Pontifical Swiss Guard - wikipedia Pontifical Swiss Guard See Swiss Guards for the Swiss Guards in France and other countries. Pontifical Swiss Guard Banner of the Pontifical Swiss Guard of Pope Francis under the command of Christoph Graf ( 2015 to present ) Active 22 January 1506 -- present ( 511 years ) Country Vatican City Papal States Allegiance Pope Francis Branch Army Type Foot Guards Role Close Protection Size 100 men Garrison / HQ Vatican City Patron Ignatius of Loyola Martin of Tours Saint Sebastian Nicholas of Flüe Motto ( s ) `` Acriter et Fideliter '' Fiercely and Faithfully Colors Red, Yellow & Blue Engagements War of Urbino ( 1517 ) Sack of Rome ( 1527 ) Battle of Lepanto ( 1571 ) Commanders Ceremonial Chief Pope Francis Commander Christoph Graf Vice Commander Philippe Morard A member of the Pontifical Swiss Guard with Halberd The Pontifical Swiss Guard ( also Papal Swiss Guard, or just Swiss Guard ; Latin : Pontificia Cohors Helvetica or Cohors Pedestris Helvetiorum a Sacra Custodia Pontificis ; Italian : Guardia Svizzera Pontificia ; German : Päpstliche Schweizergarde ; French : Garde suisse pontificale ) is a small force maintained by the Holy See that is responsible for the safety of the Pope, including the security of the Apostolic Palace. The Swiss Guard serves as the de facto military of Vatican City. Established in 1506 under Pope Julius II, the Pontifical Swiss Guard is among the oldest military units in continuous operation. The dress uniform is of blue, red, orange and yellow with a distinctly Renaissance appearance. The modern guard has the role of bodyguard of the Pope. The Swiss Guard is equipped with traditional weapons, such as the halberd, as well as with modern firearms. Since the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in 1981, a much stronger emphasis has been placed on the guard 's non-ceremonial roles, and has seen enhanced training in unarmed combat and small arms. Recruits to the guards must be unmarried Swiss Catholic males between 19 and 30 years of age who have completed basic training with the Swiss Armed Forces. Contents 1 History 1.1 Italian Wars 1.2 Early Modern history 1.3 Modern history 1.4 List of Commanders 2 Recruitment and service 3 Uniforms 4 Equipment 5 Ranks and insignia 6 Banner 7 See also 8 References 9 External links History Further information : Papal Army, Swiss Guards, and Swiss mercenaries Italian Wars Conclave of Pius V, with Swiss Guard guarding the entrance ( Codex Maggi, 1578 ) Armour for the Papal Guard of Gregory XIII, c. 1580s ( Higgins Armory Museum ) Uniform and armour style c. 1850 ( Pius IX ) The Pontifical Swiss Guard has its origins in the 15th century. Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471 -- 1484 ) had already made an alliance with the Swiss Confederacy and built barracks in Via Pellegrino after foreseeing the possibility of recruiting Swiss mercenaries. The pact was renewed by Innocent VIII ( 1484 -- 1492 ) in order to use them against the Duke of Milan. Alexander VI ( 1492 -- 1503 ) later actually used the Swiss mercenaries during their alliance with the King of France. During the time of the Borgias, however, the Italian Wars began in which the Swiss mercenaries were a fixture in the front lines among the warring factions, sometimes for France and sometimes for the Holy See or the Holy Roman Empire. The mercenaries enlisted when they heard King Charles VIII of France was going to war with Naples. Among the participants in the war against Naples was Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, the future Pope Julius II ( 1503 -- 1513 ), who was well acquainted with the Swiss, having been Bishop of Lausanne years earlier. The expedition failed, in part thanks to new alliances made by Alexander VI against the French. When Cardinal della Rovere became Pope Julius II in 1503, he asked the Swiss Diet to provide him with a constant corps of 200 Swiss mercenaries. This was made possible through the financing of the German merchants from Augsburg, Bavaria, Ulrich and Jacob Fugger, who had invested in the Pope and saw it fit to protect their investment. In September 1505, the first contingent of 150 soldiers started their march towards Rome, under the command of Kaspar von Silenen, and entered the city on 22 January 1506, today given as the official date of the Guard 's foundation. `` The Swiss see the sad situation of the Church of God, Mother of Christianity, and realize how grave and dangerous it is that any tyrant, avid for wealth, can assault with impunity, the common Mother of Christianity, '' declared Huldrych Zwingli, a Swiss Catholic who later became a Protestant reformer. Pope Julius II later granted them the title `` Defenders of the Church 's freedom ''. The force has varied greatly in size over the years and has even been disbanded. Its most significant hostile engagement was on 6 May 1527, when 147 of the 189 Guards, including their commander, died fighting the troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in the stand of the Swiss Guard during the Sack of Rome in order to allow Clement VII to escape through the Passetto di Borgo, escorted by the other 42 guards. The last stand battlefield is located on the left side of St Peter 's Basilica, close to the Campo Santo Teutonico ( German Graveyard ). Clement VII was forced to replace the Swiss Guard by a contingent of 200 German mercenaries ( Custodia Peditum Germanorum ). Ten years later, under Pope Paul III, the Swiss Guard was reinstated, under commander Jost von Meggen. Early modern History After the end of the Italian Wars, the Swiss Guard ceased to be used as a military combat unit in the service of the pope and its role became mostly that of the protection of the person of the pope and of a ceremonial guard. However, twelve members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard of Pius V served as part of the Swiss Guard of admiral Marcantonio Colonna in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. The office of commander of the Papal Guard came to be a special honour in the Catholic part of the Swiss Confederacy. It became strongly associated with the leading family of Lucerne, Pfyffer von Altishofen. Between 1652 and 1847, nine out a total of ten commanders were members of this family ( the exception being Johann Kaspar Mayr von Baldegg, also of Lucerne, served 1696 -- 1704 ). In 1798, commander Franz Alois Pfyffer von Altishofen went into exile with the deposed Pius VI. After the death of the pope on 29 August 1799, the Swiss Guard was disbanded and only reinstated by Pius VII in 1801. In 1808, Rome was again captured by the French and the guard was disbanded again. Pius VII was exiled to Fontainebleau. The guard was reinstated under the same commander, Karl Leodegar Pfyffer von Altishofen, when the pope returned from exile in 1814. Modern History The guard was disbanded yet again in 1848, when Pius IX fled to Gaeta, but was reinstated when the pope returned to Rome in the following year. In the later 19th century, the Swiss Guard developed into a purely ceremonial function. Guards in the Vatican were `` Swiss '' only in name, mostly born in Rome to parents of Swiss descent and speaking the Roman Trastevere dialect. The modern Swiss Guard is the product of the reforms pursued by Jules Repond, commander during 1910 -- 1921. Repond proposed to recruit only native citizens of Switzerland and he introduced rigorous military exercise. He also attempted to introduce modern arms, but Pius X only permitted the presence of firearms if they were not functional. Repond 's reforms and strict discipline were not well received by the corps, culminating in a week of open mutiny in July 1913 and the subsequent dismissal of thirteen ringleaders from the guard. In his project to restore the Swiss Guard to its former prestige, Repond also dedicated himself to the study of historical costume, with the aim of designing a new uniform that would be both reflective of the historical Swiss costume of the 16th century and suited for military exercise. The result of his studies was published as Le costume de la Garde suisse pontificale et la Renaissance italienne ( 1917 ). Repond designed the distinctive Renaissance - style uniforms still worn by the modern Swiss Guard. The introduction of the new uniforms was completed in May 1914. The foundation of Vatican City as a modern sovereign state was negotiated in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. The duties of protecting public order and security in the Vatican lay with the Papal Gendarmerie Corps, while the Swiss Guard, the Palatine Guard and the Noble Guard served mostly ceremonial functions. The Palatine and Noble Guards were disbanded by Paul VI in 1970, leaving the Swiss Guard as the only ceremonial guard unit of the Vatican. At the same time, the Gendarmerie Corps was transformed into a Central Security Office, with the duties of protecting the Pope, defending Vatican City, and providing police and security services within its territory, while the Swiss Guard continued to serve ceremonial functions only. Paul VI in a decree of 28 June 1976 defined the nominal size of the corps at 90 men. This was increased to 100 men by John Paul II on 5 April 1979. As of 2010 the guard numbered 107 halberdiers divided into three squads, plus five officers. Since the assassination attempt on John Paul II of 13 May 1981, a much stronger emphasis has been placed on the guard 's non-ceremonial roles. The Swiss Guard has developed into a modern guard corps equipped with modern small arms, and members of the Swiss Guard in plain clothes now accompany the pope on his travels abroad for his protection. On 4 May 1998 commander Alois Estermann was murdered on the day of his promotion. Estermann and his wife, Gladys Meza Romero, were killed by the young guardsman Cédric Tornay, who later committed suicide. The case received considerable public attention and became the subject of a number of conspiracy theories involving either Cold War politics or the Opus Dei controversy. British journalist John Follain who published a book on the case in 2006 concluded that the killer acted purely on personal motivation. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Swiss Guard, in April -- May 2006, 80 former guardsmen marched from Bellinzona in southern Switzerland to Rome, recalling the march of the original 200 Swiss guards to take up Papal service, in 1505. The march had been preceded by other celebrations in Lucerne, including a rally of veterans of the Guard and a mass. In a public ceremony on 6 May 2006, 33 new guards were sworn in on the steps of St. Peter 's Basilica instead of the traditional venue in the San Damaso Courtyard. The date chosen marked the anniversary of the Sack of Rome when the Swiss Guard had been nearly destroyed. Present at this event were representatives of the Company of Pikemen and Musketeers of the Honourable Artillery Company of London and the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts. In December 2014, Pope Francis directed that Daniel Anrig 's term as commander should end on 31 January 2015, being replaced by his deputy. This followed reports about Anrig 's `` authoritarian style ''. With the rise of Islamic terrorism in Europe and open threats against the Vatican issued by the Islamic State ( ISIS ), Vatican officials in 2015 collaborated with Italian authorities to improve the protection of Vatican City against attacks that can not be reasonably defended against by the Swiss Guard and Vatican police, notably against drone attacks. List of commanders From 1506 until 2016 there have been 35 commanders of the Swiss Guard serving 51 popes, with interruptions during 1527 -- 1548 following the Sack of Rome, in 1564 / 5, in 1704 -- 1712 and in 1798 / 9 following the French invasion. 24 out of 35 commanders were citizens of the city of Lucerne ( not counting the incumbent, Christoph Graf, who is from Pfaffnau in the canton of Lucerne ). During 1652 -- 1847 the office became quasi-heritable, with ten commanders members of the Pfyffer von Altishofen family of Lucerne. Two commanders were from Zürich, serving during the years of the Swiss Reformation ; in modern times, three commanders were from St. Gallen, two from Fribourg, and one each from Solothurn, Grisons and Valais. Kaspar von Silenen, Luzern ( 1506 -- 1517 ) : Julius II ( Della Rovere ), Leo X ( Medici ) Markus Röist, Zürich ( 1518 -- 1524 ) : Leo X, Adrian VI, Clement VII ( Medici ) Kaspar Röist, Zürich ( 1524 -- 1527 ) : Clement VII ( guard disbanded after the Sack of Rome ) Jost von Meggen, Luzern ( 1548 -- 1559 ) : Paul III, Julius III, Marcellus II, Paul IV Kaspar Leo von Silenen, Luzern ( 1559 -- 1564 ) : Pius IV ( Medici ) Jost Segesser von Brunegg, Luzern ( 1566 -- 1592 ) : Pius V, Gregory XIII, Sixtus V, Urban VII, Gregory XIV, Innocent IX, Clement VIII Stephan Alexander Segesser von Brunegg, Luzern ( 1592 -- 1629 ) : Clement VIII, Leo XI ( Medici ), Paul V ( Borghese ), Gregory XV, Urban VIII ( Barberini ) Nikolaus Fleckenstein, Luzern ( 1629 -- 1640 ) : Urban VIII Jost Fleckenstein, Luzern ( 1640 -- 1652 ) : Urban VIII, Innocent X Johann Rudolf Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1652 -- 1657 ) : Innocent X, Alexander VII Ludwig Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1658 -- 1686 ) : Alexander VII, Clement IX, Clement X, Innocent XI Franz Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1686 -- 1696 ) : Innocent XI, Alexander VIII, Innocent XII Johann Kaspar Mayr von Baldegg, Luzern ( 1696 -- 1704 ) : Innocent XII, Clement XI Johann Konrad Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1712 -- 1727 ) : Clement XI, Innocent XIII, Benedict XIII Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1727 -- 1754 ) : Benedict XIII, Clement XII, Benedict XIV Jost Ignaz Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1754 -- 1782 ) : Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, Pius VI Franz Alois Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1783 -- 1798 ) : Pius VI Karl Leodegar Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1800 -- 1834 ) : Pius VII, Leo XII, Pius VIII, Gregory XVI Martin Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1835 -- 1847 ) : Gregory XVI, Pius IX Franz Xaver Leopold Meyer von Schauensee, Luzern ( 1847 -- 1860 ) : Pius IX Alfred von Sonnenberg, Luzern ( 1860 -- 1878 ) : Pius IX Louis - Martin de Courten, Wallis ( 1878 -- 1901 ) : Leo XIII Leopold Meyer von Schauensee, Luzern ( 1901 -- 1910 ) : Leo XIII, Pius X Jules Repond, Freiburg ( 1910 -- 1921 ) : Pius X, Benedict XV Alois Hirschbühl, Graubünden ( 1921 -- 1935 ) : Benedict XV, Pius XI Georg von Sury d'Aspremont, Solothurn ( 1935 -- 1942 ) : Pius XI, Pius XII Heinrich Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1942 -- 1957 ) : Pius XII Robert Nünlis, Luzern ( 1957 -- 1972 ) : Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI Franz Pfyffer von Altishofen, Luzern ( 1972 -- 1982 ) : Paul VI, John Paul I, John Paul II Roland Buchs, Freiburg ( 1982 -- 1997, 1998 ) : John Paul II Alois Estermann, Luzern ( 1998 ) : John Paul II Pius Segmüller, St. Gallen ( 1998 -- 2002 ) : John Paul II Elmar Theodor Mäder, St. Gallen ( 2002 -- 2008 ) : John Paul II Benedict XVI Daniel Rudolf Anrig, St. Gallen ( 2008 -- 2015 ) : Benedict XVI, Francis Christoph Graf, Pfaffnau ( since 2015 ) : Francis Recruitment and service Oath ceremony in the Paul VI Audience Hall ( 6 May 2013 ) Group of Pontifical Swiss Guard inside St. Peter 's Basilica. Recruits to the guards must be Catholic, single males with Swiss citizenship who have completed basic training with the Swiss Armed Forces and can obtain certificates of good conduct. Recruits must have a professional degree or high school diploma and must be between 19 and 30 years of age and at least 174 cm ( 5 ft 8.5 in ) tall. In 2009, the Pontifical Swiss Guard commandant, Daniel Anrig, suggested that the Guard might someday be open to recruiting women, but he added that the admission of female recruits remained far in the future. Qualified candidates must apply to serve. If accepted, new guards are sworn on 6 May every year in the San Damaso Courtyard ( Italian : Cortile di San Damaso ) in the Vatican ( 6 May is the anniversary of the Sack of Rome ). The chaplain of the guard reads aloud the oath in the languages of the guard ( German, Italian, and French ) : ( German version ) Ich schwöre, treu, redlich und ehrenhaft zu dienen, dem regierenden Papst XY und seinem rechtmässigen Nachfolger ; und mich mit ganzer Kraft für sie einzusetzen, bereit, wenn es erheischt sein sollte, selbst mein Leben für sie hinzugeben. Ich übernehme dieselbe Verpflichtung gegenüber dem Heiligen Kollegium der Kardinäle während der Sedis - Vakanz des Apostolischen Stuhles. Ich verspreche überdies dem Herrn Kommandanten und meinen übrigen Vorgesetzten Achtung, Treue und Gehorsam. Ich schwöre, all das zu beobachten, was die Ehre meines Standes von mir verlangt. ( Italian version ) Giuro di servire fedemente, lealmente e onorevolmente il Sommo Pontefice XY ei suoi legittimi successori, come pure di dedicarmi a loro con tutte le forze, sacrificando, ove occorra, anche la vita per la loro difesa. Assumo del pari questi impegni riguardo al Sacro Collegio dei Cardinali per la durata della Sede vacante. Prometto inoltre al Capitano Comandante e agli altri miei superiori rispetto, fedeltà e ubbidienza. Giuro di osservare tutto quello che l'onore della mia posizione esige da me. ( French version ) Je jure de servir fidèlement, loyalement et de bonne foi, le Souverain Pontife régnant, XY, et ses légitimes successeurs ; de me dévouer pour eux de toutes mes forces, sacrifiant, si nécessaire, ma vie pour leur défense. J'asume les mêmes devoirs vis - à - vis du Sacré Collège des cardinaux durant la vacance du Siège apostolique. Je promets, en outre, au Commandant et aux autres supérieurs, respect, fidélité et obéissance. Je jure d'observer tout ce que l'honneur exige de mon état. ( English translation ) I swear I will faithfully, loyally and honourably serve the Supreme Pontiff ( name of pope ) and his legitimate successors, and dedicate myself to them with all my strength, sacrificing, if necessary, my life to defend them. I assume this same commitment with regard to the Sacred College of Cardinals whenever the Apostolic See is vacant. Furthermore I promise to the Commanding Captain and my other superiors respect, fidelity and obedience. I swear to observe all that the honor of my position demands of me. When his name is called, each new guard approaches the Pontifical Swiss Guard 's flag, grasping the banner in his left hand. He raises his right hand with his thumb, index, and middle finger extended along three axes, a gesture that symbolizes the Holy Trinity, and swears in his native tongue : ( German version ) Ich schwöre, alles das, was mir soeben vorgelesen wurde, gewissenhaft und treu zu halten, so wahr mir Gott und seine Heiligen helfen. ( Italian version ) Giuro d'osservare fedelmente, lealmente e onorevolmente tutto ciò che in questo momento mi è stato letto, che Iddio ei Suoi Santi mi assistano. ( French version ) Je jure d'observer, loyalement et de bonne foi, tout ce qui vient de m'être lu aussi vrai que Dieu et ses Saints m'assistent. ( English translation ) I swear to diligently and faithfully abide by all that has just been read out to me, so help me God and his Saints. `` Those who are accepted serve for a minimum of two years, but can also stay in service for an additional year or two, which was the case for many guards during last year 's Jubilee of Mercy. '' Regular guardsmen ( halberdiers ) receive a tax - free salary of EUR 1,300 per month ( as of 2015 ) plus extra pay for hours worked overtime. In addition, accommodation and boarding are provided. Members of the guard are eligible for Vatican decorations. The Benemerenti medal is usually awarded after three years of faithful service. Uniforms Tricolor uniform worn with black beret Morion helmet with red feathers A Swiss Guardsman in regular duty uniform The official dress uniform is of blue, red, orange and yellow with a distinctly Renaissance appearance. It was introduced by commandant Jules Repond ( 1910 -- 1921 ) in 1914. Repond 's design was inspired by 16th - century depictions of the Swiss Guard. While both Michelangelo and a painting of the Pontifical Swiss Guard bearing Pope Julius II on a litter ( by Raphael ) are often cited as inspiration for the Pontifical Swiss Guard uniform, the actual uniforms worn by those soldiers included a flaring skirt ; a common feature in male clothing during the Renaissance. A clear expression of the modern Pontifical Swiss Guard uniform can be seen in a 1577 fresco by Jacopo Coppi of the Empress Eudoxia conversing with Pope Sixtus III. It shows the precursor of today 's recognizable three - colored uniform with boot covers, white gloves, a high or ruff collar, and either a black beret or a black Comb morion ( silver for high occasions ). Sergeants wear a black top with crimson leggings, while other officers wear an all - crimson uniform. The colours blue and yellow were in use from the 16th century, said to be chosen to represent the Della Rovere coat of arms of Julius II, with the colour red added to represent the Medici coat of arms of Leo X. The ordinary guardsmen and the sub-corporals wear the `` tricolor '' ( yellow, blue and red ) uniform without any rank distinctions except for a different model of halberd in gala dress. The corporals have red braid insignia on their cuffs and use a different, more spear - like, halberd. Headwear is typically a black beret for daily duties, while a black or silver morion helmet with red, white, yellow and black, and purple ostrich feathers is worn for ceremonial duties, the former for guard duty or drill ; the latter for high ceremonial occasions such as the annual swearing in ceremony or reception of foreign heads of state. Historically brightly coloured pheasant or heron feathers were used. The senior non-commissioned and warrant officers have a different type of uniform. All sergeants have essentially the same pattern of dress as ordinary guardsmen, but with black tunics and red breeches. Every sergeant has a red plume on his helmets, except for the Sergeant Major, who displays distinctive white feathers. When the gala uniform is worn, sergeants have a different pattern of armor with a gold cord across the chest. The commissioned officers ( Captains, Major, Vice-Commander and Commander ) are distinguished by a completely red uniform with a different style of breeches, and golden embroidery on the sleeves. They have a longer sword, which is used when commanding a group or a squadron of guards. In gala dress all ranks use a bigger purple plume on their helmets, except for the Commander, who has a white one. Usually the Commander and the Chief of Staff ( usually the Vice-Commander ) use armor when present at gala ceremonies. On such occasions `` armor complete '' - including sleeve armor, is worn. Except for ceremonial occasions and exercises officers of the guard wear civilian dress when on duty. The tailors of the Swiss Guard work inside the Vatican barracks. There the uniform for each guardsman is tailor - made individually. The total set of Renaissance style clothing weighs 8 pounds ( 3.6 kg ), and may be the heaviest and most complicated uniform in use by any standing army today. A single uniform requires 154 pieces and takes nearly 32 hours and 3 fittings to complete. The modern regular duty uniform is more functional, consisting of a simpler solid blue version of the more colorful tricolor grand gala uniform, worn with a simple brown belt, a flat white collar and a black beret. For new recruits and rifle practice, a simple light blue overall with a brown belt may be worn. During cold or inclement weather, a dark blue cape is worn over the regular uniform. Equipment The sword worn by the Pontifical Swiss Guard The eponymous main weapon of the halbardiers is the halberd ; corporals and vice-corporals are equipped with a partisan polearm. Ranks above corporal do not have polearms, but on certain ceremonial occasions carry command batons. The banner is escorted by two flamberge great swords carried by corporals or vice-corporals. A dress sword is carried by all ranks, swords with a simple S - shaped crossguard by the lower ranks, and elaborate basket - hilt rapiers in the early baroque style by officers. Arms and armour used by the Swiss Guard are kept in the Armeria ( armoury ). The Armeria also contains a collection of historical weapons no longer in use. The armoury preserves a collection of historical plate armour ( cuirasses or half - armour ). The oldest specimens date to c. 1580, while the majority originates in the 18th century. Historical armour was worn on the occasion of canonizations until 1970, since 1970 their use has been limited to the oath ceremony on 6 May. A full set of replicas of the historical cuirasses was commissioned in 2012, from Waffen und Harnischschmiede Schmidberger in Molln, Upper Austria in 2012. The cuirasses are handmade, and the production of a single piece takes about 120 hours. The replicas are not financed by the Vatican itself but by private donations via the Foundation for the Swiss Guard in the Vatican, a Fribourg - based organisation established in 2000. The Swiss Guard in their function as bodyguards are equipped with the SIG P220 pistol and the SIG SG 550 rifle ( or its SG 552 variant ) also in use by the Swiss Army. As recruits to the Swiss Guard must have passed basic military training in Switzerland, they are already familiar with these weapons when they begin their service. The pepper spray used by the Swiss Army ( RSG - 2000 ) is also in use. The Glock 19 pistol and Heckler & Koch MP7 submachine gun are reportedly also carried by Swiss Guard members in their function as plainclothes bodyguards. In the 19th century ( prior to 1870 ), the Swiss Guard along with the Papal Army used firearms with special calibres such as the 12, 7 mm Remington Papal. The Swiss Guard historically also used the M1842 T. 59 - 67, 1871 Vetterli, Schmidt - Rubin K31 and SIG SG 510 rifles, the Dreyse M1907 pistol, and the SIG MKMO, Hispano - Suiza MP43 / 44 and Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns. Ranks and insignia Commissioned officers Oberst ( Colonel -- the commandant of the Guard ) Oberstleutnant ( Lieutenant Colonel -- the vice-commandant ) Kaplan ( Chaplain -- considered the same rank as a lieutenant colonel ) Major Hauptmanns ( Captains ) Non-commissioned officers Feldwebel ( Sergeant - major ) Wachtmeister ( Sergeant ) Korporal ( Corporal ) Vizekorporal ( Vice-corporal ; closest British equivalent would be lance corporal ) Enlisted Hellebardier / Gardist ( Halbardier / Guardsman ) Equivalent NATO Code OF - 10 OF - 9 OF - 8 OF - 7 OF - 6 OF - 5 OF - 4 OF - 3 OF - 2 OF - 1 OF ( D ) & Student officer Vatican City ( Edit ) No equivalent No equivalent Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Hauptmann Equivalent NATO Code OR - 9 OR - 8 OR - 7 OR - 6 OR - 5 OR - 4 OR - 3 OR - 2 OR - 1 Vatican City ( Edit ) No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent Feldwebel Wachtmeister Korporal Vizekoropral Hellebardier Commander ( Oberst ) Vice Commander ( Oberstleutnant ) Major ( Major ) Captain ( Hauptmann ) Sergeant Major ( Feldweibel ) Sergeant ( Wachtmeister ) Corporal ( Korporal ) Vice Corporal ( Vizekorporal ) 1 + ( Kaplan ) * 5 10 10 Banner The banner of the Swiss Guard under Pope John Paul II and commander Elmar Mäder ( 2002 -- 2005 ) The della Rovere coat of arms, used by Sixtus IV ( Francesco della Rovere, r. 1471 -- 1484 ) and by his nephew Julius II ( Giuliano della Rovere, r. 1503 - 1513 ), azure, an oak tree eradicated or, its four branches interlaced in saltire. The design of the banner of the Pontifical Swiss Guard banner has been changed several times. A fresco by Polidoro da Caravaggio in the burial chapel of the guard in Santa Maria della Pietà in Campo Santo Teutonico, commissioned by the second commander, Marx Röist, in 1522, depicts the commander of the guard flanked by two banners. An early reference to the guard 's banner ( vennly ) dates to 1519, although the design of that banner is unknown. An early surviving banner is on display in the Sala Regia. The banner would change with each pontificate, and depict the colours of the coat of arms of the reigning pope. The modern colours of the Swiss Guard, introduced in the early 20th century, are those of the House of Medici, first used under the Medici popes and depicted in a fresco by Giuseppe Porta ( 1520 -- 1575 ). Under Pius IX ( Mastai Ferretti, r. 1846 - 1878 ), it was divided into three horizontal fields, displaying the coat of arms of the Holy See ( keys in saltire surmounted by the papal tiara on a red field ), the Swiss flag ( a white cross with two laurel branches on a red field ) and a yellow field without heraldic charge. On the reverse side of the banner was the papal coat of arms of Pius IX. Under Pius X ( Giuseppe Melchiorre, r. 1903 -- 1914 ) and commander Leopold Meyer von Schauensee ( 1901 -- 1910 ), the top field displayed the papal coat of arms in a blue field, in the center field was red without heraldic charge and the bottom field displayed the family coat of arms of the guard commander. The modern design of the banner was first used under commander Jules Repond of Freiburg ( 1910 -- 1921 ). The modern banner is a square divided by a white cross into quarters ( in the tradition of the banners historically used by the Swiss Guards in the 18th century ). In the fourth quarter ( lower right ) is Pope Julius II 's coat of arms ; in the first quarter ( upper left ) that of the reigning Pope. The other two quarters display the Swiss Guard 's colours ( red, yellow and blue, the colours of the House of Medici ), and in the center of the cross is the commander 's own coat of arms. The current banner ( As of 2016 ) thus shows the coat of arms of Pope Francis in the first quarter and a vignette of the family coat of arms of Christoph Graf in the center. It has dimensions of 2.2 m squared, woven in a damask pattern of pomegranates and thistles, in what is known as `` Julius - damask '' based on the Julius banners of 1512. The central vignette is embroidered on the backdrop of the colours of the flag of Lucerne. The guard colours in the second quarter ( upper right ) were reversed so that the second and third quarters are identical. The banner was completed in April 2015, and it was first used for the oath of service of new recruits on 6 May 2015. Even though the banner is carried out during ceremonies and the Urbi et Orbi address and blessing twice a year, during the current term of Pope Francis, only the Flag of Vatican City is used instead of the banner during ceremonial occasions as a sort of National Colour whenever the Pope is present. See also Swiss Guards Papal Army Military of Vatican City Noble Guard ( Vatican ) Palatine Guard Corsican Guard Papal Zouaves Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City References ^ Jump up to : Werner Affentranger, Fahne Gardekommandant Graf ( Gardefahne ) ( Maa 2015 ). The banner colonel Graf was completed in April 2015. Its central vignette displays the family coat of arms of Graf of Pfaffnau, gules a plowshare argent and antlers or. WH 1 / 396.1 Familienwappen Familie : Graf Heimatgemeinden : Altbüron, Dagmersellen, Pfaffnau, Schötz, Triengen ( State Archives of Lucerne ). Jump up ^ The Swiss Guard has been repeatedly disbanded, most notably for a twenty - year period during 1527 -- 1548, and briefly in 1564 / 5, in 1798 / 9 and during 1808 -- 1814. `` Spotlight on the Swiss Guard ''. news.va. Retrieved 8 February 2015. Extant units of comparable age include the English Yeomen of the Guard, established in 1485, and the 1st King 's Immemorial Infantry Regiment of AHQ of the Spanish Army ( Regimiento de Infantería `` Inmemorial del Rey '' no 1 ). `` Regimiento de Infantería `` Inmemorial del Rey '' no 1 ``. Ejército de Tierra - Ministerio de Defensa - España. Retrieved 6 December 2014. ^ Jump up to : Admission requirements Official Vatican web page, Roman Curia, Swiss Guards, retrieved 7 August 2006 Jump up ^ `` Suisse en Cuirasse '', G. Perugini Costumes de la cour de Rome ( 1852 ), pl. 42. Jump up ^ Jakob Fugger - Gotz Von Polnitz Jump up ^ Peter Quardi : Kaspar von Silenen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2011. Jump up ^ McCormack, John ( 1 September 1993 ). One Million Mercernaries : Swiss Soldiers in the Armies of the World. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473816909. Retrieved 21 January 2016. Jump up ^ History of the Pontifical Swiss Guards Official Vatican web page, Roman Curia, Swiss Guards, retrieved on 7 August 2006. Jump up ^ Alois Lütolf, Die Schweizergarde in Rom : Bedeutung und Wirkungen im sechszehnten Jahrhundert : nebst brieflichen Nachrichten zur Geschichte jenes Zeitalters von den Gardeofficieren ( 1859 ), p. 78. Jump up ^ Alvarez, David. The Pope 's Soldiers. pp. 288 -- 290. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7006 - 1770 - 8. Jump up ^ Alvarez, David. The Pope 's Soldiers. p. 368. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7006 - 1770 - 8. Jump up ^ Alvarez, David. The Pope 's Soldiers. p. 365. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7006 - 1770 - 8. Jump up ^ John Follain, City of Secrets : The Truth behind the murders at the Vatican ( 2006 ). Jump up ^ BBC News, Sunday 22 January 2006 Jump up ^ `` Pope Francis dismisses ' authoritarian ' Swiss Guard commander ''. BBC News. Retrieved 3 December 2014. Jump up ^ Thomas D. Williams, Vatican Swiss Guard on High Alert, ' Ready to Defend Pope ' from ISIS, Breitbart, 20 February 2015. Swiss Guard Commander on ISIS Threat to Pope : ' We Are Ready to Intervene ', National Catholic Register, 24 February 2015. `` Vatican on alert for Islamic State attacks against Pope Francis '', Reuters, 3 March 2015. Eric J. Lyman, Protecting Vatican from terrorists is an ' enormous ' challenge, USA Today, 29 November 2015. Andrew Woods, In Defence of His Holiness : the Pontifical Swiss Guard and the Islamic State, Foreign Affairs Review, 1 December 2015. Jump up ^ `` Pope thanks Pontifical Swiss Guard for dedicated, loyal service '', Catholic News Service, 7 May 2009 Jump up ^ `` May 6th : The Recruits Take their Oath of Loyalty ''. Vatican - The Holy See. Retrieved 26 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` Swearing - in ''. Swissguard.va. Holy See. Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Formula del Giuramento ( Oath of Loyalty ) '' ( in German, French, and Italian ). Vatican - The Holy See. Retrieved 4 January 2013. Jump up ^ http://www.ewtnnews.com/catholic-news/Vatican.php?id=15527 Jump up ^ `` Interview with a Papal Swiss Guard ''. themosttraveled.com. Retrieved 8 February 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` The Pontifical Swiss Guard -- Uniforms ''. The Vatican. Retrieved 2011 - 04 - 17. Jump up ^ Preben Kannik, plate 1 `` Military Uniforms of the World '', SBN 71370482 9 Jump up ^ `` The Swiss Guard - The Uniform of the Swiss Guards ''. vatican.va. Retrieved 8 February 2015. Jump up ^ Alvarez, David. The Pope 's Soldiers. p. 368. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7006 - 1770 - 8. Jump up ^ http://www.swissguard.va/index.php?id=255&L=2%27 Jump up ^ National Geographic : Inside the Vatican, 2001 Jump up ^ Chris Eger ( 16 April 2017 ). `` Guns of the Vatican 's Swiss Guard ''. Guns.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017. Jump up ^ Tyler Rogoway ( 28 September 2015 ). `` The Pope Has A Small But Deadly Army Of Elite Warriors Protecting Him ''. Foxtrot Alpha. Retrieved 31 August 2017. Jump up ^ Harald Pöcher, Österreichische Waffen für die Schweizergarde DER SOLDAT 15 / 2012. Johanna Wedl Rüstungen für Schweizer Garde NZZ 16 February 2013. Jump up ^ Harnischreplikate Fondazione GSP ( guardiasvizzera.va ), 2013. ^ Jump up to : Chris Eger, Guns of the Swiss Guard ( guns.com ) 13 April 2014. Jump up ^ 12, 7 mm Remington Papal ( patronensammlervereinigung.at ) ; see also earmi.it database. Jump up ^ John Woodward, A Treatise On Ecclesiastical Heraldry ( 1894 ), p. 161. Jump up ^ Die Fahne der Päpstlichen Schweizergarde ( kath.net ), 4 May 2015. Jump up ^ Stefan Vogler, Sacco di Roma ; Plünderung von Rom ( 2015 ), p. 19. Jump up ^ Gardefahnen der Schweizergarde ( vaticanhistory.de ) Alvarez, David. The Pope 's Soldiers : A Military History of the Modern Vatican. University Press of Kansas, 2011. Richard, Christian - Roland Marcel. La Guardia Svizzera Pontificia nel corso dei secoli. Leonardo International, 2005. Royal, Robert. The Pope 's Army : 500 Years of the Papal Swiss Guard. Crossroads Publishing Co, 2006. Roland Beck - von Büren : Päpstliche Schweizergarde in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2005 - 08 - 29. Serrano, Antonio. Die Schweizergarde der Päpste. Verlagsanstalt, Bayerland, 1992. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swiss Guards in the Vatican City. Official website : English Official website : German Official website : French Official website : Italian Official Facebook Page Official YouTube Channel The Vatican 's Official Swiss Guard site Pontifical Swiss Guard, Commission or Committee of the Roman ( CuriaGCatholic.org ) Five Hundred Years of Loyalty ( catholicism.org ) Insignia of Rank ( officers and other ranks ) Pontifical Swiss Guard ( uniforminsignia.com ) Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See Orders of the Holy See Supreme Order of Christ Order of the Golden Spur Order of Pope Pius IX Order of St. Gregory the Great Order of Saint Sylvester Orders under protection of the Holy See ( with distinctions ) Sovereign Military Order of Malta ( Order pro merito Melitensi, Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi ) Order of the Holy Sepulchre ( Palm of Jerusalem, Pilgrim Shell, Cross of Merit ) Teutonic Order ( Honorary Knights ) Other distinctions Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice Benemerenti medal Golden Rose Jerusalem Pilgrim 's Cross Defunct / dormant distinctions ( 1870, 1954, 1977 ) Order of Saint John of the Lateran Order of Saint Cecilia ( 1870 ) Order of the Moor ( 1870 ) Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata ( 1905 ) Advocates of Saint Peter ( 1909 ) Blessed sword and hat ( 1823 ) Medal of Military Merit Fidei et Virtuti Pro Petri Sede Lauretan Cross ( middle part of the 20th Century ) Papal Lateran Cross ( 1977 ) See also Papal Household Swiss Guard Other Catholic orders of chivaly Catholic ecclesiastical decorations Pope portal Vatican City portal Catholicism portal Vatican City articles Sovereign territory of the Holy See History History of the papacy Papal States Duchy of Rome Donation of Sutri Donation of Pepin `` Prisoner in the Vatican '' Lateran Palace Circus of Nero Old St. Peter 's Basilica Savoyard era First Vatican Council Lateran Treaty Second Vatican Council Geography Apostolic Palace Castel Gandolfo Domus Sanctae Marthae ( Pope Francis ' residence ) Gardens Mater Ecclesiae Monastery ( Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI 's residence ) Paul VI Audience Hall Passetto di Borgo St. Peter 's Basilica St. Peter 's Square Saint Peter 's tomb Sistine Chapel ceiling Vatican Hill Vatican Museums Historical Museum Modern Religious Art Vatican Necropolis St. Peter 's Baldachin Cortile del Belvedere Bramante Staircase Politics Politics Pope List of sovereigns Elections Foreign relations Pontifical Commission Pontifical Council Government Roman Curia Secretariat of State Vicar General Law Fundamental Law of Vatican City State Crime Military Corpo della Gendarmeria Swiss Guard Economy Banking Communications. va ( Internet domain ) Secretariat for the Economy Tourism Transport rail Culture Academy of Sciences AT telescope observatory Anthem Catholic Church Coats of arms Demographics Flag Languages Media Holy See Press Office Secretariat for Communications Annuario Pontificio newspaper radio television information service News.va Music National football team Philatelic and Numismatic Office Public holidays Vatican Cricket Team Vatican Library film secret archives Pope portal Vatican City portal Catholicism portal Switzerland portal Vatican City portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontifical_Swiss_Guard&oldid=805001987 '' Categories : Pontifical Swiss Guard 1506 establishments in Europe Military units and formations established in the 16th century Honour guards Hidden categories : HDS different on Wikidata Pages using web citations with no URL Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles containing Italian - language text Articles containing German - language text Articles containing French - language text Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Edit Contents About Wikipedia Languages Alemannisch Arpetan Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kiswahili Latviešu Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Rumantsch Русский Scots Sicilianu Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 12 October 2017, at 13 : 03. 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Question: who designed the uniform of the swiss guard
Answer: Jules Repond