Lion capital of Ashoka - Wikipedia Lion capital of Ashoka The original Lion Capital. The angle from which this picture has been taken, minus the inverted bell - shaped lotus flower, has been adopted as the National Emblem of India showing the Horse on the left and the Bull on the right of the Ashoka Chakra in the circular base on which the four Indian lions are standing back to back. On the far side there is an Elephant and a Lion. The wheel `` Ashoka Chakra '' from its base has been placed onto the centre of the National Flag of India. The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back, on an elaborate base that includes other animals. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the official Emblem of India in 1950. It was originally placed atop the Aśoka pillar at the important Buddhist site of Sarnath by the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE. The pillar, sometimes called the Aśoka Column, is still in its original location, but the Lion Capital is now in the Sarnath Museum, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Standing 2.15 metres ( 7 feet ) high including the base, it is more elaborate than the other very similar surviving capitals of the pillars of Ashoka bearing the Edicts of Ashoka that were placed throughout India several of which feature single animals at the top ; one other damaged group of four lions survives, at Sanchi. The capital is carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, and was always a separate piece from the column itself. It features four Asiatic Lions standing back to back. They are mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion, separated by intervening spoked chariot - wheels. The whole sits upon a bell - shaped lotus. The capital was originally probably crowned by a ' Wheel of Dharma ' ( Dharmachakra popularly known in India as the `` Ashoka Chakra '' ), with 24 spokes, of which a few fragments were found on the site. A 13th - century replica of the Sarnath pillar and capital in Wat Umong near Chiang Mai, Thailand built by King Mangrai, preserves its crowning Ashoka Chakra or Dharmachakra. The wheel on the capital, below the lions, is the model for the one in the flag of India. Contents 1 Art history 2 Rediscovery 3 Symbolism 4 Government act 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Art history The horse motif on the capital. Currently seven animal sculptures from Ashoka pillars survive. These form `` the first important group of Indian stone sculpture '', though it is thought they derive from an existing tradition of wooden columns topped by animal sculptures in copper, none of which have survived. There has been much discussion of the extent of influence from Achaemenid Persia, where the column capitals supporting the roofs at Persepolis have similarities, and the `` rather cold, hieratic style '' of the Sarnath sculptures especially shows `` obvious Achaemenid and Sargonid influence ''. Very similar four - lion sculptures are on the capitals of the two columns supporting the south torana of the Ashokan or Satavahana enclosure wall round the Great Stupa at Sanchi. Like other Ashoka pillars, the one at Sarnath was probably erected to commemorate a visit by the emperor. Rediscovery The Lion Capital on the ground at Sarnath, before 1911, probably 1904 - 05 There were no surviving traces above ground of the Sarnath pillar, mentioned in the accounts of medieval Chinese pilgrims, when the Indian Civil Service engineer F.O. Oertel, with no real experience in archaeology, was allowed to excavate there in the winter of 1904 - 05. He first uncovered the remains of a Gupta shrine west of the main stupa, overlying an Ashokan structure. To the west of that he found the lowest section of the pillar, upright but broken off near ground level. Most of the rest of the pillar was found in three sections nearby, and then, since the Sanchi capital had been excavated in 1851, the search for an equivalent was continued, and it was found close by. It was both finer in execution and in much better condition than that at Sanchi. The pillar appeared to have been deliberately destroyed at some point. The finds were recognised as so important that the first onsite museum in India ( and one of the few then in the world ) was set up to house them. Symbolism The second stamp of independent India and the first for domestic use. What is being preached may be symbolised by the group of four lions of the capital. A group of four lions joined back to back symbolizes a group of four things of equal importance. The lion is frequently used as a symbol of the Buddha, as at Sanchi, and the animals on the abacus below also have symbolic meaning in Buddhism. The capital is clearly Buddhist and Mauryan in origin and thus probably symbolizes the spread of Dharma, and perhaps the extent of the Maurya Empire in all directions, or four parts of the empire. Alternatively, the group of four lions and bell jointly symbolize preaching of ' the Four Noble Truths ' of Buddhism to all ; those that emphasize the Middle Path. The symbol U with a vertical line placed symmetrically inside it symbolizes ' The Middle Path '. The Middle Path is the fundamental philosophy of Buddhism, the Buddhist Dharma. National Emblem of India A further clue could be the cylindrical portion of the Lion Capital. On the wall of the cylinder the bull, the horse, the Lion and the Elephant all in the moving position are being placed in between the Chakras. These could symbolize Bull, Lion, Horse and Elephant rolling the Chakras. A study of the ancient coins and other archaeological finds of India and Sri Lanka reveals the fact that Buddha had been symbolized with a Horse, Lion, Bull, Elephant and a pair of feet. The Tamil epic Manimekalai mentions worship of a pair of feet. Pairs of feet made of stone had been discovered in Jaffna Peninsula, Anuradhapura and in a number of places of Tamil Nadu.In a number of Buddhist inscriptions of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, a pair of feet had been symbolized with a pair of fish or a pair of conch shells. In this way the symbols sculpted in the cylindrical portion of the Lion Capital represents Buddha rolling the Dhamma Chakra ; that is, Preaching the Dhamma. As Theravada Buddhism rejects symbolization of Buddha and Buddhism, the Lion Capital may be claimed as one of the finest sculptures of the main tradition that developed into Mahayana Buddhism several centuries later. Government Act Whenever the emblem is used by state governments or any other government body, the words Satyameva Jayate in Devanagari script ( सत्यमेव जयते ) has to be used right under the emblem as per the statute, State Emblem of India ( Prohibition of Improper Use ) Act, 2005. Notes Jump up ^ State Emblem, Know India india.gov.in Jump up ^ `` Sarnath site ''. Retrieved 2 October 2014. Jump up ^ Harle, 24 Jump up ^ Allen, caption at start of Chapter 15 Jump up ^ `` Wat Umong Chiang Mai ''. Thailand 's World. Retrieved 26 November 2013. Jump up ^ Himanshu Prabha Ray. The Return of the Buddha : Ancient Symbols for a New Nation. Routledge. p. 123. Jump up ^ Rebecca M. Brown, Deborah S. Hutton. A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture. John Wiley & Sons. p. 423 - 429. Jump up ^ Harle, 22, 24, quoted in turn ; Companion, 429 - 430 ^ Jump up to : Allen, Chapter 15 Jump up ^ India Postage Stamps 1947 - 1988. ( 1989 ) Philately branch, Department of Posts, India. Jump up ^ Souvenir sheet of the Independence series of stamps, Indian Posts, 1948 Jump up ^ `` Has Telangana government got the emblem wrong ? ''. The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 October 2014. References Allen, Charles, Ashoka : The Search for India 's Lost Emperor, 2012, Hachette UK, ISBN 1408703882, 9781408703885, google books `` Companion '' : Brown, Rebecca M., Hutton, Deborah S., eds., A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture, Volume 3 of Blackwell companions to art history, 2011, John Wiley & Sons, 2011, ISBN 1444396323, 9781444396324, google books Harle, J.C., The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, ISBN 0300062176 External links For Pictures of the famous original `` Lion Capital of Ashoka '' preserved at the Sarnath Museum which has been adopted as the `` National Emblem of India '' and the Ashoka Chakra ( Wheel ) from which has been placed in the center of the `` National Flag of India '' - See `` lioncapital '' from Columbia University Website, New York, USA National emblem of India National symbols of India `` National Insignia '', Embassy of India, Washington D.C., USA Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lion_Capital_of_Ashoka&oldid=828095653 '' Categories : Indian art National symbols of India Indian sculpture Lions in art Buddhist symbols Memorials to Ashok Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from December 2015 Use Indian English from December 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Talk Contents About Wikipedia অসমীয়া Azərbaycanca বাংলা Español فارسی Français हिन्दी മലയാളം 日本 語 Português संस्कृतम् Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски தமிழ் 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 28 February 2018, at 15 : 03. 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Question: lion capital of sarnath belongs to which king
Answer: Emperor Ashoka