Advance Australia Fair - Wikipedia Advance Australia Fair Advance Australia Fair National anthem of Australia Lyrics Peter Dodds McCormick, 1878 Music Peter Dodds McCormick, 1878 Adopted 1984 Audio sample `` Advance Australia Fair '' ( instrumental ) file help `` Advance Australia Fair '' is the national anthem of Australia. Created by the Scottish - born composer Peter Dodds McCormick, the song was first performed in 1878 and sung in Australia as a patriotic song. It replaced `` God Save the Queen '' as the official national anthem in 1984, following a plebiscite to choose the national song in 1977. Other songs and marches have been influenced by `` Advance Australia Fair '', such as the Australian vice-regal salute. Contents 1 History 1.1 Origin 1.2 Competitions, plebiscite and adoption 2 Lyrics 3 Copyright 4 Orchestral version 5 Development of lyrics 6 Criticism 7 Unofficial Christian variant 8 References 9 External links History Origin Peter Dodds McCormick, the composer of `` Advance Australia Fair '' `` Advance Australia Fair '' performed in 1915 `` Advance Australia Fair '' was composed in the late 19th century by Peter Dodds McCormick under the pen - name `` Amicus '' ( which means `` friend '' in Latin ). It was first performed by Andrew Fairfax at a function of the Highland Society of New South Wales in Sydney on 30 November 1878. The song quickly gained popularity and an amended version was sung by a choir of around 10,000 at the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. In 1907 the Australian Government awarded McCormick £ 100 for his composition. In a letter to R.B. Fuller, dated 1 August 1913, McCormick described the circumstances that inspired him to write `` Advance Australia Fair '' : One night I attended a great concert in the Exhibition Building, when all the National Anthems of the world were to be sung by a large choir with band accompaniment. This was very nicely done, but I felt very aggravated that there was not one note for Australia. On the way home in a bus, I concocted the first verse of my song & when I got home I set it to music. I first wrote it in the Tonic Sol - fa notation, then transcribed it into the Old Notation, & I tried it over on an instrument next morning, & found it correct. Strange to say there has not been a note of it altered since. Some alteration has been made in the wording, but the sense is the same. It seemed to me to be like an inspiration, & I wrote the words & music with the greatest ease. The earliest known sound recording of `` Advance Australia Fair '' appears in The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt ( circa 1916 ), a short commercial recording dramatising the arrival of Australian troops in Egypt en route to Gallipoli. Before its adoption as Australia 's national anthem, `` Advance Australia Fair '' had considerable use elsewhere. For example, Australia 's national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Commission, used it to announce its news bulletins until 1952. It was also frequently played at the start or end of official functions. Towards the end of World War II it was one of three songs played in certain picture theatres, along with `` God Save the King '' and the US national anthem. Competitions, plebiscite and adoption In 1951 there was a competition for a new national anthem to celebrate the golden jubilee of the Federation of Australia. The entry by the Austrian - born conductor Henry Krips, `` This Land of Mine '', won the competition but it was decided to make no change to the status quo. Until 1974 `` God Save the Queen '' was Australia 's national anthem. In 1973 the Whitlam government decided that the country needed an anthem that could represent Australia with `` distinction '' and started a competition to find one. This decision by Whitlam was driven by the desire to forge a new nationalism separate from Great Britain. In 1973, Gough Whitlam dedicated an entire Australia Day speech to the search for a new anthem saying that it will be a `` symbolic expression of our national pride and dignity ''. The Australia Council for the Arts organised the contest, which was dubbed the `` Australian National Anthem Quest ''. The contest was held in two stages, the first seeking lyrics and the second music, each having an A $ 5,000 prize for the winning entry. On the recommendation of the Council for the Arts, none of the new entries were felt worthy enough, so the contest ended with the suggestions for `` Advance Australia Fair '', `` Waltzing Matilda '' and `` Song of Australia ''. In 1974 the Whitlam government then performed a nationwide opinion survey to determine the song to be sung on occasions of national significance. Conducted through the Australian Bureau of Statistics, it polled 60,000 people nationally. `` Advance Australia Fair '' was chosen and was enshrined as the national song, to be used on all occasions excepting those of a specifically regal nature. A spokesman for the Prime Minister Gough Whitlam stated that the Government regarded the tune primarily as the national anthem. During the 1975 election campaign following the dismissal of Whitlam by Sir John Kerr, it was proposed by David Combe that the song be played at the start of the Labor Party 's official campaign launch on 24 November 1975 at Festival Hall, Melbourne. Whitlam 's speechwriter Graham Freudenberg rejected this idea, on two grounds, one of which was that the status of the anthem was still tentative. In January 1976 the Fraser government reinstated `` God Save the Queen '' for royal, vice-regal, defence and loyal toast occasions as well as making plans to conduct a national poll to find a song for use on ceremonial occasions when it was desired to mark a separate Australian identity. This was conducted as a plebiscite to choose the National Song, held as an optional additional question in the 1977 referendum on various issues. `` Advance Australia Fair '' received 43.29 % of the vote, defeating the three alternatives, `` Waltzing Matilda '' ( 28.28 % ), `` Song of Australia '' ( 9.65 % ) and the existing national anthem, `` God Save the Queen '' ( 18.78 % ). `` Advance Australia Fair '', with modified lyrics from the original ( see development of lyrics ), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor - General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke. `` God Save the Queen '', now known as the royal anthem, continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by the Queen or members of the Royal Family Lyrics The lyrics of `` Advance Australia Fair '' were officially adopted in 1984 as follows : Australians all let us rejoice, For we are young and free ; We 've golden soil and wealth for toil ; Our home is girt by sea ; Our land abounds in nature 's gifts Of beauty rich and rare ; In history 's page, let every stage Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair. Beneath our radiant Southern Cross We 'll toil with hearts and hands ; To make this Commonwealth of ours Renowned of all the lands ; For those who 've come across the seas We 've boundless plains to share ; With courage let us all combine To Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair. Copyright Even though any copyright of Peter Dodds McCormick 's original lyrics has expired, as he died in 1916, the Commonwealth of Australia claims copyright on the official lyrics and particular arrangements of music. Non-commercial use of the anthem is permitted without case - by - case permission, but the Commonwealth government requires permission for commercial use. Orchestral version The wordless orchestral version of `` Advance Australia Fair '' that is now regularly played for Australian victories at international sporting medal ceremonies, and at the openings of major domestic sporting, cultural and community events, is by Tommy Tycho, an immigrant from Hungary. It was first commissioned by ABC Records in 1984 and then televised by Channel 10 in 1986 in their Australia Day Broadcast, featuring Julie Anthony as the soloist. Development of lyrics Since the original lyrics were written in 1879, there have been several changes, in some cases with the intent of increasing the anthem 's inclusiveness and gender neutrality. Some of these were minor while others have significantly changed the song. The original song was four verses long. For its adoption as the national anthem, the song was cut from four verses to two. The first verse was kept largely as the 1879 original, except for the change in the first line from `` Australia 's sons let us rejoice '' to `` Australians all let us rejoice ''. The second, third and fourth verses of the original were dropped, in favour of a modified version of the new third verse which was sung at Federation in 1901. The original lyrics published in 1879 were as follows : Australia 's sons let us rejoice, For we are young and free ; We 've golden soil and wealth for toil, Our home is girt by sea ; Our land abounds in Nature 's gifts Of beauty rich and rare ; In hist'ry's page, let ev'ry stage Advance Australia fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia fair. When gallant Cook from Albion sailed, To trace wide oceans o'er, True British courage bore him on, Til he landed on our shore. Then here he raised Old England 's flag, The standard of the brave ; `` With all her faults we love her still '' `` Britannia rules the wave. '' In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia fair. While other nations of the globe Behold us from afar, We 'll rise to high renown and shine Like our glorious southern star ; From England soil and Fatherland, Scotia and Erin fair, Let all combine with heart and hand To advance Australia fair. In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia fair. Should foreign foe e'er sight our coast, Or dare a foot to land, We 'll rouse to arms like sires of yore, To guard our native strand ; Britannia then shall surely know, Though oceans roll between, Her sons in fair Australia 's land Still keep their courage green. In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia fair. The 1901 Federation version of the third verse was originally sung as : Beneath our radiant Southern Cross, We 'll toil with hearts and hands ; To make our youthful Commonwealth, Renowned of all the lands ; For loyal sons beyond the seas We 've boundless plains to share ; With courage let us all combine To advance Australia fair. In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia fair ! Criticism Both the lyrics and melody of the Australian national anthem have been criticised in some quarters as being dull and unendearing to the Australian people. A National Party senator, Sandy Macdonald, said in 2001 that `` Advance Australia Fair '' is so boring that the nation risks singing itself to sleep, with boring music and words impossible to understand. A parliamentary colleague, Peter Slipper, said that Australia should consider another anthem. One suggested replacement was `` I Am Australian '', notably in 2011 by former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett. Specific criticism is also directed at the fourth line of lyrics, `` our home is girt by sea '', for its use of the archaic word `` girt '' to acknowledge the fact that Australia is an island. The current version of the anthem has a mix of old and new language, rather than having one style of language consistently throughout. Criticism has come from various people, including Australian Labor Party politician Craig Emerson, but others, including former Labor leader Kim Beazley, have defended it. The line `` for we are young and free '' has been criticised by a Victorian judge who said that many indigenous Australians find the words offensive. Australian Aboriginal soprano, Deborah Cheetham, has refused to sing `` Advance Australia Fair '' at the AFL grand finals, citing this lyric, and has advocated for the lyrics to be rewritten. Unofficial Christian variant A variant of the national anthem penned in 1988 by Sri Lankan immigrant Ruth Ponniah and sung in some Christian schools replaces the second verse with the following : With Christ our head and cornerstone, We 'll build our nation 's might ; Whose way and truth and light alone, Can guide our path aright ; Our lives a sacrifice of love, Reflect our master 's care ; With faces turned to heav'n above, Advance Australia Fair ; In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair. References Jump up ^ Fletcher, Jim ( 1986 ). `` McCormick, Peter Dodds ( 1834 -- 1916 ) ''. Australian Dictionary of Biography. 10. Canberra : Australian National University. Retrieved 17 April 2018. Jump up ^ `` Letters ( manuscript ) ''. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 26 October 2008. Letter to R.B. Fuller Esq. dated 1 August 1913 Jump up ^ The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt from National Film and Sound Archive, at australianscreen online Jump up ^ `` Media Resources -- Images and Audio files for Download ''. National Film and Sound Archive. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. ( 1943 -- The Majestic Fanfare by Charles Williams, the ABC radio news theme ) Jump up ^ `` Song and Two Anthems ''. Sydney Morning Herald. 30 November 1943. Retrieved 1 August 2016. Jump up ^ `` Advance Australia Fair official Australian Anthem : year 2000 text from Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Factsheet 17 ''. Lachlan.bluehaze.com.au. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2016. Jump up ^ Whitlam, G 1973, ' National Anthem ', Australia Day Broadcast Jump up ^ `` Australian National Anthem -- History ''. Australian Government. 10 July 2007. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. Jump up ^ Graham Freudenberg, `` We 've been sacked '', The Sunday Age, 6 November 2005, p. 13 Jump up ^ `` Plebiscite results : National Song Poll ''. Parliament of Australia. 30 June 2002. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia -- National Symbols ''. Parliament of Australia. 21 September 2005. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. ( proclamation by Governor - General dated 19 April 1984 ) ^ Jump up to : `` The Australian National Anthem ''. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. Jump up ^ `` Australian National Anthem -- Commercial use ''. Australian Government. 10 July 2007. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. Jump up ^ Tommy Tycho -- Arranger Jump up ^ `` Digital Collections -- Advance Australia Fair ( 1901 -- 1919 ) ''. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 3 May 2008. Jump up ^ `` Digital Collections -- Advance Australia Fair ( 1879 ) ''. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 1 November 2007. Jump up ^ Barbie Dutter ( 27 June 2001 ). `` Call to scrap Australia 's ' dull ' anthem ''. The Daily Telegraph ( Sydney ). Retrieved 20 December 2007. Jump up ^ `` Senator reignites debate over national anthem ''. ABC News. 21 June 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2007. Jump up ^ Grant McArthur ( 11 February 2011 ). `` Jeff Kennett wants national anthem change ''. The Advertiser. Retrieved 9 August 2014. Jump up ^ Campbell, David ( 22 April 2008 ). `` Time girt went down the gurgler ''. Herald Sun. Retrieved 19 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` Advance Australia Fair strikes a sour note ''. The Australian. 2 January 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2007. Jump up ^ `` Kim Beazley -- Doorstop Interview ( transcript ) ''. Australian Labor Party. 21 June 2001. Archived from the original on 18 July 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2007. Jump up ^ `` New version of national anthem cuts ' offensive ' lyrics ''. The West Australian. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017. Jump up ^ Cheetham, Deborah. `` Young and free ? Why I declined to sing the national anthem at the 2015 AFL Grand Final ''. The Conversation. Jump up ^ `` Schools under fire for ' Christian ' national anthem ''. ABC News. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` Christian schools re-write Australian national anthem ''. The Daily Telegraph. 2 October 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2017. External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : Advance Australia Fair Lyrics on official government website Streaming audio of Advance Australia Fair with links and information Brief history Australian Government websites : Official published lyrics, music with band parts and sound recordings Four - part musical score & lyrics PDF 169 KB Australian National Anthem Audio for download ( MP3 3.12 MB ) Department of Foreign Affair and Trade 's webpage on Advance Australia Fair Online scores held by Australian government libraries ( The MusicAustralia collaboration ) Advance Australia Fair ( Original Lyrics ) -- Australian singer Peter Dawson ( c. 1930 ) youtube video 1987 ABC Sign on and National Anthem ( with sketches of Early Australia ) ( ignore begin of first program ) youtube video 1980 ABC Sign off and National Anthem ( with sketches of Early Australia ) ( ignore end of previous program ) youtube video 2012 HD recording of National Anthem youtube video `` Advance Australia Fair '' with English - Chinese bilingual subtitle MIDI version National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands National anthems Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Federated States of Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Regional anthems American Samoa ( U.S. ) Cook Islands ( N.Z. ) Easter Island ( Chile ) French Polynesia ( France ) Guam ( U.S. ) Hawaii ( U.S. ) New Caledonia ( France ) Niue ( N.Z. ) Northern Mariana Islands ( U.S. ) Pitcairn Islands ( U.K. ) Tokelau ( N.Z. ) United States Minor Outlying Islands ( U.S. ) Wallis and Futuna ( France ) Former anthems Marshall Islands ( 1977 -- 91 ) Federated States of Micronesia ( 1979 -- 91 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&oldid=849625073 '' Categories : Oceanian anthems National symbols of Australia Australian patriotic songs 1878 songs National anthems Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 Use dmy dates from July 2017 Use Australian English from April 2012 All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English Articles with hAudio microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Lietuvių Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nāhuatl Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Gagana Samoa Scots Simple English کوردی Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Українська Tiếng Việt Yorùbá 粵語 中文 45 more Edit links This page was last edited on 10 July 2018, at 08 : 10 ( UTC ). 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Question: how many verses does advance australia fair have
Answer: two