Voiced postalveolar affricate - wikipedia Voiced postalveolar affricate Voiced palato - alveolar affricate dʒ d̠ʒ IPA number 104 135 Encoding Entity ( decimal ) & # 100 ; ​ & # 865 ; ​ & # 658 ; Unicode ( hex ) U + 0064 U + 0361 U + 0292 X-SAMPA dZ or d_rZ Kirshenbaum dZ Image Listen source help The voiced palato - alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨ d͡ʒ ⟩ ( formerly the ligature ⟨ ʤ ⟩ ), or in broad transcription ⟨ ɟ ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ⟨ ǰ ⟩, ⟨ ǧ ⟩, ⟨ ǯ ⟩, and ⟨ dž ⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of ⟨ j ⟩ in jump. Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate 3.1 Features 3.2 Occurrence 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography Features Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate : Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high - frequency turbulence. Its place of articulation is palato - alveolar, that is, domed ( partially palatalized ) postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the front of the tongue bunched up ( `` domed '' ) at the palate. Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides. The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds. Occurrence Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Abkhaz аџыр ( ad͡ʒər ) ' steel ' See Abkhaz phonology Adyghe джанэ ( d͡ʒaːna ) ( help info ) ' dress ' Albanian xham ( d͡ʒam ) ' glass ' Amharic እንጀራ code : amh promoted to code : am ( ɨnd͡ʒəra ) ' injera ' Arabic Standard جَرَس ‎ ( d͡ʒaras ) ' bell ' In other standards and dialects, corresponds to ( ɡ ) or ( ʒ ). See Arabic phonology Armenian Eastern ջուր ( d͡ʒuɾ ) ' water ' Western ճանճ ( d͡ʒɑnd͡ʒ ) ' fly ' Assyrian Neo-Aramaic jura ‎ ( d͡ʒuɾ : a ) ' big ' Used predominantly in Urmia and some Jilu dialects. ( g ) is used in other varieties. Azerbaijani ağac ( ɑɣɑd͡ʒ ) ' tree ' Bengali জল ( d͡ʒɔl ) ' water ' Contrasts with the aspirated form. See Bengali phonology Berber Kabyle lǧiran ( ld͡ʒiræn ) ' the neighbors ' Bulgarian джудже ( ˈd͡ʒud͡ʒɛ ) ' dwarf ' See Bulgarian phonology Chechen джерво / dzhyerwo ( d͡ʒjerwo ) ' previously married woman ' Chinese Quzhou dialect 重 ( d͡ʒõ ) ' heavy ' Coptic ϫⲉ ( d͡ʒe ) ' that ' Czech léčba ( lɛːd͡ʒba ) ' treatment ' See Czech phonology English jump ( ˈd͡ʒʌmp ) ' jump ' See English phonology Esperanto manĝaĵo ( manˈd͡ʒaʒo̞ ) ' food ' See Esperanto phonology Faroese gestir ( ˈd͡ʒɛstɪɹ ) ' guests ' See Faroese phonology French adjonction ( ad͡ʒɔ̃ksjɔ̃ ) ' addition ' Rare. See ( ( French phonology ) ) Georgian ჯიბე ( d͡ʒibɛ ) ' pocket ' German Standard Dschungel ( ˈd͡ʒʊŋəl ) ' jungle ' Laminal or apico - laminal and strongly labialized. Some speakers may merge it with / t͡ʃ /. See Standard German phonology Goemai ( d͡ʒaːn ) ' twins ' Hebrew ג ׳ וק ‎ ( d͡ʒuk ) ' cockroach ' See Modern Hebrew phonology Hindustani जाना code : hin promoted to code : hi / جانا ‎ ( d͡ʒɑːnɑː ) ' to go ' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology Hungarian lándzsa ( laːnd͡ʒɒ ) ' spear ' Rare, mostly in loanwords. See Hungarian phonology Italian gemma ( ˈd͡ʒɛmma ) ' gem ' See Italian phonology Indonesian jarak ( ˈd͡ʒaraʔ ) ' distance ' Kashubian Kurdish Kurmanji cîger ( d͡ʒiːˈɡɛɾ ) ' lung ' Kyrgyz жаман ( d͡ʒaman ) ' bad ' See Kyrgyz phonology Latvian dadži ( dad͡ʒi ) ' thistles ' See Latvian phonology Limburgish Hasselt dialect djèn ( d͡ʒɛːn2 ) ' Eugene ' Lithuanian džiaugsmingas ( d͡ʒɛʊɡjsjˈmjɪnɡɐs ) ' gladsome ' See Lithuanian phonology Macedonian џемпер ( ˈd͡ʒɛmpɛr ) ' sweater ' See Macedonian phonology Malay jahat ( d͡ʒahat ) ' evil ' Manchu ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ( d͡ʒuwe ) ' two ' Marathi जय ( d͡ʒəj ) ' victory ' See Marathi phonology Occitan Languedocien jove ( ˈd͡ʒuβe ) ' young ' See Occitan phonology Provençal ( ˈd͡ʒuve ) Ojibwe ? ( iːd͡ʒikiwẽːʔ ) ' brother ' See Ojibwe phonology Pashto جګ ‎ ( d͡ʒeɡ ) ' high ' Persian کجا ‎ ( kod͡ʒɒ ) ' where ' See Persian phonology Polish Gmina Istebna dziwny ( ˈd͡ʒivn̪ɘ ) ' strange ' / ɖ͡ʐ / and / d͡ʑ / merge into ( d͡ʒ ) in these dialects. In standard Polish, / d͡ʒ / is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiced retroflex affricate. Lubawa dialect Malbork dialect Ostróda dialect Warmia dialect Portuguese Most Brazilian dialects grande code : por promoted to code : pt ( ˈɡɾɐ̃d͡ʒi ) ' big ' Allophone of / d / before / i, ĩ / ( including when the vowel is elided ) and other instances of ( i ) ( e.g. epenthesis ), marginal sound otherwise. Most dialects jambalaya code : por promoted to code : pt ( d͡ʒɐ̃bɐˈlajɐ ) ' jambalaya ' In free variation with / ʒ / in a few recent loanwords. See Portuguese phonology Romanian ger ( d͡ʒer ) ' frost ' See Romanian phonology Sardinian Campidanese géneru ( ˈd͡ʒɛneru ) ' son - in - law ' Scottish Gaelic Dia ( d͡ʒia ) ' God ' See Scottish Gaelic phonology Serbo - Croatian Some speakers џем / džem ( d͡ʒê̞m ) ' jam ' May be laminal retroflex instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo - Croatian phonology Bosnian ђаво / đavo ( d͡ʒâ̠ʋo̞ː ) ' devil ' Most Croatian and some Bosnian speakers merge / d͡ʒ / and / d͡ʑ /, either to ( d͡ʒ ) or laminal ( ɖ͡ʐ ). Croatian Silesian Gmina Istebna These dialects merge / ɖ͡ʐ / and / d͡ʑ / into ( d͡ʒ ). Jablunkov Somali joog ( d͡ʒoːɡ ) ' stop ' See Somali phonology Spanish Many dialects cónyuge ( ˈkõ̞ɲd͡ʒuxe̞ ) ' spouse ' May correspond to ( ɟʝ ) in Castilian Spanish, or be a stigmatized dialectal realization of / ʝ / and / ʎ /. See Spanish phonology Some dialects ayudar ( ad͡ʒuˈð̞ar ) ' to help ' Some Rioplatense dialects diez ( d͡ʒes ) ' ten ' Turkish acı ( äˈd͡ʒɯ ) ' pain ' See Turkish phonology Turkmen jar ( d͡ʒär ) ' ravine ' Ubykh ( amd͡ʒan ) ' ? ' See Ubykh phonology Ukrainian джерело ( d͡ʒɛrɛˈlɔ ) ' source ' See Ukrainian phonology Uyghur جوزا ‎ ( d͡ʒozɑ ) ' desk ' See Uyghur phonology West Frisian siedzje ( ˈʃɪd͡ʒə ) ' to sow ' See West Frisian phonology Yiddish דזשוכע ‎ ( d͡ʒʊxə ) ' insect ' See Yiddish phonology Zapotec Tilquiapan dxan ( d͡ʒaŋ ) ' god ' Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative d̠ɹ̠ ˔ dɹ̝ ˗ Listen source help Features Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge. Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides. The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds. Occurrence Language Word IPA Meaning Notes English Australian dream ( d̠͡ɹ̠ ˔ wɪi̯m ) ' dream ' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable - initial sequence / dr /. In General American and Received Pronunciation, the less common alternative is alveolar ( d͡ɹ̝ ). See Australian English phonology and English phonology General American Received Pronunciation Port Talbot ( d̠͡ɹ̠ ˔ iːm ) See also Index of phonetics articles References Jump up ^ Watson ( 2002 : 16 ) Jump up ^ Dum - Tragut ( 2009 : 13 ) Jump up ^ Shosted & Chikovani ( 2006 : 255 ) ^ Jump up to : Mangold ( 2005 : 51 -- 52 ) Jump up ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli ( 2004 : 117 ) Jump up ^ Jerzy Treder. `` Fonetyka i fonologia ''. Jump up ^ Peters ( 2006 : 119 ) ^ Jump up to : Dubisz, Karaś & Kolis ( 1995 : 62 ) Jump up ^ Barbosa & Albano ( 2004 : 228 ) ^ Jump up to : Dąbrowska ( 2004 : ? ) Jump up ^ Danyenko & Vakulenko ( 1995 ), p. 4. Jump up ^ Merrill ( 2008 : 108 ) ^ Jump up to : Cox & Fletcher ( 2017 ), p. 144. ^ Jump up to : Gimson ( 2014 ), pp. 177, 186 -- 188, 192. ^ Jump up to : Wells ( 2008 ). ^ Jump up to : Connolly ( 1990 ), p. 121. Bibliography Barbosa, Plínio A. ; Albano, Eleonora C. ( 2004 ), `` Brazilian Portuguese '', Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 ( 2 ) : 227 -- 232, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100304001756 Connolly, John H. ( 1990 ), `` Port Talbot English '', in Coupland, Nikolas ; Thomas, Alan Richard, English in Wales : Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 121 -- 129, ISBN 1 - 85359 - 032 - 0 Cox, Felicity ; Fletcher, Janet ( 2017 ) ( First published 2012 ), Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription ( 2nd ed. ), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978 - 1 - 316 - 63926 - 9 Danyenko, Andrii ; Vakulenko, Serhii ( 1995 ), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083 Dąbrowska, Anna ( 2004 ), Język polski, Wrocław : wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, ISBN 83 - 7384 - 063 - X Dubisz, Stanisław ; Karaś, Halina ; Kolis, Nijola ( 1995 ), Dialekty i gwary polskie, Warsaw : Wiedza Powszechna, ISBN 83 - 2140989 - X Dum - Tragut, Jasmine ( 2009 ), Armenian : Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company Gimson, Alfred Charles ( 2014 ), Cruttenden, Alan, ed., Gimson 's Pronunciation of English ( 8th ed. ), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092 Mangold, Max ( 2005 ) ( First published 1962 ), Das Aussprachewörterbuch ( 6th ed. ), Mannheim : Dudenverlag, ISBN 978 - 3 - 411 - 04066 - 7 Merrill, Elizabeth ( 2008 ), `` Tilquiapan Zapotec '' ( PDF ), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 ( 1 ) : 107 -- 114, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100308003344 Peters, Jörg ( 2006 ), `` The dialect of Hasselt '', Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 ( 1 ) : 117 -- 124, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100306002428 Rogers, Derek ; d'Arcangeli, Luciana ( 2004 ), `` Italian '', Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 ( 1 ) : 117 -- 121, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100304001628 Shosted, Ryan K. ; Chikovani, Vakhtang ( 2006 ), `` Standard Georgian '', Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 ( 2 ) : 255 -- 264, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100306002659 Watson, Janet ( 2002 ), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York : Oxford University Press Wells, John C. ( 2008 ), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary ( 3rd ed. ), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180 International Phonetic Alphabet ( chart ) IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association History of the IPA Extensions to the IPA Voice Quality Symbols Kiel convention ( 1989 ) Journal of the IPA ( JIPA ) Naming conventions Phonetics Diacritics Segments Tone letter Place of articulation Manner of articulation Special topics Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols IPA chart for English dialects World Orthography Encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode WorldBet IPA Braille Consonants Pulmonic consonants Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal / Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Stop p p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ d ʈ ɖ ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ ʈʂ ɖʐ t̠ɕ d̠ʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊ ˔ d̠ɹ̠ ˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊ ˔ ɹ̠ ˔ ɻ ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ̥ ʋ ɹ̥ ɹ ɻ̊ ɻ j̊ j ɰ̊ ɰ ʔ̞ Flap / tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ɽ̊ɽ̊ ɽɽ ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ ʈɭ̊ ˔ cʎ̝̊ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ɭ̊ ˔ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ̊ ɭ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral flap / tap ɺ ɭ̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̆ help full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged to be impossible. Non-pulmonic consonants Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Epiglottal Glottal Ejectives Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ cʎ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Fricative fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Clicks Nasal ʘ̃ ǀ̃ ǃ̃ ǃ̃ ˞ ǂ̃ ◌ ̃ˀ Stop ʘ ʘ̬ ǀ ǀ̬ ǃ ǃ̬ ǃ ˞ ǃ̬ ˞ ǂ ǂ̬ ʞ ◌ ˀ Lateral nasal ǁ̃ Lateral fricative ǁ ǁ̬ Implosive ɓ̥ ɓ ɗ̥ ɗ ᶑ̥ ᶑ ʄ̊ ʄ ɠ̊ ɠ ʛ̥ ʛ help full chart template Co-articulated consonants Nasals n͡m Labial -- alveolar ŋ͡m Labial -- velar Stops t͡p Labial -- alveolar ( voiceless ) d͡b Labial -- alveolar ( voiced ) k͡p Labial -- velar ( voiceless ) ɡ͡b Labial -- velar ( voiced ) q͡ʡ Uvular -- epiglottal Fricatives ɧ Sj - sound Approximants ʍ Labialized velar ( voiceless ) w Labialized velar ( voiced ) ɫ Velarized alveolar ( lateral ) ɥ̊ Labialized palatal ( voiceless ) ɥ Labialized palatal ( voiced ) help full chart template Vowels Front Near - front Central Near - back Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ̈ ɯ̽ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o e̞ ø̞ ə ɵ̞ ɤ̞ o̞ ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɞ̞ ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ Near - close Close - mid Mid Open - mid Near - open Open help full chart template Paired vowels are : unrounded rounded Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&oldid=833072787 '' Categories : Affricates Postalveolar consonants Hidden categories : Articles containing Abkhazian - language text Articles containing Kabardian - language text Articles with hAudio microformats Articles including recorded pronunciations Articles containing Albanian - language text Articles containing Amharic - language text Lang and lang - xx code promoted to ISO 639 - 1 Articles containing Arabic - language text Articles containing Armenian - language text Articles containing Assyrian Neo-Aramaic - language text Articles containing Chechen - language text Articles containing Czech - language text Articles containing explicitly cited English - language text Articles containing Esperanto - language text Articles containing Faroese - language text Articles containing French - language text Articles containing Georgian - language text Articles containing German - language text Articles containing Hebrew - language text Articles containing Hindi - language text Articles containing Urdu - language text Articles containing Hungarian - language text Articles containing Italian - language text Articles containing Indonesian - language text Articles containing Kurdish - language text Articles containing Kyrgyz - language text Articles containing Latvian - language text Articles containing Limburgish - language text Articles containing Lithuanian - language text Articles containing Macedonian - language text Articles containing Malay - language text Articles containing Marathi - language text Articles containing Occitan - language text Articles containing Pashto - language text Articles containing Persian - language text Articles containing Polish - language text Articles containing Portuguese - language text Articles containing Romanian - language text Articles containing Sardinian - language text Articles containing Scottish Gaelic - language text Articles containing Serbo - Croatian - language text Articles containing Somali - language text Articles containing Spanish - language text Articles containing Turkish - language text Articles containing Turkmen - language text Articles containing Ukrainian - language text Articles containing Uighur - language text Articles containing West Frisian - language text Articles containing Yiddish - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Alemannisch Asturianu Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Română Русский Српски / srpski Українська Walon 中文 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 March 2018, at 14 : 38. 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Question: choose the correct ipa symbol according to the characteristics given. voiced post-alveolar affricate
Answer: ⟨d͡ʒ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʤ⟩), or in broad transcription ⟨ɟ⟩