South African rand - Wikipedia South African rand This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2011 ) South African rand List 10 other official names : Suid - Afrikaanse rand ( Afrikaans ) iRanti yeSewula Afrika ( Southern Ndebele ) iRanti yoMzantsi Afrika ( Xhosa ) iRandi laseNingizimu Afrika ( Zulu ) liRandi laseNingizimu Afrika ( Swati ) Ranta ya Afrika - Borwa ( Northern Sotho ) Ranta ya Afrika Borwa ( Sotho ) Ranta ya Aforika Borwa ( Tswana ) Rhandi ya Afrika Dzonga ( Tsonga ) Rannda ya Afurika Tshipembe ( Venda ) ISO 4217 Code ZAR Number 710 Exponent Denominations Subunit 1 / 100 Cent Plural rand Symbol Cent Banknotes R 10, R 20, R 50, R 100, R 200 Coins 10c, 20c, 50c, R 1, R 2, R 5 Demographics Official user ( s ) South Africa Lesotho Namibia Swaziland Unofficial user ( s ) Zimbabwe Issuance Central bank South African Reserve Bank Website www.resbank.co.za Valuation Inflation 3.6 % ( South Africa only ) Source South African Reserve Bank, November 2010 Method CPI Pegged with Lesotho loti, Swazi lilangeni, and Namibian dollar at par Jump up ^ A Common Monetary Area member. Jump up ^ A Common Monetary Area member, used alongside Lesotho loti Jump up ^ A Common Monetary Area member, used alongside Namibian dollar Jump up ^ A Common Monetary Area member, used alongside Swazi lilangeni Jump up ^ Alongside Zimbabwean dollar ( suspended indefinitely from 12 April 2009 ), euro, US dollar, pound sterling, Botswana pula, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan, and Japanese yen. The US dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions. The South African rand ( sign : R ; code : ZAR ) is the currency of South Africa. The rand is subdivided into 100 cents ( sign : `` c '' ). The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch Zuid - Afrikaanse Rand ( South African rand ). The rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia, although the latter three countries do have their own currencies. Historical users of the South African rand included South West Africa and the nominally independent Bantustans under the apartheid system : Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and Venda. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Brief exchange rate history 3 Coins 4 Banknotes 4.1 First series 4.2 Second series 4.3 Third series 4.4 Fourth series 4.5 Fifth series 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Etymology The rand takes its name from the Witwatersrand ( literally `` white waters ' ridge '' in English ), the ridge upon which Johannesburg is built and where most of South Africa 's gold deposits were found. History The rand was introduced in the then Union of South Africa on 14 February 1961, three months before the Republic of South Africa was established. A Decimal Coinage Commission had been set up in 1956 to consider a move away from the denominations of pounds, shillings, and pence, submitting its recommendation on 8 August 1958. It replaced the South African pound as legal tender, at the rate of 2 rand to 1 pound, or 10 shillings to the rand. The government introduced a mascot, Decimal Dan, `` the rand - cent man '' ( known in Afrikaans as Dan Desimaal ). This was accompanied by a radio jingle, to inform the public about the new currency. Brief exchange rate history Value of the South African rand to the United States dollar from 1975 to 2015 by the blue columns : The percentage rate of change year - on - year is shown by the black line. A rand was worth US $ 1.40 from the time of its inception in 1961 until late in 1971. Its value thereafter fluctuated as various exchange rate dispensations were implemented by the South African authorities. By the early 1980s high inflation and mounting political pressure combined with sanctions placed against the country due to apartheid started to erode its value. The currency broke above parity with the dollar for the first time in March 1982, and continued to trade between R 1 and R 1.30 to the dollar until June 1984, when depreciation of the currency gained momentum. By February 1985, it was trading over R 2 per dollar, and in July that year, all foreign exchange trading was suspended for three days to try to stop the depreciation. By the time that State President P.W. Botha made his Rubicon speech on 15 August 1985, it had weakened to R 2.40 per dollar. The currency recovered somewhat between 1986 -- 88, trading near the R 2 level most of the time and even breaking beneath it sporadically. The recovery was short - lived, however, and by the end of 1989, the rand was trading at levels more than R 2.50 per dollar. As it became clear in the early 1990s that the country was destined for black majority rule and one reform after the other was announced, uncertainty about the future of the country hastened the depreciation until the level of R 3 to the dollar was breached in November 1992. A host of local and international events influenced the currency after that, most notably the 1994 democratic election which had it weaken to over R 3.60 to the dollar, the election of Tito Mboweni as the new governor of the South African Reserve Bank, and the inauguration of President Thabo Mbeki in 1999 which had it quickly slide to over R 6 to the dollar. The controversial land reform program that was kicked off in Zimbabwe, followed by the September 11, 2001 attacks, propelled it to its weakest historical level of R 13.84 to the dollar in December 2001. Two generations of older notes and coins : The notes of the latter of these two generations ( as depicted by the R5 note in this image ) were replaced with the iconic `` Big Five '' notes and these were recently updated to show the face of Nelson Mandela. Banknotes and coins of the South African rand 's fourth series ( 2005 -- 2012 ) This sudden depreciation in 2001 led to a formal investigation, which in turn led to a dramatic recovery. By the end of 2002, the currency was trading under R 9 to the dollar again, and by the end of 2004 was trading under R 5.70 to the dollar. The currency softened somewhat in 2005, and was trading around R 6.35 to the dollar at the end of the year. At the start of 2006, however, the currency resumed its rally, and as of 19 January 2006, was trading under R 6 to the dollar again. However, during the second and third quarters of 2006 ( i.e. April through September ), the rand weakened significantly. In sterling terms, it fell from around 9.5 p to just over 7p, losing some 25 % of its international trade - weighted value in just six months. Late in 2007, the rand rallied modestly to just over 8p, only to experience a precipitous slide during the first quarter of 2008. This downward slide could be attributed to a range of factors : South Africa 's worsening current account deficit, which widened to a 36 ‐ year high of 7.3 % of gross domestic product ( GDP ) in 2007 ; inflation at a five - year high of just under 9 % ; escalating global risk aversion as investors ' concerns over the spreading impact of the subprime crisis grew ; and a general flight to `` safe havens '', away from the perceived risks of emerging markets. The rand depreciation was exacerbated by the Eskom electricity crisis, which arose from the utility being unable to meet the country 's rapidly growing energy demands. By the end of 2014, the rand had weakened to R 15.05 per dollar, partly due to South Africa 's consistent trade account deficit with the rest of the world. From 9 December 2015 to 13 December 2015, over a four - day period, the rand dropped over 10 % due to what some suspected was President Zuma 's surprise announcement that he would be replacing the then - Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene with the little - known David van Rooyen. The rapid drop in value was stemmed when the President back - tracked and announced that the better - known previous Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan, would instead be appointed to the post. Zuma 's surprise firing of Nene damaged international confidence in the rand, with it experiencing significant exchange volatility throughout much of January 2016, reaching an all - time low of R 17.9169 to the US dollar on the 9 January 2016 before rebounding to R 16.57 later the same day. The January drop in value was also partly caused by Japanese retail investors cutting their losses in the currency to look for higher - yield investments elsewhere and due to concerns over the impact of the economic slowdown in China, South Africa 's largest export partner. By mid-January, economists were speculating that the rand could expect to see further volatility for the rest of 2016. By 29 April, it reached its highest performance over the previous 5 months, exchanging at a rate of 14.16 to the United States dollar Following the United Kingdom 's ( UK ) vote to leave the European Union ( EU ), the rand dropped in value over 8 % against the United States dollar on the 24th June 2016, the currency 's largest single - day decline since the 2008 crash. This was partly due to a general global financial retreat from currencies seen as risky to the US dollar and partly due to concerns over how the UK 's withdrawal from the EU would impact South Africa 's economy and trade relations. Coins Main article : Coins of the South African rand A 5 - rand bimetallic coin issued in 2004 Coins were introduced in 1961 in denominations of ⁄, 1, 2 ⁄, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents. In 1965, 2 - cent coins replaced the 2 ⁄ - cent coins. The ⁄ - cent coin was last struck for circulation in 1973. The 2 - rand coin was introduced in 1989, followed by 5 - rand coins in 1994. Production of the 1 - and 2 - cent coins was discontinued in 2002, primarily due to inflation having devalued them, but they remain legal tender. Shops normally round the total purchase price of goods to the nearest 5 cents ( in favour of the consumer ). In an effort to curb counterfeiting, a new 5 - rand coin was released in August 2004. Security features introduced on the coin include a bimetal design ( similar to the € 1 and € 2 coins, the Thai 10 - baht coin, the British £ 2 coin, and the Canadian $2 coin ), a specially serrated security groove along the rim and microlettering. Banknotes The first series of rand banknotes was introduced in 1961 in denominations of 1, 2, 10, and 20 rand, with similar designs and colours to the preceding pound notes to ease the transition. They bore the image of what was believed at the time to be Jan van Riebeeck, the first V.O.C. administrator of Cape Town. It was later discovered that the image was not in fact Van Riebeeck at all. Like the last pound notes, they were printed in two variants, one with English written first and the other with Afrikaans written first. This practice was continued in the 1966 series which included the first 5 - rand notes, but did not include the 20 - rand denomination. The 1978 series began with denominations of 2, 5, and 10 rand, with 20 and 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series had a major design change. In addition, the series has only one variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10, and 50 rand, while English was the first language on 5 and 20 rand. The notes bore the image of Jan van Riebeeck. The 1 - rand note was replaced by a coin. In the 1990s, the notes were redesigned with images of the Big Five wildlife species ; 10 -, 20 - and 50 - rand notes were introduced in 1992, retaining the colour scheme of the previous issue. Coins were introduced for 2 rand and 5 rand, replacing the notes of the previous series, mainly because of the severe wear and tear experienced with low - denomination notes in circulation. In 1994, notes were introduced for 100 and 200 rand. The 2005 series has the same principal design, but with additional security features such as colour - shifting ink on the 50 - rand and higher and the EURion constellation. The obverses of all denominations are printed in English, while two other languages are printed on the reverses, thus making use of all 11 official languages of South Africa. In 2010, the South African Reserve Bank and commercial banks withdrew all 1994 series R 200 banknotes due to relatively high - quality counterfeit notes in circulation. In 2011, the South African Reserve Bank issued 100 - rand banknotes which were defective because they lacked fluorescent printing visible under UV light. In June, printing of this denomination was moved from the South African Bank Note Company to Crane Currency 's Swedish division ( Tumba Bruk ), which reportedly produced 80 million 100 - rand notes. The South African Reserve Bank shredded 3.6 million 100 - rand banknotes printed by Crane Currency because they had the same serial numbers as a batch printed by the South African Bank Note Company. In addition, the notes printed in Sweden were not the correct colour, and they were 1 mm short. On 11 February 2012, President Jacob Zuma announced that the country would be issuing a complete set of banknotes bearing Nelson Mandela 's image. They were entered into circulation on 6 November 2012. In 2013, the 2012 series was updated with the addition of the EURion constellation to all five notes. First series Banknotes of the South African rand ( 1961 First Issue ) Value Obverse Reverse Colour Language 1 Rand Jan van Riebeeck Lion Brown Afrikaans, English 2 Rand Lion Blue Afrikaans, English 10 Rand Ship Green Afrikaans, English 20 Rand Mine Purple Afrikaans, English Second series Banknotes of the South African rand ( 1970 Second Issue ) Value Obverse Reverse Colour Language 2 Rand Jan van Riebeeck and infrastructure Manufacturing Blue Afrikaans, English 5 Rand Jan van Riebeeck and diamonds Mining Maroon English, Afrikaans 10 Rand Jan van Riebeeck and protea Agriculture Green Afrikaans, English 20 Rand Jan van Riebeeck and Groot Constantia Jan van Riebeeck 's landing party and South African Coat of Arms Brown English, Afrikaans 50 Rand Jan van Riebeeck and lion Natural environment Red Afrikaans, English Third series Banknotes of the South African rand ( 1992 Third Issue `` Big Five '' ) Value Obverse Reverse Colour Language Size ( mm ) 10 Rand Rhinoceros Agriculture Green Afrikaans, English 128 × 70 20 Rand Elephants Mining Brown English, Afrikaans 134 × 70 50 Rand Lions Manufacturing Red Afrikaans, English 140 × 70 100 Rand Cape buffalo Tourism Blue English, Afrikaans 146 × 70 200 Rand Leopards Transport and communication Orange Afrikaans, English 152 × 70 Fourth series Banknotes of the South African rand ( 2005 Fourth Issue `` English & Other Official Languages '' ) Value Obverse Reverse Colour Language Size ( mm ) 10 Rand Rhinoceros Agriculture Green English, Afrikaans, Swati 128 × 70 20 Rand Elephants Mining Brown English, Southern Ndebele, Tswana 134 × 70 50 Rand Lions Manufacturing Red English, Venda, Xhosa 140 × 70 100 Rand Cape buffaloes Tourism Blue English, Northern Sotho, Tsonga 146 × 70 200 Rand Leopards Transport and communication Orange English, Sotho, Zulu 152 × 70 Fifth series Banknotes of the South African rand ( 2012 Fifth Issue `` Nelson Mandela '' ) Value Obverse Reverse Colour Language Size ( mm ) 10 Rand Nelson Mandela Rhinoceros Green English, Afrikaans, Swati 128 × 70 20 Rand Elephants Brown English, Southern Ndebele, Tswana 134 × 70 50 Rand Lions Red English, Venda, Xhosa 140 × 70 100 Rand Cape buffaloes Blue English, Northern Sotho, Tsonga 146 × 70 200 Rand Leopards Orange English, Sotho, Zulu 152 × 70 Current ZAR exchange rates From Google Finance : AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR From Yahoo ! Finance : AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR From XE : AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR From OANDA : AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR From fxtop.com : AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR See also Financial rand Witwatersrand Krugerrand Coins of the South African rand South African pound Economy of South Africa References Jump up ^ `` From Van Riebeeck to Madiba ''. News24. 2012 - 09 - 12. Jump up ^ `` The Reserve Bank and the Rand : Some historic reflections ''. Resbank.co.za. 29 November 2001. Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 05. Jump up ^ A General 's Story : from an Era of War and Peace, page 32 Jump up ^ `` ' Decimal Dan ' Sings : Catchy Tune Teaches New Currency ''. The Spokesman - Review. 10 January 1961. Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 05. Jump up ^ `` Exchange Rates Between the United States dollar and South African rand ''. Measuring Worth. Retrieved 12 January 2016. Jump up ^ Paul Vecchiatto Michael Cohen ( 11 January 2016 ). `` Zuma Begins Fightback as South Africa 's Rand Gets Hammered ''. Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 January 2016. Jump up ^ Patrick McGroarty & Joe Parkinson ( 11 January 2016 ). `` Africa Hit by China 's Woes ''. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 13 January 2016. Jump up ^ Candice Zachariahs ( 11 January 2016 ). `` Why the rand will face more manic Mondays after plunging 9 % ''. Fin24. Retrieved 13 January 2016. Jump up ^ Candice Zachariahs ( 11 January 2016 ). `` Rand sinks most in 7 years as traders fret over China, liquidity ''. Fin24. Retrieved 13 January 2016. Jump up ^ http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4836251&Itemid=15 ^ Jump up to : `` Rand slumps more than 8 % against dollar IOL ''. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Brexit vote shocker sends global markets into tailspin ''. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 25. Jump up ^ Kuo, Lily. `` Brexit will be terrible for Africa 's largest economies ''. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 25. Jump up ^ `` One Cent ( 1c ) ''. South African Mint. Retrieved 28 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` Two Cent ( 2c ) ''. South African Mint. Retrieved 28 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` South African currency ''. South African Reserve Bank. Retrieved 28 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` South Africa 's new R5 coin ''. SouthAfrica.info. 28 July 2004. Jump up ^ `` So whose face was on old SA money ? ''. IOL. 8 January 2015. Jump up ^ `` Statement issued by the SARB Governor, Ms G Marcus on counterfeit notes in circulation ''. South African Reserve Bank. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 2010 - 05 - 25. Jump up ^ `` South Africa faulty 100 - rand notes reported Africa ''. BanknoteNews.com. 2010 - 12 - 05. Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 05. Jump up ^ `` South Africa shreds 3.6 million defective 100 - rand notes Africa ''. BanknoteNews.com. 2012 - 05 - 20. Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 05. Jump up ^ `` Nelson Mandela banknotes to be issued by South Africa ''. BBC. 11 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012. Jump up ^ `` Announcement of the Introduction of a New Note Series ''. Resbank.co.za. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 07. Jump up ^ `` Nelson Mandela banknotes issued in South Africa ''. BBC Online. Jump up ^ `` South Africa new banknotes with Omron rings reported ''. BankNote News. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` South African Rand ''. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Banknotes ''. Where 's My Moola. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 19. Further reading Krause, Chester L. ; Clifford Mishler ( 1991 ). Standard Catalog of World Coins : 1801 -- 1991 ( 18th ed. ). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501. Pick, Albert ( 1994 ). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money : General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer ( editors ) ( 7th ed. ). Krause Publications. ISBN 0 - 87341 - 207 - 9. External links South African Reserve Bank Currency Page US Federal Reserve Bank historical exchange rate data South African Currency Page, with a short description of each note. South African Currency Page ( old rand ), a short description of pre-1994 ( apartheid - era ) notes. Preceded by : South African pound Reason : decimalization Ratio : 2 rand = 1 South African pound = 1 British pound Currency of South Africa 1961 -- Succeeded by : Current Currency of South West Africa 1961 -- 1990 Note : administered by / occupied by South Africa since 1915 Currency of Namibia 1990 -- 1993 Legal tender in Namibia 1993 -- Succeeded by : Namibian dollar Reason : withdrawal from Common Monetary Area Ratio : at par Note : dollar introduced in 1993, with South African rand remaining legal tender Currency of Basutoland 1961 -- 1966 Currency of Lesotho 1966 -- 1980 Legal tender in Lesotho 1980 -- Succeeded by : Lesotho loti Note : loti introduced in 1980, with South African rand remaining legal tender Currency of Swaziland 1961 -- 1974 Legal tender in Swaziland 1974 -- 1986 Circulates in Swaziland 1986 -- Succeeded by : Swazi lilangeni Note : lilangeni introduced in 1974. South African rand continues to circulate unofficially Currency of Bechuanaland Protectorate 1961 -- 1966 Currency of Botswana 1966 -- 1976 Succeeded by : Botswana pula Reason : creation of independent currency Economy of South Africa By province Western Cape Gauteng Natural resources Mining industry Coal Agriculture Whaling Industry Automotive industry Services Banks Gambling Tourism Ecotourism LGBT tourism Telecommunications Nuclear power Power stations Economic history Mineral Revolution Witwatersrand Gold Rush Great Depression Disinvestment Affirmative action Black Economic Empowerment Broad - Based Black Economic Empowerment Qualifying Small Enterprises Scorecard Exempted Micro Enterprises Macroeconomics National Treasury Taxation South African rand Reserve Bank Consumer price index Provinces by HDI Misc. Trade unions Corruption Companies JSE Limited Traded companies Krugerrand Currencies of Africa North Algerian dinar Egyptian pound Euro Plazas de soberanía Libyan dinar Mauritanian ouguiya Moroccan dirham Sahrawi peseta ( unrecognized ) Sudanese pound Tunisian dinar Central Angolan kwanza Burundian franc Central African CFA franc Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Congolese franc Rwandan franc East Comorian franc Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Kenyan shilling Seychellois rupee Somali shilling Somaliland shilling ( unrecognized ) South Sudanese pound Tanzanian shilling Ugandan shilling South Botswana pula British pound sterling Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Zimbabwe Euro French Southern and Antarctic Lands Mayotte Réunion Zimbabwe Lesotho loti Malagasy ariary Malawian kwacha Mauritian rupee Mozambican metical Namibian dollar Saint Helena pound South African rand Lesotho Namibia Swaziland Zimbabwe Swazi lilangeni U.S. dollar Zimbabwe Zambian kwacha Zimbabwean dollar ( defunct due to hyperinflation since April 2009 ) Zimbabwean Bond Coins ( since 18 December 2014 - denominated in U.S. Cents ) Zimbabwean Bond Notes ( since 28 November 2016 - denominated in U.S. Dollars ) West Cape Verdean escudo Euro Canary Islands Madeira Gambian dalasi Ghanaian cedi Guinean franc Liberian dollar Nigerian naira São Tomé and Príncipe dobra Sierra Leonean leone West African CFA franc Benin Burkina Faso Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast Mali Niger Senegal Togo Currency symbols ( ¤ ) Circulating ؋ ฿ ₵ ₡ ¢ $ ₫ ֏ € ƒ ₲ ₴ ₾ ₭ ₺ ₼ ₦ ₱ £ 元 圆 圓 ریال ៛ ₽ ₹ ૱ ௹ ꠸ Rs ₪ ৳ ₸ ₮ ₩ ¥ 円 Historic ₳ ₢ ₰ ₯ ₠ ₣ ₤ ₶ RM M ₧ 𐆚 𐆖 𐆙 𐆗 𐆘 Uncirculated ₿ ₥ ₷ Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_rand&oldid=802489234 '' Categories : ISO 4217 Currencies of Africa Circulating currencies Currency symbols 1961 establishments in South Africa Currencies of the Commonwealth of Nations Currencies of South Africa Currencies of Botswana Currencies of Namibia Currencies of Swaziland Currencies of Zimbabwe Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from February 2011 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from April 2012 Use South African English from April 2012 All Wikipedia articles written in South African English Articles containing Afrikaans - language text Articles containing Southern Ndebele - language text Articles containing Xhosa - language text Articles containing Zulu - language text Articles containing Swati - language text Articles containing non-English - language text Articles containing Sotho - language text Articles containing Tswana - language text Articles containing Tsonga - language text Articles containing Venda - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Čeština Dansk Deitsch Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia IsiZulu Italiano עברית ქართული Коми Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Sesotho sa Leboa Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Yorùbá 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 26 September 2017, at 13 : 42. 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Question: what is the currency in south africa called
Answer: rand