Sivalik Hills - Wikipedia Sivalik Hills Kalimpong town as viewed from a distant hill. In the background are the Himalayas. The Sivalik Hills is a mountain range of the outer Himalayas. It is about 2,400 km ( 1,500 mi ) long enclosing an area that starts almost from the Indus and ends close to the Brahmaputra, with a gap of about 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) between the Teesta and Raidak rivers in Assam. The width of the Sivalik Hills varies from 10 to 50 km ( 6.2 to 31.1 mi ), their average elevation is 1,500 to 2,000 m ( 4,900 to 6,600 ft ). In some Sanskrit texts, the region is called Manak Parbat. Sivalik literally means ' tresses of Shiva '. Contents 1 Geology 2 Pre-history 3 Demographics 4 In culture 5 See also 6 References Geology The Gangas cutting through the Sivalik Hills View of the Sivalik Hills from Sukhna Lake Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north ; they poorly consolidated. The remnant magnetization of siltstones and sandstones indicates that they were deposited 16 -- 5.2 million years ago. In Nepal, the Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Shivalik Hills. They are the southernmost and geologically youngest east - west mountain chain of the Himalayas. They have many sub-ranges and extend west from Arunachal Pradesh through Bhutan to West Bengal, and further westward through Nepal and Uttarakhand, continuing into Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir. The hills are cut through at wide intervals by numerous large rivers flowing south from the Himalayas. They are bounded on the south by a fault system called the Main Frontal Thrust, with steeper slopes on that side. Below this, the coarse alluvial Bhabar zone makes the transition to the nearly level plains. Rainfall, especially during the summer monsoon, percolates into the Bhabar, then is forced to the surface by finer alluvial layers below it in a zone of springs and marshes along the northern edge of the Terai or plains. North of the Sivalik Hills the 1,500 -- 3,000 meter Lesser Himalayas also known as the Mahabharat Range rise steeply along fault lines. In many places the two ranges are adjacent but in other places structural valleys 10 -- 20 km wide separate them. Pre-history Sivapithecus ( a kind of ape, formerly known as Ramapithecus ) is among many fossil finds in the Sivalik region. The Sivalik Hills are also among the richest fossil sites for large animals anywhere in Asia. The Hills had revealed that all kinds of animals lived there. They were early ancestors to the sloth bear, Sivatherium, an ancient giraffe, Colossochelys atlas, a giant tortoise named the Sivaliks giant tortoise Megalochelys atlas amongst other creatures. The remains of the Lower Paleolithic ( ca. 500,000 to 125,000 BP ) Soanian culture have been found in the Siwalik region. Contemporary to the Acheulean, the Soanian culture is named after the Soan Valley in the Shivalik Hills of Pakistan. The bearers of this culture were Homo erectus. Demographics Low population densities in the Sivalik Hills and along the steep southern slopes of the Mahabharat Range, plus virulent malaria in the damp forests on their fringes create a cultural, linguistic and political buffer zone between dense populations in the plains to the south and the `` hills '' beyond the Mahabharat escarpment, isolating the two populations from each other and enabling different evolutionary paths with respect to language, race and culture. People of the Lepcha tribe inhabit the Sikkim and Darjeeling areas. In culture The Indian Navy 's Shivalik class frigate is named after these ranges. See also Margalla Hills -- subrange in Islamabad region. Shivalik Fossil Park Frederick Walter Champion, forester and wildlife photographer was posted here after World War I until 1947 Dundwa Range -- subrange separating Deukhuri -- an Inner Terai valley in western Nepal -- from the Outer Terai in Balrampur and Shravasti districts, Utter Pradesh References Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shivalik Hills. Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Siwalik Hills. Jump up ^ Kohli, M.S. ( 2004 ). Mountains of India : Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage. Indus Publishing, New Delhi. Jump up ^ Kohli, M.S. ( 2002 ). Mountains of India : Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage. Indus Publishing. pp. 25 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7387 - 135 - 1. Jump up ^ Balokhra, J.M. ( 1999 ). The Wonderland of Himachal Pradesh. Revised and enlarged 4th edition. H.G. Publications, New Delhi. ^ Jump up to : Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Siwalik Hills ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 163 -- 164. Jump up ^ Gautam, P., Fujiwara, Y. ( 2000 ). `` Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Karnali River section in western Nepal ''. Geophysical Journal International. 142 ( 3 ) : 812 -- 824. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Mani, M.S. ( 2012 ). Ecology and Biogeography in India. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 690. Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150519-the-truth-about-giant-tortoises Jump up ^ Lycett, Stephen J ( 2007 ), `` Is the Soanian techno - complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon ? A morphometric assessment '', Journal of Archaeological Science, 34 ( 9 ) : 1434, doi : 10.1016 / j. jas. 2006.11. 001 Jump up ^ Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region Archived 4 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. hide Geography of South Asia Mountains and plateaus Himalayas Mount Everest Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Aravalli Range Nilgiris Vindhya Range Satpura Range Garo Hills Shivalik Hills Mahabharat Range Khasi Hills Anaimalai Hills Cardamom Hills Sulaiman Mountains Toba Kakar Range Karakoram Hindu Kush Chittagong Hill Tracts Deccan Plateau Thar Desert Makran Chota Nagpur Naga Hills Mysore Plateau Ladakh Plateau Gandhamardan Hills Malwa Lushai Hills Lowlands and islands Indo - Gangetic plain Doab Indus Valley Indus River Delta Ganges Basin Ganges Delta Terai Atolls of the Maldives Coromandel Coast Konkan Lakshadweep Andaman and Nicobar Islands Sundarbans Reserve Forest Greater Rann of Kutch Little Rann of Kutch Protected areas in Tamil Nadu By country India Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Sri Lanka Bangladesh Maldives Afghanistan Coordinates : 27 ° 46 ′ N 82 ° 24 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.767 ° N 82.400 ° E ﻿ / 27.767 ; 82.400 GND : 4107789 - 1 VIAF : 235946504 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sivalik_Hills&oldid=845666115 '' Categories : Mountain ranges of the Himalayas Hills of Asia Mountain ranges of India Mountain ranges of Nepal Mountain ranges of Pakistan Hills of Jammu and Kashmir Hills of Uttarakhand Hills of Himachal Pradesh Hills of Sikkim Hills of Pakistan Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from April 2017 Use Indian English from April 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014 Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Беларуская भोजपुरी Català Čeština Deutsch Español Français हिन्दी Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ Lietuvių मैथिली മലയാളം Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Українська اردو 中文 20 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 June 2018, at 09 : 40 ( UTC ). 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Question: the name given to the area at the foothills of the shiwalik range
Answer: Bhabar