Interleukin 8 - wikipedia Interleukin 8 CXCL8 Available structures PDB Human UniProt search : PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3IL8, 1ICW, 1IKL, 1IKM, 1IL8, 1ILP, 1ILQ, 1QE6, 1ROD, 2IL8, 4XDX Identifiers Aliases CXCL8, chemokine ( C-X-C motif ) ligand 8, GCP - 1, GCP1, LECT, LUCT, LYNAP, MDNCF, MONAP, NAF, NAP - 1, NAP1, IL8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, Interleukin - 8 External IDs OMIM : 146930 HomoloGene : 47937 GeneCards : CXCL8 Gene location ( Human ) Chr. Chromosome 4 ( human ) Band 4q13. 3 Start 73,740,506 bp End 73,743,716 bp RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity protein binding interleukin - 8 receptor binding chemokine activity Cellular component extracellular region intracellular extracellular space Biological process G - protein coupled receptor signaling pathway intracellular signal transduction chemokine - mediated signaling pathway cellular response to tumor necrosis factor receptor internalization cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of angiogenesis regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate PERK - mediated unfolded protein response induction of positive chemotaxis chemotaxis regulation of cell adhesion immune response cell cycle arrest cellular response to interleukin - 1 angiogenesis positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis inflammatory response negative regulation of G - protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway response to molecule of bacterial origin cellular response to lipopolysaccharide embryonic digestive tract development signal transduction negative regulation of cell proliferation calcium - mediated signaling regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell defense response neutrophil chemotaxis neutrophil activation antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide regulation of receptor activity cytokine - mediated signaling pathway Sources : Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3576 n / a Ensembl ENSG00000169429 n / a UniProt P10145 n / a RefSeq ( mRNA ) NM_000584 NM_001354840 n / a RefSeq ( protein ) NP_000575 NP_001341769 n / a Location ( UCSC ) Chr 4 : 73.74 -- 73.74 Mb n / a PubMed search n / a Wikidata View / Edit Human Interleukin 8 ( IL8 or chemokine ( C-X-C motif ) ligand 8, CXCL8 ) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells store IL - 8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel - Palade bodies. In humans, the interleukin - 8 protein is encoded by the CXCL8 gene. IL - 8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL - 8 isoforms. In culture, a 72 amino acid peptide is the major form secreted by macrophages. There are many receptors on the surface membrane capable of binding IL - 8 ; the most frequently studied types are the G protein - coupled serpentine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Expression and affinity for IL - 8 differs between the two receptors ( CXCR1 > CXCR2 ). Through a chain of biochemical reactions, IL - 8 is secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response. Contents 1 Function 2 CXCL - 8 mediated chemotaxis of the neutrophil 3 Target cells 4 Clinical significance 5 Nomenclature 6 Regulation of expression 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading Function IL - 8, also known as neutrophil chemotactic factor, has two primary functions. It induces chemotaxis in target cells, primarily neutrophils but also other granulocytes, causing them to migrate toward the site of infection. IL - 8 also induces phagocytosis once they have arrived. IL - 8 is also known to be a potent promoter of angiogenesis. In target cells, IL - 8 induces a series of physiological responses required for migration and phagocytosis, such as increases in intracellular Ca, exocytosis ( e.g. histamine release ), and the respiratory burst. IL - 8 can be secreted by any cells with toll - like receptors that are involved in the innate immune response. Usually, it is the macrophages that see an antigen first, and thus are the first cells to release IL - 8 to recruit other cells. Both monomer and homodimer forms of IL - 8 have been reported to be potent inducers of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. The homodimer is more potent, but methylation of Leu25 can block the activity of homodimers. IL - 8 is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by viral infection. IL - 8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. The genes encoding this and the other ten members of the CXC chemokine family form a cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 4q. Cxcl - 8 mediated chemotaxis of the neutrophil CXCL8 is the primary cytokine involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of damage or infection ; in a process called chemotaxis. A number of variables are essential for the successful chemotaxis of neutrophils, including the increased expression of high affinity adhesion molecules to secure the neutrophil to the endothelium near the affected site ( and is therefore not washed away into the circulatory system ), and that the neutrophil can digest its way through the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) to reach affected site. CXCL8 plays a key role in inducing the cell signalling necessary to bring about these changes. Firstly, at the site of infection histamine release causes vasodilation of the capillaries near the injured area which slows down the blood flow in the region and encourages leukocytes, such as neutrophils, to come closer to the endothelium, and away from the centre of the lumen where the rate of blood flow is highest. Once this occurs weak interactions are made between the selectins expressed on the neutrophil and endothelial cells ( expression of which is also increased through the action of CXCL8 and other cytokines ). On the neutrophil these are : L selectins, and on the endothelial cell : P and E selectins. This causes the `` rolling '' phase of chemotaxis. Once the neutrophil is rolling along the endothelium, it will come into contact with a CXCL8 molecule expressed on the surface which stimulates the cell signalling pathway, mediated through a G - coupled - protein - receptor. The binding of CXCL8 to CXCR1 / 2 on the neutrophil stimulates the neutrophils to upregulate their expression of the integrin, LFA - 1, which takes part in high affinity bonding with ICAM - 1 receptors expressed on the endothelium. The expression and affinity of LFA - 1 is significantly increased to maximise binding. This causes the neutrophil to slow down more until it is stationary. Another key function of the cell signalling stimulated by CXCL8, is the initiation of the oxidative burst. This process allows the build up of proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) which are necessary to break down the ECM and basement membrane. These are released in secretory granules, along with more integrins. The release of ROS and damaging enzymes is regulated to minimise host damage, but continues to reach site of infection at which it will carry out its effector functions. Target cells While neutrophil granulocytes are the primary target cells of IL - 8, there are a relatively wide range of cells ( endothelial cells, macrophages, mast cells, and keratinocytes ) that respond to this chemokine. The chemoattractant activity of IL - 8 in similar concentrations to vertebrates was proven in Tetrahymena pyriformis, which suggests a phylogenetically well - conserved structure and function for this chemokine. Clinical significance Interleukin - 8 is a key mediator associated with inflammation where it plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil degranulation. As an example, it has been cited as a proinflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis. Interleukin - 8 secretion is increased by oxidant stress, which thereby cause the recruitment of inflammatory cells and induces a further increase in oxidant stress mediators, making it a key parameter in localized inflammation. IL - 8 was shown to be associated with obesity. IL - 8 has also been implied to have a role in colorectal cancer by acting as an autocrine growth factor for colon carcinoma cell lines or the promotion of division and possible migration by cleaving metalloproteinase molecules. If a pregnant mother has high levels of interleukin - 8, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia in her offspring. High levels of Interleukin 8 have been shown to reduce the likelihood of positive responses to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. IL - 8 has also been implicated in the pathology of cystic fibrosis. Through its action as a signalling molecule IL - 8 is capable of recruiting and guiding neutrophils to the lung epithelium. Overstimulation and dysfunction of these recruited neutrophils within the airways results in release of a number of pro-inflammatory molecules and proteases resulting in further damage of lung tissue. Nomenclature IL - 8 was renamed CXCL8 by the Chemokine Nomenclature Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies,. Its approved HUGO gene symbol is CXCL8. Regulation of expression The expression of IL - 8 is negatively regulated by a number of mechanisms. MiRNA - 146a / b - 5p indirectly represses IL - 8 expression by silencing the expression of IRAK1. Additionally, the 3'UTR of IL - 8 contains a A / U-rich element that makes it extremely unstable under certain conditions. IL - 8 expression is also regulated by the transcription factor NF - κB. NF - κB regulation represents a novel anti-IL - 8 therapy for use in inflammatory diseases such as cystic fibrosis. See also Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha Interleukin 8 receptor, beta References ^ Jump up to : GRCh38 : Ensembl release 89 : ENSG00000169429 - Ensembl, May 2017 Jump up ^ `` Human PubMed Reference : ''. Jump up ^ Hedges JC, Singer CA, Gerthoffer WT ( 2000 ). `` Mitogen - activated protein kinases regulate cytokine gene expression in human airway myocytes ''. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23 ( 1 ) : 86 -- 94. doi : 10.1165 / ajrcmb. 23.1. 4014. PMID 10873157. Jump up ^ Wolff B, Burns AR, Middleton J, Rot A ( 1998 ). `` Endothelial cell `` memory '' of inflammatory stimulation : human venular endothelial cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel - Palade bodies ``. J. Exp. Med. 188 ( 9 ) : 1757 -- 62. doi : 10.1084 / jem. 188.9. 1757. PMC 2212526. PMID 9802987. Jump up ^ Utgaard JO, Jahnsen FL, Bakka A, Brandtzaeg P, Haraldsen G ( 1998 ). `` Rapid secretion of prestored interleukin 8 from Weibel - Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells ''. J. Exp. Med. 188 ( 9 ) : 1751 -- 6. doi : 10.1084 / jem. 188.9. 1751. PMC 2212514. PMID 9802986. ^ Jump up to : Modi WS, Dean M, Seuanez HN, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, O'Brien SJ ( 1990 ). `` Monocyte - derived neutrophil chemotactic factor ( MDNCF / IL - 8 ) resides in a gene cluster along with several other members of the platelet factor 4 gene superfamily ''. Hum. Genet. 84 ( 2 ) : 185 -- 7. doi : 10.1007 / BF00208938. PMID 1967588. ^ Jump up to : Brat DJ, Bellail AC, Van Meir EG ( 2005 ). `` The role of interleukin - 8 and its receptors in gliomagenesis and tumoral angiogenesis ''. Neuro - oncology. 7 ( 2 ) : 122 -- 133. doi : 10.1215 / s1152851704001061. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Entrez Gene : IL8 interleukin 8 ''. ^ Jump up to : Dixit N, Simon SI ( 2012 ). `` Chemokines, selectins and intracellular calcium flux : temporal and spatial cues for leukocyte arrest ''. Frontiers in Immunology. 3 : 188. doi : 10.3389 / fimmu. 2012.00188. PMC 3392659. PMID 22787461. Jump up ^ Köhidai L, Csaba G ( 1998 ). `` Chemotaxis and chemotactic selection induced with cytokines ( IL - 8, RANTES and TNF - alpha ) in the unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis ''. Cytokine. 10 ( 7 ) : 481 -- 6. doi : 10.1006 / cyto. 1997.0328. PMID 9702410. Jump up ^ Harada A, Sekido N, Akahoshi T, Wada T, Mukaida N, Matsushima K ( Nov 1994 ). `` Essential involvement of interleukin - 8 ( IL - 8 ) in acute inflammation ''. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 56 ( 5 ) : 559 -- 64. PMID 7964163. Jump up ^ Haake, SK, Huang, GTJ : Molecular Biology of the host - Microbe Interaction in Periodontal Diseases ( Selected Topics ). In Newman, Takei, Carranza, editors : Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co. 2002. page 162. Jump up ^ Vlahopoulos S, Boldogh I, Casola A, Brasier AR ( 1999 ). `` Nuclear factor - kappaB - dependent induction of interleukin - 8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha : evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation ''. Blood. 94 ( 6 ) : 1878 -- 89. PMID 10477716. Jump up ^ Sharabiani MT, Vermeulen R, Scoccianti C, Hosnijeh FS, Minelli L, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Krogh V, Tumino R, Chiodini P, Panico S, Vineis P ( 2011 ). `` Immunologic profile of excessive body weight ''. Biomarkers. 16 ( 3 ) : 243 -- 51. doi : 10.3109 / 1354750X. 2010.547948. PMID 21506696. Jump up ^ Brew R, Erikson JS, West DC, Kinsella AR, Slavin J, Christmas SE ( 2000 ). `` Interleukin - 8 as an autocrine growth factor for human colon carcinoma cells in vitro ''. Cytokine. 12 ( 1 ) : 78 -- 85. doi : 10.1006 / cyto. 1999.0518. PMID 10623446. Jump up ^ Itoh Y, Joh T, Tanida S, Sasaki M, Kataoka H, Itoh K, Oshima T, Ogasawara N, Togawa S, Wada T, Kubota H, Mori Y, Ohara H, Nomura T, Higashiyama S, Itoh M ( 2005 ). `` IL - 8 promotes cell proliferation and migration through metalloproteinase - cleavage proHB - EGF in human colon carcinoma cells ''. Cytokine. 29 ( 6 ) : 275 -- 82. doi : 10.1016 / j. cyto. 2004.11. 005. PMID 15749028. Jump up ^ Brown AS, Hooton J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V, Perrin M, Gorman JM, Susser ES ( 2004 ). `` Elevated maternal interleukin - 8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring ''. Am J Psychiatry. 161 ( 5 ) : 889 -- 95. doi : 10.1176 / appi. ajp. 161.5. 889. PMID 15121655. Jump up ^ Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC ( 2004 ). `` Changes in serum interleukin - 2, - 6, and - 8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol : relationship to outcome in schizophrenia ''. J Clin Psychiatry. 65 ( 7 ) : 940 -- 7. doi : 10.4088 / JCP. v65n0710. PMID 15291683. Jump up ^ Reeves EP, Williamson M, O'Neill SJ, Greally P, McElvaney NG ( Jun 2011 ). `` Nebulized hypertonic saline decreases IL - 8 in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis ''. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 183 ( 11 ) : 1517 -- 23. doi : 10.1164 / rccm. 201101 - 0072oc. PMID 21330456. Jump up ^ Bacon K, Baggiolini M, Broxmeyer H, Horuk R, Lindley I, Mantovani A, Maysushima K, Murphy P, Nomiyama H, Oppenheim J, Rot A, Schall T, Tsang M, Thorpe R, Van Damme J, Wadhwa M, Yoshie O, Zlotnik A, Zoon K ( 2002 ). `` Chemokine / chemokine receptor nomenclature ''. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22 ( 10 ) : 1067 -- 8. doi : 10.1089 / 107999002760624305. PMID 12433287. Jump up ^ Bhaumik D, Scott GK, Schokrpur S, Patil CK, Orjalo AV, Rodier F, Lithgow GJ, Campisi J ( 2009 ). `` MicroRNAs miR - 146a / b negatively modulate the senescence - associated inflammatory mediators IL - 6 and IL - 8 ''. Aging. 1 ( 4 ) : 402 -- 11. doi : 10.18632 / aging. 100042. PMC 2818025. PMID 20148189. Jump up ^ Rottner M, Freyssinet JM, Martínez MC ( 2009 ). `` Mechanisms of the noxious inflammatory cycle in cystic fibrosis ''. Respir. Res. 10 ( 1 ) : 23. doi : 10.1186 / 1465 - 9921 - 10 - 23. PMC 2660284. PMID 19284656. Further reading Baggiolini M, Clark - Lewis I ( 1992 ). `` Interleukin - 8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine ''. FEBS Lett. 307 ( 1 ) : 97 -- 101. doi : 10.1016 / 0014 - 5793 ( 92 ) 80909 - Z. PMID 1639201. Wahl SM, Greenwell - Wild T, Hale - Donze H, Moutsopoulos N, Orenstein JM ( 2000 ). `` Permissive factors for HIV - 1 infection of macrophages ''. J. Leukoc. Biol. 68 ( 3 ) : 303 -- 10. PMID 10985244. Starckx S, Van den Steen PE, Wuyts A, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G ( 2002 ). `` Neutrophil gelatinase B and chemokines in leukocytosis and stem cell mobilization ''. Leuk. Lymphoma. 43 ( 2 ) : 233 -- 41. doi : 10.1080 / 10428190290005982. PMID 11999552. Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV, Birchall JP, Pearson JP ( 2003 ). `` Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor - alpha, interleukin - 1 beta, interleukin - 6 and interleukin - 8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion ''. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 13 ( 2 ) : 161 -- 72. PMID 12101072. Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J ( 2003 ). `` Regulation of the immune response by the interaction of chemokines and proteases ''. Adv. Immunol. Advances in Immunology. 81 : 1 -- 44. doi : 10.1016 / S0065 - 2776 ( 03 ) 81001 - 5. ISBN 978 - 0 - 12 - 022481 - 4. PMID 14711052. Chakravorty M, Ghosh A, Choudhury A, Santra A, Hembrum J, Roychoudhury S ( 2004 ). `` Ethnic differences in allele distribution for the IL8 and IL1B genes in populations from eastern India ''. Hum. Biol. 76 ( 1 ) : 153 -- 9. doi : 10.1353 / hub. 2004.0016. PMID 15222686. Yuan A, Chen JJ, Yao PL, Yang PC ( 2005 ). `` The role of interleukin - 8 in cancer cells and microenvironment interaction ''. Front. Biosci. 10 : 853 -- 65. doi : 10.2741 / 1579. PMID 15569594. Copeland KF ( 2005 ). `` Modulation of HIV - 1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines ''. Mini Rev Med Chem. 5 ( 12 ) : 1093 -- 101. doi : 10.2174 / 138955705774933383. PMID 16375755. PDB gallery 1icw : INTERLEUKIN - 8, MUTANT WITH GLU 38 REPLACED BY CYS AND CYS 50 REPLACED BY ALA 1ikl : NMR study of monomeric human interleukin - 8 ( minimized average structure ) 1ikm : NMR study of monomeric human interleukin - 8 ( 30 structures ) 1il8 : THREE - DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN 8 IN SOLUTION 1ilp : CXCR - 1 N - TERMINAL PEPTIDE BOUND TO INTERLEUKIN - 8 1ilq : CXCR - 1 N - TERMINAL PEPTIDE BOUND TO INTERLEUKIN - 8 ( MINIMIZED MEAN ) 1qe6 : INTERLEUKIN - 8 WITH AN ADDED DISULFIDE BETWEEN RESIDUES 5 AND 33 ( L5C / H33C ) 2il8 : THREE - DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN 8 IN SOLUTION 3il8 : CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN 8 : SYMBIOSIS OF NMR AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Cell signaling : cytokines By family Chemokine CCL CCL1 CCL2 / MCP1 CCL3 / MIP1α CCL4 / MIP1β CCL5 / RANTES CCL6 CCL7 CCL8 CCL9 CCL11 CCL12 CCL13 CCL14 CCL15 CCL16 CCL17 CCL18 / PARC / DCCK1 / AMAC1 / MIP4 CCL19 CCL20 CCL21 CCL22 CCL23 CCL24 CCL25 CCL26 CCL27 CCL28 CXCL CXCL1 / KC CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL4 CXCL5 CXCL6 CXCL7 CXCL8 / IL8 CXCL9 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCL12 CXCL13 CXCL14 CXCL15 CXCL16 CXCL17 CX3CL CX3CL1 XCL XCL1 XCL2 TNF TNFA Lymphotoxin TNFB / LTA TNFC / LTB TNFSF4 TNFSF5 / CD40LG TNFSF6 TNFSF7 TNFSF8 TNFSF9 TNFSF10 TNFSF11 TNFSF13 TNFSF13B EDA Interleukin Type I ( grouped by receptor subunit ) γ chain IL2 / IL15 IL4 / IL13 IL7 IL9 IL21 β chain IL3 IL5 GMCSF IL6 like / gp130 IL6 IL11 IL27 IL30 IL31 + non IL OSM LIF CNTF CTF1 IL12 family / IL12RB1 IL12 IL23 IL27 IL35 Other IL14 IL16 IL32 IL34 Type II IL10 family IL10 / IL22 IL19 IL20 IL24 IL26 Interferon type III IL28 / IFNL2 + 3 IL29 / IFNL1 Interferon IFNA1 IFNA2 IFNA4 IFNA5 IFNA6 IFNA7 IFNA8 IFNA10 IFNA13 IFNA14 IFNA16 IFNA17 IFNA21 IFNB1 IFNK IFNW1 II IFNG Ig superfamily IL1 family : IL1A / IL1F1 IL1B / IL1F2 1Ra / IL1F3 IL1F5 IL1F6 IL1F7 IL1F8 IL1F9 IL1F10 33 / IL1F11 18 / IL1G IL17 family IL17 / IL25 ( IL17A ) Other Hematopoietic KITLG Colony - stimulating factor SPP1 MIF By function / cell proinflammatory cytokine IL1 TNFA Monokine Lymphokine IFNγ TNFβ IL4 IL5 IL6 IL10 IL13 Chemokine receptor modulators CC CCR1 Agonists : CCL4 ( MIP - 1β ) CCL5 ( RANTES ) CCL6 CCL9 ( CCL10 ) CCL14 CCL15 CCL16 CCL23 CCR2 Agonists : CCL2 CCL8 CCL12 CCL16 NAMs : Cenicriviroc ( TAK - 652, TBR - 652 ) CCR3 Agonists : CCL5 ( RANTES ) CCL7 CCL11 CCL13 CCL15 CCL18 CCL24 CCL26 CCL28 CCR4 Agonists : CCL3 ( MIP - 1α ) CCL5 ( RANTES ) CCL17 CCL22 Antibodies : Mogamulizumab ( against CCR4 ) CCR5 Agonists : CCL3 ( MIP - 1α ) CCL4 ( MIP - 1β ) CCL5 ( RANTES ) CCL8 CCL11 CCL13 CCL14 CCL16 NAMs : Aplaviroc Cenicriviroc ( TAK - 652, TBR - 652 ) INCB009471 Maraviroc Vicriviroc Antibodies : PRO-140 CCR6 Agonists : CCL20 CCR7 Agonists : CCL19 CCL21 CCR8 Agonists : CCL1 CCL16 CCR9 Agonists : CCL25 CCR10 Agonists : CCL27 CCL28 CCR11 Agonists : CCL19 CCL21 CCL25 Ungrouped Antibodies : Bertilimumab ( against CCL11 ) Carlumab ( against CCL2 ) CXC CXCR1 ( IL - 8Rα ) Agonists : CXCL6 Emoctakin Interleukin - 8 ( CXCL8, GCP - 1 ) Antagonists : Navarixin NAMs : Ladarixin Reparixin ( repertaxin ) CXCR2 ( IL - 8Rβ ) Agonists : CXCL1 ( MGSA ) CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL5 CXCL6 CXCL7 Emoctakin Garnocestim Interleukin - 8 ( CXCL8, GCP - 1 ) Antagonists : Danirixin Elubrixin Navarixin NAMs : Ladarixin Reparixin ( repertaxin ) CXCR3 Agonists : CXCL4 ( PF4 ) CXCL9 ( MIG ) CXCL10 ( IP - 10 ) CXCL11 ( I - TAC ) Iroplact Antibodies : Eldelumab ( against CXCL10 ) CXCR4 Agonists : MIF SDF - 1 ( CXCL12 ) Ubiquitin Antagonists : Plerixafor ( AMD3100 ) Antibodies : Ulocuplumab ( against CXCR4 ) CXCR5 Agonists : CXCL13 CXCR6 Agonists : CXCL16 CXCR7 Agonists : CXCL11 ( I - TAC ) SDF - 1 ( CXCL12 ) PAMs : Plerixafor ( AMD3100 ) C ( XC ) XCR1 Agonists : Lymphotactin - α ( XCL1 ) Lymphotactin - β ( XCL2 ) Antibodies : Pateclizumab CX3C CX3CR1 Agonists : Fractalkine ( CX3CL1 ) Others CCBP2 Agonists : CC ( β ) chemokines CMKLR1 Agonists : Chemerin Resolvin E1 See also Receptor / signaling modulators Signaling peptide / protein receptor modulators Cytokine receptor modulators Interleukin receptor modulators IL - 1 Agonists : Interleukin 1 ( α, β ) Mobenakin Pifonakin Antagonists : AF - 12198 Anakinra IL - 1RA Isunakinra Antibodies : Canakinumab Gevokizumab Lutikizumab Decoy receptors : Rilonacept ( IL - 1 Trap ) IL - 2 Agonists : Adargileukin alfa Aldesleukin Celmoleukin Denileukin diftitox Interleukin 2 Pegaldesleukin Teceleukin Tucotuzumab celmoleukin Antibodies : Basiliximab Daclizumab ( dacliximab ) Inolimomab IL - 3 Agonists : Daniplestim Interleukin 3 Leridistim Milodistim Muplestim Promegapoietin IL - 4 Agonists : Binetrakin Interleukin 4 Interleukin 13 Antagonists : Pitrakinra Antibodies : Dupilumab Pascolizumab IL - 5 Agonists : Interleukin 5 Antagonists : YM - 90709 Antibodies : Benralizumab Mepolizumab Reslizumab Antisense oligonucleotides : TPI ASM8 IL - 6 Agonists : Atexakin alfa Interleukin 6 Antibodies : ARGX - 109 Clazakizumab Elsilimomab mAb 1339 Olokizumab Sarilumab Siltuximab Sirukumab Tocilizumab IL - 7 Agonists : Interleukin 7 IL - 8 See CXCR1 ( IL - 8Rα ) and CXCR2 ( IL - 8Rβ ) here instead. IL - 9 Agonists : Interleukin 9 Antibodies : Enokizumab IL - 10 Agonists : Ilodecakin Interleukin 10 ( CSIF ) IL - 11 Agonists : Interleukin 11 ( AGIF ) Oprelvekin IL - 12 Agonists : Edodekin alfa Interleukin 12 Antibodies : Briakinumab Ustekinumab IL - 13 Agonists : Binetrakin Cintredekin besudotox Interleukin 4 Interleukin 13 Antibodies : Anrukinzumab Lebrikizumab Tralokinumab IL - 15 Agonists : ALT - 803 Interleukin 15 IL - 17 Agonists : Interleukin 17 ( A, B, C, D, E ( interleukin 25 ), F ) Antibodies : Brodalumab Ixekizumab Perakizumab Remtolumab Secukinumab Vunakizumab IL - 18 Agonists : Iboctadekin Interleukin 18 Interleukin 37 Tadekinig Binding proteins : IL18BP IL - 20 Agonists : Interleukin 19 Interleukin 20 Interleukin 24 Antibodies : Fletikumab ( against IL - 20 ) IL - 21 Agonists : Denenicokin Interleukin 21 Antibodies : NNC0114 - 0005 NNC0114 - 0006 IL - 22 Agonists : Interleukin 22 Antibodies : Fezakinumab ( against IL - 22 ) IL - 23 Agonists : Interleukin 23 ( SGRF ) Antibodies : Brazikumab Briakinumab Guselkumab Tildrakizumab Ustekinumab IL - 27 Agonists : Interleukin 27 ( interleukin 30 ) IL - 28 Agonists : Interferon λ4 ( IFN - λ4 ) Interleukin 28 ( A ( IFN - λ2 ), B ( IFN - λ3 ) ) Interleukin - 29 ( IFN - λ1 ) IL - 31 Agonists : Interleukin 31 IL1RL1 Agonists : Interleukin 33 IL1RL2 Agonists : Interleukin 36 ( α, β, γ ) Interleukin 38 Antagonists : IL - 36RA Others JAK See here instead. Others Interleukin 14 ( taxilin alpha, HMW - BCGF ) Interleukin 16 ( signals through CD4 ) Interleukin 24 ( signals through IL - 22Rα1 / IL - 20Rβ heterodimer ) Interleukin 26 ( signals through IL - 20Rα / IL - 10Rβ heterodimer ) Interleukin 32 Interleukin 34 ( signals through M - CSFR / CSF1R ) Interleukin 35 See also Receptor / signaling modulators Signaling peptide / protein receptor modulators Cytokine receptor modulators Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_8&oldid=828589062 '' Categories : Genes on human chromosome 4 Cytokines Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Cymraeg Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Українська 粵語 中文 11 more Edit links This page was last edited on 3 March 2018, at 14 : 41. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: cells attracted to the site of infection by il-8 are
Answer: neutrophil granulocytes