Totalitarianism - wikipedia Totalitarianism `` Totalistic '' redirects here. For other uses, see totalism. Part of the Politics series Basic forms of government Power structure Separation Associated state Dominion Chiefdom Federalism Federation Confederation Devolution Integration Empire Hegemony Unitary state Administrative division Power source Democracy power of many Direct Representative Semi others Oligarchy power of few Aristocracy Military junta Plutocracy Stratocracy Timocracy Theocracy Kritarchy Particracy Autocracy power of one Despotism Illiberal democracy Semi-authoritarian Dictatorship Hybrids Anocracy Power ideology Monarchy vs. Republic socio - political ideologies Absolute Constitutional Directorial Legalist Parliamentary Semi-presidential Presidential Authoritarian vs. Libertarian socio - economic ideologies Capitalism Colonialism Communism Distributism Feudalism Socialism Anarchism vs. Statism civil - liberties ideologies Anarchy Minarchy Totalitarianism Global vs. Local geo - cultural ideologies Central City - state National unity World Politics portal Adolf Hitler Joseph Stalin Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. A distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is an `` elaborate ideology, a set of ideas that gives meaning and direction to the whole society ''. Totalitarianism is the most severe and extreme form of authoritarianism. The concept was first developed in the 1920s by the Weimar German jurist, and later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt, and Italian fascists. Schmitt used the term, Totalstaat, in his influential work on the legal basis of an all - powerful state, The Concept of the Political ( 1927 ). The concept became prominent in Western political discourse as a concept that highlights similarities between Fascist states and the Soviet Union. Contents 1 Etymology 1.1 Early concepts and use 2 Differences between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes 3 Cold War - era research 4 Criticism and recent work with the concept 5 Totalitarianism in architecture 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links Etymology Benito Mussolini The notion of totalitarianism as a `` total '' political power by the state was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian Fascism as a system fundamentally different from conventional dictatorships. The term was later assigned a positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile, Italy 's most prominent philosopher and leading theorist of fascism. He used the term `` totalitario '' to refer to the structure and goals of the new state, which were to provide the `` total representation of the nation and total guidance of national goals. '' He described totalitarianism as a society in which the ideology of the state had influence, if not power, over most of its citizens. According to Benito Mussolini, this system politicizes everything spiritual and human : `` Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. '' Early concepts and use Mao Zedong Kim Il - sung One of the first to use the term `` totalitarianism '' in the English language was the Austrian writer Franz Borkenau in his 1938 book The Communist International, in which he commented that it united the Soviet and German dictatorships more than it divided them. The label `` totalitarian '' was twice affixed to the Hitler regime during Winston Churchill 's speech of October 5, 1938 before the House of Commons in opposition to the Munich Agreement, by which France and Great Britain consented to Nazi Germany 's annexation of the Sudetenland. Churchill was then a backbencher MP representing the Epping constituency. In a radio address two weeks later Churchill again employed the term, this time applying the concept to `` a Communist or a Nazi tyranny. '' The leader of the historic Spanish reactionary conservative party called the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right declared his intention to `` give Spain a true unity, a new spirit, a totalitarian polity... '' and went on to say `` Democracy is not an end but a means to the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either parliament submits or we will eliminate it. '' The British author George Orwell made frequent use of word totalitarian and its cognates in multiple essays published in 1940, 1941 and 1942, seeing fit to insert the expression into essays whose principal subject was Charles Dickens, Rudyard Kipling, H.G. Wells, Henry Miller or twopenny color postcards. It should come as no surprise that by the time he published the famous essay Why I Write in mid-1946, opposition to totalitarian thought and government had come to play such a prominent role in Orwell 's political identity that he was able to say : The Spanish war and other events in 1936 - 37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it. During a 1945 lecture series entitled The Soviet Impact on the Western World ( published as a book in 1946 ), the pro-Soviet British historian E.H. Carr claimed that `` The trend away from individualism and towards totalitarianism is everywhere unmistakable '', and that Marxism -- Leninism was by far the most successful type of totalitarianism, as proved by Soviet industrial growth and the Red Army 's role in defeating Germany. Only the `` blind and incurable '' could ignore the trend towards totalitarianism, said Carr. Karl Popper, in The Open Society and Its Enemies ( 1945 ) and The Poverty of Historicism ( 1961 ), articulated an influential critique of totalitarianism : in both works, he contrasted the `` open society '' of liberal democracy with totalitarianism, and argued that the latter is grounded in the belief that history moves toward an immutable future in accordance with knowable laws. Syngman Rhee, who would later become the first President of South Korea, used the term `` totalitarianism '' in his book Japan Inside Out ( 1941 ) to categorize the Japanese rule over many Asian nations against the democratic world, where individuals are of greater importance than the society itself. The description would also be seen as ironic by many in South Korea, considering the nation was plagued by instability and riots against its own dictatorial and totalitarian governments starting with Rhee 's rule. Isabel Paterson, in The God of the Machine ( 1943 ), used the term in connection with the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. In The Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt argued that Nazi and State communist regimes were new forms of government, and not merely updated versions of the old tyrannies. According to Arendt, the source of the mass appeal of totalitarian regimes is their ideology, which provides a comforting, single answer to the mysteries of the past, present, and future. For Nazism, all history is the history of race struggle ; and, for Marxism, all history is the history of class struggle. Once that premise is accepted, all actions of the state can be justified by appeal to Nature or the Law of History, justifying their establishment of authoritarian state apparatus. In addition to Arendt, many scholars from a variety of academic backgrounds and ideological positions have closely examined totalitarianism. Among the most noted commentators on totalitarianism are Raymond Aron, Lawrence Aronsen, Franz Borkenau, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Robert Conquest, Carl Joachim Friedrich, Eckhard Jesse, Leopold Labedz, Walter Laqueur, Claude Lefort, Juan Linz, Richard Löwenthal, Karl Popper, Richard Pipes, Leonard Schapiro, and Adam Ulam. Each one of these describes totalitarianism in slightly different ways. They all agree, however, that totalitarianism seeks to mobilize entire populations in support of an official state ideology, and is intolerant of activities which are not directed towards the goals of the state, entailing repression or state control of business, labour unions, churches or political parties. Differences between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes The term `` authoritarian regime '' denotes a state in which the single power holder -- an individual `` dictator '', a committee or a junta or an otherwise small group of political elite -- monopolizes political power. `` ( The ) authoritarian state... is only concerned with political power and as long as that is not contested it gives society a certain degree of liberty. '' Authoritarianism `` does not attempt to change the world and human nature. '' In contrast, a totalitarian regime attempts to control virtually all aspects of the social life, including the economy, education, art, science, private life, and morals of citizens. `` The officially proclaimed ideology penetrates into the deepest reaches of societal structure and the totalitarian government seeks to completely control the thoughts and actions of its citizens. '' It also mobilizes the whole population in pursuit of its goals. Carl Joachim Friedrich writes that `` a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by a secret police, and monopoly control of (... ) industrial mass society '' are the three features of totalitarian regimes that distinguish them from other autocracies. Cold War - era research The political scientists Carl Friedrich and American geostrategist Zbigniew Brzezinski were primarily responsible for expanding the usage of the term in university social science and professional research, reformulating it as a paradigm for the Soviet Union as well as fascist regimes. Friedrich and Brzezinski argue that a totalitarian system has the following six, mutually supportive, defining characteristics : Elaborate guiding ideology. Single mass party, typically led by a dictator. System of terror, using such instruments as violence and secret police. Monopoly on weapons. Monopoly on the means of communication. Central direction and control of the economy through state planning. Totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union had initial origins in the chaos that followed in the wake of World War I and allowed totalitarian movements to seize control of the government, while the sophistication of modern weapons and communications enabled them to effectively establish what Friedrich and Brzezinski called a totalitarian dictatorship. The German historian Karl Dietrich Bracher, whose work is primarily concerned with Nazi Germany, argues that the `` totalitarian typology '' as developed by Friedrich and Brzezinski is an excessively inflexible model, and failed to consider the `` revolutionary dynamic '' that Bracher asserts is at the heart of totalitarianism. Bracher maintains that the essence of totalitarianism is the total claim to control and remake all aspects of society combined with an all - embracing ideology, the value on authoritarian leadership, and the pretence of the common identity of state and society, which distinguished the totalitarian `` closed '' understanding of politics from the `` open '' democratic understanding. Unlike the Friedrich - Brzezinski definition Bracher argued that totalitarian regimes did not require a single leader and could function with a collective leadership, which led the American historian Walter Laqueur to argue that Bracher 's definition seemed to fit reality better than the Friedrich - Brzezinski definition. In his book The True Believer, Eric Hoffer argues that mass movements like Stalinism, fascism, and Nazism had a common trait in picturing Western democracies and their values as decadent, with people `` too soft, too pleasure - loving and too selfish '' to sacrifice for a higher cause, which for them implies an inner moral and biological decay. He further claims that those movements offered the prospect of a glorious future to frustrated people, enabling them to find a refuge from the lack of personal accomplishments in their individual existence. The individual is then assimilated into a compact collective body and `` fact - proof screens from reality '' are established. Criticism and recent work with the concept Further information : Collective leadership and History of the Soviet Union ( 1964 -- 1982 ) Some social scientists have criticized the approach of Carl Joachim Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, arguing that the Soviet system, both as a political and as a social entity, was in fact better understood in terms of interest groups, competing elites, or even in class terms ( using the concept of the nomenklatura as a vehicle for a new ruling class ). These critics pointed to evidence of popular support for the regime and widespread dispersion of power, at least in the implementation of policy, among sectoral and regional authorities. For some followers of this ' pluralist ' approach, this was evidence of the ability of the regime to adapt to include new demands. However, proponents of the totalitarian model claimed that the failure of the system to survive showed not only its inability to adapt but the mere formality of supposed popular participation. Historians of the Nazi period who are inclined towards a functionalist interpretation of the Third Reich, such as Martin Broszat, Hans Mommsen and Ian Kershaw, have been hostile or lukewarm towards the totalitarianism concept, arguing that the Nazi regime was too disorganized to be considered totalitarian. In the field of Soviet history, the totalitarian concept has been disparaged by the `` revisionist '' school, some of whose more prominent members are Sheila Fitzpatrick, Jerry F. Hough, William McCagg, Robert W. Thurston, and J. Arch Getty. Though their individual interpretations differ, the revisionists have argued that the Soviet state under Joseph Stalin was institutionally weak, that the level of terror was much exaggerated, and that -- to the extent it occurred -- it reflected the weaknesses rather than the strengths of the Soviet state. Fitzpatrick argued that since to the extent that there was terror in the Soviet Union, it provided for increased social mobility, and therefore most people in the Soviet Union supported Stalin 's purges as a chance for a better life rather than feeling that they were trapped in a terrorized society. Writing in 1987, Walter Laqueur said that the revisionists in the field of Soviet history were guilty of confusing popularity with morality, and of making highly embarrassing and not very convincing arguments against the concept of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian state. Laqueur argued that the revisionists ' arguments with regard to Soviet history were highly similar to the arguments made by Ernst Nolte regarding German history. Laqueur asserted that concepts such as modernization were inadequate tools for explaining Soviet history while totalitarianism was not. François Furet used the term `` totalitarian twins '' in an attempt to link Stalinism and Nazism. Totalitarianism in architecture Non-political aspects of the culture and motifs of totalitarian countries have themselves often been labeled innately `` totalitarian ''. For example, Theodore Dalrymple, a British author, physician, and political commentator, has written for City Journal that brutalist structures are an expression of totalitarianism given that their grand, concrete - based design involves destroying gentler, more - human places such as gardens. In 1949, author George Orwell described the Ministry of Truth in Nineteen Eighty - Four as an `` enormous, pyramidal structure of white concrete, soaring up terrace after terrace, three hundred metres into the air ''. Columnist Ben Macintyre of The Times wrote that it was `` a prescient description of the sort of totalitarian architecture that would soon dominate the Communist bloc ''. Another example of totalitarianism in architecture is the Panopticon, a type of institutional building designed by English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century. The concept of the design is to allow a watchman to observe ( - opticon ) all ( pan - ) inmates of an institution without their being able to tell whether or not they are being watched. It was invoked by Michel Foucault, in Discipline and Punish, as metaphor for `` disciplinary '' societies and their pervasive inclination to observe and normalise. See also Absolute monarchy Authoritarianism Autocracy Dictatorship Ideocracy Imperialism Inverted totalitarianism List of totalitarian regimes One - party state Police state Strongman ( politics ) Total institution Totalitarian democracy References Jump up ^ Conquest, Robert ( 1999 ). Reflections on a Ravaged Century. p. 74. ISBN 0 - 393 - 04818 - 7. Jump up ^ `` Government and Law ''. Volume Library 1. The Southwestern Company. 2009. p. 11. Jump up ^ Schmitt, Carl ( 1927 ). The Concept of the Political ( German : Der Begriff des Politischen ) ( 1996 University of Chicago Press ed. ). Rutgers University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0 - 226 - 73886 - 8. Jump up ^ Defty, Brook ( 2007 ). Britain, America and Anti-Communist Propaganda 1945 -- 1953. Chapters 2 -- 5. The Information Research Department. Jump up ^ Achim Siegel, The totalitarian paradigm after the end of Communism : towards a theoretical reassessment, 1998, p. 200 `` Concepts of totalitarianism became most widespread at the height of the Cold War. Since the late 1940s, especially since the Korean War, they were condensed into a far - reaching, even hegemonic, ideology, by which the political elites of the Western world tried to explain and even to justify the Cold War constellation '' Jump up ^ Nicholas Guilhot, The democracy makers : human rights and international order, 2005, p. 33 `` The opposition between the West and Soviet totalitarianism was often presented as an opposition both moral and epistemological between truth and falsehood. The democratic, social, and economic credentials of the Soviet Union were typically seen as `` lies '' and as the product of a deliberate and multiform propaganda... In this context, the concept of totalitarianism was itself an asset. As it made possible the conversion of prewar anti-fascism into postwar anti-communism Jump up ^ David Caute, Politics and the novel during the Cold War, 2009, pp. 95 -- 99 Jump up ^ George A Reisch, How the Cold War transformed philosophy of science : to the icy slopes of logic, 2005, pp. 153 -- 54 ^ Jump up to : Pipes 1995, p. 243 Jump up ^ Payne, Stanley G., Fascism : Comparison and Definition ( UW Press, 1980 ), p. 73 Jump up ^ Gentile, Giovanni and Benito Mussolini in `` La dottrina del fascismo '' ( 1932 ) Jump up ^ Nemoianu, Virgil, `` Review of End and Beginnings '' pp. 1235 -- 38 from MLN, Volume 97, Issue # 5, December 1982, p. 1235. Jump up ^ Churchill, Winston, Speech to the House of Commons, October 5, 1938 : `` We in this country, as in other Liberal and democratic countries, have a perfect right to exalt the principle of self - determination, but it comes ill out of the mouths of those in totalitarian states who deny even the smallest element of toleration to every section and creed within their bounds. '' `` Many of those countries, in fear of the rise of the Nazi power,... loathed the idea of having this arbitrary rule of the totalitarian system thrust upon them, and hoped that a stand would be made. '' Jump up ^ Churchill, Winston, Radio Broadcast to the United States and to London, October 16, 1938 Jump up ^ Paul Preston. The Spanish Civil War : reaction, revolution and revenge. 3rd edition. W.W. New York, New York : Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 pp. 64. Jump up ^ Orwell, George, `` Why I Write '', Gangrel ( Summer ) 1946. Jump up ^ Laqueur, Walter, The Fate of the Revolution, New York : Scribner, 1987, p. 131. Jump up ^ Dana Richard Villa ( 2000 ), The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt. Cambridge University Press, pp. 2 -- 3. ISBN 0 - 521 - 64571 - 9 ^ Jump up to : Radu Cinpoes, Nationalism and Identity in Romania : A History of Extreme Politics from the Birth of the State to EU Accession, p. 70. ^ Jump up to : Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation, London : Arnold ; New York p. 25. Jump up ^ Laqueur, Walter The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present, New York : Scribner 's, 1987 p. 241 Jump up ^ Eric Hoffer, The True Believer : Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Harper Perennial Modern Classics ( 2002 ), ISBN 0 - 06 - 050591 - 5, pp. 61, 163 Jump up ^ Laqueur, Walter, The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present ( New York : Scribner 's, 1987 ) pp. 186 -- 89, 233 -- 34 Jump up ^ Lorenz, Chris, `` Broszat, Martin '' in Boyd, Kelly, ed., The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1 ( London : Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999 ) pp. 143 -- 44 ; Kerhsaw, Ian, The Nazi Dictatorship Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation ( London : Arnold Press, 2000 ) pp. 45 -- 46 ; Menke, Martin, `` Mommsen, Hans '' in Boyd, Kelly, ed., The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 2, ( London : Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999 ) pp. 826 -- 27 ^ Jump up to : Laqueur, Walter The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present ( New York : Scribner 's, 1987 ) pp. 225 -- 27 Jump up ^ Laqueur, Walter, The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present ( New York : Scribner 's, 1987 ) pp. 225, 228 Jump up ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila, Everyday Stalinism : Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times : Soviet Russia in the 1930s ( New York : Oxford University Press, 1999 ) ^ Jump up to : Laqueur, Walter The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present ( New York : Scribner 's, 1987 ) p. 228 Jump up ^ Laqueur, Walter The Fate of the Revolution : Interpretations of Soviet history from 1917 to the Present ( New York : Scribner 's, 1987 ) p. 233 Jump up ^ `` Furet, borrowing from Hannah Arendt, describes Bolsheviks and Nazis as totalitarian twins, conflicting yet united. '' Singer, Daniel, The Nation ( April 17, 1995 ) Jump up ^ `` The totalitarian nature of Stalin 's Russia is undeniable. '' Singer, Singer, The Nation Jump up ^ `` The government of Nazi Germany was a fascist, totalitarian state. '' Grobman, Gary M. Jump up ^ Theodore Dalrymple ( Autumn 2009 ). `` The Architect as Totalitarian ''. City Journal. Retrieved January 5, 2010. Jump up ^ Ben Macintyre ( March 30, 2007 ). `` Look on those monuments to megalomania, and despair ''. The Times. Retrieved January 5, 2010. Further reading Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism ( 1958, new ed. 1966 ) John A. Armstrong, The Politics of Totalitarianism ( New York : Random House, 1961 ) Peter Bernholz, `` Ideocracy and totalitarianism : A formal analysis incorporating ideology. '' Public Choice 108, 33 -- 75, 2001 Peter Bernholz, `` Ideology, sects, state and totalitarianism. A general theory ''. In : H. Maier and M. Schaefer ( eds. ) : Totalitarianism and Political Religions, Vol. II ( Routledge, Abingdon Oxon and New York, 2007 ), 246 -- 70 Franz Borkenau The Totalitarian Enemy, London, Faber and Faber 1940 Karl Dietrich Bracher `` The Disputed Concept of Totalitarianism, '' pp. 11 -- 33 from Totalitarianism Reconsidered edited by Ernest A. Menze ( Port Washington, N.Y. / London : Kennikat Press, 1981 ), ISBN 0804692688. Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics ( in particular March 7, 1979 course ) Carl Friedrich and Z.K. Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy ( 2nd ed. 1967 ) Zhelyu Zhelev, The Fascism, 1982 Guy Hermet, with Pierre Hassner and Jacques Rupnik, Totalitarismes ( Paris : Éditions Economica, 1984 ) Abbott Gleason Totalitarianism : The Inner History Of The Cold War, New York : Oxford University Press, ( 1995 ), ISBN 0195050177 Jeane Kirkpatrick, Dictatorships and Double Standards : Rationalism and reason in politics ( 1982 ) Walter Laqueur The Fate of the Revolution Interpretations of Soviet History From 1917 to the Present, London : Collier Books, ( 1987 ) ISBN 002034080X. Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems Of Democratic Transition And Consolidation : Southern Europe, South America, And Post-Communist Europe, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins UP, ( 1996 ), ISBN 0801851572. Ludwig von Mises, Omnipotent Government : The Rise of the Total State and Total War ( 1944 ) Ewan Murray. Shut Up : Tale of Totalitarianism ( 2005 ) Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism ( Routledge, 1996 ) Richard Pipes ( 1995 ), Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime, New York : Vintage Books, Random House Inc., ISBN 0394502426. Robert Jaulin L'Univers des totalitarismes ( Paris : Loris Talmart, 1995 ) Rudolf Rocker. Nationalism and Culture. 1937 Giovanni Sartori, The Theory of Democracy Revisited ( Chatham, N.J : Chatham House, 1987 ) Wolfgang Sauer, `` National Socialism : totalitarianism or fascism ? '' The American Historical Review, Volume 73, Issue # 2 ( December 1967 ) : 404 -- 24. Leonard Schapiro, Totalitarianism ( London : The Pall Mall Press, 1972 ) Marcello Sorce Keller, `` Why is Music so Ideological, Why Do Totalitarian States Take It So Seriously '', Journal of Musicological Research, XXVI ( 2007 ), no. 2 -- 3, pp. 91 -- 122 J.L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy, ( 1952 ) Slavoj Žižek, Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism ? ( London : Verso, 2001 ) External links Look up totalitarianism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. `` Totalitarianism ''. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Totalitarianism -- Article on the origin and meaning of the term ; gives many 20th century examples and contrasts with authoritarianism. Totalitarianism at Wikiquote -- Short list of quotations containing the word totalitarian and its congnates. Authoritarian and totalitarian forms of government Forms Absolute monarchy Benevolent dictatorship Enlightened absolutism Fascism Imperialism Military dictatorship Nazism Ochlocracy Self - coup Stalinism Theocracy Concepts Illiberal democracy Totalitarian democracy Inverted totalitarianism Authoritarian democracy Authoritarian socialism Autocracy Constitutional dictatorship Corporate republic Despotism Dictatorship Dominant - party state Tsarist autocracy Tyranny Oligarchy One - party state Police state Counterintelligence state Mafia state Right - wing authoritarianism Third Positionism Tyranny of the majority Fascism Theory Core tenets Nationalism Imperialism Authoritarianism One - party state Dictatorship Social Darwinism Social interventionism Proletarian nation Propaganda Eugenics Heroism Militarism Economic interventionism Anti-communism Topics Definitions Economics Fascism and ideology Fascism worldwide Symbolism Ideas Actual Idealism Class collaboration Corporatism Heroic capitalism National Socialism National syndicalism State capitalism Supercapitalism Third Position Totalitarianism Social order Variants Italian National Socialism Japanese fascism Falangism British Austrian Metaxism National Radicalism Rexism Clerical Legionarism Integralism Movements Africa Greyshirts Ossewabrandwag Asia Brit HaBirionim Ganap Party Sakurakai Tōhōkai Blue Shirts Society Northern / Northwestern Europe Ailtirí na hAiséirghe Black Front ( Netherlands ) Blueshirts Breton Social - National Workers ' Movement British Fascists British People 's Party ( 1939 ) British Union of Fascists La Cagoule Clerical People 's Party Faisceau Flemish National Union French Popular Party General Dutch Fascist League Imperial Fascist League Lapua Movement Nasjonal Samling National Corporate Party ( Greenshirts ) National Fascisti Nationalist Party ( Iceland ) National Socialist Bloc National Socialist Dutch Workers Party National Socialist League National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands National Socialist Movement of Norway National Socialist Workers ' Party ( Sweden ) New Party ( UK ) Patriotic People 's Movement ( Finland ) Pērkonkrusts Rexism Central Europe Arrow Cross Party Austrian National Socialism Fatherland Front ( Austria ) Hungarian National Socialist Party National Front ( Switzerland ) Nazism Nazi Party Sudeten German Party Southern Europe Albanian Fascist Party Democratic Fascist Party Falange Greek National Socialist Party Italian Fascism Italian Social Republic Metaxism National Fascist Party National Union ( Portugal ) Republican Fascist Party Sammarinese Fascist Party Ustaše ZBOR Eastern and Southeastern Europe Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party Crusade of Romanianism Iron Guard National Fascist Community National Fascist Movement National Italo - Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement National Social Movement ( Bulgaria ) National Radical Camp Falanga National Romanian Fascio National Renaissance Front Ratniks ( Bulgaria ) Romanian Front Russian Fascist Party Russian Women 's Fascist Movement Slovak People 's Party Union of Bulgarian National Legions Vlajka North America Fascism in Canada Canadian Union of Fascists Parti national social chrétien Gold shirts German American Bund Silver Legion of America South America Falangism in Latin America Brazilian Integralism Bolivian Socialist Falange National Socialist Movement of Chile Revolutionary Union People Abba Ahimeir Nimio de Anquín Sadao Araki Marc Augier Maurice Bardèche Jacques Benoist - Méchin Henri Béraud Zoltán Böszörmény Giuseppe Bottai Robert Brasillach Alphonse de Châteaubriant Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Gustavs Celmiņš Enrico Corradini Carlo Costamagna Richard Walther Darré Marcel Déat Léon Degrelle Pierre Drieu La Rochelle Gottfried Feder Giovanni Gentile Joseph Goebbels Hans F.K. Günther Heinrich Himmler Fumimaro Konoe Adolf Hitler Hideki Tojo Ikki Kita Vihtori Kosola Agostino Lanzillo Dimitrije Ljotić Leopoldo Lugones Curzio Malaparte Ioannis Metaxas Robert Michels Oswald Mosley Benito Mussolini Eoin O'Duffy Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin Sergio Panunzio Giovanni Papini Ante Pavelić William Dudley Pelley Alfred Ploetz Robert Poulet Vidkun Quisling José Antonio Primo de Rivera Lucien Rebatet Dionisio Ridruejo Alfredo Rocco Konstantin Rodzaevsky Alfred Rosenberg Plínio Salgado Rafael Sánchez Mazas Margherita Sarfatti Carl Schmitt Ardengo Soffici Othmar Spann Ugo Spirito Ferenc Szálasi Gonzalo Torrente Ballester Georges Valois Anastasy Vonsyatsky Works Literature The Doctrine of Fascism Fascist Manifesto Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals Mein Kampf My Life The Myth of the Twentieth Century Zweites Buch Zaveshchanie russkogo fashista Periodicals La Conquista del Estado Das Reich Der Angriff Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung Deutsche Zeitung in Norwegen Deutsche Zeitung in den Niederlanden Figli d'Italia Fronten Gândirea Gioventù Fascista Je suis partout La France au travail Münchener Beobachter Novopress NS Månedshefte Norsk - Tysk Tidsskrift Das Schwarze Korps Der Stürmer Il Popolo d'Italia Sfarmă - Piatră Signal Vlajka Völkischer Beobachter Nash Put ' Fashist l'Alba Film Der Sieg des Glaubens Tag der Freiheit : Unsere Wehrmacht Triumph of the Will Sculpture Allach Related topics Art of the Third Reich Fascist architecture Heroic realism Nazi architecture Nazism and cinema Nazi plunder Syndicalism Conservatism Organizations Institutional Ahnenerbe Chamber of Fasci and Corporations Grand Council of Fascism Imperial Way Faction Italian Nationalist Association Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen Quadrumvirs Activist Fascist Union of Youth German American Bund National Youth Organisation ( Greece ) Russian Fascist Organization Union of Fascist Little Ones Union of Young Fascists -- Vanguard ( boys ) Union of Young Fascists -- Vanguard ( girls ) Paramilitary Albanian Militia Black Brigades Blackshirts Blueshirts Einsatzgruppen Gold shirts Greenshirts Greyshirts Hitler Youth Heimwehr Iron Wolf ( organization ) Lăncieri Makapili Silver Legion of America Schutzstaffel Sturmabteilung Waffen - SS Werwolf International Axis powers NSDAP / AO ODESSA History 1910s Arditi Fascio 1920s Aventine Secession Acerbo Law Corfu incident March on Rome Beer Hall Putsch Italian economic battles 1930s March of the Iron Will German federal election, November 1932 German federal election, March 1933 Enabling Act 6 February 1934 crisis 1934 Montreux Fascist conference Spanish Civil War 4th of August Regime Anti-Comintern Pact 1940s World War II The Holocaust End in Italy Denazification Nuremberg Trials Lists Anti-fascists Books about Hitler British fascist parties Fascist movements by country ( A-F G-M N-T U-Z ) Nazi ideologues Nazi leaders Speeches by Hitler SS personnel Related topics Alt - right Anti-fascism Anti-Nazi League Christofascism Clerical fascism Cryptofascism Esoteric Nazism Fascist ( epithet ) Fascist mysticism Germanisation Glossary of Nazi Germany Hitler salute Italianization Italianization of South Tyrol Islamofascism Japanization Ku Klux Klan Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism Roman salute Social fascism Synarchism Unite Against Fascism Völkisch movement Women in Nazi Germany Portal GND : 4060491 - 3 NDL : 00574613 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totalitarianism&oldid=804306238 '' Categories : Totalitarianism 20th century Authoritarianism Forms of government Political philosophy Political science terminology Political systems Political theories Statism Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2017 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Variants Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Afrikaans Alemannisch Azərbaycanca Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Коми Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پښتو Polski Português Română Русский Scots Sicilianu Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 October 2017, at 03 : 08. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: everything within the state nothing outside the state
Answer: Totalitarianism