Give me Liberty, or give me Death ! - Wikipedia Give me Liberty, or give me Death ! `` Give me liberty, or give me death ! '' is a quotation attributed to Patrick Henry from a speech he made to the Second Virginia Convention on March 23, 1775, at St. John 's Church in Richmond, Virginia. `` Give me liberty, or give me death ! '', lithograph ( 1876 ) from the Library of Congress He is credited with having swung the balance in convincing the convention to pass a resolution delivering Virginian troops for the Revolutionary War. Among the delegates to the convention were future U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. Contents 1 Publication 2 Reception 3 Precursors 4 `` Liberty or death '' in other contexts 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Footnotes 6.2 Works cited 7 External links Publication The speech was not published until The Port Folio printed a version of it in 1816. The version of the speech that is known today first appeared in print in Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry, a biography of Henry by William Wirt in 1817. There is debate among historians as to whether and to what extent Henry or Wirt should be credited with authorship of the speech and its famous closing words. Reception Whatever the exact words of Henry were, there can be no doubt of their impact. According to Edmund Randolph, the convention sat in silence for several minutes afterwards. Thomas Marshall told his son John Marshall, who later became Chief Justice of the United States, that the speech was `` one of the most bold, vehement, and animated pieces of eloquence that had ever been delivered. '' Edward Carrington, who was listening outside a window of the church, requested that he be buried on that spot. In 1810, he got his wish. And the drafter of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, George Mason, said, `` Every word he says not only engages but commands the attention, and your passions are no longer your own when he addresses them. '' More immediately, the resolution, declaring the United Colonies to be independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, passed, and Henry was named chairman of the committee assigned to build a militia. Britain 's royal governor, Lord Dunmore, reacted by seizing the gunpowder in the public magazine at Williamsburg -- Virginia 's equivalent of the battles of Lexington and Concord. Whatever the exact words of Henry were, `` scholars, understandably, are troubled by the way Wirt brought into print Henry 's classic Liberty or Death speech, '' wrote historian Bernard Mayo. `` Yet... its expressions... seemed to have burned themselves into men 's memories. Certainly its spirit is that of the fiery orator who in 1775 so powerfully influenced Virginians and events leading to American independence. '' Precursors There have been similar phrases used preceding Henry 's speech. The play, Cato, a Tragedy, was popular in the Colonies and well known by the Founding Fathers, who would quote from the play. George Washington had this play performed for the Continental Army at Valley Forge. It contains the line, `` It is not now time to talk of aught / But chains or conquest, liberty or death '' ( Act II, Scene 4 ). The phrase `` Liberty or Death '' also appears on the Culpeper Minutemen flag of 1775. `` Liberty or Death '' in other contexts The phrase appears in other nationalist contexts. The national anthem of Uruguay, Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba, contains the line ¡ Libertad o con gloria morir ! ( Liberty or with glory to die ! ). The Declaration of Arbroath made in the context of Scottish independence in 1320 as a letter to the Pope contained the line `` It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom -- for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself ''. The Declaration is commonly cited as an inspiration for the United States Declaration of Independence by many, including the US Senate and it is possible that Henry knew of the Declaration when he wrote his speech. The motto of Greece is `` Liberty or Death '' ( Eleftheria i thanatos ). It arose during the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, where it was a war cry for the Greeks who rebelled against Ottoman rule. A popular ( and possibly concocted ) story in Brazil relates that in 1822, the emperor Pedro I uttered the famous Cry from ( the river ) Ipiranga, `` Independence or Death '' ( Independência ou Morte ), when Brazil was still a colony of Portugal Barman, Roderick J. ( 1988 ). Brazil : The Forging of a Nation, 1798 -- 1852. Stanford, California : Stanford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8047 - 1437 - 2. In March 1941 the motto of the public demonstrations in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia against signing the treaty with Nazi Germany was `` Better grave than slave '' ( Bolje grob nego rob ). During the Indonesian National Revolution the Pemuda ( youth ) used the phrase `` Merdeka atau Mati '' which means `` Freedom or Death ''. More recently, in China, Ren Jianyu, a 25 - year - old former college student `` village official '' was given a two - year re-education through labor sentence for an online anti-CPC speech. A T - shirt of Ren 's saying `` Give me liberty or give me death ! '' ( in Chinese ) has been taken as evidence of his anti-social guilt. See also American Revolutionary War portal Liberty or Death ( disambiguation ) Join, or Die Live Free or Die Liberté, égalité, fraternité Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death References Footnotes ^ Jump up to : Cohen ( 1981 ), p. 702n2. Jump up ^ Cohen ( 1981 ), pp. 703 - 04, 710ff. ^ Jump up to : `` Patrick Henry and His Famous Speech ''. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2014 -- via iCitizen Forum. Excerpt from Aron, Paul ( 2008 ). `` John Adams ''. We Hold These Truths. Maryland : Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, in association with The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. pp. 86 -- 88. Jump up ^ Randall ( 1997 ), p. 43. Jump up ^ `` Culpepper Flags ''. Jump up ^ History about the Anthem of Uruguay Embassy of Uruguay in Argentina Jump up ^ https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/1997/11/10/senate-section/article/s12478-1?q=%257B%2522search%2522%253A%255B%2522resolution+155+tartan%2522%255D%257D&resultIndex=1 Jump up ^ Crampton, William ( 1991 ). Complete Guide to Flags. Gallery Books. p. 57. ISBN 0 - 8317 - 1605 - 3. Jump up ^ Job, Cvijeto ( 1992 - 03 - 15 ). `` REQUIEM FOR A NATION ''. Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 21. Jump up ^ Padmodiwiryo, Suhario ( 2015 ). Student Soldiers : A Memoir of the Battle that Sparked Indonesia 's National Revolution. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. p. 165. ISBN 9789794619612. Retrieved 21 March 2018. Jump up ^ Yu Jincui ( October 12, 2012 ). `` Punishing Criticisms Outdated in Today 's China ''. Global Times. Beijing. Retrieved October 10, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Chongqing Village `` Liberty or Give Me Death '' T shirt Is Evidence for Detention ``. 大河 报 ( in Chinese ). October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012. Works cited Wikisource has original text related to this article : Give me liberty or give me death Cohen, Charles ( October 1981 ). `` The ' Liberty or Death ' Speech : A Note on Religion and Revolutionary Rhetoric ''. The William and Mary Quarterly. 38 ( 4 ) : 702 -- 717. doi : 10.2307 / 1918911. JSTOR 1918911. Nelson, Craig ( 2006 ). Thomas Paine, Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Birth of Modern Nations. New York : Viking. ISBN 0 - 670 - 03788 - 5. Randall, William ( 1997 ). George Washington : A Life. New York : Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 2779 - 3. Raphael, Ray ( 2004 ). Founding Myths : Stories that Hide Our Patriotic Past. New York : New Press. ISBN 1 - 56584 - 921 - 3. Wirt, William ( 1816 ). Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. Philadelphia : Webster. OCLC 4519869. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Give me liberty, or give me death ! Give Me Liberty public domain audiobook at LibriVox Virginia in the American Revolution Early Virginia Resolves ( 1765 ) Virginia Association ( 1769 ) 1774 Fairfax Resolves First Virginia Convention 1775 Fincastle Resolutions `` Give me liberty, or give me death ! '' Gunpowder Incident Formation of Culpeper Minutemen Dunmore 's Proclamation Formation of Ethiopian Regiment Battle of Kemp 's Landing Battle of Great Bridge Second Virginia Convention Third Virginia Convention Fourth Virginia Convention 1776 Burning of Norfolk Virginia Declaration of Rights Formation of Lee 's Legion Fifth Virginia Convention 1779 Chesapeake raid 1781 Raid of Richmond Skirmish at Waters Creek Battle of Cape Henry Battle of Blandford Action at Osborne 's Raid on Point of Fork Battle of Spencer 's Ordinary Battle of Green Spring Francisco 's Fight Battle of the Chesapeake Siege of Yorktown Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Give_me_liberty,_or_give_me_death!&oldid=856183487 '' Categories : 1775 in Virginia American Revolution Patrick Henry Political catchphrases English phrases Hidden categories : CS1 Chinese - language sources ( zh ) Use mdy dates from March 2016 Articles with LibriVox links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Deutsch Bahasa Melayu Română Svenska Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 23 August 2018, at 12 : 45 ( UTC ). 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Question: who wrote give me liberty or give me death
Answer: Patrick Henry