Iron response element - wikipedia Iron response element Play media A 3D representation of the iron response element. This is the IRE in the ferritin mRNA of a frog in complex with the iron - responsive element ( IRE ) of a rabbit, drawn from Protein Data Bank entry 2IPY. Iron response element Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of IRE Identifiers Symbol IRE Rfam RF00037 Other data RNA type Cis - reg Domain ( s ) Eukaryota SO 0000233 PDB structures PDBe In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron - responsive element ( IRE ) is a short conserved stem - loop which is bound by iron response proteins ( IRPs, also named IRE - BP or IRBP ). The IRE is found in UTRs ( untranslated regions ) of various mRNAs whose products are involved in iron metabolism. For example, the mRNA of ferritin ( an iron storage protein ) contains one IRE in its 5 ' UTR. When iron concentration is low, IRPs bind the IRE in the ferritin mRNA and cause reduced translation rates. In contrast, binding to multiple IREs in the 3 ' UTR of the transferrin receptor ( involved in iron acquisition ) leads to increased mRNA stability. The two leading theories describe how iron probably interacts to impact posttranslational control of transcription. The classical theory suggests that IRPs, in the absence of iron, bind avidly to the mRNA IRE. When Iron is present, it interacts with the protein to cause it to release the mRNA. For example, In high iron conditions in humans, IRP1 binds with an iron - sulphur complex ( 4Fe - 4S ) and adopts an aconitase conformation unsuitable for IRE binding. In contrast, IRP2 is degraded in high iron conditions. There is variation in affinity between different IREs and different IRPs. Some IREs can also be affected by alternative gene splicing. In the second theory, There are two proteins competing for the IRE binding site -- both IRP and eukaryotic Initiation Factor F4 ( eIFF4 ). In the absence of iron IRP binds about 10 times more avidly than the initiation factor. However, when Iron interacts at the IRE, it causes the mRNA to change its shape, thus favoring the binding of the eIFF4. Several studies have identified non-canonical IREs. It has also been shown that IRP binds to some IREs better than others. The upper helix of the known IREs shows stronger conservation of structure compared to the lower helix. The bases composing the helixes are variable. The mid-stem bulged C is a highly characteristic feature ( though this has been seen to be a G in the ferritin IRE for lobster ). The apical loop of the known IREs all consist of either the AGA or AGU triplet. This is pinched by a paired G-C and there is additionally a bulged U, C or A in the upper helix. The crystal structure and NMR data show a bulged U in the lower stem of the ferritin IRE. This is consistent with the predicted secondary structure. IREs in many other mRNAs do not have any support for this bulged U. Consequently, two RFAM models have been created for the IRE -- one with a bulged U and one without. Genes known to contain IREs include FTH1, FTL, TFRC, ALAS2, Sdhb, ACO2, Hao1, SLC11A2 ( encoding DMT1 ), NDUFS1, SLC40A1 ( encoding the ferroportin ) CDC42BPA, CDC14A, EPAS1. Many of these genes have clear and direct roles in iron metabolism. Others show a less obvious connection. ACO2 encodes an isomerase catalysing the reversible isomerisation of citrate and isocitrate. EPAS1 encodes a transcription factor involved in complex oxygen sensing pathways by the induction of oxygen regulated genes under low oxygen conditions. CDC42BPA encodes a kinase with a role in cytoskeletal reorganisation. CDC14A encodes a dual - specificity phosphatase implicated in cell cycle control and also interacts with interphase centrosomes. In humans, 12 genes have been shown to be transcribed with the canonical IRE structure, but several mRNA structures, that are non-canonical, have been shown to interact with IRPs and be influenced by iron concentration. Software and algorithms have been developed to locate more genes that are also responsive to iron concentration. The IRE is found over a diverse taxonomic range -- mainly eukaryotes but not in plants. See also 5'UTR IRP References Jump up ^ William E. Walden ; Anna I. Selezneva ; Jerome Dupuy ; Anne Volbeda ; Juan C. Fontecilla - Camps ; Elizabeth C. Theil & Karl Volz ( December 2006 ). `` Structure of dual function iron regulatory protein 1 complexed with ferritin IRE - RNA ''. Science. 314 ( 5807 ) : 1903 -- 1908. doi : 10.1126 / science. 1133116. PMID 17185597. Jump up ^ Martina U. Muckenthaler ; Bruno Galy & Matthias W. Hentze ( 2008 ). `` Systemic iron homeostasis and the iron - responsive element / iron - regulatory protein ( IRE / IRP ) regulatory network ''. 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External links Page for Iron response element - Model I at Rfam Page for Iron response element - Model II at Rfam Transterm page for Iron Responsive Element Genomic Interval files with IRE predictions made using the RFAM models on the hg18 human genome Iron Responsive Elements Prediction Server Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iron_response_element&oldid=842045983 '' Categories : Cis - regulatory RNA elements Hidden categories : Articles containing video clips Talk About Wikipedia Deutsch Français Galego Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 19 May 2018, at 21 : 20 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: where is the ire located in the ferritin gene
Answer: UTRs (untranslated regions) of various mRNAs whose products are involved in iron metabolism