Local government in the Philippines - wikipedia Local government in the Philippines Local government hierarchy in the Philippines. The dashed lines emanating from the president means that the president only exercises general supervision on local government. Map of the Philippines showing provinces Philippines This article is part of a series on the politics and government of the Philippines Constitution Charter Change Laws and legal codes Legislature Congress Senate Senate President Vicente Sotto III House of Representatives Speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Districts Party - list representation Local legislatures ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly Provinces Cities Municipalities Barangays Executive President of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte Vice President of the Philippines Leni Robredo Cabinet Executive departments Local government Judiciary Supreme Court Vacant Court of Appeals Court of Tax Appeals Sandiganbayan Ombudsman Regional Trial Courts Barangay justice Associate Justice Constitutional commissions Civil Service Commission Commission on Elections Commission on Audit Commission on Human Rights Elections Recent elections General : 2010 2013 2016 2019 Political parties Lakas LDP Liberal Nacionalista NPC NUP PDP -- Laban PMP UNA Administrative divisions Capital Regions Provinces Cities Municipalities Barangays Poblacions Sitios Puroks Related topics Foreign relations Human rights Taxation Other countries Atlas Officially local government in the Philippines, often called local government units or LGUs, are divided into three levels -- provinces and independent cities ; component cities and municipalities ; and barangays. In one area, above provinces and independent cities, is an autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Below barangays in some cities and municipalities are sitios and puroks. All of these, with the exception of sitios and puroks, elect their own executives and legislatures. Sitios and puroks are often led by elected barangay councilors. Provinces and independent cities are organized into national government regions but those are administrative regions and not separately governed areas with their own elected governments. According to the Constitution of the Philippines, the local governments `` shall enjoy local autonomy '', and in which the Philippine president exercises `` general supervision ''. Congress enacted the Local Government Code of the Philippines in 1991 to `` provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of local units. '' Contents 1 Levels of local government 1.1 Autonomous Regions 1.2 Provinces 1.3 Cities and municipalities 1.4 Barangays 2 Offices 2.1 Legislatures 2.2 Elected officials 2.3 Offices that are common to municipalities, cities and provinces 3 Responsibilities 4 Creation and modification of local governments 5 See also 6 References Levels of local government Main article : Administrative divisions of the Philippines Autonomous regions Main article : Regions of the Philippines Autonomous regions have more powers than other local governments. The constitution limits the creation of autonomous regions to Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras but only one autonomous region exists : the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ( ARMM ). In 2001, a plebiscite in the ARMM confirmed the previous composition of the autonomous region and added Basilan ( except for the city of Isabela ) and Marawi City in Lanao del Sur. Isabela City remains a part of the province of Basilan despite rejecting inclusion in the ARMM. A Cordillera Autonomous Region has never been formed because no plebiscite has received the required support. An autonomous region is governed by the regional governor and a legislature such as the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly. Provinces Main article : Provinces of the Philippines Outside the lone autonomous region, the provinces are the highest - level local government. The provinces are organized into component cities and municipalities. A province is governed by the governor and a legislature known as the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. Cities and municipalities Main articles : Cities of the Philippines and Municipalities of the Philippines Municipal government in the Philippines is divided into three -- independent cities, component cities, and municipalities ( sometimes referred to as towns ). Several cities across the country are `` independent cities '' which means that they are not governed by a province, even though like Iloilo City the provincial capitol might be in the city. Independent city residents do not vote for nor hold provincial offices. Far more cities are component cities and are a part of a province. Municipalities are always a part of a province except for Pateros which was separated from Rizal to form Metro Manila. Cities and municipalities are governed by mayors and legislatures, which are called the Sangguniang Panlungsod in cities and the Sangguniang Bayan in municipalities. Barangays Main article : Barangay Every city and municipality in the Philippines is divided into barangays, the smallest of the Local Government Units. Barangays can be further divided into sitios and puroks but those divisions do not have leaders elected in formal elections supervised by the national government. A barangay 's executive is the Punong Barangay or barangay captain and its legislature is the Sangguniang Barangay, composed of barangay captain, the Barangay Kagawads ( barangay councilors ) and the SK chairman. The SK chairman also leads a separate assembly for youth, the Sangguniang Kabataan or SK. Offices Local governments have two branches : executive and legislative. All courts in the Philippines are under the Supreme Court of the Philippines and therefore there are no local - government controlled judicial branches. Nor do local governments have any prosecutors or public defenders, as those are under the jurisdiction of the national government. The executive branch is composed of the regional governor for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, governor for the provinces, mayor for the cities and municipalities, and the barangay captain for the barangays. Legislatures The legislatures review the ordinances and resolutions enacted by the legislatures below. Aside from regular and ex-officio members, the legislatures above the barangay level also have three sectoral representatives, one each from women, agricultural or industrial workers, and other sectors. Level of government Legislature Composition Head Autonomous region Regional Legislative Assembly total of 24 members : Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao ( excluding Cotabato City ), Sulu : 6 each, 3 elected from each assembly district Basilan ( except Isabela City ), Tawi - Tawi : 3 each, elected at - large Sectoral representatives Assembly speaker Province Sangguniang Panlalawigan varies, as of 2016 : Cavite and Cebu : 14 SP members, 2 elected from each district Batangas, Negros Occidental and Pangasinan : 12 SP members, 2 elected from each district All other provinces of the first and second income classes : 10 SP members, with seat distribution among districts varying. Provinces of the third and fourth income classes : 8 SP members, with seat distribution among districts varying. Provinces of the fifth and sixth income classes : 6 SP members, 3 per district President of the provincial chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the provincial chapter of the League of Councilors President of the provincial federation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives Vice governor City Sangguniang Panlungsod varies, as of 2016 : Manila and Quezon City : 36 councilors, 6 elected from each district Davao City : 24 councilors, 8 elected from each district Antipolo, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu City, Makati, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Taguig, Zamboanga City : 16 councilors, 8 elected from each district Bacoor, Calbayog, San Jose del Monte, and all other cities in Metro Manila : 12 councilors, 6 elected from each district Samal, Sorsogon City : 12 councilors, 4 elected from each district Bacolod, Baguio, Batangas City, Biñan, Dasmariñas, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo City, Imus, Lapu - Lapu, Lipa, San Fernando ( La Union ), Tuguegarao : 12 councilors, elected at - large All other cities : 10 councilors, elected at - large President of the city chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the city federation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives Vice mayor Municipality Sangguniang Bayan varies, as of 2016 : Pateros, Metro Manila : 12 councilors, 6 elected from each district All other municipalities : 8 councilors, elected at - large President of the municipal chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the municipal federation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives Vice mayor Barangay Sangguniang Barangay 7 members elected at - large Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson Barangay captain Sangguniang Kabataan 7 members elected at - large Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson Jump up ^ The boundaries of ARMM assembly districts are coterminous with the existing congressional districts, except for the 1st Assembly District of Maguindanao ( which excludes Cotabato City and the Lone Assembly District of Basilan ( which excludes Isabela City ). Jump up ^ Provinces that comprise a single congressional district are divided into two SP districts. For provinces comprising multiple congressional districts, boundaries of SP and congressional districts are coterminous, with the exception of the following : Independent cities which are not allowed by law to participate in electing provincial officials are excluded from SP districts. The cities of Biñan and San Jose del Monte, despite forming their separate congressional districts, remain part of the 1st SP district of Laguna and the 4th SP district of Bulacan. Jump up ^ Dagupan is excluded from the 4th SP district of Pangasinan. Jump up ^ Independent cities excluded from provincial elections : Naga from Camarines Sur -- 3rd Santiago from Isabela -- 4th Tacloban from Leyte -- 1st Ormoc from Leyte -- 4th Cotabato City from Maguindanao -- 1st Puerto Princesa from Palawan -- 3rd Angeles from Pampanga -- 1st General Santos from South Cotabato -- 1st. ^ Jump up to : The manner of seat distribution varies, per Republic Act No. 7166 : For provinces comprising multiple congressional districts and need no boundary adjustments due to independent cities being excluded : each district receives the same number of members first, then any remainder will get assigned to the districts with higher population counts. For provinces comprising multiple congressional districts but have district boundary adjustments : seats are distributed according to the population size of each SP district after factoring out the independent cities. For provinces comprising a single congressional district : seats are usually distributed equally between the two SP districts drawn by COMELEC, although proportional allocation exists in cases where geography and circumstance have resulted in grossly uneven SP district population distributions ( e.g. Benguet 's and Sarangani 's SP districts ). Jump up ^ Butuan is excluded from the 1st SP district of Agusan del Norte. Jump up ^ The number of city council members and districts varies per city, as determined by different statutes. For cities comprising multiple congressional districts, boundaries of city council districts are coterminous with congressional districts, with the exception of the Legislative district of Taguig - Pateros which encompasses the 2nd SP district of Taguig and the 1st and 2nd SB districts of Pateros. By law, some cities that are not divided into multiple congressional districts are specifically divided into two ( Bacoor, Calbayog, Las Piñas, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, San Jose del Monte, Valenzuela ) or three ( Samal, Sorsogon City ) city council districts. Elected officials All elected officials have 3 - year terms, and can only serve a maximum of three consecutive terms before being ineligible for reelection. LGU Official Minimum age ( 18 is the voting age ) Autonomous region Regional governor 35 years old on election day Regional vice governor Same as regional governor Regional legislative assembly member 21 years old on election day Provinces Governor 23 years old on election day Vice governor Same as governor Sangguniang Panlalawigan member Same as governor Highly urbanized cities Mayor Same as governor Vice mayor Same as governor Sangguniang Panlungsod member ( Councilor ) Same as governor Independent component and component cities Mayor 21 years old on election day Vice mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Sangguniang Panlungsod member ( Councilor ) Same as independent component and component city mayor Municipalities Mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Vice mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Sangguniang Bayan member ( Councilor ) Same as independent component and component city mayor Barangay Punong Barangay 18 years old on election day Barangay kagawad Same as Punong Barangay Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson 15 to 21 years old on election day * Sangguniang Kabataan member Same as Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson * * a Sangguniang Kabataan official who has surpassed 21 years of age while in office is allowed to serve for the rest of the term. Offices that are common to municipalities, cities and provinces There are 21 offices in a government, whether it is municipal, city or provincial. There are some mandatory and optional offices to the government. Office Head Municipality City Province Office of the Secretary to the Sanggunian Secretary to the Sanggunian √ √ √ Treasurer 's Office Treasurer √ √ √ Assessor 's Office Assessor √ √ √ Accounting Office Accountant √ √ √ Budget Office Budget Officer √ √ √ Planning and Development Office Planning and Development Coordinator √ √ √ Engineer 's Office Engineer √ √ √ Health Office Health Officer √ √ √ Office of the Civil Registry Civil Registrar √ √ X Office of the Administrator Administrator √ √ √ Office of the Legal Services Legal Officer ? √ √ Office of Agricultural Services / Office of the Agriculturist Agriculturist ? ? √ ( Office of ) Social Welfare and Development Office Social Welfare and Development Officer √ √ √ ( Office of ) Environment and Natural Resources Office Environment and Natural Resources Officer ? ? ? Office of Architectural Planning and Design Architect ? ? ? Office of Public Information Information Officer ? ? ? Office for the Development of Cooperatives / Cooperatives Development Office Cooperatives Officer X ? ? Population Office Population Officer ? ? ? Veterinary Office / Office of Veterinary Services Veterinarian X √ √ ( Office of ) Public Safety Office Public Safety Officer ? ? ? ( Office of ) General Services Office General Services Officer X √ √ Legend : √ - Mandatory ? - Optional X - Not Applicable Source : Local Government Code of 1991 Responsibilities Among the social services and facilities that local government should provide, as stipulated in Section 17 of the Local Government Code, are the following : facilities and research services for agriculture and fishery activities, which include seedling nurseries, demonstration farms, and irrigation systems ; health services, which include access to primary health care, maternal and child care, and medicines, medical supplies and equipment ; social welfare services, which include programs and projects for women, children, elderly, and persons with disabilities, as well as vagrants, beggars, street children, juvenile delinquents, and victims of drug abuse ; information services, which include job placement information systems and a public library ; a solid waste disposal system or environmental management system ; municipal / city / provincial buildings, cultural centers, public parks, playgrounds, and sports facilities and equipment ; infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridges, school buildings, health clinics, fish ports, water supply systems, seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and traffic signals and road signs ; public markets, slaughterhouses, and other local enterprises ; public cemetery ; tourism facilities and other tourist attractions ; and sites for police and fire stations and substations and municipal jail. Creation and modification of local governments As a matter of principle, higher legislative entities have the power to create, divide, merge, abolish, or substantially alter boundaries of any lower - level local government through a law or ordinance, all subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be conducted by the Commission on Elections ( COMELEC ) in the local government unit or units directly affected. The Local Government Code has also set requisites for creating local government units. A summary can be found in the table below : Local government Area Population Income Legislative bodies that can create, merge, abolish or substantially alter the boundaries of the LGU Province 2,000 square kilometers * 250,000 * ₱ 20 million for the last two ( 2 ) consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices Congress ^ City 100 square kilometers * 150,000 * ₱ 100 million for the last two ( 2 ) consecutive years based on 2000 constant prices Congress ^ Municipality 50 square kilometers 25,000 ₱ 2.5 million for the last two ( 2 ) consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices Congress ARMM Regional Assembly Barangay None 5,000 ( Metro Manila and highly urbanized cities ) 2,000 ( rest of the country ) None Congress ARMM Regional Assembly Sangguniang Panlalawigan, with recommendation from the concerned Sangguniang Bayan ( s ) required Sangguniang Panlungsod * either area or population ; meeting only one of these requirements is sufficient ^ The ARMM Regional Assembly was conferred by Congress ( through Article VI, Section 19 of Republic Act 9054 ) the power to create or modify lower - level LGUs under its jurisdiction, including provinces and cities. However, the Supreme Court 's decision on the unconstitutionality of the now - defunct province of Shariff Kabunsuan has effectively confined the regional assembly 's powers to creating or modifying only municipalities and barangays. See also List of primary local government units of the Philippines References Jump up ^ `` The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines ''. www.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2016 - 06 - 17. Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 12. ^ Jump up to : Local Government Code of the Philippines, Book III Archived 2014 - 10 - 31 at the Wayback Machine., Department of Interior and Local Government official website. ^ Jump up to : Commission on Elections ( 18 August 2015 ). `` COMELEC Resolution No. 9982 ''. Republic of the Philippines - Commission on Elections. Retrieved 23 May 2017. Jump up ^ Congress of the Philippines ( 26 November 1991 ). `` Republic Act No. 7166 - An Act Providing for Synchronized National and Local Elections and for Electoral. Reforms, Authorizing Appropriations Therefor, And For Other Purposes ''. Retrieved 23 May 2017. ^ Jump up to : Local Government Code, Book I Archived 2008 - 05 - 08 at the Wayback Machine., Department of Interior and Local Government official website. Jump up ^ Quismundo, Terra ( 29 May 2007 ). `` Election law must prevail over culture, says Abalos ''. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 March 2009. ^ Jump up to : Republic Act 9054 Jump up ^ `` Local Government Code of 1991 ( Book III : Local Government Units ) ''. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved November 6, 2010. Jump up ^ Republic Act 9009, Chanrobles Law Library. Jump up ^ Creation of the province of Shariff Kabunsuan voided Archived 2009 - 04 - 01 at the Wayback Machine. 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Question: three types of local government in the philippines
Answer: provinces