Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo - wikipedia Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo This article is about the Mission San Carlos Borromeo del río Carmelo in Carmel - by - the - Sea. For the Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, see Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo. Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo The façade of the capilla ( chapel ) at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo. Location in the Monterey Peninsula Location 3080 Rio Rd. Carmel - by - the - Sea, California, 93923 Coordinates 36 ° 32 ′ 34 '' N 121 ° 55 ′ 7 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 36.54278 ° N 121.91861 ° W ﻿ / 36.54278 ; - 121.91861 Coordinates : 36 ° 32 ′ 34 '' N 121 ° 55 ′ 7 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 36.54278 ° N 121.91861 ° W ﻿ / 36.54278 ; - 121.91861 Name as founded La Misión San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo English translation The Mission of Saint Charles Borromeo of the Carmel River Patron Saint Charles Borromeo Nickname ( s ) `` Father of the Alta California Missions '' Founding date June 3, 1770 Founding priest ( s ) Father Presidente Junípero Serra Founding Order Second Headquarters of the Alta California Mission System 1771 -- 1815 ; 1819 -- 1824 ; 1827 -- 1830 Military district Third Native tribe ( s ) Spanish name ( s ) Esselen, Ohlone Costeño Native place name ( s ) Ekheya Baptisms 3,827 Marriages 1,032 Burials 2,837 Secularized 1834 Returned to the Church 1859 Governing body Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey Current use Parish Church / Minor Basilica U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name : Carmel Mission Designated October 15, 1966 Reference no. 66000214 U.S. National Historic Landmark Designated October 9, 1960 California Historical Landmark Reference no. 135 Website http://carmelmission.org Mission San Carlos Borromeo del río Carmelo, also known as the Carmel Mission or Mission Carmel, is a Roman Catholic mission church in Carmel - by - the - Sea, California. It is on the National Register of Historic Places and a U.S. National Historic Landmark. The mission was the headquarters of the Alta California missions headed by Saint Junípero Serra from 1770 until his death in 1784. It was also the seat of the second presidente, Father Fermin Francisco de Lasuen. The mission buildings and lands were secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and had fallen into disrepair by the mid-19th century. They were partially restored beginning in 1884. In 1886 it was transferred from the Franciscans to the local diocese and has continued as a parish church since then. It is the only one of the California Missions to have its original bell tower dome. Contents 1 History 1.1 Relocation to Carmel 1.2 Indian baptism and conscription 1.3 Secularized and abandoned 1.4 Restoration 2 Modern use 2.1 Vandalism 3 Notable interments 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 6.1 Bibliography 7 External links History `` The Mission of St. Carlos near Monterrey '' in 1792, from : `` A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World '' by Captain George Vancouver. The mission in ruins circa 1883. Photo by Carleton Watkins The San Carlos Mission circa 1893. Mission Carmel is the second mission built by Franciscan missionaries in Upper California. It was first established as Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, California near the native village of Tamo on June 3, 1770. It was named for Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Italy. It was the site of the first Christian confirmation in Alta California. When the mission moved, the original building continued to operate as the Royal Presidio chapel and later became the current Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo. Relocation to Carmel Pedro Fages, who served as military governor of Alta California between 1770 and 1774, kept his headquarters at the Presidio of Monterey, the capital of Alta California. He worked his men very harshly and was seen as a tyrant. Serra intervened on behalf of Fages ' soldiers, and the two men did not get along. The soldiers raped the Indian woman and kept them as concubines. Serra wanted to put some distance between the missions neophytes and Fages ' soldiers. Serra found that the land near the mouth of the Carmel River ( named Río del Carmelo by Vizcaíno in 1603 ) was better suited for farming. In May 1771, Spain 's viceroy approved Serra 's petition to relocate the mission to its current location, near the Carmelo River. The name of the relocated mission was extended to Mission San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo. It was within a short distance of the Rumsen Ohlone villages of Tucutnut and Achasta. The latter village may have been founded after Mission San Carlos was relocated to Carmel. The mission was about 10 miles ( 16 km ) from the nearest Esselen territory, Excelen. On May 9, 1775, Junípero Serra baptized what appears to be the first Esselen, Pach - hepas, who was the 40 - year - old chief of the Excelen. His baptism took place at Xasáuan, 10 leagues ( about 26 miles ( 42 km ) ) southeast of the mission, in an area now named Cachagua, a close approximation of the Esselen name. Indian baptism and conscription After the Carmel mission was moved to Carmel Valley, the Franciscans began to baptize some natives. By the end of 1771, the population of mission was 15 with an additional 22 baptized Indians, out of a total population of northern California of 60. Farming was not very productive and for several years the mission was dependent upon the arrival of supply ships. Historian Jame Culleton wrote in 1950, `` The summer of ' 73 came without bringing the supply ship. Neither Carmel nor Monterey was anything like self - supporting. '' To improve baptismal rates, they sought to convert key members of the Esselen and Rumsen tribes, including chiefs. This persuaded some Indians to follow them to the mission. The Esselen and Ohlone Indians who lived near the mission were baptized and then forcibly relocated and conscripted into forced labor as plowmen, shepherds, cattle herders, blacksmiths, and carpenters on the mission. Disease, starvation, overwork, and torture decimated these tribes. Native neophyte laborers made the adobe bricks, roof tiles and tools needed to build the mission. In the beginning, the mission relied on bear meat from Mission San Antonio de Padua and supplies brought by ship from Mission San Diego de Alcalá. In 1794, the population reached its peak of 927, but by 1823 the total had dwindled to 381. There was extensive `` comingling of the Costanoan with peoples of different linguistic and cultural background during the mission period. '' On November 20, 1818, French privateer Hipólito Bouchard raided the nearby Monterey Presidio before moving on to other Spanish installations in the south. Secularized and abandoned The mission was secularized by the newly independent Mexican government in August 1833 with the stipulation that half the mission lands would be awarded to the native people. This purpose was largely subverted however. The priests could not maintain the missions without the Indians ' forced labor and they were soon abandoned. The Indians drifted from the mission. Some found work on farms and ranches in exchange for room and board. Restoration The Carmel Mission was in ruins when the Roman Catholic Church regained control of the mission building and the land in 1863. In 1884 Father Angel Casanova began to restore the mission building. In 1931 Monsignor Philip Scher appointed Harry Downie as the curator in charge of mission restoration. Two years later, the church transferred the mission from the Franciscans to the local diocese and it became a regular parish church. In 1960, the mission was designated as a minor basilica by Pope John XXIII. Downie labored for virtually the rest of his life to restore the mission, ancillary buildings and walls, and the grounds. In 1987, Pope John Paul II visited the mission as part of his U.S. tour. `` Mission Carmel '', as it came to be known, was Serra 's favorite and, because it was close to Monterey, the capital of Alta California, he chose it as his headquarters. When he died on August 28, 1784, he was interred beneath the chapel floor. Modern Use The basilica nave. As a result of Downie 's dedicated efforts to restore the buildings, the Carmel mission church is one of the most authentically restored of all the mission churches in California. Mission Carmel has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service. It is an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey. In addition to its activity as a place of worship, Mission Carmel also hosts concerts, art exhibits, lectures and numerous other community events. In 1986, then - pastor Monsignor Eamon MacMahon acquired a magnificent Casavant Frères organ complete with horizontal trumpets. Its hand - painted casework is decorated with elaborate carvings and statuary reflecting the Spanish decorative style seen on the main altar. The mission also serves as a museum, preserving its own history and the history of the area. There are four specific museum galleries : the Harry Downie Museum, describing restoration efforts ; the Munras Family Heritage Museum, describing the history of one of the most important area families ; the Jo Mora Chapel Gallery, hosting rotating art exhibits as well as the monumental bronze and travertine cenotaph ( 1924 ) sculpted by Jo Mora ; and the Convento Museum, which holds the cell Serra lived and died in, as well as interpretive exhibits. At one end of the museum is a special chapel room containing some of the vestments used by Serra. The mission grounds are also the location of the Junipero Serra School, a private Catholic school for kindergartners through 8th grade. Vandalism On September 27, 2015, in response to Serra 's canonization, the San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission was vandalized. The statue of Serra was toppled and splattered with paint, and the cemetery, the mission doors, a fountain, and a crucifix were as well. The message `` Saint of Genocide '' was put on Serra 's tomb, and similar messages were painted elsewhere in the mission courtyard. Notable interments Junípero Serra 's grave inside the church Several notable people are buried in the church and churchyard. Juan Crespí ( 1721 -- 1782 ), Spanish missionary and explorer Fermín Lasuén ( 1736 -- 1803 ), Spanish missionary and explorer José Antonio Roméu, ( 1742 ? -- 1792 ) Spanish governor of California Junípero Serra ( 1713 -- 1784 ), founder of the Spanish missions in California and Saint See also Spanish missions in California Cathedral of San Carlos Borroméo ( aka Royal Presidio Chapel ), Monterey, California USNS Mission Carmel ( AO - 113 ), a Buenaventura Class fleet oiler built during World War II. USNS Mission San Carlos ( AO - 120 ), a Buenaventura Class fleet oiler built during World War II. Notes Jump up ^ Smith, p. 18 : The mission was established in the new location on August 1, 1771 ; the first mass was celebrated on August 24, and Serra officially took up residence in the newly constructed buildings on December 24. References Jump up ^ Leffingwell, p. 113 ^ Jump up to : Krell, p. 83 Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 25 Jump up ^ Yenne, p. 33 ^ Jump up to : Ruscin, p. 196 Jump up ^ Yenne, p. 186 Jump up ^ Forbes, p. 202 Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 195 ^ Jump up to : Krell, p. 315 : as of December 31, 1832 ; information adapted from Engelhardt 's Missions and Missionaries of California. ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( 2010 - 07 - 09 ). `` National Register Information System ''. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Jump up ^ NHL Summary Archived 2008 - 06 - 21 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo ''. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 23. Jump up ^ Dillon, James ( September 4, 1976 ). `` Mission San Carlos De Borromeo Del Rio Carmelo '' ( pdf ). National Register of Historic Places -- Inventory Nomination Form. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2012. Jump up ^ `` Mission San Carlos De Borromeo Del Rio Carmelo '' ( pdf ). Photographs. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2012. ^ Jump up to : Walton, John ( 2003 ). Storied Land : Community and Memory in Monterey. Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press. p. 15ff. ISBN 9780520935679. Retrieved 5 September 2016. Jump up ^ Paddison, p. 23 : Fages regarded the Spanish installations in California as military institutions first, and religious outposts second. Jump up ^ Clark, Donald Thomas. 1991. Monterey County Place Names : a Geographical Dictionary. Carmel Valley, Calif : Kestrel Press. ^ Jump up to : Breschini, Ph. D., Gary S. ( 2000 ). `` Mission San Carlos Borromeo ( Carmel ) ''. Monterey County Historical Museum. Retrieved 22 June 2013. ^ Jump up to : Breschini, Gary S. ; Trudy Haversat. `` A Brief Overview of the Esselen Indians of Monterey County ''. Monterey County Historical Society. Retrieved November 3, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Native Americans of San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo ''. California Missions Resource Center. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Jump up ^ Pritzker, Barry M. ( 2000 ). A Native American Encyclopedia : History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford ( u.a. ) : Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 513877 - 1. Jump up ^ carmelmission.org, Mission History Jump up ^ `` Carmel Mission, Junipero Serra 's favorite place ''. See California. See California. Retrieved 3 April 2017. Jump up ^ Gondosch, Linda. `` Carmel Mission in California ''. American History Tales ( blog ). Wordpress. Retrieved 3 April 2017. Jump up ^ `` San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo ''. missionscalifornia.com. Jump up ^ Edwards, Robert W. ( 2012 ). Jennie V. Cannon : The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif. : East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 523 -- 525, 690. ISBN 9781467545679. An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ( `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2016 - 04 - 29. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 07. ). Jump up ^ `` Museum -- Carmelmission ''. www.carmelmission.org. Jump up ^ `` Mission San Carlos de Borromeo de Carmelo ''. athanasius.com. Jump up ^ `` Californias-Missions.org : Mission San Carlos ''. californias-missions.org. Jump up ^ `` Junipero Serra School ''. juniperoserra.org. Jump up ^ Liam Stack, `` Vandals Desecrate Carmel Mission Where Junípero Serra Is Buried '', New York Times, September 28, 2015, http://mobile.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/us/carmel-california-junipero-serra-pope-francis-vandalism.html. Jump up ^ `` statue of st junipero serra defaced at californias carmel mission ''. Bibliography Forbes, Alexander ( 1839 ). California : A History of Upper and Lower California. Smith, Elder and Co., Cornhill, London. Jones, Terry L. and Kathryn A. Klar ( eds. ) ( 2007 ). California Prehistory : Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. AltaMira Press, Landham, MD. ISBN 0 - 7591 - 0872 - 2. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Krell, Dorothy ( ed. ) ( 1979 ). The California Missions : A Pictorial History. Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0 - 376 - 05172 - 8. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Leffingwell, Randy ( 2005 ). California Missions and Presidios : The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, MN. ISBN 0 - 89658 - 492 - 5. Paddison, Joshua ( ed. ) ( 1999 ). A World Transformed : Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush. Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 1 - 890771 - 13 - 9. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Ruscin, Terry ( 1999 ). Mission Memoirs. Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA. ISBN 0 - 932653 - 30 - 8. Smith, Frances Rand ( 1921 ). The Architectural History of Mission San Carlos Borromeo, California. California Historical Survey Commission, Berkeley, CA. Vancouver, George ( 1801 ). A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World, Volume III. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, London. Yenne, Bill ( 2004 ). The Missions of California. Advantage Publishers Group, San Diego, CA. ISBN 978 - 0811836944. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo. Official Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo website Elevation & Site Layout sketches of the Mission proper Early photographs, sketches, land surveys of Carmel Mission, via Calisphere, California Digital Library Listing and photographs at the Historic American Buildings Survey Howser, Huell ( December 8, 2000 ). `` California Missions ( 105 ) ''. California Missions. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive. Photographs of the mission and courtyard Carmel Mission Cemetery at Find a Grave U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System : Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California Ordinaries Bishop of Two Californias Francisco García Diego y Moreno José Maria González Rubio Bishop of Monterey Joseph Sadoc Alemany Thaddeus Amat y Brusi Bishop of Monterey - Los Angeles Thaddeus Amat y Brusi Francisco Mora y Borrell George Thomas Montgomery Thomas James Conaty John Joseph Cantwell Bishop of Monterey - Fresno John Bernard MacGinley Philip George Scher Aloysius Joseph Willinger Bishop of Monterey in California Harry Anselm Clinch Thaddeus Anthony Shubsda Sylvester Donovan Ryan Richard John Garcia Churches Cathedral Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo Parishes Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission San Juan Bautista Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Mission San Miguel Arcángel Holy Cross Church ( the former Mission Santa Cruz ) Education High school Mission College Preparatory High School, San Luis Obispo Notre Dame High School, Salinas Palma High School, Salinas Saint Francis Central Coast Catholic High School, Watsonville Santa Catalina School, Monterey Catholicism portal Franciscan missions in California San Diego de Alcalá ( 1769 ) San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo ( 1770 ) San Antonio de Padua ( 1771 ) San Gabriel Arcángel ( 1771 ) San Luis Obispo de Tolosa ( 1772 ) San Francisco de Asís ( 1776 ) San Juan Capistrano ( 1776 ) Santa Clara de Asís ( 1777 ) San Buenaventura ( 1782 ) Santa Barbara ( 1786 ) La Purísima Concepción ( 1787 ) Santa Cruz ( 1791 ) Nuestra Señora de la Soledad ( 1791 ) San José ( 1797 ) San Juan Bautista ( 1797 ) San Miguel Arcángel ( 1797 ) San Fernando Rey de España ( 1797 ) San Luis Rey de Francia ( 1798 ) Santa Inés ( 1804 ) San Rafael Arcángel ( 1817 ) San Francisco Solano ( 1823 ) Asistencias Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles ( 1784 ) San Pedro y San Pablo ( 1786 ) Santa Margarita de Cortona ( 1787 ) San Antonio de Pala ( 1816 ) Santa Ysabel ( 1818 ) Estancias San Francisco Xavier ( Castaic ) ( 1804 ) San Bernardino de Sena ( 1819 ) Santa Ana ( 1820 ) Las Flores ( 1823 ) Military districts First, San Diego ( 1769 ) Second, Santa Barbara ( 1782 ) Third, Monterey ( 1770 ) Fourth, San Francisco ( 1776 ) Sonoma Barracks ( 1836 ) Related Architecture of the California missions Mission Revival architecture California mission clash of cultures El Camino Real List of missions Catholicism portal U.S. National Register of Historic Places Topics Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types Lists by states Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Lists by insular areas American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Lists by associated states Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau Other areas District of Columbia Morocco Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo&oldid=835142214 '' Categories : Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Spanish missions in California 1770 in Alta California Carmel - by - the - Sea, California Churches in Monterey County, California Museums in Monterey County, California History museums in California Religious museums in California 1770 establishments in California Religious organizations established in 1770 Roman Catholic churches completed in 1771 Basilica churches in California California Historical Landmarks National Historic Landmarks in California Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in California Roman Catholic churches on the National Register of Historic Places in California Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California History of Monterey County, California Tourist attractions in Monterey County, California National Register of Historic Places in Monterey County, California 18th - century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Nederlands Norsk Edit links This page was last edited on 6 April 2018, at 20 : 30. 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Question: what does mission san carlos borromeo de carmelo mean in english
Answer: The Mission of Saint Charles Borromeo of the Carmel River