Siraj ud - Daulah - Wikipedia Siraj ud - Daulah Siraj ud - Daula Mansur - ul - Mulk ( Victory of the Country ) Siraj ud - Daulah ( Light of the State ) Hybut Jang ( Horror in War ) Siraj ud - Daula Nawab of Bengal Nazim of Bihar and Orissa Reign 9 April 1756 -- 23 June 1757 Predecessor Ali Vardi Khan Successor Mir Jafar Full name Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud - Daulah Native name সিরাজউদ্দৌলা 1733 Murshidabad, Bengal Subah 2 July 1757 ( aged 23 -- 24 ) Murshidabad, Company Raj Buried Khushbagh, Murshidabad Spouse ( s ) Lutfunnisa Begum Issue Qudsia Begum Sahiba Father Zain ud - Din Ahmed Khan Mother Amina Begum Religion Shia Islam Military career Allegiance Mughal Empire Service / branch Nawab of Bengal Rank Nawabzada, Nawab Battles / wars Battle of Plassey Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud - Daulah ( Persian : مرزا محمد سراج الدولہ ‎, Bengali : মির্জা মুহম্মদ সিরাজউদ্দৌলা ; 1733 -- 2 July 1757 ), commonly known as Siraj ud - Daulah, was the last independent Nawab of Bengal. The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent. Siraj succeeded his maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 at the age of 23. Betrayed by Mir Jafar, then commander of Nawab 's army, Siraj lost the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757. The forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive invaded and the administration of Bengal fell into the hands of the Company. Contents 1 Birth and family history 2 Reign as Nawab 2.1 Black Hole of Calcutta 2.2 Conspiracy 2.3 The Battle of Plassey 3 Death 4 Critics and Legacy 4.1 Namesakes 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Birth and family history Siraj was born to Zain ud - Din Ahmed Khan and Amina Begum in 1733, and soon after his birth, Siraj 's maternal grandfather, was appointed the Deputy Governor of Bihar. Accordingly, he was raised at the Nawab 's palace with all necessary education and training suitable for a future Nawab. Young Siraj also accompanied Alivardi on his military ventures against the Marathas in 1746. Siraj was regarded as the `` fortune child '' of the family. Since birth Siraj, had special affection from his grandfather. In May 1752, Alivardi Khan declared Siraj as his successor. Alivardi Khan 's died on 10 April 1756 at the age of eighty. Reign as Nawab Statue of Siraj. Palashi battlefield in Nadia A painting showing the Sang - i - dalan, Kala Masjid, the tombs all surrounded by the Motijhil Lake ( Victory of the Country ), Siraj ud ( Light of the State ) and Hybut Jang ( Horror in War ). Siraj - ud - Daulah 's nomination to the Nawabship aroused the jealousy and enmity of his maternal aunt, Ghaseti Begum ( Mehar - un-nisa Begum ), Mir Jafar and Shaukat Jung ( Siraj 's cousin ). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of her influence and strength. Apprehending serious opposition from her, Siraj ud - Daulah seized her wealth from Motijheel Palace and placed her under confinement. The Nawab also made changes in high government positions giving them his own favourites. Mir madan was appointed Bakshi ( Paymaster of the army ) in place of Mir Jafar. Mohanlal was elevated to the rank of peshkar of his Dewan Khana and he exercised great influence in the administration. Eventually Siraj suppressed Shaukat Jang, governor of Purnia, who was killed in a clash. Black Hole of Calcutta Main article : Black Hole of Calcutta Siraj, as the direct political disciple of his grandfather, was aware of the global British interest in colonization and hence, resented the British politico - military presence in Bengal represented by the British East India Company. He was annoyed at the company 's alleged involvement with and instigation of some members of his own court in a conspiracy to oust him. His charges against the company were mainly threefold. Firstly, that they strengthened the fortification around the Fort William without any intimation and approval ; secondly, that they grossly abused the trade privileges granted to them by the Mughal rulers, which caused heavy loss of customs duties for the government ; and thirdly, that they gave shelter to some of his officers, for example Krishnadas, son of Rajballav, who fled Dhaka after misappropriating government funds. Hence, when the East India Company started further enhancement of military preparedness at Fort William in Calcutta, Siraj asked them to stop. The Company did not heed his directives, so Siraj - ud Daulah retaliated and captured Kolkata ( Shortly renamed as Alinagar ) from the British in June 1756. The Nawab gathered his forces together and took Fort William. The captives were placed in the cell as a temporary holding by a local commander, but there was confusion in the Indian chain of command, and the captives were unintentionally left there overnight, and many died. A British account of the number who died may be overstated. Sir William Meredith, during the Parliamentary inquiry into Robert Clive 's actions in India, vindicated Siraj ud - Daulah of any charges surrounding the Black Hole incident : A peace was however agreed upon with Siraj ud - Dowlah, who generously condoned and pardoned the aggressive excesses of the officials and subordinates of the British East India Company, towards the authority and power of the Nawab Of Bengal, and the persons who went as ambassadors to confirm that peace, formed a conspiracy, by which he was deprived of his kingdom and life. Conspiracy The Nawab was infuriated on learning of the attack on Chandernagar. His former hatred of the British returned, but he now felt the need to strengthen himself by alliances against the British. The Nawab was plagued by fear of attack from the north by the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and from the west by the Marathas. Therefore, he could not deploy his entire force against the British for fear of being attacked from the flanks. A deep distrust set in between the British and the Nawab. As a result, Siraj started secret negotiations with Jean Law, chief of the French factory at Cossimbazar, and de Bussy. The Nawab also moved a large division of his army under Rai Durlabh to Plassey, on the island of Cossimbazar 30 miles ( 48 km ) south of Murshidabad. Popular discontent against the Nawab flourished in his own court. The Seths, the traders of Bengal, were in perpetual fear for their wealth under the reign of Siraj, contrary to the situation under Alivardi 's reign. They had engaged Yar Lutuf Khan to defend them in case they were threatened in any way. William Watts, the Company representative at the court of Siraj, informed Clive about a conspiracy at the court to overthrow the ruler. The conspirators included Mir Jafar, the paymaster of the army, Rai Durlabh, Yar Lutuf Khan and Omichund ( Amir Chand ), a Sikh merchant, and several officers in the army. When communicated in this regard by Mir Jafar, Clive referred it to the select committee in Calcutta on 1 May. The committee passed a resolution in support of the alliance. A treaty was drawn up between the British and Mir Jafar to raise him to the throne of the Nawab in return for support to the British in the field of battle and the bestowal of large sums of money upon them as compensation for the attack on Calcutta. On 2 May, Clive broke up his camp and sent half the troops to Calcutta and the other half to Chandernagar. Mir Jafar and the Seths desired that the confederacy between the British and himself be kept secret from Omichund, but when he found out about it, he threatened to betray the conspiracy if his share was not increased to three million rupees ( £ 300,000 ). Hearing of this, Clive suggested an expedient to the Committee. He suggested that two treaties be drawn -- the real one on white paper, containing no reference to Omichund and the other on red paper, containing Omichund 's desired stipulation, to deceive him. The Members of the Committee signed on both treaties, but Admiral Watson signed only the real one and his signature had to be counterfeited on the fictitious one. Both treaties and separate articles for donations to the army, navy squadron and committee were signed by Mir Jafar on 4 June. Lord Clive testified and defended himself thus before the House of Commons of Parliament on 10 May 1773, during the Parliamentary inquiry into his conduct in India : `` Omichund, his confidential servant, as he thought, told his master of an agreement made between the English and Monsieur Duprée ( may be a mistranscription of Dupleix ) to attack him, and received for that advice a sum of not less than four lacks of rupees. Finding this to be the man in whom the nawab entirely trusted, it soon became our object to consider him as a most material engine in the intended revolution. We therefore made such an agreement as was necessary for the purpose, and entered into a treaty with him to satisfy his demands. When all things were prepared, and the evening of the event was appointed, Omichund informed Mr. Watts, who was at the court of the nawab, that he insisted upon thirty lacks of rupees, and five per cent. upon all the treasure that should be found ; that, unless that was immediately complied with, he would disclose the whole to the nawab ; and that Mr. Watts, and the two other English gentlemen then at the court, should be cut off before the morning. Mr. Watts, immediately on this information, dispatched an express to me at the council. I did not hesitate to find out a stratagem to save the lives of these people, and secure success to the intended event. For this purpose we signed another treaty. The one was called the Red, the other the White treaty. This treaty was signed by every one, except admiral Watson ; and I should have considered myself sufficiently authorised to put his name to it, by the conversation I had with him. As to the person who signed admiral Watson 's name to the treaty, whether he did it in his presence or not, I can not say ; but this I know, that he thought he had sufficient authority for so doing. This treaty was immediately sent to Omichund, who did not suspect the stratagem. The event took place, and success attended it ; and the House, I am fully persuaded, will agree with me, that, when the very existence of the Company was at stake, and the lives of these people so precariously situated, and so certain of being destroyed, it was a matter of true policy and of justice to deceive so great a villain. '' The battle of Plassey Main article : Battle of Plassey Robert Clive meeting with Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey, dramatized painting by Francis Hayman A plan of the Battle of Plassey, fought on 23 June 1757 by Robert Clive against the Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah of Bengal The Battle of Plassey ( or Palashi ) is widely considered the turning point in the history of the subcontinent, and opened the way to eventual British domination. After Siraj - ud - Daulah 's conquest of Calcutta, the British sent fresh troops from Madras to recapture the fort and avenge the attack. A retreating Siraj - ud - Daulah met the British at Plassey. He had to make camp 27 miles away from Murshidabad. On 23 June 1757 Siraj - ud - Daulah called on Mir Jafar because he was saddened by the sudden fall of Mir Mardan who was a very dear companion of Siraj in battles. The Nawab asked for help from Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar advised Siraj to retreat for that day. The Nawab made the blunder in giving the order to stop the fight. Following his command, the soldiers of the Nawab were returning to their camps. At that time, Robert Clive attacked the soldiers with his army. At such a sudden attack, the army of Siraj became indisciplined and could think of no way to fight. So all fled away in such a situation. Betrayed by a conspiracy plotted by Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund etc., he lost the battle and had to escape. He went first to Murshidabad and then to Patna by boat, but was eventually arrested by Mir Jafar 's soldiers. Death Tomb of Siraj - ud - Daulah at Khushbagh Siraj - ud - Daulah was executed on 2 July 1757 by Mohammad Ali Beg under orders from Mir Meerun, son of Mir Jafar in Namak Haram Deorhi as part of the agreement between Mir Jafar and the British East India Company. Siraj - ud - Daulah 's tomb can be found at Khushbagh, Murshidabad. It is marked with a simple but elegant one - storied mausoleum, surrounded by gardens. Critics and legacy The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. ( February 2018 ) Siraj ud - Daulah is usually seen as a freedom fighter in modern India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan for his opposition to the beginning of British rule over India. In 1985, Sarkar wrote : After the death of Alivardii Khan, his immature grandson became the nawab of Bengal, taking the name Miirza Mohammed Siraj - Ud - Daola. In addition to his young age, he had many kinds of defects in his character and conduct. Two Shia historians who were in favor of Mir Jafar, wrote of Siraj ud - Daulah. Ghulam Husain Salim wrote : Owing to Siraj ud Dowla 's harshness of temper and indulgence, fear and terror had settled on the hearts of everyone to such an extent that no one among his generals of the army or the noblemen of the city was free from anxiety. Among his officers, whoever went to wait on Siraj ud Dowla despaired of life and honour, and whoever returned without being disgraced and ill - treated offered thanks to God. Siraj ud Dowla treated all the noblemen and capable generals of Alivardi Khan with ridicule and drollery, and bestowed on each some contemptuous nickname that ill - suited any of them. And whatever harsh expressions and abusive epithet came to his lips, Siraj ud Dowla uttered them unhesitatingly in the face of everyone, and no one had the boldness to breathe freely in his presence. Ghulam Husain Tabatabai wrote of Siraj ud - Daulah : Making no distinction between vice and virtue, he carried defilement wherever he went, and, like a man alienated in his mind, he made the house of men and women of distinction the scenes of his depravity, without minding either rank or station. In a little time he became detested as Pharaoh, and people on meeting him by chance used to say, ' God save us from him ! ' Sir William Meredith, during the Parliamentary inquiry into Robert Clive 's actions in India, defended the character of Siraj - ud Daulah : `` Siraj - ud - Daulah is indeed reported to have been a very wicked, and a very cruel prince ; but how he deserved that character does not appear in fact. He was very young, not 20 years old when he was put to death -- and the first provocation to his enmity was given by the English. It is true, that when he took Calcutta a very lamentable event happened, I mean the story of the Black Hole ; but that catastrophe can never be attributed to the intention, for it was without the knowledge of the prince. I remember a similar accident happening in St. Martin 's roundhouse ; but it should appear very ridiculous, were I, on that account, to attribute any guilt or imputation of cruelty to the memory of the late king, in whose reign it happened. A peace was however agreed upon with Suraj - ud - Daulah ; and the persons who went as ambassadors to confirm that peace, formed the conspiracy, by which he was deprived of his kingdom and his life. '' Namesakes Nawab Sirajuddaula ( 1967 ), Movie Siraj ud Daula College, Karachi, Pakistan Nawab Siraj - ud - Daulah Government College, Natore, Bangladesh Masjid - e-Siraj ud - Daulah Siraj - ud - Daula Road, Karachi Nabab Siraj ud - Daulah Road, Chittagong Nawab Siraj - Ud - Daulah Sarani, Kolkata, India Siraj ud - Daulah Park in Old Dhaka Siraj - ud - Doula Hall, Sher - e-Bangla Agricultural University Nawab Siraj Ud - Daulah college, Kushtia Siraj - ud - Daula Road, Kushtia Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah Hospita Nawab Siraj ud Daulah Road Narayanganj See also Nawabs of Bengal List of rulers of Bengal History of Bengal History of Bangladesh History of India Shia Islam in India Battle of Chandannagar Siraj ud Daula College Notes Jump up ^ Other spellings exist including the corruption `` Sir Roger Dowler '' which is also used in phrases such as `` Sir Roger Dowler method '' referring to early non-systematic and distorting Romanisation schemes for Devanagari script. ^ Riyazu - s - salatin, A History of Bengal - a reference to Siraj - Ud - Daul 's character may be found ^ The Seir Mutaqherin, Vol 2 - a discussion of Sirj - Ud - Daulah 's character References Jump up ^ Rai, R. History. FK Publications. p. 44. ISBN 9788187139690. Jump up ^ Abram Smythe Palmer. Folk - etymology : A Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Or Meaning, by False Derivation Or Mistaken Analogy. G. Bell and Sons, 1882. p. 557. Jump up ^ Francis Henry Skrine. Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL. D., a vice-president of the Royal Asiatic society, etc. Longmans, Green, and Co., 1901. p. 205. ^ Jump up to : Sushil Chaudhury and KM Mohsin ( 2012 ), `` Sirajuddaula '', in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal, Banglapedia : National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh ( Second ed. ), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh ^ Jump up to : Cobbett, William ; Hansard, Thomas Curson ( 1813 ). The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. T.C. Hansard. pp. 449 --. Jump up ^ Harrington, p. 25 Jump up ^ Mahon, p. 337 Jump up ^ ( Orme 1861, p. 145 ) Jump up ^ Malleson, pp. 48 -- 49 Jump up ^ Bengal, v. 1, p. clxxxi Jump up ^ Bengal, v. 1, pp. clxxxiii -- clxxxiv Jump up ^ Malleson, pp. 49 -- 51 Jump up ^ Harrington, pp. 25 -- 29 Jump up ^ Mahon, pp. 338 -- 339 Jump up ^ ( Orme 1861, pp. 147 -- 149 ) Jump up ^ Bengal, v. 1, pp. clxxxvi -- clxxxix Jump up ^ ( Orme 1861, pp. 150 -- 161 ) Jump up ^ Harrington, p. 29 Jump up ^ Mahon, pp. 339 -- 341 Jump up ^ Bengal, v. 1, pp. cxcii -- cxciii Jump up ^ The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803, Volume 17. p. 876. Jump up ^ The gentleman 's magazine, and historical chronicle, Volume 43. pp. 630 -- 631. Jump up ^ Basu, Saurab. `` Trip Taken from June -- 10th to 12th - 2006 ''. Murshidabad -- The Land of the Legendary ' Siraj - ud - dullah ' Unveiled. History of Bengal. Retrieved 19 June 2015. Jump up ^ Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan ( 1996 ). Shabda Cayanika, Part 1 ( First English ed. ). Kolkata : Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81 - 7252 - 027 - 1. Jump up ^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0249836/ Jump up ^ http://www.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=4&id=641601&date=2017-02-11 Jump up ^ https://pakistan-streets.openalfa.com/streets/siraj-ud-daula-road-karachi Jump up ^ http://indiaplacesmap.com/West-Bengal/Places/Nawab-Siraj-Ud-Daulah-Sarani-1116122 Jump up ^ http://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/news/95429/6-suspected-Huji-operatives-held-in-Dhaka Jump up ^ http://sau-bd.weebly.com/siraj-ud-doula-hall.html Jump up ^ http://www.bgicinsure.com/?page_id=101 Jump up ^ http://www.thedailystar.net/city/4-hospitals-fined-two-them-asked-shut-158440 Jump up ^ http://erga.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=07601010&ct=64 Jump up ^ http://erga.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=07501022&ct=28 Akhsaykumar Moitrayo, Sirajuddaula, Calcutta 1898 BK Gupta, Sirajuddaulah and the East India Company, 1756 -- 57, Leiden, 1962 Kalikankar Datta, Sirajuddaulah, Calcutta 1971 Orme, R. ( 1861 ), A history of the military transactions of the British nation in Indostan : from the year MDCCXLV ; to which is prefixed A dissertation on the establishments made by Mahomedan conquerors in Indostan, 2 External links Siraj in Murshidabad Siraj ud - Daulah Born : 1733 Died : 2 July 1757 Preceded by Alivardi Khan Nawab of Bengal 9 April 1756 -- 2 June 1757 Succeeded by Mir Jafar Bengal Nobility Topics History of Bengal Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 and 1888 East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950 Sovereign Rulers Middle kingdoms of India ( 3rd century BC - 1279 ) Sultanate of Bengal ( 1342 - 1576 ) Mughal emperors ( 1576 - 1707 ) Nawabs of Bengal ( 1717 - 1880 ) Nawabs of Murshidabad ( 1882 - 1969 ) British Raj ( 1880 - 1857 ) Emperor of India ( 1857 - 1948 ) Nawabs of Bengal Murshid Quli Khan ( 1717 -- 1727 ) Sarfaraz Khan ( 1727 -- 1727 ) Shuja - ud - Din Muhammad Khan ( 1727 -- 1739 ) Sarfaraz Khan ( 1739 -- 1740 ) Alivardi Khan ( 1740 -- 1756 ) Siraj ud - Daulah ( 1756 -- 1757 ) Mir Jafar Ali Khan ( 1757 -- 1760 ) Mir Qasim ( 1760 -- 1763 ) Mir Jafar Ali Khan ( 1763 -- 1765 ) Najmuddin Ali Khan ( 1765 -- 1766 ) Najabat Ali Khan ( 1766 -- 1770 ) Ashraf Ali Khan ( 1770 ) Mubarak Ali Khan ( 1770 -- 1793 ) Baber Ali Khan ( 1793 -- 1810 ) Zain - ud - Din Ali Khan ( 1810 -- 1821 ) Ahmad Ali Khan ( 1821 -- 1824 ) Mubarak Ali Khan II ( 1824 -- 1838 ) Mansur Ali Khan ( 1838 -- 1880 ) Nawabs of Murshidabad Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur ( 1882 -- 1906 ) Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur ( 1906 -- 1959 ) Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur ( 1959 -- 1969 ) Zamindars of Bengal Bhawal Estate Burdwan Raj Bohmong Circle Chakma Raj Nawabs of Dhaka Dighapatia Raj Dinajpur Raj Gayen Estate of Dhanyakuria Gouripur Raj Homnabad - Pashchimgaon Estate Kandi Raj Kirtipasha Raj Lalgola Raj Mong Circle Muktagacha Raj Nadia Raj Padamdi Nawab Estate Panchkot Raj Prithimpassa Raj Puthia Raj Natore Raj Rajshahi Raj Ramgopalpur Raj Ratanpur Nawab Estate Singranatore family Susanga Raj Teota Estate ( See : Parbati Sankar Roy Choudhury and Raja Shyama Sankar Roy Choudhury ) Uttarpara Raj Establishments and Heirlooms Hazarduari Palace Uttara Gano Bhaban Ahsan Manzil Israt Manzil Palace Tajhat Palace Natore Palace Bhawal Estate University of Dacca Varendra Research Society Varendra Research Museum Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Gole Afroz College Rahmat Iqbal College Rose Garden Palace Ghughudanga Palace Moyez Manzil Palace Puthia Temple Complex WorldCat Identities ISNI : 0000 0000 7859 1956 LCCN : n84029362 VIAF : 3866754 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siraj_ud-Daulah&oldid=866450606 '' Categories : 1733 births 1757 deaths Nawabs of Bengal Mughal Empire people 18th - century Indian monarchs 18th - century rulers Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Use Indian English from June 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from June 2017 Articles containing Persian - language text Articles containing Bengali - language text NPOV disputes from February 2018 All NPOV disputes Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Беларуская Català Esperanto Français हिन्दी Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Русский Simple English Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Українська اردو 中文 13 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2018, at 12 : 17 ( UTC ). 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Question: who betrayed siraj ud daula in the battle of plassey in 1757
Answer: Jagat Seth