Federal Bureau of Prisons - wikipedia Federal Bureau of Prisons Federal Bureau of Prisons Seal of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Flag of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Agency overview Formed 1930 ; 87 years ago ( 1930 ) Headquarters Washington, D.C., U.S. Motto Correctional Excellence. Respect. Integrity. Employees 40,060 Annual budget 7.3 billion USD ( FY 2016 ) Agency executives Maj. Gen. Mark S. Inch, Director Deputy Director, Vacant Parent agency Department of Justice Website www.bop.gov The Federal Home Loan Bank Board Building, which houses the main office of the Federal Bureau of Prisons in Washington, D.C. The Federal Bureau of Prisons ( BOP ) is a United States federal law enforcement agency. A subdivision of the U.S. Department of Justice, the BOP is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. The system handles inmates who have violated, or are accused of violating, federal law. The BOP also holds inmates who have committed felonies in Washington, D.C. The BOP is also responsible for carrying out all judicially ordered federal executions ( other than those carried out under military law ) in the United States. As of 2017 the BOP is headed by Maj. Gen. Mark S. Inch. Contents 1 History 2 Administration and employees 3 Types of federal prisons 4 Inmate population 4.1 Female inmates 4.2 Juvenile inmates 4.3 Death row inmates 4.4 Overpopulation and responses 5 See also 6 References 7 Notes 8 Further reading 9 External links History The Federal Prison System existed for more than 30 years before the BOP was established. Although its wardens functioned almost autonomously, the Superintendent of Prisons, a Department of Justice official in Washington, was nominally in charge of Federal prisons, starting with the passage of the `` Three Prisons Act ' in 1891, which authorized the Federal Government 's first three penitentiaries : USP Leavenworth, USP Atlanta, and USP McNeil Island with limited supervision by the United States Department of Justice afterwards. Until 1907, prison matters were handled by the Justice Department 's General Agent. The General Agent was responsible for Justice Department accounts, oversight of internal operations, and certain criminal investigations, as well as prison operations. In 1907, the General Agent 's office was abolished, and its functions were distributed among three new offices : the Division of Accounts ( which evolved into the Justice Management Division ) ; the Office of the Chief Examiner ( which later evolved by 1908, into the Bureau of Investigation, and later by the early 1920s into the Federal Bureau of Investigation ) ; and the Office of the Superintendent of Prisons and Prisoners, later called the Superintendent of Prisons ( which then evolved by 1930 into the Bureau of Prisons ). The exterior of Federal Correctional Institution, Milan Pursuant to Pub. L. No. 71 - 218, 46 Stat. 325 ( 1930 ), the Bureau of Prisons was established by the U.S. Congress within the U.S. Department of Justice ( which itself was created in 1870, to be headed by the Attorney General, whose office was first established in the first Presidential Cabinet under President Washington and created in 1789, along with the Secretaries of State, Treasury and War ). The new Prison Bureau was now under the Administration of the 31st President Herbert Hoover, ( 1874 -- 1964 ), and was charged with the `` management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional institutions. '' This responsibility covered the administration of the 11 federal prisons in operation at the time. By the end of the year 1930, the system had already expanded to 14 institutions with 13,000 inmates. By a decade later in 1940, the Federal prison system had 24 institutions with 24,360 incarcerated. The State of Alaska assumed jurisdiction over its corrections on January 3, 1959, using the Alaska Department of Corrections. Prior to statehood, the BOP had correctional jurisdiction over Alaska. As a result of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and subsequent legislation which pushed for longer sentences, less judicial discretion, and more harsh sentences for drug - related offenses, the federal inmate population doubled in the 1980s and again in the 1990s. The population increase has decelerated since the early 2000s but the federal inmate population continues to grow. National Capital Revitalization and Self - Government Improvement Act of 1997 transferred responsibility for adult felons convicted of violating District of Columbia laws to the BOP. Administration and employees In August 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions named retired Maj. Gen. Mark S. Inch as the BOP 's new director. Inch previously served as Provost Marshal General, Commanding General of the Criminal Investigation Command and Army Corrections at Headquarters for the Department of the Army, and Commanding General of the Combined Joint Interagency Task Force 435 in Kabul, Afghanistan where he was responsible for Detainee Operations and Rule of Law Development within the Army 's Security Sector. As of 2015, 63 % of BOP employees are white, 22 % are black, 12 % are Hispanic, 2 % are Asian and 1 % identify as another race. 73 % are male. All BOP employees undergo 200 hours of formal training in their first year of employment. Employees must also complete additional 120 hours of training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center ( FLETC ) in Glynco, Georgia. Types of federal Prisons Main article : List of U.S. federal prisons The United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners, a unit for male prisoners requiring medical care The BOP has five security levels. Federal Prison Camps ( FPCs ), the BOP minimum - security facilities, feature a lack of or a limited amount of perimeter fencing, and a relatively low staff - to - inmate ratio. Low - security Federal Correctional Institutions ( FCIs ) have double - fenced perimeters, and inmates live in mostly cubicle or dormitory housing. Medium - security FCIs and some United States Penitentiaries ( USPs ) are classified to hold medium - security inmates. The medium facilities have strengthened perimeters, which often consist of double fences with electronic detection systems. Medium - security facilities mostly have cell housing. Most U.S. Penitentiaries are classified as high - security facilities. The perimeters, highly secured, often have reinforced fences or walls. Federal Correctional Complexes ( FCCs ) are co-locations of BOP facilities with different security levels and / or genders. Some units have small, minimum - security camps, known as `` satellite camps, '' adjacent to the main facilities. Twenty - eight BOP institutions hold female inmates. As of 2010 about 15 % of the inmates under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Prisons are in facilities operated by third parties. Most of them are in facilities operated by private companies. Others are in facilities operated by local and state governments. Some are in Residential Reentry Centers ( RRC ) ( AKA : Community Corrections Centers ) operated by private companies. The bureau uses contract facilities to manage its own prison population. The bureau stated that contract facilities are `` especially useful '' for housing low - security, specialized groups of people, such as sentenced criminal aliens. Inmate population As of 2016, US federal prisons currently hold approximately 190,000 inmates in 122 facilities. As of 2016, 59 % of federal inmates are white and 38 % are black ; 93 % are male. Also as of 2016, 75 % of federal inmates are between the ages of 26 and 50. As of October 2016, 46 % of the inmates are incarcerated for committing drug crimes. As of August 2013, of the male inmates, 15 % were housed in the Northeast, 19 % were housed in the Southeast, 16 % were housed in the Mid-Atlantic region, 12 % were housed in the North Central region, 24 % were housed in the South Central region, and 13 % were housed in the Western region. Of the female inmates, 9 % were housed in the Northeast, 22 % were housed in the Southeast, 17 % were housed in the Mid-Atlantic region, 11 % were housed in the North Central region, 23 % were housed in the South Central region, and 18 % were housed in the Western region. As of August 2013, of the male inmates, 13 % received sentences while being in the Northeast, 10 % of men received them in the Southeast, 11 % received them in the Mid-Atlantic region, 12 % received them in the North Central region, 28 % received them in the South Central region, and 26 % were sentenced in the Western region. Of the female inmates, 13 % received sentences while being in the Northeast, 13 % of women received them in the Southeast, 13 % received them in the Mid-Atlantic region, 14 % received them in the North Central region, 26 % received them in the South Central region, and 22 % were sentenced in the Western region. As of 1999 14,000 prisoners were in 16 federal prisons in the state of Texas. As of 2010 felons sentenced under D.C. law made up almost 8,000 prisoners, or about 6 % of the total BOP population, and they resided in 90 facilities. The BOP receives all prisoner transfer treaty inmates sent from foreign countries, even if their crimes would have been, if committed in the United States, tried in state, DC, or territorial courts. Female inmates See also : Incarceration of women in the United States As of 2015, 27 BOP facilities house women. The BOP has a Mothers and Infants Nurturing Together ( MINT ) program for women who enter the BOP as inmates while pregnant. The BOP only pays for abortion if it is life - threatening for the woman, but it may allow for abortions in non-life - threatening cases if non-BOP funds are used. With the 2014 repurposing of FCI Danbury for men, female inmates in the Northeast no longer had a prison in their region, and the imbalance of female inmates in regards to their locations in the BOP increased. In 2017, four senators of the Democrat Party, including Kamala Harris, introduced a bill explicitly requiring tampons and pads to be free of cost for female prisoners. In August of that year, the BOP introduced a memorandum requiring free tampons and pads. The previous 1996 memorandum stated `` products for female hygiene needs shall be available '' without requiring them to be free of charge. Juvenile inmates As of 2010 typically juveniles sent into BOP custody are between 17 and 20, must have been under 18 at the time of the offense and had been convicted of sex - related offenses. This is because the most severe crimes committed on Indian Reservations are usually taken to federal court. According to the BOP, most of the juveniles it receives had committed violent crimes and had `` an unfavorable history of responding to interventions and preventive measures in the community. '' As of that year most federal juvenile inmates were from Arizona, Montana, South Dakota, and the District of Columbia ( in no particular order ). The BOP contracts with facilities that house juvenile offenders. Title 18 U.S.C. 5039 specifies that `` No juvenile committed, whether pursuant to an adjudication of delinquency or conviction for an offense, to the custody of the Attorney General may be placed or retained in an adult jail or correctional institution in which he has regular contact with adults incarcerated because they have been convicted of a crime or are awaiting trial on criminal charges. '' The definition includes secure facilities and community - based correctional facilities. Federally sentenced juveniles may be moved into federal adult facilities at certain points ; juveniles sentenced as adults are moved into adult facilities when they turn 18. Juveniles sentenced as juveniles are moved into adult facilities when they turn 21. Death row inmates United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, the location of the federal death row for men and the federal execution chamber Main article : Capital punishment by the United States federal government The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 reinstituted the federal death penalty. On July 19, 1993, the federal government designated the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute in Indiana as the site where male federal inmates sentenced to death would be held and where federal inmates of both genders would be executed. The Federal Medical Center, Carswell in Texas holds the female inmates who have been sentenced to death. Some male death row inmates are instead held at ADX Florence. As of 2016, only 56 inmates are slated for death row. Overpopulation and responses Parole was abolished for federal inmates in 1987 and inmates must serve at least 85 % of their original sentence before being considered for good - behavior release. In addition, strict - sentencing guidelines were adopted in response to rising crime rates in the 1980s and early 1990s, especially for drug - related offenses. US violent crime has dropped since then, but some analysts and activists believe that other factors played a much more significant part in falling crime rates. In addition, they hold that strict federal sentencing guidelines have led to overcrowding and needlessly incarcerated thousands of non-violent drug offenders who would be better served by drug treatment programs. The yearly increases in the federal inmate population have raised concerns from criminal justice experts and even among DOJ officials themselves. Michael Horowitz, the DOJ Inspector General, wrote a memorandum concerning this issue : First, despite a slight decrease in the total number of federal inmates in fiscal year ( FY ) 2014, the Department projects that the costs of the federal prison system will continue to increase in the years ahead, consuming a large share of the Department 's budget. Second, federal prisons remain significantly overcrowded and therefore face a number of important safety and security issues. See also Government of the United States portal Prisons portal Federal crime in the United States List of U.S. federal prisons Incarceration in the United States List of United States federal law enforcement agencies National Institute of Corrections UNICOR ( Federal Prison Industries, Inc. ) References Arons, Anna, Katherine Culver, Emma Kaufman, Jennifer Yun, Hope Metcalf, Megan Quattlebaum, and Judith Resnik. `` Dislocation and Relocation : Women in the Federal Prison System and Repurposing FCI Danbury for Men. '' Yale Law School, Arthur Liman Public Interest Program. September 2014. Notes Jump up ^ `` FY 2016 Budget Summary '' ( PDF ). U.S. Justice Department. ^ Jump up to : `` Attorney General Jeff Sessions Announces General Mark S. Inch as New Federal Bureau of Prisons Director ''. Justice.gov. ^ Jump up to : `` Mark S. Inch selected to serve as the 9th BOP Director ''. BOP.gov. Jump up ^ Wallechinsky D., Straehley S. Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons : Who Is Mark Inch ? AllGov, Wednesday, August 30, 2017 Jump up ^ Roberts, John W. ( 1997 ). `` The Federal Bureau of Prisons : Its Mission, Its History, and Its Partnership with Probation and Pretrial Services ''. Federal Probation. 61 : 53. ISSN 0014 - 9128. OCLC 2062391. Jump up ^ Bosworth, Mary ( 2002 ). The U.S. Federal Prison System. p. 4. ISBN 0761923047. Jump up ^ `` Statutory Authority to Contract With the Private Sector for Secure Facilities ''. United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2013. Jump up ^ `` History of Lemon Creek Correctional Center '' ( Archive ). Alaska Department of Corrections. Retrieved on December 13, 2015. Jump up ^ Delgado, Marlo. `` Federal Bureau of Prisons ''. JailData.com. Retrieved 13 September 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Attorney General Jeff Sessions Announces General Mark S. Inch as New Federal Bureau of Prisons Director ''. United States Justice Dept. Jump up ^ `` Staff Statistics ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons. US Department of Justice. October 29, 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` World - class correctional instruction ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons : About Our Facilities. US Department of Justice. Retrieved 2 November 2015. Jump up ^ `` Prison Types & General Information Archived September 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine... '' Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved May 21, 2010. Jump up ^ `` CI Rivers Contact Information. '' Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved January 12, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Population Statistics ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved 9 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` BOP : Our Locations ''. www.bop.gov. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Federal Bureau of Prisons : Inmates Statistics ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons. US Department of Justice. October 29, 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015. Jump up ^ `` BOP Statistics : Average Inmate Age ''. www.bop.gov. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 10. Jump up ^ `` BOP Statistics : Inmate Offenses ''. www.bop.gov. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 10. ^ Jump up to : Arons, et al, p. 6 -- 7. Jump up ^ Tedford, Deborah. `` Opening of U.S. detention center delivers some much - needed space. '' Houston Chronicle. October 16, 1999. p. A35 MetFront. NewsBank Record : 3171576. Available from the Houston Public Library, accessible with a library card. `` Sixteen of the nation 's 94 federal prisons are in Texas and house 14,000 convicts, Marler said. '' Jump up ^ Fornaci, Philip ( Director of the DC Prisoners ' Project ). `` Federal Bureau of Prisons Oversight Hearing '' ( Archive ). Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary. July 21, 2009. Retrieved on February 5, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Transfer Of State Prisoners. '' United States Department of Justice. Retrieved on April 14, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Female offenders. '' Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on December 13, 2015. Jump up ^ Tolan, Casey ( 2017 - 08 - 11 ). `` Bureau of Prisons requires free tampons for female inmates, following Harris bill ''. Mercury News. Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12. Jump up ^ `` Juveniles in the Bureau ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 1, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Community Corrections FAQs Archived 2010 - 12 - 02 at the Wayback Machine... '' Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved September 14, 2010. Jump up ^ `` The Bureau Celebrates 80th Anniversary Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine... '' Federal Bureau of Prisons. May 14, 2010. Retrieved on October 3, 2010. Jump up ^ Sargent, Hillary and Dialynn Dwyer. `` Tsarnaev moved to supermax prison. Here 's how he 'll live '' ( Archive ). Boston Globe. July 17, 2015. Retrieved on December 13, 2015. Jump up ^ `` BOP Statistics : Sentences Imposed ''. www.bop.gov. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Federal Bureau of Prisons - Statistics ''. Federal Bureau of Prisons. US Department of Justice. November 2, 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015. Jump up ^ La Vigne, Nancy ; Samuels, Julie ( December 12, 2012 ). `` The Growth & Increasing Cost of the Federal Prison System : Drivers and Potential Solutions '' ( PDF ). urban.org. Retrieved 2 November 2015. Jump up ^ Schwartzapfel, Beth ( July 23, 2015 ). `` Federal Prisons Could Release 1,000 Times More Drug Offenders Than Obama Did ''. The Marshall Project. Retrieved 2 November 2015. Jump up ^ Cohen, Andrew ( November 17, 2014 ). `` Obama 's Prison Crisis ''. The Marshall Project. Retrieved 2 November 2015. Further reading The Federal Prison Population Buildup : Overview, Policy Changes, Issues, and Options, Congressional Research Service Atlanta Federal Penitentiary Inmate Case Files, 1902 -- 1921 at the National Archives at Atlanta External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federal Bureau of Prisons. Official website ( Mobile ) Federal Bureau of Prisons in the Federal Register Federal Bureau of Prisons Administrative Facilities MDC Brooklyn FMC Butner FMC Carswell MCC Chicago FMC Devens MDC Guaynabo FDC Honolulu FDC Houston FMC Lexington MDC Los Angeles Metropolitan Detention Centers FDC Miami MCC New York FDC Oakdale FTC Oklahoma City FDC Philadelphia FMC Rochester MCC San Diego FDC SeaTac United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners Correctional Complexes Allenwood Beaumont Butner Coleman Florence Forrest City Lompoc Oakdale Petersburg Pollock Terre Haute Tucson Victorville Yazoo City Correctional Institutions Aliceville Allenwood Ashland Bastrop Beaumont Beckley Bennettsville Berlin Big Spring Butner Coleman Cumberland Danbury Dublin Edgefield El Reno Elkton Englewood Estill Fairton Florence Forrest City Fort Dix Fort Worth Gilmer Greenville Hazelton Herlong Jesup La Tuna Lompoc Loretto Manchester Marianna McDowell McKean Memphis Mendota Miami Milan Morgantown Oakdale Otisville Oxford Pekin Petersburg Phoenix Pollock Ray Brook Safford Sandstone Schuylkill Seagoville Sheridan Talladega Tallahassee Terminal Island Terre Haute Texarkana Three Rivers Tucson Victorville Waseca Williamsburg Yazoo City Penitentiaries Alcatraz Allenwood Atlanta Atwater Beaumont Big Sandy Canaan Coleman ADX Florence Florence High Hazelton Leavenworth Lee Lewisburg Lompoc Marion McCreary McNeil Island Corrections Center Pollock Terre Haute Tucson Victorville Prison Camps Alderson Bryan Duluth Eglin Montgomery Nellis Pensacola Yankton Private Facilities Adams County Big Spring Cibola County D. Ray James Eden Giles W. Dalby Great Plains McRae Moshannon Valley Reeves County Rivers Taft Related List of U.S. federal prisons Federal Bureau of Prisons Program Statement Lopez v. Davis National Institute of Corrections Special Operations Response Team Incarceration of adults in the United States This template pertains only to agencies that handle sentenced felons ( with sentences over 1 - 2 years ). In many states, pre-trial detainees, persons convicted of misdemeanors, and persons sentenced under state law to fewer than one year are held in county jails instead of state prisons. Federal Bureau of Prisons List of U.S. federal prisons Federal Prison Industries State correction agencies Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Colombia Felons : Federal Bureau of Prisons, Misdemeanants : District of Columbia DOC Insular areas American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Military prisons List of U.S. military prisons Guantanamo Bay State prisons List of U.S. state prisons See also Immigration detention in the United States Category Commons United States portal Prisons portal Incarceration of juveniles in the United States Federal Bureau of Prisons List of U.S. federal prisons Corrections by U.S. state Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Federal District Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services Insular Areas Guam Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Military facilities Guantanamo Bay Category Commons United States portal Prisons portal Agencies under the United States Department of Justice Headquarters : Robert F. 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Question: who has the power to establish a prison system
Answer: The Federal Bureau of Prisons