The Old Man and the Sea - wikipedia The Old Man and the Sea For other uses, see The Old Man and the Sea ( disambiguation ). The Old Man and the Sea Original book cover Author Ernest Hemingway Country United States Language English Genre Literary Fiction Published 1952 ( Charles Scribner 's Sons ) Media type Print ( hardback & paperback ) Pages 127 Awards Pulitzer Prize for Fiction ( 1953 ) Nobel Prize in Literature ( 1954 ) ISBN 0 - 684 - 80122 - 1 OCLC 19793 Dewey Decimal 813.52 LC Class PS3515. E37 The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. In 1953, The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954. Contents 1 Plot summary 2 Background and publication 3 Literary significance and criticism 4 Legacy 5 References 5.1 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External links Plot summary The Old Man and the Sea tells the story of a battle between an aging, experienced fisherman, Santiago, and a large marlin. The story opens with Santiago having gone 84 days without catching a fish, and now being seen as `` salao '', the worst form of unluckiness. He is so unlucky that his young apprentice, Manolin, has been forbidden by his parents to sail with him and has been told instead to fish with successful fishermen. The boy visits Santiago 's shack each night, hauling his fishing gear, preparing food, talking about American baseball and his favorite player, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago tells Manolin that on the next day, he will venture far out into the Gulf Stream, north of Cuba in the Straits of Florida to fish, confident that his unlucky streak is near its end. On the eighty - fifth day of his unlucky streak, Santiago takes his skiff into the Gulf Stream, sets his lines and, by noon, has his bait taken by a big fish that he is sure is a marlin. Unable to haul in the great marlin, Santiago is instead pulled by the marlin, and two days and nights pass with Santiago holding onto the line. Though wounded by the struggle and in pain, Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary, often referring to him as a brother. He also determines that, because of the fish 's great dignity, no one shall deserve to eat the marlin. On the third day, the fish begins to circle the skiff. Santiago, worn out and almost delirious, uses all his remaining strength to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin with a harpoon. Santiago straps the marlin to the side of his skiff and heads home, thinking about the high price the fish will bring him at the market and how many people he will feed. On his way in to shore, sharks are attracted to the marlin 's blood. Santiago kills a great mako shark with his harpoon, but he loses the weapon. He makes a new harpoon by strapping his knife to the end of an oar to help ward off the next line of sharks ; five sharks are slain and many others are driven away. But the sharks keep coming, and by nightfall the sharks have almost devoured the marlin 's entire carcass, leaving a skeleton consisting mostly of its backbone, its tail and its head. Santiago knows that he is defeated and tells the sharks of how they have killed his dreams. Upon reaching the shore before dawn on the next day, Santiago struggles to his shack, carrying the heavy mast on his shoulder, leaving the fish head and the bones on the shore. Once home, he slumps onto his bed and falls into a deep sleep. A group of fishermen gather the next day around the boat where the fish 's skeleton is still attached. One of the fishermen measures it to be 18 feet ( 5.5 m ) from nose to tail. Pedrico is given the head of the fish, and the other fishermen tell Manolin to tell the old man how sorry they are. Tourists at the nearby café mistakenly take it for a shark. The boy, worried about the old man, cries upon finding him safe asleep and at his injured hands. Manolin brings him newspapers and coffee. When the old man wakes, they promise to fish together once again. Upon his return to sleep, Santiago dreams of his youth -- of lions on an African beach. Background and publication No good book has ever been written that has in it symbols arrived at beforehand and stuck in... I tried to make a real old man, a real boy, a real sea and a real fish and real sharks. But if I made them good and true enough they would mean many things. Ernest Hemingway in 1954 Written in 1951, and published in 1952, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway 's final full - length work published during his lifetime. The book, dedicated to `` Charlie Scribner '' and to Hemingway 's literary editor `` Max Perkins '', was featured in Life magazine on September 1, 1952, and five million copies of the magazine were sold in two days. The Old Man and the Sea became a Book of the Month Club selection, and made Hemingway a celebrity. Published in book form on September 1, 1952, the first edition print run was 50,000 copies. The illustrated edition featured black and white pictures by Charles Tunnicliffe and Raymond Sheppard. In May 1953, the novel received the Pulitzer Prize and was specifically cited when in 1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature which he dedicated to the Cuban people. The success of The Old Man and the Sea made Hemingway an international celebrity. The Old Man and the Sea is taught at schools around the world and continues to earn foreign royalties. Literary significance and criticism The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingway 's literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novel was initially received with much popularity ; it restored many readers ' confidence in Hemingway 's capability as an author. Its publisher, Scribner 's, on an early dust jacket, called the novel a `` new classic '', and many critics favorably compared it with such works as William Faulkner 's short story The Bear and Herman Melville 's novel Moby - Dick. Ernest Hemingway and Henry ( `` Mike '' ) Strater with the remaining 500 lbs of an estimated 1000 lb marlin that was half - eaten by sharks before it could be landed in the Bahamas in 1935. See Pilar for details of this episode. Gregorio Fuentes, who many critics believe was an inspiration for Santiago, was a blue - eyed man born on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. After going to sea at age ten on ships that called in African ports, he migrated permanently to Cuba when he was 22. After 82 years in Cuba, Fuentes attempted to reclaim his Spanish citizenship in 2001. Critics have noted that Santiago was also at least 22 when he immigrated from Spain to Cuba, and thus old enough to be considered an immigrant -- and a foreigner -- in Cuba. Hemingway at first planned to use Santiago 's story, which became The Old Man and the Sea, as part of an intimacy between mother and son. Relationships in the book relate to the Bible, which he referred to as `` The Sea Book ''. Some aspects of it did appear in the posthumously published Islands in the Stream. Hemingway mentions the real life experience of an old fisherman almost identical to that of Santiago and his marlin in On the Blue Water : A Gulf Stream Letter ( Esquire, April 1936 ). Joseph Waldmeir 's essay `` Confiteor Hominem : Ernest Hemingway 's Religion of Man '' is a favorable critical reading of the novel -- and one which has defined analytical considerations since. Perhaps the most memorable claim is Waldmeir 's answer to the question -- What is the book 's message ? The answer assumes a third level on which The Old Man and the Sea must be read -- as a sort of allegorical commentary on all his previous work, by means of which it may be established that the religious overtones of The Old Man and the Sea are not peculiar to that book among Hemingway 's works, and that Hemingway has finally taken the decisive step in elevating what might be called his philosophy of Manhood to the level of a religion. Waldmeir considered the function of the novel 's Christian imagery, most notably through Hemingway 's reference to the crucifixion of Christ following Santiago 's sighting of the sharks that reads : `` Ay, '' he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood. One of the most outspoken critics of The Old Man and the Sea is Robert P. Weeks. His 1962 piece `` Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea '' presents his argument that the novel is a weak and unexpected divergence from the typical, realistic Hemingway ( referring to the rest of Hemingway 's body of work as `` earlier glories '' ). In juxtaposing this novel against Hemingway 's previous works, Weeks contends : The difference, however, in the effectiveness with which Hemingway employs this characteristic device in his best work and in The Old Man and the Sea is illuminating. The work of fiction in which Hemingway devoted the most attention to natural objects, The Old Man and the Sea, is pieced out with an extraordinary quantity of fakery, extraordinary because one would expect to find no inexactness, no romanticizing of natural objects in a writer who loathed W.H. Hudson, could not read Thoreau, deplored Melville 's rhetoric in Moby Dick, and who was himself criticized by other writers, notably Faulkner, for his devotion to the facts and his unwillingness to ' invent. ' Some critics suggest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea in reaction to the overtly negative criticism he received for Across the River and into the Trees. Legacy In 1954 Hemingway donated his Nobel prize gold medal in Literature to the venerated Marian image of Our Lady of Charity. The Swedish medal was stolen in 1986, but was returned later upon the threat of Raul Castro. The Old Man and the Sea has been adapted for the screen three times : a 1958 film starring Spencer Tracy, a 1990 miniseries starring Anthony Quinn, and a 1999 animated short film. It is often taught in high schools as a part of the American Literature curriculum. In 2003 the book was listed at number 173 on the BBC 's The Big Read poll of the UK 's 200 `` best - loved novels ''. References Jump up ^ The Editors ( 25 August 1952 ). `` From Ernest Hemingway to the Editors of Life ''. Life. Time Inc. 33 ( 8 ) : 124. ISSN 0024 - 3019. Hemingway 's work is a 27,000 - word novel called The Old Man and the Sea. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 ''. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2005. Jump up ^ `` Books : An American Storyteller ''. TIME. December 13, 1954. Retrieved February 1, 2011. Jump up ^ Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea. p. 5 Jump up ^ Perkins, Maxwell ( 2004 ). Bruccoli, Matthew J. ; Baughman, Judith, eds. The sons of Maxwell Perkins : letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, and their editor. University of South Carolina Press. p. xxvii. ISBN 1 - 57003 - 548 - 2. Jump up ^ `` A Hemingway timeline Any man 's life, told truly, is a novel ''. The Kansas City Star. KansasCity.com. June 27, 1999. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 29. ^ Jump up to : Desnoyers, p. 13 Jump up ^ Oliver 1999, p. 247 ^ Jump up to : Meyers 1985, p. 489 Jump up ^ `` Heroes : Life with Papa ''. TIME. November 8, 1954. Retrieved 2009 - 12 - 12. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 ''. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved October 4, 2009. Jump up ^ Meyers 1985, p. 485 Jump up ^ `` El pescador que inspiró a Hemingway ' El viejo y el mar ' recupera la nacionalidad española ''. Retrieved June 7, 2013. Jump up ^ Herlihy, Jeffrey. `` Eyes the same color as the sea : Santiago 's Expatriation from Spain and Ethnic Otherness and in Hemingway 's the Old Man and the Sea ''. Hemingway Review. Retrieved 2015 - 04 - 17. Jump up ^ Old Man and the Sea. Introduction : The Ripening of a Masterpiece. Simon and Schuster. Retrieved September 29, 2012. Jump up ^ Hemingway, Ernest ( edited by William White ) ( 1967 ). By - Line : Ernest Hemingway. Selected articles and dispatches of four decades. New York : Scribner 's. Jump up ^ Joseph Waldmeir ( 1957 ). `` Confiteor Hominem : Ernest Hemingway 's Religion of Man ''. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. XLII : 349 -- 356. Jump up ^ Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea. p. 118 ^ Jump up to : Robert P. Weeks, Robert P. ( 1962 ). `` Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea ''. College English. XXIV ( 3 ) : 188 -- 192. doi : 10.2307 / 373283. JSTOR 373283. Jump up ^ `` Huffington Post ''. The Huffington Post. March 27, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2014. Jump up ^ `` BBC -- The Big Read ''. BBC. April 2003, Retrieved August 23, 2017 Sources Desnoyers, Megan Floyd. `` Ernest Hemingway : A Storyteller 's Legacy ''. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library Online Resources. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved December 9, 2011. Meyers, Jeffrey ( 1985 ). Hemingway : A Biography. London : Macmillan. ISBN 0 - 333 - 42126 - 4. Oliver, Charles M. ( 1999 ). Ernest Hemingway A to Z : The Essential Reference to the Life and Work. New York : Checkmark. ISBN 0 - 8160 - 3467 - 2. Further reading Baker, Carlos ( 1972 ). Hemingway : The Writer as Artist ( 4th ed. ). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0 - 691 - 01305 - 5. Jobes, Katharine T., ed. ( 1968 ). Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Old Man and the Sea. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice Hall. ISBN 0 - 13 - 633917 - 4. Mellow, James R. ( 1992 ). Hemingway : A Life Without Consequences. New York : Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0 - 395 - 37777 - 3. Young, Philip ( 1952 ). Ernest Hemingway. New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. ISBN 0 - 8166 - 0191 - 7. External links The Old Man and the Sea at Faded Page ( Canada ) Rare, Unseen : Hemingway in Cuba -- slideshow by Life magazine `` Michael Palin 's Hemingway Adventure : Cuba ''. PBS. Retrieved January 21, 2006. Awards and achievements Preceded by Winston Churchill 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 Succeeded by Halldór Laxness 1955 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918 -- 1925 His Family by Ernest Poole ( 1918 ) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington ( 1919 ) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton ( 1921 ) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington ( 1922 ) One of Ours by Willa Cather ( 1923 ) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson ( 1924 ) So Big by Edna Ferber ( 1925 ) 1926 -- 1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis ( declined ) ( 1926 ) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield ( 1927 ) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder ( 1928 ) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin ( 1929 ) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge ( 1930 ) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes ( 1931 ) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck ( 1932 ) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling ( 1933 ) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller ( 1934 ) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson ( 1935 ) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis ( 1936 ) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell ( 1937 ) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand ( 1938 ) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings ( 1939 ) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck ( 1940 ) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow ( 1942 ) Dragon 's Teeth by Upton Sinclair ( 1943 ) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin ( 1944 ) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey ( 1945 ) All the King 's Men by Robert Penn Warren ( 1947 ) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener ( 1948 ) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens ( 1949 ) The Way West by A.B. Guthrie Jr. ( 1950 ) 1951 -- 1975 The Town by Conrad Richter ( 1951 ) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk ( 1952 ) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway ( 1953 ) A Fable by William Faulkner ( 1955 ) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor ( 1956 ) A Death in the Family by James Agee ( 1958 ) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor ( 1959 ) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury ( 1960 ) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee ( 1961 ) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor ( 1962 ) The Reivers by William Faulkner ( 1963 ) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau ( 1965 ) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter ( 1966 ) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud ( 1967 ) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron ( 1968 ) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday ( 1969 ) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford ( 1970 ) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner ( 1972 ) The Optimist 's Daughter by Eudora Welty ( 1973 ) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara ( 1975 ) 1976 -- 2000 Humboldt 's Gift by Saul Bellow ( 1976 ) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson ( 1978 ) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever ( 1979 ) The Executioner 's Song by Norman Mailer ( 1980 ) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole ( 1981 ) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike ( 1982 ) The Color Purple by Alice Walker ( 1983 ) Ironweed by William Kennedy ( 1984 ) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie ( 1985 ) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry ( 1986 ) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor ( 1987 ) Beloved by Toni Morrison ( 1988 ) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler ( 1989 ) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos ( 1990 ) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike ( 1991 ) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley ( 1992 ) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler ( 1993 ) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx ( 1994 ) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields ( 1995 ) Independence Day by Richard Ford ( 1996 ) Martin Dressler : The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser ( 1997 ) American Pastoral by Philip Roth ( 1998 ) The Hours by Michael Cunningham ( 1999 ) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri ( 2000 ) 2001 -- present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon ( 2001 ) Empire Falls by Richard Russo ( 2002 ) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides ( 2003 ) The Known World by Edward P. Jones ( 2004 ) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson ( 2005 ) March by Geraldine Brooks ( 2006 ) The Road by Cormac McCarthy ( 2007 ) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz ( 2008 ) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout ( 2009 ) Tinkers by Paul Harding ( 2010 ) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan ( 2011 ) No award given ( 2012 ) The Orphan Master 's Son by Adam Johnson ( 2013 ) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt ( 2014 ) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr ( 2015 ) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen ( 2016 ) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead ( 2017 ) Less by Andrew Sean Greer ( 2018 ) Ernest Hemingway Bibliography Novels The Torrents of Spring ( 1926 ) The Sun Also Rises ( 1926 ) A Farewell to Arms ( 1929 ) To Have and Have Not ( 1937 ) For Whom the Bell Tolls ( 1940 ) Across the River and into the Trees ( 1950 ) The Old Man and the Sea ( 1952 ) Non-fiction Death in the Afternoon ( 1932 ) Green Hills of Africa ( 1935 ) Posthumous A Moveable Feast ( 1964 ) Islands in the Stream ( 1970 ) The Dangerous Summer ( 1985 ) The Garden of Eden ( 1986 ) True at First Light ( 1999 ) Under Kilimanjaro ( 2005 ) Short stories `` Indian Camp '' ( 1925 ) `` The Doctor and the Doctor 's Wife '' ( 1925 ) `` The End of Something '' ( 1925 ) `` The Three - Day Blow '' ( 1925 ) `` The Battler '' ( 1925 ) `` A Very Short Story '' ( 1925 ) `` Soldier 's Home '' ( 1925 ) `` The Revolutionist '' ( 1925 ) `` Mr. and Mrs. Elliot '' ( 1925 ) `` Cat in the Rain '' ( 1925 ) `` Out of Season '' ( 1925 ) `` Cross Country Snow '' ( 1925 ) `` My Old Man '' ( 1925 ) `` Big Two - Hearted River '' ( 1925 ) `` A Clean, Well - Lighted Place '' ( 1926 ) `` A Canary for One '' ( 1926 ) `` Fifty Grand '' ( 1927 ) `` Hills Like White Elephants '' ( 1927 ) `` The Killers '' ( 1927 ) `` The Undefeated '' ( 1927 ) `` Che Ti Dice La Patria ? '' ( 1927 ) `` In Another Country '' ( 1927 ) `` On the Quai at Smyrna '' ( 1930 ) `` Fathers and Sons '' ( 1932 ) `` A Day 's Wait '' ( 1933 ) `` The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio '' ( 1933 ) `` A Way You 'll Never Be '' ( 1933 ) `` The Snows of Kilimanjaro '' ( 1936 ) `` The Capital of the World '' ( 1936 ) `` The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber '' ( 1936 ) Short story collections Three Stories and Ten Poems ( 1923 ) In Our Time ( 1925 ) Men Without Women ( 1927 ) Winner Take Nothing ( 1933 ) The Fifth Column and the First Forty - Nine Stories ( 1938 ) The Snows of Kilimanjaro ( 1961 ) The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War ( 1969 ) The Nick Adams Stories ( 1972 ) The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway ( 1987 ) Ernest Hemingway : The Collected Stories ( 1995 ) Story fragments `` On Writing '' Poetry 88 Poems ( 1979 ) Complete Poems Letters and journalism Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917 -- 1961 ( 1981 ) Dateline : Toronto ( 1985 ) The Cambridge Edition of the Letters of Ernest Hemingway ( 2011 ) Adaptations The Sun Also Rises 1957 film 1984 film Opera The Select ( The Sun Also Rises ) Ballet `` The Killers '' 1946 film 1956 film 1964 film Bukowski short story A Farewell to Arms 1932 film 1957 film 1966 TV series To Have and Have Not 1944 film The Breaking Point ( 1950 ) The Gun Runners ( 1958 ) Captain Khorshid ( 1987 ) For Whom the Bell Tolls 1943 film 1965 TV series Metallica song The Old Man and the Sea 1958 film 1990 miniseries 1999 film Other film adaptations The Macomber Affair ( 1947 ) The Snows of Kilimanjaro ( 1952 ) Hemingway 's Adventures of a Young Man ( 1962 ) Islands in the Stream ( 1977 ) See also Nick Adams Michigan cottage Idaho house Key West home Hotel Ambos Mundos, Havana home Finca Vigía, Cuba home Pilar ( boat ) The Spanish Earth ( 1937 film ) Bacall to Arms ( 1946 cartoon ) Hello Hemingway ( 1990 film ) In Love and War ( 1996 film ) Hemingway & Gellhorn ( 2012 film ) Cooper & Hemingway : The True Gen ( 2013 documentary ) Papa : Hemingway in Cuba ( 2015 film ) Hemingway Foundation / PEN Award Kennedy Library Hemingway collection Family Elizabeth Hadley Richardson ( first wife ) Jack Hemingway ( son ) Pauline Pfeiffer ( second wife ) Patrick Hemingway ( son ) Gregory Hemingway ( son ) Martha Gellhorn ( third wife ) Mary Welsh Hemingway ( fourth wife ) Grace Hall Hemingway ( mother ) Leicester Hemingway ( brother ) Billfish Swordfish ( 1 species ) Xiphiidae Marlin Sailfish ( 2 species ) Atlantic sailfish Indo - Pacific sailfish Istiompax ( 1 species ) Black marlin Makaira ( 2 species ) Atlantic blue marlin Indo - Pacific blue marlin Kajikia ( 2 species ) White marlin Striped marlin Tetrapturus ( 4 species ) Shortbill spearfish Roundscale spearfish Mediterranean spearfish Longbill spearfish Related topics Apex predators Predatory fish Oceanic fish Big - game fishing Marlin fishing Marlin ( magazine ) Gray 's paradox Protosphyraena ( fossil ) Scombridae Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement The Old Man and the Sea BNF : cb122159627 ( data ) GND : 4099230 - 5 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea&oldid=850011187 '' Categories : 1952 American novels American novels adapted into films Books by Ernest Hemingway Charles Scribner 's Sons books Novels about animals Novels by Ernest Hemingway Pulitzer Prize for Fiction - winning works Novels set in the Caribbean Fish in popular culture Works about old age Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Use mdy dates from June 2011 Pages to import images to Wikidata All articles that may contain original research Articles that may contain original research from May 2018 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia অসমীয়া Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 中文 57 more Edit links This page was last edited on 12 July 2018, at 23 : 49 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: when was the old man and the sea written
Answer: 1951