26th of July Movement - wikipedia 26th of July Movement 26th of July Movement Movimiento 26 de Julio Participant in Cuban Revolution A modern impression of one of the flags of the 26th of July Movement Active 1955 -- 1965 Ideology Anti-imperialism Christian left Left - wing nationalism Marxism Revolutionary socialism Vanguardism Leaders Fidel Castro ( head ) Raúl Castro Che Guevara Camilo Cienfuegos Juan Almeida Bosque Headquarters Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico ( first ) Havana, Cuba ( second ) Area of operations Caribbean Sea Became Communist Party of Cuba Opponents Fulgencio Batista 's Government, Cuban Army Battles and wars Operation Verano, Battle of La Plata, Battle of Las Mercedes, Battle of Yaguajay, Battle of Santa Clara Cuban Revolution Timeline Events Moncada Barracks attack `` History Will Absolve Me '' speech Granma landing Operation `` Verano '' Battle of La Plata Battle of Las Mercedes Battle of Yaguajay Battle of Santa Clara People Norberto Collado Abreu Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Che Guevara Raúl Castro Camilo Cienfuegos Vilma Espín Carlos Franqui Huber Matos William A. Morgan Frank País Celia Sánchez Manuel Urrutia Topics 26th of July Movement Radio Rebelde The 26th of July Movement ( Spanish : Movimiento 26 de Julio ; M - 26 - 7 ) was a vanguard revolutionary organization then a party led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movement 's main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform. Contents 1 Origins 2 Role in the Cuban Revolution 3 Post-1959 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Origins The 26th of July Movement 's name originated from the failed attack on the Moncada Barracks, an army facility in the city of Santiago de Cuba, on 26 July 1953. This attack was led by a young Fidel Castro, who was a legislative candidate in a free election that had been cancelled by Batista. The failed attack had been intended as a rallying cry for the revolution. Castro was captured and sentenced to 15 years in prison but along with his group was granted an amnesty after two years following a political campaign on their behalf. Castro travelled to Mexico to reorganize the movement in 1955 with several other exiled revolutionaries ( including Raúl Castro, Camilo Cienfuegos, and Juan Almeida Bosque ). Their task was to form a disciplined guerrilla force to overthrow Batista. Role in the Cuban revolution On 2 December 1956, 82 men landed in Cuba, having sailed in the boat Granma from Tuxpan, Veracruz, ready to organize and lead a revolution. The early signs were not good for the movement. They landed in daylight, were attacked by the Cuban Air Force, and suffered numerous casualties. The landing party was split into two and wandered lost for two days, most of their supplies abandoned where they landed. They were also betrayed by their peasant guide in an ambush, which killed more of those who had landed. Batista mistakenly announced Fidel Castro 's death at this point. Of the 82 who sailed aboard the Granma, only 12 eventually regrouped in the Sierra Maestra mountain range. While the revolutionaries were setting up camp in the mountains, `` Civic Resistance '' groups were formulating in the cities, putting pressure on the Batista regime. Many middle - class and professional persons flocked toward Castro and his movement. While in the Sierra Maestra mountains the guerrilla forces attracted hundreds of Cuban volunteers and won several battles against the Cuban Army. Ernesto ' Che ' Guevara was shot in the neck and chest during the fighting, but was not severely injured. ( Guevara, who had studied medicine, continued to give first aid to other wounded guerrillas. ) This was the opening phase of the war of the Cuban Revolution, which continued for the next two years. It ended in January 1959, after Batista fled Cuba for Dominican Republic, on New Year 's Eve when the Movement 's forces marched into Havana. Post-1959 After the takeover, anti-Batistas, liberals, urban workers, peasants, and idealists became the dominant followers of the M - 26 - 7 movement, which gained control over Cuba. The Movement was joined with other bodies to form the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution, which in turn became the Communist Party of Cuba in 1965. Cuba modeled itself after the soviet - bloc countries of eastern Europe, becoming the first socialistic government in the Americas. Once it was learned that Cuba would adopt a strict Marxist -- Leninist political and economic system, opposition was raised not only by dissident party members, but by the United States as well. Fidel Castro 's government seized private land, nationalized hundreds of private companies -- including several local subsidiaries of U.S. corporations -- and taxed American products so heavily that U.S. exports were cut half in just two years. The Eisenhower Administration then imposed trade restrictions on everything except food and medical supplies. As a result, Cuba turned to the Soviet Union for trade instead. The US responded by cutting all diplomatic ties to Cuba, and have had a rocky relationship ever since. In April 1961, a CIA - trained force of Cuban exiles and dissidents launched the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs Invasion against Cuba. The flag of the 26th of July Movement is on the shoulder of the Cuban military uniform, and continues to be used as a symbol of the Cuban revolution. See also Cuba portal Political movement Moncada Barracks References Notes Jump up ^ Faria, Miguel A. `` Fidel Castro and the 26th of July Movement, '' 27 July 2004. http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/7/27/110928.shtml Saved page https://web.archive.org/web/20081011015901/http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/7/27/110928.shtml Jump up ^ `` Cuba -- The Republic of Cuba history -- geography ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 22. Jump up ^ `` 26th of July Movement Cuban history ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 22. Jump up ^ DeFronzo, James. Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements. ( University of Connecticut. 2007 ) pp. 207 -- 08 Jump up ^ Suddath, Claire ( 2009 - 04 - 15 ). `` U.S. - Cuba Relations ''. Time. ISSN 0040 - 781X. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 22. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 26th of July Movement. Guide to the Cuban Revolution Collection, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Fidel Castro and the founding of the 26th of July Movement El Cubano Libre Articles by Che Guevara from the Sierra Maestra Che Guevara Events Guatemalan Coup Cuban Revolution Granma Voyage 26th of July Movement Battle of Santa Clara Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Congo Crisis Bolivian Insurgency People Alberto Granado Hilda Gadea Aleida March Aleida Guevara Raúl Castro Fidel Castro Camilo Cienfuegos Tamara Bunke Simeon Cuba Sarabia Harry `` Pombo '' Villegas Régis Debray Félix Rodríguez Orlando Borrego Mario Terán Books The Motorcycle Diaries Guerrilla Warfare Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War Bibliography of works on Che Guevara Film The Motorcycle Diaries Che ( Part 1 & Part 2 ) Che ! The Hands of Che Guevara Che : Rise and Fall Chevolution Icon Guerrillero Heroico photo His legacy In popular culture In fashion Guevarism Foco Mausoleum Korda Jim Fitzpatrick Comics Vida del Che Wikiquote Commons Bibliography Book Fidel Castro Timeline Early life Cuban Revolution Participation 26th of July Movement `` History Will Absolve Me '' Primacy Premiership Land reform Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Presidency Machurucuto Incident Transfer of duties Death and state funeral Family Ángel Castro y Argiz ( father ) Ramón Castro Ruz ( brother ) Raúl Castro ( brother ) Juanita Castro ( sister ) Mirta Diaz - Balart ( wife ) Natalia Revuelta Clews ( lover ) Vilma Espín ( sister - in - law ) Alina Fernández ( daughter ) Fidel Castro Díaz - Balart ( son ) Mariela Castro ( niece ) Alejandro Castro Espín ( nephew ) Popular culture Films Fidel : The Untold Story ( 2001 ) Fidel ( 2002 ) Comandante ( 2003 ) Looking for Fidel ( 2004 ) 638 Ways to Kill Castro ( 2006 ) Other Guerrilla War ( 1987 ) The Real Fidel Castro ( 2003 ) Fidel Castro Handbook ( 2006 ) Killing Castro ( 2006 ) The Cuba Wars ( 2008 ) Other Assassination attempts Robert Maheu Awards and honours Birán Eponymous things Politics Religious views My Life Granma ( yacht ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=26th_of_July_Movement&oldid=823690738 '' Categories : Political parties established in 1956 Military units and formations established in 1956 Fidel Castro Communism in Cuba Cuban Revolution Far - left politics Che Guevara Guerrilla organizations National liberation movements National liberation armies Defunct communist militant groups Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from January 2011 Articles containing Spanish - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Ирон Italiano ქართული Lietuvių მარგალური Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 February 2018, at 20 : 19. 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Question: what was the name of the leader of the 26th of july movement
Answer: Fidel Castro