Vestibulocochlear nerve - wikipedia Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled. Details To Cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve Innervates Hearing, balance Identifiers Latin Nervus vestibulocochlearis MeSH D000159 NeuroNames 553 TA A14. 2.01. 121 FMA 50869 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) Cranial nerves CN 0 -- Terminal CN I -- Olfactory CN II -- Optic CN III -- Oculomotor CN IV -- Trochlear CN V -- Trigeminal CN VI -- Abducens CN VII -- Facial CN VIII -- Vestibulocochlear CN IX -- Glossopharyngeal CN X -- Vagus CN XI -- Accessory CN XII -- Hypoglossal Overview Table The vestibulocochlear nerve ( auditory vestibular nerve ), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium ( balance ) information from the inner ear to the brain. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Development 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Symptoms of damage 3.2 Examination 4 History 4.1 Etymology 5 See also 6 References 7 Additional images 8 External links Structure The vestibulocochlear nerve consists mostly of bipolar neurons and splits into two large divisions : the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve. Cranial nerve 8, the vestibulocochlear nerve, goes to the middle portion of the brainstem called the pons, ( which then is largely composed of fibers going to the cerebellum ). The 8th cranial nerve runs between the base of the pons ( the middle portion of the brainstem ) and medulla oblongata ( the lower portion of the brainstem ). This junction between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum that contains the 8th nerve is called the cerebellopontine angle. The vestibulocochlear nerve is accompanied by the labyrinthine artery, which usually branches off from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery ( AICA ) at the cerebellopontine angle, and then goes with the 8th nerve through the internal acoustic meatus to the internal ear. The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglia. Processes from the organ of Corti conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia. It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound. The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain ; the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory. The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear. The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs. Three of these are the cristae located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals. Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration. The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae in the utricle activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration while hair cells of the maculae in the saccule respond to vertically directed linear force. Development The vestibulocochlear nerve is derived from the embryonic otic placode. Function This is the nerve along which the sensory cells ( the hair cells ) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance. It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus ( or internal auditory meatus ) in the temporal bone. The vestibulocochlear nerve carries axons of type SSA, special somatic afferent, which carry the modalities of hearing and equilibrium. Clinical significance Symptoms of damage Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the following symptoms : hearing loss vertigo false sense of motion loss of equilibrium ( in dark places ) nystagmus motion sickness gaze - evoked tinnitus. Examination Examinations that can be done include the Rinne test and the Weber test. Rinne 's test involves Rinne 's Right Test and Rinne 's Left Test since auditory acuity is equal in both ears. If Bone Conduction ( BC ) is more than Air Conduction ( AC ) i.e. BC > AC indicates Rinne Test is negative or abnormal. If AC > BC Rinne test is normal or positive. If BC > AC and Weber 's test lateralizes to abnormal side then it is Conductive hearing loss. If AC > BC and Weber 's test lateralizes to normal side then it concludes Sensorineural hearing loss. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( February 2014 ) History Etymology Some older texts call the nerve the acoustic or auditory nerve, but these terms have fallen out of widespread use because they fail to recognize the nerve 's role in the vestibular system. Vestibulocochlear nerve is therefore preferred by most. See also This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology. Auditory system References Jump up ^ Coad, ML ; Lockwood, A ; Salvi, R ; Burkard, R ( 2001 ). `` Characteristics of patients with gaze - evoked tinnitus ''. Otology & Neurotology. 22 ( 5 ) : 650 -- 4. doi : 10.1097 / 00129492 - 200109000 - 00016. PMID 11568674. Jump up ^ `` IX. Neurology. 5h. The Acoustic Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body ''. www.bartleby.com. Additional images Vestibulocochlear nerve Superficial dissection of brain - stem. Ventral view. Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum. Hind - and mid-brains ; postero - lateral view. Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind - and mid-brains ; posterior aspect, exposed in situ. Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above. Vestibulo - ocular reflex Vestibulocochlear nerve External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nervus vestibulocochlearis. MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy / h_n / cn / cn1 / cn8. htm cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman ( Georgetown University ) ( VIII ) Notes on Vestibulocochlear Nerve The cranial nerves Terminal Nuclei septal nuclei Course no significant branches Olfactory Nuclei anterior olfactory nucleus Course olfactory bulb olfactory tract Optic Nuclei lateral geniculate nucleus Course optic chiasm optic tract Oculomotor Nuclei oculomotor nucleus Edinger -- Westphal nucleus Branches superior parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion inferior Trochlear Nucleus Branches no significant branches Trigeminal Nuclei PSN spinal trigeminal nucleus MN TMN Course trigeminal ganglion Branches ophthalmic maxillary mandibular Abducens Nucleus Branches no significant branches Facial Near origin Intermediate nerve Geniculate Inside facial canal Greater petrosal pterygopalatine ganglion Nerve to the stapedius Chorda tympani lingual nerve submandibular ganglion At stylomastoid foramen Posterior auricular Suprahyoid digastric stylohyoid Parotid plexus temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical Nuclei Facial motor nucleus Solitary nucleus Superior salivary nucleus Vestibulocochlear Nuclei vestibular nuclei cochlear nuclei Cochlear nerve striae medullares lateral lemniscus Vestibular Scarpa 's ganglion Glossopharyngeal Before jugular fossa Ganglia superior inferior After jugular fossa Tympanic tympanic plexus lesser petrosal otic ganglion Stylopharyngeal branch Pharyngeal branches Tonsillar branches Lingual branches Carotid sinus Nuclei Nucleus ambiguus Inferior salivatory nucleus Solitary nucleus Vagus Before jugular fossa Ganglia superior inferior After jugular fossa Meningeal branch Auricular branch Neck Pharyngeal branch pharyngeal plexus Superior laryngeal external internal Recurrent laryngeal Superior cervical cardiac Thorax Inferior cardiac Pulmonary Vagal trunks anterior posterior Abdomen Celiac Renal Hepatic Anterior gastric Posterior gastric Nuclei Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Solitary nucleus Accessory Nuclei nucleus ambiguus spinal accessory nucleus Cranial Spinal Hypoglossal Nucleus Branches lingual Physiology of balance and hearing Hearing General Auditory system Bone conduction Otoacoustic emission Tullio phenomenon Pathway inner ear : Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve → pons : Cochlear nucleus ( Anterior, Dorsal ) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei → midbrain : Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → thalamus : Medial geniculate nuclei → cerebrum : Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex Balance General Vestibular system Pathway inner ear : Vestibular nerve → pons : Vestibular nuclei ( Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus ) cerebellum : Flocculonodular lobe spinal cord : Vestibulospinal tract ( Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract ) thalamus : Ventral posterolateral nucleus cerebrum : Vestibular cortex Vestibulo - oculomotor fibers Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vestibulocochlear_nerve&oldid=856047600 '' Categories : Cranial nerves Vestibulocochlear nerve Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties Articles to be expanded from February 2014 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Latina Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Українська 中文 22 more Edit links This page was last edited on 22 August 2018, at 14 : 14 ( UTC ). 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Question: where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull
Answer: via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone