Second council of Nicaea - wikipedia Second council of Nicaea This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Hairy Dude ( talk contribs ) at 23 : 19, 27 August 2017 ( → ‎ Translations of the Acts : use proper list markup ). The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this version. Revision as of 23 : 19, 27 August 2017 by Hairy Dude ( talk contribs ) ( → ‎ Translations of the Acts : use proper list markup ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) Second Council of Nicaea Date 787 Accepted by Eastern Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Church Old Catholic Church Some Protestant churches Previous council ( Catholic ) Third Council of Constantinople ( Orthodox ) Quinisext Council Next council ( Catholic ) Fourth Council of Constantinople ( Roman Catholic ) ( Orthodox ) Fourth Council of Constantinople ( Eastern Orthodox ) Convoked by Constantine VI and Empress Irene ( as regent ) President Patriarch Tarasios of Constantinople, legates of Pope Adrian I Attendance 350 bishops ( including two papal legates ) Topics Iconoclasm Documents and statements veneration of icons approved Chronological list of Ecumenical councils Part of a series on the Eastern Orthodox Church Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia Overview Structure Theology ( History of theology ) Liturgy Church history Holy Mysteries View of salvation View of Mary View of icons Background Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension of Jesus Christianity Christian Church Apostolic succession Four Marks of the Church Orthodoxy Organization Autocephaly Patriarchate Ecumenical Patriarch Episcopal polity Clergy Bishops Priests Deacons Monasticism Degrees of monasticism Autocephalous jurisdictions Constantinople Alexandria Antioch Jerusalem Russia Serbia Romania Bulgaria Georgia Cyprus Greece Poland Albania Czech lands and Slovakia North America Ecumenical Councils Seven Ecumenical Councils : First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Other important councils : Quinisext Council Constantinople IV Constantinople V Jassy Jerusalem History Church Fathers Pentarchy Byzantine Empire Christianization of Bulgaria Christianization of Kievan Rus ' Great Schism Russia Ottoman Empire North America Theology History of Orthodox Theology ( 20th century ( Neo-Palamism ) ) Apophaticism Chrismation Contemplative prayer Essence vs. Energies Hesychasm Holy Trinity Hypostatic union Icons Metousiosis Mystical theology Nicene Creed Nepsis Oikonomia Ousia Palamism Philokalia Phronema Sin Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine Services Akathist Apolytikion Artos Ectenia Euchologion Holy Water Iconostasis Jesus Prayer Kontakion Liturgical entrances Liturgical fans Lity Memorial service Memory Eternal Omophorion Orthodox bowing Orthodox marriage Praxis Paraklesis Paschal greeting Paschal Homily Paschal troparion Prayer rope Prosphora Russian bell ringing Semantron Sign of the cross Sticheron Troparion Vestments Use of incense Liturgical calendar Paschal cycle 12 Great Feasts Other feasts : Feast of Orthodoxy Intercession of the Theotokos The four fasting periods : Nativity Fast Great Lent Apostles ' Fast Dormition Fast Major figures Athanasius of Alexandria Ephrem the Syrian Basil of Caesarea Cyril of Jerusalem Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa John Chrysostom Cyril of Alexandria John Climacus Maximus the Confessor John of Damascus Theodore the Studite Kassiani Cyril and Methodius Photios I of Constantinople Gregory Palamas Other topics Architecture Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs Orthodox cross Saint titles Statistics by country Part of a series on Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent. Classical Antiquity ( c. 50 ) Jerusalem Late Antiquity ( 325 -- 451 ) Nicaea I Constantinople I Ephesus Chalcedon Early Middle Ages ( 553 -- 870 ) Constantinople II Constantinople III Nicaea II Constantinople IV High and Late Middle Ages ( 1122 -- 1517 ) Lateran I Lateran II Lateran III Lateran IV Lyon I Lyon II Vienne Constance Florence Lateran V Early Modern and Contemporary ( 1545 -- ) Trent Vatican I Vatican II Catholicism portal The Second Council of Nicaea is recognized as the last of the first seven ecumenical councils by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. In addition, it is also recognized as such by the Old Catholics and others. Protestant opinions on it are varied. It met in AD 787 in Nicaea ( site of the First Council of Nicaea ; present - day İznik in Turkey ) to restore the use and veneration of icons ( or, holy images ), which had been suppressed by imperial edict inside the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Leo III ( 717 -- 741 ). His son, Constantine V ( 741 -- 775 ), had held the Council of Hieria to make the suppression official. Contents 1 Background 2 Proceedings 3 Acceptance of the Council by various Christian bodies 4 Translations of the Acts 5 See also 6 Footnotes 7 Sources 8 Further reading Background Further information : Byzantine Iconoclasm The veneration of icons had been banned by Byzantine Emperor Constantine V and supported by his Council of Hieria ( 754 AD ), which had described itself as the seventh ecumenical council. The Council of Hieria was overturned by the Second Council of Nicaea only 33 years later, and has also been rejected by Catholic and Orthodox churches, since none of the five major patriarchs were represented. The emperor 's vigorous enforcement of the ban included persecution of those who venerated icons and monks in general. There were also political overtones to the persecution -- images of emperors were still allowed by Constantine, which some opponents saw as an attempt to give wider authority to imperial power than to the saints and bishops. Constantine 's iconoclastic tendencies were shared by Constantine 's son, Leo IV. After the latter 's early death, his widow, Irene of Athens, as regent for her son, began its restoration, moved thereto by personal inclination and political considerations. In 784 the imperial secretary Patriarch Tarasius was appointed successor to the Patriarch Paul IV -- he accepted on the condition that intercommunion with the other churches should be reestablished ; that is, that the images should be restored. However, a council, claiming to be ecumenical, had abolished the veneration of icons, so psychologically another ecumenical council was necessary for its restoration. Pope Adrian I was invited to participate, and gladly accepted. However, the invitation intended for the oriental patriarchs could not even be delivered to them. The Roman legates were an archbishop and an abbot, both named Peter. An icon of the Seventh Ecumenical Council ( 17th century, Novodevichy Convent, Moscow ). In 786, the council met in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. However, soldiers in collusion with the opposition entered the church, and broke up the assembly. As a result, the government resorted to a stratagem. Under the pretext of a campaign, the iconoclastic bodyguard was sent away from the capital -- disarmed and disbanded. The council was again summoned to meet, this time in Nicaea, since Constantinople was still distrusted. The council assembled on September 24, 787 at the church of Hagia Sophia. It numbered about 350 members ; 308 bishops or their representatives signed. Tarasius presided, and seven sessions were held in Nicaea. Proceedings First Session ( September 24, 787 ) -- Three bishops, Basilius of Ancyra, Theodore of Myra and Theodosius of Amorium begged for pardon for the heresy of iconoclasm. Second Session ( September 26, 787 ) -- Papal legates read the letters of Pope Hadrian I asking for agreement with veneration of images ; the bishops of the council answered : `` We follow, we receive, we admit ''. Third Session ( September 28, 787 ) -- Other bishops having made their abjuration, were received into the council. Fourth Session ( October 1, 787 ) -- Proof of the lawfulness of the veneration of icons was drawn from Exodus 25 : 19 sqq. ; Numbers 7 : 89 ; Hebrews 9 : 5 sqq. ; Ezekiel 41 : 18, and Genesis 31 : 34, but especially from a series of passages of the Church Fathers ; the authority of the latter was decisive. Fifth Session ( October 4, 787 ) -- It was claimed that the iconoclast heresy came originally from Jews, Saracens, and Manicheans. Sixth Session ( October 6, 787 ) -- The definition of the pseudo-Seventh council ( 754 ) was read and condemned. Seventh Session ( October 13, 787 ) -- The council issued a declaration of faith concerning the veneration of holy images. Hagia Sophia of Nicaea, where the Council took place ; Iznik, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, İznik It was determined that `` As the sacred and life - giving cross is everywhere set up as a symbol, so also should the images of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, the holy angels, as well as those of the saints and other pious and holy men be embodied in the manufacture of sacred vessels, tapestries, vestments, etc., and exhibited on the walls of churches, in the homes, and in all conspicuous places, by the roadside and everywhere, to be revered by all who might see them. For the more they are contemplated, the more they move to fervent memory of their prototypes. Therefore, it is proper to accord to them a fervent and reverent adoration, not, however, the veritable worship which, according to our faith, belongs to the Divine Being alone -- for the honor accorded to the image passes over to its prototype, and whoever venerate the image venerate in it the reality of what is there represented. '' Eighth Session ( October 23, 787 ) -- The last session was held in Constantinople at the Magnaura Palace. The Empress Irene and her son were present and they signed the document. The clear distinction between the adoration offered to God, and that accorded to the images may well be looked upon as a result of the iconoclastic reform. The twenty - two canons drawn up in Constantinople also served ecclesiastical reform. Careful maintenance of the ordinances of the earlier councils, knowledge of the scriptures on the part of the clergy, and care for Christian conduct are required, and the desire for a renewal of ecclesiastical life is awakened. The council also decreed that every altar should contain a relic, which remains the case in modern Catholic and Orthodox regulations ( Canon VII ), and made a number of decrees on clerical discipline, especially for monks when mixing with women. Acceptance of the council by various Christian bodies The papal legates voiced their approval of the restoration of the veneration of icons in no uncertain terms, and the patriarch sent a full account of the proceedings of the council to Pope Hadrian I, who had it translated ( Pope Anastasius III later replaced the translation with a better one ). It is accepted as the Seventh Ecumenical Council by the Catholic Church. This council is celebrated in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and Eastern Catholic Churches of Byzantine Rite as `` The Sunday of the Triumph of Orthodoxy '' each year on the first Sunday of Great Lent -- the fast that leads up to Pascha ( Easter ) -- and again on the Sunday closest to October 11 ( the Sunday on or after October 8 ). The former celebration commemorates the council as the culmination of the Church 's battles against heresy, while the latter commemorates the council itself. Many Protestants follow the reformer John Calvin in rejecting the canons of the council for what they believe was the promotion of idolatry. He rejected the distinction between veneration and adoration as unbiblical `` sophistry ''. Translations of the Acts There are only a few translations of the above Acts in the modern languages : English translation made in 1850 by an Anglican priest, John Mendham ; presented in a wide controversy, which in its turn is probably the most extensive and well commented translation of Libri Carolini. The Canons and excerpts of the Acts in The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, translated by Henry R. Percival and edited by Philip Schaff ( 1901 ). Translation made by Kazan Theological Academy ( published from 1873 to 1909 ) -- a seriously corrupted translation of the Acts of the Councils into Russian. A relatively new Vatican 's translation ( 2004 ) into Italian language. Publishers in Vatican mistakenly thought that they made the first translation of the Acts into European languages. The new ( 2016 ) Russian version of the Acts of the Council is a revised version of the translation made by Kazan Theological Academy, specifying the cases of corruption by the Orthodox translators. There are several dozens of such cases, some of them are critical. See also Plato of Sakkoudion Sabas of Stoudios Footnotes ^ Jump up to : Gibbon, p. 1693 Jump up ^ Council of Hieria, Canon 19, `` If anyone does not accept this our Holy and Ecumenical Seventh Synod, let him be anathema from the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, and from the seven holy Ecumenical Synods ! '' http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/icono-cncl754.asp Jump up ^ Warren T. Treadgold ( 1997 ). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. p. 388. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8047 - 2630 - 6. Retrieved 27 January 2013. Jump up ^ Ostrogorsky, p. 178. Jump up ^ Gibbon, p. 1693. Jump up ^ Ostrogorsky, p. 178 Jump up ^ http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-14/Npnf2-14-167.htm#P10346_1983930 Jump up ^ cf. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion 1.11 Jump up ^ See : http://www.knigafund.ru/books/12281/read Jump up ^ See : N. Tanner, `` Atti del Concilio Niceno Secondo Ecumenico Settimo, Tomi I -- III, introduzione e traduzione di Pier Giorgio Di Domenico, saggio encomiastico di Crispino Valenziano, Citta del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana ( Visibile parlare 7 ), 2004 '' in `` Gregorianum '', N. 86 / 4, Rome, 2005, p. 928. Jump up ^ ISBN 9788820976491 Jump up ^ ISBN 9785446908912 Sources Calvin, John, Institutes of the Christian Religion ( 1559 ), translated by Henry Beveridge ( 1845 ). Peabody : Hendrickson, 2008. Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York : Random House Inc., 1995. ISBN 0 - 679 - 60148 - 1 Ostrogorsky, George. History of the Byzantine State. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, 1969. ISBN 0 - 8135 - 0599 - 2 Raab, Clement. The Twenty Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church, 1937. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. ( 1914 ). `` ``. New Schaff -- Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge ( third ed. ). London and New York : Funk and Wagnalls. Further reading Mendham, John, tr. The seventh general council, the second of Nicaea, held A.D. 787, in which the worship of images was established with copious notes from the `` Caroline books '', compiled by order of Charlemagne for its confutation, London, W.E. Painter, 1850. Concilium Universale Nicaenum Secundum. Concilium actiones I - III, ed. Erich Lambertz ( Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum 2, 3, 1 ), Berlin, New York 2008. ISBN 978 - 3 - 11 - 019002 - 1 Edition with introduction in the sources. Ecumenical councils First seven councils Nicaea I ( 325 ) Constantinople I ( 381 ) Ephesus ( 431 ) Chalcedon ( 451 ) Constantinople II ( 553 ) Constantinople III ( 680 -- 681 ) Nicaea II ( 787 ) Recognized by the Catholic Church Constantinople IV ( 869 -- 870 ) Lateran I ( 1123 ) Lateran II ( 1139 ) Lateran III ( 1179 ) Lateran IV ( 1215 ) Lyon I ( 1245 ) Lyon II ( 1274 ) Vienne ( 1311 -- 1312 ) Constance ( 1414 -- 1418 ) Basel / Florence ( 1431 -- 1445 ) Lateran V ( 1512 / 1517 ) Trent ( 1545 -- 63 ) Vatican I ( 1869 -- 1870 ) Vatican II ( 1962 -- 1965 ) Partly recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church Quinisext Council ( 692 ) Constantinople IV ( 879 -- 880 ) Constantinople V ( 1341 -- 1351 ) Synod of Jassy ( 1642 ) Synod of Jerusalem ( 1672 ) Synod of Constantinople ( 1872 ) Catholicism portal Eastern Christianity portal History of Christianity Centuries : 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st Ministry of Jesus and Apostolic Age Jesus Ministry Crucifixion Resurrection Holy Spirit Leadership Apostles Seventy disciples Paul the Apostle Council of Jerusalem Great Commission New Testament Background Gospels Acts Pauline epistles General epistles Revelation Ante - Nicene Period Judaism split Justin Martyr Ignatius Persecution Fathers Irenaeus Marcionism Canon Tertullian Montanism Origen Late ancient Constantine Monasticism Councils : Nicaea I Creed Athanasius Arianism Jerome Augustine Constantinople I Ephesus I Chalcedon Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy Church of the East Oriental Orthodoxy Chrysostom Nestorianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Fall of Constantinople Armenia Georgia Greece Egypt Syria Ethiopia Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Russia America Middle Ages Pelagianism Gregory I Celtic Germanic Scandinavian Kievan Rus ' Investiture Anselm Abelard Bernard of Clairvaux Bogomils Cathars Crusades Waldensians Inquisition Scholasticism Dominic Francis Bonaventure Aquinas Wycliffe Avignon Papal Schism Bohemian Reformation Hus Conciliarism Catholicism Primacy development Papacy Timeline Lateran IV Trent Counter-Reformation Thomas More Leo X Guadalupe Jesuits Jansenists Xavier Monastery dissolution Wars Teresa Vatican I & II Modernism Reformation Protestantism Erasmus Five solae Eucharist Calvinist v. Arminian Arminianism Dort Wars Lutheranism Martin Luther 95 Theses Diet of Worms Melanchthon Orthodoxy Eucharist Book of Concord Calvinism Zwingli Calvin Presbyterianism Scotland Knox TULIP Dort Three Forms of Unity Westminster Anglicanism Timeline Henry VIII Cranmer Settlement 39 Articles Common Prayer Puritans Civil War Anabaptism Radical Reformation Grebel Swiss Brethren Müntzer Martyrs ' Synod Menno Simons Smyth 1640 -- 1789 Revivalism English denominations Baptists Congregationalism Great Awakening Methodism Millerism Pietism Neo - & Old Lutherans 1789 -- present Camp meeting Holiness movement Independent Catholic denominations Second Great Awakening Restoration Movement Jehovah 's Witnesses Mormonism Seventh - day Adventist Adventism Third Great Awakening Azusa Revival Fundamentalism Ecumenism Evangelicalism Jesus movement Mainline Protestant Pentecostalism Charismatics Liberation theology Christian right Christian left Genocide by ISIL Timeline Missions Timeline Martyrs Theology Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Protestantism Catholicism Authority control GND : 4032380 - 8 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Council_of_Nicaea&oldid=797572320 '' Categories : First seven Ecumenical Councils 8th - century Christian church councils Church councils accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church Church councils accepted by the Roman Catholic Church 787 in Asia Ecumenical councils Byzantine Iconoclasm 780s in the Byzantine Empire İznik 787 in the Byzantine Empire Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Schaff - Herzog with no title parameter Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Schaff - Herzog Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Article Talk More Contents About Wikipedia In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Afrikaans Aragonés Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Latina Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2017, at 23 : 19. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: where was the second council of nicaea held
Answer: Nicaea (site of the First Council of Nicaea; present-day İznik in Turkey)