Executive order 9981 - wikipedia Executive order 9981 The Chicago Defender announces Executive Order 9981 Executive Order 9981 was an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. Contents 1 Before Executive Order 9981 2 Attempts to end discrimination 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links Before Executive order 9981 Blacks in the military worked under different rules that delayed their entry into combat. They had to wait three years before they could begin combat training while a white American would begin training within months of being qualified. The Air Corps was deliberately delaying the training of African Americans even though the Air Corps needed more manpower ( Survey and Recommendations ). In an Army survey conducted among 250 white officers and sergeants who had a colored platoon assigned to their company the following results were found : 77 % of both officers and sergeants said they had become more favorable towards colored soldiers after having a colored platoon assigned to their company ( no cases were found where someone said their attitude towards them had turned less favorable ), 84 % of officers and 81 % of sergeants thought the colored soldiers had performed very well in combat, only 5 % of officers and 4 % of sergeants thought that colored infantry soldiers were not as good as white infantry soldiers, and 73 % of officers and 60 % of sergeants thought the colored soldiers and white soldiers got along together very well ( Opinions about Negro Infantry ). According to this particular survey there are no reasonable grounds for segregation in the armed forces. Attempts to end discrimination In 1947, A. Philip Randolph, along with colleague Grant Reynolds, renewed efforts to end discrimination in the armed services, forming the Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training, later renamed the League for Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation. Truman 's Order expanded on Executive Order 8802 by establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the military for people of all races, religions, or national origins. The order : It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale. The order also established a committee to investigate and make recommendations to the civilian leadership of the military to implement the policy. The order eliminated Montford Point as a segregated marine boot camp. It became a satellite facility of Camp Lejeune. Most of the actual enforcement of the order was accomplished by President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's administration ( 1953 -- 1961 ), including the desegregation of military schools, hospitals, and bases. The last of the all - black units in the United States military was abolished in September 1954. Kenneth Claiborne Royall, Secretary of the Army since 1947, was forced into retirement in April 1949 for continuing to refuse to desegregate the army nearly a year after President Truman 's Order. Fifteen years after Truman 's order, on July 26, 1963, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara issued Directive 5120.36 obligating military commanders not to employ their financial resources against facilities used by soldiers or their families that discriminated based upon sex or race. References Jump up ^ `` Executive Order 9981 ''. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. Retrieved December 24, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Survey and Recommendations Concerning the Integration of the Negro Soldier into the Army ''. Harry S. Truman Library. September 22, 1941. Jump up ^ `` Opinions About Negro Infantry Platoons in White Companies of 7 Divisions ''. Harry S. Truman Library. July 3, 1945. Jump up ^ Susan M. Glisson, The Human Tradition in the Civil Rights Movement ( Rowman & Littlefield, 2006 ), 91 Jump up ^ `` Marine Corps Base Camp LeJeune -- History ''. Official Website of the United States Marine Corps. Retrieved March 24, 2017. Jump up ^ Nichols, David A. ( 2007 ). A Matter of Justice : Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution. New York : Simon and Schuster. pp. 42 -- 50. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4165 - 4554 - 5. Jump up ^ Robert B. Edgerton, Hidden Heroism : Black Soldiers in America 's Wars, ( Barnes & Noble 2009 ), 165 Further reading Alan L. Gropman, The Air Force Integrates, 1949 -- 1964 ( Office of Air Force History, 1986 ) Morris J. MacGregor, Jr., Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940 -- 1965 ( US Government Printing Office, 1981 ) Jon E. Taylor, Freedom to Serve : Truman, Civil Rights, and Executive Order 9981 ( Routledge, 2013 ) External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : Executive Order 9981 Full text of Executive Order 9981 from the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940 -- 1965 ( Defense Studies Series ) by Morris J. MacGregor, Jr., from the United States Army Center of Military History Harry S. Truman 33rd President of the United States ( 1945 -- 1953 ) 34th Vice President of the United States ( 1945 ) U.S. Senator from Missouri ( 1935 -- 1945 ) Presidency 1945 inauguration 1949 inauguration Potsdam Conference Agreement on Europe Declaration to Japan Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Fair Deal Mental Health Act National Institute of Mental Health National School Lunch Act Employment Act of 1946 Council of Economic Advisers Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Loyalty Order National Security Act of 1947 Joint Chiefs of Staff National Security Council Department of the Air Force Central Intelligence Agency Key West Agreement Joint Long Range Proving Grounds Revolt of the Admirals Committee on Civil Rights Integration of the Armed Forces Housing Act of 1949 North Atlantic Treaty NATO Assassination attempt Korean War U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82, 83 Relief of General MacArthur Office of Defense Mobilization Science Advisory Committee 1952 steel strike Puerto Rican constitutional referendum, 1952 National Security Agency State of the Union Address ( 1946 1950 1952 ) Judicial appointments Supreme Court Cabinet Truman Balcony `` The buck stops here '' Life Early life and career Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite Missouri Office and Courtroom Truman Committee Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944 Books Bibliography Homes Birthplace Harry S. Truman Farm Home Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site Historic District Blair House Truman Little White House Elections United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934 1940 Democratic National Convention 1944 1948 United States presidential election, 1944 1948 `` Dewey Defeats Truman '' campaign song Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1952 Legacy Truman Day Harry S Truman Building Truman Dam and Reservoir Harry S. Truman Scholarship Truman Sports Complex U.S. Postage stamps Related Give ' em Hell, Harry ( 1975 play and film ) Truman ( 1995 film ) Family Bess Wallace Truman ( wife ) Margaret Truman ( daughter ) John Anderson Truman ( father ) Martha Ellen Young Truman ( mother ) Clifton Truman Daniel ( grandson ) ← Franklin D. Roosevelt Dwight D. Eisenhower → Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Executive_Order_9981&oldid=804859633 '' Categories : Executive orders of Harry S. Truman African - American history of the United States military History of civil rights in the United States 20th - century military history of the United States 1948 in law 1948 in the United States African - American history between emancipation and the Civil Rights Movement Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Deutsch עברית Română 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 October 2017, at 15 : 38. About Wikipedia

Question: when did segregation end in the us military
Answer: July 26, 1948