Election Commission of India - Wikipedia Election Commission of India This article is about the body which oversees elections in India. For similar title in other jurisdictions, see Election Commission. This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia 's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. ( July 2017 ) Election Commission of India The official logo Election Commission of India Commission overview Formed 25 January 1950 ( Later celebrated as National Voters Day ) Jurisdiction India Headquarters Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi 28 ° 37 ′ 26 '' N 77 ° 12 ′ 41 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 28.623902 ° N 77.21140000000003 ° E ﻿ / 28.623902 ; 77.21140000000003 Coordinates : 28 ° 37 ′ 26 '' N 77 ° 12 ′ 41 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 28.623902 ° N 77.21140000000003 ° E ﻿ / 28.623902 ; 77.21140000000003 Employees Around 300 Commission executives Om Prakash Rawat, IAS, Chief Election Commissioner of India Sunil Arora, IAS, Election Commissioner of India Ashok Lavasa, IAS, Election Commissioner of India Website Official Website India This article is part of a series on the politics and government of India Constitution and law Constitutional amendment Basic structure doctrine Fundamental rights Human rights -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 Uniform civil code Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Indian Penal Code Law enforcement Government of India President ( Head of state ) ( List ) Vice president ( List ) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Executive : Prime minister ( Head of government ) ( List ) Union Council of Ministers Cabinet secretary Secretaries : ( Defence Finance Foreign Home ) Civil services All India Services ( IAS IFoS IPS ) Central Civil Services ( IRS IFS IA&AS IPoS IRAS IRTS IRPS ICAS IDAS IDES ICLS IIS ITrS IP&TAFS IOFS ) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Legislature : Parliament Rajya Sabha ( Chairman ) Lok Sabha ( Speaker ) Judiciary : Supreme court ( Chief justice ) High courts ( Chief justices ) District courts Elections Election commission : Chief Election Commissioner ( Election commissioners ) Recent general elections : 2009 2014 2019 Recent state elections : 2017 2018 2019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Political parties National parties State parties National coalitions : National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) United Progressive Alliance ( UPA ) Federalism Administrative divisions -- -- -- -- -- -- -- State governments Governors ( List ) Chief ministers ( List ) Chief secretary ( Principal secretaries ) Field - level officers Divisional commissioners District magistrates Sub-divisional magistrates Legislatures : Vidhan Sabha Vidhan Parishad -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Local governments : Rural bodies : District councils Block panchayats Gram Panchayats Urban bodies : Municipal corporations Municipal councils Nagar panchayats Other countries Atlas Part of the Politics series Elections Basic types By - election ( special election ) Corporate Direct / Indirect Fixed - term General Local Mid-term Plurality Primary Proportional Recall Show Snap Sortition ( allotment ) Two - round ( runoff ) Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits Boundary delimitation ( redistricting ) Crossover voting Election silence Gerrymandering Cash For Vote Initiative Psephology ( electoral study and analysis ) Secret ballot Suffrage Subseries Political party Voting Electoral systems Lists Elections by country Close elections Most recent Next general elections Electoral calendars for 2018 National Local Related Criticisms of electoral politics Election security Electoral fraud Referendum ( by country ) Politics portal The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country 's higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Removal from office 2 Functions 3 Modernisation 4 Criticism 5 2017 Hackathon 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Structure See also : Chief Election Commissioner of India and Election Commissioner of India Originally in 1950, the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. Two additional Commissioners were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, ending on 1 January 1990. The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989 made the commission a multi-member body. The concept of a 3 - member Commission has been in operation since then, with the decisions being made by a majority vote. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances as per with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners ( Conditions of Service ) Rules, 1992. The commission is served by its secretariat located in New Delhi. The Election Commissioners are assisted by Deputy Election Commissioners, who are generally IAS officers. They are further assisted by Directors General, Principal Secretaries, and Secretaries and Under Secretaries. At the state level, Election Commission is assisted by the Chief Electoral Officer of the State, who is an IAS officer of Principal Secretary rank. At the district and constituency levels, the District Magistrates ( in their capacity as District Election Officers ), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work. Removal from office The Chief Election Commissioner of India can be removed from his office similar to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court of India which requires a resolution passed by the Parliament with a two - thirds majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity. Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. A Chief Election Commissioner has never been impeached in India. In 2009, just before the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami sent a recommendation to President Prathibha Patil to remove Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who was soon to take office as the chief election commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, citing his partisan behavior in favor of one political party. The President opined that such a recommendation is not binding on the president, and hence rejected it. Subsequently, after Gopalswami 's retirement the next month, Chawla became the chief election commissioner and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. Functions See also : Election Commission of India 's Model Code of Conduct One of the most important features of the democratic policy is elections at regular intervals. Holding periodic, free and fair elections are essentials of a democratic system and a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country. In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner. The commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 for the 5th Lok Sabha elections and revised it from time to time. It lays down guidelines for the conduct of political parties and candidates during an election period. However, there have been instances of violation of the code by various political parties with complaints being received for misuse of official machinery by the candidates. The code does not have any specific statutory basis but only a persuasive effect. It contains the rules of electoral morality. However, this lack of statutory backing does not prevent the commission from enforcing it. A law regarding the registration process for political parties was enacted in 1989 and a number of parties got registered with the commission. The registration helps avoid confusion ensures that the political parties are brought under the purview of the commission. The election commission has the right to allow symbols to the political parties. It gives recognition to the national parties, state parties and regional parties. It set limits on poll expenses. The commission prepare electoral rolls and update the voter 's list from time to time. Notifications of dates and schedules of election for filing nominations are issued by the commission. It is noteworthy that Election commission can not allot same symbol to two regional political parties even if they are not in the same state. The commission can issue an order for prohibition of publication and disseminating of results of opinion polls or exit polls to prevent influencing the voting trends in the electorate. To curb the growing influence of money during elections, the Election Commission has made many suggestions and changes in this regard. The commission has appointed IRS officers of the Income Tax Department as Election Observers ( Expenditure ) of all elections and has fixed the legal limits on the amount of money which a candidate can spend during election campaigns. These limits have been revised over time. The Election Commission, by appointing expenditure observers from the Indian Revenue Service, keeps an eye on the individual account of election expenditure. The commission takes details of the candidate 's assets on affidavit at the time of submitting nomination paper, who are also required to give details of their expenditure within 30 days of the declaration of results. The campaign period has also been reduced by the commission from 21 to 14 days for Lok Sabha and Assembly elections to cut down election expenditure. In an attempt to decriminalise politics, the Election Commission has approached the Supreme Court to put a lifetime ban on convicted politicians from contesting elections. Modernisation The Election Commission had tried to bring improvements in election procedures by the introduction of Electronic voting machines or EVMs. It was thought that these would reduce malpractices and improve efficiency. It was first tried out on an experimental basis in the state of Kerala for the 1982 Legislative Assembly Elections. After a successful testing and the legal inquiries, the commission took the decision to begin the use of these voting machines. The Election Commission launched a web site of its own on 28 February 1998 in order to provide accurate information, management, administration and instant results of the elections. In an effort to prevent electoral fraud, in 1993, EPICs or Electors Photo Identity Cards were issued, which became mandatory by the 2004 elections. However ration cards have been allowed for election purposes in certain situations. In 1998, the commission decided on a programme for the ' computerisation ' of the electoral rolls. The introduction of Voter - verified paper audit trail ( VVPAT ) in eight Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014 Indian General Elections was a big achievement for the Election Commission. This Voter - verified paper audit trail ( VVPAT ) system was first used with EVMs in a by - poll in September 2013 in Noksen ( Assembly Constituency ) in Nagaland. and eventually in all elections from September 2013 onwards in various Legislative elections in the country. NOTA symbol in India In 2014, None of the above or NOTA was also added as an option on the voting machines which is now a mandatory option to be provided in any election. The specific symbol for NOTA, a ballot paper with a black cross across it, was introduced on 18 September 2015. The symbol has been designed by National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad. With the Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, the state became the first to have photo electoral rolls, with photographs of the candidates on the EVMs. Criticism The Election Commission of India came under severe criticism when an RTI application filed by activist Dr Satendra Singh revealed the commission 's ill - preparedness to safeguard electors with disabilities in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. There were many violations of the Supreme Court order from 2014 to enfranchise persons with disabilities. 2017 hackathon Election Commission organised an open hackathon on 3 June at 10 am, to attempt hacking of Electronic Voting Machine used by the commission in various Indian elections. The NCP and CPI ( M ) were the only two parties that registered for the event but none of them participated. Functioning of EVMs and VVPAT machines were demonstrated to the teams. See also Chief Election Commissioner of India Election Commissioners of India Elections in India India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management ( IIIDEM ) Lawmaking procedure in India References Jump up ^ `` Contact Us ''. Election Commission of India. Retrieved January 10, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` About ECI ''. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952 ( Act No. 31 of 1952 ) '' ( PDF ). Election Commission of India. 14 March 1952. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Part XV of the Constitution of India - Elections - Article 324 '' ( PDF ). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Representation of the People Act, 1951 '' ( PDF ). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Election Commission ( Conditions of Service of Election Commissioners and Transaction of Business ) Act, 1991 ( Act No. 11 of 1991 ) '' ( PDF ). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. 25 January 1991. Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Laxmikanth, M ( 2017 ). Indian Polity. McGraw Hill. p. 42.5. ISBN 9789352603633. Jump up ^ Ram, N. ( 31 January 2009 ). `` Chief Election Commissioner Gopalaswami ' recommends ' removal of Navin Chawla ''. The Hindu. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` President rejects Gopalaswami 's report against Navin Chawla ''. The Hindu. 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` A job well done ''. The Hindu. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Chhibber, Maneesh ( 5 November 2015 ). `` Model Code is only moral code, but carries weight ''. The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Joyita ( 14 April 2014 ). `` Model Code of Conduct and the 2014 General Elections ''. PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 9 September 2017. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Iqbal, Aadil Ikram Zaki ( 4 January 2017 ). `` UP poll dates announced, results on March 11 ''. India. Essel Group. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Election Commission enforces model code of conduct in Manipur ''. Hindustan Times. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Sharma, Test ( 10 October 2007 ). `` Gujarat, Himachal get dates for Assembly polls ''. News18. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Registration of political parties under section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 '' ( PDF ). Election Commission of India. 23 March 1992. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Handbook of Symbols, 2004 '' ( PDF ). Election Commission of India. 2004. Clause 9. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Subject - Guidelines for Publication and Dissemination of Results of Opinion Polls / Exit Polls ''. Election Commission of India. 20 January 1998. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Election Commission bans exit polls in election - bound states ''. The Times of India. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Chopra, Ritika ( 16 February 2017 ). `` Exit polls and why they are restricted by the panel : All your questions answered ''. The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Kumar, Pradeep ( 23 March 2017 ). `` RK Nagar byelection : Observers appointed ''. The Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Deployment of observers in RK Nagar a new national record : Election Commission ''. The New Indian Express. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Chandrakant, Nagnath ( 29 April 2010 ). `` Role Of Election Commission ''. Legal Services India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Function ( Electoral System ) ''. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Anand, Utkarsh ( 21 March 2017 ). `` Election Commission supports lifetime ban on convicts from contesting ''. The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Rautray, Samanwaya ( 15 September 2016 ). `` Lifetime ban on convicted netas : Supreme Court seeks Center, Election Commission 's views ''. The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` A Constitutional Body ''. Election Commission of India. Jump up ^ `` When using ration card as identity proof, entire family should vote ''. The Indian Express. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` India devises flawless ballot mechanism ''. The News International. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Singh, Bikash ( 4 September 2013 ). `` VVPAT used or the first time in Noksen bypolls ''. The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Joshua, Anita ( 13 October 2013 ). `` Election Commission okays NOTA option ''. The Hindu. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` NOTA to be provided in general elections ''. The Times of India. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Now, ' NOTA ' has an electoral symbol too ''. Daily News and Analysis. 18 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Jain, Bharti ( 18 September 2015 ). `` ' None of the Above ' option on EVMS to carry its own symbol from Bihar polls ''. The Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Shivadekar, Sanjeev ( 30 March 2015 ). `` Now, photos of candidates on EVMs to weed out ' dummies ' ''. Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Virk, Aviral ( 21 September 2015 ). `` Contesting the Bihar Polls ? Dummy Candidates Beware ''. The Quint. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ Gohain, Manash Pratim ( 27 January 2014 ). `` Polls near, but no data of voters with disabilities ''. Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` विकलांगों के लिए गंभीर नहीं चुनाव आयोग '' ( Election Commission not serious about persons with disablities ). Punjab Kesari ( in Hindi ). 26 January 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2017. CS1 maint : Unrecognized language ( link ) Jump up ^ `` AAP calls EC 's EVM challenge ' farce ', begins registration for its hackathon ''. The Economic Times. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Prabhu, Sunil ( 3 June 2017 ). Tikku, Aloke, ed. `` The EVM ( Vote Machine ) ' Hackathons ' That Were n't : 10 Points ''. NDTV. Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` EVM ' hackathon ' challenge : NCP, CPM did n't participate, but understood the process, says EC ''. Firstpost. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. External links Official website Links to Official Web Sites of Chief Electoral Officers of 28 States and 7 UTs ECI 's Online Voters List Options : ' Voter Name ' search Parliamentary, Assembly constituency wise. Also one can get full Electoral Rolls ' Voting Booth ' wise. Indian commissions Permanent Agricultural Costs and Prices Agriculture Atomic Energy Backward Classes Cattle Competition Consumer Disputes Redressal Cooperation with UNESCO Delimitation Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes Election Electricity Regulation Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector Farmers Finance Forward Markets Human Resources for Health Human Rights Investment Knowledge Labour Law Minorities Minority Educational Institutions Pay Planning Protection of Child Rights Public Service Railway Safety Safai Karamcharis Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Statistics University Grants Women Vigilance Ad hoc Administrative Reforms Gadgil Kalelkar Kapur Khosla Laththa Commission Liberhan Mandal Mukherjee Nanavati Narendran Ranganath Misra ( Minorities ) Sarkaria Shah States Reorganisation Category List Chief Election Commissioners of India Sukumar Sen Kalyan Sundaram S.P. Sen Verma Nagendra Singh T. Swaminathan S.L. 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Brahma Nasim Zaidi Achal Kumar Jyoti Om Prakash Rawat Elections in India General elections 1920 1923 1926 1930 1934 1945 1951 -- 52 1957 1962 1967 1971 1977 1980 1984 1989 1991 1998 1999 2009 2014 2019 State elections 1920 1923 1926 1930 1934 1937 1946 1952 1954 1955 1957 1960 1961 1962 1964 1965 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1977 1978 1979 1980 1982 1984 1985 1989 2017 2018 2019 See also : Elections in Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal National election commissions Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Comoros DR Congo Egypt Ethiopia Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zimbabwe Americas Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Jamaica Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru United States Uruguay Venezuela Asia Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia East Timor Hong Kong India Indonesia Iraq Iran EO GC Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Palestinian territories Philippines South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Turkey Europe Abkhazia Albania Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Georgia Hungary Iceland Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Malta Moldova Norway Poland Portugal Russia Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom Oceania Australia Fiji New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Election_Commission_of_India&oldid=864774920 '' Categories : Indian commissions and inquiries 1950 establishments in India Election Commission of India Government agencies established in 1950 Election commissions Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter CS1 maint : Unrecognized language Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from July 2017 Use dmy dates from June 2017 Use Indian English from June 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates not on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ಕನ್ನಡ മലയാളം मराठी नेपाली ਪੰਜਾਬੀ संस्कृतम् தமிழ் తెలుగు اردو 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 October 2018, at 11 : 13 ( UTC ). 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Question: what is the role of independent election commission in india
Answer: to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election