Immigration and Naturalization Service - wikipedia Immigration and Naturalization Service This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2010 ) U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Seal of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Flag of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Agency overview Formed June 10, 1933 ; 85 years ago ( 1933 - 06 - 10 ) Dissolved March 1, 2003 ( 2003 - 03 - 01 ) Superseding agency USCIS, USICE, USCBP Jurisdiction U.S. federal government Headquarters Washington, D.C., U.S. Parent agency Department of Justice Website www.INS.gov Old INS building in Seattle, WA The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS ) was an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor from 1933 to 1940 and the U.S. Department of Justice from 1940 to 2003. Referred to by some as former INS and by others as legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities -- U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ( USCIS ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE ), and U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( CBP ) -- within the newly created Department of Homeland Security, as part of a major government reorganization following the September 11 attacks of 2001. Prior to 1933, there were separate offices administering immigration and naturalization matters, known as the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization, respectively. The INS was established on June 10, 1933, merging these previously separate areas of administration. In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the United States, and the Immigration Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department. Reflecting changing governmental concerns, immigration was transferred to the purview of the United States Department of Commerce and Labor after 1903 and the Department of Labor after 1913. In 1940, with increasing concern about national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the Department of Justice. In 2003 the administration of immigration services, including permanent residence, naturalization, asylum, and other functions, became the responsibility of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services ( BCIS ), which existed under that name only for a short time before changing to its current name, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ( USCIS ). The investigative and enforcement functions of the INS ( including investigations, deportation, and intelligence ) were combined with the U.S. Customs investigators to create U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE ). The border functions of the INS, which included the Border Patrol and INS Inspectors, were combined with U.S. Customs Inspectors to create U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( CBP ). Contents 1 Mission 2 Structure 3 History 4 Films 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 7.1 Opinions and experiences with the INS Mission The INS ( Immigration and Naturalization Service ) administered federal immigration laws and regulations including the Immigration and Nationality Act ( Title 8, United States Code ). Its officers inspected foreigners arriving at an official Port of Entry ( POE ), detecting and deterring illegal entry between the ports ( with assistance of the Border Patrol, a component of the INS ) and by sea, and conducting investigations of criminal and administrative violations of the Act. The INS also adjudicated applications for permanent residency ( `` green cards '' ), change of status, naturalization ( the process by which an alien ( foreign - born person ) becomes a citizen ), and similar matters. Structure At the head of the INS was a commissioner appointed by the President who reported to the Attorney General in the Department of Justice. The INS worked closely with the United Nations, the Department of State, and the Department of Health and Human Services. The INS was a very large and complex organization that had four main divisions -- Programs, Field Operations, Policy and Planning, and Management -- that were responsible for operations and management. The operational functions of the INS included the Programs and Field Operations divisions. The Programs division was responsible for handling all the functions involved with enforcement and examinations, including the arrest, detaining, and deportation of illegal immigrants as well as controlling illegal and legal entry. The Field Operations division was responsible for overseeing INS ' many offices operating throughout the country and the world. The Field Operations division implemented policies and handled tasks for its three regional offices, which in turn oversaw 33 districts and 21 border areas throughout the country. Internationally, the Field Operations division oversaw the Headquarters Office of International Affairs which in turn oversaw 16 offices outside the country. Managerial functions of the INS included the Policy and Planning and Management divisions. The Office of Policy and Planning coordinated all information for the INS and communicated with other cooperating government agencies and the public. The office was divided into three areas : the Policy Division ; the Planning Division ; and the Evaluation and Research Center. The second managerial division, called the Management division, was responsible for maintaining the overall mission of the INS throughout its many offices and providing administrative services to these offices. These duties were handled by the offices of Information Resources Management, Finance, Human Resources and Administration, and Equal Employment Opportunity. History Shortly after the U.S. Civil War, some states started to pass their own immigration laws, which prompted the U.S. Supreme Court to rule in 1875 that immigration was a federal responsibility. The Immigration Act of 1891 established an Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the Treasury Department. This office was responsible for admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and for implementing national immigration policy. ' Immigrant Inspectors ', as they were called then, were stationed at major U.S. ports of entry collecting manifests of arriving passengers. Its largest station was located on Ellis Island in New York harbor. Among other things, a ' head tax ' of fifty cents was collected on each immigrant. Paralleling some current immigration concerns, in the early 1900s Congress 's primary interest in immigration was to protect American workers and wages : the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue. In 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created ( now - defunct ) Department of Commerce and Labor, and on June 10, 1933 the agency was established as the Immigration and Naturalization Service. After World War I, Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, still mainly coming from Europe, by passing a law in 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous U.S. Census figures. Each year, the U.S. State Department issued a limited number of visas ; only those immigrants who could present valid visas were permitted entry. There were a number of predecessor agencies to INS between 1891 and 1933. The Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS ) was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization. Both those Bureaus, as well as the newly created INS, were controlled by the Department of Labor. President Franklin Roosevelt moved the INS from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice in 1940, citing a need for `` more effective control over aliens '' as the United States moved closer to joining World War II. By July 1941, Justice Department officials had decided that the INS would oversee the internment of enemy aliens arrested by the FBI should the U.S. enter the war, and immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor these plans went into effect. By December 10, three days after the attack, the INS had 1,291 Japanese, 857 German and 147 Italian nationals in custody. These `` enemy aliens, '' many of whom had resided in the United States for decades, were arrested without warrants or formal charges. They were held in immigration stations and various requisitioned sites, often for months, before receiving a hearing ( without benefit of legal counsel or defense witnesses ) and being released, paroled or transferred to a Department of Justice internment camp. Starting in 1942, the INS also interned German, Italian and Japanese Latin Americans deported from Peru and other countries. It is estimated that 17,477 persons of Japanese ancestry, 11,507 of German ancestry, 2,730 of Italian ancestry, and 185 others were interned by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the war. In November 1979, Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti announced that INS `` raids '' would only take place at places of work, not at residences where illegal aliens were suspected of living. Films The work of the immigration service has been dramatized or depicted in literature, music, art, and theatre. Films using its work as a theme include The Immigrant ( 1917 ), The Strong Man 1926 ), Ellis Island ( 1936 ), Paddy O'Day ( 1936 ), Gateway ( 1938 ), Secret Service of the Air ( 1939 ), Exile Express ( 1939 ), Five Came Back ( 1939 ), Illegal Entry ( 1949 ), Deported ( 1950 ), Gambling House ( 1951 ), and Coneheads ( 1993 ). See also Government of the United States portal U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Immigration Asylum in the United States Well - Founded Fear References ^ Jump up to : `` Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service ''. National Archives and Records Administration. 1995. Retrieved April 21, 2017. Established : In the Department of Labor by EO 6166, June 10, 1933. ) Jump up ^ What 's correct, the term legacy INS or the term the former INS ? Jump up ^ Ellis Island, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior Jump up ^ Darrell Hevenor Smith and H. Guy Herring, The Bureau of Immigration : Its History, Activities, and Organization ( Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1924 ). Jump up ^ Sharon D. Masanz, History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service : A Congressional Research Service Report ( Washington, D.C. : GPO, 1980 ) Jump up ^ Chy Lung v. Freeman ^ Jump up to : Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, National Archives. Accessed July 15, 2010 Jump up ^ `` The President Presents Plan No. V to Carry Out the Provisions of the Reorganization Act, '' The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1940 Volume ( New York : The Macmillan Company, 1941 ) pp 223 - 29. ^ Jump up to : Mak, Stephen. `` Immigration and Naturalization Service ''. Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 30, 2014. Jump up ^ Kashima, Tetsuden. Judgement Without Trial : Japanese American Imprisonment During World War II ( Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2003 ), pp 124 - 25. Jump up ^ Frum, David ( 2000 ). How We Got Here : The ' 70s. New York, New York : Basic Books. p. 271. ISBN 0 - 465 - 04195 - 7. External links Official Site ( 2000 -- 2003 ) ( Archive ) History site Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ( USCIS ) of the DHS U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE ) of the DHS U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( CBP ) of the DHS Opinions and experiences with the INS Well - Founded Fear at Epidavros Well - Founded Fear POV archive site U.S. Immigration Life Immigration to the United States and related topics Relevant colonial era, United States and international laws Colonial era Nationality law in the American Colonies Plantation Act 1740 18th century Naturalization Act 1790 / 1795 / 1798 19th century Naturalization Law 1802 Civil Rights Act of 1866 14th Amendment ( 1868 ) Naturalization Act 1870 Page Act ( 1875 ) Immigration Act of 1882 Chinese Exclusion ( 1882 ) Scott Act ( 1888 ) Immigration Act of 1891 Geary Act ( 1892 ) 1900 -- 1949 Naturalization Act 1906 Gentlemen 's Agreement ( 1907 ) Immigration Act of 1907 Immigration Act 1917 ( Asian Barred Zone ) Emergency Quota Act ( 1921 ) Cable Act ( 1922 ) Immigration Act 1924 Tydings -- McDuffie Act ( 1934 ) Filipino Repatriation Act ( 1935 ) Nationality Act of 1940 Bracero Program ( 1942 -- 1964 ) Magnuson Act ( 1943 ) War Brides Act ( 1945 ) Luce -- Celler Act ( 1946 ) 1950 -- 1999 UN Refugee Convention ( 1951 ) Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 / 1965 Refugee Act ( 1980 ) Immigration Reform and Control Act ( 1986 ) American Homecoming Act ( 1989 ) Immigration Act 1990 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ( IIRIRA ) ( 1996 ) Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act ( NACARA ) ( 1997 ) American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act ( ACWIA ) ( 1998 ) 21st century American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act ( AC21 ) ( 2000 ) Legal Immigration Family Equity Act ( LIFE Act ) ( 2000 ) H - 1B Visa Reform Act ( 2004 ) REAL ID Act ( 2005 ) Secure Fence Act ( 2006 ) DACA ( 2012 ) Executive Order 13769 ( 2017 ) Executive Order 13780 ( 2017 ) Visas and policies Visa policy Permanent residence Visa Waiver Program Temporary protected status Asylum Green Card Lottery Central American Minors US - VISIT Security Advisory Opinion E-Verify Section 287 ( g ) National Origins Formula Trump administration family separation policy Government organizations Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. Border Patrol U.S. Customs and Border Protection Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS ) Board of Immigration Appeals Office of Refugee Resettlement Supreme Court cases United States v. Wong Kim Ark ( 1898 ) United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind ( 1923 ) United States v. Brignoni - Ponce ( 1975 ) Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting ( 2011 ) Related issues and events Economic impact Eugenics in the United States Guest worker program Human trafficking Human smuggling Coyotaje Immigration reform Immigration reduction Mexico -- United States barrier Labor shortage March for America Illegal immigrant population Reverse immigration 2006 protests Unaccompanied minors from Central America List of people deported from the United States Geography Mexico -- United States border Canada -- United States border United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints Proposed legislation DREAM Act ( 2001 -- 2010 ) H.R. 4437 ( 2005 ) McCain -- Kennedy ( 2005 ) SKIL ( 2006 ) Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006 STRIVE Act ( 2007 ) Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007 Uniting American Families Act ( 2000 -- 2013 ) Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 SAFE Act ( 2015 ) RAISE Act ( 2017 ) Immigration stations and points of entry Angel Island Castle Garden East Boston Ellis Island Sullivan 's Island Washington Avenue Operations `` Wetback '' ( 1954 ) `` Peter Pan '' ( 1960 -- 1962 ) `` Babylift '' ( 1975 ) `` Gatekeeper '' ( 1994 ) `` Endgame '' ( 2003 -- 2012 ) `` Front Line '' ( 2004 -- 2005 ) `` Streamline '' ( 2005 -- present ) `` Return to Sender '' ( 2006 -- 2007 ) `` Jump Start '' ( 2006 -- 2008 ) `` Phalanx '' ( 2010 -- 2016 ) State legislation California DREAM Act ( 2006 -- 2010 ) Arizona SB 1070 ( 2010 ) Alabama HB 56 ( 2011 ) Non-governmental organizations Arizona Border Recon Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform National Immigration Forum Center for Community Change We Are America Alliance CASA of Maryland Mexica Movement Mexicans Without Borders Federation for American Immigration Reform Minuteman Project Minuteman Civil Defense Corps California Coalition for Immigration Reform Save Our State Center for Immigration Studies National Korean American Service & Education Consortium ( NAKASEC ) NumbersUSA Negative Population Growth Migration Policy Institute Utah Compact Center for Migration Studies of New York BIBSYS : 5017832 CiNii : DA06582179 GND : 120036 - 7 ISNI : 0000 0001 0724 5375 LCCN : n79053784 NARA : 10464340 NLA : 35568328 VIAF : 138894868 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service&oldid=848941811 '' Categories : Immigration to the United States Defunct agencies of the United States government Defunct federal law enforcement agencies of the United States History of immigration to the United States Organizations disestablished in 2003 Organizations established in 1933 Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from August 2010 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Norsk Русский Simple English 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 July 2018, at 11 : 30 ( UTC ). 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Question: after 9-11 customs was moved from the treasury department. where is it located now
Answer: Department of Homeland Security