Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences - wikipedia Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel Awarded for Outstanding contributions in Economic Sciences Location Stockholm, Sweden Presented by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Reward ( s ) 9 million SEK ( 2017 ) First awarded 1969 Currently held by Richard H. Thaler ( 2017 ) Website NobelPrize.org ← 2016 The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ( officially Swedish : Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne, or the Swedish National Bank 's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel ), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field. The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden 's central bank, the Swedish National Bank, on the bank 's 300th anniversary. Although it is not one of the prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is referred to along with the other Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation. Laureates are announced with the other Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony. Laureates in the Memorial Prize in Economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It was first awarded in 1969 to the Dutch and Norwegian economists Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch, `` for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes ''. Contents 1 Creation and funding 1.1 Relation to the Nobel Prizes 2 Award nomination and selection process 3 Laureates 4 Awards to non-economists 5 Controversies and criticisms 6 Alternative names 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Creation and funding An endowment `` in perpetuity '' from Sveriges Riksbank pays the Nobel Foundation 's administrative expenses associated with the prize and funds the monetary component of the award. Since 2012, the monetary portion of the Prize in Economics has totaled 8 million Swedish kronor. This is equivalent to the amount given for the original Nobel Prizes. Since 2006, Sveriges Riksbank has given the Nobel Foundation an annual grant of 6.5 million Swedish kronor ( in January 2008, approx. US $1 million ; 0.7 million Euro ) for its administrative expenses associated with the prize as well as 1 million Swedish kronor ( until the end of 2008 ) to include information about the prize in the Nobel Foundation 's internet webpage. Relation to the Nobel Prizes The Prize in Economics is not one of the original Nobel Prizes created by Alfred Nobel 's will. However, the nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the Nobel Prizes. Laureates are announced with the Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the prize `` in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his ( Alfred Nobel 's ) will, '' which stipulate that the prize be awarded annually to `` those who... shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. '' Award Nomination and selection process Main article : Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel Announcement of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2008 According to its official website, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences `` administers a researcher exchange with academies in other countries and publishes six scientific journals. Every year the Academy awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the Crafoord Prize and a number of other large prizes ''. Each September the Academy 's Economics Prize Committee, which consists of five elected members, `` sends invitations to thousands of scientists, members of academies and university professors in numerous countries, asking them to nominate candidates for the Prize in Economics for the coming year. Members of the Academy and former laureates are also authorised to nominate candidates. '' All proposals and their supporting evidence must be received before February 1. The proposals are reviewed by the Prize Committee and specially appointed experts. Before the end of September, the committee chooses potential laureates. If there is a tie, the chairman of the committee casts the deciding vote. Next, the potential laureates must be approved by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Members of the Ninth Class ( the social sciences division ) of the Academy vote in mid-October to determine the next laureate or laureates of the Prize in Economics. As with the Nobel Prizes, no more than three people can share the prize for a given year ; they must still be living at the time of the Prize announcement in October ; and information about Prize nominations can not be disclosed publicly for 50 years. Like the Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, each laureate in Economics receives a diploma, gold medal, and monetary grant award document from the King of Sweden at the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, on the anniversary of Nobel 's death ( December 10 ). Laureates Main article : List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics The first prize in economics was awarded in 1969 to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen `` for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes ''. In 2009, Elinor Ostrom became the first woman awarded the prize. Awards to non-economists Sylvia Nasar wrote in her book A Beautiful Mind that in February 1995, after acrimony pertaining to the awarding of the 1994 Prize in Economics to John Forbes Nash, the Prize in Economics was redefined as a prize in social sciences. This makes it available to researchers in such topics as political science, psychology, and sociology. Moreover, the composition of the Economics Prize Committee changed to include two non-economists. This has not been confirmed by the Economics Prize Committee. The members of the 2007 Economics Prize Committee are still dominated by economists, as the secretary and four of the five members are professors of economics. In 1978, Herbert A. Simon, whose PhD was in political science, became the first non-economist to win the prize, while Daniel Kahneman, a professor of psychology and international relations at Princeton University is the first non-economist by profession to win the prize. Controversies and criticisms Some critics argue that the prestige of the Prize in Economics derives in part from its association with the Nobel Prizes, an association that has often been a source of controversy. Among them is the Swedish human rights lawyer Peter Nobel, a great - grandson of Ludvig Nobel. Nobel criticizes the awarding institution of misusing his family 's name, and states that no member of the Nobel family has ever had the intention of establishing a prize in economics. He explained that `` Nobel despised people who cared more about profits than society 's well - being '', saying that `` There is nothing to indicate that he would have wanted such a prize '', and that the association with the Nobel prizes is `` a PR coup by economists to improve their reputation ''. According to Samuel Brittan of the Financial Times, both of the former Swedish ministers of finance, Kjell - Olof Feldt and Gunnar Myrdal, wanted the prize abolished, saying, `` Myrdal rather less graciously wanted the prize abolished because it had been given to such reactionaries as Hayek ( and afterwards Milton Friedman ). '' In his speech at the 1974 Nobel Prize banquet, Friedrich Hayek stated that had he been consulted on the establishment of a Nobel Prize in economics, he would `` have decidedly advised against it '' primarily because, `` The Nobel Prize confers on an individual an authority which in economics no man ought to possess... This does not matter in the natural sciences. Here the influence exercised by an individual is chiefly an influence on his fellow experts ; and they will soon cut him down to size if he exceeds his competence. But the influence of the economist that mainly matters is an influence over laymen : politicians, journalists, civil servants and the public generally. '' Critics cite the apparent snub of Joan Robinson as evidence of the committee 's bias towards mainstream economics, though heterodox economists like Friedrich Hayek ( Austrian School ) and Ronald Coase ( associated with new institutional economics ) have won. Milton Friedman was awarded the 1976 prize in part for his work on monetarism. Awarding the prize to Friedman caused international protests. Friedman was accused of supporting the military dictatorship in Chile because of the relation of economists of the University of Chicago to Pinochet, and a controversial six - day trip he took to Chile during March 1975 ( less than two years after the coup that deposed President Salvador Allende ). Friedman himself answered that he never was an adviser to the dictatorship, but only gave some lectures and seminars on inflation and met with officials, including Augusto Pinochet, in Chile. Four Nobel Prize laureates -- George Wald, Linus Pauling, David Baltimore and Salvador Luria -- wrote letters in October 1976 to the New York Times protesting Friedman 's award. The 1994 prize to John Forbes Nash caused controversy within the selection committee because of Nash 's history of mental illness and alleged anti-Semitism. The controversy resulted in a change to the rules governing the committee during 1994 : Prize Committee members are now limited to serve for three years. The 2005 prize to Robert Aumann was criticized by European press for his alleged use of game theory to justify his stance against the dismantling of Israeli settlements in occupied territories. Avner Offer 's and Gabriel Söderberg 's The Nobel factor : the prize in economics, social democracy, and the market turn ( Princeton University Press 2016 ) argues that there has been a dramatic shift in the dominant macroeconomic theories among the academia, and that the creation of the Nobel in 1969 was the cause of this, as it enhanced the prestige of free market ideology and conferred upon it the status of science. Alternative names The official Swedish name of the Prize is Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne. The Nobel Foundation 's translations of the Swedish name into English have varied since 1969 : Years English translations 1969 -- 1970 Prize in Economic Science dedicated to the memory of Alfred Nobel 1971 Prize in Economic Science 1972 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973 -- 1975 Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976 -- 1977 Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978 -- 1981 Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 1982 Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984 -- 1990 Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 1991 Sveriges Riksbank ( Bank of Sweden ) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992 -- 2005 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2006 -- present The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel See also List of Nobel laureates by country List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field List of prizes, medals and awards List of prizes named after people Notes Jump up ^ `` Nobel Prize amount is raised by SEK 1 million ''. Nobelprize.org. Jump up ^ Hird., John A. ( 2005 ). Power, Knowledge, and Politics. American governance and public policy. Georgetown University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978 - 1 - 58901 - 048 - 2. OCLC 231997210. the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics ^ Jump up to : `` Nobel Prize ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007. An additional award, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden with a grant to the Nobel Foundation, and was first awarded in 1970. Thus, its laureates are announced with the Nobel Prize recipients, and the Prize in Economic Sciences is presented at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel ''. Sveriges Riksbank. Retrieved 12 December 2012. Sveriges Riksbank 's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established with a donation to the Nobel Foundation in connection with the Riksbank 's 300th anniversary in 1968. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2007. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. ^ Jump up to : `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2007. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank ( Sweden 's central bank ) established this Prize in memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Jump up ^ `` Organization Structure : Spreading Information About the Nobel Prize ''. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014 - 11 - 26. ^ Jump up to : `` Statutes for The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel approved by the Crown on the 19th day of December 1968 ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2007. In celebration of the Tercentenary of Sveriges Riksbank, the Bank has instituted a prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel... The Prize shall be awarded annually to a person who has written a work on economic sciences of the eminent significance expressed in the will of Alfred Nobel drawn up on November 27, 1895... The Prize shall be awarded by the Royal Academy of Sciences in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his will. ^ Jump up to : `` Nominating and awarding '', in `` Prize in Economic Sciences '', Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved July 04, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Jan Tinbergen '' ( 2007 ), in Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed November 16, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online : < http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9380801 >. Jump up ^ `` Ragnar Frisch '' ( 2007 ), in Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed November 16, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online : < http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9364984 >. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Amounts ''. www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016 - 04 - 26. ^ Jump up to : Assar Lindbeck, `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969 -- 2006 '', nobelprize.org, April 18, 1999. Retrieved November 11, 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Prize in Economic Sciences 2007 '', press release, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, October 15, 2007. Retrieved November 16, 2007. Archived November 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Årsredovidning 2006 '' ( PDF ). Sveriges Riksbank. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2013. I posten ekonomipris ingår prissumman om 10 miljoner kronor samt administrationskostnader för detta pris om 6, 5 miljoner kronor. Dessutom har bidrag givits till det interaktiva Internetmuseum som Nobelstiftelsen byggt upp. Bidraget avser täckande av kostnaden för information om ekonomipriset. Bidraget ska enligt avtal utbetalas årligen med 1 miljon kronor till och med 2008. Jump up ^ Rampell, Catherine ( 15 October 2012 ). `` 2 From U.S. Win Nobel in Economics ''. New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Nomination of the Laureates in Economics ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 14 October 2012. Jump up ^ `` Prize in Economic Sciences '', Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved July 4, 2017. Archived October 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2007. Jump up ^ `` Nomination and Selection of the Laureates in Economics ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` Members ''. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies and Banquets ''. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969 ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2012. ^ Jump up to : Nasar, A Beautiful Mind, p. 372 ^ Jump up to : Brittan, Samuel ( 19 December 2003 ). `` The not so noble Nobel Prize ''. Financial Times. Retrieved 26 November 2009. Jump up ^ `` The Economics Prize Committee ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. 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Jump up ^ Feldman, Burton ( 2000 ). `` Chapter 9 : The Economics Memorial Prize ''. The Nobel Prize : A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige. New York : Arcade Publishing. p. 350. ISBN 1 - 55970 - 537 - X. Jump up ^ O'Shaughnessy, Hugh ( 11 December 2006 ). `` General Augusto Pinochet ''. The Independent. Jump up ^ Friedman, Milton ; Friedman, Rose D. `` Two Lucky People : One Week in Stockholm ''. Hoover Digest : Research and Opinion on Public Policy. 1998 ( 4 ). Jump up ^ Wald, George ; Pauling, Linus ( 24 October 1976 ). `` Letters to the Editor : The Laureate ''. New York Times. p. 166. Jump up ^ Baltimore, David ; Luria, S.E. ( 24 October 1976 ). `` Letters to the Editor : The Laureate ''. New York Times. p. 166. Jump up ^ Nasar, A Beautiful Mind, p. 356 -- 373 Jump up ^ `` Top 10 Nobel Prize Controversies : John Forbes Nash ''. Time. October 7, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2015. Jump up ^ `` EJP News Western Europe Anti-Israel protests against Nobel prize award ''. 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Nobel Foundation. 18 October 1984. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 16 October 1990. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 15 October 1991. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 13 October 1992. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 10 October 2005. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2006 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. Jump up ^ `` The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007 : Press Release ''. Nobel Foundation. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2007. References Nasar, Sylvia ( 1998 ). A Beautiful Mind. New York : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 684 - 81906 - 6. External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences '' dated 2016 - 02 - 15, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ( Audio help ) More spoken articles The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel ( English version ) -- Official website of the prize. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( English version ) -- Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The Nobel Foundation -- Official website of the Nobel Foundation. IDEAS / RePEc Nobel Perspectives website - documentary interviews with past laureates of the Nobel Prize for Economics Links to related articles Laureates of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 1969 -- 1975 1969 Ragnar Frisch / Jan Tinbergen 1970 Paul Samuelson 1971 Simon Kuznets 1972 John Hicks / Kenneth Arrow 1973 Wassily Leontief 1974 Gunnar Myrdal / Friedrich Hayek 1975 Leonid Kantorovich / Tjalling Koopmans 1976 -- 2000 1976 Milton Friedman 1977 Bertil Ohlin / James Meade 1978 Herbert A. Simon 1979 Theodore Schultz / Arthur Lewis 1980 Lawrence Klein 1981 James Tobin 1982 George Stigler 1983 Gérard Debreu 1984 Richard Stone 1985 Franco Modigliani 1986 James M. Buchanan 1987 Robert Solow 1988 Maurice Allais 1989 Trygve Haavelmo 1990 Harry Markowitz / Merton Miller / William F. Sharpe 1991 Ronald Coase 1992 Gary Becker 1993 Robert Fogel / Douglass North 1994 John Harsanyi / John Forbes Nash Jr. / Reinhard Selten 1995 Robert Lucas Jr. 1996 James Mirrlees / William Vickrey 1997 Robert C. Merton / Myron Scholes 1998 Amartya Sen 1999 Robert Mundell 2000 James Heckman / Daniel McFadden 2001 -- present 2001 George Akerlof / Michael Spence / Joseph E. Stiglitz 2002 Daniel Kahneman / Vernon L. Smith 2003 Robert F. Engle / Clive Granger 2004 Finn E. Kydland / Edward C. Prescott 2005 Robert Aumann / Thomas Schelling 2006 Edmund Phelps 2007 Leonid Hurwicz / Eric Maskin / Roger Myerson 2008 Paul Krugman 2009 Elinor Ostrom / Oliver E. Williamson 2010 Peter A. Diamond / Dale T. Mortensen / Christopher A. Pissarides 2011 Thomas J. Sargent / Christopher A. Sims 2012 Alvin E. Roth / Lloyd S. Shapley 2013 Eugene Fama / Lars Peter Hansen / Robert J. Shiller 2014 Jean Tirole 2015 Angus Deaton 2016 Oliver Hart / Bengt Holmström 2017 Richard Thaler Nobel Prizes Lists of Nobel laureates Prizes Chemistry Economics Literature Peace Physics Physiology or Medicine Laureates by subject Chemistry Economics Literature Peace Physics Physiology or Medicine by criterion African Arab Asian Black Female Latino and Hispanic Jewish by country Argentine Australian Belgian Chinese Danish Hungarian Indian Israeli Italian Japanese Korean Liberian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Spanish Swedish Turkish Welsh by religion Christian Jewish Muslim Non-religious by year By year by university affiliation University affiliation by occupation Head of Government and State Committees and organisations Nobel Foundation Nobel Committees Chemistry Economics Physics Physiology or Medicine Norwegian Nobel Committee Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet Related topics Controversies Other prizes Alfred Nobel Nobel Memorial Prize ( not one of the original Nobel Prizes ). Financial economics awards Career awards Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Germán Bernácer Prize Fischer Black Prize Morgan Stanley - American Finance Association Award Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics Research awards Brattle Prize Smith Breeden Prize Jensen Prize Fama - DFA Prize Michael Brennan Award William Sharpe Award Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences&oldid=806098923 '' Categories : Economics awards Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Nobel Prize Awards established in 1969 1969 establishments in Sweden 1969 in economics Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Articles containing Swedish - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from October 2013 Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Alemannisch Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Қазақша Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски मराठी مصرى Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча پنجابی Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Yorùbá 粵語 中文 डोटेली Edit links This page was last edited on 19 October 2017, at 17 : 56. 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Question: nobel prize for economics was instituted by who
Answer: Swedish National Bank