List of high priests of Israel - wikipedia List of high priests of Israel Part of a series of articles on Priesthood in Judaism Kohen Recognition of priestly descent Priestly covenant Roles Priestly blessing Redemption of the firstborn son Tzaraath ( skin disease and mildew ) The Torah instruction of the Kohanim Sacrifice Incense offering Beth din shel Kohanim Priestly divisions High Priests Aaron Eleazar Phinehas Eli Ahimelech Abiathar ( First Temple ) Zadok Shallum Hilkiah Jehoiada ( Second Temple ) Joshua the High Priest Simeon the Just Yishmael Ben Elisha Yehoshua ben Gamla Pinchus Ben Shmuel Twenty - four kohanic gifts The ten gifts given in the Temple 1. Sin offering 2. Guilt offering 3. Communal peace offering 4. Fowl sin offering 5. Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering 6. Oil from the offering for the leper 7. Bread from First Fruits 8. Showbread 9. Leftovers of the meal offering 10. Leftovers of the First Sheaf. Four gifts given in Jerusalem 11. Firstborn animal 12. Firstfruits 13. Burnt offering ( Judaism ) 14. Parts of the thank offering and Nazirite 's offering Ten gifts given ( even ) outside of Jerusalem 15. Heave offering 16. Heave offering of the Levite 's tithe 17. Dough offering 18. First shearing of the sheep 19. Shoulder, cheeks and maw 20. Coins for redemption of the first born son 21. Redemption of a donkey 22. Dedication of property to a priest 23. Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year 24. The property of the foreigner with no heir. Priestly Garments Priestly undergarments Priestly tunic Priestly turban Priestly robe ( Judaism ) Ephod Priestly breastplate Priestly frontlet Urim and Thummim Priestly sash Miscellaneous topics The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen Kohanic disqualifications Holy anointing oil Kahen Aaron 's rod Bat - Kohen ( daughter of a kohen ) Sons of Zadok Contact by a kohen with a dead body 13 Kohanic cities This page gives one list of the High Priests of Ancient Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. Because of a lack of historical data, this list is incomplete and there may be gaps. Contents 1 Line of the High Priests of Israel 1.1 From the Exodus to Solomon 's Temple 1.2 First Temple period 1.3 After the Babylonian Exile 1.4 Hasmonean dynasty 1.5 Herodian - Roman period 2 References Line of the high priests of Israel A traditional list of the Jewish High Priests The High Priests, like all Levitical priests, belonged to the Aaronic line. The Bible mentions the majority of high priests before the captivity, but does not give a complete list of office holders. Lists would be based on various historical sources. In several periods of gentile rule, high priests were appointed and removed by kings. Still, most high priests came from the Aaronic line. One exception is Menelaus, who may not have been from the Tribe of Levi at all, but from the Tribe of Benjamin. From the exodus to Solomon 's Temple The following section is based on information found in the various books of the Bible, including the genealogies given in First Book of Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, the works of Josephus and the early - medieval Seder Olam Zutta. Aaron Eleazar, son of Aaron ( Numbers 20 : 28 ) Phinehas, son of Eleazar Abishua, son of Phinehas The Samaritans insert Shesha as the son of Abishua and father of Bukki. Bukki, son of Abishua Uzzi, son of Bukki Though Phinehas and his descendants are not directly attested as high priests, this portion of the genealogy given in 1 Chronicles 5 : 30 - 41 is assumed by other sources ( including Josephus and Seder ' Olam Zutta ), to give the succession of the office from father to son. At some time, the office was transferred from descendants of Eleazar to those of his brother Itamar. The first known and most notable high priest of Itamar 's line was Eli, a contemporary of Samuel. Eli, descendant of Ithamar, son of Aaron Ahitub, son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli Ahijah, son of Ahitub Ahimelech, son of Ahijah ( or brother of Ahijah and son of Ahitub ) Abiathar, son of Ahimelech Abiathar was removed from the high priesthood for conspiring against King Solomon, and was replaced by Zadok, son of Ahitub, who oversaw the construction of the First Temple. According to the genealogies given in 1 Chronicles 5 : 30 - 34, Zadok was a descendant of Uzzi ( through Zerahiah, Meraioth, Amariah and Ahitub ) and thus belonged to the line of Eleazar. First Temple period From Solomon 's time until the captivity, the High Priests officiated in Temple of Jerusalem. Information about who served in that office diverges between the Bible, Josephus and the Seder ' Olam Zuta. While Josephus and Seder ' Olam Zuta each mention 18 high priests, the genealogy given 1 Chronicles 5 : 34 - 41 gives twelve names, culminating in the last high priest Seriah, father of Jehozadak. However, it is unclear whether all those mentioned in the genealogy between Zadok and Jehozadak were high priests and whether high priests mentioned elsewhere ( such as Jehoiada and Jehoiarib ) are simply omitted or did not belong to the male line in this genealogy. 1 Chronicles 5 : 34 - 41 ( * Also mentioned in Book of Ezra 7 : 1 -- 5 ) Josephus Seder ' Olam Zutta Other Biblical information Zadok * Zadok Zadok Zadok was High Priest during the reign of King Solomon and the construction of the First Temple. Ahimaaz Ahimaaz Ahimaaz Azariah Azariah Azariah Among the `` princes / officials '' of King Solomon listed in 1 Kings 4 : 2 `` Azariah, son of Zadok, the priest '' appears in first place. Johanan Joram - - Isus Joash - - Jehoiarib - - Jehoshaphat - - Jehoiada Jehoiada Jehoiada, brother - in - law of King Ahaziah, is mentioned in 2 Kings 11 : 4 - 17 as a priest leading the coup against Queen - mother Athaliah and installing Jehoash of Judah as king of Judah. - Axioramos - - - Phideas Pediah - - Sudeas Zedekiah - Azariah Juelus Joel Azariah II is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 26 : 14 - 18 as a `` chief priest '' opposing King Uzziah. In 1 Chronicles 5 : 36 Azariah, son of Johanan is singled out as `` he it is that executed the priest 's office in the house that Solomon built in Jerusalem ''. Amaria Jotham Jotham - Ahitub Urias Urijah Uriah is mentioned in 2 Kings 16 : 10 - 16 as a priest who, on orders of King Ahaz, replaces the altar in the temple with a new, Assyrian - style altar. He is also mentioned as a witness in Isaiah 8 : 2. - Nerias Neria An Azariah is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 31 : 10 as `` the chief priest, of the house of Zadok '' under King Hezekiah. Zadok Odeas Hoshaiah - Shallum * Shallum Shallum Shallum, son of Zadok Hilkiah * Elcias Hilkiah Hilkiah, priest at the time of King Josiah. Azariah IV * Azaros Azariah IV Azariah IV, son of Hilkiah ( 1 Chr 6 : 13 ) Seriah * Sareas Seriah Seriah, son of Azariah IV ( 2 Ki 25 : 18 ) Some name Jehozadak, son of Seriah, as a high priest prior to being sent to captivity in Babylonia, based on the biblical references to `` Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest ''. According to Rashi ( Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaqi ), this is a misreading of the phrase, as `` the high priest '' does not refer to Jehozadak, who was exiled to Babylon without having served as high priest, but to his son Joshua, who ascended from Babylon at the end of the exile. After the babylonian exile Joshua, son of Jehozadak, c. 515 - 490 BC, after the restoration of the Temple Joiakim, son of Joshua, c. 490 - 470 BC ( Nehemiah 12 : 10 ) Eliashib, son of Joiakim, c. 470 - 433 BC Joiada, son of Eliashib, c. 433 - 410 BC ( A son married a daughter of Sanballat the Horonite for which he was driven out of the Temple by Nehemiah ) ( Nehemiah 13 : 28 ) Johanan, son of Joiada, c. 410 - 371 BC Jaddua, son of Johanan, c. 371 - 320 BC, during the reign of Alexander the Great. Some have identified him as Simeon the Just. The five descendants of Joshua are mentioned in Nehemiah, chapter 12, 10f. The chronology given above, based on Josephus, however is not undisputed, with some alternatively placing Jaddua during the time of Darius II and some supposing one more Johanan and one more Jaddua in the following time, the latter Jaddua being contemporary of Alexander the Great. Onias I, son of Jaddua, c. 320 - 280 BC Simon I, son of Onias, c. 280 - 260 BC Josephus identified him as Simeon the Just Eleazar, son of Onias, c. 260 - 245 BC Manasseh, son of Jaddua, c. 245 - 240 BC Onias II, son of Simon, c. 240 - 218 BC Simon II, son of Onias, 218 - 185 BC Onias III, son of Simon, 185 - 175 BC, murdered 170 BC Jason, son of Simon, 175 - 172 BC Menelaus, 172 - 162 BC Onias IV, son of Onias III, fled to Egypt and built a Jewish Temple at Leontopolis ( closed in 66 AD ) Alcimus, 162 - 159 BC Inter-Sacerdotium : It is unknown who held the position of High Priest of Jerusalem between Alcimus ' death and the accession of Jonathan. Josephus, in Jewish Antiquities XX. 10, relates that the office was vacant for seven years, but this is highly unlikely, if not impossible. In religious terms, the High Priest was a necessary part of the rites on the Day of Atonement, a day that could have not been allowed to pass uncelebrated for so long so soon after the restoration of the Temple service. Politically, Israel 's overlords probably would not have allowed a power vacuum to last that length of time. In another passage ( XII. 10 § 6, XII. 11 § 2 ) Josephus suggests that Judas Maccabeus, the brother of Jonathan, held the office for three years, succeeding Alcimus. However, Judas actually predeceased Alcimus by one year. The nature of Jonathan 's accession to the high priesthood makes it unlikely that Judas held that office during the inter-sacerdotium. The Jewish Encyclopedia tries to harmonise the contradictions found in Josephus by supposing that Judas held the office `` immediately after the consecration of the Temple ( 165 - 162 ), that is, before the election of Alcimus '' It has been argued that the founder of the Qumran community, the Teacher of Righteousness ( Moreh Zedek ), was High Priest ( but not necessarily the sole occupant ) during the inter-sacerdotium and was driven off by Jonathan. Hasmonean dynasty Jonathan Apphus, 153 - 143 BC Simeon Tassi, brother of Jonathan Apphus, 142 - 134 BC John Hyrcanus I, son of Simeon Tassi, 134 - 104 BC Aristobulus I, son of John Hyrcanus, 104 - 103 BC Alexander Jannaeus, son of John Hyrcanus, 103 - 76 BC John Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 76 - 66 BC Aristobulus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 66 - 63 BC Hyrcanus II ( restored ), 63 - 40 BC Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, 40 - 37 BC Herodian - roman period Ananelus, 37 - 36 BC Aristobulus III, paternal grandson of Aristobulus, 36 BC He was the last of the Hasmoneans ; II and brother of Herod 's second wife Mariamne I. Ananelus ( restored ), 36 - 30 BC Joshua ben Fabus, 30 - 23 BC Simon ben Boethus, 23 - 5 BC ( his daughter Mariamne II was third wife of Herod the Great ) Matthias ben Theophilus, 5 - 4 BC Joazar ben Boethus, 4 BC Eleazar ben Boethus, 4 - 3 BC Joshua ben Sie, 3 BC - ? Joazar ben Boethus ( restored ), ? - 6 AD Ananus ben Seth, 6 - 15 Ishmael ben Fabus, 15 - 16 Eleazar ben Ananus, 16 - 17 Simon ben Camithus, 17 - 18 Joseph Caiaphas, 18 - 36 ( son - in - law of the high priest Ananus ben Seth ) Jonathan ben Ananus, 36 - 37 Theophilus ben Ananus, 37 - 41 Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus, 41 - 43 Matthias ben Ananus, 43 Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras, 43 - 44 Jonathan ben Ananus, 44 ( restored ) Josephus ben Camydus, 44 - 46 Ananias ben Nebedeus, 46 - 58 Jonathan, 58 Ishmael ben Fabus, 58 - 62 ( restored ? ) Joseph Cabi ben Simon, 62 - 63 Ananus ben Ananus, 63 Joshua ben Damneus, 63 Joshua ben Gamla, 63 - 64 ( his wife Martha belonged to family of Boethus ) Mattathias ben Theophilus, 65 - 66 Phannias ben Samuel, 67 - 70 References Notes Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10 : 151 -- 153 ( 10.8. 6, in the order : book, chapter and verse. ) Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10 : 151 -- 153 ( 10.8. 6 ) Jump up ^ According to Abu l - Fath, a Samaritan chronicler writing in the 14th century CE, this transfer was the result of a civil war between the followers of Uzzi and Eli. Samaritans claim descent from the followers of Buzzi, who in this account stayed at Mount Gerizim while Eli 's followers moved to Shiloh. ( Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles, The Keepers, An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans, Hendrickson Publishing, 2002, p. 11 -- 12. ) Jump up ^ The list in Antiquities of the Jews 10 : 151 - 153 contains 17 high priests, but Josephus also mentioned the High Priests Seraiah in 10 : 149 and Jehoiada in 9.7. Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10 : 151 -- 153 ( 10.8. 6, in the order : book, chapter and verse. ) Jump up ^ Josephus mentions Jehoiada as high priest in his account of Athaliah 's reign ( Antiquities of the Jews 9.7 ) but not in list of High Priests ( Antiquities of the Jews 10 : 151 - 153 ) Jump up ^ Judaica Press Tanach with Rashi Commentary. Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities. Book 12, Chapter 2 ( 43 ) Jump up ^ Jewish Encyclopedia : Judas Maccabseus Jump up ^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=269&letter=M Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 20.5. 2 Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 20.8. 5 High Priests of Israel ( List ) Tabernacle Aaron Eleazar Phinehas Abishua Bukki Uzzi Eli Ahitub Ahijah Ahimelech Abiathar First Temple Zadok Ahimaaz Azariah I Johanan Jehoiarib Jehoshaphat Jehoiada Pediah Zedekiah Azariah II Hilkiah Post-exilic Joshua Joiakim Eliashib Joiada Johanan Jaddua Onias I Simon I Simeon the Just Eleazar Manasseh Onias II Simon II Onias III Jason Menelaus Onias IV Alcimus Hasmonean dynasty Jonathan Apphus Simon Thassi Hyrcanus I Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus Herodians to the Jewish Revolt Ananelus Aristobulus III Joshua ben Fabus Simon ben Boethus Joazar ben Boethus Eleazar ben Boethus Annas Caiaphas Theophilus ben Ananus Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras Ananias ben Nebedeus Joseph Cabi ben Simon Ananus ben Ananus Joshua ben Damneus Joshua ben Gamaliel Mattathias ben Theophilus Phannias ben Samuel Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel&oldid=823399690 '' Categories : High Priests of Israel Ancient Israel and Judah Lists of Israeli people by occupation Lists of Israeli people Priesthood ( Judaism ) Israel religion - related lists Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Boarisch Deutsch Español Italiano Magyar Nederlands Polski Português Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски 中文 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 1 February 2018, at 01 : 02. 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Question: who became the first high priest of israel
Answer: Aaron