Mycobacterium - wikipedia Mycobacterium Mycobacterium TEM micrograph of M. tuberculosis. Scientific classification Domain : Bacteria Phylum : Actinobacteria Order : Actinomycetales Suborder : Corynebacterineae Family : Mycobacteriaceae Genus : Mycobacterium Lehmann & Neumann 1896 Species See below. Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. Over 190 species are recognized in this genus. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) and leprosy ( Mycobacterium leprae ) in humans. The Greek prefix myco - means `` fungus, '' alluding to the way mycobacteria have been observed to grow in a mold - like fashion on the surface of cultures. It has a positive gram stain and a spirochete spine. Contents 1 Microbiologic characteristics 1.1 Pigmentation 1.2 Staining characteristics 2 Ecology 3 Pathogenicity 3.1 Medical classification 4 Mycosides 5 Genomics 6 Evolution 7 Species 7.1 Slowly growing 7.1. 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex 7.1. 2 Mycobacterium avium complex 7.1. 3 Mycobacterium gordonae clade 7.1. 4 Mycobacterium kansasii clade 7.1. 5 Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum / terrae clade 7.1. 6 Mycolactone - producing mycobacteria 7.1. 7 Mycobacterium simiae clade 7.1. 8 Ungrouped 7.2 Intermediate growth rate 7.3 Rapidly growing 7.3. 1 Mycobacterium chelonae clade 7.3. 2 Mycobacterium fortuitum clade 7.4 Mycobacterium mucogenicum clade 7.4. 1 Mycobacterium parafortuitum clade 7.4. 2 Mycobacterium vaccae clade 7.4. 3 CF 7.4. 4 Ungrouped 7.5 Ungrouped 8 Mycobacteriophage 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Microbiologic characteristics Mycobacterial cell wall : 1 - outer lipids, 2 - mycolic acid, 3 - polysaccharides ( arabinogalactan ), 4 - peptidoglycan, 5 - plasma membrane, 6 - lipoarabinomannan ( LAM ), 7 - phosphatidylinositol mannoside, 8 - cell wall skeleton Mycobacteria are aerobic and nonmotile bacteria ( except for the species Mycobacterium marinum, which has been shown to be motile within macrophages ) that are characteristically acid fast. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane. They possess capsules, and most do not form endospores. Mycobacterium marinum and perhaps M. bovis have been shown to sporulate ; however, this has been contested by further research. The distinguishing characteristic of all Mycobacterium species is that the cell wall is thicker than in many other bacteria, being hydrophobic, waxy, and rich in mycolic acids / mycolates. The cell wall consists of the hydrophobic mycolate layer and a peptidoglycan layer held together by a polysaccharide, arabinogalactan. The cell wall makes a substantial contribution to the hardiness of this genus. The biosynthetic pathways of cell wall components are potential targets for new drugs for tuberculosis. Many Mycobacterium species adapt readily to growth on very simple substrates, using ammonia or amino acids as nitrogen sources and glycerol as a carbon source in the presence of mineral salts. Optimum growth temperatures vary widely according to the species and range from 25 ° C to over 50 ° C. Most Mycobacterium species, including most clinically relevant species, can be cultured in blood agar. However, some species grow very slowly due to extremely long reproductive cycles -- M. leprae, may take more than 20 days to proceed through one division cycle ( for comparison, some E. coli strains take only 20 minutes ), making laboratory culture a slow process. In addition, the availability of genetic manipulation techniques still lags far behind that of other bacterial species. A natural division occurs between slowly -- and rapidly -- growing species. Mycobacteria that form colonies clearly visible to the naked eye within seven days on subculture are termed rapid growers, while those requiring longer periods are termed slow growers. Mycobacteria cells are straight or slightly curved rods between 0.2 and 0.6 μm wide and between 1.0 and 10 μm long. Pigmentation Some mycobacteria produce carotenoid pigments without light. Others require photoactivation for pigment production. Photochromogens ( Group I ) Produce nonpigmented colonies when grown in the dark and pigmented colonies only after exposure to light and reincubation. Ex : M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. simiae. Scotochromogens ( Group II ) Produce deep yellow to orange colonies when grown in the presence of either the light or the dark. Ex : M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. xenopi, M. szulgai. Non-chromogens ( Groups III & IV ) Nonpigmented in the light and dark or have only a pale yellow, buff or tan pigment that does not intensify after light exposure. Ex : M. tuberculosis, M. avium - intra-cellulare, M. bovis, M. ulcerans Ex : M. fortuitum, M. chelonae Staining characteristics Mycobacteria are classical acid - fast organisms. Stains used in evaluation of tissue specimens or microbiological specimens include Fite 's stain, Ziehl - Neelsen stain, and Kinyoun stain. Mycobacteria appear phenotypically most closely related to members of Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium. Ecology Mycobacteria are widespread organisms, typically living in water ( including tap water treated with chlorine ) and food sources. Some, however, including the tuberculosis and the leprosy organisms, appear to be obligate parasites and are not found as free - living members of the genus. Pathogenicity Mycobacteria can colonize their hosts without the hosts showing any adverse signs. For example, billions of people around the world have asymptomatic infections of M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat. The organisms are hardy due to their cell wall, which is neither truly Gram negative nor positive. In addition, they are naturally resistant to a number of antibiotics that disrupt cell - wall biosynthesis, such as penicillin. Due to their unique cell wall, they can survive long exposure to acids, alkalis, detergents, oxidative bursts, lysis by complement, and many antibiotics. Most mycobacteria are susceptible to the antibiotics clarithromycin and rifamycin, but antibiotic - resistant strains have emerged. As with other bacterial pathogens, surface and secreted proteins of M. tuberculosis contribute significantly to the virulence of this organism. There is an increasing list of extracytoplasmic proteins proven to have a function in the virulence of M. tuberculosis. Medical classification Mycobacteria can be classified into several major groups for purpose of diagnosis and treatment : M. tuberculosis complex, which can cause tuberculosis : M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti ; M. leprae, which causes Hansen 's disease or leprosy ; Nontuberculous mycobacteria ( NTM ) are all the other mycobacteria, which can cause pulmonary disease resembling tuberculosis, lymphadenitis, skin disease, or disseminated disease. Mycosides Mycosides are phenolic alcohols ( such as phenolphthiocerol ) that were shown to be components of Mycobacterium glycolipids that are termed glycosides of phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate. There are 18 and 20 carbon atoms in mycosides A, and B, respectively. Genomics Comparison of protein orthology in M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. smegmatis, three major model systems in Mycobacterium research Comparative analyses of mycobacterial genomes have identified several conserved indels and signature proteins that are uniquely found in all sequenced species from the genus Mycobacterium. Additionally, 14 proteins are found only in the species from the genera Mycobacterium and Nocardia, suggesting that these two genera are closely related. The genomes of some mycobacteria are quite large when compared to other bacteria. For instance, the genome of M. vulneris encodes 6,653 proteins, which is larger than that of small eukaryotes such as yeast ( which encodes only ~ 6000 proteins ). Evolution M. ulcerans evolved from M. marinum. Species Phylogenetic Position of the Tubercle Bacilli within the Genus Mycobacterium. The blue triangle corresponds to tubercle bacilli sequences that are identical or differing by a single nucleotide. The sequences of the genus Mycobacterium that matched most closely to those of M. tuberculosis were retrieved from the BIBI database ( http://pbil.univ-lyon.fr/bibi/ ) and aligned with those obtained for 17 smooth and MTBC strains. The unrooted neighbor - joining tree is based on 1,325 aligned nucleotide positions of the 16S rRNA gene. The scale gives the pairwise distances after Jukes - Cantor correction. Bootstrap support values higher than 90 % are indicated at the nodes. Phenotypic tests can be used to identify and distinguish different Mycobacteria species and strains. In older systems, mycobacteria are grouped based upon their appearance and rate of growth. However, these are symplesiomorphies, and more recent classification is based upon cladistics. Over 100 species are currently recognised. O'Neill and coworkers recently presented a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis based on an alignment of core genomes of 57 strains of bacteria, including all available mycobacteria. Slowly growing Runyon 's group I, II and III Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Also see main article about Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) members are causative agents of human and animal tuberculosis. Species in this complex include : M. africanum M. bovis M. bovis BCG M. canetti M. caprae M. microti M. mungi M. orygis M. pinnipedii M. suricattae M. tuberculosis, the major cause of human tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium complex Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ) is a group of species that, in a disseminated infection but not lung infection, used to be a significant cause of death in AIDS patients. The species M. indicus pranii appears to be basal in this complex. Species in this complex include : M. avium M. avium paratuberculosis, which has been implicated in Crohn 's disease in humans and is the causative agent of Johne 's disease in cattle and sheep M. avium silvaticum M. avium `` hominissuis '' M. colombiense M. indicus pranii M. intacellulare Mycobacterium gordonae clade M. asiaticum M. gordonae Mycobacterium kansasii clade M. gastri M. kansasii Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum / terrae clade M. hiberniae M. icosiumassiliensis M. nonchromogenicum M. terrae M. triviale Mycolactone - producing mycobacteria M. ulcerans, which causes the `` Buruli '', or `` Bairnsdale '' ulcer M. pseudoshottsii M. shottsii Mycobacterium simiae clade M. triplex M. genavense M. florentinum M. lentiflavum M. palustre M. kubicae M. parascrofulaceum M. heidelbergense M. interjectum M. simiae Ungrouped M. arabiense M. aromaticivorans M. aquaticum M. bacteremicum M. bohemicum M. botniense M. branderi M. celatum M. chimaera M. conspicuum M. cookii M. doricum M. farcinogenes M. haemophilum M. heckeshornense M. intracellulare M. lacus M. leprae, which causes leprosy M. lepraemurium M. lepromatosis, another ( less significant ) cause of leprosy, described in 2008 M. liflandii M. llatzerense M. malmoense M. marinum, causes a rare disease called Aquarium granuloma. M. neoaurum M. monacense M. montefiorense M. murale M. nebraskense M. saskatchewanense M. sediminis M. scrofulaceum M. shimoidei M. szulgai Mycobacterium talmoniae M. tusciae M. xenopi M. yongonense Intermediate growth rate M. intermedium Rapidly growing Mycobacterium chelonae clade M. abscessus M. bolletii M. chelonae M. immunogenum M. stephanolepidis Mycobacterium fortuitum clade M. boenickei M. brisbanense M. cosmeticum M. fortuitum M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum M. houstonense M. mageritense M. neworleansense M. peregrinum M. porcinum M. senegalense M. septicum Mycobacterium mucogenicum clade Mycobacterium aubagnese M. mucogenicum Mycobacterium phocaicum Mycobacterium parafortuitum clade M. austroafricanum M. diernhoferi M. frederiksbergense M. hodleri M. neoaurum M. parafortuitum Mycobacterium vaccae clade M. aurum M. vaccae CF M. chitae M. fallax Ungrouped M. agri M. aichiense M. alvei M. arupense M. barrassiae M. brumae M. canariasense M. chubuense M. conceptionense M. confluentis M. duvalii M. elephantis M. flavescens M. gadium M. gilvum M. hassiacum M. holsaticum M. iranicum M. komossense M. madagascariense M. massiliense M. massilipolynesiensis M. moriokaense M. obuense M. phlei M. psychrotolerans M. pulveris M. pyrenivorans M. smegmatis M. goodii M. wolinskyi M. sphagni M. thermoresistibile M. vanbaalenii Ungrouped M. arosiense M. aubagnense M. chlorophenolicum M. fluoroanthenivorans M. kumamotonense M. novocastrense M. parmense M. poriferae M. rhodesiae M. seoulense M. tokaiense Mycobacteriophage Mycobacteria can be infected by Mycobacteriophage, bacterial viruses that may be used in the future to treat tuberculosis and related diseases by phage therapy. The procedure may not go into practice in the case of Mtb for some time, as bacteriophage particles can not penetrate into the tuberculosis bacilli, or clumps. References Jump up ^ King HC, Khera - Butler T, James P, Oakley BB, Erenso G, Aseffa A, Knight R, Wellington EM, Courtenay O ( 2017 ) Environmental reservoirs of pathogenic mycobacteria across the Ethiopian biogeographical landscape. PLoS One 12 ( 3 ) : e0173811. doi : 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173811 ^ Jump up to : Ryan KJ, Ray CG ( editors ) ( 2004 ). Sherris Medical Microbiology ( 4th ed. ). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0 - 8385 - 8529 - 9. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ James H. Kerr and Terry L. Barrett, `` Atypical Mycobacterial Diseases '', Military Dermatology Textbook, p. 401. Jump up ^ Niederweis M, Danilchanka O, Huff J, Hoffmann C, Engelhardt H ( 2010 ). `` Mycobacterial outer membranes : in search of proteins ''. Trends in Microbiology. 18 ( 3 ) : 109 -- 16. doi : 10.1016 / j. tim. 2009.12. 005. PMC 2931330. PMID 20060722. Jump up ^ Ghosh, Jaydip ; Larsson, Pontus ; Singh, Bhupender ; Pettersson, BM Fredrik ; Islam, Nurul M ; Nath Sarkar, Sailendra ; Dasgupta, Santanu ; Kirsebom, Leif A ( 2009 ). `` Sporulation in mycobacteria ''. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 ( 26 ) : 10781 -- 10786. doi : 10.1073 / pnas. 0904104106. PMC 2705590. PMID 19541637. Jump up ^ Traag, BA ; Driks, A ; Stragier, P ; Bitter, W ; Broussard, G ; Hatfull, G ; Chu, F ; Adams, KN ; Ramakrishnan, L ; Losick, R ( Jan 2010 ). `` Do mycobacteria produce endospores ? ''. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107 ( 2 ) : 878 -- 81. doi : 10.1073 / pnas. 0911299107. PMC 2818926. PMID 20080769. Jump up ^ Bhamidi S ( 2009 ). `` Mycobacterial Cell Wall Arabinogalactan ''. Bacterial Polysaccharides : Current Innovations and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 904455 - 45 - 5. Jump up ^ Lagier, Jean - Christophe ; Edouard, Sophie ; Pagnier, Isabelle ; Mediannikov, Oleg ; Drancourt, Michel ; Raoult, Didier ( 2015 ). `` Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology ''. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 28 ( 1 ) : 208 -- 36. doi : 10.1128 / CMR. 00110 - 14. PMC 4284306. PMID 25567228. Jump up ^ Parish T, Brown A ( editors ) ( 2009 ). Mycobacterium : Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 904455 - 40 - 0. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ McMurray DN ( 1996 ). `` Mycobacteria and Nocardia ''. In Baron S et al. ( eds. ). Baron 's Medical Microbiology ( 4th ed. ). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0 - 9631172 - 1 - 1. CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list ( link ) Jump up ^ McCann ; et al. ( 2009 ). `` Secreted and Exported Proteins Important to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis ''. Bacterial Secreted Proteins : Secretory Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 904455 - 42 - 4. Jump up ^ Smith, D.W., et al., Nature 1960, 186, 887 Jump up ^ fatty alcohols and aldehydes Jump up ^ Akinola R. et al. 2013 A Systems Level Comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium smegmatis Based on Functional Interaction. J Bacteriol Parasitol 2013, 4 : 4 Jump up ^ Gao, B. ; Paramanathan, R. ; Gupta, R.S. ( 2006 ). `` Signature proteins that are distinctive characteristics of Actinobacteria and their subgroups ''. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 90 ( 1 ) : 69 -- 91. doi : 10.1007 / s10482 - 006 - 9061 - 2. PMID 16670965. ^ Jump up to : Gao, B. ; Gupta, R.S. ( 2012 ). `` Phylogenetic Framework and Molecular Signatures for the Main Clades of the Phylum Actinobacteria ''. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 76 ( 1 ) : 66 -- 112. doi : 10.1128 / MMBR. 05011 - 11. PMC 3294427. PMID 22390973. Jump up ^ Croce, Olivier ; Robert, Catherine ; Raoult, Didier ; Drancourt, Michel ( 2014 - 05 - 08 ). `` Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium vulneris DSM 45247T ''. Genome Announcements. 2 ( 3 ). doi : 10.1128 / genomeA. 00370 - 14. ISSN 2169 - 8287. PMC 4014686. PMID 24812218. Jump up ^ Vandelannoote K, Meehan CJ, Eddyani M, Affolabi D, Phanzu DM, Eyangoh S, Jordaens K, Portaels F, Mangas K, Seemann T, Marsollier L, Marion E, Chauty A, Landier J, Fontanet A, Leirs H, Stinear TP, de Jong BC1 ( 2017 ) Multiple Introductions and Recent Spread of the Emerging Human Pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans across Africa. Genome Biol Evol 9 ( 3 ) : 414 - 426 Jump up ^ O'Neill, MB ; Mortimer, TD ; Pepperell, CS ( 2015 ). `` Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis across Evolutionary Scales ''. PLoS Pathog. 11 ( 11 ) : e1005257. doi : 10.1371 / journal. ppat. 1005257. Jump up ^ Rahman, SA ; Singh, Y ; Kohli, S ; Ahmad, J ; Ehtesham, NZ ; Tyagi, AK ; Hasnain, SE ( 2014 ). `` Comparative analyses of nonpathogenic, opportunistic, and totally pathogenic Mycobacteria reveal genomic and biochemical variabilities and highlight the survival attributes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ''. MBio. 5 ( 6 ) : e02020 -- 14. doi : 10.1128 / mBio. 02020 - 14. Further reading Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Aug 1997 156 ( 2 ) Part 2 Supplement RIDOM : Ribosomal Differentiation of Medical Microorganisms J.P. Euzéby : List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Mycobacterium External links Tuberculist : Genome annotation database MTB Sysborg : Genome annotation database from the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology TB Structural Genomics Consortium : Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins MycDB : Mycobacterium database TBDB : Tuberculosis database Mycobacterium genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID Frequently Asked Questions about NTM Lung Disease PRASITE : Identification of mycobacteria Prokaryotes : Bacteria classification ( phyla and orders ) Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota ( Supergroup Plant Hacrobia Heterokont Alveolata Rhizaria Excavata Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Animal Fungi ) G - / OM Terra - / Glidobacteria ( BV1 ) Eobacteria Deinococcus -- Thermus Deinococcales Thermales Chloroflexi Anaerolineales Caldilineales Chloroflexales Herpetosiphonales Dehalococcoidales Ktedonobacterales Thermogemmatisporales Thermomicrobiales Sphaerobacterales other glidobacteria Thermodesulfobacteria thermophiles Aquificae Thermotogae Cyanobacteria Proteobacteria ( BV2 ) Alpha Caulobacterales Kiloniellales Kordiimonadales Magnetococcales Parvularculales Rhizobiales Rhodobacterales Rhodospirillales Rickettsiales Sneathiellales Sphingomonadales Beta Burkholderiales Hydrogenophilales Methylophilales Neisseriales Nitrosomonadales Procabacteriales Rhodocyclales Gamma Acidithiobacillales Aeromonadales Alteromonadales Cardiobacteriales Chromatiales Enterobacteriales Legionellales Methylococcales Oceanospirillales Orbales Pasteurellales Pseudomonadales Salinisphaerales Thiotrichales Vibrionales Xanthomonadales Delta Bdellovibrionales Desulfarculales Desulfobacterales Desulfovibrionales Desulfurellales Desulfuromonadales Myxococcales Syntrophobacterales Syntrophorhabdales Epsilon Campylobacterales Nautiliales Zeta Mariprofundales BV4 Spirochaetes Spirochaetes Sphingobacteria ( FCB group ) Fibrobacteres Chlorobi Chlorobiales Ignavibacteriales Bacteroidetes Bacteroidales Cytophagales Flavobacteriales Sphingobacteriales Planctobacteria / ( PVC group ) Chlamydiae Lentisphaerae Lentisphaerales Oligosphaerales Victivallales Planctomycetes Phycisphaerales Planctomycetales Verrucomicrobia Puniceicoccales Opitutales Chthoniobacterales Verrucomicrobiales `` Poribacteria '' Other GN Acidobacteria Acidobacteriales Acanthopleuribacterales Holophagales Solibacterales Armatimonadetes Armatimonadales Chthonomonadales Fimbriimonadales Caldiserica Chrysiogenetes Deferribacteres Dictyoglomi Elusimicrobia Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Synergistetes G+ / no OM Firmicutes ( BV3 ) Bacilli Bacillales Lactobacillales Clostridia Clostridiales Halanaerobiales Thermoanaerobacteriales Natranaerobiales Erysipelotrichia Erysipelotrichiales Thermolithobacteria Thermolithobacterales Tenericutes / Mollicutes Mycoplasmatales Entomoplasmatales Anaeroplasmatales Acholeplasmatales Haloplasmatales Negativicutes Selenomonadales Actinobacteria ( BV5 ) Actinobacteria Actinomycetales Bifidobacteriales Acidimicrobiia Acidimicrobiales Coriobacteriidae Coriobacteriales Nitriliruptoria Euzebyales Nitriliruptorales Rubrobacteria Gaiellales Rubrobacterales Thermoleophilales Solirubrobacterales Incertae sedis † Archaeosphaeroides † Eobacterium † Leptotrichites Source : Bergey 's Manual ( 2001 -- 2012 ). Alternative views : Wikispecies. Gram - positive bacterial infection : Actinobacteria ( primarily A00 -- A79, 001 -- 041, 080 -- 109 ) Actinomycineae Actinomycetaceae Actinomyces israelii Actinomycosis Cutaneous actinomycosis Tropheryma whipplei Whipple 's disease Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Actinomyces gerencseriae Propionibacteriaceae Propionibacterium acnes Corynebacterineae Mycobacteriaceae M. tuberculosis / M. bovis Tuberculosis : Ghon focus / Ghon 's complex Pott disease brain Meningitis Rich focus Tuberculous lymphadenitis Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis cutaneous Scrofuloderma Erythema induratum Lupus vulgaris Prosector 's wart Tuberculosis cutis orificialis Tuberculous cellulitis Tuberculous gumma Lichen scrofulosorum Tuberculid Papulonecrotic tuberculid Primary inoculation tuberculosis Miliary Tuberculous pericarditis Urogenital tuberculosis Multi-drug - resistant tuberculosis Extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis M. leprae Leprosy : Tuberculoid leprosy Borderline tuberculoid leprosy Borderline leprosy Borderline lepromatous leprosy Lepromatous leprosy Histoid leprosy Nontuberculous R1 : M. kansasii M. marinum Aquarium granuloma R2 : M. gordonae R3 : M. avium complex / Mycobacterium avium / Mycobacterium intracellulare / MAP MAI infection M. ulcerans Buruli ulcer M. haemophilum R4 / RG : M. fortuitum M. chelonae M. abscessus Nocardiaceae Nocardia asteroides / Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardiosis Rhodococcus equi Corynebacteriaceae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Corynebacterium minutissimum Erythrasma Corynebacterium jeikeium Group JK corynebacterium sepsis Bifidobacteriaceae Gardnerella vaginalis Mycobacteria ( including Nontuberculous ) Slowly growing ( R1 P = photochromogenic ; R2S = scotochromogenic ; R3N = nonchromogenic ) Long helix 18 ( TKHGC ) M. tuberculosis group MTC M. tuberculosis M. bovis M. africanum M. microti M. canetti M. caprae M. pinnipedii MPM R1P M. marinum R2S M. pseudoshottsii R3N M. ulcerans M. shottsii M. ulcerans liflandii Leprosy M. leprae M. lepraemurium M. lepromatosis R3N other M. lacus M. kumamotonense K / H groups M. kansasii group MAC R3N M. intracellulare / M. avium M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis M. chimaera R2S M. bohemicum GK R1P M. kansasii R3N M. gastri R2S M. nebraskense M. seoulense R3N M. scrofulaceum M. haemophilum group M. haemophilum R2S M. szulgai R3N M. malmoense M. gordonae group R1P M. asiaticum R2S M. gordonae M. conspicuum group R2S M. conspicuum Long helix 18 ( other ) M. xenopi group M. botniense M. shimoidei / M. xenopi M. heckeshornense M. hassiacum M. celatum group R2S M. cookii R3N M. branderi M. celatum M. hiberniae group M. terrae M. hiberniae M. nonchromogenicum / M. arupense Short helix 18 M. simiae clade M. simiae group R3N M. genavense / M. triplex M. florentinum / M. montefiorense M. heidelbergense / M. parmense M. simiae R2S M. lentiflavum M. kubicae group R3N M. parascrofulaceum R2S M. palustre / M. kubicae M. interjectum group M. interjectum M. saskatchewanense M. intermedium group M. intermedium Ungrouped M. triviale M. doricum M. tusciae M. arosiense Rapidly growing / Runyon IV M. neoaurum group M. mageritense M. wolinskyi M. canariasense M. cosmeticum M. diernhoferi M. hodleri M. frederiksbergense M. neoaurum M. brisbanense M. fluoroanthenivorans F / T groups M. fortuitum group M. chitae / M. fallax / M. gadium M. rhodesiae M. houstonense M. neworleansense / M. boenickei / M. fortuitum / M. porcinum / M. senegalense M. septicum / M. peregrinum / M. alvei M. farcinogenes M. vaccae group M. obuense / M. gilvum / M. parafortuitum M. chlorophenolicum / M. chubuense M. psychrotolerans / M. sphagni M. aubagnense / M. mucogenicum / M. phocaicum AV M. aurum M. vanbaalenii M. vaccae M. austroafricanum M. pyrenivorans M. poriferae M. smegmatis group M. agri / M. thermoresistibile M. duvalii / M. flavescens M. monacense M. pulveris / M. conceptionense / M. moriokaense M. novocastrense / M. brumae / M. phlei M. confluentis / M. madagascariense M. smegmatis / M. goodii M. chelonae group M. komossense M. murale / M. tokaiense M. aichiense M. chelonae M. abscessus M. immunogenum M. massiliense M. bolletii M. elephantis group M. elephantis M. holsaticum Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycobacterium&oldid=815984292 '' Categories : Acid fast bacilli Corynebacterineae Tuberculosis Bacteriology Bacterial diseases Bacteria genera Mycobacteria Pathogenic bacteria Infectious causes of cancer Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list Articles with ' species ' microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Қазақша Latina Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan پښتو Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Tagalog తెలుగు Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 13 : 57. 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Question: tuberculosis is caused by an organism of the genus
Answer: Mycobacterium