Third council of Constantinople - wikipedia Third council of Constantinople Third Council of Constantinople Date 680 -- 681 Accepted by Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Old Catholics Previous council Second Council of Constantinople Next council Second Council of Nicaea Convoked by Emperor Constantine IV President Patriarch George I of Constantinople Attendance perhaps 300 ; signatories to the documents ranged from 43 ( first session ) to 174 ( last session ) Topics Monothelitism, the human and divine wills of Jesus Documents and statements condemnation of Monothelitism Chronological list of ecumenical councils Part of a series on Ecumenical councils of the Catholic Church Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent Antiquity ( c. 50 -- 451 ) Jerusalem Nicaea I Constantinople I Ephesus Chalcedon Early Middle Ages ( 553 -- 870 ) Constantinople II Constantinople III Nicaea II Constantinople IV High and Late Middle Ages ( 1122 -- 1517 ) Lateran I Lateran II Lateran III Lateran IV Lyon I Lyon II Vienne Constance Florence Lateran V Modernity ( 1545 -- 1965 ) Trent Vatican I Vatican II Catholicism portal Part of a series on the Eastern Orthodox Church Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia Overview Structure Theology ( History of theology ) Liturgy Church history Holy Mysteries View of salvation View of Mary View of icons Background Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension of Jesus Christianity Christian Church Apostolic succession Four Marks of the Church Orthodoxy Organization Autocephaly Patriarchate Ecumenical Patriarch Episcopal polity Clergy Bishops Priests Deacons Monasticism Degrees of monasticism Autocephalous jurisdictions Constantinople Alexandria Antioch Jerusalem Russia Serbia Romania Bulgaria Georgia Cyprus Greece Poland Albania Czech lands and Slovakia North America Ecumenical Councils Seven Ecumenical Councils : First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Other important councils : Quinisext Council Constantinople IV Constantinople V Jassy Jerusalem History Church Fathers Pentarchy Byzantine Empire Christianization of Bulgaria Christianization of Kievan Rus ' Great Schism Russia Ottoman Empire North America Theology History of Orthodox Theology ( 20th century ( Neo-Palamism ) ) Apophaticism Chrismation Contemplative prayer Essence vs. Energies Hesychasm Holy Trinity Hypostatic union Icons Metousiosis Mystical theology Nicene Creed Nepsis Oikonomia Ousia Palamism Philokalia Phronema Sin Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine Services Akathist Apolytikion Artos Ectenia Euchologion Holy Water Iconostasis Jesus Prayer Kontakion Liturgical entrances Liturgical fans Lity Memorial service Memory Eternal Omophorion Orthodox bowing Orthodox marriage Praxis Paraklesis Paschal greeting Paschal Homily Paschal troparion Prayer rope Prosphora Russian bell ringing Semantron Sign of the cross Sticheron Troparion Vestments Use of incense Liturgical calendar Paschal cycle 12 Great Feasts Other feasts : Feast of Orthodoxy Intercession of the Theotokos The four fasting periods : Nativity Fast Great Lent Apostles ' Fast Dormition Fast Major figures Athanasius of Alexandria Ephrem the Syrian Basil of Caesarea Cyril of Jerusalem Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa John Chrysostom Cyril of Alexandria John Climacus Maximus the Confessor John of Damascus Theodore the Studite Kassiani Cyril and Methodius Photios I of Constantinople Gregory Palamas Other topics Architecture Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs Orthodox cross Saint titles Statistics by country The Third Council of Constantinople, counted as the Sixth Ecumenical Council by the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches, as well by certain other Western Churches, met in 680 / 681 and condemned monoenergism and monothelitism as heretical and defined Jesus Christ as having two energies and two wills ( divine and human ). Contents 1 Background 2 Preparations 3 Proceedings 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External links Background Main article : Monothelitism The Council settled a set of theological controversies that go back to the sixth century but had intensified under the Emperors Heraclius ( 610 -- 641 ) and Constans II ( 641 -- 668 ). Heraclius had set out to recover much of the part of his Empire lost to the Persians and had attempted to bridge the controversy with Monophysitism, which was particularly strong in Syria and Egypt, by proposing a moderate theological position that had as good support in the tradition as any other. The result was first monoenergism, i.e. that Christ, though existing in two natures, had one energy ( divine and human ), the second was monothelitism, i.e. that Christ had one will ( that is, that there was no opposition in Christ between his human and divine volition ). This doctrine was accepted in most of the Byzantine world, but was opposed at Jerusalem and at Rome and started a controversy that persisted even after the loss of the reconquered provinces and the death of Heraclius. When Heraclius ' grandson Constans II took the throne, he saw the controversy as threatening the stability of the Empire and attempted to silence discussion, by outlawing speaking either in favour or against the doctrine. Pope Martin I and the monk Maximus, the foremost opponents of monothelitism ( which they interpreted as denying a human faculty of will to Christ ), held a synod in Rome in 649 that condemned monoenergism and monothelitism. At Constantinople some accused the Pope of supporting revolution, this was regarded as high treason, and Martin and Maximus were accordingly arrested, tried, condemned and sent into exile, where he soon died. Preparations After Constans ' son and successor, Constantine IV had overcome the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 678, he immediately set his sights on restoring communion with Rome : he wrote to Pope Donus suggesting a conference on the matter. When the letter reached Rome, Donus had died, but his successor, Pope Agatho, agreed to the Emperor 's suggestion and ordered councils held throughout the West so that legates could present the tradition of the Western Church. There was a synod in Milan under Archbishop Mausuetus ; another synod was held in 680 at Heathfield over which Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury presided. Pope Agatho then convened a synod at Rome at Easter 680, with representatives from the regional synods. Then he sent a delegation to meet the Easterners at Constantinople. The delegates set out bearing two letters, one from Pope Agatho to the Emperor, and the other from the bishops of the Rome synod to those gathered in Constantinople. In the meantime, Constantine summoned Patriarch George I of Constantinople and all bishops of his jurisdiction of Constantinople to a council. He also summoned Patriarch Macarius of Antioch, a Byzantine appointee permanently resident in Constantinople because of the Muslim occupation of his see. Proceedings On 7 November 680, a mere 37 bishops and a number of presbyters convened in the imperial palace, in the domed hall called the Trullus. The Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch participated in person, whereas the patriarchates of Alexandria and Jerusalem were represented by Byzantine appointees ( because of the Saracen Muslim conquest there was at this date no patriarch in either of these sees ). The Pope and a council he had held in Rome were represented ( as was normal at eastern ecumenical councils ) by a few priests and bishops. In its opening session, the council assumed the authority of an Ecumenical Council. The Emperor attended and presided over the first eleven sessions, took part in the discussions and returned for the closing session on 16 September 681, attended by 151 bishops. During the council, a letter by Pope Agatho was read which asserted as the traditional belief of the Church that Christ was of two wills, divine and human. Most of the bishops present accepted the letter, proclaiming that Peter spoke through Agatho, though ironically this council also proclaimed another historical pope as anathema. Macarius of Antioch defended monothelitism but was condemned and deposed, along with his partisans. The council, in keeping with Agatho 's letter, defined that Jesus Christ possessed two energies and two wills but that the human will was ' in subjection to his divine and all - powerful will '. The council carefully avoided any mention of Maximus the Confessor, who was still regarded with suspicion. It condemned both monoenergism and monothelitism as heretical and included those who had supported this heresy, including Pope Honorius I and four previous patriarchs of Constantinople. When the council had concluded, the decrees were sent to Rome where they were accepted by Agatho 's successor, Pope Leo II. At some point during the council 's proceedings, a Monothelite priest claimed he could raise the dead, thereby proving his faith supreme. He had a corpse brought forth, but after whispering prayers into its ears, could not revive the body. See also Catholicism portal Christianity portal History portal Boniface Consiliarius List of translators References Jump up ^ Continuity and Change in Creed and Confessions, Credo : Historical and Theological Guide to Creeds and Confessions of Faith, ed. Jaroslav Pelikan ( Yale University Press, 2013 ), 15. ^ Jump up to : George Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State ( Rutgers University Press, 1995 ), 127. Jump up ^ The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, Volume 1, transl. Richard Price and Michael Gaddis ( Liverpool University Press, 2005 ), 55. Jump up ^ Joseph N. Tylenda, Saints and Feasts of the Liturgical Year ( Georgetown University Press, 2003 ), 60. Jump up ^ Siecienski 2010, pp. 74. ^ Jump up to : Joseph Brusher, S.J., Popes Through the Ages. Jump up ^ Hefele, Karl Joseph von. A History of the Councils of the Church, T. & T. Clark, 1896, § 313 Jump up ^ Kelly, Joseph F. `` Chapter Three : The Byzantine Councils. '' The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church : A History. Collegeville, MN : Liturgical, 2009. 59. Print. Bibliography Meyendorff, John ( 1989 ). Imperial unity and Christian divisions : The Church 450 -- 680 A.D. The Church in history. 2. Crestwood, NY : St. Vladimir 's Seminary Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 88 - 141056 - 3. `` Concilium Universale Constantinopolitanum Tertium '', in Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, ser. 2, II. 1 -- 2. ed. R. Riedinger ( Berlin 1990 and 1992 ). Ostrogorsky, George. History of the Byzantine State. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0 - 8135 - 0599 - 2 Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes : Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590 -- 752. Lexington Books. Hovorun, Cyril ( 2008 ). Will, Action and Freedom : Christological Controversies in the Seventh Century. Leiden - Boston : BRILL. Siecienski, Anthony Edward ( 2010 ). The Filioque : History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. External links Original text taken from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at http://www.ccel.org, which is in the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia : Third Council of Constantinople Third Council of Constantinople Ecumenical councils First seven councils Nicaea I ( 325 ) Constantinople I ( 381 ) Ephesus ( 431 ) Chalcedon ( 451 ) Constantinople II ( 553 ) Constantinople III ( 680 -- 681 ) Nicaea II ( 787 ) Recognized by the Catholic Church Constantinople IV ( 869 -- 870 ) Lateran I ( 1123 ) Lateran II ( 1139 ) Lateran III ( 1179 ) Lateran IV ( 1215 ) Lyon I ( 1245 ) Lyon II ( 1274 ) Vienne ( 1311 -- 1312 ) Constance ( 1414 -- 1418 ) Basel / Florence ( 1431 -- 1445 ) Lateran V ( 1512 / 1517 ) Trent ( 1545 -- 63 ) Vatican I ( 1869 -- 1870 ) Vatican II ( 1962 -- 1965 ) Partly recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church Quinisext Council ( 692 ) Constantinople IV ( 879 -- 880 ) Constantinople V ( 1341 -- 1351 ) Synod of Jassy ( 1642 ) Synod of Jerusalem ( 1672 ) Synod of Constantinople ( 1872 ) Partly recognized by the Oriental Orthodox Church Second Council of Ephesus ( 449 ) Third Council of Ephesus ( 475 ) See also : Great Church Catholicism portal Eastern Orthodoxy portal History of Christianity Centuries : 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st Ministry of Jesus and Apostolic Age Jesus Ministry Crucifixion Resurrection Holy Spirit Leadership Apostles Seventy disciples Paul the Apostle Council of Jerusalem Great Commission New Testament Background Gospels Acts Pauline epistles General epistles Revelation Ante - Nicene Period Judaism split Justin Martyr Ignatius Persecution Fathers Irenaeus Marcionism Canon Tertullian Montanism Origen Late ancient Constantine Monasticism Councils : Nicaea I Creed Athanasius Arianism Jerome Augustine Constantinople I Ephesus I Chalcedon Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy Church of the East Oriental Orthodoxy Chrysostom Nestorianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Fall of Constantinople Armenia Georgia Greece Egypt Syria Ethiopia Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Russia America Middle Ages Pelagianism Gregory I Celtic Germanic Scandinavian Kievan Rus ' Investiture Anselm Abelard Bernard of Clairvaux Bogomils Cathars Crusades Waldensians Inquisition Scholasticism Dominic Francis Bonaventure Aquinas Wycliffe Avignon Papal Schism Bohemian Reformation Hus Conciliarism Catholicism Primacy development Papacy Timeline Lateran IV Trent Counter-Reformation Thomas More Leo X Guadalupe Jesuits Jansenists Xavier Monastery dissolution Wars Teresa Vatican I and II Modernism Reformation Protestantism Erasmus Five solae Eucharist Calvinist -- Arminian debate Arminianism Dort Wars Lutheranism Martin Luther 95 Theses Diet of Worms Melanchthon Orthodoxy Eucharist Book of Concord Calvinism Zwingli Calvin Presbyterianism Scotland Knox TULIP Dort Three Forms of Unity Westminster Anglicanism Timeline Henry VIII Cranmer Settlement 39 Articles Common Prayer Puritans Civil War Anabaptism Radical Reformation Grebel Swiss Brethren Müntzer Martyrs ' Synod Menno Simons Smyth 1640 -- 1789 Revivalism English denominations Baptists Congregationalism First Great Awakening Methodism Millerism Pietism Neo - and Old Lutherans 1789 -- present Camp meeting Holiness movement Independent Catholic denominations Second Great Awakening Restoration Movement Jehovah 's Witnesses Mormonism Seventh - day Adventist Adventism Third Great Awakening Azusa Revival Fundamentalism Ecumenism Evangelicalism Jesus movement Mainline Protestant Pentecostalism Charismatics Liberation theology Christian right Christian left Genocide by ISIL Timeline Missions Timeline Martyrs Theology Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Protestantism Catholicism VIAF : 246513167 GND : 4032375 - 4 SUDOC : 031074383 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Council_of_Constantinople&oldid=827927867 '' Categories : Ecumenical councils Heraclian Dynasty Church councils in Constantinople 680s in the Byzantine Empire First seven ecumenical councils 7th - century Christian church councils Church councils accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church Church councils accepted by the Roman Catholic Church 680 681 Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from November 2017 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Afrikaans Asturianu Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Latina Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 31 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 February 2018, at 15 : 45. 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Question: where was the third council of constantinople held
Answer: in the imperial palace, in the domed hall called the Trullus