Deposition ( phase transition ) - wikipedia Deposition ( phase transition ) This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2011 ) Water vapor from humid winter - air deposits directly into a solid, crystalline frost pattern on a window, without ever being liquid in the process. Deposition is a thermodynamic process, a phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation. One example of deposition is the process by which, in sub-freezing air, water vapor changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid. This is how snow forms in clouds, as well as how frost and hoar frost form on the ground or other surfaces. Another example is when frost forms on a leaf. For deposition to occur, thermal energy must be removed from a gas. When the air becomes cold enough, water vapor in the air surrounding the leaf loses enough thermal energy to change into a solid. Even though the air temperature may be below the dew point, the water vapor may not be able to condense spontaneously if there is no way to remove the latent heat. When the leaf is introduced, the supercooled water vapor immediately begins to condense, but by this point is already past the freezing point. This causes the water vapor to change directly into a solid. Another example is the soot that is deposited on the walls of chimneys. Soot molecules rise from the fire in a hot and gaseous state. When they come into contact with the walls they cool, and change to the solid state, without formation of the liquid state. The process is made use of industrially in combustion chemical vapor deposition. There is an industrial coatings process, known as evaporative deposition, whereby a solid material is heated to the gaseous state in a low - pressure chamber, the gas molecules travel across the chamber space and then condense to the solid state on a target surface, forming a smooth and thin layer on the target surface. Again, the molecules do not go through an intermediate liquid state when going from the gas to the solid. See also physical vapor deposition, which is a class of processes used to deposit thin films of various materials onto various surfaces. Deposition releases energy and is an exothermic phase change. See also Phase transitions of matter To Solid Liquid Gas From Solid -- Melting Sublimation Liquid Freezing -- Evaporation Gas Deposition Condensation --, References Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 2005, p. 525 ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 83970 - 9 Moore, John W., et al., Principles of Chemistry : The Molecular Science, Brooks Cole, 2009, p. 387 ISBN 978 - 0 - 495 - 39079 - 4 Whitten, Kenneth W., et al., Chemistry, Brooks - Cole, 9th ed., 2009, p. 7 ISBN 978 - 0 - 495 - 39163 - 0 Glencoe Science `` Focus on Physical Science '' States of matter ( list ) State Baryonic matter Solid Liquid Gas / Vapor Plasma Low energy Bose -- Einstein condensate Fermionic condensate Degenerate matter Quantum Hall Rydberg matter Rydberg polaron Strange matter Superfluid Supersolid Photonic matter High energy QCD matter Lattice QCD Quark -- gluon plasma Color - glass condensate Supercritical fluid Other states Colloid Glass Crystal Liquid crystal Time crystal Quantum spin liquid Exotic matter Programmable matter Dark matter Antimatter Magnetically ordered Antiferromagnet Ferrimagnet Ferromagnet String - net liquid Superglass Transitions Boiling Boiling point Condensation Critical line Critical point Crystallization Deposition Evaporation Flash evaporation Freezing Chemical ionization Ionization Lambda point Melting Melting point Recombination Regelation Saturated fluid Sublimation Supercooling Triple point Vaporization Vitrification Quantities Enthalpy of fusion Enthalpy of sublimation Enthalpy of vaporization Latent heat Latent internal energy Trouton 's ratio Volatility Concepts Binodal Compressed fluid Cooling curve Equation of state Leidenfrost effect Macroscopic quantum phenomena Mpemba effect Order and disorder ( physics ) Spinodal Superconductivity Superheated vapor Superheating Thermo - dielectric effect Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deposition_(phase_transition)&oldid=832599453 '' Categories : Phase transitions Hidden categories : Articles lacking in - text citations from April 2011 All articles lacking in - text citations Talk About Wikipedia Català Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی हिन्दी Interlingua Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 March 2018, at 23 : 06. 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Question: the process by which a solid changes to a gas
Answer: sublimation