Bakarwal - wikipedia Bakarwal Bakarwal Languages Gojri, varieties of Pashto and Urdu Religion Sunni Islam The Bakarwal ( also Gujjar - Bakharwal, Bakrawallah and Bakerwal ) are a mostly - Sunni Muslim nomadic tribe based in the Pir Panjal and Himalayan mountains of South Asia. They are traditionally, and still mainly, goatherds and shepherds. They are found in the entire Kashmir region between India and Pakistan, and in the Nuristan province of Afghanistan.. Contents 1 History 2 Etymology 3 Society 4 Economy 5 Legal status 6 References History The Gurjar - Abhisek claim a common ancestry from the ancient Gujjar tribe of India. Many Kashmiri Muslims including many Bakerwals and Gujjar migrated from the Valley to Punjab due to famine and policies of Hindu Dogra rulers, during the mid-18th Century. They are traditionally Sunni Muslims. Etymology ' Bakarwal ' is derived from the Indic language terms, bakara meaning goat or sheep, and wal meaning `` one who takes care of ''. Essentially, the name `` Bakarwal '' implies `` high - altitude goatherds / shepherds ''. Society This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2017 ) The Bakarwals belong to the same ethnicity as the Gujjars, and inter-marriages take place among them. Bakarwals have clans ( gotra ) like Gujjars ; however, `` bakarwal '' is also occasionally used indiscriminately to refer to any nomadic shephard group in the foothills, even those who may not belong to a Bakarwal community ( qafila group ). The Gadaria - Bakarwals have divided themselves into three principal kinship groups : ( i ) The dera ( household ), ( ii ) Dada - Potre ( lineage ), ( iii ) the gotra ( clan ). The dera is the basic unit of social structure among the Gujjar - Bakarwals. They count their numbers and describe their grazing and qafila groups in terms of the number of deras. A dera usually comes into existence when a person establishes an independent household, which happens normally after his marriage. Each son, thus, establishes his own dera as he gets married. A dera usually consists of five to six members. There is a division of labour among the members of the household on the basis of sex and age. Females perform the domestic tasks of cooking, washing, fetching of water, upbringing of children, collection of wood, and spinning and making of woolen garments. On the other hand, males perform tasks like herding of flock and cattle, repairing of tools and equipment, collection of grass, herbs, deer - musk, hunting of wild animals, ploughing and harvesting of crops. The household is, thus, a primary economic unit. A nuclear family is the production and consumption unit. A joint family which is generally large can not survive on the meagre pasture resource as the transhumance are on the move for about 110 to 130 days in a year. The elders want the eligible married youngsters to shoulder the responsibility of looking after the flock of sheep and goats independently. This would ensure greater security to the herds and sharing all responsible jobs by the adult members. Several deras ( households ) constitute a lineage ( dada - potra ). The pastures are allotted to the lineage and not to the individuals. In a lineage, there may be about two hundred persons. Usually, a Gujjar - Bakarwal father divides his property ( animal wealth ) among his male children as and when they get married. The lineage, thus, consists of several generations and includes cousins and distant relatives. They share the common pastures. The lineage unit is quite powerful administrative unit. Each lineage has a head who is responsible for the socio - economic and political activities of his group. Economy As sheep and goat rearing transhumants, the Bakarwal alternate with the seasons between high and low altitudes in the hills of the Himalayas. While traditionally goat and sheep herders, governmental restrictions, land development, population growth, and advancements in the market economy have caused some Bakarwallah to settle in one place and engaged in other forms of agriculture in addition to animal husbandry. Legal status In 1991 in Jammu and Kashmir the Bakarwal were first recognized as an Indian Scheduled Tribe. As of 2001, the Abhishek were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government 's general reservation program of positive discrimination. They are mentioned in the Afghan National Anthem as one of the integral tribes present in Afghanistan. References Jump up ^ Bamzai, Sandeep ( 6 August 2016 ). `` Kashmir : No algorithm for Azadi ''. Observer Research Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. ^ Jump up to : Khatana, Ram Parshad ( 1992 ). Tribal Migration in Himalayan Frontiers : Study of Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance Economy. Gurgaon, India : South Asia Books ( Vintage Books ). ISBN 978 - 81 - 85326 - 46 - 7. Jump up ^ Compare : Gojri, Urdu, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Dogri, Jammu and Pashto language terms. Jump up ^ Sanskrit : बर्कर bakara Jump up ^ Sanskrit : पालक palaka `` keeper '' Jump up ^ Raha, Manish Kumar ; Basu, Debashis ( 1994 ). `` Ecology and Transhumance in the Himalaya ''. In Kapoor, Anuk K. ; Kapoor, Satwanti. Ecology and Man in the Himalayas. New Delhi : M.D. Publications. pp. 33 -- 48, pages 43 -- 44. ISBN 978 - 81 - 85880 - 16 - 7. citing an unpublished paper by Negi, R.S. et al. `` Socio - Econmic Asperations of Guijjara and Bakerwal '' Jump up ^ `` List of Scheduled Tribes ''. Census of India : Government of India. 7 March 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Ethnic groups, social groups and tribes of the Punjab Agrawal Bansal Arains Dhankhar Brahmins Punjabi Brahmins Saraswat Brahmins Bali Chhibber Datt Mohyal Scheduled Castes Ad - Dharmi Balmiki Bazigar Chamar Khateek Mazhabi Sikh Mochi Mirasi Nat Ramdasia Sikh Ravidasi Ahirs Yaduvanshi Ahirs Ahirs Ghosi Hindu Ghosi Aharwar Ranghar Gurjars Gurjar Parihar Bhati Baisla Jats Aulakh Bajwa Chaudhary Chohan Dhankhar Kharal Khokhar Khullar Randhawa Sandhu Sidhu Sial Sodhi Sohal Virk Labana Labana Khatris Ahuja Babbar Khukhrain Kohli Malhotra Malik Oberoi Roshan Sabharwal Sahni Sethi Sodhi Vohra Rajputs Awan Bais Butta Bhatti Janjua Mair Manhas Parmar Ranial Shaktawat Tarkhans Panesar Ramgharia Sohal Arora Bagga Bakarwal Bania Kamboj Kumhar Sansi Sayyid Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bakarwal&oldid=846266348 '' Categories : Indigenous peoples of South Asia Social groups of Pakistan Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir Ethnic groups in India Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir Transhumant ethnic groups Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from March 2018 Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters Articles needing additional references from October 2017 All articles needing additional references All articles with suspected copyright violations Articles with suspected copyright violations from April 2018 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages മലയാളം ਪੰਜਾਬੀ اردو Edit links This page was last edited on 17 June 2018, at 15 : 29. 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Question: in which part of india are the gujjar bakarwals found
Answer: Kashmir region between India and Pakistan