Roosevelt Corollary - wikipedia Roosevelt Corollary This article is part of a series about Theodore Roosevelt Political positions Electoral history Early life Family The Naval War of 1812 Rough Riders Battle of San Juan Hill Governor of New York Governorship `` The Strenuous Life '' Vice President of the United States 1900 McKinley - Roosevelt campaign `` Speak softly and carry a big stick '' President of the United States Presidency First term McKinley assassination 1st inauguration Square Deal West Wing Coal strike Booker T. Washington dinner Venezuela crisis Roosevelt Corollary Second term 1904 campaign Election 2nd inauguration Conservation Antiquities Act Forest Service Pure Food and Drug Act FDA Swift & Co. v. United States Meat Inspection Act Treaty of Portsmouth Nobel Prize FBI Panama Canal Great White Fleet 1912 election Republican Convention Progressive Party Convention New Nationalism Assassination attempt Post Presidency African Expedition River of Doubt Expedition `` Citizenship in a Republic '' WWI volunteers Legacy Memorials Political cartoon depicting Theodore Roosevelt using the Monroe Doctrine to keep European powers out of the Dominican Republic. The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902 -- 03. The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between the European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly. Roosevelt tied his policy to the Monroe Doctrine, and it was also consistent with his foreign policy included in his Big Stick Diplomacy. Roosevelt stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine, the United States was justified in exercising `` international police power '' to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western Hemisphere. While the Monroe Doctrine had sought to prevent European intervention, the Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify US intervention throughout the hemisphere. In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt renounced interventionism and established his Good Neighbor policy for the Western Hemisphere. Contents 1 Background 2 Content of Corollary 3 Use 3.1 Shift to the `` Good Neighbor '' policy 4 Criticism 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography Background Main article : Venezuela Crisis of 1902 - 1903 In late 1902, Britain, Germany, and Italy implemented a naval blockade of several months against Venezuela because of President Cipriano Castro 's refusal to pay foreign debts and damages suffered by European people in a recent Venezuelan civil war. The incident was called the Venezuela Crisis of 1902 -- 1903, and led to the development of the Roosevelt Corollary. An international court concluded on 22 February 1904 that the blockading powers involved in the Venezuela Crisis were entitled to preferential treatment in the payment of their claims. The U.S. disagreed with the decision in principle, and feared it would encourage future European intervention to gain such advantage. In order to preclude European intervention, the Roosevelt Corollary asserted a right of the United States to intervene in order to `` stabilize '' the economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean and Central America if they were unable to pay their international debts. Content of Corollary Roosevelt 's December 1904 annual message to Congress declared All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. While the Monroe Doctrine had warned European powers to keep their hands off countries in the Americas, President Roosevelt was now saying that `` since the United States would not permit the European powers to lay their hands on, he had an obligation to do so himself. In short, he would intervene to keep them from intervening. '' Use See also : Overseas interventions of the United States The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine ; however, it could be seen as a departure. While the Monroe Doctrine said European countries should stay out of Latin America, the Roosevelt Corollary took this further to say he had the right to exercise military force in Latin American countries to keep European countries out. Historian Walter LaFeber wrote ( Roosevelt ) essentially turns the Monroe Doctrine on its head and says the Europeans should stay out, but the United States has the right, under the doctrine, to go in to exercise police power to keep the Europeans out of the way. It is a very nice twist on the Monroe Doctrine, and of course, it becomes very, very important because over the next 15 to 20 years, the United States will move into Latin America about a dozen times with military force, to the point where the United States Marines become known in the area as `` State Department Troops '' because they are always moving in to protect State Department interests and State Department policy in the Caribbean. So what Roosevelt does here, by redefining the Monroe Doctrine, turns out to be very historical, and it leads the United States into a period of confrontation with peoples in the Caribbean and Central America, that was an imperative part of American imperialism. Roosevelt first used the Corollary to act in the Dominican Republic in 1904, which at the time was severely indebted and becoming a failed state. The United States dispatched two warships and demanded the customs house be turned over to U.S. negotiators, who then used a percentage of the proceeds to pay foreign creditors. This model -- in which United State advisors worked to stabilize Latin American nations through temporary protectorates, staving off European action -- became known as `` dollar diplomacy ''. The Dominican experiment, like most other `` dollar diplomacy '' arrangements, proved temporary and untenable, and the United States launched a larger military intervention in 1912. U.S. Presidents also cited the Roosevelt Corollary as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba ( 1906 -- 1909 ), Nicaragua ( 1909 -- 1910, 1912 -- 1925 and 1926 -- 1933 ), Haiti ( 1915 -- 1934 ), and the Dominican Republic ( 1916 -- 1924 ). Shift to the `` Good Neighbor '' policy Main article : Good Neighbor policy In 1928, under President Calvin Coolidge, the Clark Memorandum -- often seen as a partial repudiation of the Roosevelt Corollary -- stated that the U.S. did not have the right to intervene when there was a threat by European powers. Herbert Hoover also helped move the U.S. away from the imperialist tendencies of the Roosevelt Corollary by going on good - will tours, withdrawing troops from Nicaragua and Haiti, and abstaining from intervening in the internal affairs of neighboring countries. In 1934, Franklin D. Roosevelt further renounced interventionism and established his `` Good Neighbor policy '' that led to the annulment of the Platt Amendment by the Treaty of Relations with Cuba in 1934, and the negotiation of compensation for Mexico 's nationalization of foreign - owned oil assets in 1938. Indeed, leaving unchallenged the emergence of dictatorships like that of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua, and François Duvalier in Haiti were each considered to be `` Frankenstein dictators '' due to the mishandlings of the American occupations in the countries. The era of the Good Neighbor Policy ended with the ramp - up of the Cold War in 1945, as the United States felt there was a greater need to protect the western hemisphere from Soviet influence. In 1954, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles invoked the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary at the Tenth Pan-American Conference in Caracas, denouncing the intervention of Soviet Communism in Guatemala. This was used to justify Operation PBSUCCESS that deposed the democratically elected President Jacobo Árbenz and installed the military regime of Carlos Castillo Armas, the first in a series of military dictators in the country. Criticism The argument made by Mitchener and Weidenmier in 2006 in support of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine has been criticized on the grounds that it `` represent ( s ) the one - sided approach that some scholars bring to the study of imperialistic and hegemonic interventions and also highlight how arguments for the general utility of imperialism are increasingly made and accepted. '' Christopher Coyne and Stephen Davies argue that a foreign policy modeled on the Roosevelt Corollary leads to negative consequences both in national security terms and in terms of its effect on domestic politics. Critics, such as Noam Chomsky, have argued that the Roosevelt Corollary was merely a more explicit imperialist threat, building on the Monroe Doctrine, indicating that the U.S. would intervene not only in defense of South American states in the face of European imperialism, but would also use its muscle to obtain concessions and privileges for American corporations. Serge Ricard of the University of Paris goes even further, stating that the Roosevelt Corollary was not merely an addendum to the earlier Monroe Doctrine, through which the U.S. pledged to protect the Americas from European imperialist interventions. Rather, the Roosevelt Corollary was `` an entirely new diplomatic tenet that epitomized his ' big stick ' approach to foreign policy. '' In other words, while the Monroe Doctrine sought to bar entry to the European empires, the Roosevelt Corollary announced the United States intention to take their place. See also International relations portal Government of the United States portal United States portal Wikisource has original text related to this article : Roosevelt Corollary History of the United States ( 1865 -- 1918 ) United States territorial acquisitions New Imperialism Dollar Diplomacy Big Stick ideology Drago Doctrine Bush Doctrine References ^ Jump up to : Maass, Matthias ( 2009 ), Catalyst for the Roosevelt Corollary : Arbitrating the 1902 - 1903 Venezuela Crisis and Its Impact on the Development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Volume 20, Issue 3, p383 - 402 Jump up ^ Bailey, Thomas Andrew. `` Roosevelt Launches a Corollary. '' The American Spirit : Since 1865. Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 198. Print. Jump up ^ Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President. Prod. David Grubin. By David Grubin and Geoffrey C. Ward. Perf. Walter LaFeber. David Grubin Productions, Inc., 1996. Transcript Jump up ^ Herring, George C. ( 2008 ). From Colony to Superpower : U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776. New York : Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195078220. Jump up ^ Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation : a Concise History of the American People. Boston : McGraw - Hill, 2008. 596. Print. ^ Jump up to : Bailey, Thomas Andrew. `` A Latin American Protests ( 1943 ). '' The American Spirit : Since 1865. Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 199. Print. Jump up ^ Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation : a Concise History of the American People. Boston : McGraw - Hill, 2008. 706. Print. ^ Jump up to : American foreign relations : a history. Since 1895, Volume 2, 7th Edition, Wadsworth, pg. 162 - 168, 2010 Jump up ^ Kris James Mitchener & Marc D. Weidenmier, 2005. `` Supersanctions and Sovereign Debt Repayment '', NBER Working Papers 11472, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Jump up ^ Coyne, Christopher J ; Davies, Stephen J ( Summer 2007 ). `` Nineteen Public Bads of Empire, Nation Building, and the Like ''. The Independent Review. Retrieved July 2016. Check date values in : access - date = ( help ) Jump up ^ Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival : America 's Quest for Global Dominance. New York : Metropolitan Books, 2004 Jump up ^ Ricard, Serge. `` The Roosevelt Corollary ''. Presidential Studies Quarterly 36 ( 2006 ) 17 - 26 Bibliography Coyne, C.J., Davies, S. ( 2007 ). `` Empire : Public Goods and Bads. '' Econ Journal Watch, 4 ( 1 ), 3 - 45. Glickman, Robert Jay. Norteamérica vis - à - vis Hispanoamérica : ¿ opposición o asociación ? Toronto : Canadian Academy of the Arts, 2005. ISBN 0 - 921907 - 09 - 5. Meiertöns, Heiko ( 2010 ) The Doctrines of US Security Policy - An Evaluation under International Law, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 76648 - 7. Mitchell, Nancy. The Danger of Dreams : German and American Imperialism in Latin America ( 1999 ), Mitchener, Kris James, and Marc Weidenmier. `` Empire, public goods, and the Roosevelt Corollary. '' Journal of Economic History ( 2005 ) 64 # 5 pp 658 + Rabe, Stephen G. `` Theodore Roosevelt, the Panama Canal and the Roosevelt Corollary : Sphere of Influence Diplomacy, '' ch 16 in Serge Ricard, ed., A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt ( 2011 ) Ricard, Serge. `` The Roosevelt Corollary. '' Presidential Studies 2006 36 ( 1 ) : 17 - 26. ISSN 0360 - 4918 Fulltext : in Swetswise and Ingenta Ricard, Serge. `` Theodore Roosevelt : Imperialist or Global Strategist in the New Expansionist Age ? '' Diplomacy & Statecraft ( 2008 ) 19 # 3 pp 639 -- 657. Sexton, Jay. The Monroe Doctrine : Empire and Nation in Nineteenth - Century America ( Macmillan, 2011. ) Theodore Roosevelt 26th President of the United States, 1901 -- 1909 25th Vice President of the United States, 1901 33rd Governor of New York, 1899 -- 1900 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1897 -- 1898 New York City Police Commissioner, 1895 -- 1897 New York State Assemblyman, 1882 1883 1884 Presidency First inauguration historic site Second inauguration `` Square Deal '' Booker T. Washington dinner Conservation Newlands Reclamation Act Transfer Act of 1905 Antiquities Act Pelican Island Devils Tower National Monument Muir Woods National Monument Other National Monuments United States Forest Service, United States Reclamation Service National Wildlife Refuge System Roosevelt Arch Conference of Governors Northern Securities Company breakup court case Coal strike of 1902 Pure Food and Drug Act Food and Drug Administration Meat Inspection Act Expediting Act Elkins Act Hepburn Act Aldrich -- Vreeland Act Federal Employers Liability Act Kinkaid Act Big Stick ideology Hay -- Bunau - Varilla Treaty Panama Canal Zone Panama Canal Venezuelan crisis Roosevelt Corollary Occupation of Cuba Russo - Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth 1906 Nobel Peace Prize Gentlemen 's Agreement of 1907 College football meetings Bureau of Investigation Department of Commerce and Labor Bureau of Corporations Keep Commission Inland Waterways Commission Bureau of the Census Great White Fleet Perdicaris incident Cabinet White House West Wing State of the Union Address, 1901 1906 1908 White House desk Federal judiciary appointments Other events Spanish -- American War Rough Riders Battle of Las Guasimas Battle of San Juan Hill `` Bull Moose '' Progressive Party New Nationalism Assassination attempt Boone and Crockett Club Smithsonian -- Roosevelt African Expedition `` River of Doubt '' Amazonian expedition Life and homes Birthplace, boyhood home replica Sagamore Hill Home and Museum Oyster Bay Elkhorn Ranch Maltese Cross Cabin Pine Knot cabin Gravesite Writings and speeches Theodore Roosevelt bibliography The Naval War of 1812 ( 1882 book ) `` The Strenuous Life '' ( 1899 speech ) `` Citizenship in a Republic '' ( 1910 speech ) `` Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual '' ( 1912 post-assassination - attempt speech ) Theodore Roosevelt : An Autobiography ( 1913 book ) The Forum magazine articles Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia Archival collections Elections New York state election, 1898 Republican National Convention, 1900 1904 1912 1916 United States presidential election, 1900 1904 1912 Legacy Mount Rushmore Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library White House Roosevelt Room Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Island Roosevelt National Forest Roosevelt Study Center Theodore Roosevelt Association Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park Monument Assemblage Roosevelt River Theodore Roosevelt Award Roosevelt Road U.S. Postage stamps Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider sculpture Equestrian statue Popular culture Teddy bear `` Speak softly, and carry a big stick '' Books Films Roosevelt in Africa 1910 documentary The Roosevelts 2014 documentary Related Political positions `` Bully pulpit '' Ananias Club `` Nature fakers '' Progressive Era A Guest of Honor Porcellian Club `` Muckraker '' National Collegiate Athletic Association `` Roosevelt Republican '' Family Alice Hathaway Lee ( first wife ) Edith Kermit Carow ( second wife ) Alice Lee Roosevelt ( daughter ) Theodore Roosevelt III ( son ) Kermit Roosevelt ( son ) Ethel Carow Roosevelt ( daughter ) Archibald Roosevelt ( son ) Quentin Roosevelt ( son ) Theodore Roosevelt Sr. ( father ) Martha Stewart Bulloch ( mother ) Anna Roosevelt ( sister ) Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt ( brother ) Corinne Roosevelt ( sister ) Cornelius Roosevelt ( grandfather ) James Stephens Bulloch ( grandfather ) James A. 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Question: the central tenet of the roosevelt corollary was that the united states would
Answer: intervene in conflicts between the European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly