Sex reassignment surgery ( male - to - female ) - wikipedia Sex reassignment surgery ( male - to - female ) Part of a series on Transgender topics Gender identities Agender, genderless Androgyne Bigender Genderqueer, non-binary Gender bender Hijra Pangender Queer heterosexuality Third gender Trans man Trans woman Transmasculine Transfeminine Trigender Two - Spirit Health care and medicine Gender dysphoria In children Health care Pregnancy Sex reassignment Therapy Surgery To female To male Transsexual Rights issues Discrimination Inequality Non-binary Transmisogyny Transphobia Rights Movement Non-binary, third gender Organizations Toilets Bathroom bills Unisex Violence Trans bashing Unlawful killings Yogyakarta Principles Society and culture Characters Fictional Film and television LGBT - related films Events Awareness Week Day of Remembrance Day of Visibility March LGBT Flags History People Non-binary Publications Transitioning Sports Youth more Theory and concepts Ambiphilia, androphilia, gynephilia Childhood gender nonconformity Cisgender, cissexual Cross-dressing Gender identity Genderism Gender binary Gender - sexuality questioning Gender variance Postgenderism Transfeminism Transmisogyny By country Argentina Australia Rights Re Kevin Brazil Canada Bill C - 16, 2016 Rights China Germany India Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014 Tamil Nadu Iran Ireland New Zealand Singapore South Africa Turkey United Kingdom Rights Gender Recognition Act 2004 United States Cafeteria riot Disenfranchisement History Rights Law Title IX See also Gender Intersex LGBT Sex sex assignment Sex and gender distinction Sexual orientation Transgender portal Sex reassignment surgery for male - to - female involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and, as far as possible, the function of female genitalia. Prior to any surgeries, patients usually undergo hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ), and, depending on the age at which HRT begins, facial hair removal. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to, including facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation, and various other procedures. Contents 1 History 2 Genital surgery 3 Other related procedures 3.1 Facial feminization surgery 3.2 Breast augmentation 3.3 Voice feminization surgery 3.4 Tracheal shave 3.5 Buttock augmentation 4 See also 5 References History Lili Elbe was the first known recipient of male - to - female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930. She was the subject of five surgeries : one of penectomy and orchiectomy, one intended to transplant ovaries, two to remove the ovaries after transplant rejection, and vaginoplasty. However, she died three months after her fifth operation. Christine Jørgensen was likely the most famous recipient of sex reassignment surgery, having her surgery done in Denmark in late 1952 and being outed right afterwards. She was a strong advocate for the rights of transgender people. Another famous person to undergo male - to - female sex reassignment surgery was Renée Richards. She transitioned and had surgery in the mid-1970s, and successfully fought to have transgender people recognized in their new sex. The first male - to - female surgeries in the United States took place in 1966 at the Johns Hopkins University Medical Center. The first physician to perform sex reassignment surgery in the United States was the late Elmer Belt, who did so until the late 1960s. Genital surgery Main article : Vaginoplasty When changing anatomical sex from male to female, the testicles are removed, and the skin of foreskin and penis is usually inverted, as a flap preserving blood and nerve supplies ( a technique pioneered by Sir Harold Gillies in 1951 ), to form a fully sensitive vagina ( vaginoplasty ). A clitoris fully supplied with nerve endings ( innervated ) can be formed from part of the glans of the penis. If the patient has been circumcised ( removal of the foreskin ), or if the surgeon 's technique uses more skin in the formation of the labia minora, the pubic hair follicles are removed from some of the scrotal tissue, which is then incorporated by the surgeon within the vagina. Other scrotal tissue forms the labia majora. In extreme cases of shortage of skin, or when a vaginoplasty has failed, a vaginal lining can be created from skin grafts from the thighs or hips, or a section of colon may be grafted in ( colovaginoplasty ). Surgeon 's requirements, procedures, and recommendations vary enormously in the days before and after, and the months following, these procedures. Plastic surgery, since it involves skin, is never an exact procedure, and cosmetic refining to the outer vulva is sometimes required. Some surgeons prefer to do most of the crafting of the outer vulva as a second surgery, when other tissues, blood and nerve supplies have recovered from the first surgery. This relatively minor surgery, which is usually performed only under local anaesthetic, is called labiaplasty. The aesthetic, sensational, and functional results of vaginoplasty vary greatly. Surgeons vary considerably in their techniques and skills, patients ' skin varies in elasticity and healing ability ( which is affected by age, nutrition, physical activity and smoking ), any previous surgery in the area can impact results, and surgery can be complicated by problems such as infections, blood loss, or nerve damage. Supporters of colovaginoplasty state that this method is better than use of skin grafts for the reason that colon is already mucosal, whereas skin is not. Lubrication is needed when having sex and occasional douching is advised so that bacteria do not start to grow and give off odors. Because the human body treats the new vagina as a wound, any current technique of vaginoplasty requires some long - term maintenance of volume ( vaginal dilation ), by the patient, using medical graduated dilators, dildos, or suitable substitutes, to keep the vagina open. Sexual intercourse is not an adequate method of performing dilation. Regular application of estrogen into the vagina, for which there are several standard products, may help, but this must be calculated into total estrogen dose. Some surgeons have techniques to ensure continued depth, but extended periods without dilation will still often result in reduced diameter ( vaginal stenosis ) to some degree, which would require stretching again, either gradually, or, in extreme cases, under anaesthetic. With current procedures, trans women do not have ovaries or uteri. This means that they are unable to bear children or menstruate until a uterus transplant is performed, and that they will need to remain on hormone therapy after their surgery to maintain female hormonal status. Other related procedures Facial feminization surgery Main article : Facial feminization surgery Occasionally these basic procedures are complemented further with feminizing cosmetic surgeries or procedures that modify bone or cartilage structures, typically in the jaw, brow, forehead, nose and cheek areas. These are known as facial feminization surgery or FFS. Breast augmentation Breast augmentation is the enlargement of the breasts. Some trans women choose to undergo this procedure if hormone therapy does not yield satisfactory results. Usually, typical growth for trans women is one to two cup sizes below closely related females such as the mother or sisters. Estrogen is responsible for fat distribution to the breasts, hips and buttocks, while progesterone is responsible for developing the actual milk glands. Progesterone also rounds out the breast to an adult Tanner stage - 5 shape and matures and darkens the areola. Voice feminization surgery See also : Voice therapy ( trans ) § Vocal surgeries Some MTF individuals may elect to have voice surgery, altering the range or pitch of the person 's vocal cords. However, this procedure carries the risk of impairing a trans woman 's voice forever, as happened to transsexual economist and author Deirdre McCloskey. Because estrogens by themselves are not able to alter a person 's voice range or pitch, some people proceed to seek treatment. Other options are available to people wishing to speak in a less masculine tone. Voice feminization lessons are available to train trans women to practice feminization of their speech. Tracheal shave Tracheal shave is also sometimes used to reduce the cartilage in the area of the throat to conform to more feminine dimensions, to greatly reduce the appearance of an Adam 's apple. Buttock augmentation Because anatomically masculine hips and buttocks are generally smaller than those that are anatomically feminine, some MTF individuals will choose to undergo buttock augmentation. If, however, efficient hormone therapy is conducted before the patient is past puberty, the pelvis will broaden slightly, and even if the patient is past their teen years, a layer of subcutaneous fat will be distributed over the body rounding contours. Trans women usually end up with a waist to hip ratio of around 0.8, and if estrogen is administered at a young enough age `` before the bone plates close '', some trans women may achieve a waist to hip ratio of 0.7 or lower. The pubescent pelvis will broaden under estrogen therapy even if the skeleton is anatomically masculine. See also Transgender portal List of transgender - related topics Sex reassignment surgery Sex reassignment surgery ( female - to - male ) References Jump up ^ Wexler, Laura ( 2007 ). `` Identity Crisis ''. Baltimore Style ( January / February ). Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 12. Transgender topics Gender identities Agender ( genderless ) Androgyne Bigender Genderqueer / non-binary Hijra Pangender Queer heterosexuality Third gender Trans man Trans woman Transmasculine Transfeminine Trigender Two - Spirit Health care and medicine Gender dysphoria In children Health care Pregnancy Sex reassignment therapy surgery to female to male Transsexual Rights issues Discrimination Inequality Non-binary Transmisogyny Transphobia Rights Non-binary / third gender movement organizations Toilets Bathroom bills Unisex Violence Trans bashing Unlawful killings Yogyakarta Principles Society and culture Characters fictional film and television LGBT - related films Events Awareness Week Day of Remembrance Day of Visibility March LGBT Flags History People Publications Sports Youth more Theory and concepts Ambiphilia / Androphilia / Gynephilia Cisgender / cissexual Cross-dressing Gender identity Genderism ( gender binary ) Gender / sexuality questioning Gender variance Postgenderism Transfeminism Transmisogyny By country Argentina Australia Rights Re Kevin Brazil Canada Bill C - 16, 2016 Rights China Germany India Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014 Tamil Nadu Iran Ireland New Zealand Singapore South Africa Turkey United Kingdom Rights Gender Recognition Act 2004 United States Cafeteria riot Disenfranchisement History Rights Title IX Legal history See also Gender Intersex LGBT Sex Sex assignment Sex and gender distinction Sexual orientation Transgender portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sex_reassignment_surgery_(male-to-female)&oldid=807801199 '' Categories : Gender transitioning Surgical procedures and techniques Trans women Transgender and medicine Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2017, at 05 : 15. 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Question: when was the first gender reassignment surgery performed
Answer: Lili Elbe