Kara Sea - wikipedia Kara Sea A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia between Novaya Zemlya and Severnaya Zemlya This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2012 ) Kara Sea Map showing the location of the Kara Sea. Location Arctic Ocean Coordinates 77 ° N 77 ° E ﻿ / ﻿ 77 ° N 77 ° E ﻿ / 77 ; 77 Coordinates : 77 ° N 77 ° E ﻿ / ﻿ 77 ° N 77 ° E ﻿ / 77 ; 77 Type Sea Basin countries Russia Surface area 926,000 km ( 358,000 sq mi ) Average depth 131 m ( 430 ft ) Water volume 121,000 km ( 98 × 10 ^ acre ⋅ ft ) Frozen Practically all year round References The Kara Sea ( Russian : Ка́рское мо́ре, Karskoye more ) is part of the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia. It is separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya, and the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. It is named after the Kara River ( flowing into Baydaratskaya Bay ), which is now relatively insignificant but which played an important role in the Russian conquest of northern Siberia. The Kara River name is derived from Nenets word meaning `` hummocked ice ''. The Kara Sea 's northern limit is marked geographically by a line running from Cape Kohlsaat in Graham Bell Island, Franz Josef Land, to Cape Molotov ( Arctic Cape ), the northernmost point of Komsomolets Island in Severnaya Zemlya. The Kara Sea is roughly 1,450 kilometres long and 970 kilometres wide with an area of around 880,000 km ( 339,770 sq mi ) and a mean depth of 110 metres ( 360 ft ). Compared to the Barents Sea, which receives relatively warm currents from the Atlantic, the Kara Sea is much colder, remaining frozen for over nine months a year. The Kara receives a large amount of fresh water from the Ob, Yenisei, Pyasina, and Taimyra rivers, so its salinity is variable. Its main ports are Novy Port and Dikson and it is important as a fishing ground although the sea is ice - bound for all but two months of the year. Significant discoveries of petroleum and natural gas, the East - Prinovozemelsky field, an extension of the West Siberian Oil Basin, have been made but have not yet been developed. In 2014, US government sanctions resulted in Exxon having until September 26 to discontinue its operations in the Kara Sea. Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Extent 1.2 Islands 2 History 3 Nuclear dumping 4 Nature reserve 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Geography Extent The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Kara Sea as follows : On the West. The Eastern limit of Barentsz Sea ( Cape Kohlsaat to Cape Zhelaniya ( Desire ) ; West and Southwest coast of Novaya Zemlya to Cape Kussov Noss and thence to Western entrance Cape, Dolgaya Bay ( 70 ° 15 ′ N 58 ° 25 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 70.250 ° N 58.417 ° E ﻿ / 70.250 ; 58.417 ) on Vaigach Island. Through Vaigach Island to Cape Greben ; thence to Cape Belyi Noss on the mainland ). On the North. Cape Kohlsaat to Cape Molotov ( 81 ° 16 ′ N 93 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 81.267 ° N 93.717 ° E ﻿ / 81.267 ; 93.717 ) ( Northern extremity of Severnaya Zemlya on Komsomolets Island ). On the East. Komsomolets Island from Cape Molotov to South Eastern Cape ; thence to Cape Vorochilov, Oktiabrskaya Revolutziya Island to Cape Anuchin. Then to Cape Unslicht on Bolshevik Island. Bolshevik Island to Cape Yevgenov. Thence to Cape Pronchisthehev on the main land ( see Russian chart No. 1484 of the year 1935 ). Islands Main islands and island groups in the central and eastern regions of the Kara Sea. There are many islands and island groups in the Kara Sea. Unlike the other marginal seas of the Arctic, where most islands lie along the coasts, in the Kara Sea many islands, like the Arkticheskiy Institut Islands, the Izvesti Tsik Islands, the Kirov Islands, Uedineniya or Lonely Island, Vize Island, and Voronina Island are located in the open sea of its central regions. The largest group in the Kara Sea is by far the Nordenskiöld Archipelago, with five large subgroups and over ninety islands. Other important islands in the Kara Sea are Bely Island, Dikson Island, Taymyr Island, the Kamennyye Islands and Oleni Island. Despite the high latitude all islands are unglaciated except for Ushakov Island at the extreme northern limit of the Kara Sea. History The Kara Sea was formerly known as Oceanus Scythicus or Mare Glaciale and it appears with these names in 16th century maps. Since it is closed by ice most of the year it remained largely unexplored until the late nineteenth century. In 1556 Stephen Borough sailed in the Searchthrift to try to reach the Ob River, but he was stopped by ice and fog at the entrance to the Kara Sea. Not until 1580 did another English expedition, under Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman, attempt its passage. They too failed to penetrate it, and England lost interest in searching for the Northeast Passage. In 1736 -- 1737 Russian Admiral Stepan Malygin undertook a voyage from Dolgy Island in the Barents Sea. The two ships in this early expedition were the Perviy, under Malygin 's command and the Vtoroy under Captain A. Skuratov. After entering the little - explored Kara Sea, they sailed to the mouth of the Ob River. Malygin took careful observations of these hitherto almost unknown areas of the Russian Arctic coastline. With this knowledge he was able to draw the first somewhat accurate map of the Arctic shores between the Pechora River and the Ob River. In 1878, Finnish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld on ship Vega sailed across the Kara Sea from Gothenburg, along the coast of Siberia, and despite the ice packs, got to 180 ° longitude by early September. Frozen in for the winter in the Chukchi Sea, Nordenskiöld waited and bartered with the local Chukchi people. The following July, the Vega was freed from the ice, and continued to Yokohama, Japan. He became the first to force the Northeast Passage. The largest group of islands in the Kara Sea, the Nordenskiöld Archipelago, has been named in his honour. The year 1912 was a tragic one for Russian explorers in the Kara Sea. In that fateful year unbroken consolidated ice blocked the way for the Northern Sea Route and three expeditions that had to cross the Kara Sea became trapped and failed : Sedov 's on vessel St. Foka, Brusilov 's on the St. Anna, and Rusanov 's on the Gercules. Georgy Sedov intended to reach Franz Josef Land on ship, leave a depot over there, and sledge to the pole. Due to the heavy ice the vessel could only reach Novaya Zemlya the first summer and wintered in Franz Josef Land. In February 1914 Sedov headed to the North Pole with two sailors and three sledges, but he fell ill and died on Rudolf Island. Georgy Brusilov attempted to navigate the Northeast Passage, was trapped in the Kara Sea, and drifted northward for more than two years reaching latitude 83 ° 17 ' N. Thirteen men, headed by Valerian Albanov, left the vessel and started across the ice to Franz Josef Land, but only Albanov and one sailor ( Alexander Konrad ) survived after a gruesome three - month ordeal. The survivors brought the ship log of St. Anna, the map of her drift, and daily meteorological records, but the destiny of those who stayed on board remains unknown. In the same year the expedition of Vladimir Rusanov was lost in the Kara Sea. The prolonged absence of those three expeditions stirred public attention, and a few small rescue expeditions were launched, including Jan Nagórski 's five air flights over the sea and ice from the NW coast of Novaya Zemlya. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, the scale and scope of exploration of the Kara Sea increased greatly as part of the work of developing the Northern Sea Route. Polar stations, of which five already existed in 1917, increased in number, providing meteorologic, ice reconnaissance, and radio facilities. By 1932 there were 24 stations, by 1948 about 80, and by the 1970s more than 100. The use of icebreakers and, later, aircraft as platforms for scientific work were developed. In 1929 and 1930 the Icebreaker Sedov carried groups of scientists to Severnaya Zemlya, the last major piece of unsurveyed territory in the Soviet Arctic ; the archipelago was completely mapped under Georgy Ushakov between 1930 and 1932. Particularly worth noting are three cruises of the Icebreaker Sadko, which went farther north than most ; in 1935 and 1936 the last unexplored areas in the northern Kara Sea were examined and small and elusive Ushakov Island was discovered. In the summer of 1942, German Kriegsmarine warships and submarines entered the Kara Sea to destroy as many Russian vessels as possible. This naval campaign was named `` Operation Wunderland ''. Its success was limited by the presence of ice floes, as well as bad weather and fog. These effectively protected the Soviet ships, preventing the damage that could have been inflicted on the Soviet fleet under fair weather conditions. In October 2010, the Russian government awarded a license to Russian oil company Rosneft for developing the East - Prinovozemelsky oil and gas structure in the Kara Sea. Nuclear dumping Main article : Ocean disposal of radioactive waste There is concern about radioactive contamination from nuclear waste the former Soviet Union dumped in the sea and the effect this will have on the marine environment. According to an official `` White Paper '' report compiled and released by the Russian government in March 1993, the Soviet Union dumped six nuclear submarine reactors and ten nuclear reactors into the Kara Sea between 1965 -- 1988. Solid high and low - level wastes unloaded from Northern Fleet nuclear submarines during reactor refuelings, were dumped in the Kara Sea, mainly in the shallow fjords of Novaya Zemlya, where the depths of the dumping sites range from 12 to 135 meters, and in the Novaya Zemlya Trough at depths of up to 380 meters. Liquid low - level wastes were released in the open Barents and Kara Seas. A subsequent appraisal by the International Atomic Energy Agency showed that releases are low and localized from the 16 naval reactors ( reported by the IAEA as having come from seven submarines and the icebreaker Lenin ) which were dumped at five sites in the Kara Sea. Most of the dumped reactors had suffered an accident. The Soviet submarine K - 27 was scuttled in Stepovogo Bay with its two reactors filled with spent nuclear fuel. At a seminar in February 2012 it was revealed that the reactors on board the submarine could re-achieve criticality and explode ( a buildup of heat leading to a steam explosion vs. nuclear ). The catalogue of waste dumped at sea by the Soviets, according to documents seen by Bellona, includes some 17,000 containers of radioactive waste, 19 ships containing radioactive waste, 14 nuclear reactors, including five that still contain spent nuclear fuel ; 735 other pieces of radioactively contaminated heavy machinery, and the K - 27 nuclear submarine with its two reactors loaded with nuclear fuel. Nature Reserve The Great Arctic State Nature Reserve -- the largest nature reserve of Russia -- was founded on May 11, 1993 by Resolution No. 431 of the Government of the Russian Federation ( RF ). The Kara Sea Islands section ( 4,000 km2 ) of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve includes : the Sergei Kirov Archipelago, the Voronina Island, the Izvestiy TSIK Islands, the Arctic Institute Islands, the Svordrup Island, Uedineniya ( Ensomheden ) and a number of smaller islands. This section represents rather fully the natural and biological diversity of Arctic sea islands of the eastern part of the Kara Sea. Nearby, the Franz Josef Land and Severny Island in northern Novaya Zemlya are also registered as a sanctuary, the Russian Arctic National Park. See also Geography portal Russia portal Valerian Albanov List of seas Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld Northern Sea Route Boris Vilkitsky References Jump up ^ Stein, R. ( 2008 ). Arctic Ocean Sediments : Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment. Elsevier. p. 37. ISBN 9780080558851. Jump up ^ E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira ( Moscow, 1998 ), p. 191. Jump up ^ V.Yu. Vize, Karskoye more / / Morya Sovetskoy Arktiki : Ocherki po istorii issledovaniya ( Leningrad, 1939 ) -- pp. 180 -- 217 Jump up ^ Sanksjoner kan avslutte boring i Karahavet Jump up ^ `` Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition '' ( PDF ). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 6 February 2010. Jump up ^ Arctic Glaciers ; Ushakov Island Jump up ^ `` Rosneft and Gazprom clinch Arctic acreage ''. Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 2010 - 10 - 15. Retrieved 2011 - 01 - 30. Jump up ^ `` BP and Rosneft in exploration pact ''. Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 2011 - 01 - 14. Retrieved 2011 - 01 - 30. Jump up ^ `` Radioecological Hazard of Ship Nuclear Reactors Sunken in the Arctic '', Atomic Energy, Vol. 79, No. 3, 1995. Jump up ^ Mount, M.E., Sheaffer, M.K. and Abbott, D.T. ( 1994 ). `` Kara Sea radionuclide inventory from naval reactor disposal ''. J. Environ. Radioactivity, 25, 1 -- 19. Jump up ^ Charles Digges ( 28 August 2012 ). `` Russia announces enormous finds of radioactive waste and nuclear reactors in Arctic seas ''. Bellona. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2012. External links International Atomic Energy Agency : Radiological Conditions of the Western Kara Sea J. Zeeberg. Into the Ice Sea. Sea ice and polynias in the Kara Sea : ( 1 ) & ( 2 ) Marine pollution in the Kara Sea : ( 3 ) Ecological assessment at the Library of Congress Web Archives ( archived 2006 - 09 - 30 ) `` Russians Describe Extensive Dumping of Nuclear Waste '', The New York Times, 27 April 1993 Islands of the Kara Sea ( Russian Arctic ) Arkticheskiy Institut Islands Belukha and Prodolgovaty Bely Island Bera Island Bolshoi Korsakovsky Islands Bonevi Dzhekman Islands Dikson Island Eastern Islands Firnley Islands Gavrilova Graham Bell Island Heiberg Islands Helland - Hansen Island Izvestiy TSIK Islands Kamennye Islands Khalyango Kirov Islands Kolchak Island Kolomeytsev Islands Kolosovykh Komsomolets Krasnoflotskiye Krestovsky Island Krusenstern Islands Labyrintovye Ledyanyye Islands Levdiyev Island Levinson - Lessing Island Lishny Litke Island Litke Islands Markgama Mestny Minina Skerries Mona Islands Moristy Myachina Islands Nablyudeniy Nansen Island Neupokoyeva Nordenskiöld Archipelago Nosok Novaya Zemlya October Revolution Oleniy Pakhtusov Islands Pilota Makhotkina Pioneer Island Plavnikovye Proklyatye Rastorguyev Island Russky Island Schmidt Island Scott Hansen Islands Sedov Archipelago Severnaya Zemlya Severny Island Shokalsky Shren Islands Sibiryakov Island Sorevnovaniya Storozhevye Sverdrup Island Taymyra Tillo Islands Tsivolko Islands Ushakov Island Uyedineniya Vaygach Island Vilkitsky Island Vilkitsky Islands Vize Island Voronina Yarzhinsky Islands Yermolov Island Yuzhny Island Zveroboy Earth 's oceans and seas Arctic Ocean Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Prince Gustav Adolf Sea Pechora Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea Atlantic Ocean Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Lion Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Marmara Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea Indian Ocean Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bali Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Java Sea Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea Pacific Ocean Arafura Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Ceram Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea Yellow Sea Southern Ocean Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser - Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea Landlocked seas Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea Book WorldCat Identities GND : 4419146 - 7 VIAF : 315526915 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kara_Sea&oldid=863705578 '' Categories : Kara Sea Seas of the Arctic Ocean Seas of Russia Bodies of water of Arkhangelsk Oblast Bodies of water of Nenets Autonomous Okrug Bodies of water of Yamalo - Nenets Autonomous Okrug Bodies of water of Krasnoyarsk Krai Hidden categories : Articles with short description Articles needing additional references from January 2012 All articles needing additional references Coordinates on Wikidata Articles using infobox body of water without image Articles containing Russian - language text Webarchive template other archives Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 客家 語 / Hak - 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Question: where is the kara sea located on a map
Answer: 77°N 77°E﻿ / ﻿77°N 77°E