JDBC driver - wikipedia JDBC driver hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2011 ) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. ( March 2011 ) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. ( December 2013 ) A JDBC driver is a software component enabling a Java application to interact with a database. JDBC drivers are analogous to ODBC drivers, ADO.NET data providers, and OLE DB providers. To connect with individual databases, JDBC ( the Java Database Connectivity API ) requires drivers for each database. The JDBC driver gives out the connection to the database and implements the protocol for transferring the query and result between client and database. JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories. JDBC - ODBC bridge Native - API driver Network - Protocol driver ( Middleware driver ) Database - Protocol driver ( Pure Java driver ) or thin driver. Contents 1 Type 1 driver -- JDBC - ODBC bridge 1.1 Advantages 1.2 Disadvantages 2 Type 2 driver -- Native - API driver 2.1 Advantages 2.2 Disadvantages 3 Type 3 driver -- Network - Protocol driver ( middleware driver ) 3.1 Functions 3.2 Advantages 3.3 Disadvantages 4 Type 4 driver -- Database - Protocol driver ( Pure Java driver ) 4.1 Advantages 4.2 Disadvantages 5 List of JDBC drivers 6 See also 7 References Type 1 driver -- JDBC - ODBC bridge Schematic of the JDBC - ODBC bridge The JDBC type 1 driver, also known as the JDBC - ODBC bridge, is a database driver implementation that employs the ODBC driver to connect to the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into ODBC function calls. The driver is platform - dependent as it makes use of ODBC which in turn depends on native libraries of the underlying operating system the JVM is running upon. Also, use of this driver leads to other installation dependencies ; for example, ODBC must be installed on the computer having the driver and the database must support an ODBC driver. The use of this driver is discouraged if the alternative of a pure - Java driver is available. The other implication is that any application using a type 1 driver is non-portable given the binding between the driver and platform. This technology is n't suitable for a high - transaction environment. Type 1 drivers also do n't support the complete Java command set and are limited by the functionality of the ODBC driver. Sun ( now Oracle ) provided a JDBC - ODBC Bridge driver : sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver. This driver is native code and not Java, and is closed source. Sun 's / Oracle 's JDBC - ODBC Bridge was removed in Java 8 ( other vendors ' are available ). If a driver has been written so that loading it causes an instance to be created and also calls DriverManager. registerDriver with that instance as the parameter ( as it should do ), then it is in the DriverManager 's list of drivers and available for creating a connection. It may sometimes be the case that more than one JDBC driver is capable of connecting to a given URL. For example, when connecting to a given remote database, it might be possible to use a JDBC - ODBC bridge driver, a JDBC - to - generic - network - protocol driver, or a driver supplied by the database vendor. In such cases, the order in which the drivers are tested is significant because the DriverManager will use the first driver it finds that can successfully connect to the given URL. First the DriverManager tries to use each driver in the order it was registered. ( The drivers listed in jdbc. drivers are always registered first. ) It will skip any drivers that are untrusted code unless they have been loaded from the same source as the code that is trying to open the connection. It tests the drivers by calling the method Driver. connect on each one in turn, passing them the URL that the user originally passed to the method DriverManager. getConnection. The first driver that recognizes the URL makes the connection. Advantages Almost any database for which an ODBC driver is installed can be accessed, and data can be retrieved. Disadvantages Performance overhead since the calls have to go through the JDBC bridge to the ODBC driver, then to the native database connectivity interface ( thus may be slower than other types of drivers ). The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine. Not suitable for applets, because the ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client. Specific ODBC drivers are not always available on all platforms ; hence, portability of this driver is limited. No support from JDK 1.8 ( Java 8 ). Type 2 driver -- native - API driver Schematic of the Native API driver The JDBC type 2 driver, also known as the Native - API driver, is a database driver implementation that uses the client - side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into native calls of the database API. For example : Oracle OCI driver is a type 2 driver. Advantages As there is no implementation of JDBC - ODBC bridge, it may be considerably faster than a Type 1 driver. Disadvantages The vendor client library needs to be installed on the client machine. Not all databases have a client - side library. This driver is platform dependent. This driver supports all Java applications except applets. Type 3 driver -- network - protocol driver ( middleware driver ) Schematic of the Network Protocol driver The JDBC type 3 driver, also known as the Pure Java driver for database middleware, is a database driver implementation which makes use of a middle tier between the calling program and the database. The middle - tier ( application server ) converts JDBC calls directly or indirectly into a vendor - specific database protocol. This differs from the type 4 driver in that the protocol conversion logic resides not at the client, but in the middle - tier. Like type 4 drivers, the type 3 driver is written entirely in Java. The same client - side JDBC driver may be used for multiple databases. It depends on the number of databases the middleware has been configured to support. The type 3 driver is platform - independent as the platform - related differences are taken care of by the middleware. Also, making use of the middleware provides additional advantages of security and firewall access. Functions Sends JDBC API calls to a middle - tier net server that translates the calls into the DBMS - specific network protocol. The translated calls are then sent to a particular DBMS. Follows a three - tier communication approach. Can interface to multiple databases -- Not vendor specific. The JDBC Client driver written in java, communicates with a middleware - net - server using a database independent protocol, and then this net server translates this request into database commands for that database. Thus the client driver to middleware communication is database independent. Advantages Since the communication between client and the middleware server is database independent, there is no need for the database vendor library on the client. The client need not be changed for a new database. The middleware server ( which can be a full - fledged J2EE Application server ) can provide typical middleware services like caching ( of connections, query results, etc. ), load balancing, logging, and auditing. A single driver can handle any database, provided the middleware supports it. E.g. : IDA Server Disadvantages Requires database - specific coding to be done in the middle tier. The middle ware layer added may result in additional latency, but is typically overcome by using better middle ware services... Type 4 driver -- database - protocol driver ( Pure Java driver ) Schematic of the Native - Protocol driver The JDBC type 4 driver, also known as the Direct to Database Pure Java Driver, is a database driver implementation that converts JDBC calls directly into a vendor - specific database protocol. Written completely in Java, type 4 drivers are thus platform independent. They install inside the Java Virtual Machine of the client. This provides better performance than the type 1 and type 2 drivers as it does not have the overhead of conversion of calls into ODBC or database API calls. Unlike the type 3 drivers, it does not need associated software to work. As the database protocol is vendor specific, the JDBC client requires separate drivers, usually vendor supplied, to connect to different types of databases. This type includes, for example, the widely used Oracle thin driver. Advantages Completely implemented in Java to achieve platform independence. These drivers do n't translate the requests into an intermediary format ( such as ODBC ). The client application connects directly to the database server. No translation or middleware layers are used, improving performance. The JVM can manage all aspects of the application - to - database connection ; this can facilitate debugging. Disadvantages Drivers are database specific, as different database vendors use widely different ( and usually proprietary ) network protocols. List of JDBC drivers List of jdbc vendors registered with Oracle Open Source Performance Benchmark See also ADO.NET OLE DB Open Database Connectivity ( ODBC ) XQJ ( XQuery API for Java ) References Jump up ^ `` Java SE Technologies - Database '' Jump up ^ Sun JDBC Overview Jump up ^ Oracle. `` JDBC - ODBC Bridge ''. https://docs.oracle.com/. Retrieved 27 June 2015. External link in website = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Life after sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver ''. Universal Data Access Technology Blog. OpenLink Software. 2015 - 06 - 04. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 18. JDBC - to - ODBC Bridge, in both Type 1 and Type 3 forms, has been available and regularly updated since its original release for JDBC 1. Jump up ^ https://www.progress.com/connectors/sequelink Jump up ^ http://www.easysoft.com/blog/java-8.html Jump up ^ http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19509-01/820-5069/ggzci/index.html Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JDBC_driver&oldid=841670292 '' Categories : Java platform Data access technologies Hidden categories : CS1 errors : external links Articles needing additional references from March 2011 All articles needing additional references Articles needing cleanup from March 2011 All pages needing cleanup Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from March 2011 Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from March 2011 Wikipedia articles that are too technical from December 2013 All articles that are too technical Articles needing expert attention from December 2013 All articles needing expert attention Articles with multiple maintenance issues Talk Contents About Wikipedia Қазақша Português Edit links This page was last edited on 17 May 2018, at 08 : 23 ( UTC ). 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Question: which driver converts jdbc calls directly into the vendor-specific database protocol
Answer: JDBC type 3 driver