Temporal lobe - wikipedia Temporal lobe Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Lobes of the human brain ( temporal lobe is shown in green ) Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe. Details Part of Cerebrum Artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Vein Inferior anastomotic vein Identifiers Latin Lobus temporalis MeSH A08. 186.211. 730.885. 213.863 NeuroNames hier - 107 NeuroLex ID Temporal Lobe TA A14. 1.09. 136 FMA 61825 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Medial temporal lobe 2 Function 2.1 Visual memories 2.2 Processing sensory input 2.3 Language recognition 2.4 New memories 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Unilateral temporal lesion 3.2 Dominant hemisphere 3.3 Non-dominant hemisphere 3.4 Bitemporal lesions ( additional features ) 3.5 Damage 3.6 Disorders 4 References 5 External links Structure Medial temporal lobe The medial temporal lobe consists of structures that are vital for declarative or long - term memory. Declarative ( denotative ) or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory ( facts ) and episodic memory ( events ). Medial temporal lobe structures that are critical for long - term memory include the hippocampus, along with the surrounding hippocampal region consisting of the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal neocortical regions. The hippocampus is critical for memory formation, and the surrounding medial temporal cortex is currently theorized to be critical for memory storage. The prefrontal and visual cortices are also involved in explicit memory. Research has shown that lesions in the hippocampus of monkeys results in limited impairment of function, whereas extensive lesions that include the hippocampus and the medial temporal cortex result in severe impairment. Function Visual memories The temporal lobe communicates with the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of explicit long - term memory modulated by the amygdala. Processing sensory input Auditory Adjacent areas in the superior, posterior, and lateral parts of the temporal lobes are involved in high - level auditory processing. The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. The primary auditory cortex receives sensory information from the ears and secondary areas process the information into meaningful units such as speech and words. The superior temporal gyrus includes an area ( within the lateral fissure ) where auditory signals from the cochlea first reach the cerebral cortex and are processed by the primary auditory cortex in the left temporal lobe. Visual The areas associated with vision in the temporal lobe interpret the meaning of visual stimuli and establish object recognition. The ventral part of the temporal cortices appear to be involved in high - level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces ( fusiform gyrus ) and scenes ( parahippocampal gyrus ). Anterior parts of this ventral stream for visual processing are involved in object perception and recognition. Animation showing the position of the human left temporal lobe Language recognition The temporal lobe holds the primary auditory cortex, which is important for the processing of semantics in both speech and vision in humans. Wernicke 's area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role ( in tandem with Broca 's area in the frontal lobe ) in speech comprehension. The functions of the left temporal lobe are not limited to low - level perception but extend to comprehension, naming, and verbal memory. New memories See also : Emotion and memory The medial temporal lobes ( near the sagittal plane ) are thought to be involved in encoding declarative long term memory. The medial temporal lobes include the hippocampi, which are essential for memory storage, therefore damage to this area can result in impairment in new memory formation leading to permanent or temporary anterograde amnesia. Clinical significance Unilateral temporal lesion Contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia ( sector anopsia ) Complex hallucinations ( smell, sound, vision, memory ) Dominant hemisphere Receptive aphasia Wernicke 's aphasia Anomic aphasia Dyslexia Impaired verbal memory Word agnosia, word deafness Non-dominant hemisphere Impaired non-verbal memory Impaired musical skills Bitemporal lesions ( additional features ) Deafness Apathy ( affective indifference ) Impaired learning and memory Amnesia, Korsakoff syndrome, Klüver -- Bucy syndrome Damage Individuals who suffer from medial temporal lobe damage have a difficult time recalling visual stimuli. This neurotransmission deficit is due, not to lacking perception of visual stimuli but, to lacking perception of interpretation. The most common symptom of inferior temporal lobe damage is visual agnosia, which involves impairment in the identification of familiar objects. Another less common type of inferior temporal lobe damage is prosopagnosia which is an impairment in the recognition of faces and distinction of unique individual facial features. Damage specifically to the anterior portion of the left temporal lobe can cause savant syndrome. Disorders Pick 's disease, also known as frontotemporal amnesia, is caused by atrophy of the frontotemporal lobe. Emotional symptoms include mood changes, which the patient may be unaware of, including poor attention span and aggressive behavior towards themselves and / or others. Language symptoms include loss of speech, inability to read and / or write, loss of vocabulary and overall degeneration of motor ability. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures ; symptoms include a variety of sensory ( visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustation ) hallucinations, as well as an inability to process semantic and episodic memories. References ^ Jump up to : Starr, Philip A. ; Barbaro, Nicholas M. ; Larson, Paul S. ( 30 November 2008 ). Neurosurgical Operative Atlas : Functional Neurosurgery. Thieme. pp. 16, 26. ISBN 9781588903990. Jump up ^ Sekhar, Laligam N. ; de Oliveira, Evandro ( 1999 ). Cranial Microsurgery : Approaches and Techniques. Thieme. p. 432. ISBN 9780865776982. Jump up ^ `` Temporal Lobe ''. Langbrain. Rice University. Retrieved 2 January 2011. ^ Jump up to : Smith ; Kosslyn ( 2007 ). Cognitive Psychology : Mind and Brain. New Jersey : Prentice Hall. pp. 21, 194 -- 199, 349. Jump up ^ Squire, LR ; Stark, CE ; Clark, RE ( 2004 ). `` The medial temporal lobe '' ( PDF ). Annual Review of Neuroscience. 27 : 279 -- 306. PMID 15217334. doi : 10.1146 / annurev. neuro. 27.070203. 144130. ^ Jump up to : Schacter, Daniel L. ; Gilbert, Daniel T. ; Wegner, Daniel M. ( 2010 ). Psychology ( 2nd ed. ). New York : Worth Publishers. ISBN 9781429237192. Jump up ^ Hickok, Gregory ; Poeppel, David ( May 2007 ). `` The Cortical Organization of Speech Processing ''. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 ( 5 ) : 393 -- 402. PMID 17431404. doi : 10.1038 / nrn2113. Retrieved 24 May 2014. Jump up ^ Pertzov, Y., Miller, T.D., Gorgoraptis, N., Caine, D., Schott, J.M., Butler, C., & Husain, M. ( 2013 ). Binding deficits in memory following medial temporal lobe damage in patients with voltage - gated potassium channel complex antibody - associated limbic encephalitis. Brain : A Journal of Neurology, 136 ( 8 ), 2474 - 2485. Jump up ^ Mizuno, T., & Takeda, K. ( 2009 ). ( The symptomatology of frontal and temporal lobe damages ). Brain And Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyū No Shinpo, 61 ( 11 ), 1209 - 1218. Jump up ^ Treffert, D.A. ( 2009 ). `` The savant syndrome : An extraordinary condition. A synopsis : Past, present, future ''. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences. 364 ( 1522 ) : 1351 -- 7. PMC 2677584. PMID 19528017. doi : 10.1098 / rstb. 2008.0326. Jump up ^ Takeda, N. ; Kishimoto, Y. ; Yokota, O. ( 2012 ). `` Pick 's disease ''. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 724 : 300 -- 316. doi : 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4614 - 0653 - 2_23. Jump up ^ Yokota, O. ; Tsuchiya, K. ; Arai, T. ; Yagishita, S. ; Matsubara, O. ; Mochizuki, A. ; Akiyama, H. ( 2009 ). `` Clinicopathological characterization of Pick 's disease versus frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin / TDP - 43 - positive inclusions ''. Acta Neuropathologica. 117 ( 4 ) : 429 -- 444. PMID 19194716. doi : 10.1007 / s00401 - 009 - 0493 - 4. Jump up ^ Lah, S., & Smith, M. ( 2013 ). Semantic and Episodic Memory in Children With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy : Do They Relate to Literacy Skills ?. Neuropsychology doi : 10.1037 / neu0000029 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temporal lobe. The medial temporal lobe memory system H.M. 's Medial Temporal Lobe Lesion : Findings from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the cerebral cortex of the human brain Frontal lobe Superolateral Prefrontal Superior frontal gyrus 6 8 Middle frontal gyrus 9 10 46 Inferior frontal gyrus : 11 47 - Pars orbitalis Broca 's area 44 - Pars opercularis 45 - Pars triangularis Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Precentral Precentral gyrus Precentral sulcus Medial / inferior Prefrontal Superior frontal gyrus 6 Medial frontal gyrus 8 9 Paraterminal gyrus / Paraolfactory area 12 Straight gyrus 11 Orbital gyri / Orbitofrontal cortex 10 11 12 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex 10 Subcallosal area 25 Olfactory sulcus Orbital sulcus Precentral Paracentral lobule Paracentral sulcus Both Primary motor cortex Premotor cortex 6 Supplementary motor area 6 Supplementary eye field 6 Frontal eye fields 8 Parietal lobe Superolateral Superior parietal lobule 5 7 Inferior parietal lobule 40 - Supramarginal gyrus 39 - Angular gyrus Parietal operculum 43 Intraparietal sulcus Medial / inferior Paracentral lobule 5 Precuneus 7 Marginal sulcus Both Postcentral gyrus / Primary somatosensory cortex Secondary somatosensory cortex 5 Posterior parietal cortex 7 Occipital lobe Superolateral Occipital pole of cerebrum Lateral occipital gyrus 18 19 Lunate sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus Medial / inferior Visual cortex 17 Cuneus Lingual gyrus Calcarine sulcus Temporal lobe Superolateral Transverse temporal gyrus / Auditory cortex 41 42 Superior temporal gyrus 38 22 / Wernicke 's area Middle temporal gyrus 21 Superior temporal sulcus Medial / inferior Fusiform gyrus 37 Medial temporal lobe 27 28 34 35 36 Inferior temporal gyrus 20 Inferior temporal sulcus Interlobar sulci / fissures Superolateral Central ( frontal + parietal ) Lateral ( frontal + parietal + temporal ) Parieto - occipital Preoccipital notch Medial / inferior Longitudinal fissure Cingulate ( frontal + cingulate ) Collateral ( temporal + occipital ) Callosal sulcus Limbic lobe Parahippocampal gyrus anterior Entorhinal cortex Perirhinal cortex Postrhinal cortex Posterior parahippocampal gyrus Prepyriform area Cingulate cortex / gyrus Subgenual area 25 Anterior cingulate 24 32 33 Posterior cingulate 23 31 Isthmus of cingulate gyrus : Retrosplenial cortex 26 29 30 Hippocampal formation Hippocampal sulcus Fimbria of hippocampus Dentate gyrus Rhinal sulcus Other Supracallosal gyrus Uncus Amygdala Insular cortex Insular cortex General Operculum Poles of cerebral hemispheres Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri. GND : 4184705 - 2 NDL : 01162352 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporal_lobe&oldid=807309666 '' Categories : Cerebrum Temporal lobe Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2012 Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 October 2017, at 04 : 59. About Wikipedia

Question: where is the hearing center of the brain located
Answer: The temporal lobe