Dolly ( sheep ) - wikipedia Dolly ( sheep ) Dolly Dolly 's taxidermied remains Other name ( s ) 6LLS ( code name ) Species Domestic sheep, Finn - Dorset Sex Female 5 July 1996 Roslin Institute, Midlothian, Scotland 14 February 2003 ( aged 6 ) Roslin Institute, Midlothian, Scotland Resting place National Museum of Scotland ( remains on display ) Nation from Scottish Known for First mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell Offspring Six lambs ( Bonnie ; twins Sally and Rosie ; triplets Lucy, Darcy and Cotton ) Named after Dolly Parton Cause of death Lung disease and severe arthritis Dolly ( 5 July 1996 -- 14 February 2003 ) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. Contents 1 Genesis 2 Birth 3 Life 4 Death 5 Legacy 6 References 7 External links Genesis Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh. The funding for Dolly 's cloning was provided by PPL Therapeutics and the Ministry of Agriculture. She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday. She has been called `` the world 's most famous sheep '' by sources including BBC News and Scientific American. The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone therefore proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. On Dolly 's name, Wilmut stated `` Dolly is derived from a mammary gland cell and we could n't think of a more impressive pair of glands than Dolly Parton 's ''. Birth Dolly was born on 5 July 1996 and had three mothers : one provided the egg, another the DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo to term. She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilized oocyte ( developing egg cell ) that has had its cell nucleus removed. The hybrid cell is then stimulated to divide by an electric shock, and when it develops into a blastocyst it is implanted in a surrogate mother. Dolly was the first clone produced from a cell taken from an adult mammal. The production of Dolly showed that genes in the nucleus of such a mature differentiated somatic cell are still capable of reverting to an embryonic totipotent state, creating a cell that can then go on to develop into any part of an animal. Dolly 's existence was announced to the public on 22 February 1997. It gained much attention in the media. A commercial with Scottish scientists playing with sheep was aired on TV, and a special report in Time magazine featured Dolly the sheep. Science featured Dolly as the breakthrough of the year. Even though Dolly was not the first animal cloned, she received media attention because she was the first cloned from an adult cell. Life The cloning process that produced Dolly Dolly lived her entire life at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian. There she was bred with a Welsh Mountain ram and produced six lambs in total. Her first lamb, named Bonnie, was born in April 1998. The next year Dolly produced twin lambs Sally and Rosie, and she gave birth to triplets Lucy, Darcy and Cotton in the year after that. In late 2001, at the age of four, Dolly developed arthritis and began to walk stiffly. This was treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Death On 14 February 2003, Dolly was euthanised because she had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. A Finn Dorset such as Dolly has a life expectancy of around 11 to 12 years, but Dolly lived 6.5 years. A post-mortem examination showed she had a form of lung cancer called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, also known as Jaagsiekte, which is a fairly common disease of sheep and is caused by the retrovirus JSRV. Roslin scientists stated that they did not think there was a connection with Dolly being a clone, and that other sheep in the same flock had died of the same disease. Such lung diseases are a particular danger for sheep kept indoors, and Dolly had to sleep inside for security reasons. Some in the press speculated that a contributing factor to Dolly 's death was that she could have been born with a genetic age of six years, the same age as the sheep from which she was cloned. One basis for this idea was the finding that Dolly 's telomeres were short, which is typically a result of the aging process. The Roslin Institute stated that intensive health screening did not reveal any abnormalities in Dolly that could have come from advanced aging. In 2016 scientists reported no defects in thirteen cloned sheep, including four from the same cell line as Dolly. The first study to review the long - term health outcomes of cloning, the authors found no evidence of late - onset, non-communicable diseases other than some minor examples of osteoarthritis and concluded `` We could find no evidence, therefore, of a detrimental long - term effect of cloning by SCNT on the health of aged offspring among our cohort. '' Legacy After cloning was successfully demonstrated through the production of Dolly, many other large mammals were cloned, including pigs, deer, horses and bulls. The attempt to clone argali ( mountain sheep ) did not produce viable embryos. The attempt to clone a banteng bull was more successful, as were the attempts to clone mouflon ( a form of wild sheep ), both resulting in viable offspring. The reprogramming process that cells need to go through during cloning is not perfect and embryos produced by nuclear transfer often show abnormal development. Making cloned mammals was highly inefficient -- in 1996 Dolly was the only lamb that survived to adulthood from 277 attempts. By 2014 Chinese scientists were reported to have 70 -- 80 % success rates cloning pigs and in 2016, a Korean company, Sooam Biotech, was producing 500 cloned embryos a day. Wilmut, who led the team that created Dolly, announced in 2007 that the nuclear transfer technique may never be sufficiently efficient for use in humans. Cloning may have uses in preserving endangered species and may become a viable tool for reviving extinct species. In January 2009, scientists from the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, in northern Spain announced the cloning of the Pyrenean ibex, a form of wild mountain goat, which was officially declared extinct in 2000. Although the newborn ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs, it is the first time an extinct animal has been cloned, and may open doors for saving endangered and newly extinct species by resurrecting them from frozen tissue. In July 2016, four identical clones of Dolly ( Daisy, Debbie, Dianna, and Denise ) were alive and healthy at nine years old. Scientific American concluded in 2016 that the main legacy of Dolly the sheep has not been cloning of animals but in advances into stem cell research. After Dolly, researchers realised that ordinary cells could be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells which can be grown into any tissue. The first successful cloning of a primate species using the same method for producing Dolly was reported in January 2018. Two identical clones of a macaque monkey, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, were created by researchers in China and were born in late 2017. References ^ Jump up to : `` 1997 : Dolly the sheep is cloned ''. BBC News. 22 February 1997. ^ Jump up to : Edwards, J. ( 1999 ). `` Why dolly matters : Kinship, culture and cloning ''. Ethnos. 64 ( 3 -- 4 ) : 301 -- 324. doi : 10.1080 / 00141844.1999. 9981606. ^ Jump up to : `` Dolly the sheep clone dies young ''. BBC News. 14 February 2003 Jump up ^ `` Is Dolly old before her time ? ''. BBC News. London. 27 May 1999. Retrieved 4 October 2009. Jump up ^ Lehrman, Sally ( July 2008 ). `` No More Cloning Around ''. Scientific American. Retrieved 21 September 2008. Jump up ^ Williams, N. ( 2003 ). `` Death of Dolly marks cloning milestone ''. Current Biology. 13 ( 6 ) : 209 -- 210. doi : 10.1016 / S0960 - 9822 ( 03 ) 00148 - 9. PMID 12646139. Jump up ^ Campbell KH ; McWhir J ; Ritchie WA ; Wilmut I ( 1996 ). `` Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line ''. Nature. 380 ( 6569 ) : 64 -- 6. Bibcode : 1996Natur. 380... 64C. doi : 10.1038 / 380064a0. PMID 8598906. Jump up ^ McLaren A ( 2000 ). `` Cloning : pathways to a pluripotent future ''. Science. 288 ( 5472 ) : 1775 -- 80. doi : 10.1126 / science. 288.5472. 1775. PMID 10877698. Jump up ^ Wilmut I ; Schnieke AE ; McWhir J ; Kind AJ ; et al. ( 1997 ). `` Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells ''. Nature. 385 ( 6619 ) : 810 -- 3. Bibcode : 1997Natur. 385... 810W. doi : 10.1038 / 385810a0. PMID 9039911. Jump up ^ Niemann H ; Tian XC ; King WA ; Lee RS ( February 2008 ). `` Epigenetic reprogramming in embryonic and foetal development upon somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning '' ( PDF ). Reproduction. 135 ( 2 ) : 151 -- 63. doi : 10.1530 / REP - 07 - 0397. PMID 18239046. Jump up ^ McKinnell, Robert G. ; Di Berardino, Marie A. ( November 1999 ). `` The Biology of Cloning : History and Rationale ''. BioScience. 49 ( 11 ) : 875 -- 885. doi : 10.2307 / 1313647. JSTOR 1313647. Jump up ^ Kolata, Gina ( 2003 - 02 - 14 ). `` Dolly, the First Cloned Mammal, Is Dead ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 24. Jump up ^ Dolly 's family. Roslin Institute, UK Jump up ^ Dolly 's arthritis. Roslin Institute, Accessed 21 February 2008 ^ Jump up to : Dolly 's final illness Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Roslin Institute, Accessed 21 February 2008 Cached version Jump up ^ Bridget M. Kuehn Goodbye, Dolly ; first cloned sheep dies at six years old Archived 4 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine. American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 April 2003 Jump up ^ Palmarini M ( 2007 ). `` A Veterinary Twist on Pathogen Biology ''. PLoS Pathog. 3 ( 2 ) : e12. doi : 10.1371 / journal. ppat. 0030012. PMC 1803002. PMID 17319740. ^ Jump up to : Was Dolly already ' old ' at birth ? Roslin Institute, Accessed 4 April 2010 Jump up ^ Shiels PG ; Kind AJ ; Campbell KH ; et al. ( 1999 ). `` Analysis of telomere length in Dolly, a sheep derived by nuclear transfer ''. Cloning. 1 ( 2 ) : 119 -- 25. doi : 10.1089 / 15204559950020003. PMID 16218837. Jump up ^ Shiels PG ; Kind AJ ; Campbell KH ; et al. ( 1999 ). `` Analysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep ''. Nature. 399 ( 6734 ) : 316 -- 7. Bibcode : 1999Natur. 399... 316H. doi : 10.1038 / 20580. PMID 10360570. Jump up ^ Sinclair, K.D. ; Corr, S.A. ; Gutierrez, C.G. ; Fisher, P.A. ; Lee, J. - H. ; Rathbone, A.J. ; Choi, I. ; Campbell, K.H.S. ; Gardner, D.S. ( 26 July 2016 ). `` Healthy ageing of cloned sheep ''. Nature Communications. p. 12359. doi : 10.1038 / ncomms12359. Jump up ^ Klein, Joanna ( 26 July 2016 ). `` Dolly the Sheep 's Fellow Clones, Enjoying Their Golden Years ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2016. Jump up ^ Grisham, Julie ( April 2000 ). `` Pigs cloned for first time ''. Nature Biotechnology. 18 ( 4 ) : 365. doi : 10.1038 / 74335. ^ Jump up to : Shukman, David ( 14 January 2014 ) China cloning on an ' industrial scale ' BBC News, Retrieved 14 January 2014 Jump up ^ `` Texas A&M scientists clone world 's first deer ''. Innovations Report. 23 December 2003. Archived from the original on 11 November 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2007. Jump up ^ Cohen, Haley ( 31 July 2015 ). `` How Champion - Pony Clones Have Transformed the Game of Polo ''. VFNews. Vanity Fair. Retrieved 27 December 2015. Jump up ^ Lozano, Juan A. ( 27 June 2005 ). `` A&M Cloning project raises questions still ''. Bryan - College Station Eagle. Retrieved 30 April 2007. Jump up ^ `` Endangered sheep cloned ''. BBC News. London. 1 October 2001. Retrieved 12 November 2007. Jump up ^ Jaenisch R ; Hochedlinger K ; Eggan K ( 2005 ). `` Nuclear cloning, epigenetic reprogramming and cellular differentiation ''. Novartis Found. Symp. Novartis Foundation Symposia. 265 : 107 -- 18 ; discussion 118 -- 28. doi : 10.1002 / 0470091452. ch9. ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 09145 - 6. PMID 16050253. Jump up ^ Rideout WM ; Eggan K ; Jaenisch R ( August 2001 ). `` Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome ''. Science. 293 ( 5532 ) : 1093 -- 8. doi : 10.1126 / science. 1063206. PMID 11498580. Jump up ^ Zastrow, Mark ( 8 February 2016 ). `` Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day ''. New Scientist. Retrieved 23 February 2016. Jump up ^ Roger Highfield `` Dolly creator Prof Ian Wilmut shuns cloning ''. Daily Telegraph 16 November 2007 Jump up ^ Trounson AO ( 2006 ). `` Future and applications of cloning ''. Methods Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology. 348 : 319 -- 32. doi : 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 59745 - 154 - 3_22. ISBN 978 - 1 - 58829 - 280 - 3. PMID 16988390. Jump up ^ Gray, Richard ; Dobson, Roger ( 31 January 2009 ). `` Extinct ibex is resurrected by cloning ''. The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 February 2009. Jump up ^ Jabr, Ferris ( 11 March 2013 ). `` Will Cloning Ever Save Endangered Animals ? ''. Scientific American. Retrieved 15 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Clones da ovelha Dolly envelheceram com boa saúde, diz estudo '' ( in Portuguese ). Rede Globo. 26 July 2016. Jump up ^ `` Dolly the sheep 's siblings ' healthy ' ''. News -- Science and Environment. BBC. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016. Jump up ^ Weintraub, Karen. `` 20 Years after Dolly the Sheep Led the Way -- Where Is Cloning Now ? ''. Scientific American. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ Sample, Ian ( 2016 - 07 - 26 ). `` Dolly 's clones ageing no differently to naturally - conceived sheep, study finds ''. The Guardian. ISSN 0261 - 3077. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ Liu, Zhen ; et al. ( 24 January 2018 ). `` Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ''. Cell. 172 ( 4 ) : 881. doi : 10.1016 / j. cell. 2018.01. 020. Retrieved 24 January 2018. CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Normile, Dennis ( 24 January 2018 ). `` These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly ''. Science. doi : 10.1126 / science. aa1066 ( inactive 2018 - 04 - 26 ). Retrieved 24 January 2018. Jump up ^ Briggs, Helen ( 24 January 2018 ). `` First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory ''. BBC News. Retrieved 24 January 2018. Jump up ^ Associated Press ( 24 January 2018 ). `` Scientists Successfully Clone Monkeys ; Are Humans Up Next ? ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 24 January 2018. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolly ( sheep ). Dolly the Sheep on display The real Dolly at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Cloning Dolly the Sheep Dolly the Sheep and the importance of animal research Animal cloning and Dolly Breakthrough of the Year Science journal 1996 : HIV understanding 1997 : Dolly the sheep 1998 : Accelerating universe 1999 : Stem cell 2000 : Whole genome sequencing 2001 : Nanocircuits or Molecular circuit 2002 : RNA interference 2003 : Dark energy 2004 : Spirit rover 2005 : Evolution in action 2006 : Poincaré conjecture proof 2007 : Human genetic variation 2008 : Cellular reprogramming 2009 : Ardipithecus ramidus 2010 : First quantum machine 2011 : HPTN 052 clinical trial 2012 : Higgs boson discovery 2013 : Cancer immunotherapy 2014 : Rosetta comet mission 2015 : CRISPR genome - editing method 2016 : First observation of gravitational waves 2017 : GW170817 ( neutron star merger ) GND : 7576882 - 3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolly_(sheep)&oldid=843475626 '' Categories : 1996 animal births 2003 animal deaths 1996 in Scotland Cloned sheep Cloning Individual sheep Collections of the National Museums of Scotland History of Midlothian Dolly Parton Individual animals in Scotland 1996 in biotechnology 2003 in Scotland Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. 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Question: who is dolly the sheep and how was she created
Answer: first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer