Catholic Church in Canada - wikipedia Catholic Church in Canada Catholic Church in Canada Basilica - Cathedral Notre - Dame de Québec Classification Catholic Orientation Catholic Polity Episcopal Associations Canadian Council of Churches Region Canada Origin 1534 Members 38.7 % of Canadians ( 12,728,900 as of 2011 ) baptized as Catholics Part of a series on the Catholic Church by country Worldwide distribution of Catholics Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR of Congo Republic of Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma Cambodia China Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Korea Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam - including the Middle East Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel ( Palestinian territories ) Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Europe Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Jersey Kosovo Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Netherlands Norway Malta Moldova Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom ( England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland ) North America Antigua & Barbuda Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Trinidad and Tobago United States Latin America Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Oceania Australia East Timor Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Catholicism portal The Catholic Church in Canada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope. As of 2011, it has the largest number of adherents to a Christian denomination and a religion in Canada, with 38.7 % of Canadians ( 12.73 million ) baptized as Catholics. There are 52 dioceses and about 8,000 priests in Canada. Contents 1 History 1.1 Anti-Catholicism 1.2 French versus Irish 1.3 Newfoundland 2 Population 3 Organization 3.1 Eastern dioceses 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 References 7 Sources and external links History Catholicism arrived in Canada in 1497, when John Cabot landed on Newfoundland, raised the Venetian and Papal banners and claimed the land for his sponsor King Henry VII of England, while recognizing the religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church. A letter of John Day states that Cabot landed on 24 June 1497 and `` went ashore with a crucifix and raised banners bearing the arms of the Holy Father ''. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the first Catholic colony in Quebec City. In 1611, he established a fur trading post on the Island of Montreal, which later became a Catholic colony for trade and missionary activity. In 1620, George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore purchased a tract of land in Newfoundland from Sir William Vaughan and established a colony, calling it Avalon, after the legendary spot where Christianity was introduced to Britain. In 1627 Calvert brought two Roman Catholic priests to Avalon. This was the first continuous Roman Catholic ministry in British North America. Despite the severe religious conflicts of the period, Calvert secured the right of Catholics to practice their religion unimpeded in Newfoundland, and embraced the novel principle of religious tolerance, which he wrote into the Charter of Avalon and the later Charter of Maryland. The Colony of Avalon was thus the first North American jurisdiction to practice religious tolerance. Anti-catholicism Further information : Anti-Catholicism § Canada Fears of the Catholic Church were quite strong in the 19th century, especially among Presbyterian and other Protestant Irish immigrants across Canada. In 1853, the Gavazzi Riots left 10 dead in Quebec in the wake of Catholic Irish protest against anti-Catholic speeches by ex-monk Alessandro Gavazzi. The major flashpoint was public support for Catholic French language schools. Although the Confederation Agreement of 1867 guaranteed the status of Catholic schools where they had been legalized, disputes erupted in numerous provinces, especially in the Manitoba Schools Question in the 1890s and Ontario in the 1910s. In Ontario, Regulation 17 was a regulation by the Ontario Ministry of Education, that restricted the use of French as a language of instruction to the first two years of schooling. French Canada reacted vehemently, and lost, dooming its French language Catholic schools. This became a central reason why French Canada distanced itself from the war effort, as its young men refused to enlist. Protestant elements succeeded in blocking the growth of French - language Catholic public schools. However, the Irish Catholics generally supported the English language position advocated by the Protestants. French versus Irish Saint Joseph 's Oratory in Montreal is Canada 's largest church The central theme of Catholic history from the 1840s through the 1920s was the contest for control of the church between the French, based in Quebec, and the English - speaking Irish ( along with smaller numbers of Catholic Scots, English, and others ) based in Ontario. The French Catholics saw Catholics in general as God 's chosen people ( versus Protestants ) and the French as more truly Catholic than any other ethnic group. The fact that the Irish Catholics formed coalition with the anti-French Protestants further infuriated the French. The Irish Catholics collaborated with Protestants inside Canada, on the school issue : they opposed French language Catholic schools. The Irish had a significant advantage since they were favoured by the Vatican. Irish Catholicism was `` ultramontane '', which meant its adherents professed total obedience to the Pope. By contrast, the French bishops in Canada kept their distance from the Vatican. In the form of Regulation 17 this became the central issue that finally alienated the French in Quebec from the Canadian Anglophone establishment during the First World War. Ontario 's Catholics were led by the Irish Bishop Fallon, who united with the Protestants in opposing French schools. Regulation 17 was repealed in 1927. The French - speakers remain more liberal than the English - speakers to this day, and in addition are also leaving the faith much more quickly. One by one, the Irish took control of the church in each province except for Quebec. Tensions were especially high in Manitoba at the end of the 19th century. In Alberta in the 1920s, a new Irish bishop undermined French language Catholic schooling, and removed the Francophile order of teaching sisters. Newfoundland In the Dominion of Newfoundland ( which was an independent dominion before joining Canada in 1949 ), politics was polarized around religious lines, with the Protestants confronting the Irish Catholics. In 1861, the Protestant governor dismissed the Catholic Liberals from office and the ensuing election was marked by riot and disorder with both the Anglican bishop Edward Feild and Catholic bishop John Thomas Mullock taking partisan stances. The Protestants narrowly elected Hugh Hoyles as the Conservative Prime Minister. Hoyles suddenly reversed his long record of militant Protestant activism and worked to defuse tensions. He shared patronage and power with the Catholics ; all jobs and patronage were split between the various religious bodies on a per capita basis. This ' denominational compromise ' was further extended to education when all religious schools were put on the basis which the Catholics had enjoyed since the 1840s. Alone in North America, Newfoundland had a state funded system of denominational schools. The compromise worked and politics ceased to be about religion and became concerned with purely political and economic issues. Population The Roman Catholic population in Canada in 2001 and 2011. Historical population Year Pop. ± % 1871 1,532,471 -- 1881 1,791,982 + 16.9 % 1891 1,992,017 + 11.2 % 1901 2,229,600 + 11.9 % 1911 2,833,041 + 27.1 % 1921 3,389,626 + 19.6 % 1931 4,102,960 + 21.0 % 1941 4,806,431 + 17.1 % 1951 6,069,496 + 26.3 % 1961 8,342,826 + 37.5 % 1971 9,974,895 + 19.6 % 1981 11,210,385 + 12.4 % 1991 12,203,620 + 8.9 % 2001 12,936,910 + 6.0 % 2011 12,810,705 − 1.0 % Province 2001 2011 % Change 2001 - 2011 % 2001 % 2011 Δ % Change 2001 - 2011 Quebec 5,939,715 5,766,750 - 2.9 % 83.4 % 74.5 % - 8.9 % Ontario 3,911,760 3,948,975 + 1.0 % 34.7 % 31.2 % - 3.5 % Alberta 786,360 850,355 + 8.1 % 26.7 % 23.8 % - 2.9 % British Columbia 675,320 679,310 + 0.6 % 17.5 % 15.0 % - 2.5 % New Brunswick 386,050 366,000 - 5.2 % 53.6 % 49.7 % - 3.9 % Nova Scotia 328,700 297,655 - 9.4 % 36.6 % 32.8 % - 3.8 % Manitoba 323,690 294,495 - 9.0 % 29.3 % 25.0 % - 4.3 % Saskatchewan 305,390 287,190 - 6.0 % 31.7 % 28.5 % - 3.2 % Newfoundland and Labrador 187,440 181,550 - 3.1 % 36.9 % 35.8 % - 1.1 % Prince Edward Island 63,265 58,880 - 6.9 % 47.4 % 42.9 % - 4.5 % Northwest Territories 16,990 15,755 - 7.2 % 45.8 % 38.7 % - 7.1 % Nunavut 6,215 7,580 + 22.0 % 23.3 % 23.9 % + 0.6 % Yukon 6,015 6,095 + 1.3 % 21.1 % 18.3 % - 2.8 % Canada 12,936,905 12,728,885 - 1.6 % 43.6 % 38.7 % - 4.9 % The Catholic population underwent its first recorded drop between 2001 and 2011. Notable trends include the de-Catholicization of Quebec, a drop in the Catholic population in small provinces with stagnant populations, and a rise in Catholics in the large English - speaking provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta. Immigration has not helped prevent the decline in the Catholic population ; the only major source of Catholic immigrants to Canada is the Philippines. There are also adherents of Eastern Catholic Churches who had already migrated to Canada, most notably the Ukrainians. Organization See also : List of Catholic dioceses in Canada Within Canada, the Latin hierarchy consists of : Archdiocese Diocese Edmonton Calgary Saint Paul Gatineau Amos Mont - Laurier Rouyn - Noranda Grouard - McLennan Mackenzie - Fort Smith Whitehorse Halifax - Yarmouth Antigonish Charlottetown Keewatin - Le - Pas Churchill - Baie d'Hudson Moosonee Kingston Alexandria - Cornwall Peterborough Sault Sainte Marie Moncton Bathurst ( formerly Diocese of Chatham ) Edmundston Saint John Montréal Joliette Saint - Jean - Longueuil Saint - Jérôme Valleyfield Ottawa Hearst Pembroke Timmins Québec Chicoutimi Sainte - Anne - de-la - Pocatière Trois Rivières Regina Prince - Albert Saskatoon Rimouski Baie - Comeau Gaspé Saint - Boniface St. John 's Grand Falls Corner Brook and Labrador Sherbrooke Nicolet Saint - Hyacinthe Toronto Hamilton London Saint Catharines Thunder Bay Vancouver Kamloops Nelson Prince George Victoria Winnipeg ( not Metropolitan ) There is a Military Ordinariate of Canada for Canadian military personnel. The Anglican use of the Latin Church is served from the United States, based in Houston, Texas, by the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter. One former Canadian bishopric, the francophone Roman Catholic Diocese of Gravelbourg in Saskatchewan, has since its suppression in 1998 become a titular episcopal see, which may be bestowed on any Latin bishop without proper diocese, working in the Roman Curia or anywhere in the world. Eastern dioceses There is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic ( Byzantine Rite ) province, headed by the Metropolitan Archeparchy of Winnipeg, which has four suffragan eparchies ( dioceses ) : Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of New Westminster Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saskatoon Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Toronto and Eastern Canada in Toronto. There are 4 other eparchies and 2 exarchates in Canada : also Byzantine rite : ( Greek - ) Melkite Eparchy of Saint - Sauveur de Montréal, immediately subject to the Melkite Patriarch of Antioch Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto, directly subject to the Metropolitan sui juris of Prešov Antiochian Rite : Maronite Eparchy of Saint - Maron de Montréal, immediately subject to the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch Chaldean Rite : Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mar Addai of Toronto, directly dependent on the Patriarch of Babylon Syrian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate for Canada ( directly dependent on the Holy See ) Syro - Malabar Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Canada ( directly dependent on the Holy See ) A few Eastern particular church communities are pastorally served from the United States : Armenian Rite : Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Nareg in New York, directly subject to the Patriarch of Cilicia Byzantine : Romanian Catholic Eparchy of St George 's in Canton, bishopric for the diaspora in North America ( including Canada ), with cathedral see in Canton, Ohio See also List of Catholic dioceses in Canada Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops List of Catholic dioceses ( structured view ) List of Canadian Roman Catholic saints Catholic sisters and nuns in Canada Catholic Press Association of the United States and Canada Protestantism in Canada Further reading Bramadat, Paul, and David Seljak, eds. Christianity and Ethnicity in Canada ( 2008 ) Clarke, Brian P. Piety and Nationalism : Lay Voluntary Associations and the Creation of an Irish catholic Community in Toronto, 1850 - 1895 ( McGill - Queen 's University Press, 1993 ) Fay, Terence J. A History of Canadian Catholics : Gallicanism, Romanism, and Canadianism ( 2002 ) excerpt and text search Gardaz, Michel. `` Religious studies in Francophone Canada. '' Religion 41 # 1 ( 2011 ) : 53 - 70. Huel, Raymond. Archbishop A-A Tache of St. Boniface : The `` Good Fight '' and the Illusive Vision ( University of Alberta Press, 2003 ). Jaenen, Cornelius J. The Role of the Church in New France ( McGraw - Hill Ryerson, 1976 ) Johnston, Angus Anthony. A History of the Catholic Church in Eastern Nova Scotia ; Volume I : 1611 - 1827 ( 1960 ) Johnston, A.B.J. Life and Religion at Louisbourg, 1713 - 1758 ( MGill - Queen 's University Press, 1996 ) Lahey, Raymond J. The First Thousand Years : A Brief History of the Catholic Church in Canada ( 2002 ) Laverdure, Paul. `` Achille Delaere and the Origins of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Western Canada. '' Historical Papers ' ( 2004 ). online McGowan, Mark. Michael Power : The Struggle to Build the Catholic Church on the Canadian Frontier ( McGill - Queen 's Press - MQUP, 2005 ) McGowan, Mark G. `` `` Pregnant with Perils '' : Canadian Catholicism and Its Relation to the Catholic Churches of Newfoundland, 1840 - 1949. '' Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 28.2 ( 2013 ). online McGowan, Mark G. `` Rendering Unto Caesar : Catholics, the State, and the Idea of a Christian Canada. '' Historical Papers ( 2011 ). online McGowan, Mark George and Brian P. Clarke, eds. Catholics at the Gathering Place : Historical Essays on the Archdiocese of Toronto, 1841 - 1991 ( Dundurn, 1993 ) McGowan, Mark George. `` Rethinking Catholic - Protestant Relations in Canada : The Episcopal Reports of 1900 - 1901. '' Canadian Catholic Historical Assoc., ( 1992 ) online McGowan, Mark G. `` A Short History of Catholic Schools in Ontario. '' online McGowan, Mark G. `` Rendering Unto Caesar : Catholics, the State, and the Idea of a Christian Canada. '' Historical Papers ( 2011 ). online McGowan, Mark G. `` The Maritimes Region and the Building of a Canadian Church : The Case of the Diocese of Antigonish after confederation. '' Canadian Catholic Historical Association ( 2004 ) : 46 - 67. online Morice, A G. History Of The Catholic Church In Western Canada : From Lake Superior To The Pacific ( 1659 -- 1895 ) ( 2 vol ; reprint Nabu Press, 2010 ) Murphy, Terrence, and Gerald Stortz, eds, Creed and Culture : The Place of English - Speaking Catholics in Canadian Society, 1750 -- 1930 ( 1993 ), articles by scholars Pearson, Timothy G. Becoming Holy in Early Canada ( McGill - Queen 's Press - MQUP, 2014. ) Perin, Roberto. Rome in Canada : the Vatican and Canadian affairs in the late Victorian age ( U of Toronto Press, 1990 ) Trofimenkoff, Susan Mann. The Dream of Nation : A Social and Intellectual History of Quebec ( 1982 ). passim, esp pp 115 -- 31 References Jump up ^ P D'Epiro, M.D. Pinkowish, `` Sprezzatura : 50 ways Italian genius shaped the world '' pp. 179 -- 180 Jump up ^ `` George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert : Barons Baltimore of Baltimore ''. New York : Dodd, Mead, and Company. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Sir George Calvert and the Colony of Avalon ''. heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 23. Jump up ^ J.R. Miller, `` Anti-Catholic Thought in Victorian Canada '' in Canadian Historical Review 65, no. 4. ( December 1985 ), p. 474 + Jump up ^ Bernard Aspinwall, `` Rev. Alessandro Gavazzi ( 1808 -- 1889 ) and Scottish Identity : A Chapter in Nineteenth Century Anti-Catholicism. '' Recusant History 28 # 1 ( 2006 ) : 129 - 152 Jump up ^ Dan Horner, `` Contesting Authority in the Aftermath of Montreal 's Gavazzi Riot. '' Histoire sociale / social history 44.1 ( 2011 ) : 29 - 52. Jump up ^ Margaret Prang, `` Clerics, Politicians, and the Bilingual Schools Issue in Ontario, 1910 -- 1917. '' Canadian Historical Review 41.4 ( 1960 ) : 281 - 307. Jump up ^ Robert Craig Brown, and Ramsay Cook, Canada, 1896 - 1921 : A nation transformed ( 1974 ) pp 253 - 62 Jump up ^ Jack Cecillon, `` Turbulent Times in the Diocese of London : Bishop Fallon and the French - Language Controversy, 1910 -- 18 ''. Ontario History ( 1995 ) 87 # 4 pp : 369 -- 395. Jump up ^ Terence Fay, A History of Canadian Catholics ( 2002 ) Jump up ^ Gordon L. Heath ( 2014 ). Canadian Churches and the First World War. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 82 -- 83. Jump up ^ Robert Choquette, Language and religion : a history of English - French conflict in Ontario ( Univ of Ottawa Press, 1975 ). Jump up ^ Cecillon, Jack ( December 1995 ). `` Turbulent Times in the Diocese of London : Bishop Fallon and the French - Language Controversy, 1910 -- 18 ''. Ontario History. 87 ( 4 ) : 369 -- 395. Jump up ^ Barber, Marilyn ( September 1966 ). `` The Ontario Bilingual Schools Issue : Sources of Conflict ''. Canadian Historical Review. 47 ( 3 ) : 227 -- 248. doi : 10.3138 / chr - 047 - 03 - 02. Jump up ^ Jack D. Cecillon, Prayers, Petitions, and Protests : The Catholic Church and the Ontario Schools Crisis in the Windsor Border Region, 1910 - 1928 ( 2013 ) Jump up ^ Henry Wostenberg, `` Language Controversy in the Red Deer Catholic Parish, 1924 - 1932 '' Alberta History ( 2013 ) 61 # 4 online Jump up ^ John P. Greene ( 2001 ). Between Damnation and Starvation : Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745 - 1855. McGill - Queen 's Press. pp. 236 -- 38. Jump up ^ Frederick Jones, `` HOYLES, Sir HUGH WILLIAM, '' in Dictionary of Canadian Biography vol. 11, University of Toronto / Université Laval, 2003 --, accessed May 25, 2015, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hoyles_hugh_william_11E.html. Jump up ^ Statistics Canada ( 2001 ). `` Population by religion, by province and territory ( 2001 Census ) ''. Jump up ^ Statistics Canada ( 2011 ). `` 2011 National Household Survey : Data tables ''. Sources and external links GigaCatholic Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catholic Church in Canada. 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Question: where was the first church in canada created
Answer: Quebec City