Languages of Afghanistan - wikipedia Languages of Afghanistan Languages of Afghanistan Ethnolinguist groups of Afghanistan Official languages Dari and Pashto Regional languages Pashto, Dari, Hazaragi, Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi Sign languages Afghan Sign Language Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages -- Pashto and Dari -- are both official and most widely spoken. Dari is the official name of the Persian language in Afghanistan. It is often referred to as the Afghan Persian. Both Pashto and Persian are Indo - European languages from the Iranian languages sub-family. Other regional languages, such as Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi and Nuristani are spoken by minority groups across the country. Minor languages may include Ashkunu, Kamkata - viri, Vasi - vari, Tregami and Kalasha - ala, Pamiri ( Shughni, Munji, Ishkashimi and Wakhi ), Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai and Kyrgyz. Linguist Harald Haarmann believes that Afghanistan is home to more than 40 minor languages, with around 200 different dialects. Contents 1 Language policy 2 Naming policy 3 Overview 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Language Policy Dari is the most spoken language of Afghanistan 's official languages. In 1980, other regional languages were granted official status in the regions where they are the language of the majority. Article 16 of the 2004 Afghan Constitution states that Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi, Nuristani and Pamiri are -- in addition to Pashto and Dari -- the third official language in areas where the majority speaks them. The practical modalities for implementation of this provision shall be specified by law. '' Naming Policy Dari is a term long recommended by Afghan authorities to designate the Persian dialects spoken in Afghanistan, in contrast to the dialects spoken in neighboring Iran. Although still widely known as `` Farsi '' ( `` Persian '' ) to its native speakers, the name was officially changed to Dari in 1964. Dari must not be confused with the dialect of Kabul, which is the dominant Persian dialect in Afghanistan. Apart from a few basics of vocabulary, however ( and more Indo - Persian calligraphic styles in the Perso - Arabic script ), there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and of Iran. The term Dari is often loosely used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan -- in general the dialect of Kabul -- but is best restricted to formal spoken registers ( poetry, speeches, newscasts, and other broadcast announcements ). Overview Languages of Afghanistan Dari ( Afghan Persian ) 50 % Pashto 35 % Uzbek and Turkmen 11 % 30 others including Balochi and Pashai 4 % Dari functions as the nation 's lingua franca and is the native tongue of various Afghan ethnic groups including the Tajiks, Hazaras, and Aimak. Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns, the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. Due to Afghanistan 's multi-ethnic character, language variety as well as bilingualism and multilingualism are common phenomena. Afghan school textbooks written in the Pashto language The exact figures about the size and composition of the various ethnolinguistic groups are unavailable since no systematic census has been held in Afghanistan in decades. Estimates suggest the following primary languages : According to a 2006 opinion poll survey involving 6,226 randomly selected Afghan citizens by the Asia Foundation, Dari was the first language of 49 %, with an additional 37 % stating the ability to speak Dari as a second language ; 42 % were able to read Dari. Second, Pashto was the first language of 40 % of the polled people, while an additional 28 % spoke it as a second language ; 33 % were able to read Pashto. Uzbek was the first language of 9 % and a second language for 6 %. Turkmen was the first language of 2 % and a second language for 3 %. English was spoken by 8 % and Urdu by 7 %. A later study found that Dari was, by a wide margin, the most widely spoken language in urban Afghanistan, with as many as 93 % of Afghans claiming to speak it, but only 75 % of rural Afghans claiming the same. References ^ Jump up to : `` What Languages are Spoken in Afghanistan ? ''. 2004. Retrieved June 13, 2012. Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state. Uzbek, Turkmen, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani and Pamiri are -- in addition to Pashto and Dari -- the third official language in areas where the majority speaks them Jump up ^ `` Documentation for ISO 639 identifier : prs ''. Sil.org. 18 January 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` The World Factbook : Afghanistan ''. Cia.gov. Retrieved December 5, 2014. Jump up ^ Harald Haarmann : Sprachen - Almanach -- Zahlen und Fakten zu allen Sprachen der Welt. Campus - Verl., Frankfurt / Main 2002, ISBN 3 - 593 - 36572 - 3, S. 273 -- 274 ; Afghanistan Jump up ^ `` AFGHANISTAN v. Languages ''. Ch. M. Kieffer. Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 08. A. Official languages. Paṧtō ( 1 ) is the native tongue of 50 to 55 percent of Afghans... Persian ( 2 ) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population, it is split into numerous dialects. Jump up ^ Ch. M. Kieffer, `` AFGHANISTAN v. Languages '', Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, originally from 1982. ^ Jump up to : R. Farhadi and J.R. Perry, Kaboli, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, originally in Vol. XV, Fasc. 3, pp. 276 -- 280, 2009. Jump up ^ `` South Asia : : AFGHANISTAN ''. CIA The World Factbook. Jump up ^ `` Languages of Afghanistan ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Jump up ^ `` Ethnic groups ''. BBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2013. Pashtun : Estimated to be in excess of 45 % of the population, the Pashtuns have been the most dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. Jump up ^ O'toole, Pam ( October 6, 2004 ). `` Afghan poll 's ethnic battleground ''. BBC News. Retrieved 2010 - 09 - 16. Jump up ^ `` Afghanistan in 2006 - A survey of the Afghan people '' ( PDF ). Kabul, Afghanistan : The Asia Foundation. 2006. Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 29. Uruzgan, representing 1.1 percent of the population of Afghanistan, and Zabul, representing 1.2 percent, were excluded from the sampling plan due to extreme security conditions during the fieldwork period of the survey. Jump up ^ `` Afghanistan in 2013 - A survey of the Afghan people '' ( PDF ). Kabul, Afghanistan : The Asia Foundation. 2012. Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 12. Further reading Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors : The Changing Politics of Language Choice External links Distribution of languages map from Columbia University Linguistic map of Afghanistan Languages of Afghanistan Official languages Dari Pashto Regional languages Balochi Kyrgyz Nuristani Pashayi Tajiki Turkmen Uzbek Minority languages Ashkunu Brahui Kamkata - viri Khowar Kyrgyz Pamiri Ishkashimi Munji Shughni Yidgha Tregami Waigali Wakhi Vasi - vari Sign languages Afghan Sign Language Languages of Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor ( Timor - Leste ) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands Hong Kong Macau Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Afghanistan&oldid=828001678 '' Categories : Languages of Afghanistan Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Azərbaycanca বাংলা Esperanto فارسی Français Norsk پښتو Русский Simple English Edit links This page was last edited on 27 February 2018, at 23 : 58. 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Question: what are the 2 main languages in afghanistan
Answer: Pashto