Boscastle flood of 2004 - wikipedia Boscastle flood of 2004 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2011 ) Boscastle flood of 2004 The old Cornish Stores shop Date 16 August 2004 Location Boscastle ; Crackington Haven Deaths 0 Property damage Extensive Looking upstream from the bridge after the flood The Boscastle flood of 2004 ( Cornish : An Lanwes Kastel Boterel 2004 ) occurred on Monday, 16 August 2004 in the two villages of Boscastle and Crackington Haven in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The villages suffered extensive damage after flash floods caused by an exceptional amount of rain that fell over eight hours that afternoon. The flood in Boscastle was filmed and extensively reported but the floods in Crackington Haven and Rocky Valley were not mentioned beyond the local news. The floods were the worst in local memory. A study commissioned by the Environment Agency from hydraulics consulting firm HR Wallingford concluded that it was among the most extreme ever experienced in Britain. The peak flow was about 140 m3 / s, between 5 : 00pm and 6 : 00pm BST. The annual chance of this ( or a greater ) flood in any one year is about 1 in 400. The probability each year of the heaviest three - hour rainfall is about 1 in 1300 ( although rainfall probability is not the same as flood probability ). At midday on 16 August 2004, heavy thundery showers had developed across the South West due to a weak disturbance to the northeast of the United Kingdom. The last time Boscastle had suffered notable flooding was in 1996 as a result of Hurricane Lili, but floods are recorded in 1847, 1957, 3 June 1958 ( one man drowned ) and 1963. On 16 August 1952 the small town of Lynmouth, 50 miles ( 80 km ) north - east along the north coast in Devon near Exmoor, suffered extensive damage in a catastrophic flood, in which 34 people lost their lives. Coincidentally, this was 52 years to the day before Boscastle 's 2004 flood. Contents 1 Causes of the flood 2 Impact of the flood 3 Work since the flood 3.1 2004 3.2 2005 3.3 2006 3.4 2007 3.5 2008 4 The lower bridge 5 Mini flood -- 21 June 2007 6 See also 7 References Causes of the flood On the 16th, warm air picking up moisture -- due to residual heat from the Atlantic Ocean -- travelled towards the South West Cornish coast as prevailing winds. Upon contact with the topographically vertical coast, these winds experienced a strong up - drafting force thus causing internal moisture to reach the atmosphere, and consequently cool as a string of storm clouds. With convergence and coalescence, enhanced moisture levels resulted in heavy rainfall on the afternoon of 16 August 2004. 185 mm ( 7 inches ) of rain fell over the high ground just inland of Boscastle. At the peak of the downpour, at about 15 : 40 GMT, 24.1 mm of rain ( almost one inch ) was recorded as falling in just 15 minutes at Lesnewth, 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) up the valley from Boscastle. In Boscastle, 89 mm ( 3.5 inches ) of rain was recorded in 60 minutes. The rain was very localised : Otterham and Lesnewth, both a few miles inland from Boscastle, recorded 24 hour totals of 200 mm and 185 mm respectively on the day, whereas four of the nearest 10 rain gauges showed less than 3 mm of rain in the same period. The cause of the very heavy localised rain is thought to be an extreme example of what has become known as the Brown Willy effect. The torrential rain led to a 2 m ( 7 ft ) rise in river levels in one hour. A 3 m ( 10 ft ) wave, believed to have been triggered by water pooling behind debris caught under a bridge and then being suddenly released as the bridge collapsed, surged down the main road. Water speed was over 4 m / s ( 10 mph ), more than enough to cause structural damage. It is estimated that 20,000,000 cubic metres ( 5.3 × 10 US gal ) of water flowed through Boscastle that day alone. The steep valley sides, and the saturated surface ensured a high amount of surface run - off. Changes in farming practice in the area also possibly contributed, sewage could have been a cause as well, with a reduction of trees and hedges higher up the valley causing water to flow through more quickly than would have been the case in the past. Fortunately, no one died in the flood. Impact of the flood 75 cars, 5 caravans, 6 buildings and several boats were washed into the sea ; approximately 100 homes and businesses were destroyed, and some had to be demolished ; trees were uprooted and debris were scattered over a large area. In an operation lasting from mid-afternoon until 2 : 30 AM, a fleet of 7 Westland Sea King helicopters rescued about 150 people clinging to trees and the roofs of buildings and cars. No major injuries or loss of life were reported. The estimated cost of damage was £ 15 million. Work since the flood The rebuilt Harbour Light in October 2006, now used as tea rooms. The shop is over the river. Most work takes place in the winter season ( October -- May ), during the off - season. The carpark is reduced to half the space ( 120 spaces ) in winter, for works to take place, and then back to 240 spaces in summer. August : Buildings searched, buried cars removed from harbour, trees removed, roads cleared, B3263 bridge temporary concrete parapets installed. 20 August : Boscastle Coast Path closed 14 September : Work started on the overflow culvert for the Valency River. December : Overflow culvert work completed. Also many hard sticks were inserted into the ground so it would create a barrier against the flood. 2005 Early 2005 : Most shops and restaurants re-open Boscastle power system renewed Water supply restored Food supply restored The flood defences were increased Defences improved strongly Rebuilding and repairs are mostly finished 2006 30 October : Work on two underground pumping stations for the sewage treatment scheme began. 1 November : Work started to widen and lower the river channel to increase capacity. December : A new visitor centre opened, in the former Harbour Restaurant, bought by the National Trust. December : The car park level was raised, and extended, reducing the risk of cars being washed away. 2007 January : Work started on the ' gateway building ' next to the car park, to contain toilets, a bus shelter, and information boards. April : Work stopped on gateway building due to problems with planning permission, and the building being built taller than expected. 21 June : Boscastle reflooded, although it was not nearly as bad as during the 2004 floods. September : Work restarted on Gateway Building, after planning permission is approved to lower the height of the building October : Work started on rebuilding an old culvert at the top of the village, to allow more water to flow through in periods of heavy rain. October : Work started on installing the pipes for the new sewage treatments works, in the harbour area ( between the Lower and Upper bridges ). 12 November : The main road in the harbour area was closed, from the bridge to the car park, while Cormac started work on new wider pavements, and Carillion installed pipes under the road for the new sewage treatment works. 14 December : The main road in the harbour area was reopened and temporary traffic lights put in place. 18 December : The new lower bridge was installed. 2008 January : Work on improving the harbour pavements completed. Work on rebuilding the culvert next to the petrol station completed. February : Work began on renewing the culvert in Dunn Street, to allow more water through in times of heavy rain. March : The Harbour area road was resurfaced. Work on rebuilding the culvert in Dunn Street completed. April : Old Lower Bridge was demolished, and the new Lower Bridge was brought into use. The Lower bridge The New Lower Bridge, taken on 20 December 2007. The main structure of the former lower bridge survived the flood, however the stone walls did not, and were washed away. On 1 May 2005, the official reopening of the village, wooden fences were used on the bridge to temporarily replace the stone walls. The bridge used to have a concrete plaque on it saying `` This bridge is the private property of the lord of the manor, August 1887 ''. This was lost during the flood, but then recovered from the harbour in good condition. This bridge has now been replaced with a new one. During the flood of 2004, 14 cars became lodged beneath it, this had caused a huge backlog of flood water and debris, adding to the damage caused in the surrounding area. The original proposal was for a stone bridge, this was rejected. The second proposal is for a modern concrete bridge, with steel railings. Public consultations were held and villagers were asked to select their preference from four designs ; most did not choose the one which has been proposed. This plan was rejected. The new bridge is a few metres further down the river than the old bridge. The bridge was installed on 18 December 2007, and was made by Cornish Concrete, a company based near Truro. The main arch is made from reinforced concrete, with metal railings. The old stone bridge, which was over 100 years old, was demolished in early April 2008. Mini flood -- 21 June 2007 Boscastle flooded again, although not nearly as badly as the 2004 floods. After an afternoon of intense localised rainfall, and a week of steady rain everyday, a small flood happened on 21 June 2007. 30 mm fell on the area in one hour. Roads had become flooded in the area and in the village, most water came from the saturated fields around the village. Many drains had become blocked. Roads around the Tintagel, Camelford and Davidstow area were closed off to stop people visiting the village. River levels were alarmingly high, but the banks contained the water. However the many culverts of the River Jordan had overflowed onto the villages roads, adding to the amount of water on the roads. The new storm culvert joining the River Jordan to the River Valency was at full capacity, but did not flood. Services and organisations called in included : Fire crews from Bude, Delabole and Launceston to pump out the water from properties Crews to unblock the blocked up drains in the village The Environment Agency The Police and Council Helicopters from RNAS Culdrose and RMB Chivenor were on stand - by Boscastle Coast Guard The Environment Agency 's flood defences installed after the 2004 flood worked and kept the water in the river channel. A few properties in the village were flooded by 3 ft ( 0.91 m ) from water flowing down the streets, rather than from the river flooding, although the damage was not nearly as bad as the 2004 flood. The two main roads ( B3266, B3263 ) were blocked with flood waste and debris, although this was cleared and the roads reopened the following morning. The Environment Agency looked at the culverts around the village and will change them all to modern drainage See also List of natural disasters in the United Kingdom References Jump up ^ `` Crackington Haven ''. cornwall365.co.uk. Cornwall 365. Retrieved 22 January 2015. Jump up ^ Ross, S.R.J. ( 2012 ). AQA GCSE Geography A. Cheltenham : Nelson Thornes. p. 65. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4085 - 1708 - 6. Jump up ^ `` 17 August 2004 surface analysis ''. Institute of Meteorology. Free University of Berlin. Retrieved 4 April 2012. Jump up ^ `` Met Office ( Boscastle Flood ) '' ( PDF ). metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. Retrieved 14 November 2016. Jump up ^ Ross, S.R.J. ( 2012 ). AQA GCSE Geography A. Cheltenham : Nelson Thornes. p. 64. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4085 - 1708 - 6. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boscastle flood of 2004. Weather statistics for Boscastle area ( Met Office, 16 August 2004 ) Prince sees Boscastle devastation ( BBC News, 18 August 2004 ) ' Boscastle Flood ' ( BBC News, 23 August 2004 ) Boscastle gets rebuild go - ahead ( BBC News, 12 January 2005 ) Boscastle 's mixed recovery ( BBC News, 15 August 2005 ) ' Ghost town ' fears over Boscastle ( BBC News, 16 August 2005 ) ' Boscastle, Flash Flood ' ( YouTube, added 30 April 2009 ) Boscastle flood study findings ( Environment Agency, 12 January 2005 ) Boscastle Flood Rescue operation helis.com database operations page Coordinates : 50 ° 41 ′ 26 '' N 4 ° 41 ′ 42 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 50.69044 ° N 4.69505 ° W ﻿ / 50.69044 ; - 4.69505 Weather events in the United Kingdom Climate of the United Kingdom Drought in the United Kingdom Avalanches Lewes 1836 Buachaille Etive Mòr 2009 Coldwaves Winter 1683 -- 84 Great Frost of 1709 Winter 1894 -- 95 Winter 1946 -- 47 Winter 1962 -- 63 Winter 1981 -- 82 Winter 1985 -- 86 January -- March 1987 Winter 1990 -- 91 October 2008 February 2009 Winter 2009 -- 10 Winter 2010 -- 11 February 2012 March -- April 2013 February -- March 2018 Flash floods Louth 1920 Lynmouth 1952 Chew Stoke 1968 Glasgow 2002 Boscastle 2004 Morpeth 2008 Floods Holmfirth 1738, 1777, 1944 Thames 1928 Thames 1947 South England 1968 Autumn 2000 Summer 2007 Sheffield 2009 November 2009 April 2012 to Early 2013 Winter 2013 -- 14 Somerset Levels 2013 -- 14 Winter 2015 -- 16 June 2016 Heat waves Droughts `` Great Stink '' 1858 August - September 1906 Summer 1911 Summer 1955 Summer 1976 July 1983 August 1990 Summer 1995 August 1997 2003 June - July 2006 April 2011 September - October 2011 March 2012 July 2013 June 2017 Storm surges South England 1287 North Sea 1287 Bristol Channel 1607 1928 Thames flood North Sea 1953 North Sea 1976 North Sea 1978 North Sea 2007 Irish Sea & North Sea 2013 Thunderstorms Widecombe - in - the - Moor 1638 Tornadoes London 1091 Great Malvern 1761 Birmingham 2005 London 2006 West Midlands and Wales 2011 Windstorms December 1703 November 1824 August 1848 October 1859 February 1871 December 1879 October 1881 January 1968 January 1976 October 1987 January 1990 December 1998 January 2007 December 2011 January 2012 October 2013 December 2013 Christmas 2013 New Year 2014 February 2014 Windstorm seasons 2015 -- 16 Abigail Desmond Eva 2016 -- 17 2017 -- 18 Ophelia Snow events January 1881 April 1981 Early March 2013 Late March 2013 March 2018 Other Great Smog of Winter 1952 Disputed tsunami Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boscastle_flood_of_2004&oldid=791993724 '' Categories : Geography of Cornwall Disasters in Cornwall 2004 in England 2004 natural disasters 2004 floods Floods in England 21st century in Cornwall August 2004 events Hidden categories : Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism EngvarB from September 2013 Use dmy dates from September 2013 Articles needing additional references from May 2011 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Cornish - language text Coordinates on Wikidata Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Magyar Edit links This page was last edited on 23 July 2017, at 19 : 40. 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Question: how much did it cost to repair boscastle after the flood
Answer: £15 million