Diet of Worms - wikipedia Diet of Worms For other uses, see Diet of Worms ( disambiguation ). Luther at the Diet of Worms, by Anton von Werner, 1877 The Diet of Worms 1521 ( German : Reichstag zu Worms, ( ˈʁaɪçstaːk tsuː ˈvɔɐms ) ) was an imperial diet ( assembly ) of the Holy Roman Empire held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire. An imperial diet was a formal deliberative assembly of the whole Empire. This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms ( Wormser Edikt ), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. It was conducted from 28 January to 26 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding. Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term `` Diet of Worms '' usually refers to the assembly of 1521. Contents 1 Background 2 Martin Luther 3 Edict of Worms 4 Aftermath 5 References 6 External links Background In June of the previous year, 1520, Pope Leo X issued the Papal bull Exsurge Domine ( `` Arise, O Lord '' ), outlining forty - one purported errors found in Martin Luther 's Ninety - five Theses and other writings related to or written by him. Luther was summoned by the emperor. Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony obtained an agreement that if Luther appeared he would be promised safe passage to and from the meeting. This guarantee was essential after the treatment of Jan Hus, who was tried and executed at the Council of Constance in 1415 despite a promise of safe conduct. Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521. Luther was summoned to renounce or reaffirm his views. When he appeared before the assembly on 16 April, Johann Eck, an assistant of the Archbishop of Trier ( Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads at that time ), acted as spokesman for the emperor. Martin Luther Luther in Worms, colourized woodcut, 1577 The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521. On 16 April, Luther arrived in Worms. Luther was told to appear the following day before the Diet at 4 p.m. Dr. Jeromee Schurff, Wittenberg professor in Canon Law, was to act as Luther 's lawyer before the Diet. On 17 April, the imperial marshal, Ulrich von Pappenheim, and the herald, Caspar Sturm came for Luther. Pappenheim reminded Luther that he should speak only in answer to direct questions from the presiding officer, Johann Eck. Eck asked if a collection of books was Luther 's and if he was ready to revoke their heresies. Dr. Schurff said, `` Please have the titles read. '' There were 25 of them, probably including The 95 Theses, Resolutions Concerning the 95 Theses, On the Papacy at Rome, Address to the Christian Nobility, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian. Luther requested more time for a proper answer, so he was given until the next day at 4 p.m. On 18 April, Luther, stating he 'd prayed for long hours, consulted with friends and mediators, presented himself before the Diet. When the counselor put the same questions to him, Luther first apologized that he lacked the etiquette of the court. Then he answered, `` They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort. '' Luther went on to place the writings into three categories : ( 1 ) Works which were well received by even his enemies : those he would not reject. ( 2 ) Books which attacked the abuses, lies and desolation of the Christian world and the papacy : those, Luther believed, could not safely be rejected without encouraging abuses to continue. To retract them would be to open the door to further oppression. `` If I now recant these, then, I would be doing nothing but strengthening tyranny ''. ( 3 ) Attacks on individuals : he apologized for the harsh tone of these writings but did not reject the substance of what he taught in them ; if he could be shown from the Scriptures that he was in error, Luther continued, he would reject them. Luther concluded by saying Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the Scriptures or by clear reason ( for I do not trust either in the pope or in councils alone, since it is well known that they have often erred and contradicted themselves ), I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I can not and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me. Amen. According to tradition, Luther is said to have declared, `` Here I stand, I can do no other, '' before concluding with `` God help me. Amen. '' However, there is no indication in the transcripts of the Diet or in eyewitness accounts that he ever said this, and most scholars now doubt these words were spoken. Luther statue in Worms Eck informed Luther that he was acting like a heretic : `` ' Martin, ' said he, ' there is no one of the heresies which have torn the bosom of the church, which has not derived its origin from the various interpretation of the Scripture. The Bible itself is the arsenal whence each innovator has drawn his deceptive arguments. It was with biblical texts that Pelagius and Arius maintained their doctrines. Arius, for instance, found the negation of the eternity of the Word -- an eternity which you admit, in this verse of the New Testament -- Joseph knew not his wife till she had brought forth her first - born son ; and he said, in the same way that you say, that this passage enchained him. When the fathers of the council of Constance condemned this proposition of John Huss -- The church of Jesus Christ is only the community of the elect, they condemned an error ; for the church, like a good mother, embraces within her arms all who bear the name of Christian, all who are called to enjoy the celestial beatitude. ' '' Private conferences were held to determine Luther 's fate, but he was not arrested at Worms. Through negotiations by his prince, Frederick III, Luther had been given a letter of safe conduct to and from the hearing. After his dismissal he departed for his home in Wittenberg. However, fearing for Luther 's safety, Frederick III sent men to a fake highway attack and abduct Luther, hiding him away at Wartburg Castle. Edict of Worms The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 26 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring : For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work. The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on 26 May. The Edict declared Luther to be an obstinate heretic and banned the reading or possession of his writings. It was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church over reform, especially in practice of donations for indulgences. However, there were other deeper issues that revolved around both theological concerns : On a theological level, Luther had challenged the absolute authority of the Pope over the Church by maintaining that the doctrine of indulgences, as authorized and taught by the Pope, was wrong. Luther maintained that salvation was by faith alone ( sola fide ) without reference to good works, alms, penance, or the Church 's sacraments. Luther maintained that the sacraments were a `` means of grace, '' meaning that while grace was imparted through the Sacraments, the credit for the action belonged to God and not to the individual. He had also challenged the authority of the Church by maintaining that all doctrines and dogmata of the Church not found in Scripture should be discarded ( sola scriptura ). To protect the authority of the Pope and the Church, as well as to maintain the doctrine of indulgences, ecclesiastical officials convinced Charles V that Luther was a threat and persuaded him to authorize his condemnation by the Holy Roman Empire. Luther escaped arrest and remained in seclusion at Wartburg castle for several months where he continued to write and translate the New Testament into German. Aftermath Despite the agreement that he could return home safely, it was privately understood that Luther would soon be arrested and punished. To protect him from this fate, Prince Frederick seized him on his way home and hid him in Wartburg Castle. It was during his time in Wartburg that Luther began his German translation of the Bible. Martin Luther 's powerful testimony of faith at the Diet of Worms in 1521 made an indelible impression upon the mind of George, Margrave of Brandenburg - Ansbach, who turned his eyes to the new faith earlier than any other German prince or any other member of the House of Hohenzollern. Moreover, Luther entered into correspondence with him, discussing with him the most important problems of faith. The edict was temporarily suspended at the Diet of Speyer 1526 but then reinstated in 1529. When Luther eventually emerged from the Wartburg, the emperor, distracted with other matters, did not press for Luther 's arrest. Ultimately, because of rising public support for Luther among the German people and the protection of certain German princes, the Edict of Worms was never enforced in Germany. However, in the Low Countries ( comprising modern - day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands ), the Edict was initially enforced against Luther 's most active supporters. This could be done because these countries were under the direct rule of Emperor Charles V and his appointed regent, Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy ( and Charles 's aunt ). In December 1521, Jacob Probst, prior of the Augustinian monastery in Antwerp, was the first Luther - supporting cleric to be arrested and prosecuted under the terms of the Worms Edict. In February 1522, Probst was compelled to make public recantation and repudiation of Luther 's teachings. Later that year, additional arrests were made among the Augustinians in Antwerp. Two monks, Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, refused to recant ; on 1 July 1523, they were burned at the stake in Brussels. References Jump up ^ Chronik der Stadt Worms Internet Archive Jump up ^ Schaff, Philip ( 2015 ). History of the Christian Church. Arkrose Press. p. 145. ISBN 1346209650. ^ Jump up to : Oberman, Heiko, Luther : Man Between God and the Devil, New Haven : Yale University Press, 2006, ISBN 0 - 300 - 10313 - 1. Jump up ^ Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther. tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1985 -- 93, 1 : 460. Jump up ^ Elesha Coffman. `` ' Hier Stehe Ich ! ' ''. ChristianityToday.com. Jump up ^ Martin Luther. `` Life of Luther ( Luther by Martin Luther ) ''. Jump up ^ Noll, Mark A. ( 2000 ) ( 1997 ). Turning Points : Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Academic. p. 160. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8010 - 1159 - 7. Jump up ^ Graebner, Augustus Lawrence. `` Outlines of Doctrinal Theology ''. Saint Louis, MO : Concordia Publishing House. p. 161. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012. Jump up ^ Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther. tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1985 -- 93, 2 : 102ff. External links Diet of Worms on In Our Time at the BBC. Luther 's Statement at Worms from Bartleby The Diet of Worms by Charles Beard Chapter IX of Luther and the Reformation in Germany 1896 Martin Luther Works ( hymns ) Ninety - five Theses ( 1517 ) Sermon on Indulgences and Grace ( 1518 ) To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation ( 1520 ) On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church ( 1520 ) On the Freedom of a Christian ( 1520 ) Against Henry, King of the English ( 1522 ) Luther Bible ( 1522, 1534 ) The Adoration of the Sacrament ( 1523 ) Formula missae ( 1523 ) Hymns First Lutheran hymnal ( 1524 ) Erfurt Enchiridion ( 1524 ) Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn ( 1524 ) Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants ( 1525 ) On the Bondage of the Will ( 1525 ) The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ -- Against the Fanatics ( 1526 ) Deutsche Messe ( 1526 ) Confession Concerning Christ 's Supper ( 1528 ) On War Against the Turk ( 1529 ) Small Catechism ( 1529 ) Large Catechism ( 1529 ) `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' ( 1531 ) Smalcald Articles ( 1537 ) On the Councils and the Church ( 1539 ) `` Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam '' ( 1543 ) On the Jews and Their Lies ( 1543 ) Vom Schem Hamphoras ( 1543 ) List of hymns by Martin Luther Luther 's Table Talk ( 1566 ) Weimar edition of Luther 's works Topics and events Reformation Lutheranism Heidelberg Disputation, 1518 Leipzig Debate, 1519 Exsurge Domine, 1520 Diet of Worms, 1521 Decet Romanum Pontificem, 1521 Marburg Colloquy, 1529 Augsburg Confession, 1530 Luther 's canon Theology of Martin Luther Theology of the Cross Universal priesthood Sola scriptura Two kingdoms Law and Gospel Marian theology Eucharist in Lutheranism Sacramental union Words of Institution Antisemitism Propaganda during the Reformation Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo ( 1537 edition ) People Hans and Margarethe Luther ( parents ) Katharina von Bora ( wife ) Magdalena Luther ( daughter ) Paul Luther ( son ) Albert of Brandenburg Bartholomaeus Arnoldi Erasmus Georg Rörer Johann Cochlaeus Johann von Staupitz Justus Jonas Karl von Miltitz Andreas Karlstadt Philip Melanchthon Pope Leo X Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick the Wise Luther sites All Saints ' Church, Wittenberg Lutherhaus Lutherstädte Martin Luther 's Birth House Martin Luther 's Death House Melanchthonhaus ( Wittenberg ) St. Augustine 's Monastery Veste Coburg ( Fortress ) Wartburg Castle Film and theatre Martin Luther ( 1923 film ) Luther ( 1928 film ) Luther ( 1964 film ) Martin Luther ( 1953 film ) Luther ( 1973 film ) Martin Luther, Heretic ( 1983 film ) Luther ( 2003 film ) Luther ( 1961 play ) Related Martin Luther bibliography Book : Martin Luther Luther rose Theologia Germanica History of Christianity Centuries : 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st Ministry of Jesus and Apostolic Age Jesus Ministry Crucifixion Resurrection Holy Spirit Leadership Apostles Seventy disciples Paul the Apostle Council of Jerusalem Great Commission New Testament Background Gospels Acts Pauline epistles General epistles Revelation Ante - Nicene Period Judaism split Justin Martyr Ignatius Persecution Fathers Irenaeus Marcionism Canon Tertullian Montanism Origen Late ancient Constantine Monasticism Councils : Nicaea I Creed Athanasius Arianism Jerome Augustine Constantinople I Ephesus I Chalcedon Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy Church of the East Oriental Orthodoxy Chrysostom Nestorianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Fall of Constantinople Armenia Georgia Greece Egypt Syria Ethiopia Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Russia America Middle Ages Pelagianism Gregory I Celtic Germanic Scandinavian Kievan Rus ' Investiture Anselm Abelard Bernard of Clairvaux Bogomils Cathars Crusades Waldensians Inquisition Scholasticism Dominic Francis Bonaventure Aquinas Wycliffe Avignon Papal Schism Bohemian Reformation Hus Conciliarism Catholicism Primacy development Papacy Timeline Lateran IV Trent Counter-Reformation Thomas More Leo X Guadalupe Jesuits Jansenists Xavier Monastery dissolution Wars Teresa Vatican I and II Modernism Reformation Protestantism Erasmus Five solae Eucharist Calvinist v. Arminian Arminianism Dort Wars Lutheranism Martin Luther 95 Theses Diet of Worms Melanchthon Orthodoxy Eucharist Book of Concord Calvinism Zwingli Calvin Presbyterianism Scotland Knox TULIP Dort Three Forms of Unity Westminster Anglicanism Timeline Henry VIII Cranmer Settlement 39 Articles Common Prayer Puritans Civil War Anabaptism Radical Reformation Grebel Swiss Brethren Müntzer Martyrs ' Synod Menno Simons Smyth 1640 -- 1789 Revivalism English denominations Baptists Congregationalism Great Awakening Methodism Millerism Pietism Neo - and Old Lutherans 1789 -- present Camp meeting Holiness movement Independent Catholic denominations Second Great Awakening Restoration Movement Jehovah 's Witnesses Mormonism Seventh - day Adventist Adventism Third Great Awakening Azusa Revival Fundamentalism Ecumenism Evangelicalism Jesus movement Mainline Protestant Pentecostalism Charismatics Liberation theology Christian right Christian left Genocide by ISIL Timeline Missions Timeline Martyrs Theology Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Protestantism Catholicism Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diet_of_Worms&oldid=807892526 '' Categories : Martin Luther 16th - century Roman Catholicism History of Catholicism in Germany Anti-Protestantism 1520s in Germany History of Rhineland - Palatinate Worms, Germany Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Imperial Diets ( Holy Roman Empire ) 1521 in the Holy Roman Empire 1521 in politics 1521 in Christianity Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from September 2012 Articles containing German - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Català Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Português Română Русский Suomi Svenska Українська 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2017, at 18 : 02. 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Question: when did the diet of worms take place
Answer: from 28 January to 26 May 1521