Geography of Florida - wikipedia Geography of Florida Topographic map of Florida Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Spanning two time zones, it extends to the northwest into a panhandle along the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is bordered on the north by the states of Georgia and Alabama, and on the west, at the end of the panhandle, by Alabama. It is near The Bahamas and several Caribbean countries, particularly Cuba. Florida has 131 public airports, and more than 700 private airports, airstrips, heliports, and seaplane bases. Florida is one of the largest states east of the Mississippi River, and only Alaska and Michigan are larger in water area. Crandon Park in Key Biscayne A map of Florida showing county names and boundaries The beach at Bahia Honda in the Florida Keys Contents 1 History 2 Terrain 3 Boundaries 4 Climate 4.1 Severe weather 4.2 Hurricanes 5 Animals of Florida 6 Geology 7 See also 8 References History Main article : History of Florida Florida 's extensive coastline made it a perceived target during World War II, so the government built airstrips throughout the state ; today, approximately 400 airports are still in service. Terrain At 345 feet ( 105 m ) above mean sea level, Britton Hill in northern Walton County is the highest point in Florida and the lowest highpoint of any U.S. state. Much of the state south of Orlando is low - lying and fairly level ; however, some places, such as Clearwater, feature vistas that rise 50 to 100 feet ( 15 to 30 m ) above the water. Much of Central and North Florida, typically 25 miles ( 40 km ) or more away from the coastline, features rolling hills with elevations ranging from 100 to 250 feet ( 30 to 76 m ). The highest point in peninsular Florida, Sugarloaf Mountain, is a 312 - foot ( 95 m ) peak in Lake County. Much of Florida has an elevation of less than 12 feet ( 3.7 m ), including many populated areas such as Miami which are located on the coast. Miami and other parts of south Florida are the most vulnerable regions in the world to rising sea levels associated with climate change. Due to the vast amounts of limestone bedrock that Florida sits above, water is allowed to move relatively freely beneath dry land and to rise up to the surface. Water will also likely encroach from the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf Coast, and up through the Everglades, endangering the plant biomass within its marsh communities. Boundaries The state line begins in the Atlantic Ocean, traveling west, south, and north up the thalweg of the Saint Mary 's River. At the origin of that river, it then follows a straight line nearly due west and slightly north, to the point where the confluence of the Flint River ( from Georgia ) and the Chattahoochee River ( down the Alabama / Georgia line ) used to form Florida 's Apalachicola River. ( Since Woodruff Dam was built, this point has been under Lake Seminole. ) The border with Georgia continues north through the lake for a short distance up the former thalweg of the Chattahoochee, then with Alabama runs due west along 31 ° N to the Perdido River, then south along its thalweg to the Gulf via Perdido Bay. Much of the state is at or near sea level. Florida is also 65,755 square miles. Climate Florida map of Köppen climate classification. Royal Poinciana tree in full bloom in the Florida Keys, an indication of South Florida 's tropical climate Main article : Climate of Florida See also : List of Florida hurricanes and List of all - time high and low temperatures by state The climate of Florida is tempered by the fact that no part of the state is very distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical, while coastal areas south of the lake ( including the Florida Keys ) have a true tropical climate. Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit ( 32 -- 34 ° C ). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit ( 4 -- 7 ° C ) in northern Florida to the mid-50s ( ≈ 13 ° C ) in southern Florida. Fall foliage in North Florida In the summer, high temperatures in the state seldom exceed 100 ° F ( 38 ° C ). During the late autumn and winter months, Florida has experienced occasional cold fronts that can bring high winds and relatively cooler temperatures for the entire state, with high temperatures that could remain into the 40s and 50s ( 4 to 15 ° C ) and lows in the 20s and 30s ( − 7 to 4 ° C ). Several record cold maxima have been in the 30s ° F ( − 1 to 4 ° C ) and record lows have been in the 10s ( − 12 to − 7 ° C ). These temperatures normally extend at most a few days at a time in the northern and central parts of Florida. Southern Florida, however, rarely encounters sub-freezing temperatures. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Florida was 109 ° F ( 43 ° C ), which was set on June 29, 1931 in Monticello. The coldest temperature was − 2 ° F ( − 19 ° C ), on February 13, 1899, just 25 miles ( 40 km ) away, in Tallahassee. South Florida 's climate is ideal for growing sugarcane. The USDA Plant hardiness zones for the state range from zone 8a ( no colder than 10 ° F ( − 12 ° C ) ) in the Crestview to zone 10b ( no colder than 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) ) in Southeast Florida. During El Nino there is greater rainfall between November to March. At the end of El Nino in 1998 480 wildfire occurred. The seasons in Florida are determined more by precipitation than by temperature, with the hot, wet springs and summers making up the wet season, and mild to cool, and the relatively dry winters and autumns, making the dry season. Fall foliage appears in Central and North Florida starting around late November, and into winter. The Florida Keys, because they are completely surrounded by water, have lesser variability in temperatures. At Key West, temperatures rarely exceed 95 ° F ( 35 ° C ) in the summer or fall below 55 ° F ( 13 ° C ) in the winter, and frost has never been reported in the Keys. Average high and low temperatures for various Florida cities City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jacksonville 65 / 43 68 / 45 74 / 50 80 / 56 86 / 64 90 / 70 92 / 73 91 / 73 87 / 70 80 / 61 73 / 51 66 / 44 Key West 75 / 65 76 / 66 79 / 69 82 / 72 85 / 76 88 / 78 89 / 80 90 / 80 88 / 78 85 / 76 80 / 71 76 / 67 Melbourne 72 / 51 73 / 53 77 / 57 81 / 61 85 / 67 88 / 71 90 / 73 90 / 73 88 / 72 83 / 67 78 / 60 73 / 53 Miami 76 / 60 77 / 61 80 / 64 83 / 68 86 / 72 88 / 75 90 / 77 90 / 77 88 / 76 85 / 72 81 / 67 77 / 62 Pensacola 61 / 43 64 / 46 70 / 51 76 / 58 84 / 66 89 / 72 90 / 74 90 / 74 87 / 70 80 / 60 70 / 50 63 / 45 Tallahassee 64 / 40 67 / 42 73 / 48 80 / 53 87 / 62 91 / 69 91 / 72 91 / 72 88 / 68 81 / 57 72 / 47 66 / 41 Tampa 71 / 51 72 / 52 77 / 57 82 / 62 88 / 68 90 / 73 90 / 75 90 / 75 89 / 73 84 / 66 77 / 58 72 / 52 Severe Weather Typical summer afternoon shower from the Everglades traveling eastward over Downtown Miami Florida 's nickname is the `` Sunshine State '', but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. Florida has the highest average precipitation of any state, in large part because afternoon thunderstorms are common in most of the state from late spring until early autumn. A fair day may be interrupted with a storm, only to return to sunshine an hour or so later. These thunderstorms, caused by overland collisions of moist masses of air from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, pop up in the early afternoon and can bring heavy downpours, high winds, and sometimes, tornadoes. Florida leads the United States in tornadoes per square mile ( when including waterspouts ), but they do not typically reach the intensity of those in the Midwest and Great Plains. Hail often accompanies the most severe thunderstorms. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually. Snow is very uncommon in Florida, but has occurred in every major Florida city at least once ; snow does fall very occasionally in North Florida Snow in Florida is a rare occurrence, especially on the peninsula. During the Great Blizzard of 1899, Florida experienced blizzard conditions ; the Tampa Bay area had `` gulf - effect '' snow, similar to lake - effect snow in the Great Lakes region. During the 1899 blizzard was the only time the temperature in Florida is known to have fallen below 0 degrees Fahrenheit ( − 18 ° C ). The most widespread snowfall in Florida history occurred on January 19, 1977, when snow fell over much of the state, with flurries as far south as Homestead. Snow flurries also fell on Miami Beach for the only time in recorded history. A hard freeze in 2003 brought `` ocean - effect '' snow flurries to the Atlantic coast as far south as Cape Canaveral. The 1993 Superstorm brought blizzard conditions to the panhandle, while heavy rain and tornadoes beset the peninsula. The storm is believed to have been similar in composition to a hurricane, some Gulf coast regions even seeing storm surges of six feet or more. More recently, traces of snow and sleet fell across central and southern Florida during a hard freeze event in January, 2010. There was some slight accumulation north of the I - 4 corridor, mostly in the form of sleet. Hurricanes Hurricane Andrew bearing down on Florida on August 23, 1992 Hurricanes pose a severe threat during hurricane season, which lasts from June 1 to November 30, although some storms have been known to form out of season. Florida is the most hurricane - prone US state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. From 1851 to 2006, Florida has been struck by 114 hurricanes, 37 of them major -- category 3 and above. It is rare for a hurricane season to pass without any impact in the state by at least a tropical storm. For storms, category 4 or higher, 83 % have either hit Florida or Texas. August to October is the most likely period for a hurricane in Florida. In 2004, Florida was hit by a record four hurricanes. Hurricanes Charley ( August 13 ), Frances ( September 4 -- 5 ), Ivan ( September 16 ), and Jeanne ( September 25 -- 26 ) cumulatively cost the state 's economy $42 billion. Additionally, the four storms caused an estimated $45 billion in damage. In 2005, Hurricane Dennis ( July 10 ) became the fifth storm to strike Florida within eleven months. Later, Hurricane Katrina ( August 25 ) passed through South Florida and Hurricane Rita ( September 20 ) swept through the Florida Keys. Hurricane Wilma ( October 24 ) made landfall near Cape Romano, just south of Marco Island, finishing another very active hurricane season. Wilma is the second most expensive hurricane in Florida history, due in part to a five - year window in which to file claims. Florida was the site of the second costliest weather disaster in U.S. history, Hurricane Andrew, which caused more than US $25 billion in damage when it struck on August 24, 1992. In a long list of other infamous hurricane strikes are the 1926 Miami hurricane, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, Hurricane Donna in 1960, and Hurricane Opal in 1995. A 2005 US government report suggests the storms are part of a natural cycle and not a result of global warming, but that report has been criticized as having been politicized. Animals of Florida Further information : List of reptiles of Florida, List of mammals of Florida, and List of birds of Florida Alligator in the Florida Everglades Key deer in the lower Florida Keys The Florida scrub jay is found only in Florida Florida is host to many types of wildlife including : Marine mammals : bottlenose dolphin, short - finned pilot whale, North Atlantic right whale, West Indian manatee Reptiles : American alligator and crocodile, eastern diamondback and pygmy rattlesnakes, gopher tortoise, green and leatherback sea turtles, eastern indigo snake Mammals : Florida panther, northern river otter, mink, eastern cottontail rabbit, marsh rabbit, raccoon, striped skunk, squirrel, white - tailed deer, Key deer, bobcats, gray fox, coyote, wild boar, Florida black bear, nine - banded armadillos Birds : bald eagle, northern caracara, snail kite, osprey, white and brown pelicans, sea gulls, whooping and sandhill cranes, roseate spoonbill, Florida scrub jay ( state endemic ), and others. One subspecies of wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, namely subspecies osceola, is found only in the state of Florida. The state is a wintering location for many species of eastern North American birds. Invertebrates : carpenter ants, termites, and American cockroach. The only known calving area for the northern right whale is off the coasts of Florida and Georgia. Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting. A number of non-native snakes have been released in the wild. In 2010 the state created a hunting season for Burmese and Indian pythons, African rock pythons, green anacondas, and Nile monitor lizards. Geology Main article : Geology of Florida The Florida peninsula is a porous plateau of karst limestone sitting atop bedrock known as the Florida Platform. The emergent portion of the platform was created during the Eocene to Oligocene as the Gulf Trough filled with silts, clays, and sands. Flora and fauna began appearing during the Miocene. No land animals were present in Florida prior to the Miocene. The largest deposits of potash in the country are found in Florida. Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna. The Everglades, a wide, slow - flowing river, encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. While there are sinkholes in much of the state, modern sinkholes have tended to be in West - Central Florida. Florida is tied for last place ( with North Dakota ) as having the fewest earthquakes of any US state. Because Florida is not located near any tectonic plate boundaries, earthquakes are very rare, but not totally unknown. In January, 1879, a shock occurred near St. Augustine. There were reports of heavy shaking that knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves. Similar effects were noted at Daytona Beach 50 miles ( 80 km ) south. The tremor was felt as far south as Tampa and as far north as Savannah, Georgia. In January 1880, Cuba was the center of two strong earthquakes that sent severe shock waves through the city of Key West, Florida. ( See List of earthquakes in Cuba ) Another earthquake centered outside Florida was the 1886 Charleston earthquake. The shock was felt throughout northern Florida, ringing church bells at St. Augustine and severely jolting other towns along that section of Florida 's east coast. Jacksonville residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in September, October, and November 1886. As recently as 2006, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake centered about 260 miles ( 420 km ) southwest of Tampa in the Gulf of Mexico sent shock waves through southwest and central Florida. The earthquake was too small to trigger a tsunami and no damage was reported. See also List of counties in Florida List of Florida state parks List of bays of Florida References ^ Jump up to : `` Florida Drug Threat Assessment - Overview ''. National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 20. Retrieved 2007 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ Main, Martin B. ; Allen, Ginger M. ( July 2007 ). `` The Florida Environment : An Overview ''. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. 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State of Florida Tallahassee ( capital ) Topics Index Climate Congressional Delegations Districts Education Environment Fauna Flora Geology Government Hurricanes Law Media Newspapers Radio TV Symbols Flag Seal Tourist attractions Transportation Seal of Florida History Timeline Spanish Florida British Rule East Florida West Florida Florida Territory Seminole Wars Slavery Plantations of Leon County Civil War Florida East Coast Railway Florida land boom of the 1920s Cape Canaveral Kennedy Space Center Disney World Geography Beaches Caves Everglades ( Drainage and development ) Keys Lakes Lake Okeechobee Reef Rivers Sinkholes Springs State forests State parks Swamps Major hurricanes Florida Keys ( 1919 ) Tampa Bay ( 1921 ) Miami ( 1926 ) Okeechobee ( 1928 ) Florida Keys ( 1929 ) Treasure Coast ( 1933 ) Labor Day ( 1935 ) Dry Tortugas ( 1944 ) Homestead ( 1945 ) Fort Lauderdale ( 1947 ) South Florida ( 1948 ) 1949 Florida hurricane Easy ( 1950 ) King 1950 ) Donna ( 1960 ) Betsy ( 1965 ) Eloise ( 1975 ) Elena ( 1985 ) Andrew ( 1992 ) Opal ( 1995 ) Charley ( 2004 ) Frances ( 2004 ) Ivan ( 2004 ) Jeanne ( 2004 ) Dennis ( 2005 ) Wilma ( 2005 ) Irma ( 2017 ) Michael ( 2018 ) Society African - American Crime Cuban - American culture Miami Tampa Culture Demographics Economy Education Floridians Haitian - American culture Delray Beach Miami Indigenous peoples Everglades Politics Sports Regions Big Bend Central Florida Emerald Coast Everglades First Coast Forgotten Coast Glades Gold Coast Halifax area Heartland Keys Nature Coast North Central Florida North Florida Panhandle South Florida Southwest Florida Space Coast Suncoast Tampa Bay Area Treasure Coast Metro areas Cape Coral -- Fort Myers Crestview - Fort Walton Beach - Destin Deltona -- Daytona Beach -- Ormond Beach Gainesville Homosassa Springs Jacksonville Lakeland -- Winter Haven Miami - Fort Lauderdale - West Palm Beach Naples - Immokalee - Marco Island North Port - Sarasota - Bradenton Ocala Orlando - Kissimmee - Sanford Palm Bay - Melbourne - Titusville Panama City Pensacola - Ferry Pass - Brent Port St. Lucie Punta Gorda Sebastian - Vero Beach Sebring Tallahassee Tampa - St. Petersburg - Clearwater The Villages Largest cities Jacksonville Miami Tampa Orlando St. Petersburg Hialeah Tallahassee Port St. Lucie Fort Lauderdale West Palm Beach Cape Coral Pembroke Pines Hollywood Counties Alachua Baker Bay Bradford Brevard Broward Calhoun Charlotte Citrus Clay Collier Columbia DeSoto Dixie Duval Escambia Flagler Franklin Gadsden Gilchrist Glades Gulf Hamilton Hardee Hendry Hernando Highlands Hillsborough Holmes Indian River Jackson Jefferson Lafayette Lake Lee Leon Levy Liberty Madison Manatee Marion Martin Miami ‐ Dade Monroe Mosquito ( former county ) Nassau Okaloosa Okeechobee Orange Osceola Palm Beach Pasco Pinellas Polk Putnam Santa Rosa Sarasota Seminole St. Johns St. Lucie Sumter Suwannee Taylor Union Volusia Wakulla Walton Washington Geography of the United States States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Federal district Washington, D.C. Insular areas American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Outlying islands Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Navassa Island Wake Island Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Florida&oldid=866450981 '' Categories : Geography of Florida Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2010 Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Română Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2018, at 12 : 21 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: what body of water is located west of florida
Answer: the Gulf of Mexico