NBFC & MFI in India - wikipedia NBFC & MFI in India A Non Banking Financial Company ( NBFC ) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 of India, engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares, stock, bonds hire - purchase insurance business or chit business but does not include any institution whose principal business includes agriculture, industrial activity or the sale, purchase or construction of immovable property. The working and operations of NBFCs are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India ( RBI ) within the framework of the ( ( Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 ) ) ( Chapter III - B ) and the directions issued by it. On November 9, 2017, Reserve Bank of India ( RBI ) issued a notification outlining norms for outsourcing of functions / services by Non-Bank Financial Institution ( NBFCs ) As per the new norms, NBFCs can not outsource core management functions like internal audit, management of investment portfolio, strategic and compliance functions for know your customer ( KYC ) norms and sanction of loans. Staff of service providers should have access to customer information only up to an extent which is required to perform the outsourced function. Boards of NBFCs should approve a code of conduct for direct sales and recovery agents. For debt collection, NBFCs and their outsourced agents should not resort to intimidation or harassment of any kind. All NBFCs ' have been directed to set up a grievance redressal machinery, which will also deal with the issues relating to services provided by the outsourced agency. Contents 1 History of NBFCs in India 1.1 James S. Raj Committee 1.2 Chakravarty Committee 2 Types of NBFCs in India 2.1 Asset Finance Company ( AFC ) 2.2 Investment Company ( IC ) 2.3 Loan Company ( LC ) 2.4 Infrastructure Finance Company ( IFC ) 2.5 Infrastructure Debt Fund : Non - Banking Financial Company ( IDF - NBFC ) 2.6 NBFC - Factors 2.7 Gold Loan NBFCs in India 2.8 Residuary Non-Banking Companies ( RNBCs ) 3 Difference between NBFCs & Banks 4 MFI 5 MFIs go for NBFC licences 6 Exemptions granted to NBFCs engaged in microfinance activities 7 MFIs & SHG - Bank linkage programme 8 MFIs of India 9 Criticisms 10 Important Links 11 References History of NBFCs in India The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 amended on 1 December 1964 by Reserve Bank Amendment Act, 1963. In this new ' Chapter III - B ' introduced to Regulate ' Deposit Accepting ' NBFCs. Different types of Committees to Review existing framework of NBFCs James S. Raj committee In early 1970s Government of India asked Banking Commission to Study the Functioning of Chit Funds and Examining activities of Non-Banking Financial Intermediaries. In 1972, Banking Commission recommended Uniform Chit Fund Legislation to whole country. Reserve Bank of India prepared Model Bill to regulate the conduct of chit funds and referred to study group under the Chairmanship of James S. Raj. In June 1974, study group recommended ban on Prize Chit and other Schemes. Directed the Parliament to enact a bill which ensures uniformity in the provisions applicable to chit funds throughout the country. Parliament enacted two acts. Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes ( Banning ) Act, 1978 and Chit Funds Act, 1982 Chakravarty committee During Planning Era, Reserve Bank of India tried best to ' Manage Money ' and evolve ' Sound Monetary ' system but no much appreciable success in realising social objectives of monetary policy of the country. In December 1982, Dr Manmohan Singh, Governor of RBI appointed committee under the Chairmanship of ' Prof. Sukhamoy Chakravarty ' to review functioning of monetary system in India. Committee recommended assessment of links among the Banking Sector, the Non-Banking Financial Institutions and the Un-organised sector to evaluate various instruments of Monetary and Credit policy in terms of their impact on the Credit System and the Economy. Types of NBFCs in India Different types of NBFCs are as follows : Asset Finance Company ( AFC ) An AFC is a company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the financing of physical assets supporting productive / economic, such as automobiles, tractors, lathe machines, cranes, generator sets, earth moving and material handling equipments, moving on own power and general purpose industrial machines. Principal business for this purpose is defined as aggregate of financing real / physical assets supporting economic activity and income arising therefrom is not less than 60 % of its total assets and total income respectively. Investment Company ( IC ) IC means any company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the acquisition of securities Loan company ( lc ) LC means any company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the providing of finance whether by making loans or advances or otherwise for any activity other than its own but does not include an Asset Finance Company. Infrastructure finance company ( IFC ) Infrastructure finance companies deploys a minimum of three - fourths of their total assets in infrastructure loans. The net owned funds are more than 300 crores and a minimum crediting rating of ' A ' and the Capital to Risk - Weighted Assets Ratio is 15 %. Infrastructure debt Fund : Non - Banking Financial company ( IDF - NBFC ) IDF - NBFC is a company registered as NBFC to facilitate the flow of long term debt into infrastructure projects. IDF - NBFC raise resources through Multiple - Currency bonds of minimum 5 - year maturity. Only Infrastructure Finance Companies ( IFC ) can sponsor IDF - NBFCs. NBFC - Factors NBFC Factors has principle business of factoring. Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance Gold loan NBFCs in India Over the years, gold loan NBFCs witnessed an upsurge in Indian financial market, owing mainly to the recent period of appreciation in gold price and consequent increase in the demand for gold loan by all sections of society, especially the poor and middle class to make ends meet. Though there are many NBFCs offering gold loans in India, about 95 per cent of the gold loan business is handled by three Kerala based companies, viz., Muthoot Finance, Manapuram Finance and Muthoot Fincorp. Growth of gold loan NBFCs eventuating from various factors including Asset Under Management ( AUM ), number of branches, and also the number of customers etc. Growth of gold loan NBFCs occurred both in terms of the size of their balance sheet and their physical presence that compelled to increase their dependence on public funds including bank finance and non-convertible debentures. Aggressive structuring of gold loans resulting from the uncomplicated, undemanding and fast process of documentation along with the higher Loan to Value ( LTV ) ratio include some of the major factors that augment the growth of Gold loan NBFCs. Residuary Non-Banking companies ( rnbcs ) Residuary Non-Banking Company is a class of NBFC which is a company and has as its principal business the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner and not being Investment, Asset Financing, Loan Company. These companies are required to maintain investments as per directions of RBI, in addition to liquid assets. Difference between NBFCs & banks NBFCs perform functions similar to that of banks but there are a few differences - Provides Banking services to People without holding a Bank license, An NBFC can not accept Demand Deposits, An NBFC is not a part of the payment and settlement system and as such, An NBFC can not issue Cheques drawn on itself, and Deposit insurance facility of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available for NBFC depositors, unlike banks, An NBFC is not required to maintain Reserve Ratios ( CRR, SLR etc. ) An NBFC can not indulge Primarily in Agricultural, Industrial Activity, Sale - Purchase, Construction of Immovable Property Foreign Investment allowed up to 100 %. MFI Micro Finance Institutions, also known as MFIs, a microfinance institution is an organization that offers financial services to low income populations. Almost all give loans to their members, and many offer insurance, deposit and other services. A great scale of organizations are regarded as microfinance institutes. They are those that offer credits and other financial services to the representatives of poor strata of population ( except for extremely poor strata ). MFIs go for NBFC licences An Increasing number of microfinance institutions ( MFIs ) are seeking non-banking finance company ( NBFC ) status from RBI to get wide access to funding, including bank finance. Exemptions granted to NBFCs engaged in microfinance activities The Task Force on Supportive Policy and Regulatory Framework for Microfinance set up by NABARD in 1999 provided various recommendations. Accordingly, it was decided to exempt NBFCs which are engaged in micro financing activities, licensed under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013, and which do not accept public deposits, from the purview of Sections 45 - IA ( registration ), 45 - IB ( maintenance of liquid assets ) and 45 - IC ( transfer of profits to the Reserve Fund ) of the RBI Act, 1934. 010 MFIs & SHG - Bank linkage programme In a joint fact - finding study on microfinance conducted by the Reserve Bank of India and a few major banks, the following observations were made : Some of the microfinance institutions ( MFIs ) financed by banks or acting as their intermediaries or partners appear to be focusing on relatively better banked areas, including areas covered by the SHG - Bank linkage programme. Competing MFIs were operating in the same area, and trying to reach out to the same set of poor, resulting in multiple lending and overburdening of rural households. Many MFIs supported by banks were not engaging themselves in capacity building and empowerment of the groups to the desired extent. The MFIs were disbursing loans to the newly formed groups within 10 -- 15 days of their formation, in contrast to the practice obtaining in the SHG -- Bank linkage programme, which takes about six to seven months for group formation and nurturing. As a result, cohesiveness and a sense of purpose were not being built up in the groups formed by these MFIs. Banks, as principal financiers of MFIs, do not appear to be engaging them with regard to their systems, practices and lending policies with a view to ensuring better transparency and adherence to best practices. many cases, no review of MFI operations were undertaken after sanctioning the credit facility. MFIs of India Forbes magazine named seven microfinance institutes in India in the list of the world 's top 50 microfinance institutions. Bandhan, as well as two other Indian MFIs -- Microcredit Foundation of India ( ranked 13th ) and Saadhana Microfin Society ( 15th ) -- have been placed above Bangladesh - based Grameen Bank ( which along with its founder Mohammed Yunus, was awarded the Nobel Prize ). Besides Bandhan, the Microcredit Foundation of India and Saadhana Microfin Society, other Indian entries include Grameen Koota ( 19th ), Sharada 's Women 's Association for Weaker Section ( 23rd ), SKS Microfinance Private Ltd ( 44th ) and Asmitha Microfin Ltd ( 29th ). Criticisms Recently, microfinance has come under fire in the state of Andhra Pradesh due to allegations of MFIs using coercive recollection practices and charging usurious interest rates. These charges resulted in the state government 's passing of the Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Ordinance on October 15, 2010. The Ordinance requires MFIs to register with the state government and gives the state government the power, suo moto, to shut down MFI activity. A number of NBFCs have been affected by the ordinance, including sector heavyweight SKS Microfinance. Important Links Reserve Bank Of India Micro Finance Institutions Network India Infoline Finance Limited ( IIFL ) Electronica Finance Limited ( EFL ) NBFC Registration Top 50 NBFCs in India References Jump up ^ http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/NBFC Jump up ^ http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/jul/20nbfc.htm Jump up ^ `` A Manual of NBFIs '' ( PDF ). Meridian Business Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Jump up ^ `` Financial Services by Pearson Education, India ''. Google Books. Jump up ^ `` Monetary Policy Framework : An Analytical Overview ''. Jump up ^ `` Reserve Bank of India - Frequently Asked Questions ''. www.rbi.org.in. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 29. Jump up ^ https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64250/1/MPRA_paper_64250.pdf Jump up ^ http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/MFI Jump up ^ `` Micro Financial Institutions Microfinance and microcredit ''. Microfinance and microcredit. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 29. Jump up ^ `` Homepage - MFIN ''. MFIN. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 29. Jump up ^ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Finance__Insurance/Finance/MFIs_go_for_NBFC_licences_for_better_access_to_funds/articleshow/988065.cms Jump up ^ http://rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=3651&Mode=0 Jump up ^ http://rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=3175&M Jump up ^ https://www.forbes.com/2007/12/20/microfinance-philanthropy-credit-biz-cz_ms_1220microfinance_table.html Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/india-in-forbes-list-of-leading-microfinance-institutes/articleshow/2653281.cms Jump up ^ http://indiamicrofinance.com/andhra-mfi-suicide-972532.html Jump up ^ http://indiamicrofinance.com/download-andhra-microfinance-ordinance-908172.html Jump up ^ http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-52994520101118 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBFC_%26_MFI_in_India&oldid=825490273 '' Categories : Financial services companies of India Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 13 February 2018, at 18 : 06. 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Question: non banking finance company (nbfc) is controlled by which organization
Answer: Reserve Bank of India (RBI)