First Geneva Convention - wikipedia First Geneva Convention The first - ever Geneva Convention governing the sick and wounded members of armed forces was signed in Geneva in 1864. The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, held on 22 August 1864, is the first of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It defines `` the basis on which rest the rules of international law for the protection of the victims of armed conflicts. '' After the first treaty was adopted in 1864, it was significantly revised and replaced in 1906, 1929, and finally 1949. It is inextricably linked to the International Committee of the Red Cross, which is both the instigator for the inception and enforcer of the articles in these conventions. Contents 1 History 2 Summary of provisions 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links History Henry Dunant The 1864 Geneva Convention was instituted at a critical period in European political and military history. Elsewhere, the American Civil War had been raging since 1861 ( starting with the Battle of Fort Sumter ), and would ultimately claim between 750,000 -- 900,000 lives. Between the fall of the first Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the rise of his nephew in the Italian campaign of 1859, the powers had maintained peace in western Europe. Yet, with the 1853 -- 1856 conflict in the Crimea, war had returned to Europe, and while those troubles were `` in a distant and inaccessible region '' northern Italy was `` so accessible from all parts of western Europe that it instantly filled with curious observers ; '' while the bloodshed was not excessive the sight of it was unfamiliar and shocking. Despite its intent of ameliorating the ravages of war, the inception of the 1864 Geneva Convention inaugurated `` a renewal of military activity on a large scale, to which the people of western Europe... had not been accustomed since the first Napoleon had been eliminated. '' The movement for an international set of laws governing the treatment and care for the wounded and prisoners of war began when relief activist Henri Dunant witnessed the Battle of Solferino in 1859, fought between French - Piedmontese and Austrian armies in Northern Italy. The subsequent suffering of 40,000 wounded soldiers left on the field due to lack of facilities, personnel, and truces to give them medical aid moved Dunant into action. Upon return to Geneva, Dunant published his account Un Souvenir de Solferino and, through his membership in the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, he urged the calling together of an international conference and soon helped found the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863. The signing of the first - ever Geneva Convention by some of the major European powers in 1864. The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ), while recognising that it is `` primarily the duty and responsibility of a nation to safeguard the health and physical well - being of its own people '', knew there would always, especially in times of war, be a `` need for voluntary agencies to supplement... the official agencies charged with these responsibilities in every country. '' To ensure that its mission was widely accepted, it required a body of rules to govern its own activities and those of the involved belligerent parties. On 22 August 1864, several European states congregated in Geneva, Switzerland, and signed the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field : Grand Duchy of Baden Kingdom of Belgium Kingdom of Denmark Second French Empire Grand Duchy of Hesse Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves Kingdom of Prussia Switzerland Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of Württemberg United Kingdom of Norway and Sweden signed in December. It `` derived its obligatory force from the implied consent of the states which accepted and applied them in the conduct of their military operations. '' Despite its basic mandates, listed below, it was successful in effecting significant and rapid reforms. This first effort provided only for : the immunity from capture and destruction of all establishments for the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers, the impartial reception and treatment of all combatants, the protection of civilians providing aid to the wounded, and the recognition of the Red Cross symbol as a means of identifying persons and equipment covered by the agreement. Due to significant ambiguities in the articles with certain terms and concepts and even more so to the rapidly developing nature of war and military technology, the original articles had to be revised and expanded, largely at the Second Geneva Conference in 1906 and Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 which extended the articles to maritime warfare. The 1906 version was updated and replaced by the 1929 version when minor modifications were made to it. It was again updated and replaced by the 1949 version, better known as the Final Act of Geneva Conference, 1949. However, as Jean S. Pictet, Director of the International Committee of the Red Cross, noted in 1951, `` the law, however, always lags behind charity ; it is tardy in conforming with life 's realities and the needs of humankind '', as such it is the duty of the Red Cross `` to assist in the widening the scope of law, on the assumption that... law will retain its value '', principally through the revision and expansion of these basic principles of the original Geneva Convention. Summary of provisions Parties to GC I -- IV and PI -- III Parties to GC I -- IV and PI -- II Parties to GC I -- IV and PI and III Parties to GC I -- IV and PI Parties to GC I -- IV and P III Parties to GC I -- IV and no P The original ten articles of the 1864 treaty have been expanded to the current 64 articles. This lengthy treaty protects soldiers that are hors de combat ( out of the battle due to sickness or injury ), as well as medical and religious personnel, and civilians in the zone of battle. Among its principal provisions : Article 12 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers who are out of the battle should be humanely treated, and in particular should not be killed, injured, tortured, or subjected to biological experimentation. This article is the keystone of the treaty, and defines the principles from which most of the treaty is derived, including the obligation to respect medical units and establishments ( Chapter III ), the personnel entrusted with the care of the wounded ( Chapter IV ), buildings and material ( Chapter V ), medical transports ( Chapter VI ), and the protective sign ( Chapter VII ). Article 15 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers should be collected, cared for, and protected, though they may also become prisoners of war. Article 16 mandates that parties to the conflict should record the identity of the dead and wounded, and transmit this information to the opposing party. Article 9 allows the International Red Cross `` or any other impartial humanitarian organization '' to provide protection and relief of wounded and sick soldiers, as well as medical and religious personnel. For a detailed discussion of each article of the treaty, see the original text and the commentary. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this first treaty but also including the other three. See also Geneva Conventions International Committee of the Red Cross International humanitarian law List of parties to the Geneva Conventions Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 References ^ Jump up to : Pictet, Jean S. ( 1951 ), `` The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims '', The American Journal of International Law, 45 ( 3 ) : 462 -- 475, doi : 10.2307 / 2194544 ^ Jump up to : Davis, George B. ( 1907 ), `` The Geneva Convention of 1906 '', The American Journal of International Law, 1 ( 2 ) : 400 + Jump up ^ Baxter, Richard ( 1977 ), `` Human Rights in War '', Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 31 ( 2 ) : 5 Jump up ^ See Dunant, Henri ( 1862 ), Un Souvenir de Solferino ( 1 ed. ), Geneve : Jules Fick Jump up ^ Sperry, C.S. ( 1906 ), `` The Revision of the Geneva Convention, 1906 '', Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, 3 : 33, doi : 10.2307 / 3038537 Jump up ^ Anderson, Chandler P. ( 1920 ), `` The International Red Cross Organization '', The American Journal of International Law, 14 ( 1 ) : 210, doi : 10.2307 / 2187844 ^ Jump up to : `` Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864 ''. Geneva, Switzerland : International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 11. Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. `` Geneva Conventions '', http://search.eb.com/ ( accessed 10 March 2009 ). Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, `` Geneva Conventions ''. Jump up ^ `` Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, 12 August 1949 ''. Geneva, Switzerland : International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 11. ^ Jump up to : Pictet, Jean ( 1958 ). Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 : Commentary. International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 20 November 2009. Jump up ^ `` Convention ( I ) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949 ''. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 11. Jump up ^ `` States party to the main treaties ''. The American National Red Cross. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Further reading Chandler P. Anderson, `` International Red Cross Organization '', The American Journal of International Law, 1920 Richard Baxter, `` Human Rights in War '', Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1977 George B. Davis, `` The Geneva Convention '', The American Journal of International Law, 1907 Jean S. Pictet, `` The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims '', The American Journal of International Law, 1951 Francis Lieber, `` INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD '', Lincoln General Orders, 24 April 1863. External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : First Geneva Convention Facsimile of the original document 150 years of the 1864 Geneva Convention -- 150 years of humanitarian action Geneva Conventions First Geneva Convention Second Geneva Convention Third Geneva Convention Fourth Geneva Convention Protocol I Protocol II Protocol III List of parties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&oldid=841217237 '' Categories : Geneva Conventions Treaties concluded in 1949 Treaties entered into force in 1950 Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan Treaties of the People 's Socialist Republic of Albania Treaties of Algeria Treaties of Andorra Treaties of the People 's Republic of Angola Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda Treaties of Argentina Treaties of Armenia Treaties of Australia Treaties of Austria Treaties of Azerbaijan Treaties of the Bahamas Treaties of Bahrain Treaties of Bangladesh Treaties of Barbados Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Treaties of Belgium Treaties of Belize Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey Treaties of Bhutan Treaties of Bolivia Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina Treaties of Botswana Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic Treaties of Brunei Treaties of the People 's Republic of Bulgaria Treaties of Burkina Faso Treaties of Myanmar Treaties of Burundi Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia ( 1953 -- 70 ) Treaties of Cameroon Treaties of Canada Treaties of Cape Verde Treaties of the Central African Republic Treaties of Chad Treaties of Chile Treaties of the People 's Republic of China Treaties of Colombia Treaties of the Comoros Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( 1964 -- 71 ) Treaties of the Republic of the Congo Treaties of the Cook Islands Treaties of Costa Rica Treaties of Ivory Coast Treaties of Croatia Treaties of Cuba Treaties of Cyprus Treaties of the Czech Republic Treaties of Czechoslovakia Treaties of Denmark Treaties of Djibouti Treaties of Dominica Treaties of the Dominican Republic Treaties of East Timor Treaties of Ecuador Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt Treaties of El Salvador Treaties of Equatorial Guinea Treaties of Eritrea Treaties of Estonia Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire Treaties of Fiji Treaties of Finland Treaties of the French Fourth Republic Treaties of Gabon Treaties of the Gambia Treaties of Georgia ( country ) Treaties of West Germany Treaties of East Germany Treaties of Ghana Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece Treaties of Grenada Treaties of Guatemala Treaties of Guinea Treaties of Guinea - 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Question: what was the purpose of the 1864 geneva convention
Answer: the basis on which rest the rules of international law for the protection of the victims of armed conflicts