Renal blood flow - wikipedia Renal blood flow Parameter Value renal blood flow RBF = 1000 ml / min hematocrit HCT = 40 % glomerular filtration rate GFR = 120 ml / min renal plasma flow RPF = 600 ml / min filtration fraction FF = 20 % urine flow rate V = 1 mL / min Sodium Inulin Creatinine PAH S = 150 mEq / L S = 1 mg / mL S = 0.01 mg / ml S = U = 710 mEq / L U = 150 mg / mL U = 1.25 mg / mL U = C = 5 mL / min C = 150 ml / min C = 125 mL / min C = 420 ml / min ER = 90 % ERPF = 540 ml / min In the physiology of the kidney, renal blood flow ( RBF ) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 25 % of cardiac output, amounting to 1.1 L / min in a 70 - kg adult male. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow ( RPF ), which is the volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidneys per unit time. While the terms generally apply to arterial blood delivered to the kidneys, both RBF and RPF can be used to quantify the volume of venous blood exiting the kidneys per unit time. In this context, the terms are commonly given subscripts to refer to arterial or venous blood or plasma flow, as in RBF, RBF, RPF, and RPF. Physiologically, however, the differences in these values are negligible so that arterial flow and venous flow are often assumed equal. Contents 1 Renal plasma flow 2 Measuring 3 Autoregulation and Renal Failure 4 References 5 External links Renal plasma flow Renal plasma flow is the volume of plasma that reaches the kidneys per unit time. Renal plasma flow is given by the Fick principle : R P F = U x V P a − P v ( displaystyle RPF = ( \frac ( U_ ( x ) V ) ( P_ ( a ) - P_ ( v ) ) ) ) This is essentially a conservation of mass equation which balances the renal inputs ( the renal artery ) and the renal outputs ( the renal vein and ureter ). Put simply, a non-metabolizable solute entering the kidney via the renal artery has two points of exit, the renal vein and the ureter. The mass entering through the artery per unit time must equal the mass exiting through the vein and ureter per unit time : R P F a × P a = R P F v × P v + U x × V ( displaystyle RPF_ ( a ) \times P_ ( a ) = RPF_ ( v ) \times P_ ( v ) + U_ ( x ) \times V ) where P is the arterial plasma concentration of the substance, P is its venous plasma concentration, U is its urine concentration, and V is the urine flow rate. The product of flow and concentration gives mass per unit time. As mentioned previously, the difference between arterial and venous blood flow is negligible, so RPF is assumed to be equal to RPF, thus R P F × P a = R P F × P v + U x V ( displaystyle RPF \times P_ ( a ) = RPF \times P_ ( v ) + U_ ( x ) V ) Rearranging yields the previous equation for RPF : R P F = U x V P a − P v ( displaystyle RPF = ( \frac ( U_ ( x ) V ) ( P_ ( a ) - P_ ( v ) ) ) ) Measuring Main article : PAH clearance Values of P are difficult to obtain in patients. In practice, PAH clearance is used instead to calculate the effective renal plasma flow ( eRPF ). PAH ( para-aminohippurate ) is freely filtered, is not reabsorbed, and is secreted within the nephron. In other words, not all PAH crosses into the primary filtrate in Bowman 's capsule and the remaining PAH in the vasa recta or peritubular capillaries is taken up and secreted by epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule into the tubule lumen. In this way PAH, at low doses, is almost completely cleared from the blood during a single pass through the kidney. ( Accordingly, the plasma concentration of PAH in renal venous blood is approximately zero. ) Setting P to zero in the equation for RPF yields e R P F = U x P a V ( displaystyle eRPF = ( \frac ( U_ ( x ) ) ( P_ ( a ) ) ) V ) which is the equation for renal clearance. For PAH, this is commonly represented as e R P F = U P A H P P A H V ( displaystyle eRPF = ( \frac ( U_ ( PAH ) ) ( P_ ( PAH ) ) ) V ) Since the venous plasma concentration of PAH is not exactly zero ( in fact, it is usually 10 % of the PAH arterial plasma concentration ), eRPF usually underestimates RPF by approximately 10 %. This margin of error is generally acceptable considering the ease with which PAH infusion allows eRPF to be measured. Finally, renal blood flow ( RBF ) can be calculated from a patient 's RPF and hematocrit using the following equation : R B F = R P F 1 − H c t ( displaystyle RBF = ( \frac ( RPF ) ( 1 - Hct ) ) ) Autoregulation and renal failure If the kidney is methodologically perfused at moderate pressures ( 90 -- 220 mm Hg performed on an experimental animal ; in this case, a dog ), then, there is a proportionate increase of : - Renal Vascular Resistance Along with the increase in pressure. At low perfusion pressures, Angiotensin II may act by constricting the efferent arterioles, thus mainlining the GFR and playing a role in autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow. Patients with poor renal perfusion caused by drugs that inhibit angiotensin - converting enzyme face Renal failure. References Jump up ^ Ganong. Ganong 's Review of Medical Physiology ( 24 ed. ). TATA McGRAW HILL. p. 678. ISBN 978 - 1 - 25 - 902753 - 6. Jump up ^ Ganong. Ganong 's Review of Medical Physiology ( 24 ed. ). TATA McGRAW HILL. p. 678. ISBN 978 - 1 - 25 - 902753 - 6. Bibliography Boron, Walter F., Boulpaep, Emile L. ( 2005 ). Medical Physiology : A Cellular and Molecular Approach. Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier / Saunders. ISBN 1 - 4160 - 2328 - 3. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Eaton, Douglas C., Pooler, John P. ( 2004 ). Vander 's Renal Physiology ( 8th ed. ). Lange Medical Books / McGraw - Hill. ISBN 0 - 07 - 135728 - 9. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) External links Renal Clearance Techniques Physiology of the kidneys and acid - base physiology Renal function Secretion clearance Pharmacokinetics Clearance of medications Urine flow rate Reabsorption Solvent drag sodium chloride urea glucose oligopeptides protein Renal function Glomerular filtration rate Creatinine clearance Renal clearance ratio Urea reduction ratio Kt / V Standardized Kt / V Measures of dialysis Hemodialysis product PAH clearance ( Effective renal plasma flow Extraction ratio ) Filtration Renal blood flow Ultrafiltration Countercurrent exchange Filtration fraction Hormones Antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide Renin Erythropoietin Calcitriol Prostaglandins Acid - base balance Fluid balance Darrow Yannet diagram Body water : Intracellular fluid / Cytosol Extracellular fluid ( Interstitial fluid Plasma Transcellular fluid ) Base excess Davenport diagram Anion gap Arterial blood gas Winters ' formula Buffering Bicarbonate buffer system Respiratory compensation Renal compensation Other Fractional sodium excretion BUN - to - creatinine ratio Tubuloglomerular feedback Natriuresis Urine Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renal_blood_flow&oldid=793590323 '' Categories : Renal physiology Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch فارسی Italiano 日本 語 Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 August 2017, at 18 : 35. 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Question: how many ml of blood enters the renal arteries
Answer: 1.1 L/min in a 70-kg adult male