Jerry Rawlings - wikipedia Jerry Rawlings This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. ( June 2017 ) Jerry John Rawlings President of Ghana ( 1st President of the 4th Republic ) In office 7 January 1993 -- 7 January 2001 Vice President Kow Nkensen Arkaah ( 1993 -- 1997 ) John Atta Mills ( 1997 -- 2001 ) Preceded by Himself Succeeded by John Agyekum Kufuor Chairperson of ECOWAS In office 1994 -- 1996 Head of State of Ghana In office 31 December 1981 -- 7 January 1993 Vice President None Preceded by Hilla Limann Head of State of Ghana In office 4 June 1979 -- 24 September 1979 Preceded by General Fred Akuffo Succeeded by Hilla Limann Personal details ( 1947 - 06 - 22 ) 22 June 1947 ( age 71 ) Accra, Gold Coast ( now Ghana ) Political party military -- AFRC ( 1979 ) military -- PNDC ( 1981 -- 93 ) Multi-Party Democracy -- NDC ( 1993 -- 2001 ) Spouse ( s ) Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings Children 5 Profession Fighter pilot Awards UDS Honorary Award Military service Allegiance Ghana Service / branch Ghana Air Force Years of service 1968 -- 92 Rank Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings ( born 22 June 1947 ) is a former head of state and president of Ghana. Rawlings initially came to power in Ghana as a flight lieutenant of the Ghana Air Force following a coup d'état in 1979 and, after initially handing power over to a civilian government, took back control of the country on 31 December 1981 as the Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council. In 1992, Rawlings resigned from the Armed Forces, founded the National Democratic Congress and became the first President of the Fourth Republic. He was re-elected in 1996 for a further four years. He currently serves as the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings attempted a coup d'état on 15 May 1979, leading a group of military personnel in a coup attempt on General Fred Akuffo which resulted in him being arrested, imprisoned and facing a death sentence. However, a speech he gave during his trial resonated with a large section of the public that rose up in his defence. Consequently, on 4 June, soldiers sympathetic to his motivations broke him out of jail, and he led a revolt of both the military and civilians which overthrew General Akuffo and the Supreme Military Council, effectively leaving him in charge. Rawlings and the soldiers around him formed the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council ( AFRC ) and conducted what it termed `` a housecleaning exercise '', whose aim was to purge Ghanaian society of all the corruption and social injustices that they perceived to be at the root of their coup d'état. The AFRC organized an election which was won by Hilla Limann of the People 's National Party ( PNP ). On 31 December 1981 Rawlings and together with some soldiers and civilians took advantage of new year festivities organized by Limann and overthrew the Limann government, citing economic mismanagement. Rawlings then installed the Provisional National Defence Council ( PNDC ) with himself as the Chairman. In 1992, Rawlings retired from the military and set up the National Democratic Congress ( NDC ). He legalized political parties and organized Presidential and Parliamentary elections, in response to demands for a more democratic process concerning the governing of the country. Rawlings and his party won with 58.3 percent of the vote, with outside observers declaring the voting to be `` free and fair ''. In 1996, Rawlings went on to win a second term as President. After two terms in office, barred by the constitution from standing in any election, Rawlings endorsed his vice-president John Atta Mills as presidential candidate in 2000. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Military career 2 Purges 3 Post-military 4 Post presidency 5 Awards and honours 6 References 7 External links Background Jerry John Rawlings was born in Accra, Gold Coast, on 22 June 1947, to Victoria Agbotui ( born 9 September 1919 in Dzelukope near Keta in what is now the Volta Region of Ghana ), and James Ramsey John, a chemist from Castle Douglas in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. James Ramsey John was married in England to someone else and his descendants now live in Newcastle and London. Rawlings attended Achimota School. Rawlings is married to Nana Konadu Agyeman and they have three daughters : Ezanetor Rawlings, Yaa Asantewaa Rawlings, Amina Rawlings ; and one son, Kimathi Rawlings. Military career In March, 1968, he was posted to Takoradi in the Western Region to continue his studies. He graduated in January 1969, and was commissioned a Pilot Officer, winning the coveted `` Speed Bird Trophy '' as the best cadet in flying the Su - 7 ground attack supersonic jet aircraft. He earned the rank of Flight Lieutenant ( Flt. Lt. ) in April 1978. During his service with the Ghanaian Air Force, Rawlings perceived a deterioration of discipline and morale, reflecting the corruption of the Supreme Military Council ( SMC ) at that time. As promotion brought him into contact with the privileged classes and their social values, his view of the injustices in society hardened. He was thus regarded with some unease by the SMC. He read widely and discussed social and political ideas with a growing circle of like - minded friends and colleagues. In May 1979, Rawlings, together with six other soldiers, was arrested by the Ghanaian Military for a mutiny labeled as a coup attempt ( because the military was in power at the time ) against the government of General Fred Akuffo, and Rawlings appeared before a General Court Martial, charged with leading a squad of soldiers on 15 May 1979. While awaiting his execution, Rawlings was sprung from custody on 4 June 1979 by a group of soldiers. He led the insurgency that ousted the Supreme Military Council from office with Armed Forces Revolutionary Council ( AFRC ). On the night of 4 June, lives were lost in both the forces fighting against the military government and those fighting on the side of the insurgency. As one of his first acts in power, Rawlings signed the orders for the execution of a former military president of Ghana who was later executed : Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, and Air Vice-Marshal Yaw Boakye. Four other generals -- Kotei, Joy Amedume, Roger Felli, and Utuka -- were also put to death. Rawlings has never denied responsibility for this. The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council ( AFRC ), under the Military Marshal of Rawlings, carried out, what Rawlings described as a much wider `` house - cleaning exercise ''. Meanwhile, following a programme already set in motion before the 4 June insurgency. On 24 September 1979, the AFRC military allowed the governing of the People 's National Party ( PNP ) under Hilla Limann. Limann 's administration was cut short on 31 December 1981, when Rawlings deposed him in another coup. The Provisional National Defence Council ( PNDC ), composed of both civilian and soldiers, was established with Rawlings as the Chairman. The PNDC, led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings began the process of what Rawlings said to be a decentralisation. Purges Immediately following the overthrow of the Gen. Akuffo government, Rawlings and his men embarked on what was termed `` house - cleaning ''. They immediately tried and executed General Akuffo, General I.K. Acheampong, and General Afrifa, all former heads of state, who had participated in earlier treasonable coups against former Presidents like Nkrumah. Air Vice-Marshal Yaw Boakye, General Utuka, Amedume, Felli and Kotei were also executed for their roles in undermining the image of the military through corrupt acts. The killings of the Supreme Court justices ( Cecilia Koranteng Addo, Frederick Sarkodie, and Kwadjo Agyei Agyepong ), military officers Major Sam Acquah and Major Dasana Nantogmah and the killings and disappearance of more than 300 other Ghanaians occurred at this time in Ghana 's history. Post-military In Jerry John Rawlings ' first official speech subsequent to the removal of Hilla Limann, he announced the creation of the National Commission on Democracy ( NCD ), which began decentralisation and dissemination. Opposition to the PNDC, agitated for a return to multi-party democracy. The National Commission on Democracy was put into high gear to begin the process to return to multi-party elections. National Commission for Democracy ( NCD ) was empowered to hold debates and formulate some suggestions for a transition to multi-party democracy. Opposition groups complained that the NCD was too closely associated with the PNDC, the commission continued its work through 1991. In March of that year the NCD released a report recommending the election of an executive president, the establishment of a national assembly, and the creation of a prime minister post. The PNDC accepted the report, and the following year it was approved in a referendum. Political parties were legalised by Rawlings -- - with the provision that none could use names that had been used before -- and a timetable was set for presidential and parliamentary elections. When presidential elections were held in 1992, Rawlings stood as the candidate for the National Democratic Congress ( NDC ), the successor party to the PNDC. Although his opponents were given access to television and newspaper coverage, and limits to the freedom of the press had been slightly lifted, no single candidate could match him. Election returns on 3 November 1992 revealed that Rawlings had won 58.3 percent of the vote, for a landslide victory. Almost immediately, the opposition parties claimed that the presidential election was not fair, and that widespread abuses had occurred. The leaders encouraged their followers to boycott subsequent Ghana parliamentary and presidential elections, with the result that NDC officials won 189 of 200 seats in the parliament. Answering questions about polling place irregularities, he said he will initiate a new voter registration program. Rawlings and the NDC again held onto the Ghana parliament in 1992 and 1996. Per his constitutional mandate, Rawlings ' term of office ended in 2001 ; he retired in 2001, Rawlings was succeeded by John Agyekum Kufuor, his main rival and opponent in 1996. Kufuor succeeded in defeating Rawlings 's vice-president John Atta Mills in 2000. In 2004, Mills conceded to Kufuor and Kufuor ran for another four years. Post presidency In November 2000, Rawlings was named the first International Year of Volunteers 2001 Eminent Person by UN Secretary - General Kofi Annan, attending various events and conferences to promote volunteerism. In October 2010, Jerry John Rawlings was named African Union Envoy to Somalia. He has given lectures at universities, including Oxford University. Jerry John Rawlings has continued his heavy support for NDC. Awards and honours October 2013 : Honorary degree ( Doctorate of Letters ) from the University for Development Studies in northern Ghana. This award recognised Rawlings 's contribution to the establishment of the University. In 1993 he used his US $50,000 Hunger Project cash prize as seed money to sponsor the establishment of the state - owned university ( founded in May 1992 ), the first of its kind in the three northern regions. October 2013 : Global Champion for People 's Freedom award by the Mkiva Humanitarian Foundation. References ^ Jump up to : `` FLT LT JERRY JOHN RAWLINGS Former President of The Republic of Ghana ''. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Flt. - Lt. ( Rtd ) Jerry John Rawlings Profile : ''. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013. Jump up ^ Freeman, Colin ; France - Presse, Agence ( 7 December 2016 ). `` ' Ghana 's Hillary Clinton ' : Nana Rawlings is first woman to run for president in West African country, as election gets under way ''. The Telegraph. ISSN 0307 - 1235. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013. Jump up ^ Yingna, Wu. `` Faces of Africa 04 / 02 / 2017 The Jerry Rawlings Story ''. CGTN. Retrieved 25 July 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Jerry Rawlings : A Threat to Ghana 's Democracy ? '' Archived 7 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine... The African Executive. Jump up ^ National Democratic Institute Archived 5 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` IYV 2001 : A chronology '' published at unv.org Archived 6 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine., by UN Volunteers, accessed August 11, 2016 Jump up ^ Rawlings named AU envoy to Somalia Archived 2 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine... news24.com. Jump up ^ University for Development Studies News. `` Acceptance Speech by H.E. Jerry John Rawlings '' ( PDF ). Leadership for Sustainable Development and Democratic Transition in Ghana. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013. Jump up ^ Peace FM Online ( 27 October 2013 ). `` Rawlings Receives Another Award In South Africa And Says The World Is Engulfed In Hypocrisy ''. Office of Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings / Former President of the Republic of Ghana. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013. External links Flight Lieutenant Jeremiah John Rawlings Official Website Biography of Jerry J. Rawlings at Encyclopædia Britannica Political offices Preceded by Fred Akuffo Head of state of Ghana 1979 Succeeded by Hilla Limann Preceded by Hilla Limann Head of state of Ghana 1981 -- 1993 Succeeded by Constitutional Rule Preceded by Constitutional rule re-established in Ghana President of Ghana 1993 -- 2001 Succeeded by John Kufuor Preceded by Nicéphore Soglo Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States 1994 -- 1996 Succeeded by Sani Abacha Military offices Preceded by Joseph Nunoo - Mensah Chief of the Defence Staff November 1982 -- August 1983 Succeeded by Arnold Quainoo Party political offices New title National Democratic Congress presidential candidate 1992, 1996 Succeeded by John Atta Mills Heads of State of Ghana Queen ( 1957 -- 1960 ) Elizabeth II President of the First Republic ( 1960 -- 1966 ) Nkrumah Military regime ( 1966 -- 1969 ) Ankrah Afrifa President of the Second Republic ( 1969 -- 1972 ) Afrifa Ollennu * E. Akufo - Addo Military regime ( 1972 -- 1979 ) Acheampong Akuffo Rawlings President of the Third Republic ( 1979 -- 1981 ) Limann Military regime ( 1981 -- 1993 ) Rawlings President of the Fourth Republic ( from 1993 ) Rawlings Kufuor Mills Mahama N. Akufo - Addo * Acting President Ghana articles History Ashanti Empire Gold Coast First Republic ( 1960 -- 1966 ) National Liberation Council Kofi Busia Ignatius Kutu Acheampong Armed Forces Revolutionary Council Hilla Limann Provisional National Defence Council Jerry Rawlings John Kufuor John Mills John Mahama Nana Akufo - Addo Geography Cities Climate Forests Mountains National parks Protected areas Rivers Wildlife Politics Administrative divisions Constitution Cabinet Elections Foreign relations Government Human rights Judiciary Law enforcement Military Political parties Parliament President Prime Minister Economy Agriculture Cedi ( currency ) Central Bank Energy Fishing Labor Manufacturing Mining Oil Stock Exchange Telecommunications Tourism Transport Water and sanitation Society Demographics Education Ethnic groups Health Languages Religion Women Culture Cultural heritage Cuisine Festivals Media Music National anthem National pledge Public holidays Sport Social conduct Outline Index Bibliography Portal Timeline of Ghana Templates BNF : cb12090176t ( data ) GND : 118910191 ISNI : 0000 0000 5539 5362 LCCN : n80163163 SELIBR : 318781 SNAC : w6vh6jz6 SUDOC : 029232708 VIAF : 64806148 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Rawlings&oldid=855463591 '' Categories : 1947 births Alumni of Achimota School Ghana Air Force personnel Ghanaian people of Scottish descent Ghanaian Roman Catholics Ghanaian soldiers Leaders who took power by coup Living people National Democratic Congress ( Ghana ) politicians People from Accra Presidents of Ghana Chiefs of the Defence Staff of Ghana Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links BLP articles lacking sources from June 2017 All BLP articles lacking sources Use dmy dates from October 2013 Pages using infobox officeholder with an atypical party value Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Akan Brezhoneg Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara Eʋegbe فارسی Français 한국어 Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Yorùbá 中文 23 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 August 2018, at 13 : 49 ( UTC ). 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Question: the african prime minister who first came to power in ghana
Answer: Jerry John Rawlings