Fast food restaurant - wikipedia Fast food restaurant A fast food restaurant in the port of Malinska, Croatia A McDonald 's restaurant in Times Square, New York City A fast food restaurant in Hong Kong A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant ( QSR ) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service. The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a `` meat - sweet diet '', offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided. Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and / or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels. The term `` fast food '' was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam -- Webster in 1951. Arguably, the first fast food restaurants originated in the United States with A&W in 1919 and White Castle in 1921. Today, American - founded fast food chains such as McDonald 's ( est. 1940 ) and KFC ( est. 1952 ) are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. Variations on the fast food restaurant concept include fast casual restaurants and catering trucks. Fast casual restaurants have higher sit - in ratios, and customers can sit and have their orders brought to them. Catering trucks often park just outside worksites and are popular with factory workers. Contents 1 History 1.1 United States 2 Cuisine 2.1 Value meals 3 Technology 4 Business 4.1 Consumer spending 4.2 Major international brands 4.3 North America 4.4 Australia 4.5 United Kingdom 4.6 The Republic of Ireland 4.7 Japan 4.8 India 4.9 Nigeria 4.10 Pakistan 4.11 Russia 4.12 South Africa 4.13 Hong Kong 4.14 Israel 4.15 New Zealand 4.16 Philippines 4.17 Franchising 5 Trends 5.1 Health concerns 5.2 Consumer appeal 5.3 Impact of fast food restaurant availability 5.4 Innovations timeline 5.5 Halal 6 Criticisms 7 Legal issues 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading History See also : History of the hamburger, White Castle ( restaurant ), and History of McDonald 's The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( April 2012 ) United States The Big Mac hamburger made its debut in 1967 A Burger King Whopper sandwich Some trace the modern history of fast food in the United States to 7 July 1912, with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the Automat in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its pre-prepared foods behind small glass windows and coin - operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened the first Horn & Hardart Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, but their `` Automat '' at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurants were built around the country to deal with the demand. Automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of `` take - out '' food, with their slogan `` Less work for Mother ''. Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant ( E. Tavares ). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram 's and Walter Anderson 's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain 's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald 's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc 's McDonald 's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. The hamburger restaurant most associated by the public with the term `` fast food '' was created by two brothers originally from Nashua, New Hampshire. Richard and Maurice McDonald opened a barbecue drive - in in 1940 in the city of San Bernardino, California. After discovering that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk - up stand offering a simple menu of hamburgers, french fries, shakes, coffee, and Coca - Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them immediately ; hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical diner. Their streamlined production method, which they named the `` Speedee Service System '' was influenced by the production line innovations of Henry Ford. By 1954, The McDonald brothers ' stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer Prince Castle 's biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman Ray Kroc traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the normal one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonald 's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald 's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonald 's Corporation. One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a practice still found in chains such as Krispy Kreme. A clean atmosphere was only part of Kroc 's grander plan which separated McDonald 's from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. Kroc envisioned making his restaurants appeal to suburban families. At roughly the same time as Kroc was conceiving what eventually became McDonald 's Corporation, two Miami, Florida businessmen, James McLamore and David Edgerton, opened a franchise of the predecessor to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain Burger King. McLamore had visited the original McDonald 's hamburger stand belonging to the McDonald brothers ; sensing potential in their innovative assembly line - based production system, he decided he wanted to open a similar operation of his own. The two partners eventually decided to invest their money in Jacksonville, Florida - based Insta - Burger King. Originally opened in 1953, the founders and owners of the chain, Kieth J. Kramer and his wife 's uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta - Broiler. The Insta - Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they required all of their franchises to carry the device. By 1959 McLamore and Edgarton were operating several locations within the Miami - Dade area and were growing at a fast clip. Despite the success of their operation, the partners discovered that the design of the insta - broiler made the unit 's heating elements prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef patties. The pair eventually created a mechanized gas grill that avoided the problems by changing the way the meat patties were cooked in the unit. After the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by McLamore and Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. While fast food restaurants usually have a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, orders are designed to be taken away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and paid for at a wide counter, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A `` drive - through '' service can allow customers to order and pick up food from their cars. Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten `` on the go '' and often does not require traditional cutlery and is eaten as a finger food. Common menu items at fast food outlets include fish and chips, sandwiches, pitas, hamburgers, fried chicken, french fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, pizza, and ice cream, although many fast food restaurants offer `` slower '' foods like chili, mashed potatoes, and salads. Cuisine Modern commercial fast food is highly processed and prepared on a large scale from bulk ingredients using standardized cooking and production methods and equipment. It is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in a plastic wrapping, in a fashion which reduces operating costs by allowing rapid product identification and counting, promoting longer holding time, avoiding transfer of bacteria, and facilitating order fulfillment. In most fast food operations, menu items are generally made from processed ingredients prepared at central supply facilities and then shipped to individual outlets where they are cooked ( usually by grill, microwave, or deep - frying ) or assembled in a short amount of time either in anticipation of upcoming orders ( i.e., `` to stock '' ) or in response to actual orders ( i.e., `` to order '' ). Following standard operating procedures, pre-cooked products are monitored for freshness and disposed of if holding times become excessive. This process ensures a consistent level of product quality, and is key to delivering the order quickly to the customer and avoiding labor and equipment costs in the individual stores. Because of commercial emphasis on taste, speed, product safety, uniformity, and low cost, fast food products are made with ingredients formulated to achieve an identifiable flavor, aroma, texture, and `` mouth feel '' and to preserve freshness and control handling costs during preparation and order fulfillment. This requires a high degree of food engineering. The use of additives, including salt, sugar, flavorings and preservatives, and processing techniques may limit the nutritional value of the final product. Value meals A value meal is a group of menu items offered together at a lower price than they would cost individually. A hamburger, side of fries, and drink commonly constitute a value meal -- or combo depending on the chain. Value meals at fast food restaurants are common as a merchandising tactic to facilitate bundling, up - selling, and price discrimination. Most of the time they can be upgraded to a larger side and drink for a small fee. The perceived creation of a `` discount '' on individual menu items in exchange for the purchase of a `` meal '' is also consistent with the loyalty marketing school of thought. Technology To make quick service possible and to ensure accuracy and security, many fast food restaurants have incorporated hospitality point of sale systems. This makes it possible for kitchen crew people to view orders placed at the front counter or drive through in real time. Wireless systems allow orders placed at drive through speakers to be taken by cashiers and cooks. Drive through and walk through configurations will allow orders to be taken at one register and paid at another. Modern point of sale systems can operate on computer networks using a variety of software programs. Sales records can be generated and remote access to computer reports can be given to corporate offices, managers, troubleshooters, and other authorized personnel. Food service chains partner with food equipment manufacturers to design highly specialized restaurant equipment, often incorporating heat sensors, timers, and other electronic controls into the design. Collaborative design techniques, such as rapid visualization and computer - aided design of restaurant kitchens are now being used to establish equipment specifications that are consistent with restaurant operating and merchandising requirements. Business Neighboring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in Bowling Green, Kentucky McDonald 's fast food restaurant at Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia McDonald 's fast food restaurant at Dublin Airport Consumer spending In the United States, consumers spent about US $110 billion on fast food in 2000 ( which increased from $6 billion in 1970 ). The National Restaurant Association forecasts that fast food restaurants in the US will reach $142 billion in sales in 2006, a 5 % increase over 2005. In comparison, the full - service restaurant segment of the food industry is expected to generate $173 billion in sales. Fast food has been losing market share to so - called fast casual restaurants, which offer more robust and expensive cuisines. Major international brands McDonald 's, a fast food supplier, opened its first franchised restaurant in the US in 1955 ( 1974 in the UK ). It has become a phenomenally successful enterprise in terms of financial growth, brand - name recognition, and worldwide expansion. Ray Kroc, who bought the franchising license from the McDonald brothers, pioneered concepts which emphasized standardization. He introduced uniform products, identical in all respects at each outlet, to increase sales. Kroc also insisted on cutting food costs as much as possible, eventually using the McDonald 's Corporation 's size to force suppliers to conform to this ethos. Other prominent international fast food companies include Burger King, the number two hamburger chain in the world, known for promoting its customized menu offerings ( Have it Your Way ). Another international fast food chain is KFC, which sells Chicken - related products and is the number 1 Fast Food company in the People 's Republic of China. Multinational corporations typically modify their menus to cater to local tastes, and most overseas outlets are owned by native franchisees. McDonald 's in India, for example, uses chicken and paneer rather than beef and pork in their burgers because Hinduism traditionally forbids eating beef. In Israel some McDonald 's restaurants are kosher and respect the Jewish Shabbat ; there is also a kosher McDonald 's in Argentina. In Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Singapore, all menu items are halal. North America Animal fries from In - N - Out Burger 's secret menu Many fast food operations have more local and regional roots, such as White Castle in the Midwest United States, along with Hardee 's ( owned by CKE Restaurants, which also owns Carl 's Jr., whose locations are primarily on the United States West Coast ) ; Krystal, Bojangles ' Famous Chicken ' n Biscuits, Cook Out, and Zaxby 's restaurants in the American Southeast ; Raising Cane 's in Louisiana and other mostly Southern states ; Hot ' n Now in Michigan and Wisconsin ; In - N - Out Burger ( in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Texas ) and Original Tommy 's chains in Southern California ; Dick 's Drive - In in Seattle, Washington and Arctic Circle in Utah and other western states ; Halo Burger around Flint, Michigan and Burgerville in the Portland, Oregon area. Also, Whataburger is a popular burger chain in the American South, and Jack in the Box is located in the West and South. Canada pizza chains Topper 's Pizza and Pizza Pizza are primarily located in Ontario. Coffee chain Country Style operates only in Ontario, and competes with the famous coffee and donut chain Tim Hortons. Maid - Rite restaurant is one of the oldest chain fast food restaurants in the United States. Founded in 1926, their specialty is a loose meat hamburger. Maid - Rites can be found in the midwest - mainly Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and Missouri. International brands dominant in North America include McDonald 's, Burger King and Wendy 's, the number three burger chain in the USA ; Dunkin ' Donuts, a New England - based chain ; automobile oriented Sonic Drive - In 's from Oklahoma City ; Starbucks, Seattle - born coffee - based fast food beverage corporation ; KFC and Taco Bell, which are both part of the largest restaurant conglomerate in the world, Yum ! Brands ; and Domino 's Pizza, a pizza chain known for popularizing home delivery of fast food. Subway is known for their sub sandwiches and are the largest restaurant chain to serve such food items. Quiznos a Denver - based sub shop is another fast - growing sub chain, yet with over 6,000 locations it is still far behind Subway 's 34,000 locations. Other smaller sub shops include Blimpie, Jersey Mike 's Subs, Mr. Goodcents, Jimmy John 's, and Firehouse. A&W Restaurants was originally a United States and Canada fast food brand, but it is currently an International fast food corporation in several countries. In Canada the majority of fast food chains are American owned or were originally American owned but have since set up a Canadian management / headquarters locations such as Panera Bread, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Five Guys, and Carl 's Jr... Although the case is usually American fast food chains expanding into Canada, Canadian chains such as Tim Hortons have expanded into 22 states in the United States, but are more prominent in border states such as New York and Michigan. Tim Hortons has started to expand to other countries outside of North America. The Pita Pit franchise originated in Canada and has expanded to the United States and other Countries. The Canadian Extreme Pita franchise sells low fat and salt pita sandwiches with stores in the larger Canadian cities. Other Canadian fast food chains such as Manchu Wok serve North American style Asian foods ; this company is located mainly in Canada and the USA, with other outlets on US military bases on other continents. Harvey 's is a Canadian - only burger restaurant chain, present in every province. Australia Australia 's fast food market began in the early 1970s, with the opening of several American franchises including McDonald 's and KFC. Pizza Hut was introduced in the 1980s, and Burger King followed. However, the Burger King market found that this name was already a registered trademark to a takeaway food shop in Adelaide. Thus, the Burger King Australian market was forced to pick another name, selecting the Hungry Jack 's brand name. Prior to this, the Australian fast food market consisted primarily of imports from the UK, fish and chips takeaway. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, many home based fast food operations were closed in the 1970s and 1980s after McDonald 's became the number one outlet in the market. However, brands like Wimpy still remain, although the majority of branches became Burger King in 1989. The Republic of Ireland In addition to home - grown chains such as Supermac 's, numerous American chains such as McDonald 's and Burger King have also established a presence in Ireland. In 2015, a study developed by Treated.com was published in the Irish Times, which named Swords in County Dublin as Ireland 's ' fast food capital '. Japan American chains such as Domino 's Pizza, McDonald 's, Pizza Hut, and KFC have a big presence in Japan, but local gyudon chains such as Sukiya, Matsuya and Yoshinoya also blanket the country. Japan has its own burger chains including MOS Burger, Lotteria and Freshness Burger. India The major fast food chains in India are KFC, McDonald 's, Starbucks, Burger King, Subway, Pizza Hut, and Dominos. Major emerging food chains include Haldiram 's, Faaso 's, Chick King, Pitstop and Café Coffee Day. Nigeria In Nigeria, Mr. Bigg 's, Chicken Republic, Tantalizers, and Tastee Fried Chicken are the predominant fast food chains. KFC and Domino 's Pizza have recently entered the country. Pakistan Fast food In Pakistan varies. There are many international chains serving fast food, including Nandos, Burger King, KFC, McDonald 's, Domino 's Pizza, Fatburger, Dunkin ' Donuts, Subway, Pizza Hut, Hardees, Telepizza, Steak Escape and Gloria Jean 's Coffees. In addition to the international chains, in local cuisine people in Pakistan like to have biryani, bun kebabs, Nihari, kebab rolls etc. as fast food. Russia Most international fast food chains like Subway, McDonald 's, Burger King etc. are represented in major Russian cities. There are also local chains like Teremok specializing in Russian cuisine or having elements of it added into their menu. South Africa KFC is the most popular fast food chain in South Africa according to a 2010 Sunday Times survey. Chicken Licken, Wimpy and Ocean Basket along with Nando 's and Steers are examples of homegrown franchises that are highly popular within the country. McDonald 's, Subway and Pizza Hut have a significant presence within South Africa. Hong Kong A Café de Coral branch in Admiralty In Hong Kong, although McDonald 's and KFC are quite popular, three major local fast food chains provide Hong Kong style fast food, namely Café de Coral, Fairwood, and Maxim MX. Café de Coral alone serves more than 300,000 customers daily. Unlike western fast food chains, these restaurants offer four different menus at different times of the day, namely breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, and dinner. Siu mei is offered throughout the day. Dai pai dong and traditional Hong Kong street food may be considered close relatives of the conventional fast food outlet. Israel In Israel, local burger chain Burger Ranch is popular as are McDonald 's and Burger King. Domino 's Pizza is also a popular fast food restaurant. Chains like McDonald 's offer kosher branches. Non-kosher foods such as cheeseburgers are rare in Israeli fast food chains, even in non-kosher branches. There are many small local fast food chains that serve pizza, hamburgers, sushi and local foods such as hummus, falafel and shawarma. New Zealand In New Zealand, the fast food market began in the 1970s with KFC ( opened 1971 ), Pizza Hut ( 1974 ), and McDonald 's ( 1976 ), and all three remain popular today. Burger King and Domino 's entered the market later in the 1990s. Australian pizza chains Eagle Boys and Pizza Haven also entered the market in the 1990s, but their New Zealand operations were later sold to Pizza Hut and Domino 's. A few fast food chains have been founded in New Zealand, including Burger Fuel ( founded 1995 ), Georgie Pie ( founded 1977, but closed 1998 after falling into financial trouble and being bought out by McDonald 's ) and Hell Pizza ( founded 1996 ). Philippines In the Philippines, fast - food is the same as in the US. However, the only difference is that they serve Filipino dishes and a few American products being served Filipino - style. Jollibee is the leading fast food chain in the country with 1,000 stores nationwide. Franchising A fast food chain restaurant is generally owned either by the parent company of the fast food chain or a franchisee -- an independent party given the right to use the company 's trademark and trade name. In the latter case, a contract is made between the franchisee and the parent company, typically requiring the franchisee to pay an initial, fixed fee in addition to a continual percentage of monthly sales. Upon opening for business, the franchisee oversees the day - to - day operations of the restaurant and acts as a manager of the store. Once the contract expires, the parent company may choose to `` renew the contract, sell the franchise to another franchisee, or operate the restaurant itself. '' In most fast food chains, the number of franchised locations exceeds the number of company owned locations. Fast food chains rely on consistency and uniformity, in internal operations and brand image, across all of their restaurant locations in order to convey a sense of reliability to their customers. This sense of reliability coupled with a positive customer experience brings customers to place trust in the company. This sense of trust leads to increased customer loyalty which gives the company a source of recurring business. When a person is presented with a choice of different restaurants to eat at, it is much easier for them to stick with what they know, rather than to take a gamble and dive into the unknown. Due to the importance of consistency, most companies set standards unifying their various restaurant locations with a set of common rules and regulations. Parent companies often rely on field representatives to ensure that the practices of franchised locations are consistent with the company 's standards. However, the more locations a fast food chain has, the harder it is for the parent company to guarantee that these standards are being followed. Moreover, it is much more expensive to discharge a franchisee for noncompliance with company standards, than it is to discharge an employee for that same reason. As a consequence, parent companies tend to deal with franchisee violations in a more relaxed manner. For the most part, someone visiting a McDonald 's in the United States will have the same experience as someone visiting a McDonald 's in Japan. The interior design, the menu, the speed of service, and the taste of the food will all be very similar. However, some differences do exist to tailor to particular cultural differences. For example, in October 2005 during a midst of plummeting sales in Japan, McDonald 's added a shrimp burger to the Japanese menu. The choice to introduce a shrimp burger was no coincidence, as a 1989 study stated that world consumption of shrimp was `` led by Japan. '' In March 2010, Taco Bell opened their first restaurant in India. Because non-consumption of beef is a cultural norm in light of India 's Dharmic beliefs, Taco Bell had to tailor its menu to the dietary distinctions of Indian culture by replacing all of the beef with chicken. By the same token, completely meatless options were introduced to the menu due to the prevalence of vegetarianism throughout the country. Trends Health concerns Some of the large fast food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternatives in their menu, e.g., white meat, snack wraps, salads, and fresh fruit. However, some people see these moves as a tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than an appropriate reaction to ethical concerns about the world ecology and people 's health. McDonald 's announced that in March 2006, the chain would include nutritional information on the packaging of all of its products. In September and October 2000, during the Starlink corn recalls, up to $50 million worth of corn - based foods were recalled from restaurants as well as supermarkets. The products contained Starlink genetically modified corn that was not approved for human consumption. It was the first - ever recall of a genetically modified food. The environmental group Friends of the Earth that had first detected the contaminated shells was critical of the FDA for not doing its own job. Consumer appeal The interior of a fast food restaurant in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Fast food outlets have become popular with consumers for several reasons. One is that through economies of scale in purchasing and producing food, these companies can deliver food to consumers at a very low cost. In addition, although some people dislike fast food for its predictability, it can be reassuring to a hungry person in a hurry or far from home. In the post-World War II period in the United States, fast food chains like McDonald 's rapidly gained a reputation for their cleanliness, fast service, and a child - friendly atmosphere where families on the road could grab a quick meal, or seek a break from the routine of home cooking. Prior to the rise of the fast food chain restaurant, people generally had a choice between greasy spoon diners where the quality of the food was often questionable and service lacking, or high - end restaurants that were expensive and impractical for families with children. The modern, stream - lined convenience of the fast food restaurant provided a new alternative and appealed to Americans ' instinct for ideas and products associated with progress, technology, and innovation. Fast food restaurants rapidly became the eatery `` everyone could agree on '', with many featuring child - size menu combos, play areas, and whimsical branding campaigns, like the iconic Ronald McDonald, designed to appeal to younger customers. Parents could have a few minutes of peace while children played or amused themselves with the toys included in their Happy Meal. There is a long history of fast food advertising campaigns, many of which are directed at children. Fast food marketing largely focuses on children and teenagers. Popular methods of advertising include television, product placement in toys, games, educational materials, songs, and movies, character licensing and celebrity endorsements, and websites. Advertisements targeting children mainly focus on free toys, movie tie - ins and other giveaways. Fast food restaurants use kid 's meals with toys, kid friendly mascots, vibrant colors, and play areas to draw children toward their products... Children 's power over their parents ' purchases is estimated to total $300 to $500 billion every year. Fast food has become a part of American culture as a reward for children. To deny a child `` desirable things '' such as the advertised fast food restaurant can cause stigmatization of parents as the `` mean parent '' when it is common among other parents to comply with their child 's desires. The major focus on children by the fast food industry has created controversy due to the rising issue of children obesity in America. As a result of this focus, in 2008 a coalition was created and run by the Council of Better Business Bureaus called Children 's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative ( CFBAI ), to stop ads aimed at children or to promote only what the council dubs `` better - for - you '' products in ads directed towards children. However, it was not until 2011 that Congress requested guidelines be put in place by the CFBAI, FDA, Agriculture Department, and Centers for Disease Control. There are two basic requirements identified in the guidelines for foods that are advertised for children : ( 1 ) The food has to include healthful ingredients ; ( 2 ) The food ca n't contain unhealthful amounts of sugar, Saturated fat, Trans fat, and salt. The guidelines are voluntary but companies experience heavy pressure to comply. Once a company complies they have 5 -- 10 years to comply with the guidelines. Many fast food industries have started to comply with the guidelines. Although many companies have ways to go. In 2012 the fast food industry spent $4.6 billion to advertise unhealthy products to children and teens according to a report by the Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity. There are points of progress that include healthier sides and beverages in most fast food restaurant kids ' meals. The guidelines are interested in a healthier lifestyle for children and the growing problem of American obesity. In other parts of the world, American and American - style fast food outlets have been popular for their quality, customer service, and novelty, even though they are often the targets of popular anger towards American foreign policy or globalization more generally. Many consumers nonetheless see them as symbols of the wealth, progress, and well - ordered openness of Western society and they therefore become trendy attractions in many cities around the world, particularly among younger people with more varied tastes. Impact of fast food restaurant availability Over time, fast food restaurants have been growing rapidly, especially in urban neighborhoods. According to US research, low - income and predominantly African - American neighborhoods have greater exposure to fast food outlets than higher income and predominantly white areas. This has put into question whether urbanized neighborhoods were targeted, which causes a more unhealthy group of people compared to people from a higher socioeconomic status. It has also been shown that there is a lower chance of finding a fast food restaurant in a suburban neighborhood. In a study of selected US locations, Morland et al. ( 2002 ) found the number of fast food restaurants and bars was inversely proportional to the wealth of the neighborhood, and that predominantly African - American residential areas were four times less likely to have a supermarket near them than predominantly white areas. Innovations timeline 1872 : Walter Scott of Providence, RI outfitted a horse - drawn lunch wagon with a simple kitchen, bringing hot dinners to workers 1902 : First Horn & Hardart Automat opened in Philadelphia 1912 : Horn & Hardart opens a second Automat in Manhattan 1916 : Walter Anderson built the first White Castle in Wichita, KS in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant 1919 : A&W Root Beer took its product out of the soda fountain and into a roadside stand 1921 : A&W Root Beer began franchising its syrup 1921 : White Castle opens its first restaurant 1926 : Maid - Rite opened its first restaurant in Muscatine, Iowa. 1930s : Howard Johnson 's pioneered the concept of franchising restaurants, formally standardizing menus, signage, and advertising 1948 : In - N - Out Burger begins drive - through service utilizing call - box technology 1967 : McDonald 's opens its first restaurants outside the US. 1971 : McDonald 's begins serving breakfast, test - marketing the Egg McMuffin in the US. 1971 : The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle, Washington in Pike Place Market to sell high - quality coffee beans and equipment 1980 : 7 - Eleven introduces the 32 - US - fluid - ounce ( 950 ml ) Big Gulp 1981 : Arby 's offers nutritional information 1987 : Howard Schultz leads purchase of the Starbucks brand from its founders ( who adopted the name Peet 's ) and begins offering coffee drinks modeled after those sold in Italian coffee bars 1994 : McDonald 's begins `` supersizing '' Extra Value Meals 1994 : Arctic Circle becomes the first fast food restaurant to sell Angus beef exclusively. 1994 : Arby 's is first fast food restaurant to implement a no - smoking policy 2002 : McDonald 's cuts back on the amount of trans fat by 48 percent on french fries 2006 : Arby 's begins elimination of trans fat oils in french fries Halal The introduction of the halal option by some fast food companies saw the expansion of fast food chains into Muslim majority countries has resulted in a rise of restaurant options in non-western nations and has also increased revenue for some western restaurant chains. Some outlets offering Halal options include KFC, Nando 's, Pizza Express, and Subway. McDonald 's carried out a trial but decided that the cost of operations would be too high. There have also been court cases involving start - up businesses during attempts to alter the halal - certified method by machine killing, which is against the beliefs of some Muslims. However, the trend towards halal has been unpopular in some communities which have at times resulted in internet petitions. Criticisms The fast food industry is a popular target for critics, from anti-globalization activists like José Bové to vegetarian activist groups such as PETA as well as the workers themselves. A number of fast food worker strikes occurred in the United States in the 2010s. In his best - selling 2001 book Fast Food Nation, investigative journalist Eric Schlosser leveled a broad, socioeconomic critique against the fast food industry, documenting how fast food rose from small, family - run businesses ( like the McDonald brothers ' burger joint ) into large, multinational corporate juggernauts whose economies of scale radically transformed agriculture, meat processing, and labor markets in the late twentieth century. Schlosser argues that while the innovations of the fast food industry gave Americans more and cheaper dining options, it has come at the price of destroying the environment, economy, and small - town communities of rural America while shielding consumers from the real costs of their convenient meal, both in terms of health and the broader impact of large - scale food production and processing on workers, animals, and land. The fast food industry is popular in the United States, the source of most of its innovation, and many major international chains are based there. Seen as symbols of US dominance and perceived cultural imperialism, American fast food franchises have often been the target of Anti-globalization protests and demonstrations against the US government. In 2005, for example, rioters in Karachi, Pakistan, who were initially angered because of the bombing of a Shiite mosque, destroyed a KFC restaurant. Legal issues In 2003, McDonald 's was sued in a New York court by a family who claimed that the restaurant chain was responsible for their teenage daughter 's obesity and attendant health problems. By manipulating food 's taste, sugar and fat content, and directing their advertising to children, the suit argued that the company purposely misleads the public about the nutritional value of its product. A judge dismissed the case, but the fast food industry disliked the publicity of its practices, particularly the way it targets children in its advertising. Although further lawsuits have not materialized, the issue is kept alive in the media and political circles by those promoting the need for tort reform. In response to this, the `` Cheeseburger Bill '' was passed by the US House of Representatives in 2004 ; it later stalled in the US Senate. The law was reintroduced in 2005, only to meet the same fate. This law was claimed to `` ( ban ) frivolous lawsuits against producers and sellers of food and non-alcoholic drinks arising from obesity claims. '' The bill arose because of an increase in lawsuits against fast food chains by people who claimed that eating their products made them obese, disassociating themselves from any of the blame. See also Companies portal Food portal Business and economics portal Fast food advertising HACCP List of fast food restaurant chains List of hamburger restaurants List of the largest fast food restaurant chains Roadhouse ( facility ) Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures References Jump up ^ `` Jack In The Box Inc. ''. Retrieved 2 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Evolution of the Quick Service Restaurant ''. A Management Consultant @ Large. Retrieved 10 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` Franchising ''. KFC.com. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Our Story ''. KFC.co.uk. KFC UK. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` KFC Thailand ''. fcthailand.com. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` KFC founder Colonel Sanders did n't achieve his remarkable rise to success until his 60s ''. Business Insider. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Jump up ^ Gross, Daniel ( 7 August 1977 ). Forbes Greatest Business Stories ( pdf ). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 178 -- 192. ISBN 0 - 471 - 19653 - 3. Retrieved 17 April 2008. While most restaurants bought one or two Prince Castle Multimixers, which could mix five shakes at once, the McDonald 's had purchased eight. And Kroc was curious to see what kind of operation needed the capacity to churn forty milk shakes at one time. Jump up ^ `` Where White Tower ( one of the original fast food restaurants ) had tied hamburgers to public transportation and the workingman... McDonald 's tied hamburgers to the car, children, and the family. '' ( Levinstein, p. 228 - 229 ) ^ Jump up to : Smith, Andrew F. ( 30 August 2006 ). Encyclopedia of junk food and fast food ( 1st ed. ). Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 27 -- 28. ISBN 0 - 313 - 33527 - 3. Retrieved 14 June 2009. Jump up ^ Carlino, Bill ( 19 August 1996 ). `` BK co-founder McLamore dead at 70 ''. Nation 's Restaurant News. Retrieved 25 January 2010. Jump up ^ John A. Jakle ; Keith A. Sculle ( 27 March 2002 ). Fast Food ( 1st ed. ). JHU Press. pp. 116 -- 119. ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6920 - X. Retrieved 15 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Will they buy it ? ''. Chicago Tribune. 4 March 2004. Jump up ^ `` A Lifecycle Approach to Retail Store Development ''. A Management Consultant @ Large. Retrieved 11 February 2008. Jump up ^ Schlosser, Eric ( 2001 ). Fast Food Nation : The Dark Side of the All - American Meal. Houghton Mifflin Books. ISBN 0 - 395 - 97789 - 4. Jump up ^ Bramhall, Joe. `` Doctor 's Associates ''. Hoovers.com. Retrieved 9 March 2011. Jump up ^ Terry, Andrew ; Heatrher Forrest ( 2008 ). `` Where 's the Beef ? Why Burger King Is Hungry Jack 's in Australia and Other Complications in Building a Global Franchise Brand ''. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business. 28 ( 2 ) : 171 -- 214. ISSN 0196 - 3228. Jump up ^ `` Swords named as fast food capital of Ireland ''. Retrieved 2 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Fill'er up : Hot, salty, fast and filling - that 's how the youth want their food ''. The Sunday Times. 30 May 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010. Jump up ^ Sun, Nikki ( 6 July 2016 ). `` Founder of Café de Coral, Hong Kong 's largest fast - food restaurant chain, dies at 101 ''. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 20 September 2016. Jump up ^ `` Dining out - food in New Zealand - NZHistory.net.nz ''. Retrieved 23 January 2011. Jump up ^ Krueger, Alan B. ( 1991 ). `` Ownership, Agency, and Wages : An Examination of Franchising in the Fast Food Industry ''. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 106 ( 1 ) : 75 -- 101. JSTOR 2937907. doi : 10.2307 / 2937907. ^ Jump up to : Hornsby, Gilpatrick D. ( January 2011 ). `` Consistency between Franchised and Company - Owned Locations. A Study of Sonic Drive - In Food Safety Scores in the State of Oklahoma '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 20 August 2014. Jump up ^ `` McDonald 's in Japan offers shrimp burger ''. NBC News. 14 October 2005. Retrieved 18 August 2014. Jump up ^ Ferdouse, Fatima. `` WORLD SHRIMP MARKET SITUATION AND OUTLOOK ''. Retrieved 20 August 2014. Jump up ^ `` Novelty Proves a Hit for Taco Bell in India ''. The Wall Street Journal. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2014. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 15. Jump up ^ `` CNN.com - Food Central - News - Scope of biotech corn product recall revealed - November 1, 2000 ''. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2007. Jump up ^ Fulmer, M. ( 23 September 2000 ). `` Taco Bell Recalls Shells That Used Bioengineered Corn ''. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 August 2013. Jump up ^ `` CNN.com - Food Central - ConAgra stops producing corn flour at Kansas mill as precaution against genetically modified grain - October 18, 2000 ''. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Jump up ^ Nestle, Marion ( 2006 ). `` Food Marketing And Childhood Obesity -- A Matter Of Policy ''. New England Journal of Medicine. 354 ( 24 ) : 2527 -- 2529. PMID 16775233. doi : 10.1056 / NEJMp068014. ^ Jump up to : `` Just give me the FACTS ''. Fast food - Food Advertising to Children and Teen Score. Rudd Center. ^ Jump up to : Brownell, Kelly ; Harris, Jennifer ; Bargh, John ( December 2009 ). `` The Food Marketing Defense Model : Integrating Psychological Research to Protect Youth and Inform Public Policy ''. Social issues and policy review. 3 ( 1 ) : 211 -- 271. PMID 20182647. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1751 - 2409.2009. 01015. x. ^ Jump up to : Neuman, William ( 28 April 2011 ). `` U.S. Seeks New Limits on Food Ads for Children ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2014. Jump up ^ Clifford, Stephanie ( 29 July 2008 ). `` Tug of War in Food Marketing to Children ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2014. Jump up ^ Smoyer - Tomic, KE ; Spence, JC ; Raine, KD ; Amrhein, C ; Cameron, N ; Yasenovskiy, V ; Cutumisu, N ; Hemphill, E ; Healy, J ( 4 ). `` The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets ''. Health & place. 14 ( 4 ) : 740 -- 54. PMID 18234537. doi : 10.1016 / j. healthplace. 2007.12. 001. Check date values in : date =, year = / date = mismatch ( help ) Jump up ^ Morland, K ; Wing, S ; Diez Roux, A ; Poole, C ( 2002 ). `` Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places ''. American journal of preventive medicine. 22 ( 1 ) : 23 -- 9. PMID 11777675. doi : 10.1016 / s0749 - 3797 ( 01 ) 00403 - 2. ^ Jump up to : `` A Lifecycle Approach to Retail Store Development ''. A Management Consultant @ Large. Retrieved 10 February 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` Company - history ''. Retrieved 2 March 2017. Jump up ^ Emerging Research on Islamic Marketing and Tourism in the Global Economy, p 123, El - Gohary, Hatem - 2014 Jump up ^ Henley, Jon. `` Which restaurant chains have gone halal -- and why ? ''. the Guardian. Jump up ^ `` Popeyes in fight over Halal chicken ''. thestar.com. 2 November 2011. Jump up ^ Sapsted, David. `` Halal dispute over Kentucky Fried Chicken ''. thenational.ae. Jump up ^ `` KFC Burned During Riot In Pakistan ''. CBS News. 31 May 2005. Jump up ^ `` McDonald 's targeted in obesity lawsuit ''. BBC News. 22 November 2002. Retrieved 2 May 2010. Jump up ^ `` Fast - Food Update : Where Are the Promised Obesity Lawsuits ? - Evan Schaeffer 's Legal Underground ''. legalunderground.com. Jump up ^ `` US approves ' Cheeseburger bill ' ''. BBC News. 12 March 2004. Retrieved 2 May 2010. Further reading Find more aboutFast foodat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Learning resources from Wikiversity Hogan, David. Selling ' em by the Sack : White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York : New York University Press, 1997. Kroc, Ray and Anderson, Robert Grinding It Out : The Making of McDonald 's. Chicago : Contemporary Books, 1977. Levinstein, Harvey. Paradox of Plenty : a Social History of Eating in Modern America. Berkeley : University of California P, 2003. 228 - 229. Luxenberg, Stan. Roadside Empires : How the Chains Franchised America. New York : Viking, 1985. Mcginley, Lou Ellen with Stephanie Spurr. `` Honk for Service : A Man, A Tray and the Glory Days of the Drive - In Restaurant ''. Tray Days Publishing, 2004 Schlosser, Eric. `` Fast Food Nation : The Dark Side of the All American Meal '' HarperCollins Publishers, 2005 Schultz, Howard and Yang, Dori Jones. `` Pour Your Heart Into It : How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time ''. Hyperion, 1999. Fast food and fast casual restaurant chains in the United States Chicken chains Coffeehouse chains Pizza chains Hamburgers A&W Arctic Circle Back Yard Big Boy BurgerFi Burger King Carl 's Jr. Checkers / Rally 's Cook Out Cheeburger Cheeburger Dairy Queen Fatburger Five Guys Flamers Freddy 's Fuddruckers Flamers Grill The Habit Hardee 's Hwy 55 In - N - Out Jack in the Box Johnny Rockets Krystal McDonald 's Red Robin Roy Rogers Shake Shack Smashburger Sonic Steak ' n Shake Wayback Wendy 's Whataburger White Castle Asian L&L Hawaiian Barbecue Manchu Wok Panda Express Pei Wei Asian Diner P.F. Chang 's China Bistro Pick Up Stix Baked goods Au Bon Pain Auntie Anne 's Bruegger 's Cinnabon Corner Bakery Cafe Dunkin ' Donuts Einstein Bros. Great American Cookies Honey Dew Donuts Krispy Kreme Mrs. Fields Nestlé Toll House Panera Bread Pretzelmaker / Pretzel Time Shipley Do - Nuts Tim Hortons T.J. Cinnamons Wetzel 's Winchell 's Beverages Argo Tea Biggby Coffee Caribou Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Coffee Beanery Dunn Bros Gloria Jean 's Jamba Juice Juice It Up ! Orange Julius Peet 's Planet Smoothie Robeks Seattle 's Best Coffee Smoothie King Starbucks Teavana Tropical Smoothie Cafe Tully 's Frozen desserts Baskin - Robbins Ben & Jerry 's Braum 's Bruster 's Carvel Cold Stone Culver 's Dairy Queen Dippin ' Dots Fosters Freeze Friendly 's Golden Spoon Graeter 's Häagen - Dazs Handel 's Kiwi Yogurt MaggieMoo 's Marble Slab Menchie 's Pinkberry Red Mango Rita 's Sweet Frog Tastee - Freez TCBY Tropical Sno Tutti Frutti Yogen Früz Yogurtland Hot dogs Hot Dog on a Stick Nathan 's Famous Portillo 's Wienerschnitzel Mexican - style / Tex - Mex Baja Fresh Cafe Rio Chipotle Chronic Tacos Del Taco El Pollo Loco Freebirds Green / Red Burrito La Salsa Moe 's Pancheros Qdoba Rubio 's Taco Bell Taco Bueno Taco Cabana Taco del Mar Taco John 's Taco Mayo Taco Time Tijuana Flats Wahoo 's Fish Taco Noodles Fazoli 's Noodles & Company Skyline Chili Sandwiches Arby 's Atlanta Bread Blimpie Capriotti 's Charley 's Così Cousins D'Angelo Daphne 's Erbert & Gerbert 's Firehouse Subs Great Wraps Jason 's Jerry 's Subs Jersey Mike 's Jimmy John 's Lee 's Sandwiches Lenny 's Sub McAlister 's Deli Miami Subs Mr. Hero Newk 's Eatery Penn Station Port of Subs Potbelly Quiznos Rax Runza Sandella 's Schlotzsky 's Steak Escape Subway Togo 's Tubby 's Tudor 's Biscuit World Which Wich ? Seafood Arthur Treacher 's Captain D 's H. Salt Esquire Ivar 's Long John Silver 's Skippers Seafood & Chowder House Defunct Bresler 's Brigham 's Burger Chef Carrols D'Lites Druther 's Henry 's Hamburgers Hot ' n Now Hot Sam Pretzels Naugles Red Barn Sandy 's White Tower Zantigo Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_food_restaurant&oldid=803418951 '' Categories : Fast - food restaurants Types of restaurants Fast food Hidden categories : All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from February 2012 All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 errors : dates Use dmy dates from December 2016 Articles with limited geographic scope from April 2012 USA - centric All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012 Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Deutsch فارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Magyar Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Norsk Português Українська 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 October 2017, at 12 : 28. 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Question: when was the first fast food restaurant opened
Answer: 1919