Jai alai - wikipedia Jai alai This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2012 ) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. ( April 2011 ) Jai alai Jai alai play in progress First played 14th century Characteristics Contact No Team members Various Type Indoor -- outdoor Equipment pelota, xistera / cesta Jai alai ( / ˈhaɪ. əlaɪ / ; Basque : ( ˈxai aˈlai ) ) is a sport involving a ball bounced off a walled space by accelerating it to high speeds with a hand - held device ( cesta ). It is a variation of Basque pelota. The term, coined by Serafin Baroja in 1875, is also often loosely applied to the fronton ( the open - walled playing area ) where the sport is played. The game is called `` zesta - punta '' ( basket tip ) in Basque. The Basque Government promotes jai alai as `` the fastest sport in the world '' because of the speed of the ball. The sport once held the world record for ball speed with a 125 -- 140 g ball covered with goatskin that traveled at 302 km / h ( 188 mph ), performed by José Ramón Areitio at the Newport Rhode Island Jai Alai, until it was broken by Canadian 5 - time long drive champion Jason Zuback on a 2007 episode of Sport Science with a golf ball speed of 328 km / h ( 204 mph ). Contents 1 Rules and customs 2 Industry 2.1 The Philippines 2.2 United States 2.2. 1 Amateur jai - alai 3 References 4 External links Rules and customs Long xistera The court for jai alai consists of walls on the front, back and left, and the floor between them. If the ball ( called a `` pelota '', `` ball '' in Euskara ) touches the floor outside these walls, it is considered out of bounds. Similarly, there is also a border on the lower 3 feet ( 0.9 m ) of the front wall that is also out of bounds. The ceiling on the court is usually very high, so the ball has a more predictable path. The court is divided by 14 parallel lines going horizontally across the court, with line 1 closest to the front wall and line 14 the back wall. In doubles, each team consists of a frontcourt player and a backcourt player. The game begins when the frontcourt player of the first team serves the ball to the second team. The winner of each point stays on the court to meet the next team in rotation. Losers go to the end of the line to await another turn on the court. The first team to score 7 points ( or 9 in Superfecta games ) wins. The next highest scores are awarded `` place '' ( second ) and `` show '' ( third ) positions, respectively. Playoffs decide tied scores. A jai alai game is played in round robin format, usually between eight teams of two players each or eight single players. The first team to score 7 or 9 points wins the game. Two of the eight teams are in the court for each point. The server on one team must bounce the ball behind the serving line, then with the cesta `` basket '' hurl it towards the front wall so it bounces from there to between lines 4 and 7 on the floor. The ball is then in play. The ball used in jai alai consists of metal strands tightly wound together and then wrapped in goat skin. Teams alternate catching the ball in their cesta and throwing it `` in one fluid motion '' without holding or juggling it. The ball must be caught either on the fly or after bouncing once on the floor. A team scores a point if an opposing player : fails to serve the ball directly to the front wall so that upon rebound it will bounce between lines No. 4 and 7. If it does not, it is an under or over serve and the other team will receive the point. fails to catch the ball on the fly or after one bounce holds or juggles the ball hurls the ball out of bounds interferes with a player attempting to catch and hurl the ball The team scoring a point remains in the court and the opposing team rotates off the court to the end of the list of opponents. Points usually double after the first round of play, once each team has played at least one point. The players frequently attempt a `` chula '' shot, where the ball is played off the front wall very high, then reaches the bottom of the back wall by the end of its arc. The bounce off the bottom of the back wall can be very low, and the ball is very difficult to return in this situation. Since there is no wall on the right side, all jai alai players must play right - handed ( wear the cesta on their right hand ), as the spin of a left - handed hurl would send the ball toward the open right side. The sport can be dangerous, as the ball travels at high velocities. It has led to injuries that caused players to retire and fatalities have been recorded in some cases. Industry Jai alai arena in Mexico City near the Monument to the Revolution. Jai alai is a popular sport within the Latin American countries and the Philippines from its Hispanic influence. It was one of the two gambling sports from Europe, the other being horse racing, in the semi-colonial Chinese cities of Shanghai and Tianjin, and was shut down after the communist victory there. The jai alai arena in Tianjin 's former Italian Concession was then confiscated and turned into a recreation center for the city 's working class. The Philippines Jai alai was played in Manila at the Manila Jai Alai Building, one of the most significant Art Deco buildings in Asia, which was torn down in 2000 by the Manila city government. In 1986, jai alai was banned in the Philippines because of problems with game fixing. However, jai alai returned to the Philippines in March 2010. In 2011, jai - alai was briefly shut down in the province of Pangasinan because of its connection to illegal jueteng gambling but was reopened after a court order. United States Miami Jai Alai fronton, built in 1926 and known as `` The Yankee Stadium of Jai Alai '' In the United States, jai alai enjoyed some popularity as a gambling alternative to horse racing, greyhound racing, and harness racing, and remains popular in Florida, where the game is used as a basis for Parimutuel betting at six frontons throughout the state : Dania Beach, Fort Pierce, Jasper, Maitland, Miami, and Reddick. There also are plans for a fronton in Plano, Texas. The first jai alai fronton in the United States was located in St. Louis, Missouri, operating around the time of the 1904 World 's Fair. The first fronton in Florida opened at the site of Hialeah Race Course near Miami ( 1924 ). The fronton was relocated to its present site in Miami near Miami International Airport. Year - round jai alai operations include Miami Jai - Alai Fronton ( the biggest in the world with a record audience of 15,502 people on 27 December 1975 ) and Dania Jai Alai. Seasonal facilities are Fort Pierce Jai Alai, Ocala Jai Alai and Hamilton Jai Alai. The Tampa Jai Alai operated for many years before closing in the late 1990s. Inactive jai alai permits are located in Tampa, Daytona Beach, West Palm Beach, and Quincy. One Florida fronton, in Melbourne, was converted from jai alai to greyhound racing. By contrast, jai alai 's popularity in the northeastern and western United States waned as other gambling options became available. In Connecticut, frontons in Hartford and Milford permanently closed, while the fronton in Bridgeport was converted to a greyhound race track. The fronton at Newport Jai Alai in Newport, Rhode Island has been converted to Newport Grand, a slot machine and video lottery terminal parlor. Jai alai enjoyed a brief and popular stint in Las Vegas with the opening of a fronton at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino ; however, by the early 1980s the fronton was losing money and was closed by MGM Grand owner Kirk Kerkorian. The MGM Grand in Reno also showcased jai alai for a very short period ( 1978 -- 1980 ). In an effort to prevent the closure of frontons in Florida, the Florida State Legislature passed HB 1059, a bill that changed the rules regarding the operation and wagering of poker in a Pari - Mutuel facility such as a jai alai fronton and a greyhound and horseracing track. The bill became law on August 6, 2003. Although the sport has been in decline in America for several years, the first public amateur jai alai facility was built in the United States in 2008, in St. Petersburg, Florida, with the assistance of the city of St. Petersburg and private funding from Jeff Conway ( Laca ). Jai alai is virtually unknown in the western United States but still maintains some popularity in parts of the Northeast. Amateur jai - alai In addition to the amateur court in St. Petersburg, The American Jai - Alai Foundation whose president Victor Valcarce was a pelotari at Dania Jai - Alai ( MAGO # 86 ) and was considered the best `` pelota de goma '' ( rubber ball ) player in the world, sponsors ( in North Miami Beach, Florida ) the only indoor air conditioned cancha, ( once owned by World Jai - Alai as a school that, in 1972, produced the greatest American pelotari, Joey Cornblit # 37 ) that is still open with free lessons from some of the sport 's best. During the late 1960s, in addition to North Miami Amateur, there was at least one other amateur court. From International Amateur Jai - Alai in South Miami professional players emerged including `` RANDY '' # 44 at World Jai - Alai, regarded as the first American pelotari who turned pro in 1968 and enjoyed a lengthy career. In the 1970s and early 1980s Orbea 's Jai - Alai in Hialeah featured four indoor courts. Two of the courts played with hard rubber balls ( `` pelota de goma '' ) were shorter than a standard court ( 75 ' / 90 ' ) & used for training players and amateur leagues. There were also two courts played with the regulation pelota ( hardball / `` pelota dura '' ), one short in length ( 115 ' ) and one regulation length ( 150 ' ). Orbea 's also sold equipment such as cestas and helmets. Retired players visited and played as well as highly skilled amateurs, pros from Miami Jai - Alai and various other professional frontons operating at the time. What the South Miami, North Miami, Orbea & later the Milford amateur courts contributed to what is thought to be the golden age of the amateur jai - alai player & the sport in the United States is impressive. In the late 1980s at least one other amateur court was constructed in Connecticut. At Dania Jai Alai, there is a `` Hall of Fame '' to document the best front and back court players. References Jump up ^ Skiena, Stephen. Calculated bets : computers, gambling, and mathematical modeling to win, p. 25 Jump up ^ Steven, Skiena ( 2001 ). Calculated Bets. United States of America : Cambridge University Press. p. 24. ISBN 0 - 521 - 00962 - 6. Since the 1920s at least four players have been killed by an jai alai ball... Jump up ^ http://www.artofmanliness.com/2009/11/19/the-return-of-jai-alai/ ^ Jump up to : Villalon, Toti ( July 15, 2012 ). `` Remember jai alai : Stop making Manila heritage demolition victim ''. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Jump up ^ Philippine News Agency ( September 7, 2011 ). `` Jai - alai back with vengeance in Pangasinan ''. InterAksyon.com The online news portal of TV5. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` WHAT HAPPENED TO JAI ALAI ? ''. SB Nation. 2013 - 02 - 28. Jump up ^ Dick Kleiner ( Aug 20, 1978 ). `` Reno Gambles On Future ''. The Prescott Courier. Jump up ^ `` Jai - Alai Chronology -- Significant Dates ''. Jump up ^ `` Sport : Did Joey Eat ? ''. Time. 30 January 1978. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jai alai. `` The History of basque Pelota in the Americas '' by Carmelo Urza Basque pelota Federations Spanish Federation of Basque Pelota International Federation of Basque Pelota Companies Asegarce ASPE Fronton grounds Astelena Atano III Beotibar Bergara Gros Deportivo Ogueta Vitoriano Tournaments Basque Pelota World Championships Bare - handed Pelota First League Bare - handed Pelota Second League Bare - handed Pelota First League Doubles Cuatro y Medio Euskadi Championship Notable Pelotaris Atano III Txiquito de Iraeta Txiquito de Éibar Retegi II Ogueta Beloki Eugi Titín III Pelota at the Olympics 1900 1924 ( demonstration ) 1968 ( demonstration ) 1992 ( demonstration ) Defunct frontons Beti Jai Fiesta Alegre Related articles Fronton Basque pelota ball Valencian frontó International fronton Paleta Frontón Frontenis Jai alai Team sports Sport Governing bodies Sportspeople National sport Basket sports Basketball beach deaf 3x3 water wheelchair Cestoball Korfball Netball Fast5 indoor wheelchair Rezball Ringball Slamball Football codes Association football amputee beach freestyle Futsal indoor Jorkyball paralympic powerchair roller street walking Australian rules football Lightning football Metro footy Nine - a-side Rec footy Gaelic football Ladies ' Circle rules football Gridiron codes American football eight - man flag nine - man six - man sprint touch wheelchair Canadian football Indoor American football Arena football Hybrid codes Austus Eton wall game International rules football Samoa rules Speedball Swedish football Universal football Volata Medieval football codes Ba game Caid Calcio fiorentino Camping Cnapan Cornish hurling Cuju Harpastum Kemari Ki - o - rahi Jegichagi La soule Lelo burti Marn grook Pasuckuakohowog Royal Shrovetide Uppies and downies Yubi lakpi Rugby codes Beach Rugby league masters mod nines sevens tag wheelchair Rugby union American flag mini sevens snow tag touch tens Touch Wheelchair Bat - and - ball games Baseball Brännboll British baseball Corkball Cricket One Day Test Twenty20 Danish longball Indoor cricket Kickball Lapta Matball Oină Over-the - line Pesäpallo Rounders Softball Fastpitch Stickball Stoolball Town ball Vigoro Wiffle ball Wireball Stick and ball sports Bando Cammag Hurling Camogie Super11s Shinty -- Hurling Indigenous North American stickball Iomain Knattleikr Knotty Lacrosse box / indoor field intercrosse women 's Ritinis Shinty Shinty -- Hurling Hockey sports Ball hockey Bandy rink Broomball Moscow Field hockey indoor Floor hockey Floorball Ice hockey pond power ice sledge underwater Ringette Rinkball Roller hockey in - line quad Rossall hockey Shinny Street hockey Underwater hockey Unicycle hockey Polo sports Auto polo Cowboy polo Cycle polo Elephant polo Horseball Motoball Pato Polo Arena polo chovgan snow polo Polocrosse Segway polo Yak polo Net sports Ball badminton Beach tennis Biribol Bossaball Fistball Footbag net Football tennis Footvolley Jianzi Jokgu Newcomb ball Peteca Sepak takraw Throwball Volleyball beach paralympic Other sports Airsoft Angleball Balle à la main Ballon au poing Basque pelota frontenis jai alai xare Bo - taoshi Boules Bocce Bocce volo Boccia Bowls Jeu provençal Pétanque Raffa Buzkashi Combat ( juggling ) Curling wheelchair Cycle ball Digor Dodgeball Flickerball Gateball Goalball Guts Handball beach Czech field Hornussen Ice stock sport Jereed Kabaddi indoor beach Kho kho Kin - Ball Lagori Longue paume Mesoamerican ballgame Paintball Pelota mixteca Prisonball Pushball Quidditch Rollball Roller derby Slahal Snow snake Synchronized skating Synchronized swimming Tamburello Tchoukball beach Tejo Tug of war Ulama Ultimate Underwater football Underwater rugby Valencian pilota Llargues Water polo canoe inner tube beach Waboba Whirlyball Woodball Yukigassen Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai_alai&oldid=792479870 '' Categories : Basque pelota Sports in Florida Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from August 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles needing cleanup from April 2011 All pages needing cleanup Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from April 2011 Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from April 2011 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی 한국어 Italiano עברית 日本 語 Română Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 26 July 2017, at 19 : 33. 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Question: what is the ball called in jai alai
Answer: pelota