United States Department of Education - wikipedia United States Department of Education For the earlier incarnation with the same name, established in 1867, see Office of Education. United States Department of Education Seal of the U.S. Department of Education Flag of the U.S. Department of Education Lyndon Baines Johnson Building, Department Headquarters Department overview Formed October 17, 1979 ; 38 years ago ( 1979 - 10 - 17 ) Preceding agencies Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Office of Education Jurisdiction Federal government of the United States Headquarters Lyndon Baines Johnson Building 400 Maryland Avenue Southwest, Washington, D.C., U.S. Coordinates : 38 ° 53 ′ 11.45 '' N 77 ° 1 ′ 7.86 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 38.8865139 ° N 77.0188500 ° W ﻿ / 38.8865139 ; - 77.0188500 Employees 3912 ( 2018 ) Annual budget $68 billion ( 2016 ) Department executives Betsy DeVos, Secretary Vacant, Deputy Secretary Vacant, Under Secretary Phillip H. Rosenfelt, Acting, General Counsel Key document Department of Education Organization Act Website www.ed.gov The United States Department of Education ( ED or DoED ), also referred to as the ED for ( the ) Education Department, is a Cabinet - level department of the United States government. It began operating on May 4, 1980, having been created after the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services by the Department of Education Organization Act ( Public Law 96 - 88 ), which President Jimmy Carter signed into law on October 17, 1979. The Department of Education is administered by the United States Secretary of Education. It has approximately 4,400 employees and an annual budget of $68 billion ( 2016 ). Its official abbreviation is `` ED '' ( `` DOE '' refers to the United States Department of Energy ) and is also often abbreviated informally as `` DoEd ''. Contents 1 Functions 2 Budget 3 History 3.1 Establishment 3.2 Early history 3.3 Later history 4 Organization 5 See also 5.1 Related legislation 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Functions The primary functions of the Department of Education are to `` establish policy for, administer and coordinate most federal assistance to education, collect data on US schools, and to enforce federal educational laws regarding privacy and civil rights. '' The Department of Education does not establish schools or colleges. Unlike the systems of most other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curricula or educational standards ( with the recent exception of the No Child Left Behind Act ). This has been left to state and local school districts. The quality of educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an informal private process known as accreditation, over which the Department of Education has no direct public jurisdictional control. The Department 's mission is : to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. Aligned with this mission of ensuring equal access to education, the Department of Education is a member of the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, and works with federal partners to ensure proper education for homeless and runaway youth in the United States. Opposition to the Department of Education mainly stems from conservatives, who see the department as an undermining of states rights, and libertarians who believe it results in a state - imposed leveling towards the bottom and low value for taxpayers ' money. Budget Pell Grants : $28.856 B ( 33.0 % ) Federal Direct Student Loan Program : $23.661 B ( 27.1 % ) Title I Grants : $14.41 B ( 16.5 % ) Special education : $12.522 B ( 14.3 % ) Other : $7.92 B ( 9.1 % ) Budget of the Department of Education for FY 2015, showing its largest components Education in the United States By state and in insular areas By subject area History of Issues : Finance -- Law -- Literacy -- Reform Levels : Primary -- Secondary -- Higher Organizations Education portal United States portal For 2006, the ED discretionary budget was $56 billion and the mandatory budget contained $23 billion. In 2009 it received additional ARRA funding of $102 billion. As of 2011, the discretionary budget is $70 billion. History Establishment A previous Department of Education was created in 1867 but was soon demoted to an Office in 1868. As an agency not represented in the president 's cabinet, it quickly became a relatively minor bureau in the Department of the Interior. In 1939, the bureau was transferred to the Federal Security Agency, where it was renamed the Office of Education. In 1953, the Federal Security Agency was upgraded to cabinet - level status as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In 1979, President Carter advocated for creating a cabinet - level Department of Education. Carter 's plan was to transfer most of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 's education - related functions to the Department of Education. Carter also planned to transfer the education - related functions of the departments of Defense, Justice, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, as well as a few other federal entities. Among the federal education - related programs that were not proposed to be transferred were Headstart, the Department of Agriculture 's school lunch and nutrition programs, the Department of the Interior 's Native Americans ' education programs, and the Department of Labor 's education and training programs. Upgrading Education to cabinet level status in 1979 was opposed by many in the Republican Party, who saw the department as unconstitutional, arguing that the Constitution does n't mention education, and deemed it an unnecessary and illegal federal bureaucratic intrusion into local affairs. However, many see the department as constitutional under the Commerce Clause, and that the funding role of the Department is constitutional under the Taxing and Spending Clause. The National Education Association supported the bill, while the American Federation of Teachers opposed it. As of 1979, the Office of Education had 3,000 employees and an annual budget of $12 billion. Congress appropriated to the Department of Education an annual budget of $14 billion and 17,000 employees when establishing the Department of Education. During the 1980 presidential campaign, Gov. Reagan called for the total elimination of the U.S. Department of Education, severe curtailment of bilingual education, and massive cutbacks in the federal role in education. Once in office, President Reagan significantly reduced its budget. Early History The Republican Party platform of 1980 called for the elimination of the Department of Education created under Carter and President Ronald Reagan promised during the 1980 presidential election to eliminate it as a cabinet post, but he was not able to do so with a Democratic House of Representatives. In the 1982 State of the Union Address, he pledged : `` The budget plan I submit to you on Feb. 8 will realize major savings by dismantling the Department of Education. '' By 1984 the GOP had dropped the call for elimination from its platform, and with the election of President George H.W. Bush the Republican position evolved in almost lockstep with that of the Democrats, with Goals 2000 a virtual joint effort. After the Newt Gingrich - led `` revolution '' in 1994 had taken control of both Houses of Congress, federal control of and spending on education soared. That trend continued unabated despite the fact that the Republican Party made abolition of the Department a cornerstone of 1996 platform and campaign promises, calling it an inappropriate federal intrusion into local, state, and family affairs. The GOP platform read : `` The Federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved in school curricula or to control jobs in the market place. This is why we will abolish the Department of Education, end federal meddling in our schools, and promote family choice at all levels of learning. '' In 2000, the Republican Liberty Caucus passed a resolution to abolish the Department of Education. Abolition of the organization was not pursued under the George W. Bush administration, which made reform of federal education a key priority of the President 's first term. In 2008 and 2012, presidential candidate Ron Paul campaigned in part on an opposition to the Department. Later History A construction project to repair and update the building façade at the Department of Education headquarters in 2002 resulted in the installation of structures at all of the entrances to protect employees and visitors from falling debris. ED redesigned these protective structures to promote the No Child Left Behind Act. The structures were temporary and were removed in 2008. Source : U.S. Department of Education, Under President George W. Bush, the Department primarily focused on elementary and secondary education, expanding its reach through the No Child Left Behind Act. The Department 's budget increased by $14 billion between 2002 and 2004, from $46 billion to $60 billion. On March 23, 2007, President George W. Bush signed into law H.R. 584, which designates the ED Headquarters building as the Lyndon B. Johnson Department of Education Building. On February 7, 2017, Representative Thomas Massie ( R - KY ) introduced H.R. 899, a bill to abolish the department. Massie 's bill, which is one sentence long, states, `` The Department of Education shall terminate on December 31, 2018. '' Organization Department of Education structure Office of the Secretary ( OS ) Office of Communications and Outreach ( OCO ) Office of the General Counsel ( OGC ) Office of Inspector General Office of Legislation and Congressional Affairs ( OLCA ) Office for Civil Rights ( OCR ) Office of Educational Technology ( OET ) Institute of Education Sciences ( IES ) National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES ) National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP ) Education Resources Information Center ( ERIC ) Office of Innovation and Improvement ( OII ) Office of the Chief Financial Officer Office of Management Office of the Chief Information Officer Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development Budget Service Risk Management Service Office of the Under Secretary ( OUS ) Office of Postsecondary Education ( OPE ) Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education ( OCTAE ) Office of Federal Student Aid ( FSA ) President 's Advisory Board on Tribal Colleges and Universities ( WHITCU ) President 's Advisory Board on Historically Black Colleges and Universities ( WHIHBCU ) Office of the Deputy Secretary ( ODS ) / Chief Operating Officer Office of Elementary and Secondary Education ( OESE ) Education Facilities Clearinghouse Office of Migrant Education ( OME ) Office of Safe and Healthy Students ( OSHS ) Student Achievement and School Accountability Programs ( SASA ) White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders ( AAPI ) White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics White House Initiative on American Indian and Alaska Native Education White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students ( OELA ) Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services ( OSERS ) National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research ( NIDRR ) Office of Special Education Programs ( OSEP ) Rehabilitation Services Administration ( RSA ) Office of Innovation and Improvement ( OII ) Associated federal organizations Advisory Councils and Committees National Assessment Governing Board ( NAGB ) ( 1 ) National Advisory Council on Indian Education ( NACIE ) Federal Interagency Committee on Education ( FICE ) Advisory Commission on Accessible Instructional Materials in Postsecondary Education for Students with Disabilities National Board for Education Sciences National Board of the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education ( FIPSE ) Federally aided organizations Gallaudet University Howard University National Technical Institute for the Deaf See also Government of the United States portal Education portal Council for Higher Education Accreditation Educational attainment in the United States Free Application for Federal Student Aid FICE code Federal Student Aid National Diffusion Network School Improvement Grant Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations Related legislation 1965 : Elementary and Secondary Education Act ( ESEA ) 1965 : Higher Education Act of 1965 ( HEA ) ( Pub. L. No. 89 - 329 ) 1974 : Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act ( FERPA ) 1974 : Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 ( EEOA ) 1975 : Education for All Handicapped Children Act ( EHA ) ( Pub. L. No. 94 - 142 ) 1978 : Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment 1980 : Department of Education Organization Act ( Pub. L. No. 96 - 88 ) 1984 : Equal Access Act 1990 : The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act ( Clery Act ) 1994 : Improving America 's Schools Act of 1994 2001 : No Child Left Behind Act ( NCLB ) 2004 : Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA ) 2005 : Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 ( HERA ) ( Pub. L. No. 109 - 171 ) 2006 : Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act 2007 : America COMPETES Act 2008 : Higher Education Opportunity Act ( HEOA ) ( Pub. L. No. 110 - 315 ) 2009 : Race to the Top 2009 : Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010 : Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 2015 : Every Student Succeeds Act ( ESSA ) References Jump up ^ Stratford, Michael ( January 22, 2018 ). `` Education Department goes into shutdown mode ''. Politico. Retrieved January 25, 2018. ^ Jump up to : About ED Jump up ^ Department of Education Organization Act As Enacted Jump up ^ What We Do. ED.gov. Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 17. Jump up ^ `` An Overview of the U.S. Department of Education, p. 2 ''. United States Department of Education. Retrieved August 25, 2012. Jump up ^ `` An Overview of the U.S. Department of Education, p. 1 ''. United States Department of Education. Retrieved August 25, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Department of Education Member Agency United States Interagency Council on Homelessness ( USICH ) ''. Usich.gov. Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Laissez - faire - learning ''. Retrieved 2012 - 06 - 28. Jump up ^ `` ED History '' ( PDF ). U.S. Department of Education. 2015 - 09 - 25. Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 28. ^ Jump up to : `` Overview ''. U.S. Department of Education Budget Office. 2011 - 02 - 12. Retrieved 2011 - 03 - 27. Jump up ^ FY2011 Federal Budget Jump up ^ Department of Education Act of 1867 As Enacted Jump up ^ Chap. CLVIII. 14 Stat. 434 from `` A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation : U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 -- 1875 ''. Library of Congress, Law Library of Congress. Retrieved April 25, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Department of Education Outlined ''. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, via Google News. Associated Press. February 9, 1979. Jump up ^ `` House Narrowly Passes Department of Education Bill ''. Spokane, Washington : The Spokesman - Review, via Google News. The New York Times. July 12, 1979. Jump up ^ Hechinger, Fred M ( September 3, 1979 ). `` Federal Education Branch Is Foundering, Leaderless ''. Lexington, North Carolina : The Dispatch, via Google News. New York Times News Service. Jump up ^ `` Education Department Created ''. The Palm Beach Post, via Google News. United Press International. October 18, 1979. Jump up ^ Educational Horizons : `` The Educational Legacy of Ronald Reagan '', Summer 2004 v. 82 n. 4 p. 256 Jump up ^ `` Online Backgrounders : The Department of Education ''. PBS. Fall 1996. Retrieved 2005 - 07 - 26. ^ Jump up to : Veronique de Rugy and Marie Gryphon ( 2004 - 02 - 11 ). `` Elimination Lost : What happened to abolishing the Department of Education ? ''. Cato Institute. Retrieved February 15, 2017. This article originally appeared in National Review Online on February 11, 2004. Jump up ^ `` Education ''. 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 09 - 14. Jump up ^ Stossel, John ( 2007 - 12 - 10 ). `` Ron Paul Unplugged ''. ABC News. Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 30. Jump up ^ `` Paige Fields Team to Leave No Child Behind ''. United States Department of Education. April 11, 2002. Archived from the original on September 24, 2003. Jump up ^ `` President Bush Signs H.R. 584, Designates U.S. Department of Education as the Lyndon Baines Johnson Federal Building ''. Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2007 - 03 - 23. Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 25. Jump up ^ https://massie.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/rep-massie-introduces-bill-to-abolish-federal-department-of-education Further reading Radin, Beryl A., and Willis D. Hawley ( 1988 ). Politics of Federal Reorganization : Creating the U.S. Department of Education, ISBN 978 - 0080339771 Heffernan, Robert V. ( 2001 ). Cabinetmakers : Story of the Three - Year Battle to Establish the U.S. Department of Education, ISBN 978 - 0595158706 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Department of Education. Official website Department of Education in the Federal Register ERIC Digests -- Informational digests on educational topics produced by the U.S. Department of Education before 1983. Works by United States Department of Education at Project Gutenberg Works by or about United States Department of Education at Internet Archive United States Government Manual, Department of Education Agencies under the United States Department of Education Headquarters : 400 Maryland Avenue SW ( Education Department Building ) Betsy Devos, Secretary of Education Vacant, Acting Deputy Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Office for Civil Rights Institute of Education Sciences Deputy Secretary of Education Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools Office of Innovation and Improvement Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services Office of English Language Acquisition Office of Elementary and Secondary Education Under Secretary of Education Office of Federal Student Aid Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education Office of Postsecondary Education White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities Programs National Center for Education Statistics National Library of Education National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Office of Migrant Education Education Resources Information Center National Assessment of Educational Progress Independent organizations Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance National Institute for Literacy National Assessment Governing Board National Board for Education Sciences White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics Federal executive departments of the United States of America Executive Departments Agriculture Commerce Defense Education Energy Health and Human Services Homeland Security Housing and Urban Development Interior Justice Labor State Transportation Treasury Veterans Affairs Former Air Force Army Commerce and Labor Health, Education, and Welfare Navy Post Office War Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Education&oldid=823664408 '' Categories : United States Department of Education 1979 establishments in the United States Education ministries Government agencies established in 1979 United States federal executive departments Hidden categories : Coordinates not on Wikidata Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Български Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Português Русский Simple English Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 February 2018, at 17 : 04. 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Question: how many employees does department of education have
Answer: approximately 4,400