Saint Pierre and Miquelon - wikipedia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon Coat of arms Motto : `` A Mare Labor '' `` From the Sea, Work '' Status Overseas collectivity Capital and largest city Saint - Pierre 46 ° 47 ′ N 56 ° 10 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 46.783 ° N 56.167 ° W ﻿ / 46.783 ; - 56.167 Official languages French Demonym Saint - Pierrais Miquelonnais French Sovereign state France Government Overseas collectivity President of France Emmanuel Macron Prefect Thierry Devimeux President of the Territorial Council Stéphane Lenormand Legislature Territorial Council Overseas collectivity of France Ceded by the UK 30 May 1814 Overseas territory 27 October 1946 Overseas department 17 July 1976 Territorial collectivity 11 June 1985 Overseas collectivity 28 March 2003 Area Total 242 km ( 93 sq mi ) ( unranked ) Water ( % ) negligible Population Jan. 2011 census 6,080 Density 25 / km ( 64.7 / sq mi ) ( 188th ) GDP ( PPP ) 2004 estimate Total € 161.131 million Per capita € 26,073 Currency Euro ( € ) ( EUR ) Time zone ( UTC − 3 ) Summer ( DST ) ( UTC − 2 ) observes North American DST Drives on the right Calling code + 508 ISO 3166 code PM Internet TLD. pm Saint Pierre and Miquelon, officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon ( French : Collectivité d'Outre - mer de Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon, French pronunciation : ​ ( sɛ̃. pjɛʁ. e. mi. klɔ̃ ) ), is a self - governing territorial overseas collectivity of France, situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near the Newfoundland and Labrador province of Canada. It is the only part of New France that remains under French control, with an area of 242 km and a population of 6,080 at the January 2011 census. Saint - Pierre aerial photo, 2013. Saint - Pierre Airport is at the lower right. Wikimedia Commons has extensive annotations. The islands are situated at the entrance of Fortune Bay, which extends into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland, near the Grand Banks. They are 3,819 kilometres ( 2,373 mi ) from Brest, the nearest point in Metropolitan France, and 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) from the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Politics 3.1 Maritime boundary case 4 Geography 4.1 Environment 4.2 Climate 5 Economy 6 Demographics 6.1 Ethnography 6.2 Languages 6.3 Religion 7 Culture 8 Transportation 9 Communications 10 Education and healthcare 11 Fire services 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External links Etymology Saint - Pierre is French for Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen. The present name of Miquelon was first noted in the form of `` Micquelle '' in the Basque sailor Martin de Hoyarçabal 's navigational pilot for Newfoundland. It has been claimed that the name `` Miquelon '' is a Basque form of Michael ; Mikel and Mikels are usually named Mikelon in the Basque Country. Therefore, from Mikelon it may have been written in the French way with a `` q '' instead of a `` k ''. Though the Basque Country is divided between Spain and France, most Basques live on the south side of the border and speak Spanish, and Miquelon may have been influenced by the Spanish name Miguelón, an augmentative form of Miguel meaning `` big Michael ''. The adjoined island 's name of `` Langlade '' is said to be an adaptation of `` l'île à l'Anglais '' ( Englishman 's Island ). History Main article : History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Portuguese João Álvares Fagundes landed on the islands on 21 October 1520. They were made a French possession in 1536 by Jacques Cartier on behalf of the King of France. Though already frequented by Mi'kmaq people and Basque and Breton fishermen, the islands were not permanently settled until the end of the 17th century : four permanent inhabitants were counted in 1670, and 22 in 1691. In 1670, during Jean Talon 's tenure as Intendant of New France, a French officer annexed the islands when he found a dozen French fishermen camped there. The British Royal Navy soon began to harass the French, pillaging their camps and ships. By the early 1700s, the islands were again uninhabited, and were ceded to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht which ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ), which put an end to the Seven Years ' War, France ceded all its North American possessions, but Saint - Pierre and Miquelon were returned to France. France also maintained fishing rights on the coasts of Newfoundland ( French Shore ). St Pierre, Le Quai La Roncière, 1887 With France being allied with the Americans during the American Revolutionary War, Britain invaded and razed the colony in 1778, sending the entire population of 2,000 back to France. In 1793, the British landed in Saint - Pierre and, the following year, expelled the French population, and tried to install British settlers. The British colony was in turn sacked by French troops in 1796. The Treaty of Amiens of 1802 returned the islands to France, but Britain reoccupied them when hostilities recommenced the next year. The Treaty of Paris ( 1814 ) gave them back to France, though Britain occupied them yet again during the Hundred Days War. France then reclaimed the then uninhabited islands in which all structures and buildings had been destroyed or fallen into disrepair. The islands were resettled in 1816. The settlers were mostly Basques, Bretons and Normans, who were joined by various other elements, particularly from the nearby island of Newfoundland. Only around the middle of the century did increased fishing bring a certain prosperity to the little colony. Saint - Pierre in 1921 During the early 1910s, the colony suffered severely as a result of unprofitable fisheries, and large numbers of its people emigrated to Nova Scotia and Quebec. The draft imposed on all male inhabitants of conscript age after the beginning of World War I crippled the fisheries, which could not be processed by the older people and the women and children. About 400 men from the colony served in the French military during World War I, 25 % of whom died. The increase in the adoption of steam trawlers in the fisheries also contributed to the reduction in employment opportunities. Smuggling had always been an important economic activity in the islands, but it became especially prominent in the 1920s with the institution of prohibition in the United States. In 1931, the archipelago was reported to have imported 1,815,271 US gallons ( 1,511,529 imperial gallons ; 6,871,550 litres ) of whisky from Canada in 12 months, most of it to be smuggled into the United States. The end of prohibition in 1933 plunged the islands into economic depression. During World War II, despite opposition from Canada, Britain and the United States, Charles de Gaulle seized the archipelago from Vichy France, to which the local government had pledged its allegiance. In a referendum the following day, the population endorsed the takeover by Free France. After the 1958 French constitutional referendum, the islands were given the option of becoming fully integrated with France, becoming a self - governing state within the French Community, or preserving the status of overseas territory ; it decided to remain a territory. Politics Main article : Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Locally used flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, modelled after the coat of arms. Since March 2003, Saint Pierre and Miquelon has been an overseas collectivity with a special status. The archipelago became an overseas territory in 1946, then an overseas department in 1976, before acquiring the status of territorial collectivity in 1985. The archipelago has two communes : Saint - Pierre and Miquelon - Langlade. A third commune, Isle - aux - Marins, existed until 1945, when it was absorbed by the municipality of Saint - Pierre. The inhabitants possess French citizenship and suffrage. Saint Pierre and Miquelon sends a senator and a deputy to the National Assembly of France in Paris, and enjoys a degree of autonomy concerning taxes, customs and excise. France appoints the Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, who represents the national government in the territory. The Prefect is in charge of national interests, law enforcement, public order and, under the conditions set by the statute of 1985, administrative control. The prefect as of December 2016 is Henri Jean, replacing Jean - Christophe Bouvier. The local legislative body, the Territorial Council ( French : Conseil Territorial ), has 19 members : four councillors from Miquelon - Langlade and 15 from Saint - Pierre. The President of the Territorial Council is the head of a delegation of `` France in the name of Saint Pierre and Miquelon '' for international events such as the annual meetings of NAFO and ICCAT. France is responsible for the defence of the islands. The Maritime Gendarmerie has maintained a patrol boat, the Fulmar, on the islands since 1997. Law enforcement in Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the responsibility of a branch of the French Gendarmerie Nationale. There are two police stations in the archipelago. Maritime boundary case Map of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Main article : Canada -- France Maritime Boundary Case France claimed a 200 - mile exclusive economic zone for Saint - Pierre and Miquelon, and in August 1983 the naval ship Le Hénaff and the seismic ship Lucien Beaufort were sent to explore for oil in the disputed zone. In addition to the potential oil reserves, cod fishing rights on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were at stake in the dispute. In the late 1980s, indications of declining fish stocks began to raise serious concern over the depletion of the fishery. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 square kilometres ( 4,768 sq mi ) to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25 % of what France had sought. The 1992 decision fixed the maritime boundaries between Canada and the islands, but did not demarcate the continental shelf. Geography Main article : Geography of Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3D image of the Saint Pierre and Miquelon archipelago Located off the western end of the Newfoundland 's Burin Peninsula, the archipelago of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is composed of eight islands, totalling 242 square kilometres ( 93 sq mi ), and of which only two are inhabited. The islands are bare and rocky, with steep coasts, and only a thin layer of peat to soften the hard landscape. The islands are geologically part of the northeastern end of the Appalachian Mountains along with Newfoundland. Saint Pierre Island, whose area is smaller, 26 square kilometres ( 10 sq mi ), is the most populous and the commercial and administrative center of the archipelago. A new airport, Saint - Pierre Airport, has been in operation since 1999 and is capable of accommodating long - haul flights from France. Miquelon - Langlade, the largest island, is in fact composed of two islands, Miquelon Island ( also called Grande Miquelon ), 110 square kilometres ( 42 sq mi ), connected to Langlade Island ( Petite Miquelon ), 91 square kilometres ( 35 sq mi ), by the Dune de Langlade, a 10 - kilometre ( 6.2 mi ) long sandy tombolo, A storm had severed them in the 18th century, separating the two islands for several decades, before currents reconstructed the isthmus. The waters between Langlade and Saint - Pierre were called `` the Mouth of Hell '' ( French : Gueule d'Enfer ) until about 1900, as more than 600 shipwrecks have been recorded in that point since 1800. In the north of Miquelon Island is the village of Miquelon - Langlade ( 710 inhabitants ), while Langlade Island was almost deserted ( only one inhabitant in the 1999 census ). A third, formerly inhabited island, Isle - aux - Marins, known as Île - aux - Chiens until 1931 and located a short distance from the port of Saint - Pierre, has been uninhabited since 1963. Environment Seabirds are the most common fauna. Seals and other wildlife can be found in the Grand Barachois Lagoon of Miquelon. Every spring, whales migrating to Greenland are visible off the coasts of Saint - Pierre and Miquelon. Trilobite fossils have been found on Langlade. The stone pillars off the island coasts called `` L'anse aux Soldats '' eroded away and disappeared in the 1970s. The rocky islands are barren, except for scrubby yews and junipers and thin volcanic soil. The forest cover of the hills, except in parts of Langlade, had been removed for fuel long ago. Climate Port of Saint - Pierre during the winter The archipelago is characterized by a cold borderline humid continental / subarctic climate, under the influence of polar air masses and the cold Labrador Current. The mild winters for being a subarctic climate also means it has influences of subpolar oceanic climate, thus being at the confluence of three climatic types. The February mean is just below the − 3 ° C ( 27 ° F ) isotherm for that classification. Due to just three months being above 10 ° C ( 50 ° F ) in mean temperatures and winter lows being so mild, climate classification of the islands is difficult and therefore both subarctic and humid continental could be applied in the absence of alternatives. Typical maritime seasonal lag is also strong with September being much milder than June during the summer solstice. The average temperature is 5.3 ° C, with a temperature range of 19 ° C between the warmest ( 15.7 ° C in August ) and coldest months ( − 3.6 ° C in February ). Precipitation is abundant ( 1,312 mm per year ) and regular ( 146 days per year ), falling as snow and rain. Because of its location at the confluence of the cold waters of the Labrador Current and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, the archipelago is also crossed a hundred days a year by fog banks, mainly in June and July. Two other climatic elements are remarkable : the extremely variable winds and haze during the spring to early summer. Climate data for St Pierre and Miquelon Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 9.8 ( 49.6 ) 9.0 ( 48.2 ) 12.2 ( 54 ) 13.8 ( 56.8 ) 22.0 ( 71.6 ) 25.1 ( 77.2 ) 28.3 ( 82.9 ) 25.8 ( 78.4 ) 26.8 ( 80.2 ) 20.0 ( 68 ) 14.4 ( 57.9 ) 12.8 ( 55 ) 28.3 ( 82.9 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) − 0.1 ( 31.8 ) − 0.7 ( 30.7 ) 1.0 ( 33.8 ) 4.3 ( 39.7 ) 8.5 ( 47.3 ) 12.5 ( 54.5 ) 16.7 ( 62.1 ) 18.7 ( 65.7 ) 16.0 ( 60.8 ) 11.2 ( 52.2 ) 6.8 ( 44.2 ) 2.7 ( 36.9 ) 8.2 ( 46.8 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) − 2.6 ( 27.3 ) − 3.2 ( 26.2 ) − 1.4 ( 29.5 ) 2.0 ( 35.6 ) 5.6 ( 42.1 ) 9.6 ( 49.3 ) 14.1 ( 57.4 ) 16.2 ( 61.2 ) 13.5 ( 56.3 ) 8.9 ( 48 ) 4.5 ( 40.1 ) 0.4 ( 32.7 ) 5.7 ( 42.3 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) − 5.2 ( 22.6 ) − 5.7 ( 21.7 ) − 3.7 ( 25.3 ) − 0.4 ( 31.3 ) 2.8 ( 37 ) 6.7 ( 44.1 ) 11.5 ( 52.7 ) 13.8 ( 56.8 ) 11.0 ( 51.8 ) 6.6 ( 43.9 ) 2.3 ( 36.1 ) − 1.9 ( 28.6 ) 3.2 ( 37.8 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) − 17.4 ( 0.7 ) − 18.7 ( − 1.7 ) − 18.1 ( − 0.6 ) − 9.8 ( 14.4 ) − 4.5 ( 23.9 ) 0.8 ( 33.4 ) 4.9 ( 40.8 ) 5.8 ( 42.4 ) 1.7 ( 35.1 ) − 2.6 ( 27.3 ) − 9.2 ( 15.4 ) − 14.6 ( 5.7 ) − 18.7 ( − 1.7 ) Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 102.3 ( 4.028 ) 101.0 ( 3.976 ) 100.8 ( 3.969 ) 97.6 ( 3.843 ) 102.6 ( 4.039 ) 103.7 ( 4.083 ) 99.5 ( 3.917 ) 93.3 ( 3.673 ) 141.4 ( 5.567 ) 135.9 ( 5.35 ) 133.9 ( 5.272 ) 114.7 ( 4.516 ) 1,326.7 ( 52.232 ) Average rainy days 3.03 4.07 5.17 8.83 12.87 14.60 18.50 11.27 6.33 4.13 4.70 3.53 97.03 Average snowy days 22.63 19.00 15.25 7.36 0.89 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 4.40 3.20 73.77 Mean monthly sunshine hours 49.6 70.2 115.5 131.9 165.8 172.6 164.8 173.5 156.1 119.0 63.0 45.4 1,427.3 Source : Météo France ( Averages are for the period 1981 -- 2010. ) Economy Main article : Economy of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Fishing boats in Saint - Pierre harbour The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The climate and the small amount of available land hardly favour activity such as farming and livestock ( weather conditions are severe, confining the growing season to a few weeks, and the soil contains significant peat and clay and is largely infertile ). Since 1992 the economy has been in steep decline, following the depletion of fish stocks due to overfishing, the limitation of fishing areas and the ban imposed on all cod fishing by the Canadian Government. The rise in unemployment has been countered by state financial aid for the retraining of businesses and individuals. The construction of the new airport helped sustain activity in the construction industry and public works. Fish farming, crab fishing and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. The future of Saint Pierre and Miquelon rests on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture. Explorations are under way to exploit deposits of oil and gas. Tourism relies on the proximity to Canada, while commerce and crafts make up the bulk of the business sector. The labour market is characterized by high seasonality, due to climatic hazards. Traditionally, the inhabitants suspended all outdoor activities ( construction, agriculture, etc. ) between December and April. In 1999 the unemployment rate was 12.8 %, and a third of the employed worked in the public sector. The employment situation was worsened by the complete cessation of deep - sea fishing, the traditional occupation of the islanders, as the unemployment rate in 1990 was lower at 9.5 %. The unemployment for 2010 shows a decrease from 2009, from 7.7 % to 7.1 %. Exports are very low ( 5.1 % of GDP ) while imports are significant ( 49.1 % of GDP ). About 70 % of the islands ' supplies are imported from Canada or from other parts of France via Nova Scotia. The euro functions as the official currency of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The Canadian dollar is also widely accepted and used, but change is usually given in euros. The `` Institut d'émission des départements d'outre - mer '' ( IEDOM ), the French public institution responsible for issuing currency in the overseas territories that use the euro on behalf of the Bank of France, has had an agency in Saint Pierre since 1978. The islands have issued their own stamps from 1885 to the present, except for a period between 1 April 1978 and 3 February 1986 when French stamps not specific to Saint Pierre and Miquelon were used. Demographics Main article : Demographics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Historical populations Year Pop. ± % 1847 1,665 -- 1860 2,916 + 75.1 % 1870 4,750 + 62.9 % 1897 6,352 + 33.7 % 1902 6,842 + 7.7 % 1907 4,760 − 30.4 % 1911 4,209 − 11.6 % 1921 3,918 − 6.9 % 1926 4,030 + 2.9 % 1931 4,321 + 7.2 % 1936 4,175 − 3.4 % 1945 4,354 + 4.3 % 1951 4,606 + 5.8 % 1957 4,879 + 5.9 % 1962 5,025 + 3.0 % 1967 5,235 + 4.2 % 5,840 + 11.6 % 1982 6,041 + 3.4 % 6,277 + 3.9 % 1999 6,316 + 0.6 % 2006 6,125 − 3.0 % 2011 6,080 − 0.7 % INSEE ( 1847 -- 1962 ; 1967 -- 2011 ) The total population of the islands at the January 2011 census was 6,080, of which 5,456 lived in Saint - Pierre and 624 in Miquelon - Langlade. At the 1999 census, 76 % of the population was born on the archipelago, while 16.1 % were born in metropolitan France, a sharp increase from the 10.2 % in 1990. In the same census, less than 1 % of the population reported being a foreign national. The archipelago has a high emigration rate, especially among young adults, who often leave for their studies without returning afterwards. Even at the time of the great prosperity of the cod fishery, the population growth had always been constrained by the geographic remoteness, harsh climate and infertile soils. Ethnography While some ruins show a presence of indigenous American people on the archipelago, it is unlikely that there were year - round settlements beyond occasional fishing and hunting expeditions. The current population is the result of inflows of settlers from the French ports, mostly Normans, Basques, Bretons and Saintongeais, and also from the historic area of Acadia in Canada ( Gaspé Peninsula, parts of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton ) as well francphones who settled in Port au Port Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. Languages The inhabitants speak French ; their customs and traditions are similar to the ones found in metropolitan France. The French spoken on the archipelago is closer to Metropolitan French than to Canadian French but maintains a number of unique features. Basque, formerly spoken in private settings by people of Basque ancestry, disappeared from the island by the late 1950s. Religion The population is overwhelmingly Christian, with the majority being Roman Catholic. The Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Iles Saint - Pierre and Miquelon manages the local church. Culture Every summer there is a Basque Festival, which has demonstrations of harrijasotzaile ( stone heaving ), aizkolari ( lumberjack skills ), and Basque pelota. The local cuisine is mostly based on seafood such as lobster, snow crab, mussels and especially cod. Ice hockey is very popular in Saint - Pierre and Miquelon, with local teams often competing in Newfoundland - based leagues. Several players from the islands have played on French and Canadian teams and even participated on France men 's national ice hockey team in the Olympics. Street names are not commonly used on the islands. Directions and locations are commonly given using nicknames and the names of nearby residents. The only time the guillotine was used in North America was in Saint - Pierre in the late 19th century. Joseph Néel was convicted of killing Mr Coupard on Île aux Chiens on 30 December 1888, and executed by guillotine on 24 August 1889. The guillotine had to be shipped from Martinique and it did not arrive in working order. It was very difficult to get anyone to perform the execution ; finally a recent immigrant was coaxed into doing the job. This event was the inspiration for the film The Widow of Saint - Pierre ( La Veuve de Saint - Pierre ) released in 2000. The guillotine is now in a museum in Saint - Pierre. Transportation Main article : Transport in Saint Pierre and Miquelon There has never been a direct air link between the islands and mainland France. Although the Saint - Pierre Airport, which opened in 1999, was intended to overcome this problem, the situation remains unchanged. Nevertheless, the new facility has a very modern `` all weather conditions landing system ''. All flights from and to Saint - Pierre pass through Canada. Air Saint - Pierre 's ATR 42 aircraft flies seasonally from the Canadian airports of Sydney and Stephenville, and year - round from Halifax, Montreal and St John 's. With regular service from April to November or December, a passenger - only ferry connects the Newfoundland town of Fortune with Saint - Pierre. The same ferry operates year - round between Saint - Pierre, Langlade and Miquelon. Communications See also : Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon An 1891 postage stamp from Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint - Pierre and Miquelon has four radio stations ; all stations operate on the FM band, with the last stations converted from the AM band in 2004. Three of the stations are on Saint - Pierre, two of which are owned by Outre - Mer 1ère, along with one 1ère station on Miquelon. At night, these stations broadcast France - Inter. The other station ( Radio Atlantique ) is an affiliate of Radio France Internationale. The nation is linked to North America and Europe by satellite communications for telephone and television service. The department of Saint - Pierre and Miquelon is served by three television stations : Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon 1ère ( call letters FQN ) on Channel 8, with a repeater on Channel 31, and France Ô on Channel 6. While Saint - Pierre and Miquelon use the French SECAM - K1 standard for television broadcasts, the local telecommunications provider ( SPM Telecom ) carries many North American television stations and cable channels, converted from North America 's NTSC standard. In addition, Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon 1ère is carried on Shaw Direct satellite and most digital cable services in Canada, converted to NTSC. SPM Telecom is also the department 's main Internet Service Provider, with its internet service being named `` Cheznoo '' ( a play on Chez - Nous, French for `` Our Place '' ). SPM Telecom also offers cellular phone and mobile phone service ( for phones that adhere to the GSM standard ). SPM Telecom uses the GSM 900 MHz band, which is different from the GSM 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands used in the rest of North America. The islands are treated as a separate country - level entity among radio amateurs, identifiable with ITU prefix `` FP ''. Visiting radio amateurs, mainly from the US, activate Saint - Pierre and Miquelon every year on amateur radio frequencies. The islands are well known among radio amateurs, who collect contacts with these stations for Islands on the Air and DX Century Club awards ; the geographic location of Saint Pierre and Miquelon gives a very good takeoff for shortwave communication all over the world. Education and healthcare The archipelago has four primary schools ( Saint Odile, Henriette Bonin, Feu Rouge, les Quatre - Temps ), one middle school ( Collège de Miquelon / College Saint - Christophe ) with an annex in Miquelon, one state ( government ) high school ( Lycée - collège d'Etat Emile Letournel ) and one vocational high school. The students who wish to further their studies after high school are granted access to scholarships to study overseas. Many students go to metropolitan France, although some go to Canada ( mainly in Quebec and New Brunswick ), and the United States. Saint Pierre 's institute for higher learning is the Institut Frecker, which is associated with Memorial University of Newfoundland. Since 2000, Frecker had been operated by the Government of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, with support of the federal government of Canada and the provincial government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Saint - Pierre and Miquelon 's health care system is entirely public and free. In 1994, France and Canada signed an agreement allowing the residents of the archipelago to be treated in St. John 's. In 2015 St - Pierre and Miquelon indicated they would start looking for a new healthcare provider as recent rate increases by Eastern Health in Newfoundland were too expensive ( increasing to $3.3 million in 2014 from $2.5 million in 2010 ). Currently Halifax, Nova Scotia and Moncton, New Brunswick are possible locations. Since 1985 Hôpital François Dunan provides basic care and emergency care for residents of both islands. The island 's first hospital was military in 1904 and became a civilian facility in 1905. L'Hôpital - Hospice - Orphelinat opened in 1937. Fire services There are four fire stations in St Pierre and Miquelon : Both airports, St Pierre and Miquelon, have their own fire services Service incendie Ville de St Pierre -- Casarne Renaissance is located at St Pierre with five apparatuses -- 2 pumpers, aerial and hazmat replace the old station Caserne Daguerre Service incendie Miquelon -- located in Miquelon with four apparatuses -- aerial, hazmat, mini pumper and larger pumper While most apparatus are older second hand units from North America, St Pierre acquired an aerial ladder from France in 2016. See also Outline of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Index of Saint Pierre and Miquelon - related articles North America portal France portal New France portal Islands portal References ^ Jump up to : INSEE, Government of France. `` Populations légales 2011 pour les départements et les collectivités d'outre - mer '' ( in French ). 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Jump up ^ War, cooperation, and conflict : the European possessions in the Caribbean..., p. 179, at Google Books By Fitzroy André Baptiste Jump up ^ `` St Pierre Stays French ''. The Calgary Herald. 18 December 1958. Retrieved 8 February 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Le recensement de la population à Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon en 2006 ''. Insee. Retrieved 8 February 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Saint - Pierre et Miquelon, Statut spécifique ''. Sodepar. Retrieved 8 February 2013. ^ Jump up to : Saint - Pierre and Miquelon at Encyclopædia Britannica Jump up ^ `` La préfecture ''. Portail internet des services de l'Etat. 7 December 2008. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Préfet de Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ''. Portail internet des services de l'Etat. Retrieved 18 December 2016. Jump up ^ Berly, Michel ; Bastien, Jean - Marie. `` Historique : Site non officiel de la gendarmerie nationale '' ( in French ). Retrieved 7 August 2010. 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Jump up ^ `` Saint Pierre Temperature Averages ''. Weatherbase. Retrieved 3 February 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Présentation ''. L'Outre - Mer. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Statistiques : Saint Pierre, Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon '' ( in French ). Météo France. Retrieved 10 October 2016. Jump up ^ `` Records pour la station de Saint Pierre '' ( in French ). Météo France. Retrieved 10 October 2016. ^ Jump up to : Economie -- L'Outre - Mer Archived 22 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Law, Bill ( 8 March 2006 ). `` French islands bid for oil - rich sea ''. BBC News. Retrieved 8 February 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Rapport annuel 2010 IEDOM Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon '' ( PDF ). p. 29. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Evaluation du PIB 2004 de Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon -- janvier 2007 '' ( PDF ). p. 32. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Council decision of 31 December 1998 concerning the monetary arrangements in the French territorial communities of Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon and Mayotte ''. 31 December 1998. Retrieved 30 May 2010. Jump up ^ The rough guide to Canada, p. 493, at Google Books By Tim Jepson, Phil Lee, Tania Smith, Emma Rose Rees, Christian Williams Jump up ^ `` Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ''. IEDOM. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON ''. Online Catalogue. Stanley Gibbons. Retrieved 1 December 2007. Jump up ^ `` Population totale au recensement : Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ( serie historique 1847 -- 1962 ) ''. Bdm.insee.fr. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Population totale au recensement : Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ''. Bdm.insee.fr. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ INSEE, Government of France. `` Populations légales 2011 pour les communes de Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon '' ( in French ). Retrieved 26 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Le français parlé aux îles Saint - Pierre et Miquelon ''. Le GrandColombier.com. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ Marc Cormier. `` The Basque colony of Saint - Pierre et Miquelon ''. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Religions In St. Pierre And Miquelon ''. Religion-facts.com. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 19. Jump up ^ `` ' Zazpiak Bat ' Basque Club '' ( in French ). Retrieved 28 June 2010. Jump up ^ `` Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ''. 2011, Année des Outre - mer. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ Emile SASCO. `` Historique des Rues de Saint - Pierre ''. Encyclopédie des îles Saint - Pierre & Miquelon ( in French ). Miquelon Conseil. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Jump up ^ `` Tourism in Saint - Pierre and Miquelon islands -- How to get here ''. Comité Régional du Tourisme. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Conseil Territorial de Saint - Pierre et Miquelon -- Régie Transports Maritimes -- Rotations du Cabestan '' ( in French ). Retrieved 16 December 2014. Jump up ^ `` GSM Coverage Maps -- Saint - Pierre and Miquelon ''. Retrieved 4 July 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Overview ''. Saint - Pierre and Miquelon Community Profile. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Jump up ^ Walsh, Adam. `` St - Pierre - Miquelon shopping around for a health provider, N.L. prices too steep ''. CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 February 2015. Jump up ^ `` Portail internet des services de l'Etat : Le Centre Hospitalier François Dunan '' ( in French ). Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2010. Jump up ^ `` Centre Hospitalier François Dunan ''. Ch-fdunan.fr. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Accueil ''. sapeurs - pompiers975. 2014 - 06 - 20. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 19. Jump up ^ Par depute975. `` Le Député en visite chez les sapeurs - pompiers de Miquelon '' TOUTE L'ACTU ``. Depute975.net. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Véhicules des pompiers français -- Page 1802 ''. Auto titre. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 19. Further reading Thomas, Martin ( 1997 ). `` Deferring to Vichy in the Western Hemisphere : The St. Pierre and Miquelon Affair of 1941 ''. International History Review. 19 ( 4 ) : 809 -- 835. doi : 10.1080 / 07075332.1997. 9640805. External links Find more aboutSaint Pierre and Miquelonat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Learning resources from Wikiversity Local autonomous government of Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon Government of Saint - Pierre - et - Miquelon ( in French ) History of Saint - Pierre and Miquelon Coordinates : 46 ° 47 ′ N 56 ° 12 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 46.783 ° N 56.200 ° W ﻿ / 46.783 ; - 56.200 Overseas France Inhabited areas Overseas departments French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Overseas collectivities French Polynesia St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Sui generis collectivity New Caledonia Uninhabited areas Pacific Ocean Clipperton Island Overseas territory ( French Southern and Antarctic Lands ) Île Amsterdam Île Saint - Paul Crozet Islands Kerguelen Islands Adélie Land Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean Bassas da India Europa Island Glorioso Islands Juan de Nova Island Tromelin Island Also known as overseas regions Claimed by Comoros Claimed by Madagascar Claimed by Mauritius Countries and dependencies of North America Sovereign states Entire Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama St. Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States In part Colombia San Andrés and Providencia France Guadeloupe Martinique Caribbean Netherlands Bonaire Saba Sint Eustatius Dependencies Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Netherlands Aruba Curaçao Sint Maarten United Kingdom Anguilla Bermuda British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Montserrat Turks and Caicos Islands United States Navassa Island Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands Venezuela Federal Dependencies Nueva Esparta Outlying territories of European countries Territories under European sovereignty but closer to or on continents other than Europe ( see inclusion criteria for further information ). 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Provisionally referred to by the Francophonie as the `` former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia '' ; see Macedonia naming dispute. Organization Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique Agence universitaire de la Francophonie Secretaries - General Boutros Boutros - Ghali Abdou Diouf Michaëlle Jean Culture French language UN French Language Day International Francophonie Day Jeux de la Francophonie Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie Senghor University AFFOI TV5Monde LGBT rights VIAF : 268037594 GND : 4198311 - 7 SUDOC : 030102499 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&oldid=832022328 '' Categories : Saint Pierre and Miquelon Overseas collectivities of France Former departments of France in France French - speaking countries and territories Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Dependent territories in North America Territorial disputes of France Territorial disputes of Canada Islands of the North Atlantic Ocean Appalachian Mountains States and territories established in 1946 Archipelagoes of France Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Articles containing French - language text Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2016 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from October 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Articles with French - language external links Coordinates on Wikidata Use dmy dates from December 2016 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Ænglisc Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Dolnoserbski Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Gagauz Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia Ирон Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Kernowek Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Ligure Limburgs Lingála Lumbaart Magyar Македонски मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Nordfriisk Norsk Norsk nynorsk Novial Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Tiếng Việt Winaray Wolof Yorùbá 粵語 中文 95 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 March 2018, at 10 : 47. 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Question: island east of canada that belongs to france
Answer: Saint Pierre and Miquelon, officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon