Hexafluorophosphate - wikipedia Hexafluorophosphate Hexafluorophosphate Names IUPAC name Hexafluorophosphate Systematic IUPAC name Hexafluoro - λ - phosphanuide ( substitutive ) Hexafluoridophosphate ( 1 - ) ( additive ) Identifiers 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI : 30201 ChEMBL ChEMBL181124 ChemSpider 9502 Gmelin Reference 2704 PubChem CID 9886 InChI InChI = 1S / F6P / c1 - 7 ( 2, 3, 4, 5 ) 6 / q - 1 Key : LJQLCJWAZJINEB - UHFFFAOYSA - N SMILES F ( P - ) ( F ) ( F ) ( F ) ( F ) F Properties Chemical formula ( PF ) Molar mass 144.964181 g mol Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ), 100 kPa ). Y verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references Hexafluorophosphate is an anion with chemical formula of PF. It is an octahedral species. It imparts no color to its salts. PF is isoelectronic with sulfur hexafluoride, SF, and the hexafluorosilicate dianion, SiF, and fluoroantimonate SbF. Being poorly nucleophilic, hexafluorophosphate is classified as a non-coordinating anion. Contents 1 Synthesis 2 Quantitative analysis 3 Reactions 3.1 Organometallic and inorganic synthesis 3.2 Hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate complexes 4 Applications 4.1 Secondary batteries 4.2 Ionic liquids 5 References Synthesis Crystals of ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate, ( Fe ( C H ) ) PF. Hexafluorophosphate salts can be prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentachloride and alkali or ammonium halide in a solution of hydrofluoric acid : PCl + MCl + 6 HF → MPF + 6 HCl Hexafluorophosphoric acid can be prepared by direct reaction of hydrogen fluoride with phosphorus pentafluoride. It is a strong Brønsted acid that is typically generated in situ immediately prior to its use. PF + HF → HPF These reactions require specialized equipment to safely handle the hazards associated with hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride. Quantitative analysis Several methods of Quantitative analysis for the hexafluorophosphate ion have been developed. Tetraphenylarsonium chloride, ( ( C H ) As ) Cl, has been used both for titrimetric and gravimetric quantifications of hexafluorophosphate. Both of these determinations depend on the formation of tetraphenylarsonium hexafluorophosphate : ( ( C H ) As ) + PF → ( ( C H ) As ) PF Hexafluorophosphate can also be determined spectrophotometrically with ferroin. Reactions Hydrolysis is extremely slower under basic conditions. Acid - catalyzed hydrolysis to the phosphate ion is also slow. Nonetheless, hexafluorophosphate is prone to decomposition with the release of hydrogen fluoride in ionic liquids. Hexafluorophosphate bears a partial ( delocalized ) negative charge on the fluoride centers. Organometallic and inorganic Synthesis Hexafluorophosphate is a common counteranion for cationic metal complexes. It is one of three widely used non-coordinating anions are hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate BF, and perchlorate ClO. Of these, the hexafluorophosphate ion has the least coordinating tendency. Hexafluorophosphate salts can be prepared by reactions of silver hexafluorophosphate with halide salts. Precipitation of insoluble silver halide helps drive this reaction to completion. Since hexafluorophosphate salts are often insoluble in water but soluble in polar organic solvents, even the addition of ammonium hexafluorophosphate ( NH PF ) to aqueous solutions of many organic and inorganic salts gives solid precipitates of hexafluorophosphate salts. One example is the synthesis of rhodocenium salts : The overall conversion equation is RhCl xH O + 2 C H + NH PF → ( ( η - C H ) Rh ) PF + 2 HCl + NH Cl + x H O Tetrakis ( acetonitrile ) copper ( I ) hexafluorophosphate is produced by the addition of hexafluorophosphoric acid to a suspension of copper ( I ) oxide in acetonitrile : Cu O + 2 HPF + 8 CH CN → 2 ( Cu ( CH CN ) ) PF + H O Hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate complexes While the hexafluorophosphate ion is generally inert and hence a suitable counterion, its solvolysis can be induced by highly electrophilic metal centers. For example, the tris ( solvento ) rhodium complex ( ( η - C Me ) Rh ( Me CO ) ) ( PF ) undergoes solvolysis when heated in acetone, forming a difluorophosphate - bridged complex ( ( η - C Me ) Rh ( μ - OPF O ) Rh ( η - C Me ) ) PF. Applications Practical uses of the hexafluorophosphate ion typically exploit one or more of the following properties : that it is a non-coordinating anion ; that hexafluorophosphate compounds are typically soluble in organic solvents, particularly polar ones, but have low solubility in aqueous solution ; or, that it has a high degree of stability, including resistance to both acidic and basic hydrolysis. Secondary batteries The main commercial use of hexafluorophosphate is as its lithium salt, lithium hexafluorophosphate. This salt, in combination with dimethyl carbonate, is a common electrolyte in commercial secondary batteries such as lithium - ion cells. This application exploits the high solubility of hexafluorophosphate salts in organic solvents and the resistance of these salts to reduction by the alkali metal cathode. Since the lithium ions in these batteries are generally present as coordination complexes within the electrolyte, the non-coordinating nature of the hexafluorophosphate ion is also a useful property for these applications. Ionic liquids Room temperature ionic liquids such as 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ( typically abbreviated as bmimPF ) have been prepared. The advantage of the anion exchange in favour of a non-coordinating anion is that the resulting ionic liquid has much greater thermal stability. 1 - Butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride decomposes to N - methylimidazole and 1 - chlorobutane or to N - butylimidazole and chloromethane. Such decompositions are not possible for bmimPF However, thermal decompositions of hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids to generate hydrogen fluoride gas are known. References ^ Jump up to : `` Hexafluorophosphate ( 1 - ) ( CHEBI : 30201 ) ''. Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ( ChEBI ). UK : European Bioinformatics Institute. Jump up ^ Davies, J.A. ( 1996 ). Synthetic Coordination Chemistry : Principles and Practice. World Scientific. p. 165. ISBN 981 - 02 - 2084 - 7. Jump up ^ Constant, S. ; Lacour, J. ( 2005 ). Majoral, J. - P., ed. New Trends in Hexacoordinated Phosphorus Chemistry. New Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry. 5. Springer. p. 3. ISBN 3 - 540 - 22498 - X. Jump up ^ Woyski, M.M. ( 1950 ). `` Hexafluorophosphates of Sodium, Ammonium, and Potassium ''. Inorg. Synth. 3 : 111 -- 117. doi : 10.1002 / 9780470132340. ch29. Jump up ^ Molnar, A. ; Surya Prakash, G.K. ; Sommer, J. ( 2009 ). Superacid Chemistry ( 2nd ed. ). Wiley - Interscience. p. 44. ISBN 0 - 471 - 59668 - X. Jump up ^ Affsprung, H.E. ; Archer, V.S. ( 1963 ). `` Determination of Hexafluorophosphate by Amperometric Titration with Tetraphenylarsonium Chloride ''. Anal. Chem. 35 ( 8 ) : 976 -- 978. doi : 10.1021 / ac60201a017. Jump up ^ Affsprung, H.E. ; Archer, V.S. ( 1963 ). `` Gravimetric Determination of Hexafluorophosphate as Tetraphenylarsonium Hexafluorophosphate ''. Anal. Chem. 35 ( 12 ) : 1912 -- 1913. doi : 10.1021 / ac60205a036. Jump up ^ Archer, V.S. ; Doolittle, F.G. ( 1967 ). `` Spectrophotometric Determination of Hexafluorophosphate with Ferroin ''. Anal. Chem. 39 ( 3 ) : 371 -- 373. doi : 10.1021 / ac60247a035. Jump up ^ Ryss, I.G. ; Tulchinskii, V.B. ( 1964 ). `` Kinetika Gidroliza Iona Geksaftorofosfata PF ``. Zh. Neorg. Khim. 9 ( 4 ) : 836 -- 840. Jump up ^ Gebala, A.E. ; Jones, M.M. ( 1969 ). `` The Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Hexafluorophosphate ''. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 31 ( 3 ) : 771 -- 776. doi : 10.1016 / 0022 - 1902 ( 69 ) 80024 - 2. ^ Jump up to : Dyson, P.J. ( 2005 ). Geldbach, T.J., ed. Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids. Catalysis by Metal Complexes. 29. Springer Science & Business. p. 27. ISBN 1 - 4020 - 3914 - X. Jump up ^ Mayfield, H.G. ; Bull, W.E. ( 1971 ). `` Co-ordinating Tendencies of the Hexafluorophosphate Ion ''. J. Chem. Soc. A ( 14 ) : 2279 -- 2281. doi : 10.1039 / J19710002279. Jump up ^ Baghurst, D.R. ; Mingos, D.M.P. ; Watson, M.J. ; Watson, Michael J. ( 1989 ). `` Application of Microwave Dielectric Loss Heating Effects for the Rapid and Convenient Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds ''. J. Organomet. Chem. 368 ( 3 ) : C43 -- C45. doi : 10.1016 / 0022 - 328X ( 89 ) 85418 - X. Jump up ^ Kubas, G.J. ( 1979 ). `` Tetrakis ( acetonitirile ) copper ( I ) Hexaflurorophosphate ''. Inorg. Synth. 19 : 90 -- 91. doi : 10.1002 / 9780470132593. ch15. Jump up ^ Thompson, S.J. ; Bailey, P.M. ; White, C. ; Maitlis, P.M. ( 1976 ). `` Solvolysis of the Hexafluorophosphate Ion and the Structure of ( Tris ( μ - difluorophosphato ) bis ( penta - methylcyclopentadienylrhodium ) ) Hexafluorophosphate ''. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 15 ( 8 ) : 490 -- 491. doi : 10.1002 / anie. 197604901. Jump up ^ White, C. ; Thompson, S.J. ; Maitlis, P.M. ( 1977 ). `` Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl - rhodium and - iridium Complexes XIV. The Solvolysis of Coordinated Acetone Solvent Species to Tris ( μ - difluorophosphato ) bis ( η - pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium ( III ) ) Hexafluorophosphate, to the η - ( 2, 4 - dimethyl - 1 - oxapenta - 1, 3 - dienyl ) ( pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ) iridium Cation, or to the η - ( 2 - hydroxy - 4 - methylpentadienyl ) ( η - pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ) iridium Cation ''. J. Organomet. Chem. 134 ( 3 ) : 319 -- 325. doi : 10.1016 / S0022 - 328X ( 00 ) 93278 - 9. Jump up ^ Goodenough, J.B. ; Kim, Y. ( 2010 ). `` Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries ''. Chem. Mater. 22 ( 3 ) : 587 -- 603. doi : 10.1021 / cm901452z. Jump up ^ `` MSDS : National Power Corp Lithium Ion Batteries '' ( PDF ). tek.com. Tektronix Inc. 7 May 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2010. Jump up ^ Gordon, C.M. ; John D. Holbrey ; Alan R. Kennedy ; Kenneth R. Seddon ( 1998 ). `` Ionic liquid crystals : hexafluorophosphate salts ''. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 8 ( 12 ) : 2627 -- 2636. doi : 10.1039 / a806169f. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexafluorophosphate&oldid=855474092 '' Categories : Hexafluorophosphates Non-coordinating anions Hidden categories : Chemical articles without CAS registry number Articles without InChI source Articles without KEGG source Articles without UNII source Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Chembox image size set Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Deutsch فارسی Français Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Português Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски 中文 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 August 2018, at 15 : 35 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is the electron domain geometry about phosphorus in the hexafluorophosphate anion (pf 6 ​ − )
Answer: octahedral