Politics of Ecuador - Wikipedia Politics of Ecuador This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( June 2013 ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2013 ) Ecuador This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Ecuador Constitution History Human rights Presidency President Lenín Moreno Vice President María Alejandra Vicuña Cabinet Legislative National Assembly President José Serrano Judiciary Supreme Court Constitutional Tribunal Elections Political parties Recent elections 2017 ( general ) 2013 ( general ) 2009 ( general ) 2007 ( constituent assembly ) Recent referendums 2017 ( tax haven ) 2011 ( popular consultation ) 2008 ( constitution ) 2007 ( constituent assembly ) Administrative divisions Provinces Cantons Parishes Foreign relations Correa 's foreign policy Other countries Atlas The politics of Ecuador are multi-party. The central government polity is a four - yearly elected presidential, unicameral representative democracy. The President of Ecuador is head of state and head of government on a multi-party system, leading a cabinet with further executive power. Legislative power is not limited to the National Assembly as it may to a lesser degree be exercised by the executive which consists of the President convening an appointed executive cabinet. Subsequent acts of the National Assembly are supreme over Executive Orders where sufficient votes have been cast by the legislators. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There is also constitutional republic The constitution of Ecuador provides for a four - year term of office for the President, Vice President, and members of the National Assembly with concurrent elections. Presidents and legislators may be re-elected immediately. Citizens must be at least 16 years of age to vote : suffrage is universal and compulsory for literate persons aged 18 to 65 and optional for 16 and 17 years of age and other eligible voters. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Ecuador as `` hybrid regime '' in 2016. Contents 1 Political conditions 2 Judicial branch 3 Executive branch 4 Legislative branch 4.1 History 5 Political parties and elections 6 Administrative divisions 7 Legal system 8 Female representation in the Assembly 9 International organization participation 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Political conditions Ecuador 's political parties have historically been small, loose organizations that depended more on populist, often charismatic, leaders to retain support than on programs or ideology. Frequent internal splits have produced extreme factionalism. However, a pattern has emerged in which administrations from the center - left alternate with those from the center - right. Although Ecuador 's political elite is highly factionalized along regional, ideological, and personal lines, a strong desire for consensus on major issues often leads to compromise. Opposition forces in Congress are loosely organized, but historically they often unite to block the administration 's initiatives and to remove cabinet ministers. Constitutional changes enacted by a specially elected National Constitutional Assembly in 1998 took effect on August 10, 1998. The new constitution strengthens the executive branch by eliminating mid-term congressional elections and by circumscribing Congress ' power to challenge cabinet ministers. Party discipline is traditionally weak, and routinely many deputies switch allegiance during each Congress. However, after the new Constitution took effect, the Congress passed a Code of Ethics which imposes penalties on members who defy their party leadership on key votes. Beginning with the 1996 election, the more indigenous, less Spanish - rooted, ethnic groups abandoned their traditional policy of shunning the official political system and participated actively. The indigenous population has established itself as a significant force in Ecuadorian politics, as shown by the selection of indigenous representative Nina Pacari, who led the indigenous political party, Pachakutik, as second vice president of the 1998 Congress. A presidential election was held on October 15 and November 26, 2006. Rafael Correa defeated Alvaro Noboa in a run - off election, or second and final round. Correa won with 56.8 % of the vote. There was an attempted coup against President Rafael Correa in 2010. Correa became the first president in decades to win re-election and complete multiple full terms. He enjoyed a long period of sustained high approval ratings and stability before plummeting oil prices, proposed tax increases, and accusations of increasingly authoritarian behavior sparked protests and eroded his popularity in the final two years of his presidency. Judicial branch New justices of the Supreme Court are elected by the sitting members of the court. A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President Lucio Gutiérrez in December 2004, ousted 27 of the 31 justices and replaced them with new members chosen by Congress, notwithstanding the lack of any provisions permitting impeachment of Supreme Court justices by Congress and the specific provisions giving the Court the power to select new members. Earlier, in November 2004, Congress replaced the majority of judges on the country 's Electoral Court and Constitutional Court by a similar process. After the adoption of a new Constitution in 2008, the judicial branch of the country was completely renewed. Now it has a cooperative leadership having a judicial and an administrative head. First you have the National Court of Justice, which seats 21 judges elected for a period of 9 years. They are elected by the Judiciary Council based on a merits contest held by that office. They are the final stage of any judicial process serving as a Court of Cassation and create binding precedent based on Triple Reiterative Rulings from the Chambers of the Court. The President of the Court is elected amongst the members of the Court for a Period of 3 years where he will represent the Judicial Branch before the State. The current president of the National Court of Justice is Dr. Carlos Ruiz. Second, you have the administrative branch of the Judicial Power, which consists of The Judiciary Council. The Council is formed by 9 Vocals who are elected by the Branch of Transparency and Social Control, which is formed by the Control Authorities of the State. The Vocals are elected also by a merits contest and it shall be formed by six experts in law and 3 experts in management, economics and other related areas. However, after the National Referendum that took place on May 5, 2011, the proposition impulsed by the government of Mr. Correa won and now the Judiciary Council change its formation making a constitutional amendment. Currently a Tri-Party Commission is serving as a Transitional Council with delegates from the Legislative, Executive and Transparency Branch, to reform the broken judicial system of the Country. Finally it is wise to say that there exist a Constitutional Court. However it does not exercise legal revision, but rather constitutional control of situations where constitutional rights are violated. Also they are the sole body in the State to interpret what the Constitution says. Executive branch Carondelet Palace, seats the executive power. Current President of Ecuador, Lenín Moreno Main office holders Office Name Party Since President Lenín Moreno Alianza País 24 May 2017 Vice President Jorge Glas Alianza País 24 May 2013 The president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four - year term ; Lucio Gutiérrez was dramatically removed by an act of Congress on 20 April 2005 ; election last held 20 October 2002 ; runoff election held 24 November 2002 ( next to be held 2006 ) The executive branch includes 28 ministries. Provincial governors and councilors, like mayors and aldermen and parish boards, are directly elected. Congress meets throughout the year except for recess in July and December. There are 20 seven - member congressional committees. Former Vice President Alfredo Palacio assumed the presidency on April 20, 2005 after Congress removed Lucio Gutiérrez amid escalating street protests precipitated by growing criticism of Gutiérrez Supreme Court appointments. Legislative branch Ecuador has a unicameral National Assembly ( Asamblea Nacional in Spanish ). It has 137 members, which are elected by popular vote to serve four - year terms. It is based on provincial constituencies, but it also has members coming from a national list and it has members representing the emigrant community. History On November 29, 2007 the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly dismissed Congress on charges of corruption and then assumed legislative powers for itself. The Constituent Assembly then proposed a new National Assembly, which is the current institution. Political parties and elections For other political parties, see List of political parties in Ecuador. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Ecuador. Administrative divisions Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces : Azuay, Bolívar, Cañar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galápagos Islands, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Ríos, Manabí, Morona - Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Sucumbíos, Tungurahua, Zamora - Chinchipe Santa Elena Province Legal system Ecuador 's legal system is based on the civil law system. Ecuador recently accepted compulsory International Court of Justice jurisdiction. Female representation in the Assembly In 1979, there was no female representation, in 1984 it was only 4.2 %, with three deputies, and in 1986 it was reduced to one female parliamentarian. Between 1988 and 1996 the average was around of 5 %. It increased from 1998 : 13 % in 1998, 18 % in 2003, 26 % in 2006, 35 % in 2007, 29 % in 2009 and 42 % in 2013. In 2017, the leadership is led by three women : Gabriela Rivadeneira, president ; Rosana Alvarado, first vice president and Marcela Aguiñaga, second vice president. International organization participation Ecuador or Ecuadorian organizations participate in the following international organizations : Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas ( ALBA ), Andean Community of Nations ( CAN ), Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ( CELAC ), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ( ECLAC ), Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ), Group of Eleven ( G - 11 ), Group of 77 ( G - 77 ), Inter-American Development Bank ( IADB ), International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( World Bank ), International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ), ICC, ICC, International Red Cross, International Development Association ( IDA ), International Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ), International Finance Corporation ( IFC ), International Hydrographic Organization ( IHO ), International Labour Organization ( ILO ), IMF, International Maritime Organization ( IMO ), International Telecommunications Satellite Organization ( Intelsat ), Interpol, IOC, International Organization for Migration ( IOM ), International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ), International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ), International Trade Union Confederation ( ITUC ), Latin American Economic System ( LAES ), Latin American Integration Association ( LAIA ), Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ), OAS, Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean ( OPANAL ), Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ), Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA ), RG, UNASUR ( headquarters ), United Nations, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ), United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO ), Universal Postal Union ( UPU ), World Federation of Trade Unions ( WFTU ), World Health Organization ( WHO ), World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ), World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), World Tourism Organization ( WToO ), World Trade Organization ( WTO ) See also List of heads of state of Ecuador 1830 Constitution of Ecuador 2008 Constitution of Ecuador References Jump up ^ solutions, EIU digital. `` Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit ''. www.eiu.com. Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 01. Jump up ^ Pugh, Jeff ( 2008 ). `` Vectors of Contestation : Social Movements and Party Systems in Ecuador and Colombia ''. Latin American Essays. 21 : 46 -- 65. Jump up ^ `` Ecuador Exit Polls Show Correa Wins Presidential Vote ( Update2 ) '' Bloomberg Jump up ^ `` Trial by Fire for Ecuador 's President Correa ''. www.counterpunch.org. 2015 - 08 - 26. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 15. Jump up ^ http://ecuadoruniversitario.com/noticias_destacadas/en-ecuador-representacion-femenina-en-la-asamblea-nacional-supera-el-promedio-mundial/ External links National Assembly of Ecuador Presidency of Ecuador Supreme Court of Justice Global Integrity Report : Ecuador has analysis of corruption and anti-corruption in Ecuador Ecuador articles History Gran Colombia Ecuadorian -- Peruvian War Paquisha War Cenepa War 1998 -- 1999 banking crisis Economic history 2010 coup d'état attempt and crisis Geography Birds Cities Climate Earthquakes Environment Islands Mammals Mountains National parks Provinces Rivers Volcanoes Politics Constitution Tribunal Elections Foreign relations LGBT history Military National Congress Political parties President Vice President Economy Banking Central Bank Coffee production Currency Mining Telecommunications Tourism Trade unions Transport airports railways Water supply and sanitation Society Crime Demographics Education Health Religion Social class Culture Cinema Cuisine Dishes and foods Flag Indigenous peoples Newspapers Music Notable people Public holidays Sport Smoking Television Outline Index Portal Politics of the Americas North America South America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Falkland Islands French Guiana Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands US Virgin Islands Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Ecuador&oldid=823095078 '' Categories : Politics of Ecuador Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2013 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Articles needing additional references from June 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Español Français Galego Português Edit links This page was last edited on 30 January 2018, at 05 : 57. 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Question: what is the type of government in ecuador
Answer: four-yearly elected presidential, unicameral representative democracy