Judea ( Roman province ) - wikipedia Judea ( Roman province ) Not to be confused with the geographical region of Judea. Provincia Ivdaea Province of the Roman Empire ← 6 CE -- 135 CE → Capital Caesarea Maritima 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E ﻿ / 32.500 ; 34.900 Coordinates : 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E ﻿ / 32.500 ; 34.900 Prefects before 41, Procurators after 44 6 -- 9 CE Coponius 26 -- 36 CE Pontius Pilate 64 -- 66 CE Gessius Florus 117 CE Lusius Quietus 130 -- 132 CE Tineius Rufus King of the Jews 41 -- 44 Agrippa I 48 -- 93 / 100 Agrippa II Legislature Synedrion / Sanhedrin Historical era Roman Principate Census of Quirinius 6 CE Crisis under Caligula 37 -- 41 CE Incorporation of Galilee and Peraea 44 CE Destruction of the Second Temple August 4, 70 CE Governor of praetorian rank & given the 10th Legion c. 74 CE Bar Kokhba revolt 132 -- 135 CE 135 CE Today part of Israel Jordan West Bank Before August 4, 70 is referred to as Second Temple Judaism, from which the Tannaim and Early Christianity emerged. The Roman province of Judea ( / dʒ uː ˈdiːə / ; Hebrew : יהודה ‎, Standard Yehuda Tiberian Yehûḏāh ; Arabic : يهودا ‎ ; Greek : Ἰουδαία Ioudaia ; Latin : Iūdaea ), sometimes spelled in its original Latin forms of Iudæa or Iudaea to distinguish it from the geographical region of Judea, incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria and Idumea, and extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea. It was named after Herod Archelaus 's Tetrarchy of Judea, but the Roman province encompassed a much larger territory. The name `` Judea '' was derived from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE. The province of Judea was the scene of unrest at its founding in 6 CE during the Census of Quirinius and several wars, known as the Jewish -- Roman wars, were fought in its history. The Second Temple of Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE as part of the First Jewish -- Roman War, resulting in the institution of the Fiscus Judaicus, and after the Bar Kokhba revolt ( 132 -- 135 ), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina, which certain scholars conclude was an attempt to remove the relationship of the Jewish people to the region. Contents 1 Relations with Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties 2 Judea as Roman province ( s ) 3 List of governors ( CE 6 -- 135 ) 4 References 5 External links Relations with Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties Pompey in the Temple of Jerusalem, by Jean Fouquet The first intervention of Rome in the region dates from 63 BCE, following the end of the Third Mithridatic War, when Rome made a province of Syria. After the defeat of Mithridates VI of Pontus, Pompey ( Pompey the Great ) sacked Jerusalem and established Hasmonean prince Hyrcanus II as Ethnarch and High Priest, but he was denied the title of King. A later appointment by Julius Caesar was Antipater the Idumaean, also known as Antipas, as the first Roman Procurator. Herod the Great, Antipater 's son, was designated `` King of the Jews '' by the Roman Senate in 40 BCE. He did not gain military control until 37 BCE. During his reign the last representatives of the Hasmoneans were eliminated, and the great port of Caesarea Maritima was built. He died in 4 BCE, and his kingdom was divided mostly among three of his sons, who became tetrarchs ( `` rulers of a quarter part '', or in this case rather of `` thirds '' ). One of these tetrarchies was Judea, corresponding to the territory of the historic Judea, plus Samaria and Idumea. Herod 's son Herod Archelaus ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 CE by the Roman emperor Augustus, after an appeal from his own population. Another, Herod Antipas, ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BCE to 39 CE, being then dismissed by Caligula. The third tetrarch, Herod 's son Philip, ruled over the northeastern part of his father 's kingdom. Judea as Roman province ( s ) The Roman empire in the time of Hadrian ( ruled 117 -- 138 CE ), showing, in western Asia, the Roman province of Judea. 1 legion deployed in 125. Part of a series on the History of Israel Ancient Israel and Judah Natufian culture Prehistory Canaan Israelites United monarchy Northern Kingdom Kingdom of Judah Babylonian rule Second Temple period ( 530 BCE -- 70 CE ) Persian rule Hellenistic period Hasmonean dynasty Herodian dynasty Kingdom Tetrarchy Roman Judea Middle Ages ( 70 -- 1517 ) Roman Palaestina Byzantine Palaestina Prima Secunda Revolt against Constantius Gallus Samaritan revolts Revolt against Heraclius Caliphates Filastin Urdunn Crusades Ayyubid dynasty Mamluk Sultanate Modern history ( 1517 -- 1948 ) Ottoman rule Eyalet Mutasarrifate Old Yishuv Zionism OETA British mandate State of Israel ( 1948 -- present ) Independence Timeline Years Arab -- Israeli conflict Start - up Nation History of the Land of Israel by topic Judaism Jerusalem Zionism Jewish leaders Jewish warfare Nationality Related Jewish history Hebrew calendar Archaeology Museums Israel portal In 6 CE Archelaus ' tetrachy ( Judea, plus Samaria and Idumea ) came under direct Roman administration. Judea province did not initially include Galilee, Gaulanitis ( the Golan ), nor Peraea or the Decapolis. Its revenue was of little importance to the Roman treasury, but it controlled the land and coastal sea routes to the bread basket Egypt and was a border province against the Parthian Empire because of the Jewish connections to Babylonia ( since the Babylonian exile ). The capital was at Caesarea Maritima, not Jerusalem. Quirinius became Legate ( Governor ) of Syria and conducted the first Roman tax census of Syria and Judea, which was opposed by the Zealots. Judea was not a senatorial province, nor exactly an imperial province, but instead was a `` satellite of Syria '' governed by a prefect who was a knight of the equestrian order ( as was Roman Egypt ), not a former consul or praetor of senatorial rank. Still, Jews living in the province maintained some form of independence and could judge offenders by their own laws, including capital offences, until c. 28 CE. The Province of Judea during the late 2nd Temple period was also divided into five conclaves, or administrative districts : Jerusalem ( ירושלים ), Gadara ( גדרה ), Amathus ( עמתו ), Jericho ( יריחו ), and Sepphoris ( ציפורין ). The ' Crisis under Caligula ' ( 37 -- 41 ) has been proposed as the first open break between Rome and the Jews. Between 41 and 44 CE, Judea regained its nominal autonomy, when Herod Agrippa was made King of the Jews by the emperor Claudius, thus in a sense restoring the Herodian dynasty, although there is no indication Judea ceased to be a Roman province simply because it no longer had a prefect. Claudius had decided to allow, across the empire, procurators, who had been personal agents to the Emperor often serving as provincial tax and finance ministers, to be elevated to governing magistrates with full state authority to keep the peace. He elevated Judea 's procurator whom he trusted to imperial governing status because the imperial legate of Syria was not sympathetic to the Judeans. Following Agrippa 's death in 44 CE, the province returned to direct Roman control, incorporating Agrippa 's personal territories of Galilee and Peraea, under a row of procurators. Nevertheless, Agrippa 's son, Agrippa II was designated King of the Jews in 48. He was the seventh and last of the Herodians. From 70 CE until 135 CE, Judea 's rebelliousness required a governing Roman legate capable of commanding legions. Because Agrippa II maintained loyalty to the Empire, the Kingdom was retained until he died, either in 93 / 94 or 100, when the area returned to complete, undivided Roman Empire control. Judaea was the stage of two, possibly three, major Jewish -- Roman wars : 66 -- 70 CE -- First Jewish -- Roman War, resulting in the siege of Jerusalem the destruction of Herod 's Temple and ending with the siege of Masada in 73 -- 74. ( see Josephus ). Before the war Judaea was a Roman province of the third category, that is, under the administration of a procurator of equestrian rank and under the overall control of the governor of Syria. After the war it became an independent Roman province with the official name of Judaea and under the administration of a governor of praetorian rank, and was therefore moved up into the second category ( it was only later, in about 120 CE, that Judaea became a consular province, that is, with a governor of consular rank ). 115 -- 117 CE -- the Kitos War ; Judea 's role in it is disputed though, as it played itself out mainly in the Jewish diaspora and there are no fully trustworthy sources on Judea 's participation in the rebellion, nor is there any archaeological way of distinguishing destruction levels of 117 CE from those of the large Bar Kokhba revolt of just a decade and a half later. 132 -- 135 CE -- Bar Kokhba 's revolt ; Following the suppression of Bar Kokhba 's revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina which Hayim Hillel Ben - Sasson states was done to erase the historical ties of the Jewish people to the region. However, this did not prevent the Jewish people from referring to the country in their writings as either `` Yehudah '' ( Hebrew : יהודה ‬ ) or `` The Land of Israel '' ( Hebrew : ארץ ישראל ‬ ). Old Roman road in Judea ( adjacent to regional hwy 375 in Israel ) Under Diocletian ( 284 -- 305 ) the region was divided into three provinces : Palaestina Prima ( Judea, Samaria, Idumea, Peraea and the coastal plain, with Caesarea Maritima as capital ) Palaestina Secunda ( Galilee, Decapolis and Golan, with Beth - Shean as capital ) Palaestina Tertia ( the Negev desert, with Petra as capital ). List of governors ( CE 6 -- 135 ) Main article : Roman administration of Judaea ( AD 6 -- 135 ) Name Reign Length of rule Coponius 6 -- 9 Roman Prefect Marcus Ambivulus 9 -- 12 Roman Prefect Annius Rufus 12 -- 15 Roman Prefect Valerius Gratus 15 -- 26 11 Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate 26 -- 36 10 Roman Prefect Marcellus 36 -- 37 Roman Prefect Marullus 37 -- 41 Roman Prefect Agrippa I 41 -- 44 King of Judaea Cuspius Fadus 44 -- 46 Roman Procurator Tiberius Julius Alexander 46 -- 48 Roman Procurator Ventidius Cumanus 48 -- 52 Roman Procurator Marcus Antonius Felix 52 -- 60 8 Roman Procurator Porcius Festus 60 -- 62 Roman Procurator Lucceius Albinus 62 -- 64 Roman Procurator Gessius Florus 64 -- 66 Roman Procurator Marcus Antonius Julianus 66 -- 70 ( dates uncertain ) Roman Procurator Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis 70 -- 71 Roman Legate Lucilius Bassus 71 -- 72 Roman Legate Lucius Flavius Silva 72 -- 81 9 Roman Legate M. Salvidenus 80 -- 85 5 Roman Legate Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus c. 86 Roman Legate Sextus Hermentidius Campanus c. 93 Roman Legate Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes 99 -- 102 Roman Legate Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus 102 -- 104 Roman Legate Quintus Pompeius Falco 105 -- 107 Roman Legate Tiberianus 114 -- 117 Roman Legate Lusius Quietus 117 -- 120 Roman Legate Gargilius Antiquus c. 124 -- ? Roman Prefect Quintus Tineius Rufus 130 -- 132 / 3 Roman Legate Sextus Julius Severus c. 133 / 4 -- 135 Roman Legate References ^ Jump up to : H.H. Ben - Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0 - 674 - 39731 - 2, page 334 : `` In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Iudaea to Syria - Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature. '' Jump up ^ Ariel Lewin. The archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine. Getty Publications, 2005 p. 33. `` It seems clear that by choosing a seemingly neutral name -- one juxtaposing that of a neighboring province with the revived name of an ancient geographical entity ( Palestine ), already known from the writings of Herodotus -- Hadrian was intending to suppress any connection between the Jewish people and that land. '' ISBN 0 - 89236 - 800 - 4 Jump up ^ Jewish War 1. 14.4 : Mark Antony ``... then resolved to get him made king of the Jews... told them that it was for their advantage in the Parthian war that Herod should be king ; so they all gave their votes for it. And when the senate was separated, Antony and Caesar went out, with Herod between them ; while the consul and the rest of the magistrates went before them, in order to offer sacrifices ( to the Roman gods ), and to lay the decree in the Capitol. Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign. '' Jump up ^ `` Founded in the years 22 - 10 or 9 B.C. by Herod the Great, close to the ruins of a small Phoenician naval station named Strato 's Tower ( Stratonos Pyrgos, Turns Stratonis ), which flourished during the 3d to 1st c. B.C. This small harbor was situated on the N part of the site. Herod dedicated the new town and its port ( limen Sebastos ) to Caesar Augustus. During the Early Roman period Caesarea was the seat of the Roman procurators of the province of Judea. Vespasian, proclaimed emperor at Caesarea, raised it to the rank of Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta, and later Alexander Severus raised it to the rank of Metropolis Provinciae Syriae Palestinae. '' A. Negev, `` CAESAREA MARITIMA Palestine, Israel '' in : Richard Stillwell et al. ( eds. ), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites ( 1976 ). Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities 17.188 -- 189, War 1.664. Jump up ^ Ben - Sasson, Haim Hillel ( 1976 ). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. p. 246. ISBN 978 - 0 - 674 - 39731 - 6. Retrieved 4 September 2013. When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea. Jump up ^ A History of the Jewish People, H.H. Ben - Sasson editor, 1976, page 247 : `` When Judea was converted into a Roman province ( in 6 CE, page 246 ), Jerusalem ceased to be the administrative capital of the country. The Romans moved the governmental residence and military headquarters to Caesarea. The centre of government was thus removed from Jerusalem, and the administration became increasingly based on inhabitants of the Hellenistic cities ( Sebaste, Caesarea and others ). '' Jump up ^ Josephus ' Antiquities 18 Jump up ^ H.H. Ben - Sasson, A History of the Jewish Peoples, page 247 -- 248 : `` Consequently, the province of Judea may be regarded as a satellite of Syria, although, in view of the measure of independence left to its governor in domestic affairs, it would be wrong to say that in the Julio - Claudian era Judea was legally part of the province of Syria. '' Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities 17.355 & 18.1 - 2 ; Jump up ^ Babylonian Talmud, Avodah Zarah 8b ; ibid, Sanhedrin 41a ; ibid, Shabbat 15a ; Jerusalem Talmud, Sanhedrin 1 : 1 ( 1b ) Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities Book 14, chapter 5, verse 4 Jump up ^ H.H. Ben - Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0 - 674 - 39731 - 2, The Crisis Under Gaius Caligula, pages 254 -- 256 : `` The reign of Gaius Caligula ( 37 -- 41 ) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the Julio - Claudian empire. Until then -- if one accepts Sejanus ' heyday and the trouble caused by the census after Archelaus ' banishment -- there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula 's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides... Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem... Only Caligula 's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators ( 41 ), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish -- Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East. '' Jump up ^ Tac. A. 12.60 Jump up ^ Schäfer, Peter ( 2 September 2003 ). The History of the Jews in the Greco - Roman World : The Jews of Palestine from Alexander the Great to the Arab Conquest. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 1 - 134 - 40316 - X. ( From 74 to 123 CE ) The consequences of the first great war of the Jews against Rome were extremely far - reaching and their significance for the future history of Judaism can hardly be overestimated. The immediate political consequences were drastic. As has already been mentioned, before the war Judaea was a Roman province of the third category, that is, under the administration of a procurator of equestrian rank and under the overall control of the governor of Syria. After the war it became an independent Roman province with the official name of Judaea and under the administration of a governor of praetorian rank, and was therefore moved up into the second category ( it was only later, in about 120 CE, that Judaea became a consular province, that is, with a governor of consular rank ). This new status of the province also implies that a standing legion, the legio X Fretensis, was stationed in Judaea. The headquarters of the 10th legion was the totally destroyed Jerusalem ; the governor resided with parts of the 10th legion in Caesarea ( Maritima ), which Vespasian had converted into a Roman colony. ( p. 131 at Google Books ) Jump up ^ The Mishnah ( ed. Herbert Danby ), Oxford University Press : Oxford 1933, s.v. Tractate Shebiit 9 : 2 ; compiled by Rabbi Judah the Prince in 189 CE. Jump up ^ See p. 1 in : Feldman, Louis ( 1990 ). `` Some Observations on the Name of Palestine ''. Hebrew Union College Annual. 61 : 1 -- 23. JSTOR 23508170. Jump up ^ The Mishnah ( ed. Herbert Danby ), Oxford University Press : Oxford 1933, s.v. Tractate Kelim 1 : 6 Jump up ^ H.H. Ben - Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0 - 674 - 39731 - 2, page 351 Jump up ^ http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/ancient-inscription-identifies-gargilius-antiques-as-roman-ruler-on-eve-of-bar-kochva-revolt/2016/12/01/ External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judea ( Assyrian + Roman ). Jewish Encyclopedia : Procurators of Iudaea The name Rome gave to the land of Israel hide Provinces of the early Roman Empire ( 117 AD ) Achaea Aegyptus Africa proconsularis Alpes Cottiae Alpes Maritimae Alpes Poeninae Arabia Petraea Armenia Asia Assyria Bithynia and Pontus Britannia Cappadocia Cilicia Corsica and Sardinia Crete and Cyrenaica Cyprus Dacia Dalmatia Epirus Galatia Gallia Aquitania Gallia Belgica Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Narbonensis Germania Inferior Germania Superior Hispania Baetica Hispania Tarraconensis Italia Iudaea Lusitania Lycia et Pamphylia Macedonia Mauretania Caesariensis Mauretania Tingitana Mesopotamia Moesia Inferior Moesia Superior Noricum Pannonia Inferior Pannonia Superior Raetia Sicilia Syria Thracia Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until Diocletian 's reforms. 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Question: when did judea become part of the roman empire
Answer: 6 CE