Battle of Preston ( 1648 ) - wikipedia Battle of Preston ( 1648 ) Battle of Preston Part of the Second English Civil War Battle of Preston 1648 Date 17 -- 19 August 1648 Location Preston, Lancashire Result Decisive Parliamentarian victory Belligerents Parliamentarians Engagers English Royalists Commanders and leaders Oliver Cromwell John Lambert Duke of Hamilton Earl of Callendar William Baillie John Middleton Marmaduke Langdale Strength 8,600 11,000, not all were engaged in the battle. Casualties and losses Under 100 killed 2,000 killed 9,000 captured Second English Civil War St. Fagans Maidstone Pembroke Colchester Preston Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Bishops Wars Newburn First English Civil War Boldon Hill Newcastle York Marston Moor Carlisle Scottish Civil War Tippermuir Aberdeen ( 1644 ) Inverlochy Auldearn Alford Kilsyth Philiphaugh Lagganmore Aberdeen ( 1646 ) Rhunahaorine Moss Dunaverty Mauchline Muir Preston Whiggamore Raid Stirling 1st Inverness 2nd Inverness Carbisdale Third English Civil War Dunbar Inverkeithing Worcester Glencairn 's rising Tullich Dalnaspidal For the battle of the Jacobite rising of 1715, see Battle of Preston ( 1715 ). The Battle of Preston ( 17 -- 19 August 1648 ), fought largely at Walton - le - Dale near Preston in Lancashire, resulted in a victory for the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell over the Royalists and Scots commanded by the Duke of Hamilton. The Parliamentarian victory presaged the end of the Second English Civil War. Contents 1 Campaign 2 Battle 3 In Literature 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Campaign On 8 July 1648, when the Scottish Engager army crossed the Border in support of the English Royalist, the military situation was well defined. For the Parliamentarians, Cromwell besieged Pembroke in South Wales, Fairfax besieged Colchester in Essex, and Colonel Edward Rossiter besieged Pontefract and Scarborough in the north. On 11 July, Pembroke fell and Colchester followed on 28 August. Elsewhere, however, the rebellion, which had been put down by rapidity of action rather than sheer weight of numbers, still smouldered. Charles, the Prince of Wales, with the fleet cruised along the Essex coast. Cromwell and John Lambert, however, understood each other perfectly, while the Scottish commanders quarrelled with each other and with Sir Marmaduke Langdale ( the English Royalist commander in the north west ). As the English Royalist uprisings were close to collapse, it was on the adventures of the Engager Scottish army that the interest of the war centred. It was by no means the veteran army of the Earl of Leven, which had long been disbanded. For the most part it consisted of raw levies and, as the Kirk party had refused to sanction The Engagement ( an agreement between Charles I and the Scots Parliament for the Scots to intervene in England on behalf of Charles ), David Leslie and thousands of experienced officers and men declined to serve. The leadership of the Duke of Hamilton proved to be a poor substitute for that of Leslie. Hamilton 's army, too, was so ill provided that as soon as England was invaded it began to plunder the countryside for the bare means of sustenance. On 8 July the Scots, with Langdale as advanced guard, were about Carlisle, and reinforcements from Ulster were expected daily. Lambert 's horse were at Penrith, Hexham and Newcastle, too weak to fight and having only skilful leading and rapidity of movement to enable them to gain time. Appleby Castle surrendered to the Scots on 31 July, whereat Lambert, who was still hanging on to the flank of the Scottish advance, fell back from Barnard Castle to Richmond so as to close Wensleydale against any attempt of the invaders to march on Pontefract. All the restless energy of Langdale 's horse was unable to dislodge Lambert from the passes or to find out what was behind that impenetrable cavalry screen. The crisis was now at hand. Cromwell had received the surrender of Pembroke Castle on 11 July, and had marched off, with his men unpaid, ragged and shoeless, at full speed through the Midlands. Rains and storms delayed his march, but he knew that Hamilton in the broken ground of Westmorland was still worse off. Shoes from Northampton and stockings from Coventry met him, at Nottingham, and, gathering up the local levies as he went, he made for Doncaster, where he arrived on 8 August, having gained six days in advance of the time he had allowed himself for the march. He then called up artillery from Hull, exchanged his local levies for the regulars who were besieging Pontefract, and set off to meet Lambert. On 12 August Cromwell was at Wetherby, Lambert with horse and foot at Otley, Langdale at Skipton and Gargrave. Hamilton was at Lancaster, and Sir George Monro with the Scots from Ulster and the Carlisle Royalists ( organized as a separate command owing to friction between Monro and the generals of the main army ) at Hornby. On 13 August, while Cromwell was marching to join Lambert at Otley, the Scottish leaders were still disputing whether they should make for Pontefract or continue through Lancashire so as to join Lord Byron and the Cheshire Royalists. Battle On 14 August 1648 Cromwell and Lambert were at Skipton, on 15 August at Gisburn and on 16 August they marched down the valley of the Ribble towards Preston with full knowledge of the enemy 's dispositions and full determination to attack him. They had with them horse and foot not only of the Army, but also of the militia of Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland and Lancashire, and withal were slightly outnumbered, having only 8,600 men against perhaps 9,000 of Hamilton 's command. But the latter were scattered for convenience of supply along the road from Lancaster, through Preston, towards Wigan, Langdale 's corps having thus become the left flank guard instead of the advanced guard. Langdale called in his advanced parties, perhaps with a view to resuming the duties of advanced guard, on the night of 13 August, and collected them near Longridge. It is not clear whether he reported Cromwell 's advance, but, if he did, Hamilton ignored the report, for on 17 August Monro was half a day 's march to the north, Langdale east of Preston, and the main army strung out on the road to Wigan, Major - General William Baillie with a body of foot, the rear of the column, being still in Preston. Hamilton, yielding to the importunity of his lieutenant - general, James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar, sent Baillie across the Ribble to follow the main body just as Langdale, with 3,000 foot and 500 horse only, met the first shock of Cromwell 's attack on Preston Moor. Hamilton, like Charles at Edgehill, passively shared in, without directing, the Battle of Preston, and, though Langdale 's men fought magnificently, they were after four hours ' struggle driven to the Ribble. Baillie attempted to cover the Ribble and Darwen bridges on the Wigan road, but Cromwell had forced his way across both before nightfall. Pursuit was at once undertaken, and not relaxed until Hamilton had been driven through Wigan and Winwick to Uttoxeter and Ashbourne. There, pressed furiously in rear by Cromwell 's horse and held up in front by the militia of the midlands, the remnant of the Scottish army laid down its arms on 25 August. Various attempts were made to raise the Royalist standard in Wales and elsewhere, but Preston was the death - blow to the Royalist hopes in the Second Civil War. Cromwell estimated the Royalist losses at 2,000 killed and 9,000 captured. Those among the prisoners who had served voluntarily were bound for servile labour in the New World, and when there was no more demand there, for service in the Republic of Venice When the English Parliament decreed a day of thanksgiving for the victory, it was announced that Cromwell 's army had `` one hundred at the most '' killed. In literature The Battle of Preston is depicted in Robert Neil 's historical novel `` Witch Bane ''. As noted by Neil in his historical note, it is difficult to reconstruct with certainty precisely where in Preston the battle took place. The only contemporary accounts with much authority are those of Sir Marmaduke Langdale and of Cromwell in his letter to Mr. Speaker Lenthall. Both accounts are weak on topography, since neither of the military commanders knew the ground. Neil 's protagonists are two women, caught up in the fighting, desperately trying to survive while also deeply worried about their respective lovers who are fighting on opposing sides. The topography is crucial to the plot 's depiction of the women trying to escape the fighting. Before writing, Neil studied extensively the existing sources and walked repeatedly around the battleground. What Cromwell described as `` A lane, very deep and ill, up to the Enemy 's army and leading to the Town '' is also mentioned by Sir Marmaduke, who blames his Scottish allies for having failed to secure that lane, whose eventual capture enabled the Parliamentary forces to outflank the Royalists. Neil 's plot and the route taken by his protagonists is based on the assumption that this crucial lane followed more or less the line of the present A59 road through Brockholes to Blackburn. Neil concedes, however, that other interpretations of the battle 's topography are possible. ( Quotes from Neil 's historical note are from Robert Neil, `` Witch Bane '', Arrow Books, London 1968. ) References Bull, Stephen ; Seed, Mike ( 1998 ). Bloody Preston : The Battle of Preston, 1648. Lancaster : Carnegie Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1 - 85936 - 041 - 6. Jump up ^ Braddick, God 's Fury, England 's Fire, p. 543. Braddick cites 21.000 as the contemporary figure given in pamphlets, but considers 9000 to be closer to the truth. ^ Jump up to : Bull and Seed, p. 101 ^ Jump up to : Bull and Seed, p. 100 Jump up ^ David Plant. 1648 : The Preston Campaign, British Civil Wars & Commonwealth website. Accessed 29 May 2008 ^ Jump up to : Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article GREAT REBELLION ; 47. Lambert in the north ^ Jump up to : Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article GREAT REBELLION ; 48. Campaign of Preston ^ Jump up to : Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article GREAT REBELLION ; 49. Preston Fight Jump up ^ Michael Braddick, God 's Fury England 's Fire : A New History of the English Civil Wars, London, Allen Lane, 2008, p. 545 Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Great Rebellion ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. Further reading Bell, Robert ( 2008 ) ( 1849 ). Memorials of the Civil War. II. READ BOOKS. pp. 60 -- 64. ISBN 1 - 4097 - 6468 - 0. Sir Marmaduke Langdale 's letter ( 26 August 1648 ) and an account of his capture extracted from Memoirs Of The Life Of Colonel Hutchinson by Lucy Hutchinson. Carlyle, Thomas, ed. ( 1846 ). Oliver Cromwell 's letters and speeches : with Elucidations by Thomas Carlyle. Volume 1 of 3. Chapman and Hall. pp. 359 -- 379... `` There are four accounts of this ( battle ) by eye - witnesses, still accessible : Cromwell 's account in these Two Letters ; a Captain Hodgson 's rough brief recollections written afterwards ; and on the other side, Sir Marmaduke Langdale 's Letter in vindication of his conduct there ; and lastly the deliberate Narrative of Sir James Turner. '' Braddick, Michael ( 2009 ). God 's Fury, England 's Fire. Penguin Books... External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to : Battle of Preston ( 1648 ) ( category ) 1648 : The Second Civil War The Battle of Winwick Pass, 19 Aug 1648 Culture and infrastructure of the City of Preston Transport Bus station Bypass Dick, Kerr & Co. Fishwicks Guild Wheel Longridge Railway Preston Corporation Tramways Park & ride Preston Bus Ribble Bus Ribble Link Ribble Link Trust Ribble Steam Stagecoach Tramroad Transport in Preston United Electric Car Company Whittingham Hospital Railway Railway stations : Preston Disused stations : Deepdale Deepdale Street Fishergate Hill Grimsargh Lea Road Maudland Bridge Maudlands Ribbleton Education University of Central Lancashire Schools : Archbishop Temple Ashton Broughton Cardinal Newman Christ the King Corpus Christi Fulwood Academy Moor Park Our Lady 's Preston 's College Preston Muslim Girls Closed : Catholic College Larkhill Winckley Square Sport Deepdale Dick, Kerr 's Ladies F.C. 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Recycling Lives Skiddle Politics Council elections 1945 46 47 49 50 95 96 98 99 2000 02 03 04 06 07 08 10 11 12 14 15 Wards : Ashton Brookfield Cadley College Deepdale Greyfriars Ingol Larches Lea Moor Park Preston Rural East Preston Rural North Ribbleton Riversway St George 's St Matthew 's Sharoe Green Town Centre Tulketh Constituencies : Preston By - elections : 1929 36 40 46 2000 Preston North Preston South Wyre and Preston North Coordinates : 53 ° 45 ′ 10 '' N 2 ° 40 ′ 46 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 53.75285 ° N 2.67955 ° W ﻿ / 53.75285 ; - 2.67955 GND : 4670495 - 4 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Preston_(1648)&oldid=846140828 '' Categories : 1648 in England 1648 in Scotland Battles of the English Civil Wars Battles involving Scotland Battles involving Lancashire History of Preston Conflicts in 1648 17th century in Lancashire Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Use dmy dates from March 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikimedia Commons Čeština Deutsch Français Italiano 日本 語 Polski Русский Српски / srpski Svenska ไทย 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 June 2018, at 16 : 25 ( UTC ). 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Question: where did the battle of preston take place
Answer: at Walton-le-Dale near Preston in Lancashire