Madeira - wikipedia Madeira This article is about the archipelago. For other uses, see Madeira ( disambiguation ). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2015 ) Madeira Autonomous Region ( Região Autónoma ) A January 2014 view of Funchal, the capital city of the autonomous region. Flag Coat of Arms Official name : Região Autónoma da Madeira Name origin : madeira, Portuguese for wood Motto : Das Ilhas as Mais Belas e Livres ( English : Of all islands, the most beautiful and free ) Country Portugal Autonomous Region Madeira Region Atlantic Ocean Subregion Tore - Madeira Ridge Position Madeira Platform, Savage Islands submarine mount Islands Madeira, Porto Santo, Desertas, Selvagens Municipalities Calheta, Câmara de Lobos, Funchal, Machico, Ponta do Sol, Porto Moniz, Porto Santo, Ribeira Brava, Santa Cruz, Santana, São Vicente Capital Funchal Largest city Funchal - coordinates 32 ° 39 ′ 4 '' N 16 ° 54 ′ 35 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.65111 ° N 16.90972 ° W ﻿ / 32.65111 ; - 16.90972 Coordinates : 32 ° 39 ′ 4 '' N 16 ° 54 ′ 35 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.65111 ° N 16.90972 ° W ﻿ / 32.65111 ; - 16.90972 Highest point - elevation 1,862 m ( 6,109 ft ) Lowest point Sea level - location Atlantic Ocean, Madeira - elevation 0 m ( 0 ft ) Area 801 km ( 309 sq mi ) Population 289,000 ( 2016 ) Estimate Density 308.5 / km ( 799 / sq mi ) Settlement c. 1420 - Administrative autonomy c. 1895 - Political autonomy 1 July 1976 Discovery c. 1415 Management - location Assembleia Regional, Sé, Funchal - elevation 16 m ( 52 ft ) - coordinates 32 ° 38 ′ 49.96 '' N 16 ° 54 ′ 29.59 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.6472111 ° N 16.9082194 ° W ﻿ / 32.6472111 ; - 16.9082194 Government - location Quinta Vigia, Sé, Funchal - elevation 51 m ( 167 ft ) - coordinates 32 ° 38 ′ 42.39 '' N 16 ° 54 ′ 57.16 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.6451083 ° N 16.9158778 ° W ﻿ / 32.6451083 ; - 16.9158778 President ( Government ) Miguel Albuquerque ( PPD / PSD ) - President ( Assembleia ) José Lino Tranquada Gomes ( PPD / PSD ) Timezone WET ( UTC + 0 ) - summer ( DST ) WEST ( UTC + 1 ) ISO 3166 - 2 code PT - 30 Postal code 9XXX - XXX Area code ( + 351 ) 291 XXX XXX ccTLD. pt Date format dd - mm - yyyy Drive right - side Demonym Madeiran ; Madeirense Patron Saint Nossa Senhora do Monte Holiday 1 July Anthem A Portuguesa ( national ) Hino da Madeira ( regional ) Currency Euro ( € ) GDP ( nominal ) 2010 estimate - Total € 5.224 billion - Per capita € 21,100 Location of Madeira relative to Portugal ( green ) and the rest of the European Union ( light green ) Wikimedia Commons : Madeira Statistics : Instituto Nacional de Estatística Website : www.gov-madeira.pt Geographic detail from CAOP ( 2010 ) produced by Instituto Geográfico Português ( IGP ) Madeira ( / məˈdɪərə, - ˈdɛərə / mə - DEER - ə, - DAIR - ə ; Portuguese : ( mɐˈðejɾɐ, - ˈðɐj - ) ) is a Portuguese archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal. Its total population was estimated in 2011 at 267,785. The capital of Madeira is Funchal, located on the main island 's south coast. The archipelago is just under 400 kilometres ( 250 mi ) north of Tenerife, Canary Islands. Since 1976, the archipelago has been one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal ( the other being the Azores, located to the northwest ). It includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, administered together with the separate archipelago of the Savage Islands. The region has political and administrative autonomy through the Administrative Political Statue of the Autonomous Region of Madeira provided for in the Portuguese Constitution. The autonomous region is an integral part of the European Union, having pronounced status as an outermost region of the European Union, as detailed in Article 299 - 2 of the Treaty of the European Union. Madeira was claimed by Portuguese sailors in the service of Prince Henry the Navigator in 1419 and settled after 1420. The archipelago is considered to be the first territorial discovery of the exploratory period of the Portuguese Age of Discovery, which extended from 1415 to 1542. Today, it is a popular year - round resort, being visited every year by about one million tourists, three times its population. The region is noted for its Madeira wine, gastronomy, historical and cultural value, flora and fauna, landscapes ( Laurel forest ) which are classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and embroidery artisans. Its annual New Year celebrations feature the largest fireworks show in the world, as officially recognised by Guinness World Records in 2006. The main harbour in Funchal is the leading Portuguese port in cruise liner dockings, being an important stopover for commercial and trans - Atlantic passenger cruises between Europe, the Caribbean and North Africa. Madeira is the second richest region of Portugal by GDP per capita, only surpassed by Lisbon. Contents 1 History 1.1 Exploration 1.2 Legend 1.3 Discovery 1.4 Settlement 1.5 World War I 1.6 Autonomy and recent history 2 Geography 2.1 Islands and islets 2.1. 1 Madeira Island 2.2 Climate 2.2. 1 Wildfires 2.3 Native birds gallery 2.4 Native flora gallery 2.5 Levadas 3 Governance 3.1 Funchal 4 Population 4.1 Demographics 4.2 Diaspora 5 Economy 5.1 Tourism 5.1. 1 Whale watching 5.2 Immigration 6 Renewable energy 7 Transport 8 Culture 8.1 Music 8.2 Cuisine 8.2. 1 Beverages 9 Sports 10 Sister provinces 11 Postage stamps 12 Notable people 13 See also 14 References 14.1 Notes 14.2 Bibliography 15 External links History Main article : History of Madeira Exploration Plutarch ( Sertorius, 75 CE ) referring to the military commander Quintus Sertorius ( d. 72 BC ), relates that after his return to Cádiz : `` The islands are said to be two in number separated by a very narrow strait and lie 10,000 furlongs ( 2,011.68 km ) from Africa. They are called the Isles of the Blessed... ''. Archeological evidence suggests that the islands may have been visited by the Vikings sometime between 900 and 1030. Legend During the reign of King Edward III of England, lovers Robert Machim and Anna d'Arfet were said to flee from England to France in 1346. They were driven off their course by a violent storm and their ship went aground along the coast of an island that may have been Madeira. Later this legend was the basis of the naming of the city of Machico, in memory of the young lovers. Discovery Knowledge of some Atlantic islands, such as Madeira, existed before their formal discovery and settlement, as the islands were shown on maps as early as 1339. Statue of João Gonçalves Zarco In 1418, two captains under service to Prince Henry the Navigator, João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, were driven off course by a storm to an island which they named Porto Santo ( English : holy harbour ) in gratitude for divine deliverance from a shipwreck. The following year, an organised expedition, under the captaincy of Zarco, Vaz Teixeira, and Bartolomeu Perestrello, traveled to the island to claim it on behalf of the Portuguese Crown. Subsequently, the new settlers observed `` a heavy black cloud suspended to the southwest. '' Their investigation revealed it to be the larger island they called Madeira. Settlement Cathedral of Funchal with its tower of 15th - century Gothic style in the background The first Portuguese settlers began colonizing the islands around 1420 or 1425. Grain production began to fall and the ensuing crisis forced Henry the Navigator to order other commercial crops to be planted so that the islands could be profitable. These specialised plants, and their associated industrial technology, created one of the major revolutions on the islands and fuelled Portuguese industry. Following the introduction of the first water - driven sugar mill on Madeira, sugar production increased to over 6,000 arrobas ( an arroba was equal to 11 to 12 kilograms ) by 1455, using advisers from Sicily and financed by Genoese capital. ( Genoa acted as an integral part of the island economy until the 17th century ). The accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders, who were keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. `` By 1480 Antwerp had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as a producer of sugar. '' Sugarcane production was the primary engine of the island 's economy, increasing the demand for labour. African slaves were used during portions of the island 's history to cultivate sugar cane, and the proportion of imported slaves reached 10 % of the total population of Madeira by the 16th century. Barbary corsairs from North Africa, who enslaved Europeans from ships and coastal communities throughout the Mediterranean region, captured 1,200 people in Porto Santo in 1617. After the 17th century, as Portuguese sugar production was shifted to Brazil, São Tomé and Príncipe and elsewhere, Madeira 's most important commodity product became its wine. The British first amicably occupied the island in 1801 whereafter Colonel William Henry Clinton became governor. A detachment of the 85th Regiment of Foot under Lieutenant - colonel James Willoughby Gordon garrisoned the island. After the Peace of Amiens, British troops withdrew in 1802, only to reoccupy Madeira in 1807 until the end of the Peninsular War in 1814. World War I On 31 December 1916 during the Great War, a German U-boat, SM U-38, captained by Max Valentiner, entered Funchal harbour on Madeira. U-38 torpedoed and sank three ships, bringing the war to Portugal by extension. The ships sunk were CS Dacia ( 1,856 tons ), a British cable - laying vessel. Dacia had previously undertaken war work off the coast of Casablanca and Dakar. It was in the process of diverting the German South American cable into Brest, France. SS Kanguroo ( 2,493 tons ), a French specialized `` heavy - lift '' transport. Surprise ( 680 tons ), a French gunboat. Her commander and 34 crewmen ( including 7 Portuguese ) were killed. After attacking the ships, U-38 bombarded Funchal for two hours from a range of about 2 miles ( 3 km ). Batteries on Madeira returned fire and eventually forced U-38 to withdraw. On 12 December 1917, two German U-boats, SM U-156 and SM U-157 ( captained by Max Valentiner ), again bombarded Funchal. This time the attack lasted around 30 minutes. The U-boats fired 40 4.7 - and - 5.9 - inch ( 120 and 150 mm ) shells. There were 3 fatalities and 17 wounded ; a number of houses and Santa Clara church were hit. Charles I ( Karl I ), the last Emperor of the Austro - Hungarian Empire, went to Madeira after the war. Determined to prevent an attempt to restore Charles to the throne, the Council of Allied Powers agreed he could go into exile on Madeira because it was isolated in the Atlantic and easily guarded. He died there on 1 April 1922 and is buried in Monte. Autonomy and recent History On 1 July 1976, following the democratic revolution of 1974, Portugal granted political autonomy to Madeira, celebrated on Madeira Day. The region now has its own government and legislative assembly. In October 2012, it was reported that there was a dengue fever epidemic on the island. There was a total of 2,168 cases reported of dengue fever since the start in October 2012. The number of cases was on the decline since mid November 2012 and by 4 February 2013, no new cases had been reported. In August 2016, wildfires spread on Madeira and reached Funchal, killing three and destroying 150 homes. Geography Distribution of the islands of the archipelago ( not including the Savage Islands ) Sights from Bica da Cana showing Madeira 's high orography The archipelago of Madeira is located 520 km ( 280 nmi ) from the African coast and 1,000 km ( 540 nmi ) from the European continent ( approximately a one - and - a-half hour flight from the Portuguese capital of Lisbon ). It is found in the extreme south of the Tore - Madeira Ridge, a bathymetric structure of great dimensions oriented along a north - northeast to south - southwest axis that extends for 1,000 kilometres ( 540 nmi ). This submarine structure consists of long geomorphological relief that extends from the abyssal plain to 3500 metres ; its highest submersed point is at a depth of about 150 metres ( around latitude 36oN ). The origins of the Tore - Madeira Ridge are not clearly established, but may have resulted from a morphological buckling of the lithosphere. Islands and islets Madeira ( 740.7 km2 ), including Ilhéu de Agostinho, Ilhéu de São Lourenço, Ilhéu Mole ( northwest ) ; Total population : 262,456 ( 2011 Census ). Porto Santo ( 42.5 km2 ), including Ilhéu de Baixo ou da Cal, Ilhéu de Ferro, Ilhéu das Cenouras, Ilhéu de Fora, Ilhéu de Cima ; Total population : 5483 ( 2011 Census ). Desertas Islands ( 14.2 km2 ), including the three uninhabited islands : Deserta Grande Island, Bugio Island and Ilhéu de Chão ; Savage Islands ( 3.6 km2 ), archipelago 280 km south - southeast of Madeira Island including three main islands and 16 uninhabited islets in two groups : the Northwest Group ( Selvagem Grande Island, Ilhéu de Palheiro da Terra, Ilhéu de Palheiro do Mar ) and the Southeast Group ( Selvagem Pequena Island, Ilhéu Grande, Ilhéu Sul, Ilhéu Pequeno, Ilhéu Fora, Ilhéu Alto, Ilhéu Comprido, Ilhéu Redondo, Ilhéu Norte ). Madeira island Detailed, true - colour image of Madeira. The image shows that deep green forest Laurissilva survives intact on the steep northern slopes of the island, but in the south, where terrain is gentler, the terracotta colour of towns and the light green colour of agriculture are more dominant The island of Madeira is at the top of a massive shield volcano that rises about 6 km ( 20,000 ft ) from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, on the Tore underwater mountain range. The volcano formed atop an east - west rift in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago, continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700,000 years ago. This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island. Volcanic activity later resumed, producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older eroded shield. The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west - central part of the island only 6,500 years ago, creating more cinder cones and lava flows. It is the largest island of the group with an area of 741 km ( 286 sq mi ), a length of 57 km ( 35 mi ) ( from Ponte de São Lourenço to Ponte do Pargo ), while approximately 22 km ( 14 mi ) at its widest point ( from Ponte da Cruz to Ponte São Jorge ), with a coastline of 150 km ( 90 mi ). It has a mountain ridge that extends along the centre of the island, reaching 1,862 metres ( 6,109 feet ) at its highest point ( Pico Ruivo ), while much lower ( below 200 metres ) along its eastern extent. The primitive volcanic foci responsible for the central mountainous area, consisted of the peaks : Ruivo ( 1,862 m ), Torres ( 1,851 m ), Arieiro ( 1,818 m ), Cidrão ( 1,802 m ), Cedro ( 1,759 m ), Casado ( 1,725 m ), Grande ( 1,657 m ), Ferreiro ( 1,582 m ). At the end of this eruptive phase, an island circled by reefs was formed, its marine vestiges are evident in a calcareous layer in the area of Lameiros, in São Vicente ( which was later explored for calcium oxide production ). Sea cliffs, such as Cabo Girão, valleys and ravines extend from this central spine, making the interior generally inaccessible. Daily life is concentrated in the many villages at the mouths of the ravines, through which the heavy rains of autumn and winter usually travel to the sea. Climate Madeira has been classified as a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csa / Csb ). Based on differences in sun exposure, humidity, and annual mean temperature, there are clear variations between north - and south - facing regions, as well as between some islands. The islands are strongly influenced by the Gulf Stream and Canary Current, giving mild year - round temperatures ; according to the Instituto de Meteorologia ( IM ), the average annual temperature at Funchal weather station is 19.6 ° C ( 67.3 ° F ) for the 1980 -- 2010 period. Porto Santo has at least one weather station with a semiarid climate ( BSh ). On the highest windward slopes of Madeira, rainfall exceeds 1,250 mm ( 50 inches ) per year, mostly falling between October and April. In most winters snowfall occurs in the mountains of Madeira. View from Pico do Arieiro Lava pools in Porto Moniz Porto Santo 's lack of higher mountains results in a paradoxical landscape when comparing it with its sister island Madeira The Desertas Islands in the distance at sunrise In some winters snow can occasionally be seen from Funchal, while the temperatures in the city stay mild Climate data for Funchal, capital of Madeira Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 25.5 ( 77.9 ) 27.0 ( 80.6 ) 30.5 ( 86.9 ) 32.6 ( 90.7 ) 34.2 ( 93.6 ) 34.7 ( 94.5 ) 37.7 ( 99.9 ) 38.5 ( 101.3 ) 38.4 ( 101.1 ) 34.1 ( 93.4 ) 29.5 ( 85.1 ) 25.9 ( 78.6 ) 38.5 ( 101.3 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 19.7 ( 67.5 ) 19.7 ( 67.5 ) 20.4 ( 68.7 ) 20.6 ( 69.1 ) 21.6 ( 70.9 ) 23.4 ( 74.1 ) 25.1 ( 77.2 ) 26.4 ( 79.5 ) 26.4 ( 79.5 ) 24.9 ( 76.8 ) 22.6 ( 72.7 ) 20.7 ( 69.3 ) 22.6 ( 72.7 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 16.7 ( 62.1 ) 16.6 ( 61.9 ) 17.2 ( 63 ) 17.5 ( 63.5 ) 18.6 ( 65.5 ) 20.6 ( 69.1 ) 22.2 ( 72 ) 23.2 ( 73.8 ) 23.2 ( 73.8 ) 21.8 ( 71.2 ) 19.6 ( 67.3 ) 17.9 ( 64.2 ) 19.6 ( 67.3 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 13.7 ( 56.7 ) 13.4 ( 56.1 ) 13.9 ( 57 ) 14.4 ( 57.9 ) 15.6 ( 60.1 ) 17.7 ( 63.9 ) 19.2 ( 66.6 ) 20.0 ( 68 ) 20.0 ( 68 ) 18.6 ( 65.5 ) 16.6 ( 61.9 ) 15.0 ( 59 ) 16.5 ( 61.7 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) 8.2 ( 46.8 ) 7.4 ( 45.3 ) 8.1 ( 46.6 ) 9.8 ( 49.6 ) 9.7 ( 49.5 ) 13.2 ( 55.8 ) 14.6 ( 58.3 ) 16.4 ( 61.5 ) 16.6 ( 61.9 ) 13.4 ( 56.1 ) 9.8 ( 49.6 ) 6.4 ( 43.5 ) 6.4 ( 43.5 ) Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 74.1 ( 2.917 ) 83.0 ( 3.268 ) 60.2 ( 2.37 ) 44.0 ( 1.732 ) 28.9 ( 1.138 ) 7.2 ( 0.283 ) 1.6 ( 0.063 ) 2.0 ( 0.079 ) 32.9 ( 1.295 ) 89.5 ( 3.524 ) 88.8 ( 3.496 ) 115.0 ( 4.528 ) 627.2 ( 24.693 ) Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.1 mm ) 12 10 9 8 6 6 9 10 13 87 Mean monthly sunshine hours 167.4 171.1 204.6 225.0 213.9 198.0 244.9 260.4 225.0 204.6 168.0 164.3 2,447.2 Source : Instituto de Meteorologia, ClimaTemps.com for Sunshine hours data Wildfires NASA satellite image of wildfires on the island of Madeira from 19 July 2012 Drought conditions, coupled with hot and windy weather in summer, have caused numerous wildfires in recent years. The largest of the fires in August 2010 burned through 95 percent of the Funchal Ecological Park, a 1,000 - hectare preserve set aside to restore native vegetation to the island. In July 2012 Madeira was suffering again from severe drought. Wildfires broke out on 18 July, in the midst of temperatures up to 40 ° C ( more than 100 ° F ) and high winds. By 20 July, fires had spread to the nearby island of Porto Santo, and firefighters were sent from mainland Portugal to contain the multiple blazes. In August 2013, a hospital and some private homes were evacuated as a wildfire approached Funchal. A number of homes were destroyed when the fire hit Monte, a suburb of Funchal. In August 2016, wildfires caused over 1,000 people to be evacuated, and led to the death of three people - all of which are said to have been elderly. The wildfires threatened the capital of Madeira - Funchal - specifically, however other administrative regions of Madeira were also threatened by separate wildfires - e.g. Calheta. Native birds gallery In the south, there is very little left of the indigenous subtropical rainforest which once covered the whole island ( the original settlers set fire to the island to clear the land for farming ) and gave it the name it now bears ( Madeira means `` wood '' in Portuguese ). However, in the north, the valleys contain native trees of fine growth. These `` laurisilva '' forests, called lauraceas madeirense, notably the forests on the northern slopes of Madeira Island, are designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The paleobotanical record of Madeira reveals that laurissilva forests has existed in this island for at least 1.8 million years. The critically endangered vine Jasminum azoricum is one of the plant species that is endemic to Madeira. Native flora gallery Levadas A levada Main article : Levadas The island of Madeira is wet in the northwest but dry in the southeast. In the 16th century the Portuguese started building levadas or aqueducts to carry water to the agricultural regions in the south. Madeira is very mountainous, and building the levadas was difficult and often sentenced criminals or slaves were used. Many are cut into the sides of mountains, and it was also necessary to dig 25 miles ( 40 km ) of tunnels, some of which are still accessible. Today the levadas not only supply water to the southern parts of the island but provide hydro - electric power. There are over 1,350 miles ( 2,170 km ) of levadas and they provide a network of walking paths. Some provide easy and relaxing walks through the countryside, but others are narrow, crumbling ledges where a slip could result in serious injury or death. Two of the most popular levadas to hike are the Levada do Caldeirão Verde and the Levada do Caldeirão do Inferno which should not be attempted by hikers prone to vertigo or without torches and helmets. The Levada do Caniçal is a much easier walk, running 7.1 miles ( 11.4 km ) from Maroços to the Caniçal Tunnel. It is known as the mimosa levada because mimosa trees are found all along the route. Governance Administratively, Madeira ( with a population of 267,302 inhabitants in 2011 ) and covering an area of 768.0 km ( 296.5 sq mi ) is organised into eleven municipalities : Municipality Population ( 2011 ) Area Main settlement Parishes Funchal 111,892 7007757000000000000 ♠ 75.7 km ( 29.2 sq mi ) Funchal 10 Santa Cruz 43,005 7007680000000000000 ♠ 68.0 km ( 26.3 sq mi ) Santa Cruz 5 Câmara de Lobos 35,666 7007526000000000000 ♠ 52.6 km ( 20.3 sq mi ) Câmara de Lobos 5 Machico 21,828 7007676000000000000 ♠ 67.6 km ( 26.1 sq mi ) Machico 5 Ribeira Brava 13,375 7007649000000000000 ♠ 64.9 km ( 25.1 sq mi ) Ribeira Brava Calheta 11,521 7008110300000000000 ♠ 110.3 km ( 42.6 sq mi ) Calheta 8 Ponta do Sol 8,862 7007468000000000000 ♠ 46.8 km ( 18.1 sq mi ) Ponta do Sol Santana 7,719 7007931000000000000 ♠ 93.1 km ( 35.9 sq mi ) Santana 6 São Vicente 5,723 7007808000000000000 ♠ 80.8 km ( 31.2 sq mi ) São Vicente Porto Santo 5,483 7007424000000000000 ♠ 42.4 km ( 16.4 sq mi ) Vila Baleira Porto Moniz 2,711 7007826000000000000 ♠ 82.6 km ( 31.9 sq mi ) Porto Moniz Funchal Main article : Funchal Partial view of the capital as seen from the mountains above it Funchal is the capital and principal city of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, located along the southern coast of the island of Madeira. It is a modern city, located within a natural geological `` amphitheatre '' composed of vulcanological structure and fluvial hydrological forces. Beginning at the harbour ( Porto de Funchal ), the neighbourhoods and streets rise almost 1,200 metres ( 3,900 ft ), along gentle slopes that helped to provide a natural shelter to the early settlers. Population Demographics See also : Demographics of Madeira The island was settled by Portuguese people, especially farmers from the Minho region, meaning that Madeirans ( Portuguese : Madeirenses ), as they are called, are ethnically Portuguese, though they have developed their own distinct regional identity and cultural traits. The region has a total population of just under 270,000, the majority of whom live on the main island of Madeira where the population density is 337 / km2 ; meanwhile only around 5,000 live on the Porto Santo Island where the population density is 112 / km2. Diaspora Main article : Portuguese diaspora Map of the European Union in the world, with overseas countries and territories ( OCT ) and outermost regions ( OMR ) for which Madeira is included Madeirans migrated to the United States, Venezuela, Brazil, British Guiana, St. Vincent and Trinidad. Madeiran immigrants in North America mostly clustered in the New England and mid-Atlantic states, Toronto, Northern California, and Hawaii. The city of New Bedford is especially rich in Madeirans, hosting the Museum of Madeira Heritage, as well as the annual Madeiran and Luso - American celebration, the Feast of the Blessed Sacrament, the world 's largest celebration of Madeiran heritage, regularly drawing crowds of tens of thousands to the city 's Madeira Field. In 1846, when a famine struck Madeira over 6,000 of the inhabitants migrated to British Guiana. In 1891 they numbered 4.3 % of the population. In 1902 in Honolulu, Hawaii there were 5,000 Portuguese people, mostly Madeirans. In 1910 this grew to 21,000. 1849 saw an emigration of Protestant religious exiles from Madeira to the United States, by way of Trinidad and other locations in the West Indies. Most of them settled in Illinois with financial and physical aid of the American Protestant Society, headquartered in New York City. In the late 1830s the Reverend Robert Reid Kalley, from Scotland, a Presbyterian minister as well as a physician, made a stop at Funchal, Madeira on his way to a mission in China, with his wife, so that she could recover from an illness. The Rev. Kalley and his wife stayed on Madeira where he began preaching the Protestant gospel and converting islanders from Catholicism. Eventually, the Rev. Kalley was arrested for his religious conversion activities and imprisoned. Another missionary from Scotland, William Hepburn Hewitson, took on Protestant ministerial activities in Madeira. By 1846, about 1,000 Protestant Madeirenses, who were discriminated against and the subjects of mob violence because of their religious conversions, chose to immigrate to Trinidad and other locations in the West Indies in answer for a call for sugar plantation workers. The Madeirenses exiles did not fare well in the West Indies. The tropical climate was unfamiliar and they found themselves in serious economic difficulties. By 1848, the American Protestant Society raised money and sent the Rev. Manuel J. Gonsalves, a Baptist minister and a naturalized U.S. citizen from Madeira, to work with the Rev. Arsenio da Silva, who had emigrated with the exiles from Madeira, to arrange to resettle those who wanted to come to the United States. The Rev. da Silva died in early 1849. Later in 1849, the Rev. Gonsalves was then charged with escorting the exiles from Trinidad to be settled in Sangamon and Morgan counties in Illinois on land purchased with funds raised by the American Protestant Society. Accounts state that anywhere from 700 to 1,000 exiles came to the United States at this time. There are several large Madeiran communities around the world, such as the great number in the UK, including Jersey, the Portuguese British community mostly made up of Madeirans celebrate Madeira Day. Economy The setting - up of a free trade zone has led to the installation, under more favourable conditions, of infrastructure, production shops and essential services for small and medium - sized industrial enterprises. The Madeira Free Trade Zone, also called the Madeira International Business Centre, being a tax - privileged economic area, provides an incentive for companies, offering them financial and tax advantages via a whole range of activities exercised in the Industrial Free Zone, the Off - Shore Financial Centre, the International Shipping Register organisation, and the International Service Centre. Madeira has been a significant recipient of European Union aid, totalling up to € 2 billion. In 2012, it was reported that despite a population of just 250,000, the local administration owes some € 6 billion. Tourism The manufactured coastal beach of Calheta : replacing the dark rock / sand of the volcanic island with beach sand. Tourism is an important sector in the region 's economy since it contributes 20 % to the region 's GDP, providing support throughout the year for commercial, transport and other activities and constituting a significant market for local products. The share in Gross Value Added of hotels and restaurants ( 9 % ) also highlights this phenomenon. The island of Porto Santo, with its 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) long beach and its climate, is entirely devoted to tourism. Visitors are mainly from the European Union, with German, British, Scandinavian and Portuguese tourists providing the main contingents. The average annual occupancy rate was 60.3 % in 2008, reaching its maximum in March and April, when it exceeds 70 %. Whale watching Whale watching has become very popular in recent years. Many species of dolphins such as common dolphin, spotted dolphin, striped dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, short - finned pilot whale, and whales such as Bryde 's whale, Sei whale, fin whale, sperm whale, beaked whales can be spotted near the coast or offshore. Immigration Madeira is part of the Schengen Area. In 2009, there were 7,105 legal immigrants living in Madeira Islands. They come mostly from Brazil ( 1,300 ), the United Kingdom ( 912 ), Venezuela ( 732 ) and Ukraine ( 682 ), according to Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras ( SEF ). In 2013, that number dropped to 5,829, also according to SEF. The latest figures available ( 2015 ) detail another slight drop to 5,745 ; the majority of which are from the United Kingdom ( 818 ), Brazil ( 752 ) and Venezuela ( 581 ). Renewable energy Electricity on Madeira is provided solely through EEM - Empresa de Electricidade da Madeira, SA - who hold a monopoly for the provision of electrical supply on the autonomous region - and consists largely of fossil fuels, but with a significant supply of seasonal hydroelectricity from the Levada system, wind power and a small amount of solar. In 2011, renewable energy formed 26.5 % of the electricity used in Madeira. Transport Main article : Transport in Madeira A ferry makes daily trips between Madeira and Porto Santo. The Islands have two airports, Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport and Porto Santo Airport, on the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo respectively. From Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport the most frequent flights are to Lisbon. There are also direct flights to over 30 other airports in Europe and nearby islands. Transport between the two main islands is by plane, or ferries from the Porto Santo Line, the latter also carrying vehicles. Visiting the interior of the islands is now easy thanks to construction of the Vias Rápidas, major roads built during Portugal 's economic boom. Modern roads reach all points of interest on the islands. Funchal has an extensive public transportation system. Bus companies, including Horários do Funchal which has been operating for over a hundred years, have regularly scheduled routes to all points of interest on the island. Culture Music Bailinho da Madeira Folklore music in Madeira is widespread and mainly uses local musical instruments such as the machete, rajao, brinquinho and cavaquinho, which are used in traditional folkloric dances like the bailinho da Madeira. Emigrants from Madeira also influenced the creation of new musical instruments. In the 1880s, the ukulele was created, based on two small guitar - like instruments of Madeiran origin, the cavaquinho and the rajao. The ukulele was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands by Portuguese immigrants from Madeira and Cape Verde. Three immigrants in particular, Madeiran cabinet makers Manuel Nunes, José do Espírito Santo, and Augusto Dias, are generally credited as the first ukulele makers. Two weeks after they disembarked from the SS Ravenscrag in late August 1879, the Hawaiian Gazette reported that `` Madeira Islanders recently arrived here, have been delighting the people with nightly street concerts. '' Cuisine `` Lapas '', the true limpet species Patella vulgata Because of the geographic situation of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean, the island has an abundance of fish of various kinds. The species that are consumed the most are espada ( black scabbardfish ), blue fin tuna, white marlin, blue marlin, albacore, bigeye tuna, wahoo, spearfish, skipjack tuna and many others are found in the local dishes as they are found up and down the coast of Madeira. Espada is often served with banana. Bacalhau is also popular, as it is in Portugal. There are many meat dishes on Madeira, one of the most popular being espetada. Espetada is traditionally made of large chunks of beef rubbed in garlic, salt and bay leaf and marinated for 4 to 6 hours in Madeira wine, red wine vinegar and olive oil then skewered onto a bay laurel stick and left to grill over smouldering wood chips. These are so integral a part of traditional eating habits that a special iron stand is available with a T - shaped end, each branch of the `` T '' having a slot in the middle to hold a brochette ( espeto in Portuguese ) ; a small plate is then placed underneath to collect the juices. The brochettes are very long and have a V - shaped blade in order to pierce the meat more easily. It is usually accompanied with the local bread called bolo do caco. Other popular dishes in Madeira include açorda, feijoada, carne de vinha d'alhos. Traditional pastries in Madeira usually contain local ingredients, one of the most common being mel de cana, literally `` sugarcane honey '' ( molasses ). The traditional cake of Madeira is called Bolo de Mel, which translates as ( Sugarcane ) `` Honey Cake '' and according to custom, is never cut with a knife, but broken into pieces by hand. It is a rich and heavy cake. The cake commonly well known as `` Madeira Cake '' in England also finds its naming roots in the Island of Madeira. Malasadas are a Madeiran creation which were taken around the world by emigrants to places such as Hawaii. In Madeira, Malasadas are mainly consumed during the Carnival of Madeira. Pastéis de nata, as in the rest of Portugal, are also very popular. Milho frito is a very popular dish in Madeira which is very similar to the Italian dish polenta. Açorda Madeirense is another popular local dish. Beverages Main article : Madeira wine Bottles of Madeira labelled by the different grape varieties used to produce the many styles of wine Coral Beer Madeira is a fortified wine, produced in the Madeira Islands ; varieties may be sweet or dry. It has a history dating back to the Age of Exploration when Madeira was a standard port of call for ships heading to the New World or East Indies. To prevent the wine from spoiling, neutral grape spirits were added. However, wine producers of Madeira discovered, when an unsold shipment of wine returned to the islands after a round trip, that the flavour of the wine had been transformed by exposure to heat and movement. Today, Madeira is noted for its unique winemaking process which involves heating the wine and deliberately exposing the wine to some levels of oxidation. Most countries limit the use of the term Madeira to those wines that come from the Madeira Islands, to which the European Union grants Protected Designation of Origin ( PDO ) status. A local beer called Coral is produced by the Madeira Brewery, which dates from 1872. Other alcoholic drinks are also popular in Madeira, such as the locally created Poncha, Niquita, Pé de Cabra, Aniz, as well as Portuguese drinks such as Macieira Brandy, Licor Beirão. Laranjada is a type of carbonated soft drink with an orange flavour, its name being derived from the Portuguese word laranja ( `` orange '' ). Launched in 1872 it was the first soft drink to be produced in Portugal, and remains very popular to the present day. Brisa drinks, a brand name, are also very popular and come in a range of flavours. There is also a huge coffee culture in Madeira. Like in mainland Portugal, popular coffee - based drinks include Garoto, Galão, Bica, Café com Cheirinho, Mazagran, Chinesa and many more. Sports Main article : Sport in Madeira Sister provinces Madeira Island has the following sister provinces : : Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley, Italy ( 1987 ) : Bailiwick of Jersey, British Crown Dependencies ( 1998 ) : Eastern Cape Province, South Africa : Jeju Province, South Korea ( 2007 ) : Gibraltar, British Overseas Territory ( 2009 ) Postage stamps Main article : Postage stamps and postal history of Madeira Portugal has issued postage stamps for Madeira during several periods, beginning in 1868. Notable people Cristiano Ronaldo, born in Madeira, was the 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2016 FIFA World Player of the Year Joe Berardo is a businessman, stock investor, speculator and art collector. He is also one of the wealthiest people in Portugal. The following people were either born or have lived part of their lives in Madeira : Joe Berardo, Portuguese millionaire, and art collector Rubina Berardo, Portuguese politician António de Abreu, naval officer and navigator Nadia Almada, a winner of the British reality show Big Brother Menasseh Ben Israel, Jewish Rabbi. Charles I of Austria, deposed monarch, died in exile on Madeira in 1922 Catarina Fagundes, Olympic athlete for windsurf Vânia Fernandes, Portuguese singer who represented Portugal in Eurovision 2008 José Vicente de Freitas, military general and politician Vasco da Gama Rodrigues, poet, born in Paul do Mar Teodósio Clemente de Gouveia, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church George Walter Grabham, geologist Herberto Hélder, poet Moisés Henriques, former Australian Under - 19 Captain and current NSW Blues and Australian international Twenty20 cricketer Alberto João Jardim, second President of the Regional Government Luís Jardim, producer of music Paul Langerhans, German pathologist and biologist Fátima Lopes, fashion designer Jaime Ornelas Camacho, first and former President of the Regional Government Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, former Archbishop of the former Portuguese colonial enclave Goa ( in India ) Lloyd Mathews, British naval officer, politician and abolitionist Dionísio Pestana, president of the Pestana Group Rigo 23, artist João Rodrigues, Olympic windsurfer Cristiano Ronaldo, Real Madrid, Portugal and former Manchester United football player John Santos, photographer Ana da Silva, founding member of the post-punk band The Raincoats Pedro Macedo Camacho, composer Flávia Brito, Miss Universo Portugal 2016, beauty pageant Manoel Dias Soeyro or Menasseh Ben Israel ( 1604 -- 1657 ), Sephardi Rabbi and publisher Artur de Sousa Pinga, former CS Marítimo and FC Porto football player Maximiano de Sousa ( Max ), popular singer, born in Funchal Virgílio Teixeira, actor José Travassos Valdez, 1st Count of Bonfim, governor during 1827 -- 1828 Miguel Albuquerque, third and current President of the Regional Government Bernardo Sousa, rally driver in the WRC See also `` Have Some Madeira M'Dear '' List of birds of Madeira Madeira Islands Open, an annual European Tour golf tournament Surfing in Madeira Ribeiro Frio, a village on the island of Madeira Portugal portal Geography portal References Notes Jump up ^ http://www.ine.pt/scripts/flex_v10/Main.html Jump up ^ Until 2002, the Portuguese escudo was used in financial transactions, and until 1910 the Portuguese real was the currency used by the monarchy of Portugal. ^ Jump up to : `` Regiões de Portugal ''. AICEP. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Jump up ^ INE, ed. ( 2010 ), Censos 2011 - Resultadas Preliminares ( 2011 Census - Preliminary Results ) ( in Portuguese ), Lisbon, Portugal : Instituto Nacional de Estatística, retrieved 1 July 2011 Jump up ^ IGP, ed. ( 2010 ), Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal ( in Portuguese ), Lisbon, Portugal : Instituto Geográfico Português, archived from the original on 21 May 2011, retrieved 1 July 2011 Jump up ^ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12002E299:EN:HTML Jump up ^ `` Hotelaria da Madeira suaviza quebras em 2010 apesar de impacto devastador dos temporais ''. presstur.com. October 2, 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` A Guinness World Record Fireworks Show -- Madeira Island, 2006 - 2007 New Year Eve at Wayfaring Travel Guide ''. Wayfaring.info. Retrieved 16 September 2011. Jump up ^ `` Madeira welcomes most cruisers ''. The Portugal News. Retrieved 12 March 2013. Jump up ^ `` New Eurostat website - Eurostat ''. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Jump up ^ Plutarch, The Parallel Lives : Sertorius, ch. 8 Jump up ^ World Archaeology, Issue 66, August / September 2014, Volume 6, No. 6, page 64. Jump up ^ Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt Pitta, 1812, p. 11 - 17 Jump up ^ Fernández - Armesto, Felipe ( 2004 ). `` Machim ( supp. fl. 14th cent. ) ''. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford : Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093 / ref : odnb / 17535. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Jump up ^ Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt Pitta, 1812, p. 20 Jump up ^ The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by Gomes Eanes de Zurara in Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné. ( Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1896 -- 1899 : The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of Guinea. ) French author Arkan Simaan refers to these discoveries in his historical novel based on Azurara 's Chronicle : L'Écuyer d'Henri le Navigateur ( 2007 ), published by Éditions l'Harmattan, Paris. Jump up ^ Dervenn, Claude ( 1957 ). Madeira. Translated by Hogarth - Gaute, Frances. London, UK : George G. Harrap and Co. p. 20. OCLC 645870163. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 07. And when he returned in May 1420 to take possession of `` his '' island, it was with his wife and the sons and daughters that the virtuous Constanga had given him. Jump up ^ Alfred W. Crosby ( 6 October 2015 ). Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900 -- 1900 ( 2 ed. ). Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978 - 1 - 107 - 56987 - 4. Jump up ^ Ponting, Clive ( 2000 ) ( 2000 ). World history : a new perspective. London : Chatto & Windus. p. 482. ISBN 0 - 7011 - 6834 - X. Jump up ^ Godinho, V.M. Os Descobrimentos ea Economia Mundial, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa Jump up ^ Fernando Augusto da Silva & Carlos Azevedo de Menezes, `` Porto Santo '', Elucidário Madeirense, vol. 3 ( O-Z ), Funchal, DRAC, p. 124. Jump up ^ Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters : White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500 -- 1800. Robert Davis ( 2004 ). p. 7. ISBN 1 - 4039 - 4551 - 9. Jump up ^ `` Officer 's presentation sword given to Brigadier General William Henry Clinton from the British Consul and Factory in Madeira, 1802 ''. National Army Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2016. Jump up ^ `` GORDON, Sir James Willoughby, 1st bt. ( 1772 - 1851 ), of Niton, I.o.W ''. UK Parliament. Retrieved 15 August 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Map Room : Africa : Madeira ''. British Empire. Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ `` Cable ship Dacia ''. Ships hit by U-boats - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010. Jump up ^ Glover, Bill ( 10 July 2015 ). `` CS Dacia ''. History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications. Retrieved 7 June 2016. Jump up ^ `` Submarine carrier Kanguroo ''. Ships hit by U-boats - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010. Jump up ^ `` Gunboat Surprise ''. Ships hit by U-boats - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010. Jump up ^ `` A bit of History ''. Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 16. Jump up ^ Valentiner, Max ( 1917 ). 300000 tonnen versenkt ! Meine U-boots - fahrten ( 50. bis 100. tausend. ed. ). Berlin : Ullstein & co. p. 118. Retrieved 27 January 2017. Jump up ^ The New York Times, 6 November 1921 ( accessed 4 May 2009 ) Jump up ^ `` Denguekuume leviää Madeiralla ( ' Dengue Fever Spreads In Madeira ' ) ''. YLE.fi. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012. Jump up ^ `` Dengue Fever in Madeira, Portugal ''. WHO. 17 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012. Jump up ^ `` Dengue outbreak in Madeira controlled ''. Retrieved 11 April 2013. Jump up ^ Minder, Raphael ( August 11, 2016 ). `` Deadly Wildfires on Portuguese Island of Madeira Reach Its Largest City ''. nytimes.com. Retrieved August 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Madeira Islands Tourism ''. Madeiraislands.travel. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ Ribeiro et al., 1996 Jump up ^ Kullberg & Kullberg, 2000 Jump up ^ Geldemacher et al., 2000 Jump up ^ Ribeiro, 2001 ^ Jump up to : `` Madeira ''. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Jump up ^ `` MadeiraHelp.com ''. MadeiraHelp.com. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ Robert White, 1851, p. 4 Jump up ^ `` World Map of Köppen − Geiger Climate Classification ''. Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Jump up ^ `` Lava Pools ''. tripadvisor.com. Jump up ^ `` Weather Information for Funchal ''. Jump up ^ `` Funchal, Madeira Climate, Temperature, Average Weather History, Rainfall / Precipitation, Sunshine ''. Jump up ^ Riebeek, Holli. `` Fires in Madeira, Portugal ''. Earth Observatory. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 8 September 2013. Jump up ^ Sapa - DPA ( 16 August 2010 ). `` Wildfires ravage Portuguese nature parks ''. IOL News. Retrieved 8 September 2013. Fires that had raged there in the recent days had devastated 95 percent of Funchal Ecological Park, destroying a decade of efforts to replant indigenous species in the area measuring 1 000 hectares, the daily Publico quoted environmentalists as saying. Jump up ^ `` Fires ravage Madeira islands and mainland Portugal ''. Reuters. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2013... Jump up ^ Scott, Michon. `` Madeira Wildfires ''. Earth Observatory. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 8 September 2013. Jump up ^ Miller, Shari ( 20 July 2012 ). `` Holiday resorts under threat as towering walls of flame ravage Madeira islands ''. Daily Mail. Retrieved 8 September 2013. Dds. Jump up ^ `` Portugal 's Madeira hit by forest fires ''. BBC News. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2013. ces. Jump up ^ Porter, Tom ( 17 August 2013 ). `` Hospital Evacuated as Fire Rages on Madeira ''. IBTimes UK. Retrieved 8 September 2013... Jump up ^ `` Wildfire inferno forces hospital and homes to be evacuated on Portuguese island Madeira ''. euronews. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013... Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37030217 Jump up ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/10/three-dead-including-elderly-woman-as-wildfire-hits-island-of-ma/ Jump up ^ Góis - Marques, Carlos A. ; Madeira, José ; Menezes de Sequeira, Miguel ( 7 February 2017 ). `` Inventory and review of the Mio -- Pleistocene São Jorge flora ( Madeira Island, Portugal ) : palaeoecological and biogeographical implications ''. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology : 1 -- 19. doi : 10.1080 / 14772019.2017. 1282991. Jump up ^ Fernandes, F. ( 2011 ). `` Jasminum azoricum ''. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Retrieved 8 January 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Censos 2011 Resultados Preliminares 2011 ''. INE. Jump up ^ Map of municipalities at FreguesiasDePortugas l.com Jump up ^ Statistics include Savage Islands, which are administered by the parish of Sé Jump up ^ Statistics include the mainland parish of Santa Cruz and the islands of the Desertas Jump up ^ Statistics represent island population ; Porto Santo is the second largest island in the archipelago of Madeira Jump up ^ `` Alberto Vieira, ' ' O Infante ea Madeira : dúvidas e certezas, Centro Estudos História Atlântico ''. Ceha-madeira.net. Archived from the original on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ `` Madeiran Portuguese Migration to Guyana, St. Vincent, Antigua and Trinidad : A Comparative Overview '' ( PDF ). Jo - Anne S. Ferreira, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Jump up ^ `` Madeira and Emigration '' Jump up ^ `` Portuguese emigration from Madeira to British Guiana '' Jump up ^ `` Portuguese Immigrants in the United States : Chronology, 1900 - 1919 ''. Library of Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Protestant Exiles from Madeira in Illinois ''. loc.gov. Jump up ^ `` Portuguese Immigration To Jacksonville In 1849 ''. orgsites.com. Jump up ^ `` History of Sangamon County, Illinois ''. google.com. Jump up ^ `` Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois ''. google.com. Jump up ^ `` The Christian World ''. google.com. Jump up ^ `` BBC -- Jersey Voices '' Jump up ^ `` International Business Centre of Madeira - About IBC ''. ibc-madeira.com. Jump up ^ `` Billions of euros of EU money yet Madeira has built up massive debts ''. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Jump up ^ `` Telegraph article ''. www.telegraph.co.uk. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 8 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Statistics from DRE of Madeira tourism ( 2008 ) '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis off Madeira, Portugal. YouTube. 3 January 2013. Jump up ^ `` Madeira whale and Dolphin watching ''. www.madeirawindbirds.com. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` SEFSTAT -- Portal de Estatística ''. Sefstat.sef.pt. Retrieved 30 July 2010. Jump up ^ http://www.apca.pt/publicacoes/6/paper64.pdf Jump up ^ `` Madeira > Departures > Destinations and Airlines > Destinations and Airlines ''. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Jump up ^ Administrator. `` Porto Santo Line ''. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Jump up ^ Nidel, Richard ( 2004 ). World Music : The Basics. Routledge. p. 312. ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 96800 - 3. Jump up ^ Roberts, Helen ( 1926 ). Ancient Hawaiian Music. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. pp. 9 -- 10. Jump up ^ King, John ( 2000 ). `` Prolegomena to a History of the ' Ukulele ''. Ukulele Guild of Hawai'i. Archived from the original on 3 August 2004. Retrieved February 2, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Madeira Espetada ''. theworldwidegourmet.com. Retrieved 30 August 2010. Jump up ^ T. Stevenson `` The Sotheby 's Wine Encyclopedia '' pg 340 -- 341 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0 - 7566 - 1324 - 8 Jump up ^ `` Labelling of wine and certain other wine sector products ''. Europa.eu. Retrieved 12 March 2013. Jump up ^ http://www.cm-funchal.pt/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210%3Agibraltar&catid=79%3Asister-cities&Itemid=331 Bibliography Pitta, Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt ( 1812 ). Account of the Island of Madeira. London, UK : C. Stewart Printer. Koebel, William Henry ( 1909 ). Madeira : old and new. London, UK : Francis Griffiths. Dervenn, Claude ( 1957 ). Madeira. Translated by Hogarth - Gaute, Frances. London, UK : George G. Harrap and Co. Walvin, James ( 2000 ). Making the Black Atlantic : Britain and the African Diaspora. London, UK : Cassell. External links Find more aboutMadeiraat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Learning resources from Wikiversity Wikimedia Atlas of Madeira Madeira 's Government Website Madeira at DMOZ Geographic locale Statistical divisions of Portugal Norte Region Metropolitan areas Porto Intermunicipal communities Alto Minho Alto Tâmega Ave Cávado Douro Tâmega e Sousa Terras de Trás - os - Montes Centro Region Intermunicipal communities Beira Baixa Beiras e Serra da Estrela Médio Tejo Oeste Região de Aveiro Região de Coimbra Região de Leiria Viseu Dão Lafões Lisboa Region Metropolitan areas Lisbon Alentejo Region Intermunicipal communities Alentejo Litoral Alentejo Central Alto Alentejo Baixo Alentejo Lezíria do Tejo Algarve Region Intermunicipal communities Algarve Autonomous Regions Azores Madeira All these divisions are further subdivided into municipalities and parishes. Districts and autonomous regions of Portugal Districts Aveiro Beja Braga Bragança Castelo Branco Coimbra Évora Faro Guarda Leiria Lisboa Portalegre Porto Santarém Setúbal Viana do Castelo Vila Real Viseu Autonomous regions Azores Madeira Countries and territories of North Africa Sovereign states Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Partially recognized state Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Territories Morocco / SADR Western Sahara Spain Canary Islands Ceuta Melilla Alborán Alhucemas Chafarinas Vélez de la Gomera Portugal Madeira Savage Islands Sudan / Egypt Hala'ib Triangle Wadi Halfa Salient Bir Tawil Sudan / South Sudan Abyei Kafia Kingi Italy Pantelleria Pelagie Islands Libya / Chad Aouzou Strip Morocco / Spain Perejil Entirely claimed by both Morocco and the SADR. Spanish exclaves claimed by Morocco. Portuguese archipelago claimed by Spain. Disputed between Sudan and Egypt. Terra nullius located between Egypt and Sudan. Disputed between Sudan and South Sudan. Part of Chad, formerly claimed by Libya. Disputed between Morocco and Spain International membership Outlying territories of European countries Territories under European sovereignty but closer to or on continents other than Europe ( see inclusion criteria for further information ). Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Adélie Land Crozet Islands Île Amsterdam Île Saint - Paul Kerguelen Islands Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Réunion Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Italy Pantelleria Pelagie Islands Lampedusa Lampione Linosa Netherlands Aruba Caribbean Netherlands Bonaire Saba Sint Eustatius Curaçao Sint Maarten Norway Bouvet Island Peter I Island Queen Maud Land Portugal Azores Madeira Spain Canary Islands Ceuta Melilla Plazas de soberanía Chafarinas Islands Alhucemas Islands Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera United Kingdom Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Portuguese overseas empire North Africa 15th century 1415 -- 1640 Ceuta 1458 -- 1550 Alcácer Ceguer ( El Qsar es Seghir ) 1471 -- 1550 Arzila ( Asilah ) 1471 -- 1662 Tangier 1485 -- 1550 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1487 -- 16th century Ouadane 1488 -- 1541 Safim ( Safi ) 1489 Graciosa 16th century 1505 -- 1541 Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué ( Agadir ) 1506 -- 1525 Mogador ( Essaouira ) 1506 -- 1525 Aguz ( Souira Guedima ) 1506 -- 1769 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1513 -- 1541 Azamor ( Azemmour ) 1515 -- 1541 São João da Mamora ( Mehdya ) 1577 -- 1589 Arzila ( Asilah ) Sub-Saharan Africa 15th century 1455 -- 1633 Anguim 1462 -- 1975 Cape Verde 1470 -- 1975 São Tomé 1471 -- 1975 Príncipe 1474 -- 1778 Annobón 1478 -- 1778 Fernando Poo ( Bioko ) 1482 -- 1637 Elmina ( São Jorge da Mina ) 1482 -- 1642 Portuguese Gold Coast 1508 -- 1547 Madagascar 1498 -- 1540 Mascarene Islands 16th century 1500 -- 1630 Malindi 1501 -- 1975 Portuguese Mozambique 1502 -- 1659 Saint Helena 1503 -- 1698 Zanzibar 1505 -- 1512 Quíloa ( Kilwa ) 1506 -- 1511 Socotra 1557 -- 1578 Accra 1575 -- 1975 Portuguese Angola 1588 -- 1974 Cacheu 1593 -- 1698 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 17th century 1645 -- 1888 Ziguinchor 1680 -- 1961 São João Baptista de Ajudá 1687 -- 1974 Bissau 18th century 1728 -- 1729 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 1753 -- 1975 Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 19th century 1879 -- 1974 Portuguese Guinea 1885 -- 1974 Portuguese Congo Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. Or 1600. A factory ( Anosy Region ) and small temporary coastal bases. Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879. Part of Portuguese Angola from the 1920s. Middle East ( Persian Gulf ) 16th century 1506 -- 1615 Gamru ( Bandar Abbas ) 1507 -- 1643 Sohar 1515 -- 1622 Hormuz ( Ormus ) 1515 -- 1648 Quriyat 1515 -- ? Qalhat 1515 -- 1650 Muscat 1515 ? -- ? Barka 1515 -- 1633 ? Julfar ( Ras al - Khaimah ) 1521 -- 1602 Bahrain ( Muharraq Manama ) 1521 -- 1529 ? Qatif 1521 ? -- 1551 ? Tarut Island 1550 -- 1551 Qatif 1588 -- 1648 Matrah 17th century 1620 -- ? Khor Fakkan 1621 ? -- ? As Sib 1621 -- 1622 Qeshm 1623 -- ? Khasab 1623 -- ? Libedia 1624 -- ? Kalba 1624 -- ? Madha 1624 -- 1648 Dibba Al - Hisn 1624 ? -- ? Bandar - e Kong Indian subcontinent 15th century 1498 -- 1545 Laccadive Islands ( Lakshadweep ) 16th century Portuguese India 1500 -- 1663 Cochim ( Kochi ) 1501 -- 1663 Cannanore ( Kannur ) 1502 -- 1658 1659 -- 1661 Quilon ( Coulão / Kollam ) 1502 -- 1661 Pallipuram ( Cochin de Cima ) 1507 -- 1657 Negapatam ( Nagapatnam ) 1510 -- 1961 Goa 1512 -- 1525 1750 Calicut ( Kozhikode ) 1518 -- 1619 Portuguese Paliacate outpost ( Pulicat ) 1521 -- 1740 Chaul ( Portuguese India ) 1523 -- 1662 Mylapore 1528 -- 1666 Chittagong ( Porto Grande De Bengala ) 1531 -- 1571 Chaul 1531 -- 1571 Chalé 1534 -- 1601 Salsette Island 1534 -- 1661 Bombay ( Mumbai ) 1535 Ponnani 1535 -- 1739 Baçaím ( Vasai - Virar ) 1536 -- 1662 Cranganore ( Kodungallur ) 1540 -- 1612 Surat 1548 -- 1658 Tuticorin ( Thoothukudi ) 1559 -- 1961 Daman and Diu 1568 -- 1659 Mangalore ( Portuguese India ) 1579 -- 1632 Hugli 1598 -- 1610 Masulipatnam ( Machilipatnam ) 1518 -- 1521 Maldives 1518 -- 1658 Portuguese Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) 1558 -- 1573 Maldives 17th century Portuguese India 1687 -- 1749 Mylapore 18th century Portuguese India 1779 -- 1954 Dadra and Nagar Haveli East Asia and Oceania 16th century 1511 -- 1641 Portuguese Malacca ( Malaysia ) 1512 -- 1621 Maluku ( Indonesia ) 1522 -- 1575 Ternate 1576 -- 1605 Ambon 1578 -- 1650 Tidore 1512 -- 1665 Makassar 1557 -- 1999 Macau ( China ) 1580 -- 1586 Nagasaki ( Japan ) 17th century 1642 -- 1975 Portuguese Timor ( East Timor ) 19th century Portuguese Macau 1864 -- 1999 Coloane 1851 -- 1999 Taipa 1890 -- 1999 Ilha Verde 20th century Portuguese Macau 1938 -- 1941 Lapa and Montanha ( Hengqin ) 1975 is the year of East Timor 's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor 's independence was fully recognized. North America & North Atlantic 15th century ( Atlantic islands ) 1420 Madeira 1432 Azores 16th century ( Canada ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Terra Nova ( Newfoundland ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Labrador 1516 -- 1579 ? Nova Scotia South America & Antilles 16th century 1500 -- 1822 Brazil 1534 -- 1549 Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 1549 -- 1572 Brazil 1572 -- 1578 Bahia 1572 -- 1578 Rio de Janeiro 1578 -- 1607 Brazil 1621 -- 1815 Brazil 1536 -- 1620 Barbados 17th century 1621 -- 1751 Maranhão 1680 -- 1777 Nova Colónia do Sacramento 18th century 1751 -- 1772 Grão - Pará and Maranhão 1772 -- 1775 Grão - Pará and Rio Negro 1772 -- 1775 Maranhão and Piauí 19th century 1808 -- 1822 Cisplatina ( Uruguay ) 1809 -- 1817 Portuguese Guiana ( Amapá ) 1822 Upper Peru ( Bolivia ) Coats of arms of Portuguese colonies Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Portuguese colonial architecture Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia Portuguese colonization of the Americas Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia Outermost regions of European Union states Portugal Azores Madeira Spain Canary Islands France French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Saint Barthélemy Saint - Martin Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeira&oldid=804666715 '' Categories : Madeira Madeira Island 1420s establishments in the Portuguese Empire 1976 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 1976 establishments in Portugal Autonomous Regions of Portugal Integral overseas territories Islands of Macaronesia North Africa NUTS 2 statistical regions of Portugal Outermost regions of the European Union Populated places established in the 1420s States and territories established in 1976 Volcanoes of Portugal Wine regions of Portugal Hidden categories : CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) Webarchive template wayback links Articles needing additional references from April 2015 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from August 2010 Articles containing Portuguese - language text Coordinates on Wikidata Geobox usage tracking for region type All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015 Articles with DMOZ links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Estremeñu Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Gagauz Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Interlingue Ирон IsiZulu Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Kaszëbsczi Kernowek Kiswahili Кырык мары Latina Latviešu Ligure Limburgs Magyar Македонски Malagasy मराठी მარგალური مصرى Bahasa Melayu Mirandés Nederlands Nedersaksies 日本 語 Nordfriisk Norsk Norsk nynorsk Novial Occitan پنجابی Patois Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла Sámegiella Sardu Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray Yorùbá 粵語 Zazaki 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 10 October 2017, at 12 : 11. 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Question: where is madeira located on the world map
Answer: in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal