List of spaceflight records - wikipedia List of spaceflight records The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965 This is a list of spaceflight records. Most of these records relate to human spaceflights, but some unmanned and animal records are listed as well. Contents 1 First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country 2 Human spaceflight firsts 3 Most spaceflights 4 Duration records 4.1 Total human spaceflight time by country 4.2 Most time in space 4.3 Ten longest human spaceflights 4.4 Longest single flight by a woman 4.5 Longest continuous occupation of space 4.6 Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft 4.7 Longest solo flight 4.8 Longest time on the lunar surface 4.9 Longest time in lunar orbit 5 Speed and altitude records 5.1 Farthest humans from Earth 5.2 Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission = 5.3 Fastest 6 Age records 6.1 Earliest - born to reach space ( suborbital flight ) 6.2 Earliest - born to reach space ( orbital flight ) 6.3 Youngest ( age during spaceflight ) 6.4 Oldest ( age during spaceflight ) 7 Spacewalk records 7.1 Most spacewalks 7.2 Most spacewalks during a single mission 8 Animal records 8.1 First living organisms in space 8.2 First animal in orbit 8.3 Longest canine single flight 8.4 First animals beyond low - Earth orbit 9 Notable unmanned spaceflights 10 See also 11 References 12 External links First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country Country Mission Crew Spacecraft Launch vehicle Date Type USSR Vostok 1 Yuri Gagarin Vostok 3KA Vostok - K 12 April 1961 Orbital USA Mercury - Redstone 3 ( Freedom 7 ) Alan Shepard Mercury Spacecraft No. 7 Mercury - Redstone 5 May 1961 Sub-orbital USA Mercury - Atlas 6 ( Friendship 7 ) John Glenn Mercury Spacecraft No. 13 Atlas LV - 3B 20 February 1962 Orbital China Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei Shenzhou spacecraft Long March 2F 15 October 2003 Orbital Human spaceflight FIRSTS This section needs additional citations for verification. 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( June 2015 ) First Person ( s ) Mission Country Date Person to reach space Person in orbit Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1 USSR 12 April 1961 Person to make suborbital flight Person to land in a spacecraft after spaceflight ( thus the first complete human spaceflight by FAI definitions ) Person to pilot a craft in space Alan Shepard Freedom 7 USA 5 May 1961 Person in space for over 24 hours Multiple orbits during a spaceflight Gherman Titov Vostok 2 USSR 6 August 1961 -- 7 August 1961 Person to land ( splashdown ) in a spacecraft after orbital flight John Glenn Friendship 7 USA 20 February 1962 Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft - to - spacecraft communications Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich Vostok 3 Vostok 4 USSR 12 August 1962 -- 15 August 1962 Woman in space Civilian in space Valentina Tereshkova Vostok 6 USSR 16 June 1963 -- 19 June 1963 Spaceflight ( suborbital ) by winged spacecraft Joe Walker X-15 Flight 90 USA 19 July 1963 Person to enter space twice ( suborbital flights above 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) ) Joe Walker X-15 Flights 90 and 91 USA 22 August 1963 Three - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Persons to land in a spacecraft on hard ground Manned spaceflight without pressurized spacesuits Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov Voskhod 1 USSR 12 October 1964 -- 13 October 1964 Spacewalk Alexey Leonov Voskhod 2 USSR 18 March 1965 Orbital maneuvers ( change orbit ) Gus Grissom, John W. Young Gemini 3 USA 23 March 1965 Person to fly two orbital spaceflights Gordon Cooper Faith 7 Gemini 5 USA 15 May 1963 -- 16 May 1963 21 August 1965 -- 29 August 1965 Persons to spend one week in space Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad Gemini 5 USA 21 August 1965 -- 29 August 1965 Space rendezvous ( orbital maneuver and station - keeping ) Four people in space at the same time Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford Gemini 7 Gemini 6A USA 15 December 1965 -- 16 December 1965 Space docking Neil Armstrong David Scott Gemini 8 and Agena USA 16 March 1966 Multiple rendezvous John W. Young Michael Collins Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8 USA 19 July 1966 20 July 1966 Spaceflight fatality ( during landing ) Vladimir Komarov Soyuz 1 USSR 23 April 1967 -- 24 April 1967 Person to complete three spaceflights Walter Schirra Mercury - Atlas 8 Gemini 6A Apollo 7 USA 22 October 1968 Persons to leave low Earth orbit ( LEO ) Persons to fully escape Earth 's gravity Persons to enter lunar orbit Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders Apollo 8 USA 24 December 1968 -- 25 December 1968 Space docking of two manned spacecraft Dual spacewalk Сrew transfer ( Khrunov, Yeliseyev ) Vladimir Shatalov Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5 USSR 16 January 1969 Solo flight around the Moon John Young Apollo 10 USA 22 May 1969 Moon landing Planetary surface EVA Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin Apollo 11 USA 20 July 1969 Five people in space at the same time Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov Anatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 USSR 12 October 1969 -- 13 October 1969 Triple spaceflight Seven people in space at the same time Shonin, Kubasov Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8 USSR 13 October 1969 -- 16 October 1969 Person to complete four spaceflights James A. Lovell Gemini 7 Gemini 12 Apollo 8 Apollo 13 USA 17 April 1970 Person to fly two lunar flights Person to complete two flights beyond low Earth orbit James A. Lovell Apollo 8 Apollo 13 USA 11 April 1970 -- 17 April 1970 People to spend two weeks in space Night launch Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov Soyuz 9 USSR 1 June 1970 -- 19 June 1970 People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell Apollo 14 USA 6 February 1971 Docking with space station ( soft dock ) Night landing Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov Soyuz 10 Salyut 1 USSR 22 April 1971 -- 24 April 1971 Manned space station Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov Soyuz 11 Salyut 1 USSR 7 June 1971 -- 29 June 1971 In - space fatalities Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov Soyuz 11 USSR 29 June 1971 People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth Dave Scott Jim Irwin Apollo 15 USA 31 July 1971 -- 2 August 1971 EVA outside low Earth orbit ( trans - Earth trajectory ) Al Worden Apollo 15 USA 5 August 1971 Person to be in lunar orbit twice ( during separate lunar expeditions ) John W. Young Apollo 10 Apollo 16 USA 16 April 1972 -- 27 April 1972 People in orbit for four weeks Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz Skylab 2 USA 25 May 1973 -- 22 June 1973 People in orbit for eight weeks Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott Skylab 3 USA 28 July 1973 -- 25 September 1973 People in orbit for 12 weeks Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson Skylab 4 USA 16 November 1973 -- 8 February 1974 Spaceflight aborted during liftoff ( at 145 kilometers ( 90 mi ) altitude ) Re-entry with 20 g acceleration ( emergency ) Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov Soyuz 18a USSR 5 April 1975 Crew to visit occupied space station Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO - 1 crew USSR 10 January 1978 -- 16 January 1978 People in orbit 19 weeks ( 4 months ) Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Salyut 6 EO - 2, Soyuz 29 - Soyuz 31 USSR 15 June 1978 -- 2 November 1978 People in orbit 26 weeks ( 6 months ) Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin Salyut 6 EO - 4, Soyuz 35 - Soyuz 37 USSR 9 April 1980 -- 11 October 1980 Spaceflight ( orbital ) by winged spacecraft John W. Young Robert L. Crippen STS - 1 USA 12 April 1981 Person to fly four different types of spacecraft John W. Young Gemini Apollo Lunar Module STS - 1 USA 12 April 1981 Person to complete five spaceflights John W. Young Gemini 3 Gemini 10 Apollo 10 Apollo 16 STS - 1 USA 14 April 1981 Four - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Vance Brand Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen William B. Lenoir STS - 5 USA 11 November 1982 -- 16 November 1982 Five - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Robert L. Crippen Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian Sally K. Ride Norman E. Thagard STS - 7 USA 18 June 1983 -- 24 June 1983 Six - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw, Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Byron K. Lichtenberg -- USA Ulf Merbold -- Germany ( European Space Agency ) STS - 9 USA West Germany 28 November 1983 -- 8 December 1983 Person to complete six spaceflights John W. Young Gemini 3 Gemini 10 Apollo 10 Apollo 16 STS - 1 STS - 9 USA 8 December 1983 Untethered spacewalk Bruce McCandless II STS - 41 - B USA 7 February 1984 Eight people in space at the same time ( no docking ) Oleg Atkov, Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov -- USSR Vance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair, Robert L. Stewart -- USA Salyut 7 EO - 3, Soyuz T - 10, STS - 41 - B USSR USA 8 February 1984 -- 11 February 1984 11 people in space at the same time ( no docking ) Oleg Atkov, Leonid D. Kizim, Yury Malyshev, Vladimir Solovyov, Gennady Strekalov -- USSR Robert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, James van Hoften -- USA Rakesh Sharma -- India STS - 41 - C, Salyut 7 EO - 3, Soyuz T - 10 - Soyuz T - 11 USSR USA India 6 April 1984 -- 11 April 1984 People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov Salyut 7 USSR 26 April -- 18 May 1984 Spacewalk by a woman Svetlana Savitskaya Soyuz T - 12 USSR 25 July 1984 People in orbit 33 weeks ( 7 months ) Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov Salyut 7 EO - 3, Soyuz T - 10 - Soyuz T - 11 USSR 8 February 1984 -- 2 October 1984 Seven - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Paul D. Scully - Power -- USA Marc Garneau -- Canada STS - 41 - G USA Canada 5 October 1984 -- 13 October 1984 Two women in space at the same time Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride STS - 41 - G USA 5 October 1984 -- 13 October 1984 Partial crew exchange at a space station Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov Soyuz T - 14, Salyut 7 USSR 17 September 1985 -- 26 September 1985 Eight - person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. Nagel, Bonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford -- USA Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid -- West Germany Wubbo Ockels -- Netherlands ( European Space Agency ) STS - 61 - A USA West Germany Netherlands 30 October 1985 -- 6 November 1985 Fatalities during launch Francis `` Dick '' Scobee Michael J. Smith Ellison Onizuka Judith Resnik Ronald McNair Sharon Christa McAuliffe Gregory Jarvis STS - 51 - L USA 28 January 1986 Space station - to - space station flight Space station - to - space station return flight Expedition on two space stations Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Soyuz T - 15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir USSR 15 March 1986 -- 16 July 1986 Complete crew exchange at a space station Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov Soyuz TM - 4 - Soyuz TM - 2, Soyuz TM - 3, at Mir USSR 21 December 1987 -- 29 December 1987 People in orbit 52 weeks ( one year ) Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov Mir EO - 3, Soyuz TM - 4 - Soyuz TM - 6 USSR 21 December 1987 -- 21 December 1988 12 people in space at the same time ( no docking ) Shuttle : Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker -- USA Mir : Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov -- Russia Soyuz and Soyuz / Mir : Musa Manarov, Viktor Afanasyev -- Russia Toyohiro Akiyama -- Japan STS - 35, Mir EO - 7, Soyuz TM - 10 - Soyuz TM - 11 USSR USA Japan 2 December 1990 -- 10 December 1990 Three women in space at the same time Millie Hughes - Fulford, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon STS - 40 USA 5 June 1991 -- 14 June 1991 Three - person spacewalk Pierre J. Thuot Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers STS - 49 USA 13 May 1992 13 people in space at the same time ( no docking ) Shuttle : Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise -- USA Mir : Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov -- Russia Soyuz / Mir : Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov -- Russia Norman E. Thagard -- USA STS - 67, Mir, Soyuz TM - 20, Soyuz TM - 21 USA Russia 14 March 1995 -- 18 March 1995 Ten people in a single spacecraft ( docking ) Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard -- USA Anatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov -- Russia STS - 71, Mir, Soyuz TM - 21 USA Russia 29 June 1995 -- 4 July 1995 Space tourist Dennis Tito Soyuz TM - 32 / 31, ISS EP - 1 USA Russia April 28, 2001 -- May 6, 2001 Person to complete seven trips to space Jerry L. Ross STS - 61B STS - 27 STS - 37 STS - 55 STS - 74 STS - 88 STS - 110 USA 19 April 2002 Privately funded human space flight ( suborbital ) Mike Melvill SpaceShipOne flight 15P USA 21 June 2004 13 people in a single spacecraft ( docking ) Michael Barratt, Mark L. Polansky, Douglas G. Hurley, Christopher J. Cassidy, Thomas H. Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra -- USA Gennady Padalka, Roman Romanenko -- Russia Robert Thirsk, Julie Payette -- Canada Frank De Winne -- Belgium ( European Space Agency ) Koichi Wakata -- Japan ISS, Soyuz TMA - 14, Soyuz TMA - 15, STS - 127 USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan 17 July 2009 Four women in space at the same time Shuttle : Dorothy Metcalf - Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson -- USA Naoko Yamazaki -- Japan ISS : Tracy Caldwell Dyson -- USA STS - 131 ISS Expedition 23 USA Japan 5 April 2010 -- 20 April 2010 Six spacecraft docked to a space station ISS : Expedition 56 Dragon - 15, Cygnus - 9, Soyuz MS - 08, Soyuz MS - 09, Progress MS - 08, Progress MS - 09 USA Russia 9 July 2018 Most spaceflights This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2015 ) 7 spaceflights Jerry L. Ross -- USA Franklin Chang Díaz -- Costa Rica / USA * 6 spaceflights John W. Young -- USA ( While Young has made six spaceflights, he was launched into orbit seven times if his moon ascent on Apollo 16 is counted. ) Story Musgrave -- USA Curtis Brown -- USA James Wetherbee -- USA Michael Foale -- United Kingdom / USA dual citizen Sergei Krikalev -- Russia Yuri Malenchenko -- Russia Duration records Total human spaceflight time by country Total Human Spaceflight statistics by nation Nation Total persons Total person flights Total in orbit ( @ update ) Total person days % of Total person days TOTAL 555 1256 5 52277.24 - Russia Soviet Union 123 269 27362.50 0.523411460183909 United States 340 851 19896.16 0.380589416180118 ESA Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 39 64 2811.46 0.0537797964284154 Japan 12 20 - 1354.76 0.0259148940830875 Italy 7 12 - 765.92 0.0146511216153084 Germany 11 16 698.67 0.01336479185999 France 10 18 - 628.92 0.0120305710661625 Canada 9 17 - 506.14 0.00968191494068292 Netherlands - 210.69 0.00403024901181394 Belgium - 207.65 0.00397218517920473 United Kingdom - 193.81 0.00370731792722691 China 11 14 - 165.35 0.0031629844408788 Switzerland - 42.50 0.000813013211434796 Sweden - 26.73 0.000511389467846435 Spain - 18.78 0.000359275775966301 Israel - 15.93 0.000304732171140536 Ukraine - 15.69 0.000300135949204415 Bulgaria - 11.80 0.000225693094493361 Malaysia - 10.88 0.000208198226603558 South Korea - 10.88 0.000208198226603558 South Africa - 9.89 0.000189228848208236 Brazil - 9.89 0.000189122577180811 Denmark - 9.84 0.000188285692839841 Kazakhstan - 9.84 0.000188285692839841 Afghanistan - 8.85 0.000169316314444519 Syria - 7.96 0.000152286382299699 Czechoslovakia - 7.93 0.000151648756135151 Austria - 7.93 0.000151595620621438 Poland - 7.92 0.000151462781837157 Slovakia - 7.91 0.000151383078566589 India - 7.90 0.000151170536511739 Hungary - 7.86 0.000150439923198194 Cuba - 7.86 0.000150413355441338 Mongolia - 7.86 0.00015040007156291 Vietnam - 7.86 0.00015040007156291 Romania - 7.86 0.000150386787684482 Saudi Arabia - 7.07 0.000135203314641167 Mexico - 6.88 0.000131563531951869 Astronauts currently in space : Serena Maria Auñón - Chancellor Oleg Germanovich Artemyev Sergei Valerievich Prokopyev Alexander Gerst Richard Robert II `` Ricky '' Arnold Andrew Jay `` Drew '' Feustel Crew Vehicles currently in space : Soyuz MS - 09 Soyuz MS - 08 Table data accurate as of 2018 - 07 - 16 04 : 05 UTC * includes those in orbit at time table was updated + TOTAL person days in orbit will not match the sum of the totals for individual nations as some individuals are dual citizens ( based solely on those identified as such by spacefacts.de - see table references ). Most time in space Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, who has spent 879 days in space over five missions, became the record holder for the most time spent in space when he surpassed, on 28 June 2015, the record of cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes ( about 2.2 years ) in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and the International Space Station. Yuri Malenchenko is currently in second place, having spent 828 days in space on six spaceflights. The following is a list of the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space, as of 4 June 2018. Travelers currently in space are ranked by total time in space of their completed missions only. Color key : Currently in space Active Retired Deceased Rank Person Days Flights Status Nationality Gennady Padalka 878.480 5 Retired Russia Yuri Malenchenko 827.389 6 Retired Russia Sergei Krikalev 803.371 6 Retired Soviet Union / Russia Alexandr Kaleri 769.276 5 Active Russia 5 Sergei Avdeyev 747.593 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 6 Valeriy Polyakov 678.690 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 7 Fyodor Yurchikhin 672.860 5 Active Russia 8 Peggy A. Whitson 665.932 Retired United States 9 Anatoly Solovyev 651.117 5 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 10 Viktor Afanasyev 555.772 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 11 Yury Usachev 552.773 Retired Russia 12 Sergey Volkov 547.931 Retired Russia 13 Pavel Vinogradov 546.939 Active Russia 14 Musa Manarov 541.021 Retired Soviet Union ( Azerbaijan ) 15 Jeffrey Williams 534.116 Active United States 16 Anton Shkaplerov 533.230 Active Russia 17 Oleg Kononenko 533.000 Active Russia 18 Mikhail Tyurin 532.118 Active Russia 19 Oleg Kotov 526.211 Retired Russia 20 Scott Kelly 520.440 Retired United States 21 Mikhail Borisovich Korniyenko 516.417 Active Russia 22 Alexander Viktorenko 489.066 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 23 Nikolai Budarin 444.060 Retired Russia 24 Yuri Romanenko 430.765 Retired Soviet Union 25 Alexander Volkov 391.495 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 26 Yuri I. Onufrienko 389.282 Retired Russia 27 Vladimir G. Titov 387.036 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 28 Vasili Tsibliyev 381.662 Retired Russia 29 Valery G. Korzun 381.653 Retired Russia 30 Michael Fincke 381.633 Active United States 31 Leonid Kizim 374.749 Deceased Soviet Union 32 Michael Foale 373.763 6 Retired United States / United Kingdom 33 Aleksandr Serebrov 372.954 Deceased Soviet Union / Russia 34 Valeri Ryumin 371.725 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 35 Donald Pettit 369.696 Active United States 36 Vladimir Solovyov 361.952 Retired Soviet Union 37 Thomas Reiter 350.239 Retired Germany 38 Koichi Wakata 347.356 Active Japan 39 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Skvortsov 345.267 Active Russia 40 Talgat Musabayev 341.408 Retired Russia 41 Oleg Novitskiy 340.419 Active Russia 42 Andrei Borisenko 337.377 Active Russia 43 Maksim Surayev 334.508 Retired Russia 44 Alexander Misurkin 334.468 Active Russia 45 Roman Romanenko 333.459 Retired Russia 46 Vladimir Lyakhov 333.324 Deceased Soviet Union 47 Oleg Skripochka 331.521 Active Russia 48 Aleksandr Samokutyayev 331.474 Retired Russia 49 Yuri P. Gidzenko 329.950 Retired Russia 50 Sunita Williams 321.719 Active United States Ten longest human spaceflights Further information : Timeline of longest spaceflights # Time in space Crew Country Launch date ( Launch craft ) Landing date ( Landing craft ) Space station or mission type 437.7 days Valeri Polyakov Russia 1994 - 01 - 08 ( Soyuz TM - 18 ) 1995 - 03 - 22 ( Soyuz TM - 20 ) Mir 379.6 days Sergei Avdeyev Russia 1998 - 08 - 13 ( Soyuz TM - 28 ) 1999 - 08 - 28 ( Soyuz TM - 29 ) Mir 365.0 days Vladimir Titov Musa Manarov Soviet Union 1987 - 12 - 21 ( Soyuz TM - 4 ) 1988 - 12 - 21 ( Soyuz TM - 6 ) Mir 340.4 days Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly Russia United States 2015 - 03 - 27 ( Soyuz TMA - 16M ) 2016 - 03 - 01 ( Soyuz TMA - 18M ) International Space Station, ISS year long mission 5 326.5 days Yury Romanenko Soviet Union 1987 - 02 - 05 ( Soyuz TM - 2 ) 1987 - 12 - 29 ( Soyuz TM - 3 ) Mir 6 311.8 days Sergei Krikalev Soviet Union / Russia 1991 - 05 - 18 ( Soyuz TM - 12 ) 1992 - 03 - 25 ( Soyuz TM - 13 ) Mir 7 289.2 days Peggy Whitson United States 2016 - 11 - 17 ( Soyuz MS - 03 ) 2017 - 09 - 03 ( Soyuz MS - 04 ) International Space Station 8 240.9 days Valeri Polyakov Soviet Union 1988 - 08 - 29 ( Soyuz TM - 6 ) 1989 - 04 - 7 ( Soyuz TM - 7 ) Mir 9 237.0 days Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov Soviet Union 1984 - 02 - 08 ( Soyuz T - 10 ) 1984 - 10 - 02 ( Soyuz T - 11 ) Salyut 7 10 215.4 days Mikhail Tyurin Michael López - Alegría Russia United States 2006 - 09 - 18 ( Soyuz TMA - 9 ) 2007 - 04 - 21 ( Soyuz TMA - 9 ) International Space Station Longest single flight by a woman NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman when she surpassed Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti 's 199 days, 16 hours during Expedition 52 in 2017. She returned to Earth in September 2017, having spent 289 days, 5 hours and 1 minute in space. In third place is American astronaut Sunita Williams with 195 days on the ISS, where she was a member of Expedition 14 / Expedition 15 ( 2006 -- 2007 ). Longest continuous occupation of space An international partnership consisting of Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000, when Soyuz TM - 31 was launched. Two days later it docked with the International Space Station. Since then space has been continuously occupied for 17 years, 258 days. Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft The International Space Station has been continuously occupied since 2 November 2000 ( 17 years, 256 days ). It broke the record of 9 years and 358 days of the Soviet / Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010. Longest solo flight Valery Bykovsky flew solo for 4 days, 23 hours in Vostok 5 from 14 to 19 June 1963. The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the ( non-solo ) Gemini 5 flight. The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight, and during the Apollo 16 mission, T.K. Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours. Longest time on the lunar surface Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes and 40 seconds ( over 3 days ) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972. They performed three EVAs ( extra-vehicular activity ) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes, 57 seconds ( as commanders were always the first one out of the LM and the last to get back in, Cernan 's EVA time was slightly longer ). Longest time in lunar orbit Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours ( 148 hours ) ; however, for the solo portion of that flight around the Moon, T.K. Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans ' solo duration. Speed and altitude records Farthest humans from Earth The Apollo 13 crew ( Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert ), while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km ( 158 mi ) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km ( 248,655 mi ) from Earth. This record - breaking distance was reached at 0 : 21 UTC on 15 April 1970. Highest altitude for Manned non-lunar mission = Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad, Jr. and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 September 1966, at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of 739.2 nautical miles ( 1,369.0 km ). Fastest See also : List of vehicle speed records § Spacecraft The Apollo 10 crew ( Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan ) achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans : 39,897 kilometers per hour ( 11.082 kilometers per second or 24,791 miles per hour, approximately 32 times the speed of sound and 0.0037 percent of the speed of light ). The record was set 26 May 1969. Age records John Glenn, 14 April 1998 Earliest - born to reach space ( suborbital flight ) Joe Walker ( born 20 February 1921 ), on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963. Earliest - born to reach space ( orbital flight ) Man -- Georgy Beregovoy ( born 15 April 1921 ), on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968. Woman -- Valentina Tereshkova ( born 6 March 1937 ), on Vostok 6 on 16 -- 19 June 1963. Youngest ( age during spaceflight ) Man -- Gherman Titov ( aged 25 years ), on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961. Woman -- Valentina Tereshkova ( aged 26 years ), on Vostok 6 on 16 -- 19 June 1963. Oldest ( age during spaceflight ) Man -- John Glenn ( aged 77 ), on STS - 95 on 29 October 1998. Woman -- Peggy Whitson ( aged 56 ), on Soyuz MS - 03 on 17 November 2016. She turned 57 on 9 February 2017, while still in space. Spacewalk records See also : List of cumulative spacewalk records Most spacewalks Man -- Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for a total time of 82 hours, 21 minutes ( which is also the duration record ). Woman -- Peggy Whitson, 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes. Most spacewalks during a single mission 7 : Anatoly Solovyev, during the 24th Expedition on the Soviet / Russian space station Mir, in 1997 -- 98. ( Two were internal `` spacewalks '' inside a depressurized module. ) 6 : Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov, the third crew on the Soviet space station Salyut 7. Animal records Further information : Animals in space First living organisms in space The first living organisms of any kind to enter space were fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V - 2 rocket to an altitude of 68 miles ( 109 km ). They were also the first animals to safely return from space. First animal in orbit Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 November 1957 on Sputnik 2. The technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, so there was no expectation for survival. She died several hours into flight. Belka and Strelka became the first canines to safely return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960. Longest canine single flight Soviet space dogs Veterok ( Ветерок, `` Light Wind '' ) and Ugolyok ( Уголёк, `` Ember '' ) were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March. First animals beyond low - Earth orbit An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises, as well as wine flies and mealworms launched with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Soviet Zond 5 spacecraft on 15 September 1968. It was launched by a Proton - K rocket. The capsule came within 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) of the Moon and later successfully returned to Earth, the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the Moon. Notable unmanned spaceflights Further information : List of unmanned spacecraft by program In reference to : Spacecraft Event Origin Date Earth MW 18014 ( A-4 ( V - 2 ) ) First rocket to reach space ( suborbital flight ). Germany 20 June 1944 Earth V - 2 No. 20 First living organisms ( fruit flies ) in space ( suborbital flight ). Successfully recovered. USA 20 February 1947 Earth R - 1V First mammals ( dogs ) in space ( suborbital flight ). Successfully recovered. USSR 22 July 1951 Earth Sputnik 1 First satellite in orbit. USSR 4 October 1957 Earth Sputnik 2 First animal in orbit, Laika the dog. USSR 3 November 1957 Earth Vanguard 1 Oldest satellite still in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage. Expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964. USA 17 March 1958 Earth Pioneer 1 Failed to reach the moon as intended, but reached a record -- setting distance of 113,800 kilometres ( 70,700 mi ) from Earth. USA 11 October 1958 Earth Jupiter AM - 13 First monkey in space, Gordo, a squirrel monkey. USA 13 December 1958 Earth Luna 1 First spacecraft to achieve Earth 's escape velocity. USSR 4 January 1959 Moon Luna 1 First flyby. Distance of 5,995 kilometres ( 3,725 mi ). USSR 4 January 1959 Sun Luna 1 First spacecraft in heliocentric orbit. USSR 4 January 1959 Moon Luna 2 First impact. USSR 14 September 1959 Moon Luna 3 First image of lunar far - side. USSR 7 October 1959 Earth Discoverer 13 First satellite recovered from orbit. USA 11 August 1960 Earth Korabl - Sputnik 2 First living beings recovered from orbit. USSR 19 August 1960 Venus Venera 1 First flyby. Distance of 100,000 kilometres ( 62,000 mi ) ( lost communication contact before ). USSR 19 May 1961 Moon Ranger 4 First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. USA 26 April 1962 Earth Alouette 1 First satellite designed and constructed by a country other than the USA or USSR ( the British satellite Ariel 1, launched five months earlier, was designed and constructed by the USA ). Canada 29 September 1962 Venus Mariner 2 First planetary flyby. Distance of 34,762 kilometres ( 21,600 mi ) ( with communication contact ). USA 14 December 1962 Earth Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 Oldest spacecraft still in use ( 50 years as of 2015 ). USA 6 May 1965 Mars Mariner 4 First flyby and first planetary imaging. Distance of 9,846 kilometres ( 6,118 mi ). USA 14 July 1965 Earth Astérix First satellite launched independently by a nation other than the USA or USSR ( other nations had previously flown satellites launched on American rockets ). France 26 November 1965 Moon Luna 9 First soft landing and first pictures from the lunar surface. USSR 3 February 1966 Venus Venera 3 First impact. USSR 1 March 1966 Moon Luna 10 First orbiter. USSR 3 April 1966 Docking Cosmos 186, Cosmos 188 First automated docking of unmanned spacecraft. USSR 30 October 1967 Moon Zond 5 First to circle the Moon and return to land on Earth. First animals to circle the Moon. USSR 15 September 1968 Moon Luna 16 First automated sample return. USSR 24 September 1970 Moon Luna 17 First automated roving vehicle, Lunokhod 1. USSR 17 November 1970 Venus Venera 7 First soft landing. USSR 15 December 1970 Mars Mariner 9 First orbiter. USA 14 November 1971 Mars Mars 2 First impact. USSR 27 November 1971 Mars Mars 3 First soft landing. Maintained telemetry signal for 20 seconds before transmissions ceased. USSR 2 December 1971 Sun Pioneer 10 First spacecraft to achieve the Sun 's escape velocity. USA 3 March 1972 Jupiter Pioneer 10 First flyby. Distance of 132,000 kilometres ( 82,000 mi ). USA 4 December 1973 Mercury Mariner 10 First flyby. Distance of 703 kilometres ( 437 mi ). USA 29 March 1974 Venus Venera 9 First orbiter. First surface - level imaging of another planet. USSR 22 October 1975 Sun Helios 2 Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the Sun : 252,792 kilometres per hour ( 157,078 mph ). Closest ever approach to the Sun. Distance of 0.29 AU ( 43,000,000 kilometres ( 27,000,000 mi ) ), slightly inside the orbit of Mercury. Record still unbeaten as of November 2009, but expected to be beaten by the future Solar Orbiter probe ( 0.23 AU / 33 million km ). West Germany USA 17 April 1976 Mars Viking 1 First surface - level imaging of Mars. USA 20 July 1976 Saturn Pioneer 11 First flyby. Distance of 21,000 kilometres ( 13,000 mi ). USA 1 September 1979 Venus Venera 13 First sound recording made on another planet. USSR 1 March 1982 Trans - Neptunian region Pioneer 10 First to travel past the orbit of Neptune, the furthest major planet from the Sun. USA 13 June 1983 Venus Vega 1 First helium balloon atmospheric probe. USSR 11 June 1985 Comet Giacobini - Zinner International Cometary Explorer ( ICE ) First flyby through a comet tail ( no pictures ). Distance of 7,800 kilometres ( 4,800 mi ). USA 11 September 1985 Uranus Voyager 2 First flyby. Distance of 81,500 kilometres ( 50,600 mi ). USA 24 January 1986 Comet Halley Vega 1 First comet flyby ( with pictures returned ). Distance of 8,890 kilometres ( 5,520 mi ). USSR 6 March 1986 Orbital Spaceplane Buran First fully automated orbital flight of a spaceplane ( with airstrip landing ). USSR 15 November 1988 Phobos Phobos 2 First flyby. Distance of 860 kilometres ( 530 mi ). USSR 21 February 1989 Neptune Voyager 2 First flyby. Distance of 40,000 kilometres ( 25,000 mi ). USA 25 August 1989 951 Gaspra Galileo First asteroid flyby. Distance of 1,600 kilometres ( 990 mi ). USA 29 October 1991 Jupiter Galileo probe First impact. USA 7 December 1995 Jupiter Galileo First orbiter. USA 8 December 1995 Mars Mars Pathfinder First automated roving vehicle, Sojourner. USA 4 July 1997 433 Eros NEAR Shoemaker First asteroid orbiter. USA 14 February 2000 433 Eros NEAR Shoemaker First asteroid soft landing. USA 12 February 2001 Saturn Cassini orbiter First orbiter. ESA USA 1 July 2004 Solar wind Genesis First sample return from farther than the Moon. USA 8 September 2004 Titan Huygens probe First soft landing. ESA USA 14 January 2005 Comet Tempel 1 Deep Impact First comet impact. USA 4 July 2005 25143 Itokawa Hayabusa First asteroid ascent. First interplanetary escape without undercarriage cutoff. Japan 19 November 2005 81P / Wild Stardust First sample return from comet. USA 15 January 2006 Earth Voyager 1 Farthest distance from Earth. Farthest distance from the Sun ( 20.479 billion km ). USA As of November 2016 Longest time in operation Voyager 2 Longest continually operating space probe ( since August 1977 ). USA As of 2015 Earth to Venus trajectory IKAROS First interplanetary solar sail. Japan Set sail on 10 June 2010 25143 Itokawa Hayabusa First sample return from an asteroid. Japan 13 June 2010 Mercury MESSENGER First orbiter. USA 17 March 2011 Earth -- Sun L2 Lagrangian point Chang'e 2 First object to reach the L2 Lagrangian point directly from lunar orbit. China 25 August 2011 International Space Station SpaceX Dragon First commercial spacecraft to berth with the International Space Station. SpaceX 25 May 2012 Interstellar medium Voyager 1 First spacecraft to cross the heliopause, thereby exiting the heliosphere and entering interstellar space. USA 25 August 2012 4179 Toutatis Chang'e 2 First object to reach an asteroid directly from a Sun - Earth Langrangian point. First probe to explore both the Moon and an asteroid. China 13 December 2012 67P / Churyumov -- Gerasimenko Rosetta First comet orbiter. ESA 6 August 2014 67P / Churyumov -- Gerasimenko Philae First comet soft landing. ESA 12 November 2014 Ceres Dawn First dwarf planet orbiter. USA 6 March 2015 Mars Opportunity Longest distance traveled on surface of another world ( 26.219 miles ( 42.195 km ), marathon - length ). USA 23 March 2015 ( ongoing ) Mercury MESSENGER First impact. USA 30 April 2015 Pluto New Horizons First flyby of Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx. First up - close images of the Pluto system and of Pluto and Charon 's surfaces. First to explore the Kuiper belt. USA 14 July 2015 All 9 planets in the pre-IAU redefinition version of the Solar System All United States spacecrafts including New Horizons With the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, the United States is the first nation to have its space probes explore all 9 planets in the pre-2006 IAU redefinition version of the Solar System. USA 14 July 2015 Earth Juno Fastest man - made object relative to Earth ( c. 265,000 kilometres per hour ( 165,000 mph ) ). USA 4 July 2016 Earth Falcon 9 First re-flight of orbital class rocket. SpaceX 30 March 2017 Earth Falcon 9 H - IIA - 202 Shortest period between orbital launches ( launched 72 seconds apart ). SpaceX Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 23 December 2017 See also Spaceflight portal List of crewed spacecraft List of cumulative spacewalk records List of International Space Station spacewalks List of Mir spacewalks List of spacewalkers List of spacewalks 2000 -- 2014 List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965 -- 1999 List of spacewalks since 2015 Manned Maneuvering Unit Omega Speedmaster Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue Space suit Suitport References ^ Jump up to : Gebhardt, Chris ( 12 April 2011 ). `` Anniversaries : 50 years of human spaceflight -- 30 years for Shuttle ''. NASASpaceFlight ( not affiliated with NASA ). Retrieved 22 June 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Mercury - Redstone 3 ( Freedom 7 ) ''. NASA. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Mercury - Atlas 6 ( Friendship 7 ) ''. NASA. 20 November 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Making History : China 's First Human Spaceflight ''. Space.com. 28 September 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` MAJOR SPACE `` FIRSTS ' - AN AMERICAN ASSESSMENT '' ( PDF ). Flight. 91 ( 3028 ) : 459. 1967 - 03 - 23. Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 15. ^ Jump up to : Pearlman, Robert ( 17 June 2010 ). `` Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies ''. Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015. ^ Jump up to : Wall, Mike ( 11 March 2015 ). `` The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records ''. Space.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015. Jump up ^ `` Astronaut Biography ''. NASA. ^ Jump up to : NASA ( 2005 ). `` Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev Biography ''. NASA. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 04. Jump up ^ `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts flown in space ( in alphabetical order ) ''. spacefacts.de. The alphabetical list of astronauts provides the `` Total Persons '' `` Total Person Flights '' as well as the `` Total person days '', excepting the time of astronauts currently in orbit Jump up ^ `` Manned spaceflights ''. spacefacts.de. The flight list allows is searched to determine which flight is in orbit, and when it reached orbit. This allows determination of `` Total in orbit ( @ update ) and update the `` Total person days '' accordingly. Jump up ^ NASA ( 2005 ). `` Krikalev Sets Time - in - Space Record ''. NASA. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 04. Jump up ^ Thompson, Curtiss ( 29 June 2015 ). `` Russian Cosmonaut Sets Record For Most Time Spent In Space ''. Penny4NASA. Retrieved 1 July 2015. Jump up ^ Russian astronaut record - breaker Padalka returns to Earth, BBC News, 12 September 2015 Jump up ^ `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts ( sorted by `` Time in Space '' ) ``. spacefacts.de. The current missions are listed but not included in day count. Jump up ^ Northon, Karen ( 2016 - 03 - 11 ). `` Astronaut Scott Kelly to Retire from NASA in April ''. NASA. Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 01. Jump up ^ Michael Foale holds dual U.S. / British citizenship. ^ Jump up to : Schwirtz, Michael ( 2009 - 03 - 30 ). `` Staying Put on Earth, Taking a Step to Mars ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 15. ^ Jump up to : Pearlman, Robert ( 26 March 2015 ). `` One Year in Space : A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth ''. Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015. ^ Jump up to : Carroll, Michael ( 2015 ). Living Among Giants : Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System. Springer. p. 195. ISBN 3319106732. ^ Jump up to : Leary, Warren ( 4 Feb 1994 ). `` Man in the News : Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev ; Symbol of New Cooperation ''. Cape Canaveral : New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Soyuz MS - 04 lands as Peggy Whitson ends record - breaking mission ''. NASASpaceflight. 2 Sep 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017. ^ Jump up to : Dunn, Marcia ( 28 Dec 1997 ). `` Mischief a Specialty for Mir 's Doctor in Residence ''. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 April 2015. ^ Jump up to : Wenz, John ( 27 March 2015 ). `` 5 Things You Must Know About Scott Kelly 's Year in Space ''. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 13 April 2015. Jump up ^ ( ( cite web url = http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/whitson_peggy.htm%7Ctitle=Peggy Whitson Astronaut Biography publisher = Space Facts Jump up ^ American Astronaut Peggy Whitson Sets Record for Women in Space, James Rogers, Fox News Channel, Apr 24 2017 Jump up ^ Tariq Malik ( 2007 ). `` Orbital Champ : ISS Astronaut Sets New U.S. Spacewalk Record ''. Space.com. Jump up ^ `` Astronaut Bio : Sunita Williams ( 5 / 2008 ) ''. NASA Logo National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 07. ^ Jump up to : `` 10 Years and Counting ''. NASA. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2015. Jump up ^ `` Astronautic World Records : Spacecraft with one astronaut -- General category ''. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2015 - 09 - 24. This only counts the duration of solo flight within a mission, so a longer mission with solo flight, such as Apollo 17 at 12d + 13h duration is surpassed because the solo undocked duration was only 3d + 7h. ) ^ Jump up to : `` Mission Report : Apollo 17 -- The Most Productive Lunar Expedition '' ( PDF ). NASA. Retrieved 21 June 2015. Jump up ^ `` Ronal Evans Biographical Data ''. NASA. April 1990. Retrieved 21 June 2015. longest time in lunar orbit, 147 hours, 48 minutes ^ Jump up to : `` Apollo 13 The Seventh Mission : The Third Lunar Landing Attempt 11 April -- 17 April 1970 ''. NASA. Retrieved 7 November 2015. Jump up ^ Dumoulin, Jim ( August 25, 2000 ), NASA Project Gemini - XI, retrieved April 12, 2010 Jump up ^ News, ABC. `` ABC News ''. Jump up ^ `` GCTC, Biographies of Cosmonauts : Solovyev, Anatoly Yakovlevich ''. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre. Archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 20. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 31. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ Spacewalking astronauts pull off urgent station repairs, May 23, 2017 Jump up ^ `` ISS astronauts complete 200th station EVA for maintenance tasks ''. NASASpaceflight.com. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017. Jump up ^ Spacefacts ( 2017 ). `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts with EVA Experience ( sorted by `` EVA Time '' ) ``. Spacefacts. Retrieved May 13, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Tate, Karl. `` Cosmic Menagerie : A History of Animals in Space ( Infographic ) '' ( infographic ). Space.com. Retrieved June 28, 2014. Jump up ^ `` R - 1V ''. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014. Jump up ^ Asif A. Siddiqi. `` Challenge to Apollo '' ( PDF ). NASA. ; see page. 253 Jump up ^ Williamson, Mark ( 1998 ). `` Protecting the space environment : Are we doing enough ? ''. Space Policy. 14 ( 1 ) : 5 -- 8. doi : 10.1016 / S0265 - 9646 ( 97 ) 00038 - 6. Jump up ^ `` Alouette I and II ''. Canadian Space Agency. Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` Where are the Voyagers ? ''. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 27. Because Earth moves around the sun faster than Voyager 1 is traveling from Earth, the distance between Earth and the spacecraft actually decreases at certain times of the year. Jump up ^ `` Ching'e 2 to reaches liberation point 2 ''. 2011 - 08 - 27. Jump up ^ `` China 's space probe flies by asteroid Toutatis ''. Chinadaily. com. cn. 16 December 2012. Jump up ^ esa. `` Rosetta arrives at comet destination ''. Jump up ^ `` Philae probe makes historic comet landing ''. 12 November 2014 -- via www.bbc.com. Jump up ^ CNN, Amanda Barnett. `` NASA 's Dawn spacecraft begins orbiting Ceres ''. Jump up ^ CNN, Euan McKirdy. `` Opportunity rover celebrates marathon milestone ''. Jump up ^ Corum, Jonathan ( 30 April 2015 ). `` Messenger 's Collision Course With Mercury '' -- via NYTimes.com. Jump up ^ `` Fastest - Ever Spacecraft to Arrive at Jupiter Tonight ''. Jump up ^ `` Used SpaceX Rocket Launches Satellite, Then Lands in Historic 1st Reflight ''. Jump up ^ `` TMRO : Space - Looking forward to 2018 - Orbit 11.01 ''. External links Russia 's unmanned moon missions Extremes of motion Speed Wave ( Light Sound ) Vehicle Spacecraft Aircraft propeller - based transcontinental FAI records Water - borne vehicle sailing underwater transatlantic Land vehicle ( rocket - based wheel - driven production car ( by speed / by acceleration ) railed motorcycle production motorcycle ( by speed / by acceleration ) British Distance Space ( furthest spacecraft furthest landing on another world furthest travels on another world furthest humans closest spacecraft to the Sun ) Aircraft ( furthest flight highest altitude FAI records ) Deepest Earth ocean dive Endurance Space ( most enduring spaceflight most endurance on another world most time as a person in space most enduring population of a spacecraft ) Aircraft See also Spaceflight records Spaceflight General Astrodynamics History Timeline Space Race Asian Space Race Records Accidents and incidents Space policy China European Union India Japan Russia Soviet Union United States Space law Outer Space Treaty Rescue Agreement Space Liability Convention Registration Convention Moon Treaty Private spaceflight Applications Astronomy Earth observation Archaeology Imagery and mapping Reconnaissance Weather and environment monitoring Satellite communications Internet Radio Telephone Television Satellite navigation Commercial use of space Space launch market competition Militarisation of space Space architecture Space exploration Space research Space technology Space weather Human spaceflight General Astronaut Life support system Animals in space Bioastronautics Space suit Extravehicular activity Weightlessness Space toilet Space tourism Space colonization Programs Vostok Mercury Voskhod Gemini Soyuz Apollo Skylab Apollo -- Soyuz Space Shuttle Mir Shuttle -- Mir International Space Station Shenzhou Tiangong Health issues Effect of spaceflight on the human body Space adaptation syndrome Health threat from cosmic rays Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight Space and survival Space medicine Space nursing Spacecraft Launch vehicle Rocket Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Lander Rover Self - 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Question: who is the woman astronaut who holds the world record of staying in the space for the longest time
Answer: Peggy Whitson