Oregon treaty - wikipedia Oregon treaty This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2015 ) Oregon Treaty Map of the lands in dispute Type bilateral treaty Signed 15 June 1846 ( 1846 - 06 - 15 ) Location Washington, D.C., United States Original signatories UK USA The Oregon Treaty is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. Signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country ; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818. Contents 1 Background 2 Negotiations 3 Treaty definitions 4 Issues arising from treaty 5 See also 6 References and footnotes 6.1 Bibliography 7 External links Background Main article : Oregon boundary dispute The Treaty of 1818 set the boundary between the United States and British North America along the 49th parallel of north latitude from Minnesota to the `` Stony Mountains '' ( now known as the Rocky Mountains ). The region west of those mountains was known to the Americans as the Oregon Country and to the British as the Columbia Department or Columbia District of the Hudson 's Bay Company. ( Also included in the region was the southern portion of another fur district, New Caledonia. ) The treaty provided for joint control of that land for ten years. Both countries could claim land and both were guaranteed free navigation throughout. Original manuscript of the treaty ( transcription ), as kept by the U.S. National Archives. Joint control steadily grew less tolerable for both sides. After a British minister rejected U.S. President James K. Polk 's offer to settle the boundary at the 49th parallel north, Democratic expansionists called for the annexation of the entire region up to Parallel 54 ° 40 ′ north, the southern limit of Russian America as established by parallel treaties between the Russian Empire and the United States ( 1824 ) and Britain ( 1825 ). However, after the outbreak of the Mexican - American War in April 1846 diverted U.S. attention and military resources, a compromise was reached in the ongoing negotiations in Washington, D.C., and the matter was settled by the Polk administration ( to the dismay of its own party 's hardliners ) to avoid a two - war situation and a third war with the formidable military strength of Great Britain in less than 70 years. Negotiations The treaty was negotiated by U.S. Secretary of State James Buchanan, who later became president, and Richard Pakenham, British envoy to the United States and member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom for Queen Victoria ; the Earl of Aberdeen was at the time Foreign Secretary, and it was he who was responsible for it in Parliament. The treaty was signed on June 15, 1846, ending the joint occupation with Great Britain and making most Oregonians below the 49th parallel American citizens. The Oregon Treaty set the U.S. and British North American border at the 49th parallel with the exception of Vancouver Island, which was retained in its entirety by the British. Vancouver Island, with all coastal islands, was constituted as the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1849. The U.S. portion of the region was organized as Oregon Territory on August 15, 1848, with Washington Territory being formed from it in 1853. The British portion remained unorganized until 1858 when the Colony of British Columbia was declared as a result of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush and fears of re-asserted American expansionist intentions. The two British colonies were amalgamated in 1866 as the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia. When the Colony of British Columbia joined Canada in 1871, the 49th Parallel and marine boundaries established by the Oregon Treaty became the Canada -- US border. Treaty definitions The treaty defined the border in the Strait of Juan de Fuca through the major channel. The `` major channel '' was not defined, giving rise to further disputes in the San Juan Islands in 1859. Other provisions included : Navigation of `` channel ( s ) and straits, south of the forty - ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties ''. The `` Puget 's Sound Agricultural Company '' ( a subsidiary of the Hudson 's Bay Company ) retains the right to their property north of the Columbia River, and shall be compensated for properties surrendered if required by the United States. The property rights of the Hudson 's Bay Company and all British subjects south of the new boundary will be respected. Issues arising from treaty Ambiguities in the wording of the Oregon Treaty regarding the route of the boundary, which was to follow `` the deepest channel '' out to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and beyond to the open ocean, resulted in the Pig War, another boundary dispute in 1859 over the San Juan Islands. The dispute was peacefully resolved after a decade of confrontation and military bluster during which the local British authorities consistently lobbied London to seize back the Puget Sound region entirely, as the Americans were busy elsewhere with the Civil War. The San Juans dispute was not resolved until 1872 when, pursuant to the 1871 Treaty of Washington, an arbitrator ( the German Emperor ) chose the American - preferred marine boundary via Haro Strait, to the west of the islands, over the British preference for Rosario Strait which lay to their east. The treaty also had the unintended consequence of putting what became Point Roberts, Washington on the `` wrong '' side of the border. A peninsula, jutting south from Canada into Boundary Bay, was made by the agreement, as land south of the 49th parallel, a separate fragment of the United States. See also Wikisource has original text related to this article : Oregon Treaty Joseph Smith Harris ' account of surveying the border Webster - Ashburton Treaty References and footnotes Jump up ^ officially titled the Treaty between Her Majesty and the United States of America, for the Settlement of the Oregon Boundary and styled in the United States as the Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, and also known as the Buchanan - Pakenham ( or Packenham ) Treaty or ( sharing the name with several other unrelated treaties ) the Treaty of Washington Jump up ^ `` Convention of Commerce between His Majesty and the United States of America. -- Signed at London, 20th October 1818 ''. Canado - American Treaties. Université de Montréal. 2000. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved 2006 - 03 - 27. Jump up ^ Churchill 1958 Jump up ^ Walker, Dale L. ( 1999 ). Bear Flag Rising : The Conquest of California, 1846. New York : Macmillan. p. 60. ISBN 0312866852. Jump up ^ `` Treaty between Her Majesty and the United States of America, for the Settlement of the Oregon Boundary ''. Canado - American Treaties. Université de Montréal. 1999. Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved 2007 - 01 - 12. Bibliography Winston S. Churchill ( 1958 ). The Great Democracies. A History of the English - Speaking Peoples. 4. External links Map of North America at time of Oregon Treaty at omniatlas.com Pioneer history of Oregon ( 1806 -- 1890 ) Topics American Fur Company Columbian Exchange Executive Committee Ferries Hudson 's Bay Company Oregon & California Railroad Oregon boundary dispute Oregon Country Oregon Lyceum Oregon missionaries Oregon Spectator Oregon Territory Oregon Trail Oregon Treaty Organic Laws Pacific Fur Company Provisional Government Events Treaty of 1818 Russo - American Treaty of 1824 Willamette Cattle Company Champoeg Meetings Star of Oregon Whitman massacre Cayuse War Donation Land Claim Act Holmes v. Ford Rogue River Wars Constitutional Convention Modoc War Great Gale of 1880 Places Albina Applegate Trail Barlow Road Canemah Champoeg Elliott Cutoff Fort Astoria Fort Dalles Fort Vancouver Fort William French Prairie Linn City Meek Cutoff Methodist Mission Oregon City Oregon Institute Philip Foster Farm Thomas and Ruckle Road Tualatin Academy Whitman Mission Willamette Trading Post People George Abernethy Jesse Applegate Ira Babcock Sam Barlow François Blanchet William H. Boring Elijah Bristow Tabitha Brown Matthew Deady Abigail Scott Duniway Thomas Lamb Eliot Philip Foster Peter French Joseph Gale Cornelius Gilliam David Hill Chief Joseph Joseph Kellogg H.A.G. Lee Jason Lee David Thomas Lenox Asa Lovejoy Morton M. McCarver John McLoughlin Joseph Meek Ezra Meeker James D. Miller John Minto Robert Newell Joel Palmer Osborne Russell Sager orphans Levi Scott Henry Spalding William Vandevert Elijah White Marcus Whitman Narcissa Whitman Geo. H. Williams Ewing Young Transportation Columbia Lot Whitcomb Canemah Colonel Wright Gazelle Oregon Steam Navigation Company Oregon history pre-Pioneer Pioneer History of Oregon Native Nez Perce Kalapuya Takelma Chinook Klamath Molala Shasta Bannock Umpqua Reservations Early Pacific Northwest Columbia River Celilo Falls Willamette Valley Missoula Floods Fort Rock Cave Cascadia Megathrust Pioneer Oregon Country Lewis and Clark Expedition Fort Clatsop Pacific Fur Company Fort Astoria Hudson 's Bay Company Oregon Question Methodist Mission Champoeg Meetings Oregon Trail Executive Committee Portland Oregon Treaty Oregon Territory Donation Land Claim Act Statehood Oregon Constitutional Convention Modoc War Modern Lewis & Clark Expo Bonneville Dam Vanport Bottle Bill Rajneeshee Bioattack Tax Revolt New Carissa Territorial expansion of the United States Thirteen Colonies ( 1776 ) Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) Louisiana Purchase ( 1803 ) Red River Cession ( 1818 ) Adams -- Onís Treaty ( 1819 ) Texas Annexation ( 1845 ) Oregon Treaty ( 1846 ) Mexican Cession ( 1848 ) Gadsden Purchase ( 1853 ) Guano Islands Act ( 1856 ) Alaska Purchase ( 1867 ) Annexation of Hawaii ( 1898 ) Treaty of Paris ( 1898 ) Tripartite Convention ( 1899 ) Treaty of Cession of Tutuila ( 1900 ) Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa ( 1904 ) Treaty of the Danish West Indies ( 1917 ) Concept : Manifest destiny VIAF : 187187535 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oregon_Treaty&oldid=795874095 '' Categories : Canada -- United States border History of the Pacific Northwest Pre-Confederation British Columbia Legal history of Canada Pre-statehood history of Oregon Oregon Country 1846 in the United Kingdom 1846 in the United States United Kingdom -- United States treaties 1846 treaties Treaties of the United Kingdom ( 1801 -- 1922 ) 1846 in British law Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from June 2015 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Cymraeg Deutsch Español Esperanto Français 한국어 हिन्दी Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Română Русский Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 17 August 2017, at 01 : 16. 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Question: in 1846 the oregon territory was acquired in a compromise with
Answer: United Kingdom