History of New Hampshire - wikipedia History of New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. New Hampshire was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. Contents 1 Founding : 17th century -- 1775 2 Revolution : 1775 -- 1815 3 Industrialization, abolitionism and politics : 1815 -- 1860 4 Civil War : 1861 -- 1865 5 Prosperity, depression and war : 1865 -- 1950 6 Modern New Hampshire : 1950 -- present 7 See also 8 References 9 Resources 10 Further reading Founding : 17th century -- 1775 Main article : Province of New Hampshire Fort William and Mary in 1705 The colony that became the state of New Hampshire was founded on the division in 1629 of a land grant given in 1622 by the Council for New England to Captain John Mason ( former governor of Newfoundland ) and Sir Ferdinando Gorges ( who founded Maine ). The colony was named New Hampshire by Mason after the English county of Hampshire, one of the first Saxon shires. Hampshire was itself named after the port of Southampton, which was known previously as simply `` Hampton ''. New Hampshire was first settled by Europeans at Odiorne 's Point in Rye ( near Portsmouth ) by a group of fishermen from England under David Thompson in 1623, just three years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Early historians believed the first native - born New Hampshirite, John Thompson, was born there. Fisherman David Thompson had been sent by Mason, to be followed a few years later by Edward and William Hilton. They led an expedition to the vicinity of Dover, which they called Northam. Mason died in 1635 without ever seeing the colony he founded. Settlers from Pannaway, moving to the Portsmouth region later and combining with an expedition of the new Laconia Company ( formed 1629 ) under Captain Neal, called their new settlement Strawbery Banke. In 1638 Exeter was founded by John Wheelwright. In 1631, Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the Upper Plantation ( comprising modern - day Dover, Durham and Stratham ). All the towns agreed to unite in 1639, but meanwhile Massachusetts had claimed the territory. In 1641 an agreement was reached with Massachusetts to come under its jurisdiction. Home rule of the towns was allowed. In 1653 Strawbery Banke petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts to change its name to Portsmouth, which was granted. Map showing several claims and disputed borders between 1691 - 1775 The relationship between Massachusetts and the independent New Hampshirites was controversial and tenuous, and complicated by land claims maintained by the heirs of John Mason. In 1679 King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts, issuing a charter for the royal Province of New Hampshire, with John Cutt as governor. New Hampshire was absorbed into the Dominion of New England in 1686, which collapsed in 1689. After a brief period without formal government ( the settlements were de facto ruled by Massachusetts ) William III and Mary II issued a new provincial charter in 1691. From 1699 to 1741 the governors of Massachusetts were also commissioned as governors of New Hampshire. The province 's geography placed it on the frontier between British and French colonies in North America, and it was for many years subjected to native claims, especially in the central and northern portions of its territory. Because of these factors it was on the front lines of many military conflicts, including King William 's War, Queen Anne 's War, Father Rale 's War, and King George 's War. By the 1740s most of the native population had either been killed or driven out of the province 's territory. Because New Hampshire 's governorship was shared with that of Massachusetts, border issues between the two colonies were not properly adjudicated for many years. These issues principally revolved around territory west of the Merrimack River, which issuers of the Massachusetts and New Hampshire charters had incorrectly believed to flow primarily from west to east. In the 1730s New Hampshire political interest led by Lieutenant Governor John Wentworth were able to raise the profile of these issues to colonial officials and the crown in London, even while Governor and Massachusetts native Jonathan Belcher preferentially granted land to Massachusetts interests in the disputed area. In 1741 King George II ruled that the border with Massachusetts was approximately what it is today, and also separated the governorships of the two provinces. Benning Wentworth in 1741 became the first non-Massachusetts governor since Edward Cranfield succeeded John Cutt in the 1680s. Wentworth promptly complicated New Hampshire 's territorial claims by interpreting the provincial charter to include territory west of the Connecticut River, and began issuing land grants in this territory, which was also claimed by the Province of New York. The so - called New Hampshire Grants area became a subject of contention from the 1740s until the 1790s, when it was admitted to the United States as the state of Vermont. Revolution : 1775 -- 1815 Broadside statement of Congress of the Colony of New Hampshire, referencing `` sudden & abrupt departure '' of Royal Governor John Wentworth, January 1776 New Hampshire was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted with the British rule in the American Revolution. In January 1776, it became the first colony to set up an independent government and the first to establish a constitution, but the latter explicitly stated `` we never sought to throw off our dependence on Great Britain '', meaning that it was not the first to actually declare its independence ( that distinction instead belongs to Rhode Island ). The historic attack on Fort William and Mary ( now Fort Constitution ) helped supply the cannon and ammunition for the Continental Army that was needed for the Battle of Bunker Hill that took place north of Boston a few months later. New Hampshire raised three regiments for the Continental Army, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd New Hampshire regiments. New Hampshire Militia units were called up to fight at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Bennington, Saratoga Campaign and the Battle of Rhode Island. John Paul Jones ' ship the Sloop - of - war USS Ranger and the frigate USS Raleigh were built in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, along with other naval ships for the Continental Navy and privateers to hunt down British merchant shipping. Concord was named the state capital in 1808. Order by John Taylor Gilman, State Treasurer and later Governor, 1784 Industrialization, abolitionism and politics : 1815 -- 1860 Map of the Republic of Indian Stream In the 1830s, New Hampshire saw a major news story : the founding of the Republic of Indian Stream on its northern border with Canada over the unresolved post-revolutionary war border issue. Abolitionists from Dartmouth College founded the experimental, interracial Noyes Academy in Canaan, New Hampshire in 1835. Rural opponents of the school eventually dragged the school away with oxen before lighting it ablaze to protest integrated education, within months of the school 's founding. Abolitionist sentiment was a strong undercurrent in the state, with significant support given the Free Soil Party of John P. Hale. However the conservative Jacksonian Democrats usually maintained control, under the leadership of editor Isaac Hill. In 1856 the new Republican Party headed by Amos Tuck produced a political revolution. Civil War : 1861 -- 1865 Further information : Union ( American Civil War ) After Abraham Lincoln gave speeches in March 1860, he was well regarded. However, the radical wing of the Republican Party increasingly took control. As early as January 1861, top officials were secretly meeting with Governor John A. Andrew of Massachusetts to coordinate plans in case the war came. Plans were made to rush militia units to Washington in an emergency. New Hampshire fielded 31,650 enlisted men and 836 officers during the American Civil War ; of these, 1,803 enlisted men and 131 officers were killed or wounded. The state provided eighteen volunteer infantry regiments ( thirteen of which were raised in 1861 in response to Lincoln 's call to arms ), three rifle regiments ( who served in the 1st United States Sharpshooters and 2nd United States Sharpshooters ), one cavalry battalion ( the 1st New Hampshire Volunteer Cavalry, which was attached to the 1st New England Volunteer Cavalry ), and two artillery units ( the 1st New Hampshire Light Battery and 1st New Hampshire Heavy Artillery ), as well as additional men for the Navy and Marine Corps. Among the most celebrated of New Hampshire 's units was the 5th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel Edward Ephraim Cross. Called the `` Fighting Fifth '' in newspaper accounts, the regiment was considered among the Union 's best both during the war ( Major General Winfield Scott called the regiment `` refined gold '' in 1863 ) and by historians afterward. The Civil War veteran and early Civil War historian William F. Fox determined that this regiment had the highest number of battle - related deaths of any Union regiment. The 20th - century historian Bruce Catton said that the Fifth New Hampshire was `` one of the best combat units in the army '' and that Cross was `` an uncommonly talented regimental commander. '' The critical post of state Adjutant General was held in 1861 - 64 by elderly politician Anthony C. Colby ( 1792 - 1873 ) and his son Daniel E. Colby ( 1816 - 1891 ). They were patriotic, but were overwhelmed with the complexity of their duties. The state had no track of men who enlisted after 1861 ; no personnel records or information on volunteers, substitutes, or draftees. There was no inventory of weaponry and supplies. Nathaniel Head ( 1828 - 1883 ) took over in 1864, obtained an adequate budget and office staff, and reconstructed the missing paperwork. As a result, widows, orphans, and disabled veterans received the postwar payments they had earned. Main article : List of New Hampshire Civil War units Prosperity, depression and War : 1865 -- 1950 1922 map of New Hampshire published in the bulletin of the Brown Company in Berlin Between 1884 and 1903, New Hampshire attracted many immigrants. French Canadian migration to the state was significant, and at the turn of the century, French Canadians represented 16 percent of the state 's population, and one - fourth the population of Manchester. Polish immigration to the state was also significant ; there were about 850 Polish Americans in Manchester in 1902. The textile industry was hit hard by the depression and growing competition from southern mills. The closing of the Amoskeag Mills in 1935 was a major blow to Manchester, as was the closing of the former Nashua Manufacturing Company mill in Nashua in 1949 and the bankruptcy of the Brown Company paper mill in Berlin in the 1940s, which led to new ownership. Modern New Hampshire : 1950 -- present The post-World War II decades have seen New Hampshire increase its economic and cultural links with the greater Boston, Massachusetts, region. This reflects a national trend, in which improved highway networks have helped metropolitan areas expand into formerly rural areas or small nearby cities. The replacement of the Nashua textile mill with defense electronics contractor Sanders Associates in 1952 and the arrival of minicomputer giant Digital Equipment Corporation in the early 1970s helped lead the way toward southern New Hampshire 's role as a high - tech adjunct of the Route 128 corridor. The postwar years saw the rise of New Hampshire 's political primary for President of the United States, which as the first primary in the quadrennial campaign season draws enormous attention. See also Main article : Historical outline of New Hampshire Abenaki Gove 's Rebellion History of New England List of newspapers in New Hampshire in the 18th century New Hampshire historical markers Northern boundary of Massachusetts Old Man of the Mountain Paper Money Riot Pennacook Timeline of Manchester, New Hampshire References Jump up ^ `` The Contact Era ''. SeacoastNH.com. The largely unsung founder of New Hampshire is David Thompson ( spelled `` Thomson '' by some accounts ). Thompson 's father worked for Sir Ferdinando Gorges of Plymouth, a most powerful English noble who had received the rights from King James I to set up the first two American `` plantations '' at Jamestown and Plymouth. Jump up ^ `` NH Firsts and Bests ''. State of New Hampshire official website. Retrieved January 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Mara Vorhees ; Glenda Bendure ; Ned Friary ; Richard Koss ; John Spelman ( 1 May 2008 ). New England. Lonely Planet. p. 30. ISBN 978 - 1 - 74104 - 674 - 8. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Jump up ^ Lyford, James ; Amos Hadley ; Howard F. Hill ; Benjamin A. Kimball ; Lyman D. Stevens ; John M. Mitchell ( 1903 ). History of Concord, N.H. ( PDF ). Concord, N.H. : The Rumford Press. pp. 324 -- 326. Jump up ^ Richard F. Miller, ed., States at war : a reference guide for Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont in the Civil War ( 2013 ) 1 : 368 - 69 ^ Jump up to : Bruce D. Heald, New Hampshire and the Civil War : Voices from the Granite State ( History Press, 2012 ). ^ Jump up to : Mike Pride & Mark Travis, My Brave Boys : To War with Colonel Cross and the Fighting Fifth, University Press of New England, 2001. Jump up ^ Miller, ed., States at war ( 2013 ) 1 : 366 - 7 ^ Jump up to : Wilfrid H. Paradis, Upon This Granite : Catholicism in New Hampshire, 1647 - 1997 ( 1998 ), pp. 111 - 12. Resources Online books : New Hampshire New Hampshire : a Guide to the Granite State : `` Chronology ''. Boston : Houghton Mifflin American Guide Series. Federal Writers ' Project ( 1938 ) A Very Grave Matter Further reading Adams, James Truslow. The Founding of New England ( 1921 ) ; * Adams, James Truslow. Revolutionary New England, 1691 -- 1776 ( 1923 ) ; * Adams, James Truslow. New England in the Republic, 1776 -- 1850 ( 1926 ) Axtell, James, ed. The American People in Colonial New England ( 1973 ), new social history Belknap, Jeremy. The History of New Hampshire ( 1791 -- 1792 ) 3 vol classic Volume 1, or the 1862 edition with corrections. at books. google. Black, John D. The rural economy of New England : a regional study ( 1950 Brereton Charles. First in the Nation : New Hampshire and the Premier Presidential Primary. Portsmouth, NH : Peter E. Randall Publishers, 1987. Bidwell, P.W. and John Falconer, The History of Agriculture in the Northern United States to 1860 ( 1925 ) Brewer, Daniel Chauncey. Conquest of New England by the Immigrant ( 1926 ). Cash Kevin. Who the Hell Is William Loeb ? Manchester, NH : Amoskeag Press, 1975. Cole, Donald B. Jacksonian Democracy in New Hampshire, 1800 -- 1851 ( 1970 ). Conforti, Joseph A. Imagining New England : Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century ( 2001 ) Daniell, Jere. Experiment in Republicanism ( 1970 ), colonial political history Daniell, Jere. Colonial New Hampshire : A History ( 1982 ). Dwight, Timothy. Travels Through New England and New York ( circa 1800 ) 4 vol. ( 1969 ) Online at : vol 1 ; vol 2 ; vol 3 ; vol 4 Hall, Donald, ed. Encyclopedia of New England ( 2005 ), hundreds of long articles by scholars Hareven, Tamara. Family Time and Industrial Time ( 1982 ), social history of workers at Amoskeag Mills in Manchester Jager, Ronald and Grace Jager. The Granite State New Hampshire : An Illustrated History ( 2000 ) Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman : Witchcraft in Colonial New England ( 1998 ), new social history Lockard, Duane. New England State Politics ( 1959 ) pp 46 -- 78 ; covers 1932 - 1958 McClintock, John N. Colony, Province, State, 1623 - 1888 : History of New Hampshire Published 1889. McPhetres, S.A. A political manual for the campaign of 1868, for use in the New England states, containing the population and latest election returns of every town ( 1868 ) Miller, Richard F. ed. States at War, Volume 1 : A Reference Guide for Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont in the Civil War ( 2013 ) excerpt Morison, Elizabeth Forbes and Elting E. Morison - New Hampshire : A Bicentennial History ( 1976 ) Palfrey, John Gorham. History of New England ( 5 vol 1859 -- 90 ) Palmer, Niall A. The New Hampshire Primary and the American Electoral Process ( 1997 ) Peirce, Neal R. The New England States : People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States ( 1976 ) pp 285 -- 361 ; updated in Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom, The Book of America : Inside the Fifty States Today ( 1983 ) pp 201 -- 7 Renda, Lex. Running on the Record : Civil War Era Politics in New Hampshire ( 1997 ) politicians and voters ; many statistical details Richardson, Leon Burr. William E. Chandler, Republican ( 1940 ), late 19th century politics Sanborn, Edwin David. History of New Hampshire, from Its First Discovery to the Year 1830 ( 1875, 422 pages ) Scala, Dante J. Stormy Weather : The New Hampshire Primary and Presidential Politics ( 2003 ) Squires, J. Duane. The Granite State of the United States : A History of New Hampshire from 1623 to the Present ( 1956 ) vol 1 Turner, Lynn Warren. The Ninth State : New Hampshire 's Formative Years ( 1983 ) Upton, Richard Francis. Revolutionary New Hampshire : An Account of the Social and Political Forces Underlying the Transition from Royal Province to American Commonwealth ( 1936 ) Whiton, John Milton. Sketches of the History of New - Hampshire, from Its Settlement in 1623, to 1833. Published 1834, 222 pages. Wilson, H.F. The Hill Country of Northern New England : Its Social and Economic History, 1790 -- 1930 ( 1936 ) Wright, James. The Progressive Yankees : Republican Reformers in New Hampshire, 1906 -- 1916 ( 1987 ) Federal Writers ' Project ( 1938 ). New Hampshire : a Guide to the Granite State. American Guide Series. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. Zimmerman, Joseph F. The New England Town Meeting : Democracy in Action ( 1999 ) State of New Hampshire Concord ( capital ) Topics Index History Geography People Government Delegations Constitution General Court Executive Council Governor Supreme Court Elections Symbols Tourist attractions Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics Regions Dartmouth -- Lake Sunapee Great North Woods Lakes Region Merrimack Valley Monadnock Seacoast White Mountains Counties Belknap Carroll Cheshire Coös Grafton Hillsborough Merrimack Rockingham Strafford Sullivan Cities Berlin Claremont Concord Dover Franklin Keene Laconia Lebanon Manchester Nashua Portsmouth Rochester Somersworth Towns Acworth Albany Alexandria Allenstown Alstead Alton Amherst Andover Antrim Ashland Atkinson Auburn Barnstead Barrington Bartlett Bath Bedford Belmont Bennington Benton Bethlehem Boscawen Bow Bradford Brentwood Bridgewater Bristol Brookfield Brookline Campton Canaan Candia Canterbury Carroll Center Harbor Charlestown Chatham Chester Chesterfield Chichester Clarksville Colebrook Columbia Conway Cornish Croydon Dalton Danbury Danville Deerfield Deering Derry Dorchester Dublin Dummer Dunbarton Durham East Kingston Easton Eaton Effingham Ellsworth Enfield Epping Epsom Errol Exeter Farmington Fitzwilliam Francestown Franconia Freedom Fremont Gilford Gilmanton Gilsum Goffstown Gorham Goshen Grafton Grantham Greenfield Greenland Greenville Groton Hampstead Hampton Hampton Falls Hancock Hanover Harrisville Hart 's Location Haverhill Hebron Henniker Hill Hillsborough Hinsdale Holderness Hollis Hooksett Hopkinton Hudson Jackson Jaffrey Jefferson Kensington Kingston Lancaster Landaff Langdon Lee Lempster Lincoln Lisbon Litchfield Littleton Londonderry Loudon Lyman Lyme Lyndeborough Madbury Madison Marlborough Marlow Mason Meredith Merrimack Middleton Milan Milford Milton Monroe Mont Vernon Moultonborough Nelson New Boston Newbury New Castle New Durham Newfields New Hampton Newington New Ipswich New London Newmarket Newport Newton Northfield North Hampton Northumberland Northwood Nottingham Orange Orford Ossipee Pelham Pembroke Peterborough Piermont Pittsburg Pittsfield Plainfield Plaistow Plymouth Randolph Raymond Richmond Rindge Rollinsford Roxbury Rumney Rye Salem Salisbury Sanbornton Sandown Sandwich Seabrook Sharon Shelburne South Hampton Springfield Stark Stewartstown Stoddard Strafford Stratford Stratham Sugar Hill Sullivan Sunapee Surry Sutton Swanzey Tamworth Temple Thornton Tilton Troy Tuftonboro Unity Wakefield Walpole Warner Warren Washington Waterville Valley Weare Webster Wentworth Westmoreland Whitefield Wilmot Wilton Winchester Windham Windsor Wolfeboro Woodstock Townships Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant Bean 's Grant Bean 's Purchase Cambridge Chandler 's Purchase Crawford 's Purchase Cutt 's Grant Dix 's Grant Dixville Erving 's Location Green 's Grant Hadley 's Purchase Hale 's Location Kilkenny Livermore Low and Burbank 's Grant Martin 's Location Millsfield Odell Pinkham 's Grant Sargent 's Purchase Second College Grant Success Thompson and Meserve 's Purchase Wentworth 's Location Years in New Hampshire ( 1788 -- present ) 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 2017 2018 2019 2020 History of the United States by polity States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Federal district Washington, D.C. Insular areas American Samoa The Marianas Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Outlying islands Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Palmyra Atoll Wake Island Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_New_Hampshire&oldid=805782257 '' Categories : History of New Hampshire History of the United States by state Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 17 October 2017, at 16 : 19. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: when was new hampshire made a seperate colony
Answer: 1629