Bhakti yoga - wikipedia Bhakti yoga Part of a series on Hinduism Hindu History Concepts Worldview Hindu cosmology Puranic chronology Hindu mythology God / Highest Reality Brahman Ishvara God in Hinduism God and gender Life Ashrama ( stage ) Brahmacharya Grihastha Vanaprastha Sannyasa Purusharthas Dharma Artha Kama Moksha Liberation Atman Maya Karma Samsara Ethics Niti shastra Yamas Niyama Ahimsa Asteya Aparigraha Brahmacharya Satya Damah Dayā Akrodha Arjava Santosha Tapas Svādhyāya Shaucha Mitahara Dāna Liberation Bhakti yoga Jnana yoga Karma yoga Schools Six Astika schools Samkhya Yoga Nyaya Vaisheshika Mimamsa Vedanta Advaita Dvaita Vishishtadvaita Other schools Pasupata Saiva Pratyabhijña Raseśvara Īśvara Pāṇini Darśana Charvaka Deities Trimurti Brahma Vishnu Shiva Other major Devas / Devis Vedic Indra Agni Prajapati Rudra Devi Saraswati Ushas Varuna Vayu Post-Vedic Durga Ganesha Hanuman Kali Kartikeya Krishna Lakshmi Parvati Radha Rama Shakti Sita Texts Scriptures Vedas Rigveda Yajurveda Samaveda Atharvaveda Divisions Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanishad Upanishads Rigveda : Aitareya Kaushitaki Yajurveda : Brihadaranyaka Isha Taittiriya Katha Shvetashvatara Maitri Samaveda : Chandogya Kena Atharvaveda : Mundaka Mandukya Prashna Other scriptures Bhagavad Gita Agama ( Hinduism ) Other texts Vedangas Shiksha Chandas Vyakarana Nirukta Kalpa Jyotisha Puranas Vishnu Purana Bhagavata Purana Nāradeya Purana Vāmana Purana Matsya Purana Garuda Purana Brahma Purana Brahmānda Purana Brahma Vaivarta Purana Bhavishya Purana Padma Purana Agni Purana Shiva Purana Linga Purana Kūrma Purana Skanda Purana Varaha Purana Mārkandeya Purana Itihasas Ramayana Mahabharata Upavedas Ayurveda Dhanurveda Gandharvaveda Sthapatyaveda Shastras and Sutras Dharma Shastra Artha Śastra Kama Sutra Brahma Sutras Samkhya Sutras Mimamsa Sutras Nyāya Sūtras Vaiśeṣika Sūtra Yoga Sutras Pramana Sutras Charaka Samhita Sushruta Samhita Natya Shastra Panchatantra Divya Prabandha Tirumurai Ramcharitmanas Yoga Vasistha Swara yoga Shiva Samhita Gheranda Samhita Panchadasi Stotra Sutras Text classification Śruti Smriti Timeline of Hindu texts Practices Worship Puja Temple Murti Bhakti Japa Bhajana Yajna Homa Vrata Prāyaścitta Tirtha Tirthadana Matha Nritta - Nritya Meditation and Charity Tapa Dhyana Dāna Yoga Sadhu Yogi Asana Hatha yoga Jnana yoga Bhakti yoga Karma yoga Raja yoga Kundalini yoga Arts Bharatanatyam Kathak Kathakali Kuchipudi Manipuri Mohiniyattam Odissi Sattriya Bhagavata Mela Yakshagana Dandiya Raas Carnatic music Rites of passage Garbhadhana Pumsavana Simantonayana Jatakarma Namakarana Nishkramana Annaprashana Chudakarana Karnavedha Vidyarambha Upanayana Keshanta Ritushuddhi Samavartana Vivaha Antyeshti Ashrama Dharma Ashrama : Brahmacharya Grihastha Vanaprastha Sannyasa Festivals Diwali Holi Shivaratri Navaratri Durga Puja Ramlila Vijayadashami - Dussehra Raksha Bandhan Ganesh Chaturthi Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Janmashtami Onam Makar Sankranti Kumbha Mela Pongal Ugadi Vaisakhi Bihu Puthandu Vishu Ratha Yatra Gurus, saints, philosophers Ancient Agastya Angiras Aruni Ashtavakra Atri Bharadwaja Gotama Jamadagni Jaimini Kanada Kapila Kashyapa Pāṇini Patanjali Raikva Satyakama Jabala Valmiki Vashistha Vishvamitra Vyasa Yajnavalkya Medieval Nayanars Alvars Adi Shankara Basava Akka Mahadevi Allama Prabhu Siddheshwar Jñāneśvar Chaitanya Gangesha Upadhyaya Gaudapada Gorakshanath Jayanta Bhatta Kabir Kumarila Bhatta Matsyendranath Mahavatar Babaji Madhusudana Madhva Haridasa Thakur Namdeva Nimbarka Prabhakara Raghunatha Siromani Ramanuja Sankardev Purandara Dasa Kanaka Dasa Ramprasad Sen Jagannatha Dasa Vyasaraya Sripadaraya Raghavendra Swami Gopala Dasa Śyāma Śastri Vedanta Desika Tyagaraja Tukaram Tulsidas Vachaspati Mishra Vallabha Vidyaranya Modern Aurobindo Bhaktivinoda Thakur Chinmayananda Dayananda Saraswati Mahesh Yogi Jaggi Vasudev Krishnananda Saraswati Narayana Guru Prabhupada Ramakrishna Ramana Maharshi Radhakrishnan Sarasvati Sivananda U.G. Krishnamurti Sai Baba Vivekananda Nigamananda Yogananda Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade Tibbetibaba Trailanga Society Varna Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra Dalit Jati Denominations Persecution Nationalism Hindutva Other topics Hinduism by country Balinese Hinduism Criticism Calendar Iconography Mythology Pilgrimage sites Hinduism and Jainism / and Buddhism / and Sikhism / and Judaism / and Christianity / and Islam Glossary of Hinduism terms Hinduism portal Bhakti yoga, also called Bhakti marga ( literally the path of Bhakti ), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards a personal god. It is one of the paths in the spiritual practices of Hindus, others being Jnana yoga and Karma yoga. The tradition has ancient roots. Bhakti is mentioned in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad where it simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor. Bhakti yoga as one of three spiritual paths for salvation is discussed in depth by the Bhagavad Gita. The personal god varies with the devotee. It may include a god or goddess such as Ganesha, Krishna, Radha, Rama, Sita, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Shiva, Parvati, Durga among others. The Bhakti marga involving these deities grew with the Bhakti Movement, starting about the mid-1st millennium CE, from Tamil Nadu in South India. The movement was led by the Saiva Nayanars and the Vaisnava Alvars. Their ideas and practices inspired bhakti poetry and devotion throughout India over the 12th - 18th century CE. Bhakti marga is a part of the religious practice in Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism. Contents 1 Philosophy 1.1 Bhagavad Gita 1.2 Bhagavata Purana 2 Traditions 2.1 Panchayatana puja 2.2 Saiva Siddhanta 2.3 Shakti Bhakti 2.4 Vaishnava Bhakti 2.4. 1 Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 2.5 Meher baba 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Bibliography Philosophy Main article : Bhakti Bhakti yoga by a Hindu in Himachal Pradesh. The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaj, which means `` divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to ''. The word also means `` attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation ''. The term yoga literally means `` union, yoke '', and in this context connotes a path or practice for `` salvation, liberation ''. The yoga referred to here is the `` joining together, union '' of one 's Atman ( true self ) with the concept of Brahman ( true Reality ). According to Samrat Kumar, bhakti yoga is an Indian tradition of `` divine love mysticism '', a spiritual path `` synonymous for an intimate understanding of oneness and harmony of the eternal individual with the Divine ( the universal Being ) and all creatures, a constant delight ''. Bhagavad Gita Main article : Bhagavad Gita Bhakti yoga is one of three yoga taught in Bhagavad Gita. Bhakti yoga is, according to Peter Bishop, a devotee 's loving devotion to a personal god as the path for spirituality. The other two paths are jnana yoga, the path of wisdom where the Hindu pursues knowledge and introspective self - understanding as spiritual practice, while karma yoga is path of virtuous action ( karma ) neither expecting a reward nor consequences for doing the right thing, or nishkama karma. Later, new movements within Hinduism added raja yoga as the fourth spiritual path, but this is not universally accepted as distinct to other three. Bhagavata Purana Main article : Bhagavata Purana The Bhagavata Purana is a popular and influential text in the Vaishnavism traditions, and it discusses Ishvara pranidhana ( devotion to a personal god ). The Sanskrit text presents various modes of bhakti specifically to incarnations of Vishnu, particularly in terms of `` Narayana, Krishna ''. According to Edwin Bryant, and other scholars, the Bhakti yoga taught in this text is inspired by Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and Bhagavad Gita, and they focus on `` the ultimate truths of the individual self and its loving relationship with a personal god ''. The presentation in the Bhagavata Purana is not in abstract terms, but through `` charming and delightful tales that capture the heart and mind '', the goal of Bhakti yoga, states Bryant. Traditions Main article : Bhakti movement Hinduism, in its scriptures such as chapter 7 of the Bhagavad Gita, recognizes four kinds of devotees who practice Bhakti yoga. Some practice it because they are hard pressed or stressed by anxiety or their life 's circumstances and see Bhakti yoga as a form of relief. The second type practice Bhakti yoga to learn about god out of curiosity and intellectual intrigue. The third type seek rewards in this or in afterlife through their Bhakti yoga. The fourth are those who love god driven by pure love, knowing and seeking nothing beyond that experience of love union. In Hinduism, the Bhakti yoga is a spiritual path of loving devotion to a Personal Divine. According to these Hindu texts, the highest spiritual level is the fourth, those who are devoted because of their knowledge of love. The Bhagavad Gita states that all four types of Bhakti yogi are noble because their pursuit of Bhakti yoga sooner or later starts the journey on the path of spirituality, it keeps one away from negativity and evil karma, it causes spiritual transformation towards the goal of Bhakti yoga, to `` know god as the essence within themselves and their true self always with god ''. Major traditions include the Shaiva who focus on Shiva theology ; the Vaishnava who worship Vishnu or his avatars such as Krishna and Rama ; and the Shakta who focus on goddess, also called Devi such as Durga, Kali, Lakshmi and Parvati. These are all considered as manifestations or aspects of the same metaphysical reality called Brahman in Hinduism. Panchayatana puja Main article : Panchayatana puja Panchayatana puja is a form of bhakti found in the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. It consists of the simultaneous worship of multiple deities : Shiva, Vishnu, Devi or Durga, Surya and an Ishta Devata such as Ganesha or Skanda or any personal god of devotee 's preference. Philosophically, the Smarta tradition emphasizes that all images ( murti ) are icons of saguna Brahman, a means to thinking about the abstract Ultimate Reality called nirguna Brahman. The five or six icons are seen by Smartas as multiple representations of the one Saguna Brahman ( i.e., a personal God with form ), rather than as distinct beings. The ultimate goal in this practice is to transition past the use of icons, then follow a philosophical and meditative path to understanding the oneness of Atman ( soul, self ) and Brahman -- as `` That art Thou ''. Śaiva Siddhānta The Śaivasiddhānta tradition favors Bhakti yoga, emphasizing loving devotion to Shiva. Its theology presents three universal realities : the pashu ( individual soul ), the pati ( lord, Shiva ), and the pasha ( soul 's bondage ) through ignorance, karma and maya. The tradition teaches ethical living, service to the community and through one 's work, loving worship, yoga practice and discipline, continuous learning and self - knowledge as means for liberating the individual soul from bondage. The historic Shaiva Siddhanta literature is an enormous body of texts. The Shaiva Siddhanta practices have focussed on abstract ideas of spirituality, worship and loving devotion to Shiva as SadaShiva, and taught the authority of the Vedas and Shaiva Agamas. Shakti Bhakti Meerabai is considered as one of the most significant sants in the Vaishnava bhakti tradition. Bhakti of goddess is another significant tradition, one found in Shaktism. The theology of oneness and unity of `` the divine Goddess and the devotee '', their eternal fearless love for each other is a theme found in Devi Gita, a text embedded inside the Devi - Bhagavata Purana. The specific Bhakti yoga practices amongst Shakta are similar to those in other traditions of Hinduism. The Shakta devotion is common in eastern states of India, particularly West Bengal. The personal god here varies, and includes Durga, Tara Ma ( Buddhist influence ), Kali and to a lesser extent Saraswati, Lakshmi, Bharat Mata ( land goddess ), according to June McDaniel. Vaishnava Bhakti The Bhakti yoga tradition has been historically most associated with Vaishnavism. The personal god here is Vishnu or one of his avatars. In many regions, the loving devotion is either to Vishnu - Lakshmi ( god - goddess ) together, or through Lakshmi who is considered as the shakti of Vishnu. The specific avatar varies by the devotee and region, but the most common are Krishna and Rama. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu In the Krishna - oriented traditions of Vaishnavism, the Chaitanya Charitamrita by Krishnadasa Kaviraja interprets the section 7.5. 23 - 24 of Bhagavata Purana to teach nine types of bhakti sadhana, in the words of Prahlada. David Haberman translates them as follows : ( 1 ) śravaṇa ( `` listening '' to the scriptural stories of Krishna and his companions ), ( 2 ) kīrtana ( `` praising '' ; usually refers to ecstatic group singing ), ( 3 ) smaraṇa ( `` remembering '' or fixing the mind on Vishnu ), ( 4 ) pāda - sevana ( rendering service ), ( 5 ) arcana ( worshiping an image ), ( 6 ) vandana ( paying homage ), ( 7 ) dāsya ( servitude ), ( 8 ) sākhya ( friendship ), and ( 9 ) ātma - nivedana ( complete surrender of the self ). These nine principles of devotional service were incorporated by Rupa Goswami linked to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu as integral to spiritual practice focussed on Krishna. A Sikh performing Bhakti Meher Baba A movement led by Meher Baba states that `` out of a number of practices which lead to the ultimate goal of humanity -- God - Realisation -- Bhakti Yoga is one of the most important. Almost the whole of humanity is concerned with Bhakti Yoga, which, in simple words, means the art of worship. But it must be understood in all its true aspects, and not merely in a narrow and shallow sense, in which the term is commonly used and interpreted. The profound worship based on the high ideals of philosophy and spirituality, prompted by divine love, doubtless constitutes true Bhakti Yoga ''. See also Narada Bhakti Sutra Kirtan References Jump up ^ Karen Pechelis ( 2014 ), The Embodiment of Bhakti, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978 - 0195351903, pages 19 - 24 ^ Jump up to : Cutler, Norman ( 1987 ). Songs of Experience. Indiana University Press. pp. 1 -- 2. ISBN 978 - 0 - 253 - 35334 - 4. 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Hay ; William Theodore De Bary ( 1988 ). Sources of Indian Tradition. Columbia University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978 - 0 - 231 - 06651 - 8. Jump up ^ Flood, Gavin ( 1996 ). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 43878 - 0. Jump up ^ Rinehart, Robin. Contemporary Hinduism : ritual, culture, and practice. ABC - CLIO. pp. 45, 51. ISBN 978 - 1 - 57607 - 905 - 8. ^ Jump up to : Michael C. Brannigan ( 2010 ). Striking a Balance : A Primer in Traditional Asian Values. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 18 -- 22. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7391 - 3846 - 5. Jump up ^ Samrat S Kumar ( 2010 ). Bhakti - The Yoga of Love : Trans - Rational Approaches to Peace Studies. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 35 -- 37 with footnotes. ISBN 978 - 3 - 643 - 50130 - 1. Jump up ^ Pechilis Prentiss, Karen ( 1999 ). The Embodiment of Bhakti. US : Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 512813 - 0. Jump up ^ Werner, Karel ( 1993 ). Love Divine : studies in bhakti and devotional mysticism. 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Routledge. pp. 51 -- 59. ISBN 978 - 1 - 317 - 66910 - 4. Jump up ^ Samrat S Kumar ( 2010 ). Bhakti - The Yoga of Love : Trans - Rational Approaches to Peace Studies. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 35 -- 43. ISBN 978 - 3 - 643 - 50130 - 1. Jump up ^ June McDaniel ( 2012 ), The Role of Yoga in Some Bengali Bhakti Traditions : Shaktism, Gaudiya Vaisnavism, Baul, and Sahajiya Dharma, Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp. 53 - 74 ^ Jump up to : Haberman, David L. ( 2001 ). Acting as a Way of Salvation. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 133 -- 134. ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 1794 - 4. Jump up ^ Baba, Meher : The Path of Love, Sheriar Press, 2000, pp. 57 - 58. Bibliography Mariasusai Dhavamony ( 1971 ). Love of God according to Śaiva Siddhānta : a study in the mysticism and theology of Śaivism. Clarendon Press. Jeaneane D. Fowler ( 2012 ). The Bhagavad Gita : A Text and Commentary for Students. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 84519 - 520 - 5. Jeaneane D. Fowler ( 2002 ). Perspectives of reality : an introduction to the philosophy of Hinduism. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 898723 - 93 - 6. Sanderson, Alexis ( 1988 ). `` Saivism and the Tantric Traditions ''. In S Sutherland ; et al. The World 's Religions. Routledge. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Hilko Wiardo Schomerus ( 2000 ). Śaiva Siddhānta : An Indian School of Mystical Thought : Presented as a System and Documented from the Original Tamil Sources. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 1569 - 8. 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Question: in later hindu literature one seeks salvation through the bhakti-yoga or way of devotion by
Answer: participation, devotion and love for any endeavor