Pylorus - wikipedia Pylorus This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Epistemonaut ( talk contribs ) at 17 : 12, 16 April 2017 ( Insertion of a wanting reference ). The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this version. Revision as of 17 : 12, 16 April 2017 by Epistemonaut ( talk contribs ) ( Insertion of a wanting reference ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) Pylorus Inside of the stomach ( pylorus labeled at center left ) Details Identifiers Latin Pylorus Dorlands / Elsevier v_02 / 12844554 TA A05. 5.01. 017 FMA 14581 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The pylorus ( / paɪˈlɔərəs / or / pɪˈloʊrəs / ), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the pyloric antrum ( opening to the body of the stomach ) and the pyloric canal ( opening to the duodenum ). The pyloric canal ends as the pyloric orifice, which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the pyloric sphincter. The word pylorus comes from Greek πυλωρός, via Latin. The word pylorus in Greek means `` gatekeeper '', related to `` gate '' ( Greek : pyle ) and is thus linguistically related to the word `` pylon ''. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Antrum 1.2 Canal 1.3 Sphincter 1.4 Histology 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Stenosis 3.2 Other 4 Additional images 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Structure Diagram from cancer.gov : * 1. Body of stomach * 2. Fundus * 3. Anterior wall * 4. Greater curvature * 5. Lesser curvature * 6. Cardia * 9. Pyloric sphincter * 10. Pyloric antrum * 11. Pyloric canal * 12. Angular incisure * 13. Gastric canal * 14. Rugal folds The pylorus is the furthest part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided into two parts, the antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach, and the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum. Antrum The pyloric antrum is the initial portion of the pylorus. It is near the bottom of the stomach, proximal to the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum. It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter ; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the pyloric canal by a slight groove. Canal The canal ( Latin : canalis pyloricus ) is the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. Sphincter The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It controls the outflow of gastric contents into the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion. Histology Microscopic cross-section of the pylorus. Under microscopy, the pylorus contains numerous glands, including gastric pits, which constitute about half the depth of the pyloric mucosa. They consist of two or three short closed tubes opening into a common duct or mouth. These tubes are wavy, and are about one - half the length of the duct. The duct is lined by columnar cells, continuous with the epithelium lining the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach, the tubes by shorter and more cubical cell which are finely granular. The glands contain mucus cells and G cells that secrete gastrin. The pylorus also contains scattered parietal cells and neuroendocrine cells. These endocrine cells including D cells, which release somatostatin. ( Somatostatin is responsible for shutting off acid secretion. There is a second hormone - sensitive population near the fundus. ) Function The pylorus is one component of the gastrointestinal system. Food from the stomach, as chyme, passes through the pylorus to the duodenum. The pylorus, through the pyloric sphincter, regulates entry of food from the stomach into the duodenum. Clinical significance In such conditions as stomach cancer, tumours may partly block the pyloric canal. A special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum so as to facilitate the passage of food from one to the other. This tube is called a gastroduodenostomy. Stenosis Main article : Pyloric stenosis Pyloric stenosis refers to a pylorus that is narrow. This is due to congenital hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter. The lumen of the pylorus is narrower, and less food is able to pass through. This problem is often detected in the early weeks of life. When it is present, a newborn baby may projectile vomit after eating, but despite vomiting remain hungry. Pyloric stenosis may be managed by the insertion of a stent, or through surgical cutting of the pyloric sphincter, a pyloromyotomy. Other Pyloric tumors Pyloric gland adenoma Additional images Stomach Dissection showing the stomach and pylorus in a cadaver. The antrum of the pylorus is shown in green. See also This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology. Human gastrointestinal tract Stomach Duodenum Digestion References Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. `` Pylorus ''. Etymology Online. Retrieved 27 March 2014. Jump up ^ Drake, Richard L. ; Vogl, Wayne ; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell ; illustrations by Richard ; Richardson, Paul ( 2005 ). Gray 's anatomy for students. Philadelphia : Elsevier / Churchill Livingstone. p. 272. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8089 - 2306 - 0. Jump up ^ University of Illinois Medical Center : Health Library Jump up ^ Snell, Richard S. ( 2008 ). Clinical Anatomy by Regions. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 220. ISBN 978 - 0781764049. Jump up ^ Cardiac, fundus and pyloric regions of the stomach, Pyloric region. available from : http://histology.leeds.ac.uk/digestive/cardiac_pyloric.php ( Last inspected April 16 2017 ) Jump up ^ Deakin, Barbara Young... ( et al. ) ; drawings by Philip J. ( 2006 ). Wheater 's functional histology : a text and colour atlas ( 5th ed. ). ( Edinburgh ? ) : Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier. p. 273. ISBN 978 - 0 - 443 - 068 - 508. Jump up ^ Clayden, Tom Lissauer, Graham ( 2007 ). Illustrated textbook of paediatrics ( 3rd ed. ). Edinburgh ; New York : Mosby / Elsevier. pp. 207 -- 208. ISBN 9780723433972. Jump up ^ Chen, ZM ; Scudiere, JR ; Abraham, SC ; Montgomery, E ( 2009 ). `` Pyloric gland adenoma : an entity distinct from gastric foveolar type adenoma. ''. Am J Surg Pathol. 33 ( 2 ) : 186 -- 193. PMID 18830123. doi : 10.1097 / PAS. 0b013e31817d7ff4. External links `` Pylorus '', Stedman 's Online Medical Dictionary at Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Anatomy photo : 37 : 06 - 0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - `` Abdominal Cavity : The Stomach '' Anatomy photo : 38 : 07 - 0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - `` Stomach, Spleen and Liver : The Pylorus '' Anatomy image : 8150 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the mouth Upper Pharynx Muscles Spaces peripharyngeal retropharyngeal parapharyngeal retrovisceral danger prevertebral Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Piriform sinus Esophagus Sphincters upper lower glands Stomach Curvatures greater lesser Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus antrum canal sphincter Gastric mucosa Gastric folds Microanatomy Gastric pits Gastric glands Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Foveolar cell Parietal cell Gastric chief cell Enterochromaffin - like cell Lower Small intestine Microanatomy Intestinal villus Intestinal gland Enterocyte Enteroendocrine cell Goblet cell Paneth cell Duodenum Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner 's glands Jejunum No substructures Ileum Ileocecal valve Peyer 's patches Microfold cell Large intestine Cecum Appendix Colon Ascending colon Hepatic flexure Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix Rectum Transverse folds Ampulla Anal canal Anus Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Internal anal sphincter Intersphincteric groove External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Authority control GND : 4115674 - 2 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pylorus&oldid=775715217 '' Categories : Digestive system Stomach Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter Articles containing Greek - language text Articles containing Latin - language text Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Article Talk More Contents About Wikipedia العربية Български Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Ido Italiano Latina Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Svenska Українська 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2017, at 17 : 12. 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Question: the sphincter that separates the stomach from the duodenum is the
Answer: pylorus