Mamluk dynasty ( Delhi ) - wikipedia Mamluk dynasty ( Delhi ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2012 ) Mamluk Dynasty 1206 -- 1290 The Delhi Mamluk Dynasty Capital Delhi Languages Persian ( official ) Religion Sunni Islam Government Sultanate Sultan 1206 -- 1210 Qutb ud - Din Aibak 1287 -- 1290 Muiz ud din Qaiqabad History Established 1206 Disestablished 1290 Preceded by Succeeded by Chauhan Tomara dynasty Ghurid Sultanate Sena Empire Khalji dynasty Today part of India History of the Turkic peoples Pre-14th century Turkic Khaganate 552 -- 744 Western Turkic Eastern Turkic Khazar Khaganate 618 -- 1048 Xueyantuo 628 -- 646 Great Bulgaria 632 -- 668 Danube Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria Kangar union 659 -- 750 Turk Shahi 665 -- 850 Turgesh Khaganate 699 -- 766 Uyghur Khaganate 744 -- 840 Karluk Yabgu State 756 -- 940 Kara - Khanid Khanate 840 -- 1212 Western Kara - Khanid Eastern Kara - Khanid Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom 848 -- 1036 Qocho 856 -- 1335 Pecheneg Khanates 860 -- 1091 Kimek confederation 743 -- 1035 Cumania 1067 -- 1239 Oghuz Yabgu State 750 -- 1055 Ghaznavid Empire 963 -- 1186 Seljuk Empire 1037 -- 1194 Sultanate of Rum Kerait khanate 11th century -- 13th century Khwarazmian Empire 1077 -- 1231 Naiman Khanate -- 1204 Qarlughid Kingdom 1224 -- 1266 Delhi Sultanate 1206 -- 1526 Mamluk dynasty Khalji dynasty Tughlaq dynasty Golden Horde 1240s -- 1502 Mamluk Sultanate ( Cairo ) 1250 -- 1517 Bahri dynasty Ottoman Empire 1299 -- 1923 Other Turkic dynasties in Anatolia Artuqid dynasty Saltuqid dynasty in Azerbaijan Ahmadili dynasty Ildenizid dynasty in Egypt Tulunid dynasty Ikhshidid dynasty in Fars Salghurid dynasty in The Levant Burid dynasty Zengid dynasty This box : view talk edit The Mamluk Dynasty ( sometimes referred as Slave Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty ) ( Persian : سلطنت مملوک ‎ ), ( Urdu : غلام خاندان ‎ ) was directed into Northern India by Qutb ud - Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia. The Mamluk Dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290 ; it was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule as the Delhi Sultanate till 1526. Aibak 's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led invasions into the Gangetic heartland of India and established control over some of the new areas. Contents 1 History 2 Sultans 3 Architecture 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links History The Mamluk, literally meaning owned, was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. The phenomenon started in the 9th century and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India. In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of the Ghurid Empire was assassinated. Since he had no children, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former mamluk generals. Taj - ud - Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni. Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal. Nasir - ud - Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. Qutb ud - Din Aibak became the sultan of Delhi, and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty. Aibak rose to power when a Ghorid superior was assassinated. However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short lived as he died in 1210 and his son Aram Shah rose to the throne, only to be assassinated by Iltutmish in 1211. The Sultanate under Iltutmish established cordial diplomatic contact with the Abbasid Caliphate between 1228 -- 29 and had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of Genghis Khan and his successors. Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236 a series of weak rulers remained in power and a number of the noblemen gained autonomy over the provinces of the Sultanate. Power shifted hands from Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud din Balban rose to the throne and successfully repelled both external threats to the Sultanate from the Chagatai Khanate invasions and internal threats from the rebellious sultanate nobles. The Khalji dynasty came into being when Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers, Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, the grandson of Balban, and assumed the throne at Delhi. Sultans This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014 ) The Qutb Minar, an example of the Mamluk dynasty 's works. The first Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty was Qutb ud - Din Aibak ( قطب الدین ایبک ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan ( سلطان ‬ ) and reigned from 1206 to 1210. He temporarily quelled the rebellions of Nasir - ud - Din Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin Yildoz of Ghazni. Making Lahore his capital, he consolidated his control over North India through an administrative hold over Delhi. He also initiated the construction of Delhi 's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat - ul - Islam mosque and the Qutb Minar. In 1210, he died due to injuries received from an accident while playing a game of polo in Lahore ; his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the Anarkali Bazaar in Lahore. The second Sultan was Aram Shah ( آرام شاہ ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1210 to 1211. An elite group of forty nobles named Chihalgani ( `` the Forty '' ) conspired against Aram Shah and invited Shams - ud - din Iltutmish, then Governor of Badaun, to replace Aram. Iltutmish defeated Aram in the plain of Jud near Delhi in 1211. It is not quite certain what became of Aram. The third Sultan was Shams - ud - din Iltutmish ( شمس الدین التتمش ‬ ), who had the titular name of Nasir Amir - ul - Mu'minin ( ناصرامیر المؤمنین ‬ ) and reigned from 1211 to 1236. He shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi and trebled the exchequer. He defeated Nasir - ud - Din Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin Yildoz of Ghazni, who had declared themselves contenders of Delhi. Mongols invaded India in pursuit of Jalal - ud - din Mangabarni who was defeated at the Battle of Indus by Genghis Khan in 1221. After Genghis Khan 's death, Iltutmish consolidated his hold on northern India by retaking many of the lost territories. In 1230, he built the Hauz - i - Shamsi reservoir in Mehrauli, and in 1231 he built Sultan Ghari, which was the first Islamic mausoleum in Delhi. The fourth Sultan was Rukn - ud - din Feroze ( رکن الدین فیروز ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from April 1236 to November 1236. He ruled for only seven months and his mother, Shah Turkan, for all practical purposes was running the government. He abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry. On November 9, 1236, both Rukn - ud - din Feroze and his mother Shah Turkan were assassinated by the Chihalgani. The fifth Sultana was Razia al - Din ( رضیہ الدین ‬ ), who had the titular name of Jalâlat - ud - dîn Raziyâ Sultana ( جلالۃ الدین رضیہ سلطانہ ‬ ) and reigned from 1236 to 1240. As the first female Muslim ruler in Inda, she initial managed to impress the nobles and administratively handled the Sultanate well. However, she began associating with the African Jamal - ud - Din Yaqut, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were primarily Central Asian Turkic and already resented the rule of a female monarch. She was defeated by the powerful nobleman Malik Altunia whom she agreed to marry. Her half - brother Muiz - ud - din Bahram, however, usurped the throne with the help of the Chihalgani and defeated the combined forces of the Sultana and her husband. The couple fled and reached Kaithal, where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed on October 14, 1240. The sixth Sultan was Muiz - ud - din Bahram ( معز الدین بہرام ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1240 to May 15, 1242. During his reign, the Chihalgani became disorderly and constantly bickered among each other. It was during this period of unrest that the Mongols invaded the Punjab and sacked Lahore. Muiz - ud - din Bahram was too weak to take any action against them, and the Chihalgani besiged him in the White Fort of Delhi and put him to death in 1242. The seventh Sultan was Ala - ud - din Masud ( علاءالدین مسعود ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1242 to 1246. He was effectively a puppet for the Chihalgani and did not actually have much power or influence in the government. Instead, he became infamous for his fondness of entertainment and wine. By 1246, the chiefs had become upset with Ala - ud - din Masud 's increasing hunger for more power and replaced him with his cousin Nasir - ud - din Mahmud, who was another grandson of Iltutmish. The eighth Sultan was Nasir - ud - din Mahmud ( نصیر الدین محمود ‬ ), who had the titular name of Nasir - ud - din Feroze Shah ( نصیر الدین فیروز شاہ ‬ ) and reigned from 1246 to 1266. As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be very religious, spending most of his time in prayer and was renowned for aiding the poor and the distressed. It was his Deputy Sultan, Ghiyath - ud - din Balban, who primarily dealt with state affairs. The ninth Sultan was Ghiyath - ud - din Balban ( غیاث الدین بلبن ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1266 to 1287. Balban ruled with an iron fist and broke up the Chihalgani group of noblemen. He tried to establish peace and order in India and built many outposts with garrisons of soldiers in areas where there had been disorder. Balban wanted to make sure everyone was loyal to the crown, so he established an efficient espionage system. The tenth and final Sultan was Muiz - ud - din Muhammad Qaiqabad ( معز الدین قیق آباد ‬ ), who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1287 to 1290. Being still young at the time, he ignored all state affairs. After four years, he suffered a paralytic stroke and was later murdered in 1290 by a Khalji chief. His three - year - old son Kayumars nominally succeeded him, but the Slave dynasty had ended with the rise of the Khaljis. Architecture The architectural legacy of the dynasty includes the Qutb Minar by Qutb ud - Din Aibak in Mehrauli, the Mausoleum of Prince Nasiru 'd - Din Mahmud, eldest son of Iltumish, known as Sultan Ghari near Vasant Kunj, the first Islamic Mausoleum ( tomb ) built in 1231, and Balban 's tomb, in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park. See also Tughlaq Dynasty Persianate states Notes Jump up ^ `` Arabic and Persian Epigraphical Studies - Archaeological Survey of India ''. Asi.nic.in. Retrieved 2010 - 11 - 14. Jump up ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation ( 2006 ). Peoples of Western Asia. p. 364. Jump up ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund ( 2007 ). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. p. 280. Jump up ^ Borrero, Mauricio ( 2009 ). Russia : A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. p. 162. Jump up ^ Walsh, pp. 68 - 70 ^ Jump up to : Anzalone, p. 100 Jump up ^ Sen, Sailendra ( 2013 ). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 72 -- 80. ISBN 978 - 9 - 38060 - 734 - 4. Jump up ^ George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton, Islam at War : A History, ( Praeger Publishers, 2003 ), 56. ^ Jump up to : Walsh, p. 70 Jump up ^ Anzalone, p. 101 References Anzalone, Christopher ( 2008 ). `` Delhi Sultanate ''. In Ackermann, M.E. etc. Encyclopedia of World History. 2. Facts on File. pp. 100 -- 101. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8160 - 6386 - 4. Walsh, J.E. ( 2006 ). A Brief History of India. Facts on File. ISBN 0 - 8160 - 5658 - 7. Dynastic Chart The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 368. Further reading Srivastava, A.L. ( 1967 ). The History of India, 1000 - 1707 A.D.,. Shiva Lal Agarwala. External links Encyclopædia Britannica ( Online Edition ) -- Delhi sultanate Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mamluk Sultanate ( Delhi ). Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)&oldid=831062716 '' Categories : Former countries in Asia States and territories established in 1206 States and territories disestablished in the 1290s Mamluk dynasty ( Delhi ) Delhi Sultanate Mamluks Turkic dynasties Muslim dynasties of India Empires and kingdoms of Pakistan History of Delhi 13th century in India 1290 disestablishments in Asia 1206 establishments in Asia 13th - century establishments in India 13th - century disestablishments in India Hidden categories : Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles needing additional references from March 2012 All articles needing additional references Former country articles requiring maintenance Articles containing Persian - language text Articles containing Urdu - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016 Articles needing additional references from July 2014 Unclassified articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Languages Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Català Deutsch فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Italiano עברית ქართული മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Русский سنڌي Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Українська اردو 中文 21 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 March 2018, at 14 : 52. 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Question: who is considered as founder of slave dynasty
Answer: Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia