Vancouver - Wikipedia Vancouver This article is about the Canadian city. For the suburb of Portland, Oregon, see Vancouver, Washington. For other uses, see Vancouver ( disambiguation ). City in British Columbia, Canada Vancouver City City of Vancouver Clockwise from top : Downtown Vancouver as seen from above False Creek, The University of British Columbia, Lions Gate Bridge, a view from the Granville Street Bridge, Burrard Bridge, The Millennium Gate ( Chinatown ), and totem poles in Stanley Park Flag Logo Nickname ( s ) : See Nicknames of Vancouver Motto ( s ) : `` By Sea, Land, and Air We Prosper '' Location of Vancouver within Metro Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada Vancouver Location of Vancouver in Canada Vancouver Vancouver ( Canada ) Vancouver Vancouver ( North America ) Show map of British Columbia Show map of Canada Show map of North America Show all Coordinates : 49 ° 15 ′ N 123 ° 6 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 49.250 ° N 123.100 ° W ﻿ / 49.250 ; - 123.100 Coordinates : 49 ° 15 ′ N 123 ° 6 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 49.250 ° N 123.100 ° W ﻿ / 49.250 ; - 123.100 Country Canada Province British Columbia Region Lower Mainland Indigenous territories Unceded Coast Salish Territories : Musqueam Indian Band Squamish Nation Tsleil - Waututh First Nation Sto : lo Regional district Metro Vancouver Incorporated 6 April 1886 Named for Captain George Vancouver R.N., ( 1757 - 1798 ), explored 1792 for British Royal Navy Government Mayor Gregor Robertson ( Vision Vancouver ) City Council List of Councillors George Affleck ( NPA ) Elizabeth Ball ( NPA ) Adriane Carr ( Green ) Melissa De Genova ( NPA ) Heather Deal ( Vision ) Kerry Jang ( Vision ) Raymond Louie ( Vision ) Andrea Reimer ( Vision ) Tim Stevenson ( Vision ) Hector Bremner ( NPA ) MPs ( Fed. ) List of MPs Don Davies ( NDP ) Hedy Fry ( L ) Jenny Kwan ( NDP ) Joyce Murray ( L ) Harjit Sajjan ( L ) Jody Wilson - Raybould ( L ) MLAs ( Prov. ) List of MLAs Spencer Chandra Herbert ( NDP ) George Chow ( NDP ) Adrian Dix ( NDP ) David Eby ( NDP ) Mable Elmore ( NDP ) George Heyman ( NDP ) Michael Lee ( BCL ) Melanie Mark ( NDP ) Shane Simpson ( NDP ) Sam Sullivan ( BCL ) Andrew Wilkinson ( BCL ) Area City 114.97 km ( 44.39 sq mi ) Metro 2,878.52 km ( 1,111.40 sq mi ) Elevation 0 -- 152 m ( 0 -- 501 ft ) Population ( 2016 ) City 631,486 ( 8th ) Density 5,492.6 / km ( 14,226 / sq mi ) Urban 2,264,823 Metro 2,463,431 ( 3rd ) Demonym ( s ) Vancouverite Time zone PST ( UTC − 8 ) Summer ( DST ) PDT ( UTC − 7 ) Forward sortation area V5K - V6T, V6Z, V7X - V7Y Area code ( s ) 604, 778, 236 NTS Map 092G03 GNBC Code JBRIK GDP US $ 109.8 billion GDP per capita US $44,337 Website City of Vancouver Vancouver ( / vænˈkuːvər / ( listen ), locally usually ( væŋ - ) ) is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third - largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fourth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada according to that census ; 52 % of its residents have a first language other than English. Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and quality of life, and the Economist Intelligence Unit acknowledged it as the first city ranked among the top - ten of the world 's most well - living cities for five consecutive years. Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009 ; and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km ( 78 mi ) north of the city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home. Several matches of the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place. The original settlement, named Gastown, grew up on clearcuts on the west edge of the Hastings Mill logging sawmill 's property, where a makeshift tavern had been set up on a plank between two stumps and the proprietor, Gassy Jack, persuaded the curious millworkers to build him a tavern, on 1 July 1867. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west. Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B.I. ( `` B.I '' standing for `` Burrard Inlet '' ). As part of the land and political deal whereby the area of the townsite was made the railhead of the Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ), it was renamed `` Vancouver '' and incorporated shortly thereafter as a city, in 1886. By 1887, the Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended westward to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport to the Pacific Ocean, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient / East Asia, Eastern Canada, and Europe. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third - largest port by tonnage in the Americas ( recently displacing New York City ), 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second - largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have turned Greater Vancouver and nearby areas into one of the largest film production centres in North America, earning it the nickname, `` Hollywood North ''. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Before 1850 2.2 Early growth 2.3 Incorporation 2.4 Twentieth century 3 Geography 3.1 Ecology 3.2 Climate 4 Cityscape 4.1 Urban planning 4.2 Architecture 5 Demographics 6 Economy 7 Government 7.1 Regional government 7.2 Provincial and federal representation 7.3 Policing and crime 7.4 Military 8 Education 9 Arts and culture 9.1 Theatre, dance, film and television 9.1. 1 Theatre 9.1. 2 Dance 9.1. 3 Film 9.1. 3.1 Films set in Vancouver 9.1. 4 Television shows produced in Vancouver 9.2 Libraries and museums 9.3 Visual art 9.4 Music and nightlife 10 Media 11 Transportation 12 Sports and recreation 12.1 Current professional teams 13 Twin towns -- sister cities 14 Sustainability 14.1 Greenest City Initiative 15 Notable people 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References 19 Further reading 20 External links Etymology The city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The family name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch `` Van Coevorden '', denoting somebody from the city of Coevorden or Koevern in Dutch Low Saxon, Netherlands. The explorer 's ancestors came to England `` from Coevorden '', which is the origin of the name that eventually became `` Vancouver ''. History Main article : History of Vancouver See also : Timeline of Vancouver history Before 1850 Archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the traditional and presently unceded territories of the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tseil - Waututh ( Burrard ) peoples of the Coast Salish group. They had villages in various parts of present - day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey and near the mouth of the Fraser River. Europeans became acquainted with the area of the future Vancouver when José María Narváez of Spain explored the coast of present - day Point Grey and parts of Burrard Inlet in 1791 -- although one author contends that Francis Drake may have visited the area in 1579. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his crew became the first - known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present - day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. Early growth The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster ( founded 14 February 1859 ) on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, bypassing what would become Vancouver. Vancouver is among British Columbia 's youngest cities ; the first European settlement in what is now Vancouver was not until 1862 at McCleery 's Farm on the Fraser River, just east of the ancient village of Musqueam in what is now Marpole. A sawmill established at Moodyville ( now the City of North Vancouver ) in 1863, began the city 's long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the south shore of the inlet. Stamp, who had begun logging in the Port Alberni area, first attempted to run a mill at Brockton Point, but difficult currents and reefs forced the relocation of the operation in 1867 to a point near the foot of Dunlevy Street. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed. The mill 's central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the local economy until it closed in the 1920s. View of Gastown from Carrall and Water Street in 1886. Gastown was a settlement that quickly became a centre for trade and commerce on Burrard Inlet. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by `` Gassy '' Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property. In 1870, the colonial government surveyed the settlement and laid out a townsite, renamed `` Granville '' in honour of the then - British Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Granville. This site, with its natural harbour, was selected in 1884 as the terminus for the Canadian Pacific Railway, to the disappointment of Port Moody, New Westminster and Victoria, all of which had vied to be the railhead. A railway was among the inducements for British Columbia to join the Confederation in 1871, but the Pacific Scandal and arguments over the use of Chinese labour delayed construction until the 1880s. Incorporation The City of Vancouver was incorporated on 6 April 1886, the same year that the first transcontinental train arrived. CPR president William Van Horne arrived in Port Moody to establish the CPR terminus recommended by Henry John Cambie, and gave the city its name in honour of George Vancouver. The Great Vancouver Fire on 13 June 1886, razed the entire city. The Vancouver Fire Department was established that year and the city quickly rebuilt. Vancouver 's population grew from a settlement of 1,000 people in 1881 to over 20,000 by the turn of the century and 100,000 by 1911. The first Vancouver City Council meeting following the Great Vancouver Fire in 1886. Vancouver merchants outfitted prospectors bound for the Klondike Gold Rush in 1898. One of those merchants, Charles Woodward, had opened the first Woodward 's store at Abbott and Cordova Streets in 1892 and, along with Spencer 's and the Hudson 's Bay department stores, formed the core of the city 's retail sector for decades. The economy of early Vancouver was dominated by large companies such as the CPR, which fuelled economic activity and led to the rapid development of the new city ; in fact, the CPR was the main real estate owner and housing developer in the city. While some manufacturing did develop, including the establishment of the British Columbia Sugar Refinery by Benjamin Tingley Rogers in 1890, natural resources became the basis for Vancouver 's economy. The resource sector was initially based on logging and later on exports moving through the seaport, where commercial traffic constituted the largest economic sector in Vancouver by the 1930s. Twentieth century The dominance of the economy by big business was accompanied by an often militant labour movement. The first major sympathy strike was in 1903 when railway employees struck against the CPR for union recognition. Labour leader Frank Rogers was killed by CPR police while picketing at the docks, becoming the movement 's first martyr in British Columbia. The rise of industrial tensions throughout the province led to Canada 's first general strike in 1918, at the Cumberland coal mines on Vancouver Island. Following a lull in the 1920s, the strike wave peaked in 1935 when unemployed men flooded the city to protest conditions in the relief camps run by the military in remote areas throughout the province. After two tense months of daily and disruptive protesting, the relief camp strikers decided to take their grievances to the federal government and embarked on the On - to - Ottawa Trek, but their protest was put down by force. The workers were arrested near Mission and interned in work camps for the duration of the Depression. Plainclothes RCMP officers attack Relief Camp Workers ' Union protesters in 1938. Several protests over unemployment occurred in the city during the Great Depression. Other social movements, such as the first - wave feminist, moral reform, and temperance movements were also instrumental in Vancouver 's development. Mary Ellen Smith, a Vancouver suffragist and prohibitionist, became the first woman elected to a provincial legislature in Canada in 1918. Alcohol prohibition began in the First World War and lasted until 1921, when the provincial government established control over alcohol sales, a practice still in place today. Canada 's first drug law came about following an inquiry conducted by the federal Minister of Labour and future Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King. King was sent to investigate damages claims resulting from a riot when the Asiatic Exclusion League led a rampage through Chinatown and Japantown. Two of the claimants were opium manufacturers, and after further investigation, King found that white women were reportedly frequenting opium dens as well as Chinese men. A federal law banning the manufacture, sale, and importation of opium for non-medicinal purposes was soon passed based on these revelations. These riots, and the formation of the Asiatic Exclusion League, also act as signs of a growing fear and mistrust towards the Japanese living in Vancouver and throughout B.C. These fears were exacerbated by the attack on Pearl Harbor leading to the eventual internment or deportation of all Japanese - Canadians living in the city and the province. After the war, these Japanese - Canadian men and women were not allowed to return to cities like Vancouver causing areas, like the aforementioned Japantown, to cease to be ethnically Japanese areas as the communities never revived. Amalgamation with Point Grey and South Vancouver gave the city its final boundaries not long before it became the third - largest metropolis in the country. As of 1 January 1929, the population of the enlarged Vancouver was 228,193. Geography 23 official neighbourhoods of Vancouver ( local usage varies ) Further information : List of bodies of water in Vancouver and Lower Mainland Ecoregion Located on the Burrard Peninsula, Vancouver lies between Burrard Inlet to the north and the Fraser River to the south. The Strait of Georgia, to the west, is shielded from the Pacific Ocean by Vancouver Island. The city has an area of 114 km ( 44 sq mi ), including both flat and hilly ground, and is in the Pacific Time Zone ( UTC − 8 ) and the Pacific Maritime Ecozone. Until the city 's naming in 1885, `` Vancouver '' referred to Vancouver Island, and it remains a common misconception that the city is located on the island. The island and the city are both named after Royal Navy Captain George Vancouver ( as is the city of Vancouver, Washington in the United States ). Vancouver has one of the largest urban parks in North America, Stanley Park, which covers 404.9 hectares ( 1,001 acres ). The North Shore Mountains dominate the cityscape, and on a clear day, scenic vistas include the snow - capped volcano Mount Baker in the state of Washington to the southeast, Vancouver Island across the Strait of Georgia to the west and southwest, and Bowen Island to the northwest. Ecology The vegetation in the Vancouver area was originally temperate rain forest, consisting of conifers with scattered pockets of maple and alder, and large areas of swampland ( even in upland areas, due to poor drainage ). The conifers were a typical coastal British Columbia mix of Douglas fir, Western red cedar, and Western Hemlock. The area is thought to have had the largest trees of these species on the British Columbia Coast. Only in Elliott Bay, Seattle did the size of trees rival those of Burrard Inlet and English Bay. The largest trees in Vancouver 's old - growth forest were in the Gastown area, where the first logging occurred, and on the southern slopes of False Creek and English Bay, especially around Jericho Beach. The forest in Stanley Park was logged between the 1860s and 1880s, and evidence of old - fashioned logging techniques such as springboard notches can still be seen there. Many plants and trees growing throughout Vancouver and the Lower Mainland were imported from other parts of the continent and from points across the Pacific. Examples include the monkey puzzle tree, the Japanese Maple, and various flowering exotics, such as magnolias, azaleas, and rhododendrons. Some species imported from harsher climates in Eastern Canada or Europe have grown to immense sizes. The native Douglas Maple can also attain a tremendous size. Many of the city 's streets are lined with flowering varieties of Japanese cherry trees donated from the 1930s onward by the government of Japan. These flower for several weeks in early spring each year, an occasion celebrated by the Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival. Other streets are lined with flowering chestnut, horse chestnut, and other decorative shade trees. Climate Main article : Climate of Vancouver A rainy day in Vancouver 's Stanley Park. The city is Canada 's third most rainy municipality, averaging over 161 rainy days per year. Vancouver Climate chart ( explanation ) J J J O 168 7 105 8 114 10 89 13 6 65 17 9 54 20 12 36 22 14 37 22 14 51 19 11 121 14 7 189 9 162 6 Average max. and min. temperatures in ° C Precipitation totals in mm Imperial conversion J J J O 6.6 44 35 4.1 47 35 4.5 51 38 3.5 56 42 2.6 62 48 2.1 67 53 1.4 72 57 1.4 72 57 66 51 4.8 56 45 7.4 49 38 6.4 43 33 Average max. and min. temperatures in ° F Precipitation totals in inches Vancouver is one of Canada 's warmest cities in the winter. Vancouver 's climate is temperate by Canadian standards and is classified as oceanic or marine west coast, which under the Köppen climate classification system is classified as Cfb that borders on a warm summer Mediterranean Climate Csb. While during summer months the inland temperatures are significantly higher, Vancouver has the coolest summer average high of all major Canadian metropolitan areas. The summer months are typically dry, with an average of only one in five days during July and August receiving precipitation. In contrast, there is some precipitation during nearly half the days from November through March. Vancouver is also one of the wettest Canadian cities. However, precipitation varies throughout the metropolitan area. Annual precipitation as measured at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond averages 1,189 mm ( 46.8 in ), compared with 1,588 mm ( 62.5 in ) in the downtown area and 2,044 mm ( 80.5 in ) in North Vancouver. The daily maximum averages 22 ° C ( 72 ° F ) in July and August, with highs rarely reaching 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ). The highest temperature ever recorded at the airport was 34.4 ° C ( 93.9 ° F ) set on 30 July 2009, and the highest temperature ever recorded within the city of Vancouver was 35.0 ° C ( 95.0 ° F ) occurring first on 31 July 1965, again on 8 August 1981, and finally on 29 May 1983. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was − 17.8 ° C ( 0 ° F ) on 14 January 1950 and again on 29 December 1968. On average, snow falls on nine days per year, with three days receiving 5 cm ( 2.0 in ) or more. Average yearly snowfall is 38.1 cm ( 15.0 in ) but typically does not remain on the ground for long. Winters in Greater Vancouver are the fourth mildest of Canadian cities after nearby Victoria, Nanaimo and Duncan, all on Vancouver Island. Vancouver 's growing season averages 237 days, from 18 March until 10 November. Vancouver 's 1981 -- 2010 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone ranges from 8A to 9A depending on elevation and proximity to water. Climate data for Vancouver International Airport ( Richmond ), 1981 -- 2010 normals, extremes 1898 -- present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high humidex 17.2 18.0 20.3 23.9 33.7 33.9 38.3 35.9 33.0 27.2 21.1 16.1 38.3 Record high ° C ( ° F ) 15.3 ( 59.5 ) 18.4 ( 65.1 ) 20.0 ( 68 ) 26.1 ( 79 ) 30.4 ( 86.7 ) 33.3 ( 91.9 ) 34.4 ( 93.9 ) 33.3 ( 91.9 ) 30.0 ( 86 ) 25.0 ( 77 ) 20.1 ( 68.2 ) 15.0 ( 59 ) 34.4 ( 93.9 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 6.9 ( 44.4 ) 8.2 ( 46.8 ) 10.3 ( 50.5 ) 13.2 ( 55.8 ) 16.7 ( 62.1 ) 19.6 ( 67.3 ) 22.2 ( 72 ) 22.2 ( 72 ) 18.9 ( 66 ) 13.5 ( 56.3 ) 9.2 ( 48.6 ) 6.3 ( 43.3 ) 13.9 ( 57 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 4.1 ( 39.4 ) 4.9 ( 40.8 ) 6.9 ( 44.4 ) 9.4 ( 48.9 ) 12.8 ( 55 ) 15.7 ( 60.3 ) 18.0 ( 64.4 ) 18.0 ( 64.4 ) 14.9 ( 58.8 ) 10.3 ( 50.5 ) 6.3 ( 43.3 ) 3.6 ( 38.5 ) 10.4 ( 50.7 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 1.4 ( 34.5 ) 1.6 ( 34.9 ) 3.4 ( 38.1 ) 5.6 ( 42.1 ) 8.8 ( 47.8 ) 11.7 ( 53.1 ) 13.7 ( 56.7 ) 13.8 ( 56.8 ) 10.8 ( 51.4 ) 7.0 ( 44.6 ) 3.5 ( 38.3 ) 0.8 ( 33.4 ) 6.8 ( 44.2 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) − 17.8 ( 0 ) − 16.1 ( 3 ) − 9.4 ( 15.1 ) − 3.3 ( 26.1 ) 0.6 ( 33.1 ) 2.2 ( 36 ) 6.1 ( 43 ) 3.9 ( 39 ) − 1.1 ( 30 ) − 6.1 ( 21 ) − 14.3 ( 6.3 ) − 17.8 ( 0 ) − 17.8 ( 0 ) Record low wind chill − 22.6 − 21.2 − 14.5 − 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 − 11.4 − 21.3 − 27.8 − 27.8 Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 168.4 ( 6.63 ) 104.6 ( 4.118 ) 113.9 ( 4.484 ) 88.5 ( 3.484 ) 65.0 ( 2.559 ) 53.8 ( 2.118 ) 35.6 ( 1.402 ) 36.7 ( 1.445 ) 50.9 ( 2.004 ) 120.8 ( 4.756 ) 188.9 ( 7.437 ) 161.9 ( 6.374 ) 1,189 ( 46.811 ) Average rainfall mm ( inches ) 157.5 ( 6.201 ) 98.9 ( 3.894 ) 111.8 ( 4.402 ) 88.1 ( 3.469 ) 65.0 ( 2.559 ) 53.8 ( 2.118 ) 35.6 ( 1.402 ) 36.7 ( 1.445 ) 50.9 ( 2.004 ) 120.7 ( 4.752 ) 185.8 ( 7.315 ) 148.3 ( 5.839 ) 1,153.1 ( 45.4 ) Average snowfall cm ( inches ) 11.1 ( 4.37 ) 6.3 ( 2.48 ) 2.3 ( 0.91 ) 0.3 ( 0.12 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 0.1 ( 0.04 ) 3.2 ( 1.26 ) 14.8 ( 5.83 ) 38.1 ( 15 ) Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.2 mm ) 19.5 15.4 17.7 14.8 13.2 11.5 6.3 6.7 8.3 15.4 20.4 19.7 168.9 Average rainy days ( ≥ 0.2 mm ) 18.4 14.7 17.5 14.8 13.2 11.5 6.3 6.8 8.3 15.4 19.9 18.4 165.2 Average snowy days ( ≥ 0.2 cm ) 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.8 2.8 8.73 Average relative humidity ( % ) ( at 1500 LST ) 81.2 74.5 70.1 65.4 63.5 62.2 61.4 61.8 67.2 75.6 79.5 80.9 70.3 Mean monthly sunshine hours 60.2 91.0 134.8 185.0 222.5 226.9 289.8 277.1 212.8 120.7 60.4 56.5 1,937.5 Percent possible sunshine 22.3 31.8 36.6 45.0 46.9 46.8 59.3 62.1 56.1 36.0 21.9 22.0 40.6 Source : Environment Canada Cityscape Urban planning Aerial view of Downtown Vancouver. Urban development in Vancouver is characterized by a large residential population living in the city centre with mixed - use developments. Main article : Vancouverism As of 2011, Vancouver is the most densely populated city in Canada. Urban planning in Vancouver is characterized by high - rise residential and mixed - use development in urban centres, as an alternative to sprawl. As part of the larger Metro Vancouver region, it is influenced by the policy direction of livability as illustrated in Metro Vancouver 's Regional Growth Strategy. Vancouver has been ranked one of the most livable cities in the world for more than a decade. As of 2010, Vancouver has been ranked as having the fourth - highest quality of living of any city on Earth. In contrast, according to Forbes, Vancouver had the sixth-most overpriced real estate market in the world and was second - highest in North America after Los Angeles in 2007. Vancouver has also been ranked among Canada 's most expensive cities in which to live. Sales in February 2016 were 56.3 % higher than the 10 - year average for the month. Forbes has also ranked Vancouver as the tenth - cleanest city in the world. Vancouver 's characteristic approach to urban planning originated in the late 1950s, when city planners began to encourage the building of high - rise residential towers in Vancouver 's West End, subject to strict requirements for setbacks and open space to protect sight lines and preserve green space. The success of these dense but liveable neighbourhoods led to the redevelopment of urban industrial sites, such as North False Creek and Coal Harbour, beginning in the mid-1980s. The result is a compact urban core that has gained international recognition for its `` high amenity and ' livable ' development ''. More recently, the city has been debating `` EcoDensity '' -- ways in which `` density, design, and land use can contribute to environmental sustainability, affordability, and livability ''. Vancouver is also considered to have the worst traffic in Canada due to a wide variety of issues such as old small bridges and a lack of highways within the city limits. A panorama of Vancouver looking north from the vicinity of West Broadway and Oak Street. The bridge on the left is the Granville Street Bridge. Architecture Robson Square is a civic centre and public square designed by local architect, Arthur Erickson. Main article : Architecture of Vancouver The Vancouver Art Gallery is housed downtown in the neoclassical former courthouse built in 1906. The courthouse building was designed by Francis Rattenbury, who also designed the British Columbia Parliament Buildings and the Empress Hotel in Victoria, and the lavishly decorated second Hotel Vancouver. The 556 - room Hotel Vancouver, opened in 1939 and the third by that name, is across the street with its copper roof. The Gothic - style Christ Church Cathedral, across from the hotel, opened in 1894 and was declared a heritage building in 1976. Completed in 2008, Living Shangri - La is the tallest building in Vancouver. There are several modern buildings in the downtown area, including the Harbour Centre, the Vancouver Law Courts and surrounding plaza known as Robson Square ( designed by Arthur Erickson ) and the Vancouver Library Square ( designed by Moshe Safdie and DA Architects ), reminiscent of the Colosseum in Rome, and the recently completed Woodward 's building Redevelopment ( designed by Henriquez Partners Architects ). The original BC Hydro headquarters building ( designed by Ron Thom and Ned Pratt ) at Nelson and Burrard Streets is a modernist high - rise, now converted into the Electra condominia. Also notable is the `` concrete waffle '' of the MacMillan Bloedel building on the north - east corner of the Georgia and Thurlow intersection. A prominent addition to the city 's landscape is the giant tent - frame Canada Place ( designed by Zeidler Roberts Partnership Partnership, MCMP & DA Architects ), the former Canada Pavilion from the 1986 World Exposition, which includes part of the Convention Centre, the Pan-Pacific Hotel, and a cruise ship terminal. Two modern buildings that define the southern skyline away from the downtown area are City Hall and the Centennial Pavilion of Vancouver General Hospital, both designed by Townley and Matheson in 1936 and 1958, respectively. A collection of Edwardian buildings in the city 's old downtown core were, in their day, the tallest commercial buildings in the British Empire. These were, in succession, the Carter - Cotton Building ( former home of The Vancouver Province newspaper ), the Dominion Building ( 1907 ) and the Sun Tower ( 1911 ), the former two at Cambie and Hastings Streets and the latter at Beatty and Pender Streets. The Sun Tower 's cupola was finally exceeded as the Empire 's tallest commercial building by the elaborate Art Deco Marine Building in the 1920s. The Marine Building is known for its elaborate ceramic tile facings and brass - gilt doors and elevators, which make it a favourite location for movie shoots. Topping the list of tallest buildings in Vancouver is Living Shangri - La at 201 metres ( 659 feet ) and 62 storeys. The second - tallest building in Vancouver is the Trump International Hotel and Tower at 188 metres ( 617 feet ), followed by the Private Residences at Hotel Georgia, at 156 metres ( 512 feet ). The fourth - tallest is One Wall Centre at 150 metres ( 490 feet ) and 48 storeys, followed closely by the Shaw Tower at 149 metres ( 489 feet ). Demographics Main article : Demographics of Vancouver Religion in Metro Vancouver ( 2011 ) Christian ( 41.7 % ) No Religion ( 41.5 % ) Sikh ( 6.8 % ) Buddhist ( 3.4 % ) Muslim ( 3.2 % ) Jewish ( 1.8 % ) Hindu ( 1.8 % ) Other ( 0.8 % ) The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth - largest among Canadian cities. More specifically, Vancouver is the fourth - largest in Western Canada after Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg. The metropolitan area referred to as Greater Vancouver, with more than 2.4 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. The larger Lower Mainland - Southwest economic region ( which includes also the Squamish - Lillooet, Fraser Valley, and Sunshine Coast Regional District ) has a population of over 2.93 million. With 5,249 people per square km ( 13,590 per sq mi ), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated of Canadian municipalities having more than 5,000 residents. Approximately 74 percent of the people living in Metro Vancouver live outside the city. Vancouver has been called a `` city of neighbourhoods ''. Each neighbourhood in Vancouver has a distinct character and ethnic mix. People of English, Scottish, and Irish origins were historically the largest ethnic groups in the city, and elements of British society and culture are still visible in some areas, particularly South Granville and Kerrisdale. Germans are the next - largest European ethnic group in Vancouver and were a leading force in the city 's society and economy until the rise of anti-German sentiment with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Today the Chinese are the largest visible ethnic group in the city, with a diverse Chinese - speaking community, and several dialects, including Cantonese and Mandarin. Neighbourhoods with distinct ethnic commercial areas include the Chinatown, Punjabi Market, Little Italy, Greektown, and ( formerly ) Japantown. Vancouver 's Chinatown is Canada 's largest Chinatown. The city holds one of the largest concentration of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse ; 52 % do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30 % of the city 's inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are South Asian ( mostly Punjabi ) usually referred to as Indo - Canadian ( 5.7 % ), Filipino ( 5.0 % ), Japanese ( 1.7 % ), Korean ( 1.5 % ), as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians. Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and ' 90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant ( 3.6 % and 3.3 % of total immigrant population, respectively ). The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities, making up 0.9 % of the city. The neighbourhood of Strathcona was the core of the city 's Jewish community. Hogan 's Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community. In 1981, less than 7 % of the population belonged to a visible minority group. By 2008, this proportion had grown to 51 %. Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third - largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans, including Russians, Czechs, Poles, Romanians and Hungarians began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early ' 70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area. Vancouver also has a significant aboriginal community of about 11,000 people. Vancouver has a large LGBT community focused on the West End neighbourhood lining a certain stretch of Davie Street, recently officially designated as Davie Village, though the gay community is omnipresent throughout West End and Yaletown areas. Vancouver is host to one of the country 's largest annual LGBT pride parades. Vancouver Year Pop. ± % 1891 13,709 -- 1901 26,133 + 90.6 % 1911 100,401 + 284.2 % 1921 117,217 + 16.7 % 1931 246,593 + 110.4 % 1941 275,353 + 11.7 % 1951 344,833 + 25.2 % 1956 365,844 + 6.1 % 1961 384,522 + 5.1 % 1966 410,375 + 6.7 % 1971 426,256 + 3.9 % 1976 410,188 − 3.8 % 1981 414,281 + 1.0 % 1986 431,147 + 4.1 % 1991 471,644 + 9.4 % 514,008 + 9.0 % 2001 545,671 + 6.2 % 2006 578,041 + 5.9 % 2011 603,502 + 4.4 % 2016 631,486 + 4.6 % Canada 2016 Census Population % of Total Population Visible minority group Source : Chinese 167,180 7001283000000000000 ♠ 28.3 % South Asian 37,130 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 % Black 6,345 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 % Filipino 36,460 7000590000000000000 ♠ 5.9 % Latin American 10,935 7000180000000000000 ♠ 1.8 % Arab 2,965 6999500000000000000 ♠ 0.5 % Southeast Asian 17,120 7000280000000099999 ♠ 2.8 % West Asian 8,630 7000140000000099999 ♠ 1.4 % Korean 9,360 7000150000000000000 ♠ 1.5 % Japanese 10,315 7000170000000000000 ♠ 1.7 % Other visible minority 1,500 6999200000000000000 ♠ 0.2 % Mixed visible minority 11,070 7000180000000000000 ♠ 1.8 % Total visible minority population 352,430 7001596000000000000 ♠ 59.6 % Aboriginal group Source : First Nations 8,930 7000140000000099999 ♠ 1.4 % Métis 4,405 6999700000000000000 ♠ 0.7 % Inuit 105 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0 % Total Aboriginal population 13,905 7000240000000000000 ♠ 2.4 % European Canadian 285,295 7001461000000000000 ♠ 46.1 % Total population 591,210 100 % Economy Main article : Economy of Vancouver The Port of Vancouver is the largest port in Canada, and the third largest port in the Americas ( by tonnage ). With its location on the Pacific Rim and at the western terminus of Canada 's transcontinental highway and rail routes, Vancouver is one of the nation 's largest industrial centres. Port Metro Vancouver, Canada 's largest and most diversified port, does more than C $ 172 billion in trade with over 160 different trading economies annually. Port activities generate $9.7 billion in gross domestic product and $20.3 billion in economic output. Vancouver is also the headquarters of forest product and mining companies. In recent years, Vancouver has become a centre for software development, biotechnology, aerospace, video game development, animation studios and television production and film industry. Vancouver hosts approximately 65 movies and 55 TV series annually and is the 3rd largest film & TV production centre in North America, supporting 20,000 jobs. The city 's strong focus on lifestyle and health culture also makes it a hub for many lifestyle - brands with Lululemon, Arc'teryx, Kit and Ace, Mountain Equipment Co-op, Herschel Supply Co., Aritzia, Reigning Champ, and Nature 's Path Foods all founded and headquartered in Vancouver. Stanley Park is a 405 - hectare ( 1,001 - acre ) public park, and major tourist destination, that borders downtown Vancouver. Vancouver 's scenic location makes it a major tourist destination. Over 10.3 million people visited Vancouver in 2017. Annually, tourism contributes approximately $4.8 billion to the Metro Vancouver economy and supports over 70,000 jobs. Many visit to see the city 's gardens, Stanley Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, VanDusen Botanical Garden and the mountains, ocean, forest and parklands which surround the city. Each year over a million people pass through Vancouver on cruise ship vacations, often bound for Alaska. Vancouver is the most stressed city in the spectrum of affordability of housing in Canada. In 2012, Vancouver was ranked by Demographia as the second-most unaffordable city in the world, rated as even more severely unaffordable in 2012 than in 2011. The city has adopted various strategies to reduce housing costs, including cooperative housing, legalized secondary suites, increased density and smart growth. As of April 2010, the average two - level home in Vancouver sold for a record high of $987,500, compared with the Canadian average of $365,141. A factor explaining the high property prices may be policies by the Canadian government which permit snow washing, which allows foreigners to buy property in Canada while shielding their identities from tax authorities, making real estate transactions an effective way to conduct money laundering. Since the 1990s, development of high - rise condominia in the downtown peninsula has been financed, in part, by an inflow of capital from Hong Kong immigrants due to the former colony 's 1997 handover to China. Such development has clustered in the Yaletown and Coal Harbour districts and around many of the SkyTrain stations to the east of the downtown. The city 's selection to co-host the 2010 Winter Olympics was also a major influence on economic development. Concern was expressed that Vancouver 's increasing homelessness problem would be exacerbated by the Olympics because owners of single room occupancy hotels, which house many of the city 's lowest income residents, converted their properties to attract higher income residents and tourists. Another significant international event held in Vancouver, the 1986 World Exposition, received over 20 million visitors and added $3.7 billion to the Canadian economy. Some still - standing Vancouver landmarks, including the SkyTrain public transit system and Canada Place, were built as part of the exposition. Government Main article : Government and politics of Vancouver Opened in 1936, Vancouver City Hall is home to Vancouver City Council. Vancouver, unlike other British Columbia municipalities, is incorporated under the Vancouver Charter. The legislation, passed in 1953, supersedes the Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921 and grants the city more and different powers than other communities possess under BC 's Municipalities Act. The civic government was dominated by the centre - right Non-Partisan Association ( NPA ) since World War II, albeit with some significant centre - left interludes until 2008. The NPA fractured over the issue of drug policy in 2002, facilitating a landslide victory for the Coalition of Progressive Electors ( COPE ) on a harm reduction platform. Subsequently, North America 's only legal safe injection site was opened for the significant number of intravenous heroin users in the city. Vancouver is governed by the eleven - member Vancouver City Council, a nine - member School Board, and a seven - member Park Board, all of whom serve three - year terms. Unusually for a city of Vancouver 's size, all municipal elections are on an at - large basis. Historically, in all levels of government, the more affluent west side of Vancouver has voted along conservative or liberal lines while the eastern side of the city has voted along left - wing lines. This was reaffirmed with the results of the 2005 provincial election and the 2006 federal election. Though polarized, a political consensus has emerged in Vancouver around a number of issues. Protection of urban parks, a focus on the development of rapid transit as opposed to a freeway system, a harm - reduction approach to illegal drug use, and a general concern about community - based development are examples of policies that have come to have broad support across the political spectrum in Vancouver. Gregor Robertson is the 39th Mayor of Vancouver. He was elected to the position in 2008. In the 2008 Municipal Election campaign, NPA incumbent mayor Sam Sullivan was ousted as mayoral candidate by the party in a close vote, which instated Peter Ladner as the new mayoral candidate for the NPA. Gregor Robertson, a former MLA for Vancouver - Fairview and head of Happy Planet, was the mayoral candidate for Vision Vancouver, the other main contender. Vision Vancouver candidate Gregor Robertson defeated Ladner by a considerable margin, nearing 20,000 votes. The balance of power was significantly shifted to Vision Vancouver, which held seven of the 10 spots for councillor. Of the remaining three, COPE received two and the NPA one. For park commissioner, four spots went to Vision Vancouver, one to the Green Party, one to COPE, and one to NPA. For school trustee, there were four Vision Vancouver seats, three COPE seats, and two NPA seats. Vancouver 's budget consists of a capital and an operating component. The 2017 operating budget was $1.323 billion, while the 2018 operating budget is $1.407 billion ( a year over year increase of 6.4 % ). The capital budget for 2018 is unchanged from 2017 and stands at $426.4 million. Budget increases are largely funded through increases in property taxes and community amenity contributions imposed in exchange for increases in allowable density as part of the construction permitting process. Utility fees and other user fees have also been increased, but represent a comparatively small portion of Vancouver 's overall budget. Regional government Vancouver is a member municipality of Metro Vancouver, a regional government. In total there are 22 municipalities, one electoral area and one treaty First Nation comprising Metro Vancouver, the regional government whose seat is in Burnaby. While each member of Metro Vancouver has its own separate local governing body, Metro Vancouver oversees common services and planning functions within the area such as providing drinking water ; operating sewage and solid waste handling ; maintaining regional parks ; overseeing air quality, greenhouse gases and ecological health ; and providing a strategy for regional growth and land use. Provincial and federal representation In the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Vancouver is represented by 11 Members of the Legislative Assembly ( MLAs ). As of July 2017, there are three seats held by the BC Liberal Party and eight by the BC New Democratic Party. In the House of Commons of Canada, Vancouver is represented by six Members of Parliament. In the most recent 2015 federal election, the Liberals retained two ( Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver Centre ) seats and gained another two, while the NDP held on to the two seats ( Vancouver East and Vancouver Kingsway ), they held at dissolution while the Conservatives were shut out of the city. Currently, two Cabinet Minister hail from the city. Jody Wilson - Raybould is the Attorney General of Canada, while Harjit Sajjan is the Minister of National Defence. Policing and crime Vancouver operates the Vancouver Police Department, with a strength of 1,327 sworn members and an operating budget of $257.6 million in 2015. Over 16 % of the city 's budget was spent on police protection in 2005. Mounted officers of the Vancouver Police Department in Stanley Park. The Vancouver Police Department 's operational divisions include a bicycle squad, a marine squad, and a dog squad. It also has a mounted squad, used primarily to patrol Stanley Park and occasionally the Downtown Eastside and West End, as well as for crowd control. The police work in conjunction with civilian and volunteer run Community Police Centres. In 2006, the police department established its own Counter Terrorism Unit. In 2005, a new transit police force, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service ( now South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service ), was established with full police powers. Although it is illegal, Vancouver police generally do not arrest people for possessing small amounts of marijuana. In 2000 the Vancouver Police Department established a specialized drug squad, `` Growbusters '', to carry out an aggressive campaign against the city 's estimated 4,000 hydroponic marijuana growing operations ( or grow - ops ) in residential areas. As with other law enforcement campaigns targeting marijuana this initiative has been sharply criticized. As of 2008, Vancouver had the seventh - highest crime rate, dropping 3 spots since 2005, among Canada 's 27 census metropolitan areas. However, as with other Canadian cities, the overall crime rate has been falling `` dramatically ''. Vancouver 's property crime rate is particularly high, ranking among the highest for major North American cities. But even property crime dropped 10.5 % between 2004 and 2005. For 2006, Metro Vancouver had the highest rate of gun - related violent crime of any major metropolitan region in Canada, with 45.3 violent offences involving guns for every 100,000 people in Metro Vancouver, above the national average of 27.5. A series of gang - related incidents in early 2009 escalated into what police have dubbed a gang war. Vancouver plays host to special events such as the Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation conference, the Clinton - Yeltsin Summit, or the Symphony of Fire fireworks show that require significant policing. The 1994 Stanley Cup riot overwhelmed police and injured as many as 200 people. A second riot took place following the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. Military Jericho Beach in Vancouver is the location of the headquarters of 39 Canadian Brigade Group of the Canadian Army. Local primary reserve units include The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada and The British Columbia Regiment ( Duke of Connaught 's Own ), based at the Seaforth Armoury and the Beatty Street Drill Hall, respectively, and the 15th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. The Naval Reserve Unit HMCS Discovery is based on Deadman 's Island in Stanley Park. RCAF Station Jericho Beach, the first air base in Western Canada, was taken over by the Canadian Army in 1947 when sea planes were replaced by long - range aircraft. Most of the base facilities were transferred to the City of Vancouver in 1969 and the area renamed `` Jericho Park ''. Education Headquarters of Vancouver School Board. The English - language school district serves Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands. The Vancouver School Board enrolls more than 110,000 students in its elementary, secondary, and post-secondary institutions, making it the second - largest school district in the province. The district administers about 76 elementary schools, 17 elementary annexes, 18 secondary schools, 7 adult education centres, 2 Vancouver Learning Network schools, which include 18 French immersion, a Mandarin bilingual, a fine arts, gifted, and Montessori schools. The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie - Britannique operates three Francophone schools in that city : the primary schools école Rose - des - vents and école Anne - Hébert as well as the école secondaire Jules - Verne. More than 46 independent schools of a wide variety are also eligible for partial provincial funding and educate approximately 10 % of pupils in the city. Main mall of the University of British Columbia ( UBC ). UBC is one of five public universities located in Vancouver. There are five public universities in the Greater Vancouver area, the largest being the University of British Columbia ( UBC ) and Simon Fraser University ( SFU ), with a combined enrolment of more than 90,000 undergraduates, graduates, and professional students in 2008. UBC consistently ranks among the 40 best universities in the world, and is among the 20 best public universities. SFU consistently ranks as the top comprehensive university in Canada and is among the 200 best universities in the world. UBC 's main campus is located on the tip of Burrard Peninsula, just west of the University Endowment Lands with the city - proper adjacent to the east. SFU 's main campus is in Burnaby. Both also maintain campuses in Downtown Vancouver and Surrey. The other public universities in the metropolitan area around Vancouver are Capilano University in North Vancouver, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, and Kwantlen Polytechnic University whose four campuses are all outside the city proper. Six private institutions also operate in the region : Trinity Western University in Langley, and University Canada West, NYIT Canada, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Columbia College, and Sprott Shaw College, all in Vancouver. Vancouver Community College and Langara College are publicly funded college - level institutions in Vancouver, as is Douglas College with three campuses outside the city. The British Columbia Institute of Technology in Burnaby provides polytechnic education. These are augmented by private institutions and other colleges in the surrounding areas of Metro Vancouver that provide career, trade, and university - transfer programs, while the Vancouver Film School provides one - year programs in film production and video game design. International students and English as a Second Language ( ESL ) students have been significant in the enrolment of these public and private institutions. For the 2008 -- 2009 school year, 53 % of Vancouver School Board 's students spoke a language other than English at home. Arts and culture Opened in 2005, Vancouver International Film Centre houses production rooms and offices for the Vancouver International Film Festival. Theatre, dance, Film and television Theatre Prominent theatre companies in Vancouver include the Arts Club Theatre Company on Granville Island, and Bard on the Beach. Smaller companies include Touchstone Theatre, and Studio 58. The Cultch, The Firehall Arts Centre, United Players, Pacific and Metro Theatres, all run continuous theatre seasons. Theatre Under the Stars produces shows in the summer at Malkin Bowl in Stanley Park. Annual festivals that are held in Vancouver include the PuSh International Performing Arts Festival in January and the Vancouver Fringe Festival in September. The Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company operated for fifty years, ending in March 2012. Dance The Scotiabank Dance Centre, a converted bank building on the corner of Davie and Granville, functions as a gathering place and performance venue for Vancouver - based dancers and choreographers. Dances for a Small Stage is a semi-annual dance festival. Film The Vancouver International Film Festival, which runs for two weeks each September, shows over 350 films and is one of the larger film festivals in North America. The Vancouver International Film Centre venue, the Vancity Theatre, runs independent non-commercial films throughout the rest of the year, as do the Pacific Cinémathèque, and the Rio theatres. Films set in Vancouver Main article : List of filming locations in the Vancouver area Vancouver has become a major film location, known as Hollywood North, as it has stood in for several U.S. cities. However, it has started to appear as itself in several feature films. Among films set in the city and its surroundings are the 1989 U.S. romantic comedy - drama Cousins, starring Ted Danson and Isabella Rossellini ; the 1994 US thriller Intersection, starring Richard Gere and Sharon Stone ; the 2007 Canadian ghost thriller They Wait, starring Terry Chen and Jaime King ; and the acclaimed Canadian ' mockumentary ' Hard Core Logo, and was named the second - best Canadian film of the last 15 years, in a 2001 poll of 200 industry voters, performed by Playback. The Bridge Studios is one of several film studios in Vancouver. Television shows produced in Vancouver Many past and current TV shows have been filmed and set in Vancouver. The first Canadian prime time national series to be produced out of Vancouver was Cold Squad and its storyline was also physically set in the city. Other series set in or around the city of Vancouver include Continuum, Da Vinci 's Inquest, Danger Bay, Edgemont, Godiva 's, Intelligence, Motive, Northwood, Primeval : New World, Robson Arms, The Romeo Section, Shattered, The Switch, and These Arms of Mine. Television shows produced ( but not set ) in Vancouver include 21 Jump Street, The 100, The 4400, Airwolf, Almost Human, Arrow, Backstrom, Caprica, Cedar Cove, Chesapeake Shores, The Commish, Dark Angel, Dirk Gently 's Holistic Detective Agency, The Flash, The Good Doctor, Haters Back Off, Hellcats, Intelligence, iZombie, The Killing, The L Word, Life Unexpected, The Man in the High Castle, Once Upon a Time, Psych, Reaper, Riverdale, Rogue, Smallville, Stargate SG - 1, Supergirl, Supernatural, The Tomorrow People, The Magicians, Tru Calling, Van Helsing, Witches of East End, and The X-Files. Libraries and museums Science World is an interactive science centre. The building was originally constructed for Expo 86. Libraries in Vancouver include the Vancouver Public Library with its main branch at Library Square, designed by Moshe Safdie. The central branch contains 1.5 million volumes. Altogether there are twenty - two branches containing 2.25 million volumes. The Vancouver Tool Library is Canada 's original tool lending library. The Vancouver Art Gallery has a permanent collection of nearly 10,000 items and is the home of a significant number of works by Emily Carr. However, little or none of the permanent collection is ever on view. Downtown is also home to the Contemporary Art Gallery ( Vancouver ), which showcases temporary exhibitions by up - and - coming Vancouver artists. The Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery with a small collection of contemporary works is part of the University of British Columbia. In the Kitsilano district are the Vancouver Maritime Museum, the H.R. MacMillan Space Centre, and the Vancouver Museum, the largest civic museum in Canada. The Museum of Anthropology at UBC is a leading museum of Pacific Northwest Coast First Nations culture. A more interactive museum is Science World at the head of False Creek. The city also features a diverse collection of Public Art. Visual Art See also : Public art in Vancouver The Inukshuk at English Bay. The inukshuk is one of several pieces of public art on display in Vancouver. The Vancouver School of conceptual photography ( often referred to as photoconceptualism ) is a term applied to a grouping of artists from Vancouver who achieved international recognition starting in the 1980s. No formal `` school '' exists and the grouping remains both informal and often controversial even among the artists themselves, who often resist the term. Artists associated with the term include Jeff Wall, Ian Wallace, Ken Lum, Roy Arden, Stan Douglas and Rodney Graham. Music and nightlife See also : Music of Vancouver Musical contributions from Vancouver include performers of classical, folk and popular music. The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra is the professional orchestra based in the city. The Vancouver Opera is a major opera company in the city, and City Opera of Vancouver is the city 's professional chamber opera company. The city is home to a number of Canadian composers including Rodney Sharman, Jeffrey Ryan, and Jocelyn Morlock. The Granville Entertainment District downtown can attract large crowds to the street 's many bars and nightclubs. The city produced a number of notable punk rock bands, including D.O.A. Other early Vancouver punk bands included the Subhumans, the Young Canadians, the Pointed Sticks, and UJ3RK5. When alternative rock became popular in the 1990s, several Vancouver groups rose to prominence, including 54 - 40, Odds, Moist, the Matthew Good Band, Sons of Freedom and Econoline Crush. Recent successful Vancouver bands include Gob, Marianas Trench, Theory of a Deadman and Stabilo. Today, Vancouver is home to a number of popular independent bands such as The New Pornographers, Japandroids, Destroyer, In Medias Res, Tegan and Sara, and independent labels including Nettwerk and Mint. Vancouver also produced influential metal band Strapping Young Lad and pioneering electro - industrial bands Skinny Puppy, Numb and Front Line Assembly ; the latter 's Bill Leeb is better known for founding ambient pop super-group Delerium. Other popular musical artists who made their mark from Vancouver include Carly Rae Jepsen, Bryan Adams, Sarah McLachlan, Heart, Prism, Trooper, Chilliwack, Payolas, Moev, Images in Vogue, Michael Bublé, Stef Lang and Spirit of the West. Larger musical performances are usually held at venues such as Rogers Arena, Queen Elizabeth Theatre, BC Place Stadium or the Pacific Coliseum, while smaller acts are held at places such as the Commodore Ballroom, the Orpheum Theatre and the Vogue Theatre. The Vancouver Folk Music Festival and the Vancouver International Jazz Festival showcase music in their respective genres from around the world. Vancouver 's Hong Kong Chinese population has produced several Cantopop stars across the Hong Kong entertainment industry. Similarly, various Indo - Canadian artists and actors have a profile in Bollywood or other aspects of India 's entertainment industry. Vancouver has a vibrant nightlife scene, whether it be food and dining, or bars and nightclubs. The Granville Entertainment District has the city 's highest concentration of bars and nightclubs with closing times of 3 am, in addition to various after - hours clubs open until late morning on weekends. The street can attract large crowds on weekends and is closed to traffic on such nights. Gastown is also a popular area for nightlife with many upscale restaurants and nightclubs, as well as the Davie Village which is centre to the city 's LGBT community. Media Main article : Media in Vancouver Granville Square ( centre building ) houses the two major daily newspapers of the city, The Vancouver Sun, and The Province. Vancouver is a film and television production centre. Nicknamed Hollywood North, a distinction it shares with Toronto, the city has been used as a film making location for nearly a century, beginning with the Edison Manufacturing Company. In 2008 more than 260 productions were filmed in Vancouver. In 2011 Vancouver slipped to fourth place overall at 1.19 billion, although the region still leads Canada in foreign production. A wide mix of local, national, and international newspapers are distributed in the city. The two major English - language daily newspapers are The Vancouver Sun and The Province. Also, there are two national newspapers distributed in the city, including The Globe and Mail, which began publication of a `` national edition '' in B.C. in 1983 and recently expanded to include a three - page B.C. news section, and the National Post which centres on national news. Other local newspapers include 24H ( a local free daily ), the Vancouver franchise of the national free daily Metro, the twice - a-week Vancouver Courier, and the independent newspaper The Georgia Straight. Three Chinese - language daily newspapers, Ming Pao, Sing Tao and World Journal cater to the city 's large Cantonese - and Mandarin - speaking population. A number of other local and international papers serve other multicultural groups in the Lower Mainland. 750 Burrard Street houses Bell Media 's west coast headquarters, and the regional offices for The Globe and Mail. Some of the local television stations include CBC, Citytv, CTV and Global BC. OMNI British Columbia produces daily newscasts in Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi and Korean, and weekly newscasts in Tagalog, as well as programs aimed at other cultural groups. Fairchild Group also has two television stations : Fairchild TV and Talentvision, serving Cantonese - and Mandarin - speaking audiences, respectively. Radio stations with news departments include CBC Radio One, CKNW and News 1130. The Franco - Columbian community is served by Radio - Canada outlets CBUFT channel 26 ( Télévision de Radio - Canada ), CBUF - FM 97.7 ( Première Chaîne ) and CBUX - FM 90.9 ( Espace musique ). The multilingual South Asian community is served by Spice Radio on 1200 AM established in 2014. Media dominance is a frequently discussed issue in Vancouver as newspapers The Vancouver Sun, The Province, the Vancouver Courier and other local newspapers such as the Surrey Now, the Burnaby Now and the Richmond News, are all owned by Postmedia Network. The concentration of media ownership has spurred alternatives, making Vancouver a centre for independent online media including The Tyee, the Vancouver Observer, and NowPublic, as well as hyperlocal online media, like Vancouver Is Awesome, which provide coverage of community events and local arts and culture. Transportation Main article : Transportation in Vancouver See also : List of roads in Vancouver Map of Vancouver 's rapid transit network, operated by TransLink. Vancouver 's streetcar system began on 28 June 1890, and ran from the ( first ) Granville Street Bridge to Westminster Avenue ( now Main Street and Kingsway ). Less than a year later, the Westminster and Vancouver Tramway Company began operating Canada 's first interurban line between the two cities ( extended to Chilliwack in 1910 ). Another line ( 1902 ), the Vancouver and Lulu Island Railway, was leased by the Canadian Pacific Railway to the British Columbia Electric Railway in 1905 and ran from the Granville Street Bridge to Steveston via Kerrisdale, which encouraged residential neighbourhoods outside the central core to develop. From 1897 the British Columbia Electric Railway ( BCER ) became the company that operated the urban and interurban rail system, until 1958, when its last vestiges were dismantled in favour of `` trackless '' trolley and gasoline / diesel buses ; in that same year the BCER became the core of the newly created, publicly owned BC Hydro. Vancouver currently has the second - largest trolleybus fleet in North America, after San Francisco. Off and on - ramps leading to British Columbia Highway 1 in Vancouver. Highway 1 is the only controlled - access highway within the city limits. Successive city councils in the 1970s and 1980s prohibited the construction of freeways as part of a long - term plan. As a result, the only major freeway within city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the north - eastern corner of the city. While the number of cars in Vancouver proper has been steadily rising with population growth, the rate of car ownership and the average distance driven by daily commuters have fallen since the early 1990s. Vancouver is the only major Canadian city with these trends. Despite the fact that the journey time per vehicle has increased by one - third and growing traffic mass, there are 7 % fewer cars making trips into the downtown core. In 2012, Vancouver had the worst traffic congestion in Canada and the second - highest in North America, behind Los Angeles. As of 2013, Vancouver now has the worst traffic congestion in North America. Residents have been more inclined to live in areas closer to their interests, or use more energy - efficient means of travel, such as mass transit and cycling. This is, in part, the result of a push by city planners for a solution to traffic problems and pro-environment campaigns. Transportation demand management policies have imposed restrictions on drivers making it more difficult and expensive to commute while introducing more benefits for non-drivers. Vancouver 's SkyTrain in the Grandview Cut, with downtown Vancouver in the background. The white dome - like structure is the old roof of BC Place Stadium TransLink is responsible for roads and public transportation within Metro Vancouver ( in succession to B.C. Transit, which had taken over the transit functions of B.C. Hydro ). It provides bus service, including the B - Line rapid bus service, a foot passenger and bicycle ferry service ( known as SeaBus ), an automated rapid transit service called SkyTrain, and West Coast Express commuter rail. Vancouver 's SkyTrain system is currently running on three lines, the Millennium Line, the Expo Line and the Canada Line with a total of 53 stations as of 2017. Only 20 of these stations are within the City of Vancouver borders, with the remainders in the adjacent suburbs. A number of city 's biggest tourist attractions, such as English Bay / Stanley Park, the Vancouver Aquarium, University of British Columbia with the Museum of Anthropology, and Kitsilano are not connected by this rapid transit system. Changes are being made to the regional transportation network as part of Translink 's 10 - Year Transportation Plan. The Canada Line, opened on 17 August 2009, connects Vancouver International Airport and the neighbouring city of Richmond with the existing SkyTrain system. The Evergreen Extension which opened on 2 December 2016 links the cities of Coquitlam and Port Moody with the SkyTrain system. There are also plans to extend the SkyTrain Millennium Line west to UBC as a subway under Broadway and capacity upgrades and an extension to the Expo Line. Several road projects will be completed within the next few years, as part of the Provincial Government 's Gateway Program. Other modes of transport add to the diversity of options available in Vancouver. Inter-city passenger rail service is operated from Pacific Central Station by Via Rail to points east, Amtrak Cascades to Seattle and Portland, and Rocky Mountaineer rail tour routes. Small passenger ferries operating in False Creek provide commuter service to Granville Island, Downtown Vancouver and Kitsilano. Vancouver has a citywide network of bicycle lanes and routes, which supports an active population of cyclists year - round. Cycling has become Vancouver 's fastest - growing mode of transportation. The bicycle - sharing system Mobi was introduced to the city in June 2016. Vancouver is served by Vancouver International Airport ( YVR ), located on Sea Island in the city of Richmond, immediately south of Vancouver. Vancouver 's airport is Canada 's second - busiest airport, and the second - largest gateway on the west coast of North America for international passengers. HeliJet and float plane companies operate scheduled air service from Vancouver harbour and YVR south terminal. The city is also served by two BC Ferry terminals. One is to the northwest at Horseshoe Bay ( in West Vancouver ), and the other is to the south, at Tsawwassen ( in Delta ). Sports and recreation Main article : Sports in Vancouver Third Beach is one of many beaches located in Vancouver. Given the city 's proximity to the ocean, and mountains, the area is a popular destination for outdoor recreation. The mild climate of the city and proximity to ocean, mountains, rivers and lakes make the area a popular destination for outdoor recreation. Vancouver has over 1,298 hectares ( 3,210 acres ) of parks, of which, Stanley Park, at 404 hectares ( 1,000 acres ), is the largest. The city has several large beaches, many adjacent to one another, extending from the shoreline of Stanley Park around False Creek to the south side of English Bay, from Kitsilano to the University Endowment Lands, ( which also has beaches that are not part of the city proper ). The 18 kilometres ( 11 mi ) of beaches include Second and Third Beaches in Stanley Park, English Bay ( First Beach ), Sunset, Kitsilano Beach, Jericho, Locarno, Spanish Banks, Spanish Banks Extension, Spanish Banks West, and Wreck Beach. There is also a freshwater beach at Trout Lake in John Hendry Park. The coastline provides for many types of water sport, and the city is a popular destination for boating enthusiasts. Within a 20 - to 30 - minute drive from downtown Vancouver are the North Shore Mountains, with three ski areas : Cypress Mountain, Grouse Mountain, and Mount Seymour. Mountain bikers have created world - renowned trails across the North Shore. The Capilano River, Lynn Creek and Seymour River, also on the North Shore, provide opportunities to whitewater enthusiasts during periods of rain and spring melt, though the canyons of those rivers are more utilized for hiking and swimming than whitewater. Running races include the Vancouver Sun Run ( a 10 - kilometre ( 6.2 mi ) race ) every April ; the Vancouver Marathon, held every May ; and the Scotiabank Vancouver Half - Marathon held every June. The Grouse Grind is a 2.9 - kilometre ( 1.8 mi ) climb up Grouse Mountain open throughout the summer and fall months, including the annual Grouse Grind Mountain Run. Hiking trails include the Baden - Powell Trail, an arduous 42 - kilometre - long ( 26 mi ) hike from West Vancouver 's Horseshoe Bay to Deep Cove in the District of North Vancouver. BC Place is a multi-purpose stadium that is home to the BC Lions of the CFL and the Vancouver Whitecaps FC of MLS. Vancouver is also home to notable cycling races. Most summers since 1973, the Global Relay Gastown Grand Prix has been held on the cobblestone streets of Gastown. This race and the UBC Grand Prix are part of BC Superweek, an annual series of professional cycling races in Metro Vancouver. In 2009, Metro Vancouver hosted the World Police and Fire Games. Swangard Stadium, in the neighbouring city of Burnaby, hosted games for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Vancouver, along with Whistler and Richmond, was the host city for the 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2010 Winter Paralympics. On 12 June 2010, it played host to Ultimate Fighting Championship 115 ( UFC 115 ) which was the fourth UFC event to be held in Canada ( and the first outside Montreal ). In 2011, Vancouver hosted the Grey Cup, the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) championship game which is awarded every year to a different city which has a CFL team. The BC Titans of the International Basketball League played their inaugural season in 2009, with home games at the Langley Event Centre. Vancouver is a centre for the fast - growing sport of ultimate. During the summer of 2008 Vancouver hosted the World Ultimate Championships. The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) came to town in the form of the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1995. They played their games at Rogers Arena. After 6 years in Vancouver, the team relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001. The Vancouver Canucks is an NHL team who play their home games in Rogers Arena. In 2015, Vancouver was one of six venues for the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup and hosted the Final game between the United States and Japan. Vancouver has an adult obesity rate of 12 % compared to the Canadian average of 23 %. 51.8 % of Vancouverites are overweight, making it the fourth - thinnest city in Canada after Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax. Current professional teams Professional Team League Sport Venue Established Championships BC Lions Canadian Football League ( CFL ) Football BC Place 1954 6 Vancouver Canucks National Hockey League ( NHL ) Ice hockey Rogers Arena 1970 ( 1945 : PCHL ) 0 ( 6 in previous leagues ) Vancouver Whitecaps FC Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Soccer BC Place 2009 ( 1974 : NASL ) 0 ( 7 in previous leagues ) Vancouver Canadians Northwest League ( NWL ) Baseball Nat Bailey Stadium 2000 Vancouver Giants Western Hockey League ( WHL ) Ice hockey Langley Events Centre 2001 Vancouver Stealth National Lacrosse League ( NLL ) Lacrosse Langley Events Centre 2014 0 ( 1 as the Washington Stealth ) Twin towns -- sister cities The City of Vancouver was one of the first cities in Canada to enter into an international sister cities arrangement. Special arrangements for cultural, social and economic benefits have been created with these sister cities. Country Municipality Year Ukraine Odessa 1944 Japan Yokohama 1965 United Kingdom Edinburgh 1978 China Guangzhou 1985 United States Los Angeles 1986 Sustainability Container recycling, paper recycling and garbage bin in Vancouver. The City of Vancouver has taken a number of steps to become a sustainable city. Ninety - three percent of the electricity used in Vancouver is generated using sustainable resources such as hydroelectric power. The city is also actively working towards becoming a greener city. The City of Vancouver has crafted an action plan of goals it has set to meet by 2020, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, encouraging the growth of green jobs and businesses, requiring green construction, and reducing waste. Greenest city initiative The Greenest City action plan, otherwise known as GCAP, is a City of Vancouver urban sustainability initiative. Its primary mission is to ensure that Vancouver becomes the greenest city in the world by the year 2020. The GCAP originated based on the 2009 work of the Greenest City Action Team, a committee co-chaired by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson. The GCAP was approved by Vancouver city council in July 2011. Notable people Main article : List of people from Vancouver See also Vancouver portal East Vancouver Vancouver Fire and Rescue Services Gentrification of Vancouver Leaky condo crisis History of Squamish and Tsleil - Waututh longshoremen, 1863 -- 1963 Notes Jump up ^ 1981 -- 2010 normals are for Vancouver International Airport, while extreme high and low temperatures are from Vancouver PMO ( October 1898 to May 1945 ), and Vancouver International Airport ( January 1937 to present ). References Jump up ^ http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=0973&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 Jump up ^ `` Population size and growth in Canada : Key results from the 2016 Census ''. 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Surrey, BC : Linkman Press. p. 780. ISBN 978 - 1 - 896846 - 00 - 2. Jump up ^ `` Our History : Acquisitions, Retail, Woodward 's Stores Limited ''. Hudson 's Bay Company. Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` British Columbia facts -- economic history ''. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` BC Sugar ''. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved 29 May 2014. The dream had become reality : B.C. Sugar was incorporated March 26, 1890. Its president, Benjamin Tingley Rogers, was 24. Jump up ^ McCandless, R.C. ( 1974 ). `` Vancouver 's ' Red Menace ' of 1935 : The Waterfront Situation ''. BC Studies ( 22 ) : 68. Jump up ^ Phillips, Paul A. ( 1967 ). No Power Greater : A Century of Labour in British Columbia. Vancouver : BC Federation of Labour / Boag Foundation. pp. 39 -- 41. Jump up ^ Phillips, Paul A. ( 1967 ). No Power Greater : A Century of Labour in British Columbia. Vancouver : BC Federation of Labour / Boag Foundation. pp. 71 -- 74. Jump up ^ Manley, John ( 1994 ). `` Canadian Communists, Revolutionary Unionism, and the ' Third Period ' : The Workers ' Unity League, '' ( PDF ). Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, New Series. 5 : 167 -- 194. ^ Jump up to : Brown, Lorne ( 1987 ). When Freedom was Lost : The Unemployed, the Agitator, and the State. Montreal : Black Rose Books. ISBN 978 - 0 - 920057 - 77 - 3. Jump up ^ Schroeder, Andreas ( 1991 ). Carved From Wood : A History of Mission 1861 -- 1992. Mission Foundation. ISBN 978 - 1 - 55056 - 131 - 9. Jump up ^ Robin, Martin ( 1972 ). The Rush for Spoils : The Company Province,. Toronto : McClelland and Stewart. p. 172. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7710 - 7675 - 6. Jump up ^ Robin, Martin ( 1972 ). The Rush for Spoils : The Company Province,. Toronto : McClelland and Stewart. pp. 187 -- 188. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7710 - 7675 - 6. Jump up ^ Catherine Carstairs ( 2000 ). `` ' Hop Heads ' and ' Hypes ' : Drug Use, Regulation and Resistance in Canada, '' ( PDF ). University of Toronto. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ Roy, Patricia E. ( 1990 ). Mutual Hostages : Canadians and Japanese during the Second World War. Toronto, Ontario : University of Toronto Press. p. 103. ISBN 0 - 8020 - 5774 - 8. Jump up ^ La Violette, Forrest E. ( 1948 ). The Canadian Japanese and World War II. Toronto, Ontario : University of Toronto Press. p. v. Jump up ^ Francis, Daniel ( 2004 ). L.D. : Mayor Louis Taylor and the Rise of Vancouver. Vancouver : Arsenal Pulp Press. p. 135. ISBN 978 - 1 - 55152 - 156 - 5. Jump up ^ `` Pacific Maritime Ecozone ''. Environment Canada. 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 21 June 2004. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Is Not On Vancouver Island ''. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Island -- `` Victoria Island '' and other Misconceptions ``. Jump up ^ `` World66 -- Vancouver Travel Guide ''. World 66. Retrieved 18 October 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` About Vancouver ''. City of Vancouver. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Stanley Park History ''. City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` '' Lower Mainland Ecoregion `` : Narrative Descriptions of Terrestrial Ecozones and Ecoregions of Canada ( # 196 ) ''. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 27 January 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Stanley Park : Forest -- Monument Trees ''. City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` History ''. Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009. Jump up ^ `` Station Results : Vancouver City Hall, 1971 -- 2000 ''. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2011. Jump up ^ `` Station Results Canada 's National Climate Archive ''. Climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Station Results Canada 's National Climate Archive ''. Climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Canadian Climate Normals 1981 -- 2010 Station Data ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 15 January 2015. Jump up ^ `` Temperature record broken in Lower Mainland -- again ''. CBC News. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` Weather Data -- Vancouver Kitsilano ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2013. Jump up ^ `` Weather Data -- Vancouver Dunbar South ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2013. Jump up ^ `` Weather Data -- Vancouver Wales St ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2013. Jump up ^ `` Weather Data -- VANCOUVER INT'L A ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 17 March 2018. Jump up ^ `` Weather Data -- VANCOUVER INT'L A ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 17 March 2018. Jump up ^ `` Weather Winners -- Mildest Winters ''. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` Plant Hardiness Zones 1981 -- 2010 ''. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 15 January 2015. Jump up ^ `` Daily Data Report for October 1898 ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 27 April 2016. Jump up ^ `` Monthly Data Report for 1937 ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals ''. Environment Canada. 2015 - 09 - 22. Climate ID : 1108447. Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 09. Jump up ^ `` Daily Data Report for March 1941 ''. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` Daily Data Report for April 1934 ''. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` Daily Data Report for June 1925 ''. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 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Jump up ^ `` Calculation Information ''. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 12. Jump up ^ `` Daily Data Report for November 2016 ''. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 9 November 2016. Jump up ^ Julie Bogdanowicz ( August 2006 ). `` Vancouverism ''. Canadian Architect. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` Quality of Living worldwide city rankings 2010 -- Mercer survey ''. Mercer. 26 May 2010. Jump up ^ Woolsey, Matt ( 24 August 2007 ). `` World 's Most Overpriced Real Estate Markets ''. Forbes. Retrieved 29 November 2009. Jump up ^ `` Metro Vancouver home buyers set a record pace in February ''. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016. Jump up ^ vom Hove, Tann ( 17 June 2008 ). `` City Mayors : World 's most expensive cities ( EIU ) ''. City Mayors Economics. Retrieved 30 March 2010. Jump up ^ Beauchesne, Eric ( 24 June 2006 ). `` Toronto pegged as priciest place to live in Canada ''. The Vancouver Sun. 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Jump up ^ The Electra, at vancouver.ca Archived 23 January 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Townley, Matheson and Partners ''. Archives Association of British Columbia. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2009. Jump up ^ Kalman, Harold ( 1974 ). Exploring Vancouver : Ten Tours of the City and its Buildings. Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press. pp. 160 -- 161. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7748 - 0028 - 0. Jump up ^ Kalman, Harold ( 1974 ). Exploring Vancouver : Ten Tours of the City and its Buildings. Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press. pp. 22, 24, 78. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7748 - 0028 - 0. Jump up ^ `` Marine Building ''. Archiseek. Retrieved 23 November 2006. Jump up ^ `` Living Shangri - La ''. Emporis Buildings. Retrieved 30 November 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` Vancouver High - rise buildings ( in ft ) ''. Emporis Buildings. Retrieved 6 February 2007. 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Jump up ^ Hall, Neal & Lee, Jeff ( 9 March 2012 ). `` Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company to close '' The Vancouver Sun ( Vancouver ) Jump up ^ `` Vancouver, British Columbia ''. What 's Filming ?. Jump up ^ Edwards, Ian ( 22 September 1997 ). `` On set : Cold Squad ''. Playback. Brunico Communications. Jump up ^ Edwards, Ian ( 11 October 2004 ). `` Groundbreaking cop series takes final bow ''. Playback. Brunico Communications. Jump up ^ Heeb, Emily ( 12 February 2016 ). `` Did you know These 20 TV Shows were filmed in Vancouver ? ''. British Columbia Magazine. Retrieved 22 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Public Library Frequently Asked Questions ''. Vancouver Public Library. Retrieved 7 July 2010. Jump up ^ `` Welcome from Kathleen Bartels, Director of the Vancouver Art Gallery ''. Vancouver Art Gallery. Retrieved 1 November 2007. ^ Jump up to : Kenneth Baker ( 9 January 2009 ). `` Photography with an eye for social relevance ''. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2 December 2009. ^ Jump up to : Sarah Milroy `` Is Arden our next greatest photographer ? '' Globe and Mail ( 27 October 2007 ) : R1. ^ Jump up to : Marsha Lederman `` Behind the Lens : The Vancouver School Debate '' Globe and Mail ( 20 October 2007 ) : R13. Jump up ^ Intertidal : Vancouver Art & Artists / E-Flux Archived 11 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine... E-flux.com. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ Buium, Greg ( 15 April 2005 ). `` Sound and Fury : Reliving Vancouver 's punk explosion ''. CBC News. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2007. Jump up ^ Gooch, Bryan N.S. `` Music in Vancouver ''. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Jump up ^ Mike Gasher ( 2002 ). Hollywood North : The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia. UBC Press. p. 25. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7748 - 0968 - 9. Jump up ^ Thomas L. McPhail ( 8 March 2010 ). Global Communication : Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends. John Wiley & Sons. p. 29. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4443 - 3030 - 4. Jump up ^ David Lavery ( 15 January 2010 ). The Essential Cult Tv Reader. University Press of Kentucky. p. 261. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8131 - 7365 - 8. Jump up ^ Ken MacIntyre. Reel Vancouver. Vancouver : Whitecap Books, 1996. p. 133. Jump up ^ `` British Columbia Film Commission Production Statistics 2008 '' ( PDF ). BC Film Commission. 2008. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Film Industry ''. Canada.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Cahute, Larissa ( 24 September 2014 ). `` New Vancouver radio station will be aimed at entire South Asian community ''. Vancouver Desi. Jump up ^ Smith, Charlie ( 6 October 2009 ). `` Canwest seeks bankruptcy protection for broadcasting assets and National Post ''. The Georgia Straight. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Shannon Rupp ( 16 March 2005 ). `` CanWest Metro Move Preserves Daily Dominance ''. The Tyee. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Editor 's Picks : Media ''. Georgia Straight. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2011. Jump up ^ Davis, Chuck. `` 1885 -- 1891 ''. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved 23 November 2006. Jump up ^ Davis, Chuck. `` 1958 ''. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved 14 November 2006. Jump up ^ Snider, Drew ( 1 June 2007 ). `` Light Rail vs. Trolley Bus ''. Masstransitmag.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012. Jump up ^ Millar, Royce ( 11 September 2006 ). `` No freeways puts Vancouver on top ''. The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved 14 November 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` Driving Lessons ''. Vancouver Magazine. ( June 2007 ). Jump up ^ `` Traffic entering Vancouver, 1986 to 2005 ''. City of Vancouver. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2007. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Has Canada 's Worst Traffic Congestion : Report ''. The Huffington Post B.C. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2013. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver has worst traffic congestion in North America : report ''. Global BC. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` 2009 10 - Year Transportation & Financial Plan ''. TransLink. July 2008. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ `` Information Bulletin : Evergreen Line RFP released '' ( PDF ). British Columbia Ministry of Transportation. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011. Jump up ^ `` Cycling statistics ''. City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver unveils bike - share program Mobi ''. 21 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` Facts & Stats ''. Vancouver International Airport. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Jump up ^ British Columbia : Business and Investment Environment. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Archived 4 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` BC Ferries ''. British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009. Jump up ^ `` About the Park Board ''. Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Recreation : Beaches ''. Vancouver Park Board. 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Capilano River ''. Metro Vancouver. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Brian Grover ( 2009 ). `` Baden - Powell Centennial Trail ''. BC Car - Free. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Canada 's World Cup team opens camp in Vancouver ''. Canadian Soccer Association. 17 January 2007. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Mara, Jonathan. `` Welcome from the President ''. Vancouver Titans. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Lee, Jenny ( 30 July 2008 ). `` World Ultimate Championships come to Vancouver ''. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Regional differences in obesity ''. Health Reports. Statistics Canada. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Kirkey, Sharon ( 23 August 2006 ). `` Suburban Sprawl ''. CanWest News Service. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ Smith, Patrick J. and Kennedy Stewart ( 2003 ). `` Beavers and Cats Revisited : Creatures and Tenants versus Municipal Charter ( s ) and Home Rule '' ( PDF ). Queen 's University, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Vancouver Twinning Relationships '' ( PDF ). City of Vancouver. Retrieved 5 December 2009. Jump up ^ `` Eight Cities / Six Ports : Yokohama 's Sister Cities / Sister Ports ''. Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` International and consular relationships ''. City of Vancouver. Retrieved 8 April 2016. Jump up ^ `` Greenest City 2020 Action Plan -- the City 's Sustainability Plan '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 1 March 2014. Further reading Constance, Brissenden ( 2006 ). Vancouver : A Pictorial Celebration Including Vancouver Island, Victoria, and Whistler. Penn Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1 - 4027 - 2386 - 5. Jollota, Pat ( 2007 ). Downtown Vancouver. Arcadia. ISBN 0 - 7385 - 2959 - 1. Lance, Berelowitz ( 2005 ). Dream City : Vancouver and the Global Imagination. Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 1 - 55365 - 170 - 7. Vogel, Aynsley ; Wyse, Dana ( 2009 ). Vancouver : a history in photographs. Heritage House Pub. Co. ISBN 978 - 1 - 894974 - 88 - 2. 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Question: how many feet above sea level is vancouver bc
Answer: 0–152 m (0–501 ft)