List of mammals of Canada - wikipedia List of mammals of Canada The North American beaver, Castor canadensis, is the national animal of Canada This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Canada. There are approximately 200 mammal species native to Canada. Its large territorial size and variety of ecosystems, ranging from mountains to plains to urban housing, mean that Canada can harbour a great variety of species, including nearly half of the known cetaceans. The most well represented order is that of the rodents, and the smallest that of the Didelphimorphia ( common opossums ). Studies of mammals in Canada hearken back to the 1795 northern explorations of Samuel Hearne, whose account is considered surprisingly accurate. The first seminal work on Canadian mammals, however, was John Richardson 's 1829 Fauna Boreali - Americana. Joseph Burr Tyrrell was the first to attempt to produce, in 1888, a comprehensive list of Canadian mammalian species. Ernest Thompson Seton and Charles - Eusèbe Dionne 's work were also important. Modern Canadian publications with interest in mammalogy include The Canadian Field Naturalist, the Canadian Journal of Zoology and the French - language Le Naturaliste Canadien. Several species of mammal have particular symbolism. The Canadian horse and North American beaver are official symbols of Canada, and several provinces have designated native species as symbols. Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories. Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species : EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern DD - Data Deficient, NE - Not Evaluated ( v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014 ) Contents 1 Native mammals 1.1 Bats 1.2 Carnivorans 1.3 Cetaceans 1.4 Even - toed ungulates 1.5 Marsupials 1.6 Rabbits, hares, and pikas 1.7 Rodents 1.8 Shrews and moles 2 Introduced or accidental species 2.1 Odd - toed ungulates 2.2 Primates 3 Extinct, extirpated or reintroduced species 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External links Native mammals Bats Chiropterans most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20 % of all mammals. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Vespertilionidae : Vesper bats Silver - haired bat ( Chauve - souris argentée ) Lasionycteris noctivagans ( La Conte, 1831 ) Deciduous forest lakes All of southern Canada except Gaspesia and northern Maritimes I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate California myotis ( Chauve - souris de Californie ) Myotis californicus ( Audubon & Bachman, 1842 ) West Coast forests West Coast and Okanagan Valley I : LC Least Concern Western small - footed myotis ( Chauve - souris pygmée de l'Ouest ) Myotis ciliolabrum ( Merriam, 1886 ) Dry areas Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue List Long - eared myotis ( Chauve - souris à longues oreilles ) Myotis evotis ( H. Allen, 1864 ) Varied Southern British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Keen 's myotis ( Chauve - souris de Keen ) Myotis keenii ( Merriam, 1895 ) Forests West Coast I : LC Least Concern CA : Data Deficient BC : Unknown Eastern small - footed myotis ( Chauve - souris pygmée de l'Est ) Myotis leibii ( Audubon & Bachman, 1842 ) Montane forests Southern and south - central Ontario, southwestern Quebec I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Little brown bat ( Petite chauve - souris brune ) Myotis lucifugus ( La Conte, 1831 ) Varied, including cities Yukon to Atlantic Canada I : LC Least Concern Northern long - eared myotis ( Vespertilion nordique or Chauve - souris nordique ) Myotis septentrionalis ( Trouessart, 1897 ) Forests Central to Eastern Canada I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue List Fringed myotis ( Chauve - souris à queue frangée ) Myotis thysanodes ( Miller, 1897 ) White pines forest Southcentral British Columbia I : LC Least Concern CA : Data Deficient BC : Blue List Long - legged myotis ( Chauve - souris à longues pattes ) Myotis volans ( H. Allen, 1866 ) Varied British Columbia and Alberta I : LC Least Concern Yuma myotis ( Chauve - souris de Yuma ) Myotis yumanensis ( H. Allen, 1864 ) Open areas West Coast and Okanagan Valley I : LC Least Concern Pallid bat ( Chauve - souris blonde ) Antrozous pallidus ( LeConte, 1856 ) Dry plains British Columbia I : LC Least Concern CA : Threatened BC : Red List Big brown bat ( Grande chauve - souris brune ) Eptesicus fuscus ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 ) Varied, including cities British Columbia to southern Quebec and New Brunswick I : LC Least Concern Spotted bat ( Oreillard maculé ) Euderma maculatum ( J.A. Allen, 1891 ) Near waterways Inner British Columbia I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern BC : Blue List Western red bat ( Chauve - souris rousse de l'Ouest ) Lasiurus blossevillii ( Lesson and Garnot, 1826 ) Open spaces and cities Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Eastern red bat ( Chauve - souris rousse de l'Est ) Lasiurus borealis ( Müller, 1776 ) Open spaces and cities Alberta to southern Maritimes I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Hoary bat ( Chauve - souris cendré ) Lasiurus cinereus ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 ) Forests British Columbia to northern Hudson Bay and Maritimes I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Tri-colored bat formerly eastern pipistrelle ( Pipistrelle de l'Est ) Pipistrellus subflavus ( F. Cuvier, 1832 ) Forest, fields and waterways Southern Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Townsend 's big - eared bat ( Oreillard de Townsend ) Corynorhinus townsendii ( Cooper, 1837 ) Open woodlands Southern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue List Carnivorans Carnivorans include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Felidae : Felines Canadian lynx ( Lynx du Canada ) Lynx canadensis ( Kerr, 1792 ) Forests Most of Canada I : LC Least Concern NB : Regionally endangered NS : Endangered Bobcat ( Lynx roux ) Lynx rufus ( Schreber, 1777 ) Varied Southern Canada I : LC Least Concern Cougar ( Puma ) Puma concolor ( Linnaeus, 1771 ) Mountain, marshes, dense forests Mountainous regions of Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon. I : LC Least Concern Eastern Population CA : Data Deficient ON : Endangered QC : Listing Candidate NB : Endangered Family Canidae : Canines Arctic fox ( Renard arctique or polaire ) Vulpes lagopus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Tundra Northern Canada I : LC Least Concern Swift fox ( Renard véloce ) Vulpes velox ( Say, 1823 ) Desert and dry prairie Southern Prairie Provinces I : LC Least Concern CA : Endangered AB : Endangered Red fox ( Renard roux ) Vulpes vulpes ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Varied All of Canada except part of the Arctic Islands and West Coast I : LC Least Concern Gray fox ( Renard gris ) Urocyon cinereoargenteus ( Schreber, 1775 ) Varied Southern Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec I : LC Least Concern CA ; Threatened Coyote ( Coyote ) Canis latrans ( Say, 1823 ) Varied Rocky Mountains, southern prairies, southern Ontario, Quebec, and Maritime provinces I : LC Least Concern Gray wolf ( Loup ) Canis lupus ( Say, 1823 ) Varied All of Canada except Anticosti and Prince Edward Islands. Going extinct in several areas. I : LC Least Concern CA : C. l. lycaon subspecies designated Special Concern. Family Ursidae : Bears American black bear ( Ours noir ) Ursus americanus ( Pallas, 1780 ) Varied, mostly forested areas Most of Canada except Arctic and Prince Edward Island. I : LC Least Concern Brown bear ( Ours brun ) Ursus arctos ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Open spaces, mostly alpine and Arctic tundra Rocky Mountains, mainland Northwest Territory and Nunavut. I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern AB : Recommended for Threatened NWT : Sensitive BC : Blue list Polar bear ( Ours blanc or polaire ) Ursus maritimus ( Phipps, 1774 ) Edge of ice fields Arctic Sea and coasts I : VU Vulnerable CA : Special Concern BC : Yellow list NWT : Sensitive QC : Listing Candidate NF : Vulnerable Family Procyonidae : Raccoons and allies Raccoon ( Raton laveur ) Procyon lotor ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Riparian forests Southern Canada except Rockies I : LC Least Concern Family Mustelidae : Mustelids Short - tailed weasel ( Hermine ) Mustela erminea ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Varied All of Canada except part of southern prairies and Anticosti Island I : LC Least Concern ssp. haidarum CA : Threatened BC : Red list ssp. anguinea BC : Blue list Long - tailed weasel ( Belette à longue queue ) Mustela frenata ( Lichtenstein, 1831 ) Open areas Southern Rockies to western Ontario, southern Ontario to western Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern Least weasel ( Belette pygmée ) Mustela nivalis ( Linnaeus, 1766 ) Varied Yukon to Labrador, except southern Quebec and Ontario. I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate American mink ( Vison d'Amérique ) Neovison vison ( Schreber, 177 ) Wetlands and rivers Most of Canada, except the Arctic, part of the prairies and Anticosti Island. Introduced to Newfoundland I : LC Least Concern American marten ( Martre d'Amérique ) Martes americana ( Turton, 1806 ) Coniferous and mixed forests Rockies to Labrador and Newfoundland, except Prairies. Extinct in several parts of Eastern Canada. I : LC Least Concern NS : Endangered NF : Endangered Fisher ( Pékan ) Martes pennanti ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Coniferous and mixed forests near rivers British Columbia to central Quebec, reintroduced in parts of the Maritimes. I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue list Wolverine ( Carcajou ) Gulo gulo ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Boreal forest, Arctic tundra Largely extinct in southern Canada West of the Rockies. Found in much of continental Canada and the Arctic Islands I : LC Least Concern Eastern Population CA : Endangered ON : Threatened QC : Endangered NF : Endangered Western Population CA : Special Concern BC : Varies American badger ( Blaireau d'Amérique ) Taxidea taxus ( Schreber, 1777 ) Fields Southern Prairies, south - central British Columbia and southernmost Ontario I : LC Least Concern CA : Endangered ( jeffersoni and jacksoni ) BC : Red list Northern river otter ( Loutre de rivière ) Lontra canadensis ( Schreber, 1777 ) Rivers, lakes and swamps Most of Canada except part of the Arctic and southern prairies I : LC Least Concern Sea otter ( Loutre de mer ) Enhydra lutris ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Sea and coast Vancouver and Goose Island coast I : EN Endangered CA : Threatened BC : Red list Family Mephitidae : Skunks Western spotted skunk ( Moufette tachetée occidentale ) Spilogale gracilis ( Merriam, 1890 ) Thickets and bushes Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern ( IUCN ) I : Secure ( TNC ) Striped skunk ( Moufette rayée ) Mephitis mephitis ( Schreber, 1776 ) Forests, cultivated areas, valleys Rockies to the Maritmes. Introduced in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia in the 19th century. I : LC Least Concern Superfamily Pinnipedia : Pinnipeds Family Otariidae : Eared seals Northern fur seal ( Otarie à fourrure ) Callorhinus ursinus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Sea Off the coast of British Columbia ; appreciates rocky outcrops. Occasionally reported from the Arctic. I : VU Vulnerable BC : Red list Steller sea lion ( Otarie de Steller ) Eumetopias jubatus ( Schreber, 1776 ) Coast waters British Columbia ; appreciates rocky outcrops. I : NT Near Threatened BC : Blue list ssp. monteriensis I : LC Least Concern California sea lion ( Otarie de Californie ) Zalophus californianus ( ( Lesson, 1828 ) ) Coast waters Near Vancouver Island. I : LC Least Concern Walrus ( Morse ) Odobenus rosmarus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Arctic shallows James Bay to Groenland. Extinct in Western Arctic and the Magdalen Islands. I : DD Data Deficient Family Phocidae : Earless seals Hooded seal ( Phoque à capuchon ) Cystophora cristata ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Sea Atlantic from Gulf of the Saint Lawrence to northern Baffin Island. I : VU Vulnerable Bearded seal ( Phoque barbu ) Erignathus barbatus ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Sea Arctic Ocean I : LC Least Concern Grey seal ( Phoque gris ) Halichoerus grypus ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Sea rocks, and reefs East Coast I : LC Least Concern Northern elephant seal ( Éléphant de mer du Nord ) Mirounga angustirostris ( Gill, 1866 ) Tropical and temperate sea waters Occasional in British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Harp seal ( Phoque du Groenland ) Phoca groenlandica ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Cold waters Gulf of Saint Lawrence to James Bay and Groenland. I : LC Least Concern Harbour seal ( Phoque commun ) Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758 Coast waters and some interior lakes. Most Canadian coasts except the colder part of the Arctic I : LC Least Concern QC : ssp. mellonae Listing Candidate Ringed seal ( Phoque annelé ) Pusa hispida ( Schreber, 1775 ) Arctic waters and ice - floes Arctic Ocean I : LC Least Concern Cetaceans See also : List of cetaceans Cetaceans includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle - shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Balaenidae : Right Whales Bowhead whale ( Baleine boréale ) Balaena mysticetus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Polar ice shelf in winter, coastal waters in the summer. Arctic Ocean I : LC Least Concern CA : At Risk North Atlantic right whale ( Baleine franche ) Eubalaena glacialis ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Temperate coast waters North Atlantic I : EN Endangered CA : Endangered QC : Listing Candidate North Pacific right whale ( Baleine franche ) Eubalaena japonica ( Lacépède, 1818 ) North Pacific I : EN Endangered CA : Endangered Northeast Pacific subpopulation I : CR Critically Endangered Family Balaenopteridae : Rorquals Northern minke whale ( Petit rorqual ) Balaenoptera acutorostrata ( Lacépède, 1804 ) Temperate or polar seas. Northern Atlantic and Pacific I : LC Least Concern CA : Not at Risk Sei whale ( Rorqual boréal ) Balaenoptera borealis ( Lesson, 1828 ) Temperate seas. Atlantic and Pacific oceans I : EN Endangered Pacific CA : BC : Blue List Atlantic CA : Data Deficient Blue whale ( Rorqual bleu ) Balaenoptera musculus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Temperate and polar waters. Atlantic and Pacific oceans I : EN Endangered ssp. musculus ( North Pacific stock ) I : LR / cd Lower Risk / conservation dependent CA : Endangered BC : Blue List ssp. musculus ( North Atlantic stock ) I : VU Vulnerable CA : Endangered QC : Listing Candidate ssp. brevicauda I : DD Data Deficient Fin whale ( Rorqual commun ) Balaenoptera physalus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Pelagic, coastal Atlantic and Pacific oceans I : EN Endangered CA : Threatened / Special Concern BC : Blue List QC : Listing Candidate Humpback whale ( Baleine à bosse ) Megaptera novaeangliae ( Borowski, 1781 ) Coastal waters, often penetrates estuaries. Atlantic and Pacific oceans I : LC Least Concern CA : Threatened / Not at Risk BC : Blue List Family Eschrichtiidae : Grey Whale Gray whale ( Baleine grise ) Eschrichtius robustus ( Lilljebor, 1861 ) Temperate continental shelf waters. Pacific Coast I : LC Least Concern Western subpopulation I : CR Critically Endangered, but Canada is not in the range description CA : Special Concern BC : Blue List Family Monodontidae : Narwhal and Beluga Narwhal ( Narval ) Monodon monoceros ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Edge of Arctic ice sheet. Eastern Arctic Ocean I : NT Near Threatened / Apparently Secure CA : Special Concern Beluga ( Bélouga ) Delphinapterus leucas ( Pallas, 1776 ) Arctic coast waters. Often swim deep up rivers. Eastern and Western Arctic Ocean I : NT Near Threatened CA : Varied QC : Threatened / Listing Candidate ON : Not at Risk Family Phocoenidae : Porpoises Harbour porpoise ( Marsouin commun ) Phocoena phocoena ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) East and West Coast I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern BC : Blue List Dall 's porpoise ( Marsouin de Dall ) Phocoenoides dalli ( True, 1885 ) Continental shelf. North Pacific I : LC Least Concern Family Physeteridae : Sperm Whale Sperm whale ( Cachalot ) Physeter macrocephalus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Very deep waters. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Only migrating males are found in Canadian waters. I : VU Vulnerable CA : Not at Risk BC : Blue List Family Ziphidae : Beaked Whales Cuvier 's beaked whale ( Baleine à bec de Cuvier ) Ziphius cavirostris ( G. Cuvier, 1823 ) Uncertain North Pacific and Atlantic I : LC Least Concern CA : Not at Rist Baird 's beaked whale ( Grande baleine à bec ) Berardius bairdii ( Stejneger, 1883 ) Near continental shelf cliffs North Pacific I : DD Data Deficient CA : Not at Rist Northern bottlenose whale ( Baleine à bec commune ) Hyperoodon ampullatus ( Forster, 1770 ) Subarctic waters North Atlantic and part of Arctic I : DD Data Deficient CA : Endangered Sowerby 's beaked whale ( Baleine à bec de Sowerby ) Mesoplodon bidens ( Sowerby, 1804 ) Deep ocean. Temperate North Atlantic I : DD Data Deficient CA : Special Concern Hubbs ' beaked whale ( Baleine à bec de Moore ) Mesoplodon carlhubbsi ( Moore, 1963 ) Temperate waters North Pacific I : DD Data Deficient CA : Not at Risk Stejneger 's beaked whale ( Baleine à bec de Stejneger ) Mesoplodon stejnegeri ( True, 1885 ) Cold, high sea. North Pacific I : DD Data Deficient CA : Not at Risk Family Delphinidae : Oceanic dolphins Common bottlenose dolphin ( Grand dauphin ) Tursiops truncatus ( Montagu, 1821 ) Coastal waters. Occasional in the Maritimes I : LC Least Concern Short - beaked common dolphin ( Dauphin commun à bec court ) Delphinus delphis ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Temperate high sea Atlantic and Pacific Continental shelves I : LC Least Concern Atlantic white - sided dolphin ( Dauphin à flancs blancs ) Lagenorhynchus acutus ( Gray, 1828 ) Temperate high sea. North Atlantic I : LC Least Concern Pacific white - sided dolphin ( Dauphin à flancs blancs du pacifique ) Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ( Gill, 1865 ) Temperate and subarctic seas. North Pacific I : LC Least Concern White - beaked dolphin ( Dauphin à bec blanc ) Lagenorhynchus albirostris ( Gray, 1846 ) High, cold sea. North Atlantic I : LC Least Concern Orca ( Épaulard or Orque ) Orcinus orca ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Prefers coastal waters. Atlantic, Pacific and parts of the Arctic I : DD Data Deficient CA : Varies BC : Varies Short - finned pilot whale ( Globicéphale du Pacifique ) Globicephala macrorhynchus ( Gray, 1846 ) Varied. Pacific Ocean I : DD Data Deficient CA : Not at Risk Long - finned pilot whale ( Globicéphale de l'Atlantique ) Globicephala melas ( Traill, 1809 ) Varied. North Atlantic I : DD Data Deficient Even - toed ungulates The even - toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species worldwide, including many that are of great economic importance. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Cervidae : Deers Elk ( Wapiti ) Cervus canadensis ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Varied, prefers open areas Southern Rockies and part of the prairies, reintroduced in several part of its former range. I : LC Least Concern ( Cervus elaphus ) ssp roosevelti BC : Blue list Moose ( Orignal ) Alces alces ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Subarctic and open forests Yukon to New Brunswick. Introduced in Newfoundland, Cape Breton and Anticosti Islands. I : LC Least Concern NS : Endangered Mule deer ( Cerf mulet ) Odocoileus hemionus ( Rafinesque, 1817 ) Subarctic and open forests West Coast to Prairies I : LC Least Concern MB : Threatened White - tailed deer ( Cerf de Virginie ) Odocoileus virginianus ( Zimmerman, 1780 ) Glens, rivers, marshes, forest edges Southern Rockies and Prairie Provinces to coast of Labrador and Maritimes. Introduced to the Anticosti Islands. I : LC Least Concern Caribou ( Caribou ) Rangifer tarandus ( Zimmerman, 1780 ) Tundra, Taiga and boreal forest Boreal forests across Canada, art parts of the Arctic and Rockies I : LC Least Concern AB : caribou & groenlandicus threatened MB : caribou threatened QC : Threatened NF : caribou threatened BC : Varies Family Antilocapridae : The Pronghorn Pronghorn ( Antilope d'Amérique or Pronghorn ) Antilocapra americana ( Ord, 1815 ) Prairies and plains Southern Saskatchewan and Alberta. I : LC Least Concern Family Bovidae : Bovids Wood bison ( Bison ) Bison bison athabascae ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Varied South of the Great Slaves Lake. Small reintroduced population found in several parts of its former range. I : NT Near Threatened ( Bison bison ) AB : Endangered BC : Red list Mountain goat ( Chèvre de montagne ) Oreamnos americanus ( Blainville, 1816 ) Mountains Various parts of the Western Cordillera I : LC Least Concern Muskox ( Boeuf musqué ) Ovibos moschatus ( Zimmermann, 1780 ) Arctic tundra Canadian Arctic I : LC Least Concern Bighorn sheep ( Mouflon d'Amérique ) Ovis canadensis ( Shaw, 1804 ) Alpine prairies South and southeastern Rockies I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue list Dall sheep ( Mouflon de Dall ) Ovis dalli Nelson, 1884 Alpine tundra Yukon and northern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern ssp. dalli BC : Blue list Marsupials Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium - sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Didelphidae : New World opossums Virginia opossum ( Opossum d'Amérique or de Virginie ) Didelphis virginiana ( Kerr, 1792 ) Humid lowland forests Southwestern Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Considered an exotic species by British Columbia. I : LC Least Concern Rabbits, hares, and pikas The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae ( hares and rabbits ), and Ochotonidae ( pikas ). They can resemble rodents, but differ in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Ochotonidae : Pikas Collared pika ( Pica à collier ) Ochotona collaris ( Nelson, 1893 ) Mountains above the tree line Rockies of the Yukon I : LC Least Concern American pika ( Pica d'Amérique ) Ochotona princeps ( Richardson, 1828 ) Mountains near the tree line Southern British Columbia and Alberta I : LC Least Concern Family Leporidae : Rabbits and hares Eastern cottontail ( Lapin à queue blanche ) Sylvilagus floridanus ( J.A. Allen, 1890 ) Open woodlands Southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan Ontario and Quebec I : LC Least Concern Mountain cottontail ( Lapin de Nuttall ) Sylvilagus nuttallii ( J.A. Allen, 1890 ) Dry plains Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Okanagan and Similkameen valleys. I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue List ssp. nuttallii CA : Special Concern Snowshoe hare ( Lièvre d'Amérique ) Lepus americanus ( Erxleben, 1777 ) Forests Much of mainland Canada except southernmost Ontario I : LC Least Concern ssp. washingtonii BC : Red list Arctic hare ( Lièvre arctique ) Lepus arcticus ( Ross, 1819 ) Tundra Canadian Arctic ( including Arctic Archipelago ), Labrador, Newfoundland I : LC Least Concern White - tailed jackrabbit ( Lièvre de Townsend ) Lepus townsendii ( Bachman, 1839 ) Fields Southern prairies, Okanagan Valley I : LC Least Concern BC : Red list Rodents Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara, a rodent native to South America, can weigh up to 45 kg ( 100 lb ). Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Erethizontidae : New World porcupines North American porcupine ( Porc - épic d'Amérique ) Erethizon dorsatum ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Forests South of the tree line I : LC Least Concern Family Aplodontiidae : mountain beaver Mountain beaver ( Castor de montagne ) Aplodontia rufa ( Rafinesque, 1817 ) Montane forests Southern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern BC : Blue list Family Castoridae : Beavers North American beaver ( Castor ) Castor canadensis ( Kuhl, 1820 ) Humid areas of forests All of Canada below the tree line except drier parts of the Prairies I : LC Least Concern Family Sciuridae : Squirrels Eastern gray squirrel ( Écureuil gris ) Sciurus carolinensis ( Gmelin, 1788 ) Prefers deep forests, but frequent in urban areas Southern Manitoba and northwestern Ontario, southern Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick. I : LC Least Concern Eastern fox squirrel ( Écureuil fauve ) Sciurus niger ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Edge of forests and groves Southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, British Columbia and Pelee Island I : LC Least Concern Douglas squirrel ( Écureuil de Douglas ) Tamiasciurus douglasii ( Bachman, 1839 ) Coniferous forests Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern American red squirrel ( Écureuil roux ) Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ( Erxleben, 1839 ) Forests Mainland Canada south of the Tree line, except the southern prairies and southwestern British Columbia ; Vancouver Island. I : LC Least Concern Northern flying squirrel ( Grand polatouche ) Glaucomys sabrinus ( Shaw, 1801 ) Boreal forest Mainland Canada south of the tree line except the southern Prairies. I : LC Least Concern Humboldt 's flying squirrel Glaucomys oregonensis ( Bachman, 1839 ) Boreal forest Southern British Columbia continuing south through US Border to California. I : Not evaluated Southern flying squirrel ( Petit polatouche ) Glaucomys volans ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Deciduous forests Southern Ontario, part of Quebec, southern Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate Black - tailed prairie dog ( Chien de prairie à queue noire ) Cynomys ludovicianus ( Ord, 1815 ) Dry prairies Small part of southern Saskatchewan I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern Hoary marmot ( Marmotte des Rocheuses ) Marmota caligata ( Eschscholtz, 1829 ) Alpine tundra Rockies, Columbia, and Coast Mountains I : LC Least Concern Yellow - bellied marmot ( Marmotte à ventre jaune ) Marmota flaviventris ( Audubon and Bachman, 1841 ) Mountains Central British Columbia and southernmost Alberta I : LC Least Concern Groundhog ( Marmotte commune, Siffleux ) Marmota monax ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Broken ground Much of mainland Canada east of the Rockies, inland valleys and part western Yukon I : LC Least Concern Vancouver Island marmot ( Marmotte de Vancouver ) Marmota vancouverensis ( Swarth, 1911 ) Near the mountain tree line Vancouver Island I : CR Critically Endangered CA : Endangered BC : Red list Golden - mantled ground squirrel ( Spermophile à mante dorée ) Callospermophilus lateralis ( Say, 1823 ) Montane coniferous forests Southeastern Rockies I : LR / cd Lower Risk / conservation dependent Cascade golden - mantled ground squirrel ( Spermophile à mante dorée des Cascades ) Callospermophilus saturatus ' ( Rhoads, 1895 ) Southern British Columbia Cascade Range British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Franklin 's ground squirrel ( Écureuil terrestre de Franklin ) Poliocitellus franklinii ( Sabine, 1822 ) Parklands Northwestern Ontario and southern Prairies except short - grass prairies * I : LC Least Concern Thirteen - lined ground squirrel ( Spermophile rayé ) Ictidomys tridecemlineatus ( Mitchill, 1821 ) Groves, swamps, uncultivated land Southern Prairie Provinces I : LC Least Concern Columbian ground squirrel ( Spermophile du Columbia ) Urocitellus columbianus ( Ord, 1815 ) Montane open areas Southern Rocky mountains I : LC Least Concern Arctic ground squirrel ( Spermophile arctique ) Urocitellus parryii ( Richardson, 1825 ) Tundra without permafrost Mainland Arctic I : LC Least Concern Richardson 's ground squirrel ( Spermophile de Richardson ) Urocitellus richardsonii ( Sabine, 1822 ) Prairies South of the Prairie provinces I : LC Least Concern Yellow - pine chipmunk ( Tamia amène ) Tamias amoenus ( Allen, 1821 ) Dry montane forests Southern and central British Columbia and Alberta I : LC Least Concern Least chipmunk ( Tamia mineur ) Tamias minimus ( Bachman, 1839 ) Edges of forests, groves, but also open spaces Western Quebec to Yukon I : LC Least Concern ssp. selkirki AB : Red - tailed chipmunk ( Tamia à queue rousse ) Tamias ruficaudus ( A.H. Howell, 1839 ) High altitude forests and valley pine groves. Southern British Columbia and Alberta I : LC Least Concern CA : Vulnerable AB : May Be At Risk BC : Imperiled Eastern chipmunk ( Tamia rayé, Petit suisse ) Tamias striatus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Deciduous forests Southern half of Ontario and Quebec, and southern Manitoba I : LC Least Concern Townsend 's chipmunk ( Tamia de Townsend ) Tamias townsendii ( Bachman, 1839 ) Western Coast lowland and montane Tsuga forests Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Family Geomyidae : Pocket gophers Plains pocket gopher ( Gaufre brun ) Geomys bursarius ( Shaw, 1800 ) Fields and banks Southern Manitoba I : LC Least Concern CA : Not at risk Northern pocket gopher ( Gaufre gris ) Thomomys talpoides ( Richardson, 1828 ) Open areas Southern Prairie Provinces and British Columbia I : LC Least Concern ssp. douglasii Vulnerable ssp. segregatus Near Threatened BC : Secure ssp. segregatus Red list Family Heteromyidae : Heteromyids Ord 's kangaroo rat ( Rat - kangourou d'Ord ) Dipodomys ordii ( Woodhouse, 1853 ) Semi-deserctic areas Great Sand Hills area I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern AB : Endangered Olive - backed pocket mouse ( Souris à abajoues des plaines ) Perognathus fasciatus ( Wied - Neuwied, 1839 ) Dry plains Southern prairies I : LC Least Concern CA : Sensitive Great Basin pocket mouse ( Souris à abajoues des pinèdes ) Perognathus parvus ( Peale, 1848 ) Dry plains Great Basin I : LC Least Concern CA : Sensitive BC : Red list Family Dipodidae : Jerboas Woodland jumping mouse ( Souris sauteuse des bois ) Napaeozapus insignis ( Miller, 1891 ) Forest streams Eastern Canada I : LC Least Concern Meadow jumping mouse ( Souris sauteuse des champs ) Zapus hudsonius ( Zimmermann, 1780 ) Wet fields Eastern Canada ( except Anticosti island and Newfoundland ) to Yukon I : LC Least Concern ssp. alascensis BC : Blue list Western jumping mouse ( Souris sauteuse de l'ouest ) Zapus princeps ( Allen, 1893 ) Prairies Rockies and Prairies I : LC Least Concern Pacific jumping mouse ( Souris sauteuse du Pacifique ) Zapus trinotatus ( Rhoads, 1893 ) Montane prairies Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Family Cricetidae : Cricetids Southern red - backed vole ( Campagnol à dos roux de Gapper ) Myodes gapperi Vigors, 1830 Forests Most of the provinces, except Newfoundland and Vancouver Island I : LC Least Concern ssp. galei BC : Blue list ssp. occidentalis < BC : Red list Northern red - backed vole ( Campagnol à dos roux boréal ) Myodes rutilus Pallas, 1779 Shrubby tundra Mainland Arctic I : LC Least Concern Northern collared lemming ( Lemming variable or lemming à collerette ) Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Traill, 1823 ) Tundra Northern Arctic islands I : LC Least Concern Ungava collared lemming ( Lemming d'Ungava ) Dicrostonyx hudsonius ( Pallas, 1778 ) Tundra Northern Quebec I : LC Least Concern Victoria collared lemming ( -- ) Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak ( Anderson & Rand, 1945 ) Tundra Mainland Arctic, Banks, Victoria and King Williams Islands I : LC Least Concern Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming ( -- ) Dicrostonyx nunatakensis ( Youngman, 1967 ) Montane tundra Ogilvie Mountains I : LC Least Concern ( IUCN ) I : Critically Imperiled ( TNC ) Richardson 's collared lemming ( -- ) Dicrostonyx richardsoni ( Merriam, 1900 ) Tundra Arctic, roughly south of the Thelon River Basin I : LC Least Concern Sagebrush vole ( Campagnol des sauges ) Lemmiscus curtatus ( Cope, 1868 ) Sagebrush steppes Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan I : LC Least Concern North American brown lemming ( Lemming brun ) Lemmus trimucronatus ( Richardson, 1825 ) Tundra of Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon, also west coast of BC almost South to Vancouver Island I : LC Least Concern Rock vole ( Campagnol des rochers ) Microtus chrotorrhinus ( Miller, 1894 ) Rocky areas Boreal Ontario and Quebec ; southernmost Labrador ; Gaspesia and northern New brunswick I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing Candidate ssp. ravus Data Deficient Long - tailed vole ( Campagnol longicaude ) Microtus longicaudus ( Miller, 1894 ) Varied Western Cordillera I : LC Least Concern Singing vole ( Campagnol chanteur ) Microtus miurus ( Osgood, 1901 ) Alpine tundra Yukon and neighbouring Northwest Territory. I : LC Least Concern Montane vole ( Campagnol montagnard ) Microtus montanus ( Peale, 1848 ) Shortgrass alpine prairies Central south British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Prairie vole ( Campagnol des prairies ) Microtus ochrogaster ( Wagner, 1842 ) Prairies Prairie provinces I : LC Least Concern Tundra vole ( Campagnol nordique ) Microtus oeconomus ( Pallas, 1776 ) Wet tundra Western Arctic I : LC Least Concern Creeping vole ( Campagnol de l'oregon ) Microtus oregoni ( Bachman, 1839 ) Humid coniferous forest Southern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Meadow vole ( Campagnol des champs ) Microtus pennsylvanicus ( Ord, 1815 ) Wet fields All of Canada except Arctic and westernmost ranges I : LC Least Concern Woodland vole ( Campagnol sylvestre ) Microtus pinetorum ( Le Conte, 1830 ) Deciduous forests Southernmost Ontario and Quebec I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern QC : Listing Candidate Water vole ( Campagnol de Richardson ) Microtus richardsoni ( De Kay, 1842 ) Alpine prairies and streams Cascades and southern Rockies I : LC Least Concern Townsend 's vole ( Campagnol de Townsend ) Microtus townsendii ( Bachman, 1839 ) Saline marshes and fields Vancouver Island, nearby islands and Fraser River delta I : LC Least Concern ssp. cowani Conservation Dependent BC : Red list Taiga vole ( Campagnol à joues jaunes ) Microtus xanthognathus ( Leach, 1815 ) Forest streams From southwester Hudson Bay through northern Prairies and Yukon I : LC Least Concern Muskrat ( Rat musqué ) Ondatra zibethicus ( Linnaeus, 1766 ) Wetlands Most of Canada outside the Arctic and southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Western heather vole ( Campagnol des bruyères ) Phenacomys intermedius ( Merriam, 1889 ) Varied British Columbia I : LC Least Concern ssp. artemisiae Near Threatened ssp. sphagnicola Near Threatened Eastern heather vole ( Phénacomys d'Ungava ) Phenacomys ungava ( Merriam, 1889 ) Varied Quebec, Ontario and Labrador to southern Yukon I : LC Least Concern Northern bog lemming ( Campagnol - lemming boréal ) Synaptomys borealis ( Richardson, 1828 ) Peatlands Labrador to Alaska ; Gaspesia and northern New Brunswick I : LC Least Concern Southern bog lemming ( Campagnol - lemming de Cooper ) Synaptomys cooperi ( Baird, 1857 ) Peatlands Western Manitoba, central and southern Ontario and Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern QC : Listing candidate Bushy - tailed woodrat ( Rat à queue touffue ) Neotoma cinerea ( Ord, 1815 ) Mountains Western Cordillera I : LC Least Concern Northwestern deer mouse ( Souris de keen ) Peromyscus keeni ( Rhoades, 1894 ) mild a rainy forests West of the Coastal Mountains I : LC Least Concern White - footed mouse ( Souris à pattes blanches ) Peromyscus leucopus ( Rafinesque, 1818 ) Deciduous forests Southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern Deer mouse ( Souris sylvestre ) Peromyscus maniculatus ( Wagner, 1845 ) Anywhere except wetlands Much of Canada south of the tree line except Newfoundland I : LC Least Concern Western harvest mouse ( Souris - moissonneuse occidentale ) Reithrodontomys megalotis ( Baird, 1858 ) Prairies Okanagan Valley ( ssp. dychei ), south of Alberta and Saskatchewann ( ssp. megalotis ) I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern ( dychei ) CA : Endangered ( megalotis ) BC : Blue list AB : Unknown SA : Unknown Northern grasshopper mouse ( Souris à sauterelles ) Onychomys leucogaster ( Wied - Neuwied, 1841 ) Southern Prairies Prairies I : LC Least Concern Shrews and moles Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout - bodied burrowers. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Native range Status Family Soricidae : Shrews Northern short - tailed shrew ( Grande musaraigne ) Blarina brevicauda ( Say, 1823 ) Deciduous forests Eastern Saskatchewan to Maritime provinces I : LC Least Concern North American least shrew ( Petite musaraigne ) Cryptotis parva ( Say, 1823 ) Fields, clearings and salt marshes Long point, Ontario I : LC Least Concern CA : Possibly extirpated Arctic shrew ( Musaraigne arctique ) Sorex arcticus ( Kerr, 1792 ) Peatlands and marshes From the Northwest Territory to central Quebec I : LC Least Concern Maritime shrew ( Musaraigne des Maritimes ) Sorex maritimensis ( Smith, 1939 ) Peatlands and marshes New Brunswick and Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern The Nature Conservancy : Vulnerable Marsh shrew ( Musaraigne de Bendire ) Sorex bendirii ( Smith, 1939 ) Coniferous forests Fraser Valley I : LC Least Concern CA : Threatened BC : Red List Masked shrew ( Musaraigne cendrée ) Sorex cinereus ( Smith, 1939 ) Varied Most of Mainland Canada except northernmost Quebec ; Prince Edward and Cape Breton islands I : LC Least Concern Long - tailed shrew ( Musaraigne longicaude ) Sorex dispar ( Batchelder, 1911 ) Wet banks Appalachians, Pennsylvania to New Brunswick I : LC Least Concern Smoky shrew ( Musaraigne fuligineuse ) Sorex fumeus ( Miller, 1895 ) Deciduous forests Great lakes to Maritimes I : LC Least Concern Gaspé shrew ( Musaraigne de Gaspé ) Sorex gaspensis ( Anthony & Goodwin, 1924 ) Near forest streams Gaspesia and northern New Brunswick ; Cape Breton Island I : LC Least Concern CA : Not at Risk QC : Listing Candidate Prairie shrew ( Musaraigne des steppes ) Sorex haydeni ( Baird, 1857 ) Grassland Southern Prairies I : LC Least Concern American pygmy shrew ( Musaraigne pygmée ) Sorex hoyi ( Baird, 1857 ) Forest clearings Yukon and eastern Cordillera to Labrador and Maritimes I : LC Least Concern Merriam 's shrew ( Musaraigne de Merriam ) Sorex merriami ( Dobson, 1890 ) Grasslands Extreme southern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern BC : Red List Montane shrew ( Musaraigne sombre ) Sorex monticolus ( Merriam, 1890 ) Montane streams and marshes Western Cordillera I : LC Least Concern American water shrew ( Musaraigne palustre ) Sorex palustris ( Richardson, 1828 ) Lakes and marshes Western Cordillera to Labrador and Maritimes except southern Prairies and southernmost Ontario I : LC Least Concern ssp. brooksi BC : Red List Preble 's shrew ( Musaraigne de Preble ) Sorex preblei ( Jackson, 1922 ) Montane streams and marshes Southcentral British Columbia I : LC Least Concern BC : Red list Trowbridge 's shrew ( Musaraigne de Trowbridge ) Sorex trowbridgii ( Baird, 1857 ) Coniferous forests Lower Fraser Valley I : LC Least Concern BC : Blue list Tundra shrew ( -- ) Sorex tundrensis ( Merriam, 1900 ) Tundra Yukon and Northwest territory I : LC Least Concern BC : Red list Barren ground shrew ( -- ) Sorex ugyunak ( Anderson & Rand, 1945 ) Tundra Mainland Arctic I : LC Least Concern Vagrant shrew ( Musaraigne errante ) Sorex vagrans ( Baird, 1857 ) Montane streams Southern Cordillera I : LC Least Concern Family Talpidae : Moles Star - nosed mole ( Condylure étoilé ) Condylura cristata ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Wet forests Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia I : LC Least Concern Coast mole ( Taupe du Pacifique ) Scapanus orarius ( True, 1896 ) Alpine coniferous forest Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Townsend 's mole ( Taupe de Townsend ) Scapanus townsendii ( Bachman, 1839 ) Fields Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern CA : Endangered BC : Red List Shrew - mole ( Taupe de Townsend ) Neurotrichus gibbsii ( Baird, 1858 ) Banks Southwestern British Columbia I : LC Least Concern Eastern mole ( Taupe à queue glabre ) Scalopus aquaticus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Open woodlands Point Pelee area I : LC Least Concern CA : Special Concern Hairy - tailed mole ( Taupe à queue velue ) Parascalops breweri ( Bachman, 1842 ) Dry loose soils Southern Quebec and Ontario I : LC Least Concern Introduced or accidental species A number of wild mammalians may be found in Canadian territory without being confirmed natives. Some were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced. These include the house mouse ( Mus musculus ), and Norway and black rats ( respectively Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus ). Other include escaped animals ; the Coypu ( Myocastor coypus ), European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and Hares ( Lepus europaeus ), as well as feral cats, dogs and horses fall into this category. Fallow deers ( Dama dama ) and wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) were introduced for hunting. Finally, other species are encountered only accidentally, or so rarely in Canadian territory that it is impossible to tell whether they are permanent resident. Most of these species are cetaceans, some generally poorly known : Risso 's dolphin ( Grampus griseus ), the dwarf and pygmy sperm whales ( Kogia sima and K. breviceps ), Blainville 's and True 's beaked whale ( Mesoplodon densirostris and M. mirus ), the false killer whale ( Pseudorca crassidens ), and the striped dolphin ( Stenella coeruleoalba ). The big free - tailed and evening bats ( respectively Nyctinomops macrotis and Nycticeius humeralis ), as well as the New England cottontail ( Sylvilagus transitionalis ) are found mostly in areas south of the U.S. - Canada frontier, and occasionally in Canada. The only Canadian, and also last known specimen of the sea mink ( Mustela macrodon ) was captured on Campobello Island, New Brunswick in 1894. It is unknown whether the species was ever native to the country, but an unidentified animal reported in 1785 suggest it might have been more common in the Maritimes. Odd - toed ungulates Domestic horses were brought to Canada by humans, but some have since established feral populations. There are approximately 2,000 wild horses in western Canada and another 300 on Sable Island. See free - roaming horse management in North America. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Family Equidae : Horses Wild horse ( Equus ferus ) Equus ferus caballus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Chilcotin Plateau, eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Bronson Forest, and Sable Island Primates The only primates that live in Canada are humans. The species originated in east Africa and is unrelated to South American primates. Humans first arrived in large numbers to Canada around 15,000 years ago from North Asia, and surged in migration starting 400 years ago from around the world, especially from Europe. Common name ( French name ) Species ( Authority ) Preferred habitat Family Hominidae : Great apes Human ( Homme moderne ) Homo sapiens sapiens ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) urban areas or agricultural areas, but can be found almost anywhere Extinct, extirpated or reintroduced species Out of three species that have been extirpated in Canada in written history, two have since been reintroduced. It is not clear whether a fourth species, the aforementioned sea mink, was ever a resident of Canada. The black - footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) became extirpated in Canada in 1937. Between the 1950s and 1981, it was suspected to be entirely extinct until a wild population was discovered in 1981 in Wyoming. The swift fox and sea otter both were extirpated in Canada in the 1930s, but were successfully reintroduced in the beginning of the 1970s. Notes A ^ Banfield, Mammals of Canada, pp. xiv - xv. B ^ National Symbol of Canada Act 1985 R.S.C., c. N - 17 : `` the Beaver ( Castor canadensis ) is a symbol of the sovereignty of Canada ''. National Horse of Canada Act 2002 S.C. 2002, c. 11. See also Fauna of Canada Lists of mammals by region List of prehistoric mammals References Jump up ^ `` The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ''. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014. ^ Jump up to : I : International. Uses IUCN where available CA : Canadian status, if any Provincial statuses, if any and different from federal status. Jump up ^ Sometimes considered a subspecies of M. leibii. ^ Jump up to : Sometimes considered a subspecies of M. keenii Jump up ^ This species is often treated as a subspecies of L. borealis Jump up ^ Formerly Lous - cervier. Jump up ^ It is not clear whether a sustainable population exists or not in Eastern Canada. The species was practically exterminated by the 1970s, but a large number of observations since and the capture of a specimen in 1992 have made the species ' status in Eastern Canada a subject of controversy amongst biologists. Jump up ^ `` Renard polaire '' is preferred in Europe, while `` renard arctique '' is more common in Quebec. Jump up ^ The species is occasionally reported as far south as Central Ontario and Cape Breton Island, and is known to travel south on floes. Jump up ^ According to COSEWIC, the species `` ( m ) et criterion for Endangered (... ), but due to rescue effect was designated Threatened. '' Jump up ^ `` Loup gris '' is used when contrast with C. rufus ( `` Loup rouge '' ) is needed. Jump up ^ The prairies population has been extirpated. Jump up ^ If distinction from other Procyon species is needed, `` raton laveur commun '' is used. Jump up ^ Frequently just `` belette '', or `` belette d'Europe '' if distinction from other Mustela species is needed. Jump up ^ Cape Breton Island only Jump up ^ Ssp. luscus is Blue - listed. Ssp. vancouverensis is Red - listed. Jump up ^ Reintroduced in the 1970s ; the species had been extirpated in Canada around the start of the 20th century. Jump up ^ This species is often considered a subspecies of the eastern spotted skunk, S. putorius, which is otherwise not found in Canada. Jump up ^ If distinction is needed with Arctocephalus fosteri, the southern or New Zealand fur seal, `` otarie à fourrure du Nord '' is used. Jump up ^ Also `` lion de mer de Steller ''. Jump up ^ Sources conflict as to whether classify this species with Phoca or Pagophilus. Jump up ^ IUCN records this species as Baleine du Groenland. Jump up ^ The IUCN ranks the Okhotsk Sea subpopulation as Endangered EN and the Bering - Chukchi - Beaufort Sea population as Least Concern LC. Jump up ^ COSEWIC ranks the Davis Strait - Baffin and Bay - Foxe Basin populations as Threatened and the Bering - Chukchi - Beaufort Sea population as Special Concern. ^ Jump up to : Also Baleine noire. The recognition of Eubalaena japonica as a separate species has not yet effected common French names. Jump up ^ COSEWIC ranks the Pacific population as Threatened and the Atlantic one as Special Concern. Jump up ^ COSEWIC ranks the Pacific population as Threatened and the Atlantic one as Not at Risk. Jump up ^ IUCN lists the species as Near Threatened ; TNC lists it as Apparently Secure. Jump up ^ The various populations have ranks varying between Special Concern and Endangered. Jump up ^ The St. Laurence Estuary population is designated Threatened, other populations are listing candidates. Jump up ^ Sometimes simply `` Marsouin '' Jump up ^ Population of the Scotian Shelf only. Jump up ^ Might be a subspecies of M. bowdoini. Jump up ^ Populations in the Pacific are ranked Threatened, Endangered or Special Concern. The Atlantic population is considered Data Deficient. ^ Jump up to : Populations are Blue - or Red - listed. Jump up ^ Some debate remains as to whether consider this species the same or not as Red Deer, C. elaphus. Jump up ^ On mainland only. Jump up ^ The name `` chevreuil '' is frequent in Quebec, but considered improper, as it normally applies to the European Roe Deer, Capreolus capreolus. Jump up ^ If distinction is needed with B. bonasus, `` bison d'Amérique '' is used. Jump up ^ This species and the European Sciurus vulgaris both share the same French name. Jump up ^ COSEWIC originally designated this species as Special Concern in 1988. It has since been discovered that the range is much larger than previously thought, and the species was delisted in 2006. ( `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2009 - 07 - 14. Retrieved 2007 - 09 - 01., ( 1 ) ) Jump up ^ Originally assessed as Special Concern, was reassessed in 1998 ^ Jump up to : Myodes, MSW3 Jump up ^ The name was originally applied to D. torquatus, of which D. groenlandicus was originally considered to be a subspecies. ^ Jump up to : Whether or not this species is a subspecies of D. groenlandicus is unclear. Jump up ^ The North American L. sibiricus are now recognized as a separate species. IUCN still treats both as L. sibiricus. Jump up ^ This species is now considered to include P. sitkensis and P. oreas, as well as several subspecies of P. maniculatus Jump up ^ Ranked as `` Vulnerable '' in both province by The Nature Conservancy ^ Jump up to : The available evidence indicates that S. gaspensis is a junior synonym for S. dispar but regulatory regimes have not yet fully incorporated that finding. Jump up ^ Formerly considered Special Concern Jump up ^ Also Sorex obscurus in older sources. Jump up ^ Some authorities consider L. europaeus and L. capensis ( Cape hare ) to be the same species. Sources Banfield, Alexander W.F. ( 1974 ). The Mammals of Canada. Toronto : University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0 - 8020 - 2137 - 9. Wilson, Don E. ; Sue Ruff ( 1999 ). The Smithsonian book of North American mammals. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1 - 56098 - 845 - 2. Prescott, Jacques ; Piere Richard ( 2004 ). Mammifères du Québec et de l'Est du Canada ( in French ) ( Rev. 2nd ed. ). Waterloo, Quebec : Éditions Michel Quintin. ISBN 2 - 89435 - 270 - 0. `` The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species : Mammals of Canada ''. IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 29. `` Species at Risk ''. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2006 - 07 - 06. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 29. `` Wild Species 2000 Search Tool ''. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 29. `` Database of species assessed by COSEWIC ''. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 29. `` BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer ''. British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Species Currently Listed under the Wildlife Act and New Species Assessed by the ESCC ''. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. March 22, 2007. Archived from the original on 2009 - 07 - 11. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Wild Species at Risk in Saskatchewan ''. Saskatchewan Environment. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Species Listed Under the Manitoba Endangered Species Act ''. Manitoba Conservation. Archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 30. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Species at Risk in Ontario List ''. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2007 - 05 - 23. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Liste des espèces fauniques menacées ou vulnérables, ou susceptibles d'être désignées menacées ou vulnérables au Québec '' ( in French ). Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec. Archived from the original on February 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Animals at risk ''. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 08. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` NS Endangered Species Act : Legally Listed Species as of 2006 ''. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division. Archived from the original on 2007 - 10 - 12. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Wildlife at Risk ''. Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation. Archived from the original on 2007 - 04 - 17. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` Yukon Species At Risk ''. Yukon Department of Environment. Archived from the original on 2007 - 02 - 18. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. `` NWT Species Monitoring Infobase ''. Northwest Territory Wildlife Division. Archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 29. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 01. Further reading Feldhamer, George A ; Bruce Carlyle Thompson ; Joseph A. Chapman ( 2003 ). Wild mammals of North America ( 2nd ed. ). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801874165 External links Databases : Division of Mammals : Department of Vertebrate Zoology : NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition ( MSW3 ) - database of mammalian taxonomy IUCN Red List of Threatened Species List of mammals of Canada ( by province or territory ) Provinces Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Territories Northwest Territories Nunavut Yukon Book Portal WikiProject List of mammals of North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands Threatened species by region By region Blue - listed Environmental Vulnerability Index Regional Red List Australasia Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ROTAP Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 Threatened ecological community Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989 Canada Species at Risk Act Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Europe European Endangered Species Programme Funds for Endangered Parrots South Africa Endangered Wildlife Trust United States Distinct population segment Endangered Species Act of 1973 Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 Endangered species recovery plan Endangered Wolf Center National Wildlife Refuge NatureServe conservation status The Nature Conservancy Lists Asia List of endangered and protected species of China Endangered mammals of India List of endangered animals in India List of endangered species in Pakistan List of threatened species of the Philippines List of endangered species in Vietnam Europe Threatened mammals of Europe Endangered plants of Europe List of United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan species List of extinct and endangered species of Italy List of extinct and endangered species of Lithuania North America List of endangered plants in North America List of endangered species in North America Endangered mammals and birds of the United States List of threatened mammals of the United States List of threatened birds of the United States List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States Elsewhere Threatened fauna of Australia List of threatened flora of Australia List of endangered flora of Brazil List of threatened mammals of Brazil List of threatened birds of Brazil Threatened species Template : Threatened species by region IUCN Red List Categories Extinct Extinct ( EX ) Extinct in the Wild ( EW ) Threatened Critically Endangered ( CR ) Endangered ( EN ) Vulnerable ( VU ) Lower risk Near Threatened ( NT ) Least Concern ( LC ) Lower Risk ( LR ) Conservation Dependent ( LR / cd ) Not fully assessed Data Deficient ( DD ) Not Evaluated ( NE ) Species Lists Extinct Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient WP categories Extinct Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient CITES Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III By taxa Endangered arthropods / spiders Threatened Banksia / rays / sharks / Fungi / Chromista The World 's 25 Most Endangered Primates The world 's 100 most threatened species Conservation Biodiversity action plan Biodiversity threats Conservation biology CITES ARKive Bird conservation Conservation status Conservation - reliant species Ecoregion conservation status Habitat destruction Latent extinction risk Rare species Vulnerability and susceptibility Pre-2001 categories and subcategories shown in italics. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mammals_of_Canada&oldid=808453270 '' Categories : Lists of biota of Canada Mammals of Canada Lists of mammals by location Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from October 2010 Articles with inconsistent citation formats Featured lists Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Русский Українська اردو Edit links This page was last edited on 2 November 2017, at 23 : 23. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: how many species of mammals are in canada
Answer: approximately 200