Prime minister of Israel - Wikipedia Prime minister of Israel Prime Minister of Israel רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה ‎ Flag of the Prime Minister of Israel Incumbent Benjamin Netanyahu since 31 March 2009 Prime Minister 's Office Style His Excellency Residence Beit Aghion Nominator Knesset Appointer President of Israel Term length 4 years ( maximum ) Inaugural holder David Ben - Gurion Formation 14 May 1948 Deputy Deputy Prime Minister Website pmo.gov.il The Prime Minister of Israel ( Hebrew : רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה ‎, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym : רה ״ מ ‎ ; Arabic : رئيس الحكومة ‎ ‎, Ra'īs al - Ḥukūma ) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics. Although the President of Israel is the country 's head of state, the president 's powers are largely ceremonial ; the prime minister holds most of the real power. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem. The current prime minister is Benjamin Netanyahu of Likud, the ninth person to hold the position ( excluding caretakers ). Following an election, the president nominates a member of the Knesset to become prime minister after asking party leaders whom they support for the position. The nominee then presents a government platform and must receive a vote of confidence in order to become prime minister. In practice, the prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party in the governing coalition. Between 1996 and 2001, the prime minister was directly elected, separately from the Knesset. Contents 1 History 1.1 Direct election 1.2 2003 onwards 2 Order of succession 2.1 Acting, vice and deputy prime minister 2.2 Interim government 3 Prime minister 's residence 4 List of prime ministers 4.1 Term of office in years 4.2 List of Prime Ministers by longevity 5 Living former prime ministers 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links History The office of prime minister came into existence on 14 May 1948, the date of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, when the provisional government was created. David Ben - Gurion, leader of Mapai and head of the Jewish Agency became Israel 's first prime minister. The position became permanent on 8 March 1949, when the first government was formed. Ben - Gurion retained his role until late 1953, when he resigned in order to settle in the Kibbutz of Sde Boker. He was replaced by Moshe Sharett. However, Ben - Gurion returned in a little under two years to reclaim his position. He resigned for a second time in 1963, breaking away from Mapai to form Rafi. Levi Eshkol took over as head of Mapai and prime minister. He became the first prime minister to head the country under the banner of two parties when Mapai formed the Alignment with Ahdut HaAvoda in 1965. In 1968 he also became the only party leader to command an absolute majority in the Knesset, after Mapam and Rafi merged into the Alignment, giving it 63 seats in the 120 - seat Knesset. On 26 February 1969, Eshkol became the first prime minister to die in office, and was temporarily replaced by Yigal Allon. However, Allon 's stint lasted less than a month, as the party persuaded Golda Meir to return to political life and become prime minister in March 1969. Meir was Israel 's first woman prime minister, and the third in the world ( after Sirimavo Bandaranaike and Indira Gandhi ). Meir resigned in 1974 after the Agranat Commission published its findings on the Yom Kippur War, even though it had absolved her of blame. Yitzhak Rabin took over, though he also resigned towards the end of the eighth Knesset 's term following a series of scandals. Those included the suicide of Housing Minister Avraham Ofer after police began investigating allegations that he had used party funds illegally, and the affair involving Asher Yadlin ( the governor - designate of the Bank of Israel ), who was sentenced to five years in prison for having accepted bribes. Rabin 's wife, Leah, was also found to have had an overseas bank account, which was illegal in Israel at the time. Menachem Begin became the first right - wing prime minister when his Likud won the 1977 elections, and retained the post in the 1981 elections. He resigned in 1983 for health reasons, passing the reins of power to Yitzhak Shamir. After the 1984 elections had proved inconclusive with neither the Alignment nor Likud able to form a government, a national unity government was formed with a rotating prime ministership -- Shimon Peres took the first two years, and was replaced by Shamir midway through the Knesset term. Although the 1988 elections produced another national unity government, Shamir was able to take the role alone. Peres made an abortive bid to form a left - wing government in 1990, but failed, leaving Shamir in power until 1992. Rabin became prime minister for the second time when he led Labour to victory in the 1992 elections. After his assassination on 4 November 1995, Peres took over as prime minister. Direct election Israel This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Israel Constitution and Presidency Basic Laws Jerusalem Law Law of Return President ( list ) Reuven Rivlin Executive Prime Minister ( list ) Benjamin Netanyahu Deputy leaders Cabinet Current ( 34th ) Security Cabinet Kitchen Cabinet State Comptroller Legislature Knesset Speaker : Yuli Edelstein Members ( Arab ) Leader of the Opposition Isaac Herzog Knesset Guard Elections Political parties Elections Law Central Elections Committee Referendums Judiciary Supreme Court President : Miriam Naor Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit Administrative divisions Districts Local government Municipalities Local councils Regional councils Foreign relations Arab -- Israeli conflict International law Arab League Israeli -- Palestinian conflict Israel, Palestine, United Nations Israel and the European Union Ambassadors Other countries Atlas During the thirteenth Knesset ( 1992 -- 1996 ) it was decided to hold a separate ballot for prime minister modeled after American presidential elections. This system was instituted in part because the Israeli electoral system makes it all but impossible for one party to win a majority. While only two parties -- Mapai / Labour and Likud -- had ever led governments, the large number of parties or factions in a typical Knesset usually prevents one party from winning the 61 seats needed for a majority. In 1996, when the first such election took place, the outcome was a surprise win for Benjamin Netanyahu after election polls predicted that Peres was the winner. However, in the Knesset election held at the same time, Labour won more votes than any other party ( 27 % ). Thus Netanyahu, despite his theoretical position of power, needed the support of the religious parties to form a viable government. Ultimately Netanyahu failed to hold the government together, and early elections for both prime minister and the Knesset were called in 1999. Although five candidates announced their intention to run, the three representing minor parties ( Benny Begin of Herut -- The National Movement, Azmi Bishara of Balad and Yitzhak Mordechai of the Centre Party ) dropped out before election day, and Ehud Barak beat Netanyahu in the election. However, the new system again appeared to have failed, as although Barak 's One Israel party ( an alliance of Labour, Gesher and Meimad ) won more votes than any other party in the Knesset election, they garnered only 26 seats, the lowest ever by a winning party, meaning that a coalition with six smaller parties was once again necessary. In early 2001, Barak resigned following the outbreak of the al - Aqsa Intifada. However, the government was not brought down, and only elections for prime minister were necessary. In the election itself, Ariel Sharon comfortably beat Barak, taking 62.4 % of the vote. However, because Likud only had 21 seats in the Knesset, Sharon had to form a national unity government. Following Sharon 's victory, it was decided to do away with separate elections for prime minister and return to the previous system. 2003 onwards The 2003 elections were carried out in the same manner as prior to 1996. Likud won 38 seats, the highest by a party for over a decade, and as party leader Sharon was duly appointed PM. However, towards the end of his term and largely as a result of the deep divisions within Likud over Israel 's unilateral disengagement plan, Sharon broke away from his party to form Kadima, managing to maintain his position as prime minister and also becoming the first prime minister not to be a member of either Labour or Likud ( or their predecessors ). However, he suffered a stroke in January 2006, in the midst of election season, leading Ehud Olmert to become acting prime minister in the weeks leading to the elections. He was voted by the cabinet to be interim prime minister just after the 2006 elections, when Sharon had reached 100 days of incapacitation. He thus became Israel 's third interim prime minister, only days before forming his own new government as the official Prime Minister of Israel. In 2008, amid accusations of corruption and challenges from his own party, Olmert announced that he would resign. However his successor Tzipi Livni was unable to form a coalition government. In the election in the following year, while Kadima won the most seats, it was the Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu who was given the task of forming a government. He was able to do so, thus beginning his second term as Prime Minister of Israel. In the 2013 election, the Likud Yisrael Beiteinu alliance emerged as the largest faction. After forming a coalition, Netanyahu secured his third prime ministership. Order of succession If the prime minister dies in office, the cabinet chooses an interim prime minister, to run the government until a new government is placed in power. Yigal Allon served as interim prime minister following Levi Eshkol 's death, as did Shimon Peres following the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin. According to Israeli law, if a prime minister is temporarily incapacitated rather than dies ( as was the case following Ariel Sharon 's stroke in early 2006 ), power is transferred to the acting prime minister, until the prime minister recovers ( Ehud Olmert took over from Sharon ), for up to 100 days. If the prime minister is declared permanently incapacitated, or that period expires, the President of Israel oversees the process of assembling a new governing coalition, and in the meantime the acting prime minister or other incumbent minister is appointed by the cabinet to serve as interim prime minister. In the case of Sharon, elections were already due to occur within 100 days of the beginning of his coma ; thus, the post-election coalition - building process pre-empted the emergency provisions for the selection of a new prime minister. Nevertheless, Olmert was appointed interim prime minister on 16 April 2006, after the elections, just days before he had formed a government on 4 May 2006, to become the official prime minister. Acting, vice and deputy prime minister Aside from the position of acting prime minister, there are also vice prime ministers and deputy prime ministers. Main article : Deputy leaders of Israel Interim government Main article : Deputy leaders of Israel § Interim Government Prime minister 's residence During his term of office, the prime minister lives in Jerusalem. Since 1974, the official residence of the prime minister is Beit Aghion, at the corner of Balfour and Smolenskin streets in Rehavia. List of prime ministers Main article : List of Prime Ministers of Israel Term of office in years Main article : List of Prime Ministers of Israel § Term of office in years List of Prime Ministers by longevity Main article : List of Prime Ministers of Israel by longevity Living former prime ministers As of March 2017, there are two living former prime ministers. The most recent prime minister to die was Shimon Peres ( 1977 / 1984 -- 1986 / 1995 -- 1996 ), who died on 28 September 2016. Benjamin Netanyahu, who served as prime minister from 1996 -- 1999, is currently serving and is thus excluded from this list. Ehud Barak ( 1999 -- 2001 ) ( 1942 - 02 - 12 ) February 12, 1942 ( age 75 ) Ehud Olmert ( 2006 -- 2009 ) ( 1945 - 09 - 30 ) September 30, 1945 ( age 71 ) See also Office of the Prime Minister ( Israel ) Beit Aghion ( or Beit Rosh ha - Memshala, lit. The Residence of the Prime Minister ) References Jump up ^ Flags of the Israel Defense Forces Jump up ^ Basic Law : The Government ( 2001 ) Sections 7a, 13d Jump up ^ Prime Minister Netanyahu. Remember ? Maariv, 30 August 2005 Jump up ^ Q&A : Israel 's political future BBC News, 11 January 2006 Jump up ^ From modesty to monstrosity Haaretz, 1 May 2009 Further reading Avner, Yehuda ( 2010 ). The Prime Ministers : An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership. Israel : Toby Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59264 - 278 - 6. OCLC 758724969. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prime ministers of Israel. Official website All Prime Ministers of Israel Knesset website The PM 's Who Shaped Israel -- slideshow by The First Post Family Trees of all Prime Minister of Israel Prime Ministers of Israel Ben - Gurion ( 1948 -- 53 ) Sharett ( 1953 -- 55 ) Ben - Gurion ( 1955 -- 63 ) Eshkol ( 1963 -- 69 ) Allon ( acting ) Meir ( 1969 -- 74 ) Rabin ( 1974 -- 77 ) Begin ( 1977 -- 83 ) Shamir ( 1983 -- 84 ) Peres ( 1984 -- 86 ) Shamir ( 1986 -- 92 ) Rabin ( 1992 -- 95 ) Peres ( 1995 -- 96 ) Netanyahu ( 1996 -- 99 ) Barak ( 1999 -- 2001 ) Sharon ( 2001 -- 06 ) Olmert ( 2006 -- 09 ) Netanyahu ( 2009 -- present ) Prime minister Prime Ministers by country Abkhazia Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Armenia Artsakh Aruba Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bermuda Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo ( Kinshasa ) Cook Islands Croatia Cuba Curaçao Northern Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica East Timor Egypt Equatorial Guinea Estonia Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France Ghana Georgia Greece Greenland Grenada Guinea Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya North Korea South Korea Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mauritius Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Myanmar ( Burma ) Nagorno - Karabakh Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niue Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa São Tomé and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Ossetia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Sweden Syria Taiwan ( Republic of China ) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam Yemen Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe VIAF : 134074810 LCCN : no2007137136 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Israel&oldid=800411127 '' Categories : Prime Ministers of Israel Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from September 2011 Articles containing Hebrew - language text Articles containing Arabic - language text Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Lëtzebuergesch Македонски Bahasa Melayu 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska اردو Tiếng Việt ייִדיש 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 September 2017, at 11 : 05. 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Question: where does the prime minister of israel live
Answer: Jerusalem