ARINC 429 - wikipedia ARINC 429 ARINC 429, `` Mark33 Digital Information Transfer System ( DITS ), '' also known as Aeronautical Radio INC. ( ARINC ) is the technical standard for the predominant avionics data bus used on most higher - end commercial and transport aircraft. It defines the physical and electrical interfaces of a two - wire data bus and a data protocol to support an aircraft 's avionics local area network. Contents 1 Technical description 1.1 Medium and Signaling 1.2 Bit numbering, Transmission Order, and Bit Significance 1.3 Word format 2 Labels 3 Protection from interference 4 Development tools 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Technical description Medium and signaling ARINC 429 is a data transfer standard for aircraft avionics. It uses a self - clocking, self - synchronizing data bus protocol ( Tx and Rx are on separate ports ). The physical connection wires are twisted pairs carrying balanced differential signaling. Data words are 32 bits in length and most messages consist of a single data word. Messages are transmitted at either 12.5 or 100 kbit / s to other system elements that are monitoring the bus messages. The transmitter constantly transmits either 32 - bit data words or the NULL state. A single wire pair is limited to one transmitter and no more than 20 receivers. The protocol allows for self - clocking at the receiver end, thus eliminating the need to transmit clocking data. ARINC 429 is an alternative to MIL - STD - 1553. Bit numbering, transmission order, and bit significance The ARINC 429 unit of transmission is a fixed - length 32 - bit frame, which the standard refers to as a ' word '. The bits within an ARINC 429 word are serially identified from Bit Number 1 to Bit Number 32 or simply Bit 1 to Bit 32. The fields and data structures of the ARINC 429 word are defined in terms of this numbering. While it is common to illustrate serial protocol frames progressing in time from right to left, a reversed ordering is commonly practiced within the ARINC standard. Even though ARINC 429 word transmission begins with Bit 1 and ends with Bit 32, it is common to diagram and describe ARINC 429 words in the order from Bit 32 to Bit 1. In simplest terms, while the transmission order of bits ( from the first transmitted bit to the last transmitted bit ) for a 32 - bit frame is conventionally diagrammed as First bit > 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,... 29, 30, 31, 32 < Last bit, this sequence is often diagrammed in ARINC 429 publications in the opposite direction as Last bit > 32, 31, 30, 29,... 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 < First bit. When the ARINC 429 word format is illustrated with Bit 32 to the left, the numeric representations in the data field generally read with the Most significant bit on the left. However, in this particular bit order presentation, the Label field reads with its most significant bit on the right. Like CAN Protocol Identifier Fields, ARINC 429 label fields are transmitted most significant bit first. However, like UART Protocol, Binary - coded decimal numbers and binary numbers in the ARINC 429 data fields are generally transmitted least significant bit first. Some equipment suppliers publish the bit transmission order as First bit > 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13... 32 < Last bit. The suppliers that use this representation have in effect renumbered the bits in the Label field, converting the standard 's MSB 1 bit numbering for that field to LSB 1 bit numbering. This renumbering highlights the relative reversal of `` bit endianness '' between the Label representation and numeric data representations as defined within the ARINC 429 standard. Observe how the 87654321 bit numbering is similar to the 76543210 bit numbering common in digital equipment ; but reversed from the 12345678 bit numbering defined for the ARINC 429 Label field. This notional reversal also reflects historical implementation details. ARINC 429 transceivers have been implemented with 32 - bit shift registers. Parallel access to that shift register is often octet - oriented. As such, the bit order of the octet access is the bit order of the accessing device, which is usually LSB 0 ; and serial transmission is arranged such that the least significant bit of each octet is transmitted first. So, in common practice, the accessing device wrote or read a `` reversed label '' ( for example, to transmit a Label 213 ( or 8B ) the bit - reversed value D1 is written to the Label octet ). Newer or `` enhanced '' transceivers may be configured to reverse the Label field bit order `` in hardware. '' Word format ARINC 429 Word Format SSM MSB Data LSB SDI Label 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Each ARINC 429 word is a 32 - bit sequence that contains five fields : Bit 32 is the parity bit, and is used to verify that the word was not damaged or garbled during transmission. Every ARINC 429 channel typically uses `` odd '' parity - there must be an odd number of `` 1 '' bits in the word. This bit is set to 0 or 1 to ensure that the correct number of bits are set to 1 in the word. Bits 30 to 31 are the Sign / Status Matrix ( SSM ) - these bits may have various encodings dependent on the particular data representation applied to a given word : In all cases using the SSM, these bits may be encoded to indicate : Normal Operation ( NO ) - Indicates the data in this word is considered to be correct data. Functional Test ( FT ) - Indicates that the data is being provided by a test source. Failure Warning ( FW ) - Indicates a failure which causes the data to be suspect or missing. No Computed Data ( NCD ) - Indicates that the data is missing or inaccurate for some reason other than a failure. For example, autopilot commands will show as NCD when the autopilot is not turned on. In the case of Binary Coded Decimal ( BCD ) representation, the SSM may also indicate the Sign ( + / - ) of the data or some information analogous to sign, like an orientation ( North / South ; East / West ). When so indicating sign, the SSM is also considered to be indicating Normal Operation. In the case of two 's - complement representation of signed binary numbers ( BNR ), Bit 29 represents the number 's sign ; that is, sign indication is delegated to Bit 29 in this case. In the case of discrete data representation ( e.g., bit - fields ), the SSM has a different, signless encoding. SSM Data Dependent SSM Encodings : Bit 31 Bit 30 Sign / Status Matrix for BCD Data Status Matrix for BNR Data Status Matrix for Discrete Data 0 0 Plus, North, East, Right, To, Above Failure Warning ( FW ) Verified Data, Normal Operation 0 No Computed Data ( NCD ) No Computed Data ( NCD ) No Computed Data ( NCD ) 0 Functional Test ( FT ) Functional Test ( FT ) Functional Test ( FT ) Minus, South, West, Left, From, Below Normal Operation ( NO ) Failure Warning ( FW ) Bit 29 Sign Matrix for BNR Data 0 Plus, North, East, Right, To, Above Minus, South, West, Left, From, Below Bits 11 to 29 contain the data. Bit - field, Binary Coded Decimal ( BCD ), and Binary Number Representation ( BNR ) are common ARINC 429 data formats. Data formats may also be mixed. Bits 9 and 10 are Source / Destination Identifiers ( SDI ) and may indicate the intended receiver or, more frequently, indicate the transmitting subsystem. Bits 1 to 8 contain a label ( label words ), expressed in octal ( MSB 1 bit numbering ), identifying the data type. The image below exemplifies many of the concepts explained in the adjacent sections. In this image the Label ( 260 ) appears in red, the Data in blue - green and the Parity bit in navy blue. Labels Illustration of the airspeed indication and detection system on fly - by - wire aircraft Label guidelines are provided as part of the ARINC 429 specification, for various equipment types. Each aircraft will contain a number of different systems, such as flight management computers, inertial reference systems, air data computers, radar altimeters, radios, and GPS sensors. For each type of equipment, a set of standard parameters is defined, which is common across all manufacturers and models. For example, any air data computer will provide the barometric altitude of the aircraft as label 203. This allows some degree of interchangeability of parts, as all air data computers behave, for the most part, in the same way. There are only a limited number of labels, though, and so label 203 may have some completely different meaning if sent by a GPS sensor, for example. Very commonly needed aircraft parameters, however, use the same label regardless of source. Also, as with any specification, each manufacturer has slight differences from the formal specification, such as by providing extra data above and beyond the specification, leaving out some data recommended by the specification, or other various changes. Protection from interference Avionics systems are required to meet environmental requirements, usually stated as RTCA DO - 160 environmental categories. ARINC 429 employs several physical, electrical, and protocol techniques to minimize electromagnetic interference with on - board radios and other equipment, for example via other transmission cables. Its cabling is a shielded 78 Ω twisted - pair. ARINC signalling defines a 20Vp differential between the Data A and Data B levels within the bipolar transmission ( i.e. 10V on Data A and - 10V on Data B would constitute a valid driving signal ), and the specification defines acceptable voltage rise and fall times. ARINC 429 's data encoding uses a complementary differential bipolar return - to - zero ( BPRZ ) transmission waveform, further reducing EMI emissions from the cable itself. Development tools When developing and / or troubleshooting the ARINC 429 bus, examination of hardware signals can be very important to find problems. A logic analyzer with protocol decoding capabilities or protocol analyzers are useful tools which collect, analyze, decode, store signals so people can view the high - speed waveforms at their leisure. See also ARINC 615 defines a high - speed data loader protocol layered upon the ARINC 429 physical layer. ARINC 629 defines a high - speed, multi-transmitter, TDMA extension to ARINC 429, superseded by AFDX. ARINC 664.7 ( See AFDX ) defines the use of a deterministic Ethernet network as an avionic databus in later aircraft like the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787. This standard defines virtual point - to - point connections implementing the same concept as used in ARINC 429. In contrast to 429, these connections do not exist physically, but as TDMA logical links. ARINC 708 defines a protocol for transmission of weather radar data. While the 708 transmission is a simplified version of MIL - STD - 1553, control of ARINC 708 components was standardized through ARINC 429 labels. ARINC 828 defines Electronic Flight Bag ( EFB ) interfaces used in all types of aircraft and includes, among other interfaces, ARINC 429 interfacing. MIL - STD - 1553, Military Bus standard for a `` Shared Serial Bus '', often used in place of ARINC 429. References ^ Jump up to : Steve Woodward ( July 11, 2002 ). Bill Travis, ed. Circuit transmits ARINC 429 data. EDN Magazine. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 10 - 29. Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 07. Jump up ^ `` ARINC 429 Bus Interface '' ( PDF ). Actel. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2009 - 10 - 07. Retrieved 2009 - 06 - 24. Jump up ^ ARINC Specification 429, Part 1 - 17. Annapolis, Maryland : Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2004 - 05 - 17. pp. 2 -- 5. Jump up ^ ARINC Specification 429, Part 1 - 17. Annapolis, Maryland : Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2004 - 05 - 17. pp. 78 -- 116. Jump up ^ ARINC 429 Protocol Tutorial. Avionics Interface Technologies. pp. 13 -- 21. Jump up ^ Novacek, George ( May 2001 ). Communications Protocols in Aeronautics. Circuit Cellar ( Online ). p. 5. Jump up ^ CAN Specification 2.0, Part B. CAN in Automation. p. 9. Jump up ^ ARINC429 Specification Tutorial. Freiburg, Germany : AIM GmbH. p. 15. Jump up ^ ARINC Protocol Tutorial. Santa Barbara, CA : Condor Engineering, Inc. 2000. p. 9. Jump up ^ HI - 8783, HI - 8784, HI - 8785 ARINC 429 & 561 Interface Device. HOLT Integrated Circuits, Inc. 2009. pp. Figure 1 : Block Diagram. Jump up ^ ARINC 429 Programming Manual. Ballard Technology. pp. A -- 2. Jump up ^ HI - 3584 Enhanced ARINC 429 3.3 V Serial Transmitter and Dual Receiver ( Rev G. ). HOLT Integrated Circuits, Inc. 2013. p. 4. Jump up ^ ARINC Specification 429, Part 1 - 17. Annapolis, Maryland : Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2004 - 05 - 17. pp. 3 -- 5. Jump up ^ Fuchs, Christian M. ( August 2012 ). `` The Evolution of Avionics Networks From ARINC 429 to AFDX '' ( PDF ). Avionics News. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jump up ^ ARINC Protocol Tutorial ( PDF ). www.ge-ip.com : GE Intelligent Platforms. 2010. p. 14. Jump up ^ Ingle, Al ( August 2008 ). `` ARINC 708 '' ( PDF ). Avionics News. Tech Time : Helpful Tips for the Avionics Technician : 62 -- 63. Retrieved 10 February 2014. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to ARINC 429. Standards http://www.aviation-ia.com ( free to AEEC Members and Corporate Sponsors ) Tutorials ARINC 429 Tutorial from Avionics Interface Technologies ARINC - 429 Tutorial ( video ) from Excalibur Systems Inc. ARINC Protocol Tutorial by Alta Data Technologies ARINC429 Tutorial by AIM GmbH ARINC429 Tutorial from GE Intelligent Platforms A Guide to the Components of the ARINC 429 Labels List from Excalibur Systems Inc. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARINC_429&oldid=795276481 '' Categories : Standards Aviation standards Serial buses Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Polski Русский Suomi Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2017, at 05 : 06. About Wikipedia

Question: what type of parity is adopted in arinc 429
Answer: odd