Paronychia - wikipedia Paronychia This article is about the nail disease. For the genus of plants, see Paronychia ( plant ). Not to be confused with whitlow. Paronychia Pronunciation / ˌpærəˈnɪkiə / Classification and external resources Specialty Dermatology, emergency medicine ICD - 10 L03. 0 ICD - 9 - CM 681.02, 681.11 DiseasesDB 9663 MedlinePlus 001444 eMedicine derm / 798 MeSH D010304 ( edit on Wikidata ) Paronychia is a nail disease that is an often - tender bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. The infection can start suddenly ( acute paronychia ) or gradually ( chronic paronychia ). Paronychia is commonly misapplied as a synonym for whitlow or felon. The term is from Greek : παρωνυχία from para, `` around '' and onukh -, `` nail ''. Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Cause 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Types 4 Treatment 5 References 6 External links Signs and symptoms An infection of the cuticle secondary to a splinter The skin typically presents as red and hot. These infections can be painful. Pus is usually present, along with gradual thickening and browning discoloration of the nail plate. Cause Acute paronychia is usually caused by bacteria. Claims have also been made that the popular acne medication, isotretinoin, has caused paronychia to develop in patients. Paronychia is often treated with antibiotics, either topical or oral. Chronic paronychia is most often caused by a yeast infection of the soft tissues around the nail but can also be traced to a bacterial infection. If the infection is continuous, the cause is often fungal and needs antifungal cream or paint to be treated. Risk factors include repeatedly washing hands and trauma to the cuticle such as from biting. In the context of bartending, it is known as bar rot. Prosector 's paronychia is a primary inoculation of tuberculosis of the skin and nails, named after its association with prosectors, who prepare specimens for dissection. Paronychia around the entire nail is sometimes referred to as runaround paronychia. Painful paronychia in association with a scaly, erythematous, keratotic rash ( papules and plaques ) of the ears, nose, fingers, and toes, may be indicative of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, which is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Paronychia can occur with diabetes, drug - induced immunosuppression, or systemic diseases such as pemphigus. Diagnosis This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. ( December 2016 ) Types Left and right ring fingers of the same individual. The distal phalanx of the finger on the right exhibits swelling due to acute paronychia. Paronychia may be divided as follows : Acute paronychia is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting less than six weeks. The infection generally starts in the paronychium at the side of the nail, with local redness, swelling, and pain. Acute paronychia is usually caused by direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or nail fold, and may be from relatively minor events, such as dishwashing, an injury from a splinter or thorn, nail biting, biting or picking at a hangnail, finger sucking, an ingrown nail, or manicure procedures. Chronic paronychia is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting more than six weeks. It is a nail disease prevalent in individuals whose hands or feet are subject to moist local environments, and is often due to contact dermatitis. In chronic paronychia, the cuticle separates from the nail plate, leaving the region between the proximal nail fold and the nail plate vulnerable to infection. It can be the result of dish washing, finger sucking, aggressively trimming the cuticles, or frequent contact with chemicals ( mild alkalis, acids, etc. ). Alternatively, paronychia may be divided as follows : Candidal paronychia is an inflammation of the nail fold produced by Candida albicans. Pyogenic paronychia is an inflammation of the folds of skin surrounding the nail caused by bacteria. Generally acute paronychia is a pyogenic paronychia as it is usually caused by a bacterial infection. Treatment When no pus is present, warm soaks for acute paronychia is reasonable, even though there is a lack of evidence to support its use. Antibiotics such as clindamycin or cephalexin are also often used, the first being more effective in areas where MRSA is common. If there are signs of an abscess ( the presence of pus ) drainage is recommended. Chronic paronychia is treated by avoiding whatever is causing it, a topical antifungal, and a topical steroid. In those who do not improve following these measures oral antifungals and steroids may be used or the nail fold may be removed surgically. References Jump up ^ Rigopoulos D, Larios G, Gregoriou S, Alevizos A ( February 2008 ). `` Acute and chronic paronychia ''. Am Fam Physician. 77 ( 3 ) : 339 -- 46. PMID 18297959. ^ Jump up to : Rockwell PG ( March 2001 ). `` Acute and chronic paronychia ''. Am Fam Physician. 63 ( 6 ) : 1113 -- 6. PMID 11277548. Jump up ^ `` Doctor 's advice Q : Whitlow ( paronychia ) ''. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Bar Rot ''. The Truth About Bartending. January 27, 2012. Archived from the original on 2013 - 03 - 22. Jump up ^ Karen Allen, MD ( 2005 - 08 - 17 ). `` eMedicine - Acrokeratosis Neoplastica ''. Jump up ^ Paronychia ~ clinical at eMedicine Jump up ^ Serratos BD, Rashid RM ( 200 ). `` Nail disease in pemphigus vulgaris ''. Dermatol Online J. 15 ( 7 ) : 2. PMID 19903430. ^ Jump up to : James, William D. ; Berger, Timothy G. ( 2006 ). Andrews ' Diseases of the Skin : clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0 - 7216 - 2921 - 0. ^ Jump up to : Freedberg, Irwin M., ed. ( 2003 ). Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine ( 6th ed. ). McGraw - Hill Publishing Company. ISBN 0071380760. Jump up ^ Rigopoulos, Dimitris ; Larios, George ; Gregoriou, Stamatis ; Alevizos, Alevizos ( 2008 ). `` Acute and Chronic Paronychia '' ( PDF ). American Family Physician. 77 ( 3 ) : 339 -- 346. PMID 18297959. Retrieved January 7, 2013. Jump up ^ Rigopoulos, Dimitris ; Larios, George ; Gregoriou, Stamatis ; Alevizos, Alevizos ( 2008 ). `` Acute and Chronic Paronychia '' ( PDF ). American Family Physician. 77 ( 3 ) : 339 -- 346. PMID 18297959. Retrieved January 8, 2013. ^ Jump up to : Ritting, AW ; O'Malley, MP ; Rodner, CM ( May 2012 ). `` Acute paronychia. ''. The Journal of hand surgery. 37 ( 5 ) : 1068 -- 70 ; quiz page 1070. PMID 22305431. doi : 10.1016 / j. jhsa. 2011.11. 021. ^ Jump up to : Rigopoulos, D ; Larios, G ; Gregoriou, S ; Alevizos, A ( Feb 1, 2008 ). `` Acute and chronic paronychia. ''. American family physician. 77 ( 3 ) : 339 -- 46. PMID 18297959. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paronychia ( disease ). `` Paronychia Nail Infection ''. Dermatologic Disease Database. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 12. `` What Is The Best Way To Treat Paronychias ?, Roundtable discussion in Podiatry Today, Volume 15 - Issue 3, March 2002, pp. 58 -- 60. Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal wart callus seborrheic keratosis acrochordon molluscum contagiosum actinic keratosis squamous - cell carcinoma basal - cell carcinoma Merkel - cell carcinoma nevus sebaceous trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles lentigo melasma nevus melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous epidermal inclusion cyst hemangioma dermatofibroma ( benign fibrous histiocytoma ) keloid lipoma neurofibroma xanthoma Kaposi 's sarcoma infantile digital fibromatosis granular cell tumor leiomyoma lymphangioma circumscriptum myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous contact dermatitis atopic dermatitis seborrheic dermatitis stasis dermatitis lichen simplex chronicus Darier 's disease glucagonoma syndrome langerhans cell histiocytosis lichen sclerosus pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott -- Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency Scaling psoriasis tinea ( corporis cruris pedis manuum faciei ) pityriasis rosea secondary syphilis mycosis fungoides systemic lupus erythematosus pityriasis rubra pilaris parapsoriasis ichthyosis Blistering herpes simplex herpes zoster varicella bullous impetigo acute contact dermatitis pemphigus vulgaris bullous pemphigoid dermatitis herpetiformis porphyria cutanea tarda epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular scabies insect bite reactions lichen planus miliaria keratosis pilaris lichen spinulosus transient acantholytic dermatosis lichen nitidus pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular acne vulgaris acne rosacea folliculitis impetigo candidiasis gonococcemia dermatophyte coccidioidomycosis subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented tinea versicolor vitiligo pityriasis alba postinflammatory hyperpigmentation tuberous sclerosis idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis leprosy hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized drug eruptions viral exanthems toxic erythema systemic lupus erythematosus Localized cellulitis abscess boil erythema nodosum carcinoid syndrome fixed drug eruption Specialized urticaria erythema ( multiforme migrans gyratum repens annulare centrifugum ab igne ) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular thrombocytopenic purpura actinic / solar purpura Papular disseminated intravascular coagulation vasculitis Indurated scleroderma / morphea granuloma annulare lichen sclerosis et atrophicus necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair telogen effluvium androgenic alopecia alopecia areata systemic lupus erythematosus tinea capitis loose anagen syndrome lichen planopilaris folliculitis decalvans acne keloidalis nuchae Nail onychomycosis psoriasis paronychia ingrown nail Mucous membrane Aphthous stomatitis oral candidiasis lichen planus leukoplakia pemphigus vulgaris mucous membrane pemphigoid cicatricial pemphigoid herpesvirus coxsackievirus syphilis systemic histoplasmosis squamous - cell carcinoma Bacterial skin disease ( L00 -- L08, 680 -- 686 ) Gram + ve Firmicutes Staphylococcus Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Impetigo Toxic shock syndrome Streptococcus Impetigo Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection Streptococcal intertrigo Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection Erysipelas / Chronic recurrent erysipelas Scarlet fever Corynebacterium Erythrasma Listeriosis Clostridium Gas gangrene Dermatitis gangrenosa Mycoplasma Erysipeloid of Rosenbach Actinobacteria Mycobacterium - related : Aquarium granuloma Borderline lepromatous leprosy Borderline leprosy Borderline tuberculoid leprosy Buruli ulcer Erythema induratum Histoid leprosy Lepromatous leprosy Leprosy Lichen scrofulosorum Lupus vulgaris Miliary tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium - intracellulare complex infection Mycobacterium haemophilum infection Mycobacterium kansasii infection Papulonecrotic tuberculid Primary inoculation tuberculosis Rapid growing mycobacterium infection Scrofuloderma Tuberculosis cutis orificialis Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis Tuberculous cellulitis Tuberculous gumma Tuberculoid leprosy Cutaneous actinomycosis Nocardiosis Cutaneous diphtheria infection Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Group JK corynebacterium sepsis Gram - ve Proteobacteria α : Endemic typhus Epidemic typhus Scrub typhus North Asian tick typhus Queensland tick typhus Flying squirrel typhus Trench fever Bacillary angiomatosis African tick bite fever American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Rickettsialpox Rocky Mountain spotted fever Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Flea - borne spotted fever Japanese spotted fever Mediterranean spotted fever Flinders Island spotted fever Verruga peruana Brill -- Zinsser disease Brucellosis Cat - scratch disease Oroya fever Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection β : Gonococcemia / Gonorrhea / Primary gonococcal dermatitis Melioidosis Cutaneous Pasteurella hemolytica infection Meningococcemia Glanders Chromobacteriosis infection γ : Pasteurellosis Tularemia Vibrio vulnificus Rhinoscleroma Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis Pseudomonal pyoderma / Pseudomonas hot - foot syndrome / Hot tub folliculitis / Ecthyma gangrenosum / Green nail syndrome Q fever Salmonellosis Shigellosis Plague Granuloma inguinale Chancroid Aeromonas infection ε : Helicobacter cellulitis Other Syphilid Syphilis Chancre Yaws Pinta Bejel Chlamydia infection Leptospirosis Rat - bite fever Lyme disease Lymphogranuloma venereum Unspecified pathogen Abscess Periapical abscess Boil / furuncle Hospital furunculosis Carbuncle Cellulitis Paronychia / Pyogenic paronychia Perianal cellulitis Acute lymphadenitis Pilonidal cyst Pyoderma Folliculitis Superficial pustular folliculitis Sycosis vulgaris Pimple Ecthyma Pitted keratolysis Trichomycosis axillaris Necrotizing fascitis Gangrene Chronic undermining burrowing ulcers Fournier gangrene Elephantiasis nostras Blistering distal dactylitis Botryomycosis Malakoplakia Gram - negative folliculitis Gram - negative toe web infection Pyomyositis Blastomycosis - like pyoderma Bullous impetigo Chronic lymphangitis Recurrent toxin - mediated perineal erythema Tick - borne lymphadenopathy Tropical ulcer Disorders of skin appendages ( L60 -- L75, 703 -- 706 ) Nail thickness : Onychogryphosis Onychauxis color : Beau 's lines Yellow nail syndrome Leukonychia Azure lunula shape : Koilonychia Nail clubbing behavior : Onychotillomania Onychophagia other : Ingrown nail Anonychia ungrouped : Paronychia Acute Chronic Chevron nail Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers Green nails Half and half nails Hangnail Hapalonychia Hook nail Ingrown nail Lichen planus of the nails Longitudinal erythronychia Malalignment of the nail plate Median nail dystrophy Mees ' lines Melanonychia Muehrcke 's lines Nail -- patella syndrome Onychoatrophy Onycholysis Onychomadesis Onychomatricoma Onychomycosis Onychophosis Onychoptosis defluvium Onychorrhexis Onychoschizia Platonychia Pincer nails Plummer 's nail Psoriatic nails Pterygium inversum unguis Pterygium unguis Purpura of the nail bed Racquet nail Red lunulae Shell nail syndrome Splinter hemorrhage Spotted lunulae Staining of the nail plate Stippled nails Subungual hematoma Terry 's nails Twenty - nail dystrophy Hair Hair loss / Baldness noncicatricial alopecia : Alopecia areata totalis universalis Ophiasis Androgenic alopecia ( male - pattern baldness ) Hypotrichosis Telogen effluvium Traction alopecia Lichen planopilaris Trichorrhexis nodosa Alopecia neoplastica Anagen effluvium Alopecia mucinosa cicatricial alopecia : Pseudopelade of Brocq Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia Pressure alopecia Traumatic alopecia Tumor alopecia Hot comb alopecia Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens Graham - Little syndrome Folliculitis decalvans ungrouped : Triangular alopecia Frontal fibrosing alopecia Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis Hypertrichosis Hirsutism Acquired localised generalised patterned Congenital generalised localised X-linked Prepubertal Acneiform eruption Acne Acne vulgaris Acne conglobata Acne miliaris necrotica Tropical acne Infantile acne / Neonatal acne Excoriated acne Acne fulminans Acne medicamentosa ( e.g., steroid acne ) Halogen acne Iododerma Bromoderma Chloracne Oil acne Tar acne Acne cosmetica Occupational acne Acne aestivalis Acne keloidalis nuchae Acne mechanica Acne with facial edema Pomade acne Acne necrotica Blackhead Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei Rosacea Perioral dermatitis Granulomatous perioral dermatitis Phymatous rosacea Rhinophyma Blepharophyma Gnathophyma Metophyma Otophyma Papulopustular rosacea Lupoid rosacea Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea Glandular rosacea Gram - negative rosacea Steroid rosacea Ocular rosacea Persistent edema of rosacea Rosacea conglobata variants Periorificial dermatitis Pyoderma faciale Ungrouped Granulomatous facial dermatitis Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma Periorbital dermatitis SAPHO syndrome Follicular cysts `` Sebaceous cyst '' Epidermoid cyst Trichilemmal cyst Steatocystoma simplex multiplex Milia Inflammation Folliculitis Folliculitis nares perforans Tufted folliculitis Pseudofolliculitis barbae Hidradenitis Hidradenitis suppurativa Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis Ungrouped Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex Acroosteolysis Bubble hair deformity Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis Erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli Hair casts Hair follicle nevus Intermittent hair -- follicle dystrophy Keratosis pilaris atropicans Kinking hair Koenen 's tumor Lichen planopilaris Lichen spinulosus Loose anagen syndrome Menkes kinky hair syndrome Monilethrix Parakeratosis pustulosa Pili ( Pili annulati Pili bifurcati Pili multigemini Pili pseudoannulati Pili torti ) Pityriasis amiantacea Plica neuropathica Poliosis Rubinstein -- Taybi syndrome Setleis syndrome Traumatic anserine folliculosis Trichomegaly Trichomycosis axillaris Trichorrhexis ( Trichorrhexis invaginata Trichorrhexis nodosa ) Trichostasis spinulosa Uncombable hair syndrome Wooly hair Wooly hair nevus Sweat glands Eccrine Miliaria Colloid milium Miliaria crystalline Miliaria profunda Miliaria pustulosa Miliaria rubra Occlusion miliaria Postmiliarial hypohidrosis Granulosis rubra nasi Ross ' syndrome Anhidrosis Hyperhidrosis Generalized Gustatory Palmoplantar Apocrine Body odor Chromhidrosis Fox -- Fordyce disease Sebaceous Sebaceous hyperplasia Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paronychia&oldid=802816547 '' Categories : Occupational diseases Conditions of the skin appendages Nails ( anatomy ) Tuberculosis Hidden categories : Articles containing Greek - 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Question: acute infection of the fold of skin around a nail
Answer: Paronychia