ZANU -- PF - Wikipedia ZANU -- PF This article 's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out - of - date information. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2017 ) Zimbabwe African National Union -- Patriotic Front Abbreviation ZANU -- PF First Secretary and President Emmerson Mnangagwa Second co-secretaries and Vice Presidents Constantino Chiwenga Kembo Mohadi National Chairperson Simon Khaya - Moyo Secretary General Obert Mpofu Founder ( s ) Robert Mugabe Joshua Nkomo Founded 22 December 1987 ; 30 years ago ( 1987 - 12 - 22 ) Merger of ZANU, ZAPU Headquarters ZANU -- PF Building Ideology Left - wing populism National liberation Anti-imperialism Pan-Africanism Political position Left - wing Regional affiliation Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa International affiliation None Colours Green, yellow, red, black House of Assembly 144 / 210 Senate 34 / 80 Party flag Website www.zanupf.org.zw Politics of Zimbabwe Political parties Elections The Zimbabwe African National Union -- Patriotic Front ( ZANU -- PF ) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years under Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union ( ZANU ) and then as President from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People 's Union ( ZAPU ) and retaining the name ZANU -- PF, until 2017 when he was removed as leader. At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU -- PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power - sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change -- Tsvangirai ( MDC ), but subsequently won the 2013 election and gained a two - thirds majority. On 19 November 2017, ZANU - PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. Contents 1 History 1.1 Founding 1.2 Recent electoral performance 1.3 Split of re-organised ZAPU 1.4 Post-Mugabe transition 2 Ideology 2.1 Land redistribution 3 Electoral results 3.1 President of Zimbabwe 3.2 House of Assembly 4 Congress 5 References 6 External links History Founding ZANU was founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Henry Hamadziripi, Mukudzei Midzi, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, and Leopold Takawira at the house of former Defence Minister Enos Nkala in Highfield in August 1963. The Patriotic Front ( PF ) was formed as a political and military alliance between ZAPU and ZANU during the war against white minority rule in Rhodesia ( now called Zimbabwe ). The PF included the Soviet Union - backed ZAPU, which was led by Joshua Nkomo and operated mainly from Zambia, and the Chinese - backed ZANU led by Robert Mugabe, which operated mainly from neighbouring Mozambique. Both movements contributed to their respective military forces. ZAPU 's military wing was known as the Zimbabwe People 's Revolutionary Army ( ZIPRA ) and ZANU 's guerrillas were known as the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army. The objective of the PF was to overthrow the predominantly white minority government, headed by the Prime Minister Ian Smith, through political pressure and military force. Their common goal was achieved in 1980, following the Lancaster House Agreement of December 1979, when the United Kingdom granted independence to Zimbabwe following a brief period of direct British control. During the 1980 general election campaign, the PF parties competed separately as ZANU -- Patriotic Front ( ZANU -- PF ) and Patriotic Front -- ZAPU ( PF -- ZAPU ). The election was won by Mugabe and ZANU -- PF, with Nkomo and his PF -- ZAPU retaining a stronghold in the provinces of Matabeleland. In December 1981, agents of South Africa 's apartheid government bombed party headquarters, nearly killing many senior ZANU -- PF leaders, including Robert Mugabe. In December 1987, after five years of the low - level civil war known as Gukurahundi, the opposition ZAPU, led by Nkomo, was absorbed through the Unity Accord with ZANU to form an official ZANU -- PF. Recent electoral performance From 1999 - 2017, Mugabe faced a major political challenge from the opposition Movement for Democratic Change. Mugabe won 56 % at the presidential elections of 9 -- 11 March 2002. At the December 2004 five - year conference, Joice Mujuru, a Zezuru Shona like Mugabe, and whose late - husband Solomon Mujuru was the retired head of the armed forces, was elevated to the post of Vice President of the party ( the first woman to hold that office ) at the expense of contender Emmerson Mnangagwa and his supporters ; Justice Minister Patrick Chinamasa and Information Minister Jonathan Moyo. The 2005 Zimbabwe parliamentary elections were held on 31 March 2005. The party won 59.6 % of the popular vote and 78 out of 120 elected seats. Later that year, 26 November, it won 43 of 50 elected senators. The parliamentary election was disputed as being unfair. The leader of the opposition MDC party said, `` We are deeply disturbed by the fraudulent activities we have unearthed '', and various human rights groups reported that hundreds of thousands of `` ghost voters '' had appeared on the electoral roll of 5.8 million people. At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU -- PF lost its majority in parliament for the first time since independence, and held 94 seats out of the expanded 210 seats, with Sokwanele stating that this figure would have been lower had it not been for gerrymandering, electoral fraud, and widespread intimidation. At the 2008 presidential election, Morgan Tsvangirai, the MDC candidate, received the most votes, but did not gain an absolute majority ; thus a runoff was necessary. Initial results led to MDC - T claiming the required majority. However, ballots were recounted at a National Command Centre over a period of over a month without the presence of independent observers. The election process that followed was marred by more violence against and intimidation of voters and party workers. Morgan Tsvangirai initially stated he intended to contest the second round but pulled out of the runoff saying a free and fair election was impossible in the current climate. The elections were held on 27 June with a single candidate, Robert Mugabe, who was re-elected. Many blame ZANU -- PF for neglecting to deal with Zimbabwe 's problem with the mounting 2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak, which by the start of December 2008 had already killed between 500 and 3,000 people. Former President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki facilitated, under the auspices of Southern African Development Community ( SADC ), a Zimbabwean Government of Power - Sharing between ZANU -- PF, the Movement for Democratic Change -- Tsvangirai and the Movement for Democratic Change -- Mutambara. Split of re-organised ZAPU Delegates from Zimbabwe and ZANU - PF Youth League dance at the ending of the World Festival of Youth and Students in Johannesburg 2010. In November 2008, a group of former ZAPU members, most of them hailing from Bulawayo in Matabeleland, left ZANU -- PF and re-established the ZAPU party stating five motives : Former ZAPU members and Ndebele being left out in the discussions between the two Movement for Democratic Change formations and ZANU -- PF. Unhappiness with the sacking of Dumiso Dabengwa from the Politburo because he supported Simba Makoni at the 2008 presidential election. Lack of development in Bulawayo province, including the lack of progress on the Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project. Former ZIPRA personnel not considered for burial at Heroes ' Acre ; The issue of succession. Post-mugabe transition In 2014, a battle between Vice President Joice Mujuru and Justice Minister Emmerson Mnangagwa, and possibly First Lady Grace Mugabe, began over the succession to President Robert Mugabe. An elective congress was scheduled for December 2014, in which ZANU -- PF would elect members to fill vacancies in the central committee, politburo, and presidium, and most likely endorse the party 's next candidate for president. This congress, which takes place every five years, is the most important elective organ for the party. Although President Mugabe had not named a successor, Joice Mujuru was seen by many as the most likely candidate. She had support from both the politburo and the population at large ( demonstrated by the election of her loyalists to the youth league ). Minister Emmerson Mnangagwa was supported by a smaller group composed mainly of senior members of the security establishment, part of ZANU -- PF 's parliamentary caucus, younger party members, and a few influential parts of the Zimbabwean business community. He had been with Mugabe since Zimbabwe gained independence and was regarded by many as a successor who could maintain stability after Mugabe eventually left office. Mujuru lost the succession battle with Mnangagwa after being expelled from the party in 2015 a new power struggle began between Mnangagwa 's faction ( known as Team Lacoste ) and Grace Mugabe 's faction ( known as Generation 40 or G40 ) which had become violent by 2017. Emmerson Mnangagwa was demoted from Minister of Justice following a cabinet reshuffle, soon after he publicly claimed that he was poisoned, in early - October 2017. On 15 November 2017, a military coup in Zimbabwe resulted in President Robert Mugabe being placed under house arrest and led to speculation over whether Grace Mugabe or Emmerson Mnangagwa would succeed him as leader of the party. Following the 2017 Zimbabwe coup, ZANU - PF voted to depose Robert Mugabe as party leader and install the banished Emmerson Mnangagwa as leader instead. Before the Zimbabwean parliament could vote to impeach Mugabe, he resigned from the presidency on 21 November 2017. Mnangagwa was sworn in as the new President of the Republic of Zimbabwe on 24 November 2017. Ideology Officially, ZANU -- PF has a socially democratic ideology. The party maintains a Politburo and a Central Committee. However, the party 's ideology may be changing as Mnangagwa said that `` all foreign investments will be safe in Zimbabwe '' and calls for `` increased production and capacity and new investment in the country. '' Land redistribution Main article : Land reform in Zimbabwe Mugabe pursued a more left - wing populist policy on the issue of land redistribution in 2000s, encouraging seizure of commercial farms -- usually owned by Zimbabwe 's white minority -- `` for the benefit of landless black peasants. '' The inauguration speech of President Mnangagwa threw this program 's support into question since he said that the `` government is committed to work on a compensation plan for former land owners. '' The compulsory acquisition of commercial farmland without compensation was discontinued in early 2018. Electoral results President of Zimbabwe Year Candidate First Round Second Round Result Popular Vote Percentage Popular Vote Percentage 1990 Robert Mugabe 2,026,976 83.1 Won Robert Mugabe 1,404,501 92.8 Won 2002 Robert Mugabe 1,685,212 56.2 Won 2008 Robert Mugabe 1,079,730 43.2 2,150,269 85.5 Won 2013 Robert Mugabe 2,110,434 61.1 Won 2018 Emmerson Mnangagwa 2,460,463 50.8 Won House of Assembly Year Popular Vote Percentage Seats Government 1980 1,668,992 63.0 % ( Common roll ) 57 / 100 ZANU 1985 2,233,320 77.2 % 64 / 100 ZANU - PF 1990 1,690,071 80.5 % 117 / 120 ZANU - PF 1995 1,143,349 81.4 % 118 / 120 ZANU - PF 2000 1,211,284 48.6 % 62 / 120 ZANU - PF 2005 1,569,867 59.6 % 78 / 120 ZANU - PF 2008 1,110,649 45.9 % 99 / 210 MDC - T -- ZANU - PF 2013 2,116,116 62.4 % 196 / 270 ZANU - PF 2018 TBA TBA 145 / 270 ZANU - PF Congress 1st National People 's Congress ( December 1990 ) 2nd National People 's Congress ( December 1995 ) 3rd National People 's Congress ( December 2000 ) 4th National People 's Congress ( December 2004 ) 5th National People 's Congress ( December 2009 ) 6th National People 's Congress ( December 2014 ) 7th National People 's Congress ( 12 -- 17 December 2017 ) References Jump up ^ Drinkwater, Michael ( 1991 ). The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe 's Communal Areas. Basingstoke : Palgrave - Macmillan. pp. 93 -- 96. ISBN 978 - 0312053505. Jump up ^ Speech By The First Secretary at the ZANU PF EXTRA ORDINARY CONGRESS, accessed Jan 14, 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` What is ZANU - PF ''. ZANU - PF. Retrieved 9 June 2018. Jump up ^ Breaking News - President Mugabe resigns !, accessed Jan 14, 2018. Jump up ^ Sibanda, Eliakim ( 2005 ). The Zimbabwe African People 's Union 1961 -- 87 : A Political History of Insurgency in Southern Rhodesia. Africa World Press. p. 321. ISBN 1 - 59221 - 275 - 1. ^ Jump up to : Martin, D & Johnson, P. ( 1981 ). The Struggle for Zimbabwe. Faber & Faber. p. 400. Jump up ^ Karekwaivanane, George Hamandishe ( 2017 - 11 - 30 ). The Struggle over State Power in Zimbabwe : Law and Politics since 1950. Cambridge University Press. p. 192. ISBN 9781108117692. Jump up ^ `` '' Zimbabwean political flags '' at FOTW ``. Jump up ^ `` Mutasa blasts Mnangagwa ''. The Standard ( Zimbabwe ). 5 May 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Jump up ^ Mugabe 's party sweeps to victory. BBC News. Jump up ^ `` Mugabe 's Zanu - PF loses majority ''. BBC News. 3 April 2008. Jump up ^ `` Zimbabwe cholera death toll nears 500 ''. CNN. 2 December 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008. Jump up ^ `` Dabengwa speaks on Zapu 's future, alliances ''. Bulawayo24 News. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` We must all resign in December, says Mugabe ''. NewsdzeZimbabwe. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014. Jump up ^ `` Zimbabwe waiing for the future '' ( PDF ). www.crisisgroup.org. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014. Jump up ^ `` Zimbabwe ruling party expels Mugabe rival Joyce Mujuru ''. Bbc.com. 3 April 2015. Jump up ^ Jeffrey Muvundusi and Tendai Kamhungira ( 23 May 2017 ). `` Mugabe 's Zanu PF brawls : Wheels come off ''. Zimbabwe Situation. DailyNews Live. Retrieved 24 May 2017. Jump up ^ `` Ruling party sacks Mugabe as leader ''. BBC News. Retrieved 19 November 2017. Jump up ^ Cde ED Mnangagwa Sworn in as the new President of the Republic of Zimbabwe, accessed Jan 14, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Zanu - PF official site ''. Zanupf.org.zw. Retrieved 27 November 2017. ^ Jump up to : President E.D Mnangagwa Inauguration Speech, Accessed Jan 14, 2018. Jump up ^ POLITBURO MEETING HELD ON THE 10TH OF JANUARY 2018. Jump up ^ `` Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews ''. TIME.com. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 27 November 2017. Jump up ^ `` Mugabe 's land reform costs Zimbabwe $17 billion : economists ''. News 24. Cape Town. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018. External links ZANU -- PF official website Politics of Zimbabwe Major parties Zimbabwe African National Union -- Patriotic Front ( ZANU -- PF ) Movement for Democratic Change -- Tsvangirai ( MDC -- T ) Movement for Democratic Change -- Ncube ( MDC -- N ) Minor parties Liberal Democrats National Alliance for Good Governance ( NAGG ) Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland ( PUMA ) United People 's Party ( UPP ) United Parties Zimbabwe African National Union -- Ndonga ( ZANU -- Ndonga ) Zimbabwe African People 's Union ( ZAPU ) Zimbabwe African People 's Union -- Federal Party ( ZAPU -- FP ) Zimbabwe Development Party ( ZDP ) Zimbabwe People 's Democratic Party Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance ( ZYA ) Defunct Zimbabwean parties Zimbabwe African National Union ( ZANU ) Republican Front ( RF ) Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe ( CAZ ) United African National Council ( UANC ) Zimbabwe Unity Movement ( ZUM ) Zimbabwe United People 's Organisation ( ZUPO ) Defunct Rhodesian parties Central Africa Party Centre Party Confederate Party Dominion Party Federal Party Responsible Government Association ( RGA ) Rhodesian Action Party ( RAP ) Rhodesian Front ( RF ) Rhodesia Labour Party ( RLP ) Southern Rhodesia African National Congress ( SRANC ) Southern Rhodesia Communist Party ( SRCP ) Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party ( SRLP ) United Federal Party ( UFP ) United National Federal Party ( UNFP ) United Rhodesia Party Presidents Emmerson Mnangagwa ( ZANU -- PF ) Robert Mugabe ( ZANU -- PF ) Canaan Banana Prime Minister ( 2008 - 2013 ) Morgan Tsvangirai ( MDC -- T ) Key people Abel Muzorewa ( UANC ) Ndabaningi Sithole ( ZANU, ZANU -- Ndonga ) Joshua Nkomo ( ZAPU, PF ) Welshman Ncube ( MDC -- N ) Arthur Mutambara ( MDC -- M ) Ian Smith ( RF ) Armed factions ZANLA ( ZANU, ZANU -- PF ) ZIPRA ( ZAPU ) FROLIZI Politics Parties by country Parties in Zimbabwe Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa ANC CCM FRELIMO MPLA SWAPO ZANU -- PF Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZANU -- PF&oldid = 854623348 '' Categories : ZANU -- PF African and Black nationalist parties in Africa Left - wing parties Nationalist parties in Africa Political parties in Zimbabwe Hidden categories : Use South African English from December 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in South African English Use dmy dates from November 2017 Articles with obsolete information from November 2017 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Pages using deprecated image syntax Library of Congress Africa Collection related Talk Contents About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Čeština ChiShona Deutsch Español فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt 中文 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 17 : 56 ( UTC ). 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Question: what is z a n u p f
Answer: Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front