Hegira - wikipedia Hegira Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Hijrah ( disambiguation ). Islamic Hijrah Muhammad and Abu Bakr flee Mecca, as depicted in The Outline of History Date Thursday 17 June -- Friday 2 July 622 Julian calendar Location Hijaz, Arabian Peninsula Also known as The Migration of Muhammad ; The Migration ; Hijrah ; Hijrath Participants Muhammad and his followers Outcome Renaming Yathrib as `` the City ( of the Prophet ) '' ( Medina ) ; Enmity between the Aus tribe and Khazraj tribes ended ; Muhammad made political leader and united the new Muslims The Hejira ( Arabic : هِجْرَة ‎ ) is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in the year 622. In June 622, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him, Muhammad secretly left his home in Mecca to emigrate to Yathrib, 320 km ( 200 mi ) north of Mecca, along with his companion Abu Bakr. Yathrib was soon renamed Madīnat an - Nabī ( Arabic : مَـديـنـة الـنّـبي ‎, literally `` City of the Prophet '' ), but an - Nabī was soon dropped, so its name is `` Medina '', meaning `` the city ''. The Hijrah is also often identified with the start of the Islamic calendar, which was set to 19 April 622 in the Julian calendar. Contents 1 First Hijrah 2 Muhammad 's Hijrah 2.1 Context 2.2 The Migration 3 Dates of events 4 Aftermath 5 See also 6 References 7 External links First Hijrah Main article : Migration to Abyssinia The first Hijrah is dated to 615 or Rajab ( September -- October ) 613 when a group of Muslims counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca arrived at the court of the Christian monarch ( Negus ) of the Ethiopian Empire, Ashama ibn - Abjar. Muhammad himself did not join this emigration. In that year, his followers fled Mecca 's leading tribe, the Quraysh, who sent emissaries to Ethiopia to bring them back to the Arabian Peninsula. However, the Negus refused to send them back. Muhammad 's Hijrah Context In Mecca, at the pilgrimage season of 620, Muhammad met six men of the Banu Khazraj from Medina, propounded to them the doctrines of Islam, and recited portions of the Quran. Impressed by this, the six embraced Islam, and at the Pilgrimage of 621, five of them brought seven others with them. These twelve informed Muhammad of the beginning of gradual development of Islam in Medina, and took a formal pledge of allegiance at Muhammad 's hand, promising to accept him as a prophet, to worship none but one God, and to renounce certain sins such as theft, adultery, and murder. This is known as the `` First Pledge of al - Aqaba ''. At their request, Muhammad sent with them Mus'ab ibn ' Umair to teach them the instructions of Islam. Biographers have recorded the considerable success of Mus ` ab ibn ` Umair in preaching the message of Islam and bringing people under the umbrella of Islam in Medina. The next year, at the pilgrimage of 622, a delegation of around 75 Muslims of the Banu Aws and Khazraj from Medina came, and in addition to restating the formal promises, they also assured Muhammad of their full support and protection if the latter would migrate to their land. They invited him to come to Medina as an arbitrator to reconcile among the hostile tribes. This is known as the `` second pledge at al - Aqabah '', and was a ' politico - religious ' success that paved the way for his and his followers ' immigration to Medina. Following the pledges, Muhammad encouraged his followers to migrate to Medina, and in a span of two months, nearly all the Muslims of Mecca migrated to Medina. During the early seventh century, Medina was inhabited by two types of population : Jewish and pagan Arabs. The Jews there had three principal clans -- Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza. The Arab pagans had two tribes -- the Banu Aws and Khazraj. At that time, the Jews there had the upper hand with their large settlement and huge property. Before the encounter between Muhammad and the six men from Medina in 620, there ensued a terrible battle between Aws and Khazraj, known as the Battle of Buath, in which many leading personalities of both the sides died and left Yathrib in a disordered state. Traditional rules for maintaining law and order became dysfunctional, and, without a neutral man with considerable authority over things, stability seemed unlikely. As the pagan Arabs of Medina lived in close proximity to the Jews, they had gained some knowledge about their scriptures, and had heard the Jews awaiting the arrival of a future prophet. It is because of this knowledge, taken together with their need for an adjudicator, that the six men who met Muhammad at the pilgrimage season of 620 readily accepted his message, lest the Jews should steal a march over them. The migration According to Muslim tradition, after receiving divine direction to depart Mecca, Muhammad began taking preparation and informed Abu Bakr of his plan. On the night of his departure, Muhammad 's house was besieged by men of the Quraysh who planned to kill him in the morning. At the time, Muhammad possessed various properties of the Quraysh given to him in trust ; so he handed them over to ' Ali and directed him to return them to their owners, and asked him to lie down on his bed assuring him of God 's protection. It is said that when Muhammad emerged from his house, he recited the ninth verse of surah Ya Sin of the Quran and threw a handful of dust at the direction of the besiegers, rendering the besiegers unable to see him. Soon, Muhammad joined Abu Bakr, left the city, and the two took shelter in a cave outside the city. Next morning, the besiegers were frustrated to find Ali on Muhammad 's bed. Fooled and thwarted by Muhammad 's plan, they rummaged the city in search for him, and some of them eventually reached the threshold of the cave, but success eluded them. When the Quraysh came to know of Muhammad 's escape, they announced heavy reward for bringing Muhammad back to them, alive or dead. Unable to resist this temptation, pursuers scattered in all directions. After staying for three days, Muhammad and Abu Bakr resumed their journey and were pursued by Suraqa bin Malik. But each time he neared Muhammad 's party, his horse stumbled and he finally abandoned his desire of capturing Muhammad. After eight days ' journey, Muhammad entered the outskirts of Medina around June 622, but did not enter the city directly. He stopped at a place called Quba ', a place some miles from the main city, and established a mosque there. After a four - day stay at Quba ', Muhammad along with Abu Bakr continued their migration to Medina, participated in their first Friday prayer on the way, and upon reaching the city, were greeted cordially by its people. Dates of events The Muslim year during which the Hijrah occurred was designated the first year of the Islamic calendar by Umar in 638 or 17 AH ( anno hegirae = `` in the year of the Hijrah '' ). The following table lists the dates of various events of Muhammad 's Hijrah as mentioned by Fazlur Rehman Shaikh and F.A. Shamsi in their works. Fazlur Rehman has listed other dates for the arrival of Muhammad in Quba ' in his work, as proposed by modern scholars, ranging from 31 May 622 to 22 November 622. Day Julian and Islamic dates by F.A. Shamsi Julian and Islamic dates by Fazlur Rehman Shaikh Events Day 1 Thursday 9 September 622 26 Safar AH 1 17 June 622 1 Rabi ' al - Awwal AH 1 conference of the Quraysh leaders and Muhammad 's departure from Mecca Day 5 Monday 13 September 1 Rabi ' al - Awwal 21 June 5 Rabi ' al - Awwal departure from the Cave of Thawr Day 12 Monday 20 September 8 Rabi ' al - Awwal 28 June 12 Rabi ' al - Awwal arrival in Quba ' Day 16 Friday 24 September 12 Rabi ' al - Awwal 2 July 16 Rabi ' al - Awwal entry into Yathrib ( Medina ) Day 26 Monday 4 October 22 Rabi ' al - Awwal finally settles in Medina These dates are discussed by Al - Biruni, Alvi, Ibn Sa 'd, Abu Ja'far and Ibn Hisham. The hypothetical dates in the retro - calculated Islamic calendar extended back in time differ from the actual dates as they were on the Julian calendar. Annual celebration of the Hijrah has long been assigned to 1 Muharram, the first day of the Muslim year, causing many writers to confuse the first day of the year of the Hijrah with the Hijrah itself, erroneously stating that the Hijrah occurred on 1 Muharram AH 1 ( which would be 19 April 622 in Fazlur Rehman Shaikh 's system ) or even the hypothetical Gregorian date from retro - calculating 26 Rabi ' I in AH 1 to 16 July 622 ( not to be confused with Julian 16 July 622, the retro - calculated start date for of the regular Hijri calendar system ) even though the first visit to Medina for Friday prayers actually occurred on 16 Rabi ' I ( i.e., 2 July 622 ). Thus it is important to remember that whenever the tabular Islamic calendar invented by Muslim astronomers is extended back in time it changes all these dates by about 88 days or three lunar months as the first day of the year during which the Hijrah occurred, 1 Muharram AH 1, would be mistaken from Monday 19 April 622 to Friday 16 July 622. The Muslim dates of the Hijrah are those recorded in an original lunisolar Arabic calendar that were never converted into the purely lunar calendar to account for the three intercalary months inserted during the next nine years until intercalary months were prohibited during the year of Muhammad 's last Hajj ( AH 10 ). Aftermath Muhammad 's followers suffered from poverty after fleeing persecution in Mecca and migrating with Muhammad to Medina. Their Meccan persecutors seized their wealth and belongings left behind in Mecca. Beginning in January 623, some of the Muslims resorted to the tradition of raiding the Meccan caravans that traveled along the eastern coast of the Red Sea from Mecca to Syria. Communal life was essential for survival in desert conditions, as people needed support against the harsh environment and lifestyle. The tribal grouping was thus encouraged by the need to act as a unit. This unity was based on the bond of kinship by blood. People of Arabia were either nomadic or sedentary, the former constantly traveling from one place to another seeking water and pasture for their flocks, while the latter settled and focused on trade and agriculture. The survival of nomads was also partially dependent on raiding caravans or oases, thus they saw this as no crime. See also Battle of Badr List of Islamic terms in Arabic Prophetic biography List of expeditions of Muhammad References ^ Jump up to : Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman ( 2001 ). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London : Ta - Ha Publishers Ltd. pp. 51 -- 52. Jump up ^ Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ( 1955 ). Ibn Ishaq 's Sirat Rasul Allah -- The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Alfred Guillaume. Oxford : Oxford University Press. pp. 88 -- 9. ISBN 9780196360331. Jump up ^ Karen Armstrong ( 2002 ). Islam : A Short History. p. 11. ISBN 0 - 8129 - 6618 - X. Jump up ^ Haykal, Husayn ( 1976 ), The Life of Muhammad, Islamic Book Trust, pp. 217 -- 218, ISBN 978 - 983 - 9154 - 17 - 7 Jump up ^ `` Dates of Epoch - Making Events '', The Nuttall Encyclopædia. ( Gutenberg version ) Jump up ^ Marom, Roy ( Fall 2017 ). `` Approaches to the Research of Early Islam : The Hijrah in Western Historiography ''. Jama'a. 23 : vii. Jump up ^ Moojan Momen ( 1985 ), An Introduction to Shi'i Islam : History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5. ^ Jump up to : F.A. Shamsi, `` The Date of Hijrah '', Islamic Studies 23 ( 1984 ) : 189 - 224, 289 - 323 ( JSTOR link 1 + JSTOR link 2 ). Jump up ^ Dale F. Eickelman ( 1990 ). Muslim Travellers : Pilgrimage, Migration and the Religious Imagination. University of California Press. p. 30. ISBN 978 - 0 - 520 - 07252 - 7. Jump up ^ Elaine Padilla, Peter C. Phan ( editors ) ( 2014 ). Theology of Migration in the Abrahamic Religions. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 15. ISBN 978 - 1 - 137 - 00104 - 7. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Fazlur Rehman Shaikh ( 2001 ). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London : Ta - Ha Publishers Ltd. pp. 91 Jump up ^ Ian Richard Netton ( 2011 ). Islam, Christianity and the Mystic Journey : A Comparative Exploration. Edinburgh University Press. p. 55. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7486 - 4082 - 9. Jump up ^ Sell, Edward ( 1913 ). The Life of Muhammad ( PDF ). Madras : The Christian Literary Society for India. p. 70. Retrieved 19 January 2013. Jump up ^ Holt, P.M. ; Lambton, Ann K.S. ; Lewis, Bernard ( 2000 ). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 21946 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Shibli Nomani. Sirat - un-Nabi. Vol 1. Lahore. Jump up ^ Khan ( 1980 ), p. 70. Jump up ^ Holt, Lambton, and Lewis ( 2000 ), p. 40. Jump up ^ Sell ( 1913 ), p. 71. Jump up ^ Hitti, Philip Khuri ( 1946 ). History of the Arabs. London : Macmillan and Co. p. 116. ^ Jump up to : Holt, et al ( 2000 ), p. 40. Jump up ^ Khan ( 1980 ), p. 73. Jump up ^ Sell ( 1913 ), p. 76. Jump up ^ Holt, et al ( 2000 ), p. 39. Jump up ^ Holt, et al ( 2000 ), p. 39 - 40. Jump up ^ Ibn Kathir ( 2001 ). Stories of the Prophet : From Adam to Muhammad. Mansoura, Egypt : Dar Al - Manarah. p. 389. ISBN 977 - 6005 - 17 - 9. Jump up ^ `` Ya - Seen Ninth Verse ''. Retrieved 4 February 2014., Quran Surah Yaseen ( Verse 9 ) Jump up ^ Muir ( 1861 ), vol. 2, p. 258 - 9 Jump up ^ Al Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman ( 2002 ). `` On the Road to Madina ''. Ar - Raheeq Al - Makhtum - The Sealed Nectar : Biography of the Noble Prophet. Darussalam. ISBN 9960 - 899 - 55 - 1. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 11. Jump up ^ Caussin de Perceval writing in 1847 as reported in 1901 by Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby, Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars ( London : 1901 ) 374 -- 5. ^ Jump up to : John Esposito, Islam, Expanded edition, Oxford University Press, p. 4 - 5. Jump up ^ Watt ( 1953 ), pp. 16 - 18. Jump up ^ Rue, Loyal D. ( 2005 ). Religion is Not about God : How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological Nature and what to Expect when They Fail. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8135 - 3511 - 1. page 224. External links Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Hejira. Incident of the cave IslamiCity.com article on the Hijrah Articles, audios on the Hijrah BNF : cb131668986 ( data ) GND : 4252024 - 1 SUDOC : 035098589 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hegira&oldid=854728499 '' Categories : Hegira Shia days of remembrance 622 Muhammad in Medina Islamic terminology Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Use dmy dates from April 2014 Articles containing Arabic - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2011 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Alemannisch Azərbaycanca বাংলা Башҡортса Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kurdî Latina Latviešu Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Zazaki 中文 58 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018, at 11 : 18 ( UTC ). 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Question: who was the first one to migrate to madinah
Answer: Islamic prophet Muhammad