Southern Bread riots - wikipedia Southern Bread riots Bread riots in Richmond The Southern bread riots were events of civil unrest in the Confederacy, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863. During these riots, which occurred in cities throughout the South, women and men violently invaded and looted various shops and stores. Contents 1 Causes 2 Richmond Bread Riots 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading Causes The riots were triggered by the women 's lack of money, provisions, and food. All were the result of multiple factors : Inflation had soared and incomes had not. Refugees had flooded the cities causing severe shortages of housing and overwhelming the old food supply system. Richmond tripled from 38,000 people in 1860 to over 100,000 by 1863. Food supplies in rural areas were running short and less was exported to cities ; foraging armies, both Union and Confederate, ravaged crops and killed farm animals. Many cities -- especially Richmond -- were at the end of long supply lines, and internal transportation became increasingly difficult. The drought of 1862 created a poor harvest that did not yield enough in a time when food was already scarce. Salt, which at the time was the only practical meat preservative, was very expensive ( if available at all ) because it was generally an imported item. The Union blockade prevented imports, and the capture of Avery Island, with its salt - mine, exacerbated the problem. Similarly to the French Revolution, citizens, mostly women, began to protest the exorbitant price of bread. The protesters believed a negligent government and speculators were to blame. To show their displeasure, many protesters turned to violence. In Richmond ; Columbus, Georgia, Macon, Atlanta, and Augusta armed mobs attacked stores and warehouses. In North Carolina, mobs destroyed grocery and dry goods stores. Food riots were occurring before the arrival of Union troops because the Confederate Army was suffering the same food shortages and was taking food stocks for its own needs. Additionally, as the cost of war for the Confederate government exceeded the tax revenue, legislation was enacted that exacerbated the situation by devaluing the Confederate currency and inflating prices of goods. Richmond Bread riots On April 2, 1863 in the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, about 5,000 people, mostly poor women, broke into shops and began seizing food, clothing, shoes, and even jewelry before the Militia arrived to restore order. Tens of thousands of dollars worth of items were stolen. No one died and few were injured. The riot was organized and instigated by Mary Jackson, a huckster and the mother of a soldier. President Jefferson Davis pleaded with the women and even threw them money from his pockets, asking them to disperse, saying `` You say you are hungry and have no money ; here, this is all I have ''. The mayor read the riot act ; the governor called out the militia, and it restored order. See also List of food riots List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States Food portal References Jump up ^ Michael B. Chesson, `` Harlots or Heroines ? A New Look at the Richmond Bread Riot. '' Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 92 # 2 ( 1984 ) : 131 - 175. in JSTOR Jump up ^ Mary Elizabeth Massey, `` The food and drink shortage on the Confederate homefront. '' North Carolina Historical Review 26.3 ( 1949 ) : 306 - 334. in JSTOR Jump up ^ Eugene M. Lerner, `` Money, prices, and wages in the Confederacy, 1861 - 65. '' Journal of Political Economy ( 1955 ) : 20 - 40. in JSTOR Jump up ^ Mary Elizabeth Massey, Refugee Life in the Confederacy ( 1964 ). Jump up ^ Alfred Hoyt Bill, The Beleaguered City : Richmond, 1861 - 1865 ( 1946 ) p 3 Jump up ^ Andrew F. Smith, Starving the South : How the North Won the Civil War ( Macmillan, 2011 ). Jump up ^ Robert C. Black, The railroads of the Confederacy ( 1952 ). Jump up ^ Mark Kurlansky, Salt : A World History Jump up ^ The Salisbury Bread Riot Jump up ^ Chesson, 1984 Jump up ^ `` Bread or Blood : The Richmond Bread Riot - Hungry History ''. HISTORY.com. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 13. Jump up ^ Katherine R. Titus, `` The Richmond Bread Riot of 1863 : Class, Race, and Gender in the Urban Confederacy '' The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era 2 # 6 ( 2011 ) pp 86 - 146 Further reading Chesson, Michael B. `` Harlots or Heroines ? A New Look at the Richmond Bread Riot. '' Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 92 # 2 ( 1984 ) : 131 - 175. JSTOR 4248710 Grady, John ( April 5, 2013 ). `` Richmond Bread Riot ''. New York Times. Hurt, R. Douglas. Agriculture and the Confederacy : Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South ( U North Carolina Press, 2015 ). Lerner, Eugene M. `` Money, prices, and wages in the Confederacy, 1861 - 65. '' Journal of Political Economy ( 1955 ) : 20 - 40. JSTOR 1826773 McPherson, James M. ( 1988 ). Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era. Ballantine Books ; Random House Publishing Inc. ISBN 0 - 345 - 35942 - 9. Kurlansky, Mark. Salt : A World History. Rable, George C. Civil Wars : Women and the Crisis of Southern Nationalism ( U of Illinois Press, 1989 ). Smith, Andrew F. Starving the South : How the North Won the Civil War ( Macmillan, 2011 ). Titus, Katherine R. `` The Richmond Bread Riot of 1863 : Class, Race, and Gender in the Urban Confederacy '' The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era 2 # 6 ( 2011 ) pp 86 -- 146 online Williams, Teresa Crisp, and David Williams. `` ' The Women Rising ' : Cotton, Class, and Confederate Georgia 's Rioting Women. 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Question: what caused the bread riots in richmond in 1863
Answer: Inflation