Czechs - wikipedia Czechs Czechs Češi Total population c. 10 -- 12 million Regions with significant populations Czech Republic 6,732,104 -- 9 246 784 Significant diasporic populations in : United States 1,462,000 Canada 94,805 Germany 60,000 Israel 50,000 Argentina 45,000 United Kingdom 45,000 Austria 40,324 Italy 40,000 France 38,000 Slovakia 30,367 Australia 21,196 Switzerland 20,000 Croatia 9,641 ( 2011 ) Chile 8,600 Ukraine 11,000 Sweden 7,175 ( 2001 ) Ireland 5,451 Spain 5,622 ( 2006 ) Russia 5,000 -- 6,000 Brazil 5,000 Netherlands 3,500 Romania 3,339 ( 2002 ) Poland 3,000 South Africa 2,300 Mexico 2,000 Venezuela 2,000 Serbia 1,824 ( 2011 ) Colombia 1,200 New Zealand 1,083 Kazakhstan 1,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina 600 -- 1,000 Languages Czech Religion Mostly irreligious Historically Christian Roman Catholic, Hussite, Lutheran and other Related ethnic groups Other West Slavs also Austrians and Germans The Czechs ( Czech : Češi, pronounced ( ˈtʃɛʃɪ ) ; singular masculine : Čech ( ˈtʃɛx ), singular feminine : Češka ( ˈtʃɛʃka ) ) or the Czech people ( Český národ ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the medieval land of Bohemia which in turn was adapted from late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic tribes of Bohemians settled in the area, `` assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations '', and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was part of great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the United States, Canada, Israel, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Australia, Argentina and Brazil among others. Contents 1 Ethnology 1.1 Genetics 2 History 3 Notable people 3.1 Historical figures 3.2 Modern politicians 3.3 Science 3.4 Sports 3.5 The arts 3.5. 1 Music 3.5. 2 Literature 3.5. 3 Visual Arts 3.5. 4 Film 3.5. 5 Modeling 3.6 Saints 3.7 Natives 3.8 Czech ancestry 4 Geography 5 Czech language 6 Religion 7 Demographics 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Notes 9.2 Citations 10 Sources 11 Further reading 12 External links Ethnology Part of a series on the Culture of Czech Republic History History Kingdom of Bohemia Czech National Revival People Languages Mythology and folklore Mythology folklore Cuisine Festivals Religion Art Literature Music and performing arts Music Performing arts Media Television Cinema Telecommunications Sport Monuments World Heritage Sites Symbols Flag Coat of arms Czech Republic portal The Czech ethnic group is part of the West Slavic subgroup of the larger Slavic ethno - linguistical group. The West Slavs have origin in early Slavic tribes which settled in Central Europe after East Germanic tribes had left this area during the migration period. The West Slavic tribe of Bohemians settled in the area of Bohemia during the migration period, and assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations. They formed a principality in the 9th century, the Duchy of Bohemia, under the Přemyslid dynasty which was part of the Great Moravia under Svatopluk I. According to mythology, the founding father of the Czech people were Forefather Čech, who according to legend brought the tribe of Czechs into its land. The Czech are closely related to the neighbouring Slovaks ( with whom they constituted Czechoslovakia 1918 -- 1993 ). The Czech -- Slovak languages form a dialect continuum rather than being two clearly distinct languages. Czech cultural influence in Slovak culture is noted as having been much higher than the other way around. Czech ( Slavic ) people have a long history of coexistence with Germanic people. In the 17th century, German replaced Czech in central and local administration ; upper classes in Bohemia and Moravia were Germanized, and espoused a political identity ( landespatriotismus ), while Czech ethnic identity survived among the lower and lower - middle classes. The Czech National Revival took place in the 18th and 19th centuries aiming to revive Czech language, culture and national identity. The Czech were the initiators of Pan-Slavism. The Czech ethnonym ( archaic Čechové ) was the name of a Slavic tribe in central Bohemia that subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech / Bohemian state. The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown. According to legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Research regards Čech as a derivative of the root čel - ( member of the people, kinsman ). The Czech ethnonym was adopted by the Moravians in the 19th century. The name `` Bohemia '' ( and `` Bohemians '' ) is Germanic ; English used that name until after the establishment of Czechoslovakia. Genetics Further information : Genetic history of Europe Distribution of populations in selected nations according to their Haplogroup frequencies, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2007 Czech samples German samples Polish samples Italian samples Balkan samples The population of the Czech lands has been influenced by different human migrations that wide - crossed Europe over time. In their Y - DNA haplogroups, which are inherited along the male line, Czechs have shown a mix of Eastern and Western European traits. 34.2 % of Czech males belong to R1a, which is particularly common in a large region extending from South Asia and Southern Siberia to Central Europe and Scandinavia. Within the Czech Republic, the proportion of R1a seems to gradually increase from west to east According to a 2000 study, 35.6 % of Czech males have haplogroup R1b, which is very common in Western Europe among Germanic and Celtic nations, but rare among Slavic nations. A mtDNA study of 179 individuals from Western Bohemia showed that 3 % had East Eurasian lineages that perhaps entered the gene pool through admixture with Central Asian nomadic tribes in the early Middle Ages. A group of scientists suggested that the high frequency of a gene mutation causing cystic fibrosis in Central European ( including Czech R. ) and Celtic populations proves a proto - Celtic population origin, besides the Slavic, in the Czech population. Y - DNA studies Population n R1b R1a E1b1b Others Reference Czech R. 257 -- 7001342000000000000 ♠ 34.2 7001183000000000000 ♠ 18.3 7000580000000000000 ♠ 5.8 7000470000000000000 ♠ 4.7 7000510000000099999 ♠ 5.1 7000160000000000000 ♠ 1.6 -- -- Luca et al. 2007 Czech R. ? 7001356000000000000 ♠ 35.6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Semino et al. 2000 History Slavic tribes in Europe in the 7th to 9th Century Duchy of Bohemia, the early form of the Czech state pictured in the 11th century within the Holy Roman Empire Forefather Čech on the Říp Mountain The population of the Czech Republic descends from diverse peoples of Slavic, Celtic and Germanic origin. Presence of West Slavs in the 6th century during the Migration Period has been documented on the Czech territory. Slavs settled in Bohemia, Moravia and Austria sometime during the 6th or 7th centuries, and `` assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations ''. According to a popular myth, the Slavs came with Forefather Čech who settled at the Říp Mountain. During the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, supporting the Slavs fighting against nearby settled Avars, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, the Samo 's Empire. The principality Great Moravia, controlled by the Moymir dynasty, arose in the 8th century and reached its zenith in the 9th ( during the reign of Svatopluk I of Moravia ) when it held off the influence of the Franks. Great Moravia was Christianized, the crucial role played Byzantine mission of Cyril and Methodius. The Duchy of Bohemia emerged in the late 9th century. In 880, Prague Castle was constructed by Prince Bořivoj, founder of the Přemyslid dynasty and the city of Prague was established. Vratislav II was the first Czech king in 1085 and the duchy was raised to a hereditary kingdom under Ottokar I in 1198. The second half of the 13th century was a period of advancing German immigration into the Czech lands. The number of Czechs who have at least partly German ancestry today probably runs into hundreds of thousands. The Habsburg Monarchy focused much of its power on religious wars against the Protestants. While these religious wars were taking place, the Czech estates revolted against Habsburg from 1546 to 1547 but were ultimately defeated. Part of a series on Czechs Diaspora Europe Vienna ( Austria ) Bulgaria Croatia France Poland Romania Serbia United Kingdom North America United States ( Baltimore, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas ) Mexico Canada South America Argentina Brazil Venezuela Oceania Australia Subgroups Moravians Silesians Culture Literature Music Art Cinema Cuisine Dress Sport Religion History History of the Czech lands Rulers Language Czech Moravian Related nations Austrians * Germans * Poles * Silesians * Slovaks * West Slavs Czech traditional costumes Defenestrations of Prague in 1618, signaled an open revolt by the Bohemian estates against the Habsburgs and started the Thirty Years ' War. After the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, all Czech lands were declared hereditary property of the Habsburg family. The German language was made equal to the Czech language. Czech patriotic authors tend to call the following period, from 1620 to 1648 until the late 18th century, the `` Dark Age ''. It is characterized by devastation by foreign troops ; Germanization ; and economic and political decline. It is estimated that the population of the Czech lands declined by a third. The 18th and 19th century is characterized by the Czech National Revival, focusing to revive Czech culture and national identity. Since the turn of the 20th century, Chicago is the city with the third largest Czech population, after Prague and Vienna. During World War I, Czechoslovak Legions fought in France, Italy and Russia against the Central Powers and in 1918 was proclaimed independent Czechoslovakia. Czechs formed the leading class in the new state from the remnants of the Austrian - Hungarian Monarchy. After 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in central and eastern Europe. However, in 1938 the Munich Agreement severed the Sudetenland, with a considerable Czech minority, from Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 the German Nazi regime established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia for Resttschechei ( the rump Czech state ). Emil Hácha became president of the protectorate under Nazi domination, which only allowed pro-Nazi Czech associations and tended to stress ties of the Czechs with the Bohemian Germans and other parts of the German people, in order to facilitate assimilation by Germanization. In Lidice, Ležáky and Javoříčko the Nazi authorities committed war crimes against the local Czech population. On May 2, 1945, the Prague Uprising reached its peak, supported by the Russian Liberation Army. The post-war expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and the immediate reprisals against Germans and Nazi collaborators by Czech resistance and the Czechoslovak state authorities, made Czechs -- especially in the early 1950s -- settle alongside Slovaks and Romani people in the former lands of the Sudeten Germans, who had been deported to East Germany, West Germany and Austria according to the Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference. The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 was followed by a wave of emigration, unseen before and stopped shortly after ( estimate : 70,000 immediately, 300,000 in total ), typically of highly qualified people. Tens of thousands of Czechs had repatriated from Volhynia and Banat after World War II. Since the 1990s, the Czech Republic has been working to repatriate Romania and Kazakhstan 's ethnic Czechs. Following the Czech Republic 's entry into the European Union in May 2004, Czechs gradually gained the right to work in EU countries without a work permit. Notable people See also : List of Czechs Historical figures The last five Přemyslids were kings : Ottokar I of Bohemia, Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, Ottokar II of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Wenceslaus III of Bohemia. The most successful and influential of all Czech kings was Charles IV, who also became the Holy Roman Emperor. The Luxembourg dynasty represents the heights of Czech ( Bohemian ) statehood territorial and influence as well as advancement in many areas of human endeavors. Many people are considered national heroes and cultural icons, many national stories concern their lives. Jan Hus was a religious reformist from the 15th century and spiritual father of the Hussite Movement. Jan Žižka and Prokop the Great were leaders of hussite army, George of Poděbrady was a hussite king. Albrecht von Wallenstein was a notable military leader during the Thirty Years ' War. The teacher of nations Jan Amos Komenský is also considered a notable figure in Czech history. Joseph Radetzky von Radetz was an Austrian general staff during the later period of the Napoleonic Wars. Josef Jungmann is often credited for expanding the modern Czech language, and preventing its extinction. The first modern Czech politician was František Palacký, often called `` father of nation ''. Modern politicians One of the most notable figures are founders of Czechoslovakia, modern state of independence of Czech and Slovak nations, Presidents Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš, who was also leader of exile government in World War II. Ludvík Svoboda was a head of the Czechoslovak military units on the Eastern Front during the World War II ( later president of Czechoslovakia ). The key figures of the Communist regime were Klement Gottwald, Antonín Zápotocký, Antonín Novotný ( and Slovak Gustáv Husák ), the most famous victims of this regime were Milada Horáková and Rudolf Slánský. Jan Palach committed self - immolation as a political protest against the end of the Prague Spring resulting from the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armies. Another notable politician after the fall of the communist regime is Václav Havel, last President of Czechoslovakia and first President of the Czech Republic. The current first directly elected president is Miloš Zeman. The Czech Republic has had multiple Prime Ministers the first of which was latter Presidents Václav Klaus and Miloš Zeman. Another Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic were conservative politicians such as Mirek Topolánek, Petr Nečas and social democratic such as Vladimír Špidla, Jiří Paroubek, Bohuslav Sobotka. Diplomat Madeleine Albright is of Czech origin and fluent in Czech. Other well - known Czech diplomats were Jan Masaryk or Jiří Dienstbier. Science Czechs established themselves mainly in Biology, Chemistry, Philology or Egyptology. Chemistry -- Jaroslav Heyrovský ( Nobel Prize 1959 ), Zdenko Hans Skraup Biology -- Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Carl Borivoj Presl, Jan Svatopluk Presl, Karel Domin, Kaspar Maria von Sternberg, Friedrich von Berchtold, Ferdinand Stoliczka, Wenceslas Bojer, Jan Janský, Alberto Vojtěch Frič, August Carl Joseph Corda Mathematics -- Eduard Čech, Miroslav Katětov, Petr Vopěnka Physics and Engineering -- Ignaz von Born, Otto Wichterle, František Běhounek, Jan Marek Marci, Josef Ressel, František Křižík, Vincenc Strouhal, Prokop Diviš, František Josef Gerstner Astronomy -- Antonín Mrkos, Antonín Bečvář Astronautics -- Vladimír Remek Philology -- Bedřich Hrozný, Josef Dobrovský, Josef Jungmann, Vilém Mathesius, Julius Pokorny, René Wellek, Jan Mukařovský Medicine -- Carl von Rokitansky, Joseph Škoda Archeology -- Pavel Pavel, Lubor Niederle, Karel Absolon, Miroslav Verner Anthropology and Ethnography -- Aleš Hrdlička, Emil Holub, Alois Musil History -- František Palacký, Bohuslav Balbín, Konstantin Jireček, Max Dvořák, Miroslav Hroch Philosophy -- Jan Patočka, Karel Kosík, Egon Bondy, Ladislav Klíma Psychology -- Stanislav Grof Theology -- Jan Hus, Jerome of Prague, Petr Chelčický, Jan Rokycana, Tomáš Špidlík, Tomáš Halík Modern occultism -- Franz Bardon Pedagogy -- Jan Amos Komenský Folklorists -- František Ladislav Čelakovský, Karel Jaromír Erben Literary theory -- Karel Teige, Pavel Janáček Sports Sports have also been a contributor to famous Czechs especially tennis, football, hockey, and athletics : Tennis -- Jaroslav Drobný, Jan Kodeš, Martina Navrátilová, Ivan Lendl, Hana Mandlíková, Jana Novotná, Helena Suková, Petr Korda, Petra Kvitová, Tomáš Berdych, Karolína Plíšková Football -- Oldřich Nejedlý, Antonín Puč, František Plánička, Josef Bican, Josef Masopust, Ivo Viktor, Antonín Panenka, Zdeněk Nehoda, Tomáš Skuhravý, Pavel Nedvěd, Karel Poborský, Jan Koller, Milan Baroš, Marek Jankulovski, Vladimír Šmicer, Tomáš Rosický, Petr Čech Hockey -- Jaromír Jágr, Dominik Hašek, Vladimír Růžička, Jiří Šlégr, Ivan Hlinka, Jiří Holeček, Jaroslav Pouzar, Jiří Hrdina, Petr Sýkora, Patrik Eliáš, Bobby Holík, Michal Rozsíval, Milan Hejduk, Petr Nedvěd, Martin Straka, Václav Prospal, Jakub Voráček, Tomáš Plekanec, František Kaberle, David Výborný, Pavel Patera, Martin Procházka, David Krejci Athletics -- Emil Zátopek, Dana Zátopková, Jarmila Kratochvílová, Roman Šebrle, Jan Železný, Barbora Špotáková Chess -- Wilhelm Steinitz, Věra Menčíková, Richard Réti, Salo Flohr, David Navara Others -- Věra Čáslavská, Martina Sáblíková, Martin Doktor, Štěpánka Hilgertová, Josef Holeček, Kateřina Neumannová, Filip Jícha, Jiří Zídek Sr., Jan Veselý The arts Music Bedřich Smetana Among his Friends, 1865 ; oil painting by František Dvořák Czech music had its first significant pieces created in the 11th century. The great progress of Czech artificial music began with the end of the Renaissance and the early Baroque era, concretely in works of Adam Václav Michna z Otradovic, where the specific character of Czech music was rising up by using the influence of genuine folk music. This tradition determined the development of Czech music and has remained the main sign in the works of great Czech composers of almost all eras -- Jan Dismas Zelenka and Josef Mysliveček in Baroque, Bedřich Smetana and Antonín Dvořák in Romanticism, Leoš Janáček, Bohuslav Martinů and Josef Suk in modern classical or Petr Eben and Miloslav Kabeláč in contemporary classical music. Czech musicians also played an important role in the development of European music. Jan Václav Antonín Stamic in 18th - century contributed to the creation of Classicism in music by innovations of compositional forms and the founding of the Mannheim school. Similarly, Antonín Rejcha 's experiments prefigured new compositional techniques in the 19th century. The influence of Czech musicians expanded beyond the borders of the European continent, when Antonín Dvořák created a new American classical music style, using the richness of ethnic music of that country during his mission in the US. The contribution of Alois Hába to microtonal music in the 20th century must be also mentioned. Czech music reached as far as Qing China. Karel Slavíček was a Jesuit missionary, scientist and sinologist who was introduced to the Kangxi Emperor on February 3, 1717, in Beijing. The emperor favored him and employed him as court musician. ( Slavíček was a Spinet player ). Some notable modern Czech musicians are US - based composer and guitarist Ivan Král, musician and composer Jan Hammer and the rock band The Plastic People of the Universe which played an important part in the underground movement during the communist regime. The Czech Republic first entered the Eurovision Song Contest in 2007. Czech performer qualified for the grand final for the first time in 2016 when singer Gabriela Gunčíková finished in 25th place. Other important names : Franz Benda, Rafael Kubelík, Jan Ladislav Dussek, Vítězslav Novák, Zdeněk Fibich, Jan Kubelík, Jiří Antonín Benda, Julius Fučík, Karel Svoboda, Karel Kryl, Václav Neumann, Václav Talich, František Xaver Richter, Jan Křtitel Vaňhal, Vojtěch Živný, Josef Bohuslav Foerster, Magdalena Kožená, Karel Ančerl, Ema Destinnová, Maria Jeritza, František Xaver Brixi, Jiří Bělohlávek, Oskar Nedbal, Karel Gott. Literature Jaroslav Seifert was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poetry. Božena Němcová has become a cultural icon and gained much fame for her book Babička. Other important Czech writers include Milan Kundera, Karel Čapek, Jaroslav Hašek, Jan Neruda, Franz Kafka, Bohumil Hrabal, Viktor Dyk, Kosmas, Pavel Kohout, Alois Jirásek, Josef Škvorecký, Karel Jaromír Erben, Jiří Wolker, Karel Hynek Mácha, Vítězslav Nezval, Arnošt Lustig, Jaroslav Vrchlický, Karel Havlíček Borovský, Ivan Klíma, Egon Erwin Kisch, Vladimír Holan, Julius Zeyer or Svatopluk Čech. From contemporary Czech writers can be mentioned Jáchym Topol, Patrik Ouředník, Michal Viewegh or Daniela Hodrová. Important playwrights were Karel Čapek, František Langer or Josef Kajetán Tyl. Strong was also the theatrical avant - garde ( Jan Werich, Jiří Voskovec, Emil František Burian ). Known journalists were Julius Fučík, Milena Jesenská or Ferdinand Peroutka. Visual arts The Slav Epic by Alfons Mucha Mikoláš Aleš was a painter, known for redesigning the Prague National Theatre. Alphonse Mucha was an influential artist in the Art Nouveau movement of the Edwardian period. František Kupka was a pioneer and co-founder of the abstract art movement. Other well - known painters are Josef Čapek, Josef Lada, Theodoric of Prague, Wenceslaus Hollar, Toyen, Jan Kupecký, Petr Brandl, Vladimír Vašíček, Václav Brožík, Josef Mánes, Karel Škréta or Max Švabinský. Renowned sculptors were Josef Václav Myslbek or Matyáš Bernard Braun, photographers Jan Saudek, Josef Sudek, František Drtikol or Josef Koudelka, illustrators Zdeněk Burian or Adolf Born, architects Jan Kotěra or Josef Gočár. Jiří Kylián was an important ballet choreographer. Film Film director Miloš Forman Film director Miloš Forman, known best for his movie, One Flew over the Cuckoo 's Nest is of Czech origin and started his career in Czechoslovakia. Forman was a member of the so - called Czech New Wave. Other members included Jiří Menzel ( Oscar 1967 ), Věra Chytilová and Elmar Klos ( Oscar 1965 ). Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film has also Jan Svěrák ( 1996 ). The influential surrealist filmmaker and animator Jan Švankmajer was born in Prague and has resided in the Czech Republic throughout his life. In the field of animation and puppet film made famous Zdeněk Miler, Karel Zeman and Jiří Trnka. Actors Zdeněk Svěrák, Vlastimil Brodský, Vladimír Menšík, Libuše Šafránková or Karel Roden have also made a mark in modern Czech history. The most successful Czech erotic actress is Silvia Saint. Modeling The first Czech models have made a breakthrough in the international modeling were Paulina Porizkova or Ivana Trump. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia many other models succeeded : Karolína Kurková, Eva Herzigová, Taťána Kuchařová, Petra Němcová and Daniela Peštová. Saints St. John of Nepomuk ( Jan Nepomucký ) Czech culture involves many saints, most notably St. Wenceslaus ( Václav ), patron of the Czech nation, St. John of Nepomuk ( Jan Nepomucký ), St. Adalbert ( Vojtěch ), Saint Procopius or St. Agnes of Bohemia ( Anežka Česká ). Although not a Christian, rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel of Prague, a 16th Century scholar and one of the most influential figures of Jewish history, is considered to be part of the country 's religious legacy as well. Natives Modern Czech nation was formed in process of Czech national revival. In it, he pushed linguistic concept of the nation ( particularly promoted by Jungmann ), i.e. `` Czech = one who has Czech language as their first language - naturally or by choice. '' ( That is why they are often considered the Czechs, Slovaks who have chosen the Czech language as their literary language, such as Ján Kollár or Pavel Jozef Šafařík ). Like other nations, the Czechs also discuss two alternative concepts - land concept ( Czech is one who is born in the historic Czech territory ), which in times of Jungmann success primarily nobility, and ethnic concept. Definition by the territory is still discussed alternative, from time to time is indicated for Czechs number of natives ( speaking mostly German, English or otherwise ) - these include US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, film director Karel Reisz, actor Herbert Lom, the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, the founder of genetics Gregor Mendel, logician and mathematician Kurt Gödel, the philosopher Edmund Husserl, scientists Gerty Cori, Carl Cori and Peter Grünberg ( all Nobel Prize winners ) and Ernst Mach, economists Joseph Schumpeter and Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, philosophers Bernard Bolzano, Ernest Gellner, Vilém Flusser and Herbert Feigl, Marxist theoretician Karl Kautsky, astronomer Johann Palisa, legal theorist Hans Kelsen, inventors Alois Senefelder and Viktor Kaplan, automotive designer Ferdinand Porsche, psychologist Max Wertheimer, a geologist Karl von Terzaghi, musicologists Eduard Hanslick and Guido Adler, chemist Johann Josef Loschmidt, biologists Heinrich Wilhelm Schott and Georg Joseph Kamel, the founder of the dermatology Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, peace activist Bertha von Suttner ( Nobel Peace Prize ), the composers Gustav Mahler, Heinrich Biber, Viktor Ullmann, Ervin Schulhoff, Pavel Haas, Erich Wolfgang Korngold and Ralph Benatzky, writers Franz Kafka, Reiner Maria Rilke, Max Brod, Karl Kraus, Franz Werfel, Marie von Ebner - Eschenbach, Leo Perutz, Tom Stoppard and Egon Erwin Kisch, painters Anton Raphael Mengs and Emil Orlik, architects Adolf Loos, Peter Parler, Josef Hoffmann, Jan Santini Aichel and Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, cellist David Popper, violist Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst, pianists Alice Herz - Sommer and Rudolf Serkin, president of Austria Karl Renner, Prime Minister of Poland Jerzy Buzek, industrialist Oskar Schindler, or chess player Wilhelm Steinitz. Czech ancestry People with Czech ancestry include the astronauts Eugene Cernan and Jim Lovell, film directors Chris Columbus and Jim Jarmusch, swimmer Katie Ledecky, politicians John Forbes Kerry and Caspar Weinberger, chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Thomas Cech, physicist Karl Guthe Jansky, economist Friedrich Hayek, painters Jan Matejko, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka, actors Ashton Kutcher, Sissy Spacek and Kim Novak, tennis players Richard Krajicek, Jakob Hlasek and Stan Wawrinka, singer Jason Mraz, Brazil president Juscelino Kubitschek, founder of McDonald 's company Ray Kroc, writers Georg Trakl and Robert Musil, mayor of Chicago Anton Cermak and Ivanka Trump and her brother Donald Trump Jr. Geography Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic shows symbols of historical lands Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia The Czechs live in three historical lands : Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia ; these regions make up the modern Czech Republic. However, the country is now divided into 14 administrative regions. The local culture varies somewhat in each of the historical regions. Moravians are usually more nationalistic regional patriots of Moravia, but they also speak Czech. Local dialects ( such as Central Bohemian, the Chod dialect, Moravian, Cieszyn Silesian, etc. ) are found in various parts of the country. Czech language Main article : Czech Language See also : History of the Czech language The Czech language is spoken by approximately 12 million people around the world, but the vast majority are in the Czech Republic. It developed from the Proto - Slavic language in the 10th century and is mutually intelligible with the Slovak language. Religion Predecessor to Protestantism, Jan Hus See also : Religion in the Czech Republic Richard Felix Staar described Czechs as `` tolerant and even indifferent towards religion as a rule ''. After the Bohemian Reformation, most Czechs ( about 85 % ) became followers of Jan Hus, Petr Chelcicky and other regional Protestant Reformers. Bohemian Estates ' defeat in the Battle of White Mountain brought radical religious changes and started a series of intense actions taken by the Habsburgs in order to bring the Czech population back to the Roman Catholic Church. After the Habsburgs regained control of Bohemia, Czech people were forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism. All kinds of Protestant communities including the various branches of Hussites, Lutherans and Reformed were either expelled, killed, or converted to Catholicism. The Catholic Church lost the bulk of its adherents during the Communist era and continues to lose in the modern, ongoing secularization. As of 2015, Pew Research Center found in that 72 % of the population of Czech Republic declared to be irreligious, a category which includes atheists, agnostics and those who describe their religion as `` nothing in particular '', 26 % were Christians, while 2 % belonged to other faiths. Demographics See also : Demographics of the Czech Republic and Czech diaspora In the Czech Republic, the nation state of the Czech people, 6,732,104 ( 63.7 % ) declared as ethnic Czech according to the 2011 census. Notably, another 2,742,669 ( 26 % ) were undeclared, and 522,474 ( 4.9 % ) declared as Moravians. There is a large Czech diaspora, which includes 1,703,930 Americans of Czech / Czechoslovak ancestry, 94,805 Canadians of Czech ancestry, an estimated 45,000 Czech - born residents in the United Kingdom, and ca. 31,000 in Australia. There are smaller communities throughout Europe. See also List of Czechs The Greatest Czech List of Bohemian monarchs List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia List of Presidents of the Czech Republic References Notes Jump up ^ This number is a lower estimate, as 2,742,669 people opted out declaring ethnicity in 2011. Citations ^ Jump up to : `` Tab. 6.2 Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti podle krajů : výsledky podle trvalého bydliště '' ( Tab. 6.2 Population by nationality by regions : results for permanent residence ) ( PDF ). Czech Statistical Office ( CZSO ) ( in Czech ). 2011. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 16 January 2013. Jump up ^ `` Czech Republic ''. CIA - The World Factbook. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` 2004 survey ''. United States Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` Ethnic Origin ( 264 ), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses ( 3 ), Generation Status ( 4 ), Age Groups ( 10 ) and Sex ( 3 ) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey ''. 12stat.can.gc.ca. Retrieved 20 December 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Table 1.3 : Overseas - born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2013 to December 2013 ''. Office for National Statistics. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals. Jump up ^ `` Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland ''. Statistik.at. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Error page ''. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Data & analysis ''. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` CSO Emigration '' ( PDF ). Census Office Ireland. Retrieved January 29, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији : Становништво према националној припадности - `` Остали '' етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени '' ( PDF ). Webrzs.stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ Joshua Project. `` People Groups ''. Joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` Bosna - Hercegovina - Bosna - Česko ''. 14 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Náboženská víra obyvatel podle výsledků sčítání lidu - 2011 ''. Czso.cz ( in Czech ). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 30 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Luca F, Di Giacomo F, Benincasa T, Popa LO, Banyko J, Kracmarova A, Malaspina P, Novelletto A, Brdicka R ( 2007 ). `` Y - chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic ''. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 132 ( 1 ) : 132 -- 9. doi : 10.1002 / ajpa. 20500. PMID 17078035. Jump up ^ Kobyliński, Zbigniew ( 1995 ). `` The Slavs ''. In McKitterick, Rosamond. The New Cambridge Medieval History : Volume 1, C. 500 - c. 700. The New Cambridge Medieval History. 1, C. 500 - c. 700. Cambridge University Press. p. 531. ISBN 9780521362917. ^ Jump up to : Rick Fawn, Jiří Hochman. Historical Dictionary of the Czech State. Page xix. Rowman & Littlefield. 2010. ISBN 978 - 0810856486. ISBN 0810856484. Jump up ^ Tomasz Kamusella ; Motoki Nomachi ; Catherine Gibson ( 29 April 2016 ). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 140 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 137 - 34839 - 5. Jump up ^ Berger 2003. Jump up ^ Joshua A. Fishman ( 25 January 2001 ). Handbook of Language & Ethnic Identity. Oxford University Press. pp. 320 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 976139 - 5. Jump up ^ Hans Kohn ( 1953 ). Pan-Slavism : its history and ideology. University of Notre Dame Press. Jump up ^ Spal, Jaromír ( 1953 ). `` Původ jména Čech '' ( Origin of the name Čech ). Naše řeč ( Our Speech ) ( in Czech ). The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. 36 ( 9 -- 10 ) : 263 -- 267. Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 11. Jump up ^ T. Kamusella ( 16 December 2008 ). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 501 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 230 - 58347 - 4. Jump up ^ Luca, F. ; Di Giacomo, F. ; Benincasa, T. ; et al. ( 2007 ). `` Y - Chromosomal Variation in the Czech Republic ''. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 132 : 132 -- 139. doi : 10.1002 / ajpa. 20500. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Semino, O. ; et al. ( 2000 ). `` '', The genetic legacy of paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans `` a Y chromosome perspective ''. Science. 290 : 1155 -- 59. doi : 10.1126 / science. 290.5494. 1155. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Malyarchuk ; et al. ( 2006 ). `` Mitochondrial DNA Variability in the Czech Population, with Application to the Ethnic History of Slavs ''. Human Biology. 78 ( 6 ) : 681 -- 695. doi : 10.1353 / hub. 2007.0014. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Macek ; et al. `` Relativně vysoký výskyt mutací G551D a CFTRdel21kb CFTR genu v České republice u pacientů s cystickou fibrózou objektivně prokazuje, že naše populace je slovanského a keltského původu '' ( PDF ). Centrum pro diagnostiku a léčbu cystické fibrosy. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 29 December 2003. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Horáková, Pavla ( 10 May 2007 ). `` In search of ' Forefather Czech ' - DNA tests disclose remote ancestors ''. Radio Prague. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Jump up ^ Bohemia and Poland. Chapter 20. pp 512 - 513. ( in : ) Timothy Reuter. The New Cambridge Medieval History : c. 900 -- c. 1024. 2000 Jump up ^ The exact dating of Slavic settlement is a matter of dispute amongst scholars. See e.g. Curta ( `` The Slavs in Bohemia : A Response to my critics ; 2009 '' ) who favours a 7th - century settlement versus Nada Profantova, who argues a 6th - century settlement Jump up ^ Jaroslav Jirik `` Bohemian Barbarians. Bohemia in late Antiquity '', in Neglected Barbarians Brepols 2010 Jump up ^ `` Ethnic German Minorities in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia ''. Radio.cz. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` The Habsburg Monarchy and Rudolph II ''. Czech.cz. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ Agnew 2004, p. 72. Jump up ^ Cozine, Alicia ( 2005 ). `` Czechs and Bohemians ''. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Jump up ^ Czech and Slovak roots in Vienna Archived 12 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine., wieninternational.at Jump up ^ Gruner, Wolf. 2015. Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In : Wolf Grüner & Jörg Osterloh ( eds. ), The Greater German Reich and the Jews : Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935 -- 1945, pp. 99 -- 135. Transl. Bernard Heise. New York : Berghahn, p. 103. Jump up ^ Ramsden, John. 2002. The Oxford Companion to Twentieth - Century British Politics. Oxford : Oxford University Press, p. 450. Jump up ^ Rothschild, Joseph. 1974. East Central Europe between the Two World Wars. Seattle : University of Washington Press, p. 366. Jump up ^ `` '' Day when tanks destroyed Czech dreams of Prague Spring '' ( Den, kdy tanky zlikvidovaly české sny Pražského jara ) at Britské Listy ( British Letters ) ``. Britskelisty.cz. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ The Czech ethnic minority in Romania, 29 - 12 - 2004 - Radio Prague Jump up ^ Government completes 13 - year program to integrate Kazakh Czechs, The Prague Post, 31 October 2007 Jump up ^ `` Práce v Evropské unii : jaké máme možnosti ? penize.cz ''. Penize.cz. 23 February 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` Charles IV ( Karel IV. ) - Czech king and Holy Roman Emperor ''. Myczechrepublic.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Travel guide - Luxembourg dynasty ( 1310 -- 1378 ) - accommodation in hotels and apartments - Travel.cz ''. Travel.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Jan Hus ''. 2.kenyon.edu. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ Jan Amos Comenius Archived 15 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Liukkonen, Petri. `` Václav Havel ''. Books and Writers ( kirjasto.sci.fi ). Finland : Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 4 January 2008. Jump up ^ `` VACLAV HAVEL ''. Radio.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rejstřík předsedů vlád ''. Vlada.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Radio Prague - Milos Zeman - outgoing prime minister ''. Radio.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` CzechSite : Famous Czechs ''. Czechsite.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Radio Prague - Antonin Panenka - the footballer Pele described as `` either a genius or a madman '' ``. Radio.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ Josef, Ladislav. `` Masopust 's memory lingers on ''. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` EU2009.cz - History of Czech Music ''. Eu2009.cz. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Jan Václav Stamic ''. Czechmusic.net. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Reicha ''. Classical.net. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Český jezuita na čínském dvoře ''. cinsky.cz. 2009 - 02 - 26. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Karel Gott ''. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 2008 - 01 - 01. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 01. Jump up ^ Partridge, James. `` Book Review : The Grandmother ''. Central Europe Review. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 10. Jump up ^ Tyman, Jaroslav. `` Mikoláš Aleš ''. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 11. Jump up ^ Erickson, Hal. `` Milos Forman, biography ''. Allmovie. Archived from the original on 23 February 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` Vlastimil Brodsky - Czech Film ''. Worldpress.org. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Czech - Slovak film Database, Vladimír Menšík ''. POMO Media Group. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 11. Jump up ^ Maurice, Edmund ( 1908 ). The story of Bohemia from the earliest times to the fall of national independence in 1620 ; : With a short summary of later events. Fisher, Unwin. Jump up ^ Mershman, Francis. `` St. Wenceslaus ''. Kevin Knight. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 10. Jump up ^ Krčmář, Luděk. `` St. John of Nepomuk - life ''. MultiMedia Activity. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2008. Jump up ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York : Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0 - 14 - 051312 - 4. Jump up ^ `` Order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star ''. Blessed-gerard.org. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rabbi Loew, the Jewish hero of the Czechs - Radio Prague ''. Radio.cz. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Jump up ^ `` Hard Times Give New Life to Prague 's Golem ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Jump up ^ `` Co je češství ''. blisty.cz. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` CS Magazin ''. Cs-magazin.com. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Political subdivision of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia ''. Members.tripod.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Area of the Czech Republic ''. Czech.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ Czech regions - Czech republic Archived 4 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` National Virtual Translation Center ''. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 20 December 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Czech Language ''. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 2008 - 01 - 18. Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 01. Jump up ^ Frederik Kortlandt. `` FROM PROTO - INDO - EUROPEAN TO SLAVIC '' ( PDF ). Kortlandt.nl. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Czech Language on WWW ''. Czech-language.cz. Retrieved 18 March 2015. Jump up ^ Richard Felix Staar, Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, Issue 269, p. 90 Jump up ^ `` US Census Bureau, American FactFinder, Decennial Programs, Census 2000, Data Set Census 2000 Summary File 3 ( SF 3 ) -- Sample Data, Table : PCT18 ANCESTRY ( TOTAL CATEGORIES TALLIED ) FOR PEOPLE WITH ONE OR MORE ANCESTRY CATEGORIES REPORTED ( 109 ) Universe ''. Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Jump up ^ Statistics Canada. `` 2011 National Household Survey : Data tables ''. 12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 February 2014. Jump up ^ `` The People of Australia -- Statistics from the 2011 Census '' ( PDF ). Australian Government. Retrieved 20 December 2017. Sources Agnew, Hugh ( 2004 ). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Hoover Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8179 - 4492 - 6. Berger, Tilman ( July 2003 ). `` Slovaks in Czechia -- Czechs in Slovakia ''. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2003 ( 162 ). doi : 10.1515 / ijsl. 2003.035. Pánek, Jaroslav ( 2009 ). A History of the Czech Lands. Charles University. ISBN 978 - 80 - 246 - 1645 - 2. King, Jeremy ( 2005 ). Budweisers Into Czechs and Germans : A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848 - 1948. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0 - 691 - 12234 - 2. Wiskemann, Elizabeth ( 1967 ). Czechs & Germans : a study of the struggle in the historic provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. Royal Institute of International Affairs ; Macmillan. Mastny, Vojtech ( 1971 ). The Czechs under Nazi Rule. Columbia University Press. Hermann, Adolf Hanus ( 1975 ). A History of the Czechs. Lane, Allen. Vyšný, Paul ( 1977 ). Neo-Slavism and the Czechs 1898 - 1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 21230 - 4. Further reading Hroch, Miroslav ( 2004 ). `` From ethnic group toward the modern nation : the Czech case ''. Nations and Nationalism. Wiley - Blackwell. 10 ( 1 -- 2 ) : 95 -- 107. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1354 - 5078.2004. 00157. x. Holy, Ladislav ( 1996 ). The Little Czech and the Great Czech Nation : National Identity and the Post-Communist Social Transformation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 55469 - 5. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Czechs. Official Czech website, links to multiple articles regarding the Czech people. Slavic ethnic groups East Slavs Belarusians Litvins Poleshuks Russians Albazinians Don Cossacks Lipovans Pomors Ukrainians Zaporozhians Tavria Zaporozhians Black Sea Zaporozhians Slobozhanians Volynians Podolyans Dniprians Siverians Poleshuks Galicians Boykos Hutsuls Lemkos Rusyns Boykos Hutsuls Lemkos Pannonian Rusyns West Slavs Czechs Moravians Kashubians Poles Masovians Masurians Kociewiacy Krakowiacy Warmiak Silesians Slovaks Sorbs South Slavs Bosniaks Bulgarians Pomaks Macedonians Croats Bunjevci Burgenland Croats Janjevci Krashovani Molise Croats Šokci Macedonians Torbeš Montenegrins Ethnic Muslims Serbs Slovenes Gorani Yugoslavs Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia Czech diaspora Europe Austria ( Vienna ) Bulgaria Croatia France Poland Romania Serbia Ukraine United Kingdom North America Canada United States ( Baltimore, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas ) Mexico South America Argentina Brazil Venezuela Oceania Australia NDL : 00577676 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czechs&oldid=836947090 '' Categories : Czech people Ethnic groups in the Czech Republic Slavic ethnic groups West Slavs Hidden categories : CS1 Czech - language sources ( cs ) CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2017 Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use dmy dates from December 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012 `` Related ethnic groups '' needing confirmation Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters Articles containing Czech - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Afrikaans Aragonés Авар Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Català Чӑвашла Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ирон Italiano עברית ქართული Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Нохчийн Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча پښتو Polski Português Română Русиньскый Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Татарча / tatarça ᏣᎳᎩ Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 粵語 Žemaitėška 中文 58 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 April 2018, at 20 : 14. 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Question: what do you call someone from czech republic
Answer: Czechs