Punjab province ( British India ) - wikipedia Punjab province ( British India ) This article is about a historical region in British India. For other uses of the name, see Punjab ( disambiguation ). Punjab ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब پنجاب ‬ Province ← 2 April 1849 -- 1947 → → Flag Coat of arms Motto Crescat e Fluviis ( Let it grow from the rivers ) Map of British Punjab 1909 Capital Lahore * Murree 1873 - 1875 ( Summer ) * Shimla 1876 - 1947 ( Summer ) Historical era New Imperialism Established 2 April 1849 Partition of India 14 -- 15 August 1947 Today part of India Pakistan Punjab, also spelled Panjab, was a province of British India. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company in 1849, and was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British control. It comprised five administrative divisions, Delhi, Jullundur, Lahore, Multan and Rawalpindi and a number of princely states. In 1947, the partition of India led to the province being divided into East Punjab and West Punjab, in the newly created Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan respectively. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 3 History 3.1 Company rule 3.2 British Raj 3.3 Administrative reforms 3.4 Partition 4 Demographics 4.1 Religion 5 Army 6 Education 7 Agriculture 8 Administrative divisions 9 Government 9.1 Early administration 9.2 Punjab Legislative Council and Assembly 9.3 First Assembly Election 9.4 Second Assembly Election 10 Coat of arms 11 See also 12 References 13 External links Etymology The name of the region is a compound of two Persian words Panj ( five ) and āb ( water ) and was introduced to the region by the Turko - Persian conquerors of India and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire. Punjab literally means `` ( The Land of ) Five Waters '' referring to the rivers : Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas. All are tributaries of the Indus River, the Chenab being the largest. Geography Geographically, the province was a triangular tract of country of which the Indus River and its tributary the Sutlej formed the two sides up to their confluence, the base of the triangle in the north being the Lower Himalayan Range between those two rivers. Moreover, the province as constituted under British rule also included a large tract outside these boundaries. Along the northern border, Himalayan ranges divided it from Kashmir and Tibet. On the west it was separated from the North - West Frontier Province by the Indus, until it reached the border of Dera Ghazi Khan District, which was divided from Baluchistan by the Sulaiman Range. To the south lay Sindh and Rajputana, while on the east the rivers Jumna and Tons separated it from the United Provinces. It encompassed the present day Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, and Himachal Pradesh ( but excluding the former princely states which were later combined into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union ) and the Pakistani regions of the Punjab, Islamabad Capital Territory and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In 1901 the frontier districts beyond the Indus were separated from Punjab and made into a new province : the North - West Frontier Province. History The Durbar, or assembly of native princes and nobles, convened by Sir John Lawrence at Lahore Company rule See also : Company rule in India On 21 February 1849, the East India Company decisively defeated the Sikh Empire at the Battle of Gujrat bringing to an end the Second Anglo - Sikh War. Following the victory, the East India Company annexed the Punjab on 2 April 1849 and incorporated it within British India. The province whilst nominally under the control of the Bengal Presidency was administratively independent. Lord Dalhousie constituted the Board of Administration by inducting into it the most experienced and seasoned British officers. The Board was led by Sir Henry Lawrence, who had previously worked as British Resident at the Lahore Durbar and also consisted of his younger brother John Lawrence and Charles Grenville Mansel. Below the Board, a group of acclaimed officers collectively known as Henry Lawrence 's `` Young Men '' assisted in the administration of the newly acquired province. The Board was abolished by Lord Dalhousie in 1853 ; Sir Henry was assigned to the Rajputana Agency, and his brother John succeeded as the first Chief Commissioner. Recognising the cultural diversity of the Punjab, the Board maintained a strict policy of non-interference in regard to religious and cultural matters. Sikh aristocrats were given patronage and pensions and groups in control of historical places of worship were allowed to remain in control. British raj See also : British Raj The Punjab in 1880 In 1858, under the terms of the Queen 's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Punjab, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown. Delhi was transferred from the North - Western Provinces to the Punjab in 1859. The British colonial government took this action partly to punish the city for the important role that the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, and the city as a whole played in the 1857 Rebellion. Sir John Lawrence, then Chief Commissioner, was appointed the first Lieutenant - Governor on 1 January 1859. In 1866, the Judicial Commissioner was replaced by a Chief Court. The direct administrative functions of the Government were carried out through the Lieutenant - Governor through the Secretariat, comprising a Chief Secretary, a Secretary and two Under - Secretaries. They were usually members of the Indian Civil Service. The territory under the Lieutenant consisted of 29 Districts, grouped under 5 Divisions, and 43 Princely States. Each District was under a Deputy - Commissioner, who reported to the Commissioner of the Division. Each District was subdivided into between three and seven tehsils, each under a tahsildar, assisted by a naib ( deputy ) tahsildar. In 1885 the Punjab administration began an ambitious plan to transform over six million acres of barren waste land in central and western Punjab into irrigable agricultural land. The creation of canal colonies was designed to relieve demographic pressures in the central parts of the province, increase productivity and revenues, and create a loyal support amongst peasant landholders. The colonisation resulted in an agricultural revolution in the province, rapid industrial growth, and the resettlement of over one million Punjabis in the new areas. A number of towns were created or saw significant development in the colonies, such as Lyallpur, Sargodha and Montgomery. Colonisation led to the canal irrigated area of the Punjab increasing from three to fourteen million acres in the period from 1885 to 1947. The beginning of the twentieth century saw increasing unrest in the Punjab. Conditions in the Chenab colony, together with land reforms such as the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 and the Colonisation Bill, 1906 contributed to the 1907 Punjab unrest. The unrest was unlike any previous agitation in the province as the government had for the first time aggrieved a large portion of the rural population. Mass demonstrations were organised, headed by Lala Lajpat Rai, a leader of the Hindu revivalist sect Arya Samaj. The unrest resulted in the repeal of the Colonisation Bill and the end of paternalist policies in the colonies. During the First World War, Punjabi manpower contributed heavily to the Indian Army. Out of a total of 683,149 combat troops, 349,688 hailed from the province. In 1918, an influenza epidemic broke out in the province, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 962,937 people or 4.77 percent of the total estimated population. In March 1919 the Rowlatt Act was passed extending emergency measures of detention and incarceration in response to the perceived threat of terrorism from revolutionary nationalist organisations. This led to the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre in April 1919 where the British colonel Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on a group of some 10,000 unarmed protesters and Baisakhi pilgrims. Administrative Reforms The Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms enacted through the Government of India Act 1919 expanded the Punjab Legislative Council and introduced the principle of dyarchy, whereby certain responsibilities such as agriculture, health, education, and local government, were transferred to elected ministers. The first Punjab Legislative Council under the 1919 Act was constituted in 1921, comprising 93 members, seventy per cent to be elected and rest to be nominated. Some of the Indian ministers under the dyarchy scheme were Sir Sheikh Abdul Qadir ( Education 1926 ), Khan Bahadur Chaudhry Sir Shahab - ud - Din ( Education 1936 ) and Lala Hari Kishen Lal. The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy to Punjab replacing the system of dyarchy. It provided for the constitution of Punjab Legislative Assembly of 175 members presided by a Speaker and an executive government responsible to the Assembly. The Unionist Party under Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan formed the government in 1937. Sir Sikandar was succeeded by Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana in 1942 who remained the Premier till partition in 1947. Although the term of the Assembly was five years, the Assembly continued for about eight years and its last sitting was held on 19 March 1945. Partition See also : Partition of India The struggle for Indian independence witnessed competing and conflicting interests in the Punjab. The landed elites of the Muslim, Hindu and Sikh communities had loyally collaborated with the British since annexation, supported the Unionist Party and were hostile to the Congress party led independence movement. Amongst the peasantry and urban middle classes, the Hindus were the most active Congress Party supporters, the Sikhs flocked to the Akali movement whilst the Muslims eventually supported the Muslim League. Since the partition of the sub-continent had been decided, special meetings of the Western and Eastern Section of the Legislative Assembly were held on 23 June 1947 to decide whether or not the Province of the Punjab be partitioned. After voting on both sides, partition was decided and the existing Punjab Legislative Assembly was also divided into West Punjab Legislative Assembly and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. This last Assembly before independence, held its last sitting on 4 July 1947. Demographics The first British census of the Punjab was carried out in 1855. This covered only British territory to the exclusion of local princely states, and placed the population at 17.6 million The first regular census of British India carried out in 1881 recorded a population of 20.8 million people. The final British census in 1941 recorded 34.3 million people in the Punjab, which comprised 29 districts within British territory, 43 princely states, 52,047 villages and 283 towns. In 1881, only Amritsar and Lahore had populations over 100,000. The commercial and industrial city of Amritsar ( 152,000 ) was slightly larger than the cultural capital of Lahore ( 149,000 ). Over the following sixty years, Lahore increased in population four fold, whilst Amritsar grew two-fold. By 1941, the province had seven cities with populations over 100,000 with emergence and growth of Rawalpindi, Multan, Sialkot, Jullundur and Ludhiana. The colonial period saw large scale migration within the Punjab due to the creation of canal colonies in western Punjab. The majority of colonists hailed from the seven most densely populated districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Jullundur, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ambala and Sialkot, and consisted primarily of Jats, Arains, Sainis, Kambohs and Rajputs. The movement of many highly skilled farmers from eastern and central Punjab to the new colonies, led to western Punjab becoming the most progressive and advanced agricultural region of the province. The period also saw significant numbers of Punjabis emigrate to other regions of the British Empire. The main destinations were East Africa - Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, Southeast Asia - Malaysia and Burma, Hong Kong and Canada. Religion The Punjab was a religiously eclectic province, comprising Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and Christians. In 1881, the two largest religious groups were Muslims ( 47.6 % ) and Hindus ( 43.8 % ). By 1941, the religious composition had evolved, with Muslims constituting an absolute majority at 53.2 %, whilst the Hindu population had fallen to 29.1 %. The decrease in the Hindu population has been attributed to the conversion of a number of lower caste Hindus to Islam, Sikhism and Christianity. The period between 1881 and 1941 saw a significant increase in the Sikh and Christian populations, growing from 8.2 % and 0.1 % to 14.9 % and 1.9 % respectively. Population trends for major religious groups in the Punjab Province of the British Raj ( 1881 -- 1941 ) Religious group Population % 1881 Population % 1891 Population % 1901 Population % 1911 Population % 1921 Population % 1931 Population % 1941 Islam 47.6 % 47.8 % 49.6 % 51.1 % 51.1 % 52.4 % 53.2 % Hinduism 43.8 % 43.6 % 41.3 % 35.8 % 35.1 % 30.2 % 29.1 % Sikhism 8.2 % 8.2 % 8.6 % 12.1 % 12.4 % 14.3 % 14.9 % Christianity 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.8 % 1.3 % 1.5 % 1.5 % Other religions / No religion 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 1.6 % 1.3 % Army In the immediate aftermath of annexation, the Sikh Khalsa Army was disbanded, and soldiers were required to surrender their weapons and return to agricultural or other pursuits. The Bengal Army, keen to utilise the highly trained ex-Khalsa army troops began to recruit from the Punjab for Bengal infantry units stationed in the province. However opposition to the recruitment of these soldiers spread and resentment emerged from sepoys of the Bengal Army towards the incursion of Punjabis into their ranks. In 1851, the Punjab Irregular Force also known as the ' Piffars ' was raised. Initially they consisted of one garrison and four mule batteries, four regiments of cavalry, eleven of infantry and the Corps of Guides, totalling approximately 13,000 men. The gunners and infantry were mostly Punjabi, many from the Khalsa Army, whilst the cavalry had a considerable Hindustani presence. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, eighteen new regiments were raised from the Punjab which remained loyal to the East India Company throughout the crisis in the Punjab and United Provinces. By June 1858, of the 80,000 native troops in the Bengal Army, 75,000 were Punjabi of which 23,000 were Sikh. In the aftermath of the rebellion, a thorough re-organisation of the army took place. Henceforth recruitment into the British Indian Army was restricted to loyal peoples and provinces. Punjabi Sikhs emerged as a particularly favoured martial race to serve the army. In the midst of The Great Game, and fearful of a Russian invasion of British India, the Punjab was regarded of significant strategic importance as a frontier province. In addition to their loyalty and a belief in their suitability to serve in harsh conditions, Punjabi recruits were favoured as they could be paid at the local service rate, whereas soldiers serving on the frontier from more distant lands had to be paid extra foreign service allowances. By 1875, of the entire Indian army, a third of recruits hailed from the Punjab. In 1914, three fifths of the Indian army came from the Punjab, despite the region constituting approximately one tenth of the total population of British India. During the First World War, Punjabi Sikhs alone accounted for one quarter of all armed personnel in India. Military service provided access to the wider world, and personnel were deployed across the British Empire from Malaya, the Mediterranean and Africa. Upon completion of their terms of service, these personnel were often amongst the first to seek their fortunes abroad. At the outbreak of the Second World War, 48 percent of the Indian army came from the province. In Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Attock, the percentage of the total male population who enlisted reached fifteen percent. The Punjab continued to be the main supplier of troops throughout the war, contributing 36 percent of the total Indian troops who served in the conflict. The huge proportion of Punjabis in the army meant that a significant amount of military expenditure went to Punjabis and in turn resulted in an abnormally high level of resource input in the Punjab. It has been suggested that by 1935 if remittances of serving officers were combined with income from military pensions, more than two thirds of Punjab 's land revenue could have been paid out of military incomes. Military service further helped reduce the extent of indebtedness across the Province. In Hoshiarpur, a notable source of military personnel, in 1920 thirty percent of proprieters were debt free compared to the region 's average of eleven percent. In addition, the benefits of military service and the perception that the government was benevolent towards soldiers, affected the latter 's attitudes towards the British. The loyalty of recruited peasantry and the influence of military groups in rural areas across the province limited the reach of the nationalist movement in the province. Education In 1854 the Punjab education department was instituted with a policy to provide secular education in all government managed institutions. Privately run institutions would only receive grants - in - aid in return for providing secular instruction. By 1864 this had resulted in a situation whereby all grants - in - aid to higher education schools and colleges were received by institutions under European management, and no indigenous owned schools received government help. In the early 1860s a number of educational colleges were established, including Lawrence College, Murree, King Edward Medical University, Government College, Lahore, Glancy Medical College and Forman Christian College. In 1882, Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner published a damning report on the state of education in the Punjab. He lamented the failure to reconcile government run schools with traditional indigenous schools, and noted a steady decline in the number of schools across the province since annexation. He noted in particular how Punjabi Muslim 's avoided government run schools due to the lack of religious subjects taught in them, observing how at least 120,000 Punjabis attended schools unsupported by the state and describing it as ' a protest by the people against our system of education. ' Leitner had long advocated the benefits of oriental scholarship, and the fusion of government education with religious instruction. In January 1865 he had established the Anjuman - i - Punjab, a subscription based association aimed at using a European style of learning to promote useful knowledge, whilst also reviving traditional scholarship in Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit. In 1884 a reorganisation of the Punjab education system occurred, introducing measures tending towards decentralisation of control over education and the promotion of an indigenous education agency. As a consequence several new institutions were encouraged in the province. The Arya Samaj opened a college in Lahore in 1886, the Sikhs opened the Khalsa College whilst the Anjuman - i - Himayat - i - Islam stepped in to organise Muslim education. Agriculture Within a few years of its annexation, the Punjab was regarded as British India 's model agricultural province. From the 1860s onwards, agricultural prices and land values soared in the Punjab. This stemmed from increasing political security and improvements in infrastructure and communications. New cash crops such as wheat, tobacco, sugar cane and cotton were introduced. By the 1920 's the Punjab produced a tenth of India 's total cotton crop and a third of its wheat crop. Per capita output of all the crops in the province increased by approximately 45 percent between 1891 and 1921, a growth contrasting to agricultural crises in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa during the period. Rapid agricultural growth, combined with access to easy credit for landowners, led to a growing crisis of indebtedness. When landowners were unable to pay down their loans, urban based moneylenders took advantage of British law to foreclose debts of mortgaged land. This led to a situation where land increasingly passed to absentee moneylenders who had little connection to the villages were the land was located. The colonial government recognised this as a potential threat to the stability of the province, and a split emerged in the government between paternalists who favoured intervention to ensure order, and those who opposed state intervention in private property relations. The paternalists emerged victorious and the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 prevented urban commercial castes, who were overwhelmingly Hindu, from permanently acquiring land from statutory agriculturalist tribes, who were mainly Muslim and Sikh. Accompanied by the increasing franchise of the rural population, this interventionist approach led to a long lasting impact on the political landscape of the province. The agricultural lobby remained loyal to the government, and rejected communalism in common defence of its privileges against urban moneylenders. This position was entrenched by the Unionist Party. The Congress Party 's opposition to the Act led to it being marginalised in the Punjab, reducing its influence moreso than in any other province, and inhibiting its ability to challenge colonial rule locally. The political dominance of the Unionist Party would remain until partition, and significantly it was only on the collapse of its power on the eve of independence from Britain, that communal violence began to spread in rural Punjab. Administrative divisions Punjab ( British India ) : British Territory and Princely States Division Districts in British Territory / Princely States Delhi Division Ambala Delhi Gurgaon Hissar Karnal Rohtak Shimla Jullundur Division Ferozepore Hoshiarpur Jullundur Kangra Ludhiana Lahore Division Amritsar Gujranwala Gurdaspur Lahore Lyallpur Montgomery Sheikhupura Sialkot Rawalpindi Division Attock Gujrat Jhelum Rawalpindi Shahpur Multan Division Dera Ghazi Khan Jhang Mianwali Multan Muzaffargarh Total area, British Territory 97,209 square miles Native States Patiala Jind Nabha Bahawalpur Sirmur Loharu Dujana Pataudi Kalsia Simla Hill States Kapurthala Mandi Malerkotla Suket Faridkot Siba Chamba Kahlur ( Bilaspur ) Total area, Native States 36,532 square miles Total area, Punjab 133,741 square miles Government See also : Prime Minister of the Punjab Early Administration See also : List of Governors of Punjab ( British India ) In 1849, a Board of Administration was put in place to govern the newly annexed province. The Board was led by a President and two assistants. Beneath them Commissioners acted as Superintendents of revenue and police and exercised the civil appellate and the original criminal powers of Sessions Judges, whilst Deputy Commissioners were given subordinate civil, criminal and fiscal powers. In 1853, the Board of Administration was abolished, and authority was invested in a single Chief Commissioner. The Government of India Act 1858 led to further restructuring and the office of Lieutenant - Governor replaced that of Chief Commissioner. Although The Indian Councils Act, 1861 laid the foundation for the establishment of a local legislature in the Punjab, the first legislature was constituted in 1897. It consisted of a body of nominated officials and non-officials and was presided over by the Lieutenant - Governor. The first council lasted for eleven years until 1909. The Morley - Minto Reforms led to an elected members complementing the nominated officials in subsequent councils. Punjab Legislative Council and Assembly The Government of India Act, 1919 introduced the system of dyarchy across British India and led to the implementation of the first Punjab Legislative Council in 1921. At the same time the office of lieutenant governor was replaced with that of governor. The initial Council had ninety three members, seventy per cent of which were elected and the rest nominated. A president was elected by the Council to preside over the meetings. Between 1921 and 1936, there were four terms of the Council. Council Inaugurated Dissolved President ( s ) First Council 8 Jan 1921 27 Oct 1923 Sir Montagu Butler and Herbert Casson Second Council 2 Jan 1924 27 Oct 1926 Herbert Casson, Sir Abdul Qadir and Sir Shahab - ud - Din Virk Third Council 3 Jan 1927 26 Jul 1930 Sir Shahab - ud - Din Virk Fourth Council 24 Oct 1930 10 Nov 1936 Sir Shahab - ud - Din Virk and Sir Chhotu Ram In 1935, the Government of India Act, 1935 replaced dyarchy with increased provincial autonomy. It introduced direct elections, and enabled elected Indian representatives to form governments in the provincial assemblies. The Punjab Legislative Council was replaced by a Punjab Legislative Assembly, and the role of President with that of a Speaker. Membership of the Assembly was fixed at 175 members, and it was intended to sit for five years. First Assembly election See also : Indian provincial elections, 1937 The first election was held in 1937 and was won outright by the Unionist Party. Its leader, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan was asked by the Governor, Sir Herbert Emerson to form a Ministry and he chose a cabinet consisting of three Muslims, two Hindus and a Sikh. Sir Sikandar died in 1942 and was succeeded as Premier by Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana. Position Name Premier Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan Revenue Minister Sir Sundar Singh Majithia Development Minister Sir Chhotu Ram Finance Minister Manohar Lal Public Works Minister Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana Education Minister Mian Abdul Haye Second Assembly election See also : Indian provincial elections, 1946 The next election was held in 1946. The Muslim League won the most seats, winning 73 out of a total of 175. However a coalition led by the Unionist Party and consisting of the Congress Party and Akali Party were able to secure an overall majority. A campaign of civil disobedience by the Muslim League followed, lasting six weeks, and led to the resignation of Sir Khizar Tiwana and the collapse of the coalition government on 2 March 1947. The Muslim League however were unable to attract the support of other minorities to form a coalition government themselves. Amid this stalemate the Governor Sir Evan Jenkins assumed control of the government and remained in charge until the independence of India and Pakistan. Coat of arms Crescat e Fluviis meaning, Let it grow from the rivers was the Latin motto used in the Coat of arms for Punjab Province. As per the book History of the Sikhs written by Khushwant Singh, it means Strength from the Rivers. See also History of Punjab Punjab region Sikh Empire Sikh Confederacy British Raj Doaba Daudzai Tehsil References Jump up ^ `` Punjab province of British India ''. 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica. Jump up ^ HK Manmohan Siṅgh. `` The Punjab ''. 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Mufakharul. `` The Punjab Land Alienation Act and the Professional Moneylenders. '' Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 2 Jump up ^ Islam, M. Mufakharul. `` The Punjab Land Alienation Act and the Professional Moneylenders. '' Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 2 Jump up ^ Ian Talbot, Punjab under Colonialism : Order and Transformation in Colonial India, 1988, page 6 Jump up ^ Robert W. Stern, Democracy and Dictatorship in South Asia, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, p. 53 Jump up ^ Ian Talbot, Punjab under Colonialism : Order and Transformation in Colonial India, 1988, page 7 Jump up ^ Ian Talbot, Punjab under Colonialism : Order and Transformation in Colonial India, 1988, page 7 Jump up ^ Panjab Administration Report, p. 24 Jump up ^ The Punjab Parliamentarians 1897 - 213, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, 2015 Jump up ^ The Punjab Parliamentarians 1897 - 213, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, 2015 Jump up ^ The Punjab Parliamentarians 1897 - 213, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, 2015 Jump up ^ The Punjab Parliamentarians 1897 - 213, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, 2015 Jump up ^ Bakhshish Singh Nijjar, History of the United Panjab, Volume 3, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 1 Jan 1996, p. 159 Jump up ^ David P Forsythe, Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Volume 1, OUP USA, 27 Aug 2009, p. 49 Jump up ^ Lionel Knight, Britain in India, 1858 -- 1947, Anthem Press, 1 Nov 2012, p. 154 Jump up ^ Lionel Knight, Britain in India, 1858 -- 1947, Anthem Press, 1 Nov 2012, p. 154 Jump up ^ Delhi district is made into a separate territory External links Sikhs in British Empire Sikhs in British Empire Presidencies and provinces of the British Raj Italics = outside present Indian & Pakistan Presidencies Agra Presidency Bengal Presidency Bombay Presidency Madras Presidency Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements Straits Settlements Presidency ( at Penang ) Western Presidency ( Surat Presidency ) Provinces Aden Province ( associated, in Yemen, Arabia ) Agra Province Ajmer - Merwara Andaman and Nicobar Islands Assam Province Baluchistan Bengal Province Berar Province Bihar and Orissa Province Bihar Province ( Upper ) Burma Central Provinces Central Provinces and Berar Coorg Province Delhi Province Eastern Bengal and Assam Lower Burma Nagpur Province North - West Frontier Province North - Western Provinces Orissa Province Panth - Piploda Province Punjab Province Sind Province United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces of British India United Provinces Agencies of British India British Empire in India British rule in Burma Districts of British India Divisions of British India List of princely states of British India ( alphabetical ) Residencies of British India Subdivisions of British India Territorial evolution of the British Empire Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjab_Province_(British_India)&oldid=814555005 '' Categories : States and territories disestablished in 1947 Provinces of British India History of Punjab, India 1849 establishments in British India History of Punjab, Pakistan Hidden categories : EngvarB from October 2017 Use dmy dates from October 2017 Punjab ( India ) articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Català हिन्दी मराठी ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Русский Simple English Svenska தமிழ் اردو Edit links This page was last edited on 9 December 2017, at 14 : 31. 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Question: when was punjab annexed to the british empire
Answer: 1849