingdom ( 1228 -- 1826 ) Chitradurga Kingdom ( 1300 -- 1779 ) Reddy Kingdom ( 1325 -- 1448 ) Vijayanagara Empire ( 1336 -- 1646 ) Bengal Sultanate ( 1352 -- 1576 ) Garhwal Kingdom ( 1358 -- 1803 ) Mysore Kingdom ( 1399 -- 1947 ) Gajapati Kingdom ( 1434 -- 1541 ) Deccan Sultanates ( 1490 -- 1596 ) -- Ahmadnagar Sultanate ( 1490 -- 1636 ) -- Berar Sultanate ( 1490 -- 1574 ) -- Bidar Sultanate ( 1492 -- 1619 ) -- Bijapur Sultanate ( 1492 -- 1686 ) -- Golkonda Sultanate ( 1518 -- 1687 ) Keladi Kingdom ( 1499 -- 1763 ) Koch Kingdom ( 1515 -- 1947 ) Early modern period ( 1526 -- 1858 ) Mughal Empire ( 1526 -- 1858 ) Sur Empire ( 1540 -- 1556 ) Madurai Kingdom ( 1559 -- 1736 ) Thanjavur Kingdom ( 1572 -- 1918 ) Bengal Subah ( 1576 -- 1757 ) Marava Kingdom ( 1600 -- 1750 ) Thondaiman Kingdom ( 1650 -- 1948 ) Maratha Empire ( 1674 -- 1818 ) Sikh Confederacy ( 1707 -- 1799 ) Travancore Kingdom ( 1729 -- 1947 ) Sikh Empire ( 1799 -- 1849 ) Colonial states ( 1510 -- 1961 ) Portuguese India ( 1510 -- 1961 ) Dutch India ( 1605 -- 1825 ) Danish India ( 1620 -- 1869 ) French India ( 1759 -- 1954 ) Company Raj ( 1757 -- 1858 ) British Raj ( 1858 -- 1947 ) Periods of Sri Lanka Prehistory ( Until 543 BC ) Early kingdoms period ( 543 BC -- 377 BC ) Anuradhapura period ( 377 BC -- AD 1017 ) Polonnaruwa period ( 1056 -- 1232 ) Transitional period ( 1232 -- 1505 ) Crisis of the Sixteenth Century ( 1505 -- 1594 ) Kandyan period ( 1594 -- 1815 ) British Ceylon ( 1815 -- 1948 ) Contemporary Sri Lanka ( 1948 -- present ) National histories Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Regional histories Assam Balochistan Bengal Bihar Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Kabul Kashmir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Rajasthan Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Punjab Odisha Sindh South India Tamil Nadu Tibet Specialised histories Agriculture Architecture Coinage Demographics Dynasties Economy Education Indology Influence on Southeast Asia Language Literature Maritime Metallurgy Military Partition of India Pakistan studies Philosophy Religion Science & Technology Timeline Part of a series on the Culture of Assam History Protohistoric Pragjyotisha Kingdom Danava Dynasty Naraka Dynasty Ancient Davaka Kamarupa Medieval Ahom Kingdom Chutiya Kingdom Kachari Kingdom Kamata Kingdom Baro - Bhuyan Colonial Colonial Assam Assam Province People Ahoms Assamese Brahmins Muslims Assamese Sikhs Kalitas Kaibartas Sutiyas Tribes Bodos Deuris Dimasas Karbis Koch Rajbongshis Misíngs Rabhas Tea tribes People of Assam Languages Asamiya, Bodo Script Dialects Goalpariya Kamrupi Traditions Bihu Gamosa Kirtans - Namghars Lagundeoni Pujas Satras Xorai Zikir Cuisine Rice Poitabhat Jolpan Fish Masor Tenga Sweets Narikol'or Laru Til'or Laru Snacks Pitha Sauces Bilahir top Drink Assam Tea Festivals Ambubachi Mela Ahoms : Me - Dam - Me - Phi Bihu Durga Puja Sahitya Sabhas Religion Art Cultural Development of Kamarupa Literature History Beginnings Orunodoi Era Jonaki Era Archives Charyapads Kotha Ramayana The Orunodoi The Jonaki The Hemkosh Kodom Koli Genres Poetry Novels Folk literature Institutions Assam Sahitya Sabha Oxomiya Bhaxa Unnati Xadhini Xobha Awards Assam Ratna Asam Sahitya Sabha Award Kamal Kumari Foundation Award Krishnakanta Handique Award Music and performing arts Music Performing arts Media Cinema Joymoti - the first motion picture Assam portal The findspots of inscriptions associated with the Kamarupa kingdom give an estimate of its geographical location and extent. Kāmarūpa ( / ˈkɑːməˌruːpə / ; also called Pragjyotisha ), was a power during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent ; and along with Davaka, the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa existed from 350 CE to 1140 CE, Davaka was absorbed by Kamarupa in the 5th century CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present - day Guwahati, North Guwahati and Tezpur, Kamarupa at its height covered the entire Brahmaputra Valley, North Bengal, Bhutan and northern part of Bangladesh, and at times portions of West Bengal and Bihar. Though the historical kingdom disappeared by the 12th century to be replaced by smaller political entities, the notion of Kamarupa persisted and ancient and medieval chroniclers continued to call this region by this name. In the 16th century the Ahom kingdom came into prominence and assumed for itself the political and territorial legacy of the Kamarupa kingdom. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Antecedents 3 Boundaries 4 State 5 Political history 5.1 Varman dynasty ( c. 350 -- c. 650 ) 5.2 Mlechchha dynasty ( c. 655 -- c. 900 CE ) 5.3 Pala dynasty ( c. 900 -- c. 1100 ) 5.4 Non-dynastic Independent Kings 5.5 Lunar dynasty 5.6 End of Kamarupa kingdom and the beginning of Kamata 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References Etymology The kingdom derived its name from the region it constitutes. The origin of the name is attributed to be of Austric origin. Antecedents Kamarupa and the northeast Indian region find no mention in the Ashokan records ( 3rd century BCE ). The first dated mention comes from the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ( 1st century ) where it describes a people called Sêsatai, and the second mention comes from Ptolemy 's Geographia ( 2nd century ) calls the region Kirrhadia after the Kirata population. Arthashastra ( early centuries of the Christian era ) mentions `` Lauhitya '', which is identified with Brahmaptra valley by a later commentator. The earliest mention of a kingdom comes from the 4th - century Allahabad inscription of Samudragupta that calls the kings of Kamarupa ( Western Assam ) and Davaka ( now in Nagaon district ) frontier rulers ( pratyanta nripati ). The Chinese traveler Xuanzang visited the kingdom in the 7th century, then ruled by Bhaskaravarman. The corpus of Kamarupa inscriptions left by the rulers of Kamarupa, including Bhaskaravarman, at various places in Assam and present - day Bangladesh are important sources of information. Nevertheless, local grants completely eschew the name Kamarupa ; instead they use the name Pragjyotisha, with the kings called Pragjyotishadhipati. Boundaries The kingdom in the fourth century was small, located to the west of Nagaon that soon engulfed the entire Brahmaputra valley and beyond. According to the 10th century Kalika Purana and the 7th century Xuanzang, the western boundary was the historical Karatoya River. The eastern border was the temple of the goddess Tamreshvari ( Pūrvāte Kāmarūpasya devī Dikkaravasini, given in Kalika Purana ) near present - day Sadiya, in the eastern most corner of Assam, which too agrees with Xuanzang. The people of Kamarupa were aware of Sichuan which lay two months ' journey away from its eastern borders. The southern boundary was near the border between the Dhaka and Mymensingh districts in Bangladesh. Thus it spanned the entire Brahmaputra valley and at various times included present - day Bhutan and parts of Bangladesh. This is supported by the various epigraphic records found scattered over these regions. The kingdom appears to have broken up entirely by the 13th century into smaller kingdoms and from among them rose the Kamata kingdom, Dimasa kingdom and the Chutiya kingdom as the main successors. The Shans who entered Assam in 1228 later took power and ruled over Assam, while the rest was absorbed by the Mughals State The extent of state structures can be culled from the numerous Kamarupa inscriptions left behind by the Kamarupa kings as well as accounts left by travellers such as those from Xuanzang. Governance followed the classical saptanga structure of state. Kings and courts : The king was considered to be of divine origin. Succession was primogeniture, but two major breaks resulted in different dynasties. In the second, the high officials of the state elected a king, Brahmapala, after the previous king died without leaving an heir. The royal court consisted of a Rajaguru, poets, learned men and physicians. Different epigraphic records mention different officials of the palace : Mahavaradhipati, Mahapratihara, Mahallakapraudhika, etc. Council of Ministers : The king was advised by a council of ministers ( Mantriparisada ), and Xuanzang mentions a meeting Bhaskaravarman had with his ministers. According to the Kamauli grant, these positions were filled by Brahmanas and were hereditary. State functions were specialized and there were different groups of officers looking after different departments. Revenue : Land revenue ( kara ) was collected by special tax - collectors from cultivators. Cultivators who had no proprietary rights on the lands they tilled paid uparikara. Duties ( sulka ) were collected by toll collectors ( Keot ( Kaivarta ) an indigenous fishermen community ) from merchants who plied keeled boats. The state maintained a monopoly on copper mines ( kamalakara ). The state maintained its stores and treasury via officials : Bhandagaradhikrita and Koshthagarika. Grants : The king occasionally gave Brahmanas grants ( brahmadeya ), which consisted generally of villages, water resources, wastelands etc. ( agraharas ). Such grants conferred on the donee the right to collect revenue and the right to be free of any regular tax himself and immunity from other harassments. Sometimes, the Brahmanas were relocated from North India, with a view to establish varnashramdharma. Nevertheless, the existence of donees indicate the existence of a feudal class. Grants made to temples and religious institutions were called dharmottara and devottara respectively. Land survey : The land was surveyed and classified. Arable lands ( kshetra ) were held individually or by families, whereas wastelands ( khila ) and forests were held collectively. There were lands called bhucchidranyaya that were left unsurveyed by the state on which no tax was levied. Administration : The entire kingdom was divided into a hierarchy of administrative divisions. From the highest to the lowest, they were bhukti, mandala, vishaya, pura ( towns ), agrahara ( collection of villages ) and grama ( village ). These units were administered by headed by rajanya, rajavallabha, vishayapati etc. Some other offices were nyayakaranika, vyavaharika, kayastha etc., led by the adhikara. They dispensed judicial duties too, though the ultimate authority lay with the king. Law enforcement and punishments were made by officers called dandika, ( magistrate ) and dandapashika ( one who executed the orders of a dandika ). Political History Main article : Early Period of Kamarupa Part of a series on the History of Kamarupa Ruling dynasties Varman dynasty ( 350 -- 650 CE ) Pushyavarman 350 -- 374 Samudravarman 374 -- 398 Balavarman 398 -- 422 Kalyanavarman 422 -- 446 Ganapativarman 446 -- 470 Mahendravarman 470 -- 494 Narayanavarman 494 -- 518 Bhutivarman 518 -- 542 Chandramukhavarman 542 -- 566 Sthitavarman 566 -- 590 Susthitavarman 590 -- 595 Supratisthitavarman 595 -- 600 Bhaskaravarman 600 -- 650 Avantivarman Unknown Mlechchha dynasty ( 650 -- 900 CE ) Salasthamba 650 -- 670 Vigrahastambha 670 -- 680 Palaka 680 -- 695 Kumara 695 -- 710 Vajra 710 -- 725 Harshavarman 725 -- 745 Balavarman II 745 -- 760 Salambha 795 -- 815 Harjjaravarman 815 -- 832 Vanamalavarman 832 -- 855 Jayamala 855 -- 860 Balavarman III 860 -- 880 Tyagasimha 890 -- 900 Pala Dynasty ( 900 -- 1100 CE ) Brahma Pala 900 -- 920 Ratna Pala 920 -- 960 Indra Pala 960 -- 990 Go Pala 990 -- 1015 Harsha Pala 1015 -- 1035 Dharma Pala 1035 -- 1060 Jaya Pala 1075 -- 1100 Kamarupa, first mentioned on Samudragupta 's Allahabad rock pillar as a frontier kingdom, began as a subordinate but sovereign ally of the Gupta empire around present - day Guwahati in the 4th century. It finds mention along with Davaka, a kingdom to the east of Kamarupa in the Kapili river valley in present - day Nagaon district, but which is never mentioned again as an independent political entity in later historical records. Kamarupa, which was probably one among many such state structures, grew territorially to encompass the entire Brahmaputra valley and beyond. The kingdom was ruled by three major dynasties, all of which drew their lineage from the legendary aboriginal king Naraka, who is said to have established his line by defeating another aboriginal king Ghatakasura of the Danava dynasty. Varman dynasty ( c. 350 -- c. 650 ) Main article : Varman dynasty Pushyavarman ( 350 -- 374 ) established the Varman Dynasty, by fighting many enemies from within and without his kingdom ; but his son Samudravarman ( 374 -- 398 ), named after Samudragupta, was accepted as an overlord by many local rulers. Nevertheless, subsequent kings continued their attempts to stabilise and expand the kingdom. The Nagajari Khanikargaon rock inscription of 5th century found in Sarupathar in Golaghat district of Assam adduces the fact that the kingdom spread to the east very quickly. Kalyanavarman ( 422 -- 446 ) occupied Davaka and Mahendravarman ( 470 -- 494 ) further eastern areas. Narayanavarma ( 494 -- 518 ) and his son Bhutivarman ( 518 -- 542 ) offered the ashwamedha ( horse sacrifice ) ; and as the Nidhanpur inscription of Bhaskarvarman avers, these expansions included the region of Chandrapuri visaya, identified with present - day Sylhet division. Thus, the small but powerful kingdom that Pushyavarman established grew in fits and starts over many generations of kings and expanded to include adjoining possibly smaller kingdoms and parts of Bangladesh. After the initial expansion till the beginning of Bhutivarman 's reign, the kingdom came under attack from Yasodharman ( 525 -- 535 ) of Malwa, the first major assault from the west. Though it is unclear what the effect of this invasion was on the kingdom ; that Bhutivarman 's grandson, Sthitavarman ( 566 -- 590 ), enjoyed victories over the Gauda of Karnasuvarna and performed two aswamedha ceremonies suggests that the Kamarupa kingdom had recovered nearly in full. His son, Susthitavarman ( 590 -- 600 ) came under the attack of Mahasenagupta of East Malwa. These back and forth invasions were a result of a system of alliances that pitted the Kamarupa kings ( allied to the Maukharis ) against the Gaur kings ( allied with the East Malwa kings ). Susthitavarman died as the Gaur invasion was on, and his two sons, Suprathisthitavarman and Bhaskarvarman fought against an elephant force and were captured and taken to Gaur. They were able to regain their kingdom due probably to a promise of allegiance. Suprathisthitavarman 's reign is given as 595 -- 600, a very short period, at the end of which he died without an heir. Supratisthitavarman was succeeded by his brother, Bhaskarvarman ( 600 -- 650 ), the most illustrious of the Varman kings who succeeded in turning his kingdom and invading the very kingdom that had taken him captive. Bhaskarvarman had become strong enough to offer his alliance with Harshavardhana just as the Thanesar king ascended the throne in 606 after the murder of his brother, the previous king, by Shashanka of Gaur. Harshavardhana finally took control over the kingless Maukhari kingdom and moved his capital to Kanauj. The alliance between Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman squeezed Shashanka from either side and reduced his kingdom, though it is unclear whether this alliance resulted in his complete defeat. Nevertheless, Bhaskarvarman did issue the Nidhanpur copper - plate inscription from his victory camp in the Gaur capital Karnasuvarna ( present - day Murshidabad, West Bengal ) to replace a grant issued earlier by Bhutivarman for a settlement in the Sylhet region of present - day Bangladesh. Mlechchha dynasty ( c. 655 -- c. 900 CE ) Main article : Mlechchha dynasty After Bhaskaravarman 's death without an heir, the kingdom passed into the hands of Salasthambha ( 655 -- 670 ), an erstwhile local governor and a member of an aboriginal group called Mlechchha ( or Mech ), after a period of civil and political strife. This dynasty too drew its lineage from the Naraka dynasty, though it had no dynastic relationship with the previous Varman dynasty. The capital of this dynasty was Haruppeshvara, now identified with modern Dah Parbatiya near Tezpur. The kingdom took on feudal characteristics with political power shared between the king and second and third tier rulers called mahasamanta and samanta who enjoyed considerable autonomy. The last ruler in this line was Tyāga Singha ( 890 -- 900 ). Pala dynasty ( c. 900 -- c. 1100 ) Main article : Pala dynasty ( Kamarupa ) After the death of Tyāgasimha without an heir, a member of the Bhauma family, Brahmapala ( 900 -- 920 ), was elected as king by the ruling chieftains, just as Gopala of the Pala dynasty of Bengal was elected. The original capital of this dynasty was Hadapeshvara, and was shifted to Durjaya built by Ratnapala ( 920 -- 960 ), near modern Guwahati. The greatest of the Pala kings, Dharmapala ( 1035 -- 1060 ) had his capital at Kamarupanagara, now identified with North Guwahati. The last Pala king was Jayapala ( 1075 -- 1100 ). Around this time, Kamarupa was attacked and the western portion was conquered by the Pala king Ramapala. Non-dynastic independent kings The Gaur king could not hold Kamarupa for long, and Timgyadeva ( 1110 -- 1126 ) ruled Kamarupa independently for some time. Vaidyadeva, a minister of the Gaur king Kumarapala ( the son of Ramapala ) began an expedition against Timgyadeva and installed himself as a ruler at Hamshkonchi in the Kamrup region. Though he maintained friendly relationships with Kumarapala, he styled himself after the Kamarupa kings issuing grants under the elephant seal of erstwhile Kamarupa kings and assuming the title of Maharajadhiraja. Lunar dynasty Not much is known about dynastic kings from this period. Nevertheless, a single inscription ( 1185 ) gives a list of four rulers that have been called the Lunar dynasty -- Bhaskara, Rayarideva, Udayakarna and Vallabhadeva, dated to 1120 -- 1200. The period saw a waning of the Kamarupa kingdom, and in 1206 the Afghan Muhammad - i - Bakhtiyar passed through Kamarupa against Tibet which ended in disaster, the first of many Turko - Afghan invasions. The ruler of Kamarupa at this point was Prithu ( d. 1228, called Britu in Tabaqat - i Nasiri ), who is sometimes identified with Visvasundara, the son of Vallabhadeva of the Lunar dynasty, mentioned in the Gachtal inscription of 1232 A.D. Prithu withstood invasions ( 1226 -- 27 ) from Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah of Gauda who retreated, but was killed in the subsequent invasion by Nasir ud din Mahmud in 1228. Nasir - ud - din installed a tributary king but after his death in 1229 there was much civil strife. End of Kamarupa kingdom and the beginning of Kamata There emerged a strong ruler named Sandhya ( c. 1250 -- 1270 ), the Rai of Kamrup, with his capital at Kamarupanagara in present - day North Guwahati. Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak, a governor of Gaur for the Mameluk rulers of Delhi, attempted an invasive attack on Sandhya 's domain in 1257 ; and Sandhya, with the help of the spring floods that same year, captured and killed the Sultan. Subsequent to this attack, Sandhya moved his capital from Kamarupanagara to Kamatapur ( North Bengal ) and established a new kingdom, that came to be called Kamata. At that time, western Kamarupa was being ruled by the chiefs of the Bodo people, Koch and Mech tribes. In parts of the erstwhile Kamarupa the Kachari kingdom ( central Assam, South bank ), Baro Bhuyans ( central Assam, North bank ), and the Chutiya kingdom ( east ) were emerging. The Ahoms, who would establish a strong and independent kingdom later, began building their state structures in the region between the Kachari and the Chutiya kingdoms in 1228. See also Kamrup ( disambiguation ) History of Assam Notes ^ Jump up to : ( Dutta 2008 : 281 ), reproduced from ( Acharya 1968 ). ^ Jump up to : Sircar ( 1990a ), pp. 63 -- 68. Jump up ^ `` Meet the Axomiya Sikhs ''. The Tribune. Chandigarh. 24 March 2013. Jump up ^ Lahiri ( 1991 ), pp. 26 -- 28. Jump up ^ Suresh Kant Sharma, Usha Sharma - 2005, `` Discovery of North - East India : Geography, History, Culture,... - Volume 3 '', Page 248, Davaka ( Nowgong ) and Kamarupa as separate and submissive friendly kingdoms. ^ Jump up to : `` As regards the eastern limits of the kingdom, Davaka was absorbed within Kamarupa under Kalyanavarman and the outlying regions were brought under subjugation by Mahendravarman. '' ( Choudhury 1959, p. 47 ) Jump up ^ `` It is presumed that ( Kalyanavarman ) conquered Davaka, incorporating it within the kingdom of Kamarupa '' ( Puri 1968, p. 11 ) Jump up ^ `` According to the Kalika Purana and the Yogonitantra, the ancient Kamarupa included, besides the districts of modern Assam, Cooch - Behar, Rang - pura, Jalpaiguri and Dinajpur within its territory. '' ( Saikia 1997, p. 3 ) Jump up ^ In the medieval times the region between the Sankosh river and the Barnadi river on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra river was defined as Kamrup ( or Koch Hajo in Persian chronicles ) ( Sarkar 1990 : 95 ) Jump up ^ `` They also looked upon themselves as the heirs of the glory that was ancient Kamarupa by right of conquest, and they long cherished infructuously their unfulfilled hopes of expandling up to that frontier. '' ( Guha 1983 : 24 ). ' An Ahom force reached the banks of the Karatoya in hot pursuit of an invading Truko - Afghan army in the 1530 's. Since then `` the washing of the sword in the Karatoya '' became a symbol of the Assamese aspirations, repeatedly evoked in the Bar - Mels and mentioned in the chronicles. '' ( Guha 1983 : 33 ) Jump up ^ ( Puri 1968, p. 4 ) Jump up ^ Besatae in the Schoff translation and also sometimes used by Ptolemy, they are a people similar to Kirradai and they lived in the region between `` Assam and Sichuan '' ( Casson 1989, pp. 241 -- 243 ) Jump up ^ `` The Periplus of the Erythraen Sea ( last quarter of the first century A.D ) and Ptolemy 's Geography ( middle of the second century A.D ) appear to call the land including Assam Kirrhadia after its Kirata population. '' ( Sircar 1990 : 60 - 61 ) Jump up ^ ``... the Arthashastra in its present form has to be assigned to the early centuries of the Christian era and the commentaries to much later dates. '' ( Sircar 1990, p. 61 ) Jump up ^ Niśipada Caudhurī ( 1985 ), Historical archaeology of central Assam, p. 2 Jump up ^ `` If we go by Bhattaswamin 's commentary on Arthashastra Magadha was already importing certain items of trade from this ( Brahmaputra ) Valley in Kautilya 's days '' ( Guha 1984, p. 76 ) Jump up ^ ( Sharma 1978, p. xv ) Jump up ^ Bhushan 2005, p. 21. Jump up ^ `` The name Kamarupa does not appear in local grants where Pragjyotisha alone figures with the local rulers called Pragjyotishadhipati. '' ( Puri 1968, p. 3 ) Jump up ^ Sailendra Nath Sen ( 1999 ), Ancient Indian History and Civilization, p. 303 Kamarupa at that time did not comprise the whole of the Assam valley as Davaka mentioned along with Kamarupa in the Allahabad Inscription, has been located in modern Nowgong district. Jump up ^ ``... the temple of the goddess Tameshwari ( Dikkaravasini ) is now located at modern Sadiya about 100 miles to the northeast of Sibsagar '' ( Sircar 1990a : 63 -- 64 ) Jump up ^ `` To the east of Kamarupa, the description continues, the country was a series of hills and hillocks without any principal city, and it reached the to the southwest Barbarians ( of China ) '' ( Watters 1905 : 186 ) Therefore, the hills to the east of Kamarupa could not have been the Karbi Hills because they do not reach to the southwest of China. Jump up ^ `` The pilgrim learned from the people ( of Kamarupa ) that the southwest borders of Szuchuan were distant about 2 months ' journey, but the mountains and rivers were hard to pass, there were pestinential vapurs and poisonous snakes and herbs. '' ( Watters 1905 : 186 ) Jump up ^ Choudhury, P.C., ( 1959 ) The History of Civilization of the People of Assam, Guwahati ^ Jump up to : Puri ( 1968 ), p. 56. Jump up ^ Lahiri ( 1991 ), p. 68. Jump up ^ Lahiri ( 1991 ), p. 72. Jump up ^ ( Sircar 1990b : 101 ) Jump up ^ ( Lahiri 1991 : 70 ). Though the first evidence is from the Mansador stone pillar inscription of Yasodharman, there is no reference to this invasion in the Kamarupa inscriptions. Jump up ^ ( Sircar 1990b : 106 -- 107 ) Jump up ^ ( Sircar 1990b : 109 ) Jump up ^ ( Sircar 1990b : 113 ) Jump up ^ Sircar ( 1990b ), p. 115. Jump up ^ ( Lahiri 1991 : 76 ) Jump up ^ Lahiri ( 1991 ), pp. 77 -- 79. Jump up ^ Lahiri ( 1991 ), p. 78. Jump up ^ ( Sircar 1992 : 166 ) Jump up ^ `` Visvasundara ( son and successor of Vallabhadeva ), ( ? ) was perhaps to be identified with Prithu or Bartu of Minhaj. '' ( Sarkar 1992 : 37 - 38 ) ( Note : 11 ) Jump up ^ ( Sarkar 1992 : 38 ) Jump up ^ ( Sarkar 1992, pp. 39 -- 40 ) Jump up ^ ( Kamarupa ) was reorganized as a new state, ' Kamata ' by name with Kamatapur as capital. The exact time when the change was made is uncertain. But possibly it had been made by Sandhya ( c. 1250 -- 1270 ) as a safeguard against mounting dangers from the east and the west. Its control on the eastern regions beyond the Manah ( Manas river ) was lax. `` ( Sarkar 1992, pp. 40 -- 41 ) References Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kamarupa Kingdom. Acharya, N.N. ( 1968 ), Asama Aitihashik Bhuchitravali ( Maps of Ancient Assam ), Bina Library, Gauhati, Assam Casson, Lionel ( 1989 ). The Periplus Maris Erythraei : Text With Introduction, Translation, and Commentary. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0 - 691 - 04060 - 5. Choudhury, P.C. ( 1959 ), The History of Civilization of the People of Assam to the Twelfth Century AD, Department of History and Antiquarian Studies, Gauhati, Assam Dutta, Anima ( 2008 ). Political geography of Pragjyotisa Kamarupa ( Ph. D. ). Gauhati University. Guha, Amalendu ( December 1983 ), `` The Ahom Political System : An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam ( 1228 -- 1714 ) '', Social Scientist, 11 ( 12 ) : 3 -- 34, doi : 10.2307 / 3516963 Guha, Amalendu ( 1984 ). `` Pre-Ahom Roots and the Medieval State in Assam : A Reply ''. Social Scientist. Social Scientist. 12 ( 6 ) : 70 -- 77. JSTOR 3517005. Lahiri, Nayanjot ( 1991 ), Pre-Ahom Assam : Studies in the Inscriptions of Assam between the Fifth and the Thirteenth Centuries AD, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd Puri, Baij Nath ( 1968 ), Studies in Early History and Administration in Assam, Gauhati University Saikia, Nagen ( 1997 ). `` Medieval Assamese Literature ''. In Ayyappa Panicker, K. Medieval Indian Literature : Assamese, Bengali and Dogri. 1. New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi. pp. 3 -- 20. Sarkar, JN ( 1990 ), `` Koch Bihar, Kamrup and the Mughals, 1576 -- 1613 '', in Barpujari, HK, The Comprehensive History of Assam : Mediebal Period, Political, II, Guwahati : Publication Board, Assam, pp. 92 -- 103 Sarkar, J.N. ( 1992 ), `` Chapter II The Turko - Afghan Invasions '', in Barpujari, H.K., The Comprehensive History of Assam, 2, Guwahati : Assam Publication Board, pp. 35 -- 48 Sircar, DC ( 1990a ), `` Pragjyotisha - Kamarupa '', in Barpujari, HK, The Comprehensive History of Assam, I, Guwahati : Publication Board, Assam, pp. 59 -- 78 Sircar, DC ( 1990b ), `` Political History '', in Barpujari, HK, The Comprehensive History of Assam, I, Guwahati : Publication Board, Assam, pp. 94 -- 171 Sharma, Mukunda Madhava ( 1978 ), Inscriptions of Ancient Assam, Gauhati University, Assam Watters, Thomas ( 1905 ). Davids, T.W. Rhys ; Bushell, S. W, eds. On Yuan Chwang 's Travels in India. 2. London : Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved January 29, 2013. History of Assam Timeline of Assam History Protohistoric Assam Danava dynasty Pragjyotisha Kingdom Naraka dynasty Sonitpura Kingdom Ancient Assam Davaka Kamarupa Medieval Assam Ahom kingdom Sutiya Kingdom Kachari Kingdom Kamata Kingdom Baro - Bhuyan Colonial Assam Colonial Assam Contemporary Assam Assam separatist movements Assam Movement 2012 Assam violence December 2014 Assam violence Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamarupa&oldid=854719529 '' Categories : Kamarupa History of Assam Historical Indian regions Kingdoms of Northeast India 350 establishments Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from January 2016 Use Indian English from January 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Pages using infobox country with unknown parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages অসমীয়া বাংলা Français हिन्दी Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands Русский தமிழ் Українська اردو 中文 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018, at 09 : 30 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: where was the name of kamrupa mentioned for the first time
Answer: the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century)