Social work - wikipedia Social work Social work A military social worker counseling a soldier Occupation Names Social worker Activity sectors Social welfare, social services, government, health, public health, mental health, non-profit, law Description Competencies Improving the social environment and well - being of people by facilitating, and developing resources Education required Bachelor of Social Work ( BSW ) for general practice ; Master of Social Work ( MSW ) for advanced or specialized practice ; registration and licensing differs depending on region Fields of employment Child and women protection services, non-profit organizations, government agencies, disadvantaged groups centers, hospitals, schools, shelters, community agencies, social planning, think tanks, correctional services Social work is an academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with individuals, families, groups and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning and overall well - being. Social functioning refers to the way in which people perform their social roles, and the structural institutions that are provided to sustain them. Social work applies social sciences, such as sociology, psychology, political science, public health, community development, law, and economics, to engage with client systems, conduct assessments, and develop interventions to solve social and personal problems ; and create social change. Social work practice is often divided into micro-work, which involves working directly with individuals or small groups ; and macro-work, which involves working communities, and within social policy, to create change on a larger scale. Social work developed in the 19th century, with roots in voluntary philanthropy and grassroots organizing. However, the act of responding to social needs have existed long before then, primarily from private charities, and religious organizations. The effects of the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression, placed pressure on social work to be a more defined discipline. Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 Transtheoretical models 4 Profession 5 Qualifications 5.1 Professional associations 5.2 Trade unions representing social workers 6 Social workers in literature 6.1 Fictional social workers in media 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Definition Social work is a broad profession that intersects with several disciplines. Social work organizations offer the following definitions. `` Social work is a practice - based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. '' International Federation of Social Workers `` Social work is a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well - being. It aims to help people develop their skills and their ability to use their own resources and those of the community to resolve problems. Social work is concerned with individual and personal problems but also with broader social issues such as poverty, unemployment, and domestic violence. '' - Canadian Association of Social Workers Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends : helping people obtain tangible services ; counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families, and groups ; helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services ; and participating in legislative processes. The practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior ; of social and economic, and cultural institutions ; and of the interaction of all these factors. `` - National Association of Social Workers `` Social workers work with individuals and families to help improve outcomes in their lives. This may be helping to protect vulnerable people from harm or abuse or supporting people to live independently. Social workers support people, act as advocates and direct people to the services they may require. Social workers often work in multi-disciplinary teams alongside health and education professionals. '' - British Association of Social Workers History Main article : History of social work A Marylebone slum in the 19th century. The practice and profession of social work has a relatively modern and scientific origin, and is generally considered to have developed out of three strands. The first was individual casework, a strategy pioneered by the Charity Organization Society in the mid-19th century, which was founded by Helen Bosanquet and Octavia Hill in London, England. Most historians identify COS as the pioneering organization of the social theory that led to the emergence of social work as a professional occupation. COS had its main focus on individual casework. The second was social administration, which included various forms of poverty relief -- ' relief of paupers '. Statewide poverty relief could be said to have its roots in the English Poor Laws of the 17th century, but was first systematized through the efforts of the Charity Organization Society. The third consisted of social action -- rather than engaging in the resolution of immediate individual requirements, the emphasis was placed on political action working through the community and the group to improve their social conditions and thereby alleviate poverty. This approach was developed originally by the Settlement House Movement. This was accompanied by a less easily defined movement ; the development of institutions to deal with the entire range of social problems. All had their most rapid growth during the nineteenth century, and laid the foundation basis for modern social work, both in theory and in practice. Professional social work originated in 19th century England, and had its roots in the social and economic upheaval wrought by the Industrial Revolution, in particular the societal struggle to deal with the resultant mass urban - based poverty and its related problems. Because poverty was the main focus of early social work, it was intricately linked with the idea of charity work. Other important historical figures that shaped the growth of the social work profession are Jane Addams, who founded the Hull House in Chicago and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 ; Mary Ellen Richmond, who wrote Social Diagnosis, one of the first social work books to incorporate law, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, and history ; and William Beveridge, who created the social welfare state, framing the debate on social work within the context of social welfare prevision. Transtheoretical models Social work is an interdisciplinary profession, meaning it draws from a number of areas, such as ( but not limited to ) psychology, sociology, politics, criminology, economics, ecology, education, health, law, philosophy, anthropology, and counseling, including psychotherapy. Field work is a distinctive attribution to social work pedagogy. This equips the trainee in understanding the theories and models within the field of work. Professional practitioners from multicultural aspects have their roots in this social work immersion engagements from the early 19th century in the western countries. As an example, here are some of the models and theories used within social work practice : Empathy Social case work Social group work Community organization Behavioral School social worker Leadership and management Crisis intervention Mental health Cognitive - behavioral Critical Radical Social insurance Ecological Equity theory Financial social work Motivational interviewing Medical social work Person - centered therapy Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic Existential Humanistic Sociotherapy Brief psychotherapy or solution - focused approach Recovery approach Reflexivity Social exchange Welfare economics Anti-oppressive practice Psychosocial rehabilitation Cognitive behavioral therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Systems theory Strength - based practice Task - centered Family therapy Advocacy Prevention science Project management Program evaluation and performance measurement Systems thinking Community development and intervention Positive psychology Social actions Profession Abraham Flexner in a 1915 lecture, `` Is Social Work a Profession ? '', delivered at the National Conference on Charities and Corrections, examined the characteristics of a profession with reference to social work. It is not a ' single model ', such as that of health, followed by medical professions such as nurses and doctors, but an integrated profession, and the likeness with medical profession is that social work requires a continued study for professional development to retain knowledge and skills that are evidence - based by practice standards. A social work professional 's services lead toward the aim of providing beneficial services to individuals, dyads, families, groups, organizations and communities to achieve optimum psychosocial functioning. Its seven core functions are described by Popple and Leighninger as : Engagement -- the social worker must first engage the client in early meetings to promote a collaborative relationship Assessment -- data must be gathered that will guide and direct a plan of action to help the client Planning -- negotiate and formulate an action plan Implementation -- promote resource acquisition and enhance role performance Monitoring / Evaluation -- on - going documentation through short - term goal attainment of extent to which client is following through Supportive Counseling -- affirming, challenging, encouraging, informing, and exploring options Graduated Disengagement -- seeking to replace the social worker with a naturally occurring resource Six other core values identified by the National Association of Social Workers ' ( NASW ) Code of Ethics are : Service -- help people in need and address social problems Social Justice -- challenge social injustices Respect the dignity and worth of the person Give importance to human relationships Integrity -- behave in a trustworthy manner Competence -- practice within the areas of one 's areas of expertise and develop and enhance professional skill A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession 's focus on individual well - being in a social context and the well - being of society. Social workers promote social justice and social change with and on behalf of clients. The term `` client '' is used to refer to individuals, families, groups, organizations, or communities. In the broadening scope of the modern social worker 's role, some practitioners have in recent years traveled to war - torn countries to provide psychosocial assistance to families and survivors. Newer areas of social work practice involve management science. The growth of `` social work administration '' for transforming social policies into services and directing activities of an organization toward achievement of goals is a related field. Helping clients with accessing benefits such as unemployment insurance and disability benefits, to assist individuals and families in building savings and acquiring assets to improve their financial security over the long - term, etc requires social workers to know financial management skills to help others to be financially self - sufficient. Financial social work helps clients with low - income or low to middle - income, people who are either unbanked ( do not have a banking account ) or underbanked ( individuals who have a bank account but tend to rely on high cost non-bank providers for their financial transactions ), with better mediation with financial institutions and induction of money management skills. Another area that social workers are focusing is risk management, risk in social work is taken as Knight in 1921 defined `` If you do n't even know for sure what will happen, but you know the odds, that is risk and If you do n't even know the odds, that is uncertainty. '' Risk management in social work means minimising the risks while increasing potential benefits for clients by analysing the risks and benefits in duty of care or in decisions. In the United States, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ( SAMHSA ), a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, professional social workers are the largest group of mental health services providers. There are more clinically trained social workers -- over 200,000 -- than psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined. Federal law and the National Institutes of Health recognize social work as one of five core mental health professions. Examples of fields a social worker may be employed in are poverty relief, life skills education, community development, rural development, forensics and corrections, legislation, industrial relations, project management, child protection, elder protection, women 's rights, human rights, systems optimization, finance, addictions rehabilitation, child development, cross-cultural mediation, occupational safety and health, disaster management, mental health, psychosocial therapy, disabilities, etc. Qualifications Social Work training begins in a structured manner at higher educational institutions ( universities and colleges ), coupled with or followed by practical internships and externships. The education of social workers begins with a bachelor 's degree ( BA, BSc, BSSW, BSW, etc. ) or diploma in social work or a Bachelor of Social Services. Some countries offer postgraduate degrees in social work, such as a master 's degree ( MSW, MSSW, MSS, MSSA, MA, MSc, MRes, MPhil. ) or doctoral studies ( PhD and DSW ( Doctor of Social Work ) ). Increasingly, graduates of social work programs pursue post-masters and post-doctoral study, including training in psychotherapy. In the United States, social work undergraduate and master 's programs are accredited by the Council on Social Work Education. A CSWE - accredited degree is required for one to become a state - licensed social worker. In 1898, the New York Charity Organization Society, which was the Columbia University School of Social Work 's earliest entity, began offering formal `` social philanthropy '' courses, marking both the beginning date for social work education in the United States, as well as the launching of professional social work. A number of countries and jurisdictions require registration or licensure of people working as social workers, and there are mandated qualifications. In other places, a professional association sets academic requirements for admission to the profession. The success of these professional bodies ' efforts is demonstrated in that these same requirements are recognized by employers as necessary for employment. Professional associations Social workers have a number of professional associations that provide ethical guidance and other forms of support for their members and for social work in general. These associations may be international, continental, semi-continental, national, or regional. The main international associations are the International Federation of Social Workers ( IFSW ) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work ( IASSW ). The largest professional social work association in the United States is the National Association of Social Workers. There also exist organizations that represent clinical social workers such as The American Association of Psychoanalysis in Clinical Social Work. AAPCSW is a national organization representing social workers who practice psychoanalytic social work and psychonalysis. There are also a number of states with Clinical Social Work Societies which represent all social workers who conduct psychotherapy from a variety of theoretical frameworks with families, groups and individuals. The Association for Community Organization and Social Administration ( ACOSA ) is a professional organization for social workers who practice within the community organizing, policy, and political spheres. In the UK, the professional association is the British Association of Social Workers ( BASW ) with just over 18,000 members ( as of August 2015 ). The Code of Ethics of the US - based National Association of Social Workers provides a code for daily conduct and a set of principles rooted in 6 core values : service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Trade unions representing social Workers In the United Kingdom, just over half of social workers are employed by local authorities, and many of these are represented by UNISON, the public sector employee union. Smaller numbers are members of the Unite the Union and the GMB ( trade union ). The British Union of Social Work Employees ( BUSWE ) has been a section of the Community ( trade union ) since 2008. While at that stage not a union, the British Association of Social Workers operated a professional advice and representation service from the early 1990s. Social Work qualified staff who are also experienced in employment law and industrial relations provide the kind of representation you would expect from a trade union in the event of grievance, discipline or conduct matters specifically in respect of professional conduct or practice. However, this service depended on the good will of employers to allow the representatives to be present at these meetings, as only trade unions have the legal right and entitlement of representation in the workplace. By 2011 several councils had realized that they did not have to permit BASW access, and those that were challenged by skilled professional representation of their staff were withdrawing permission. For this reason BASW once again took up trade union status by forming its arms length trade union section, SWU ( Social Workers Union ). This gives legal right to represent its members whether the employer or Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) recognizes SWU or not. At 2015 the TUC was still resisting SWU application for admission to congress membership and while most employers are not making formal statements of recognition until such a time as the TUC may change its policy, they are all legally required to permit SWU ( BASW ) representation at internal discipline hearings etc. Social Workers in literature In 2011, a critic stated that `` novels about social work are rare, '' and as recently as 2004, another critic claimed to have difficulty finding novels featuring a main character holding a Master of Social Work degree. However, social workers have been the subject of many novels, including : Bohjalian, Chris ( 2007 ). The double bind : a novel ( 1st ed. ). New York : Shaye Areheart Books. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4000 - 4746 - 8. Cooper, Philip ( 2013 ). Social work man. Leicester : Matador. ISBN 978 - 1 - 78088 - 508 - 7. Barrington, Freya ( 2015 ). Known to Social Services ( 1st ed. ). USA : FARAXA Publishing. ISBN 9789995782870. Desai, Kishwar ( 2010 ). Witness the night. London : Beautiful Books. ISBN 978 - 1 - 905636 - 85 - 3. Fadiman, Anne ( 1997 ). The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down : A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978 - 0 - 37453 - 340 - 3. Irish, Lola ( 1993 ). Streets of dust : a novel based on the life of Caroline Chisholm. Kirribilli, N.S.W : Eldorado. ISBN 1 - 86412 - 001 - 0. Greenlee, Sam ( 1990 ) ( 1969 ). The spook who sat by the door : a novel. African American life. Detroit : Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0 - 8143 - 2246 - 8. Konrád, György ( 1987 ). The case worker. Writers from the other Europe. New York, N.Y., U.S.A : Penguin Books. ISBN 0 - 14 - 009946 - 8. Henderson, Smith ( 2014 ). Fourth of July Creek : A Novel. ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 228644 - 4. Johnson, Greg ( 2011 ). A very famous social worker. Bloomington, IN : iUniverse Inc. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4502 - 8548 - 3. Johnson, Kristin ( 2012 ). Unprotected : a novel. St. Butt, MN : North Star Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 87839 - 589 - 7. Kalpakian, Laura ( 1992 ). Graced land ( 1st ed. ). New York : Grove Weidenfeld. ISBN 0 - 8021 - 1474 - 1. Lewis, Sinclair ( 1933 ). Ann Vickers ( First ed. ). Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday, Doran & Company. OCLC 288770. Mengestu, Dinaw ( 2014 ). All our names ( First ed. ). New York : Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978 - 0 - 385 - 34998 - 7. Sapphire ( 1996 ). Push : a novel ( 1st ed. ). New York : Alfred A. Knopf ; Random House. ISBN 0 - 679 - 44626 - 5. The basis of the movie Precious. Smith, Ali ( 2011 ) There But For The, Hamish Hamilton, Pantheon. Ungar, Michael ( 2011 ). The social worker : a novel. Lawrencetown, N.S : Pottersfield Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 897426 - 26 - 5. Weinbren, Martin ( 2010 ). King Welfare. Bakewell : Peakpublish. ISBN 978 - 1 - 907219 - 18 - 4. Fictional social workers in media Name Portrayed by Title Year Ann Vickers Irene Dunne Ann Vickers 1933 Neil Brock George C. Scott East Side / West Side 1963 Edith Keeler Joan Collins Star Trek : The Original Series - The City on the Edge of Forever 1967 Germain Cazeneuve Jean Gabin Two Men in Town 1973 Ann Gentry Anjanette Comer The Baby 1973 Dwight Mercer Mykelti Williamson Free Willy 1993 Mrs. Sellner Anne Haney Mrs. Doubtfire 1993 Mary Bell Angelina Jolie Pushing Tin 1999 Dr. Sonia Wick Vanessa Redgrave Girl, Interrupted 1999 Raquel Leonor Watling Raquel busca su sitio 2000 Cobra Bubbles Ving Rhames Lilo & Stitch 2002 Clare Barker Sally Phillips Clare in the Community Toby Flenderson Paul Lieberstein The Office 2005 Pankaj Pankaj Kumar Singh Smile Pinki 2008 Emily Jenkins Renée Zellweger Case 39 2009 Ms. Weiss Mariah Carey Precious 2009 Meera Bhama Janapriyan 2011 Sam Healy Michael Harney Orange Is the New Black 2013 Paul Spector Jamie Dornan The Fall ( TV series ) 2013 David Mailer Patrick Gilmore Travelers 2016 See also Social welfare and social work portal Addiction medicine Approved mental health professional Child welfare Community development Critical social work Development studies Education in social work Forensic social work Gerontology Humanistic social work Human resource management International Social Work Mental health professional Recreational therapy Right to an adequate standard of living Social development Social planning Social psychology Social research Social Scientist Social work with groups Urban development Welfare References Jump up ^ `` What is Social Work ? Canadian Association of Social Workers ''. www.casw-acts.ca. Retrieved July 17, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Global Definition of Social Work International Federation of Social Workers ''. ifsw.org. Retrieved July 17, 2017. Jump up ^ `` CASW Social Work Scope of Practice Canadian Association of Social Workers ''. www.casw-acts.ca. Retrieved July 17, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Charity Organization Societies : 1877 - 1893 - Social Welfare History Project ''. Social Welfare History Project. February 4, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2017. Jump up ^ Social Work Profession. Encyclopedia of Social Work. 20. Summer 2017. Jump up ^ `` Global Definition of Social Work International Federation of Social Workers ''. ifsw.org. Retrieved July 19, 2017. Jump up ^ `` What is Social Work ? Canadian Association of Social Workers ''. www.casw-acts.ca. Retrieved July 19, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Practice - NASW ''. www.naswdc.org. Archived from the original on May 31, 2002. Retrieved July 19, 2017. 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Jump up ^ Popple & Leighninger, 2011 Jump up ^ `` Code of Ethics ( English and Spanish ) -- National Association of Social Workers ''. socialworkers.org. Archived from the original on 2002 - 06 - 06. Jump up ^ Crisp, B.R. ; Beddoe, L. ( December 2012 ). Promoting Health and Well - being in Social Work Education. Routledge. Jump up ^ Stefaroi, Petru ( December 2014 ). Humane & Spiritual Qualities of the Professional in Humanistic Social Work : Humanistic Social Work -- The Third Way in Theory and Practice. Charleston : Createspace. Jump up ^ NASW, Code of Ethics Jump up ^ Keough, Mary Ellen ; Samuels, Margaret F. ( October 2004 ). `` The Kosovo Family Support Project : Offering Psychosocial Support for Families with Missing Persons ''. Social Work. 49 ( 4 ) : 587 -- 594. doi : 10.1093 / sw / 49.4. 587. Jump up ^ Murali D. Nair ; Erick G. Guerrero ( January 1, 2014 ). Evidence Based Macro Practice in Social Work. Gregory Publishing Company. ISBN 978 - 0 - 911541 - 94 - 6. Jump up ^ Rex A. Skidmore ( 1995 ). Social Work Administration : Dynamic Management and Human Relationships. Allyn and Bacon. pp. 2 -- 3. ISBN 978 - 0 - 13 - 669037 - 5. Jump up ^ Birkenmaier, J. & Curley, J. ( 2009 ). `` Financial credit : Social work 's role in empowering low - income families ''. Journal of Community Practice. 17 ( 3 ) : 251 -- 268. doi : 10.1080 / 10705420903117973. Jump up ^ Despard, M. & Chowa, G.A.N. ( 2010 ). `` Social workers ' interest in building individuals ' financial capabilities ''. Journal of Financial Therapy. 1 ( 1 ) : 23 -- 41. doi : 10.4148 / jft. v1i1. 257. Jump up ^ Sherraden, M. ; Laux, S. & Kaufman, C. ( 2007 ). `` Financial education for social workers ''. Journal of Community Practice. 15 ( 3 ) : 9 -- 36. doi : 10.1300 / J125v15n03_02. Jump up ^ Romich, J. ; Simmelink, J. ; Holt, S.D. ( 2007 ). `` When working harder does not pay : Low - income working families, tax liabilities, and benefit reductions '' ( PDF ). Families in Society. 88 ( 3 ) : 418 -- 426. doi : 10.1606 / 1044 - 3894.3651. Jump up ^ Barr, M.S. ( 2004 ). Banking the poor : Policies to bring low - income Americans into the financial mainstream. Washington, D.C. : Brookings Institution. Jump up ^ Phyllida Parsole. Risk assessment in social care and social work. 2001. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.pg. 17 + Jump up ^ `` National Association of Social Workers ''. NASW. Retrieved September 6, 2013. Jump up ^ Feldman, Ronald A. ; Kamerman, Sheila B. ( 2001 ). The Columbia University School of Social Work : A Centennial Celebration. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231122825. Jump up ^ The National Association of Social Workers ( NASW, 2005 ). NASW Fact Sheet. Retrieved November 15, 2006 from http://www.socialworkers.org. Jump up ^ `` Catholic Social Workers National Association ''. Jump up ^ `` The Association for Community Organization and Social Administration ''. www.acosa.org. Retrieved October 30, 2015. Jump up ^ NASW Delegate Assembly ( 1996 ). `` Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers ''. National Association of Social Workers. 2017 revision -- via socialworkers.org. Jump up ^ Siedlecki, Karen L. ; Salthouse, Timothy A. ; Oishi, Shigehiro ; Jeswani, Sheena ( 2014 - 06 - 01 ). `` The Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well - Being Across Age ''. Social Indicators Research. 117 ( 2 ) : 561 -- 576. doi : 10.1007 / s11205 - 013 - 0361 - 4. PMC 4102493. PMID 25045200. Jump up ^ Terry, Bamford ( February 25, 2015 ). A contemporary history of social work : Learning from the past. Bristol, United Kingdom : Policy Press : University of Bristol. ISBN 9781447322184. CS1 maint : Date and year ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Bounds, Joy ( January 4, 2011 ). `` Book review : King Welfare ''. Community Care. Retrieved June 5, 2014. ^ Jump up to : Marek, Kirsten ( April 4, 2004 ). `` Social Workers in Fiction ''. Blogcritics. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` THE DOUBLE BIND by Chris Bohjalian ''. Kirkus Reviews. February 1, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ Greenwell, Faye ( February 16, 2014 ). `` BOOK REVIEW : Social Work Man ''. The Westmorland Gazette. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Witness the Night by Kishwar Desai ''. Goodreads. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` The Case Worker by George Konrád ''. Goodreads. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` ' Fourth of July Creek, ' by Smith Henderson ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` A Very Famous Social Worker by Greg Johnson ''. Goodreads. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Unprotected by Kristin Lee Johnson ''. Goodreads. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ Kakutani, Michiko ( March 3, 2014 ). `` Out of Uganda, In the Midwest : Dinaw Mengestu 's ' All Our Names ' Describes Unexpected Love ''. New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Exclusive : Interview with Author Sapphire ''. Social Workers Speak. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Reviews ''. The Social Worker, a novel, by Michael Ungar. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014. Further reading Agnew, Elizabeth N. ( 2004 ). From Charity to Social Work : Mary E. Richmond and the Creation of an American Profession. Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0 - 252 - 02875 - 9. OCLC 51848398. Bodenheimer, Danna ( 2015 ). Real World Clinical Social Work : Find Your Voice and Find Your Way ( 1st ed. ). Harrisburg, PA : The New Social Worker Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 929109 - 50 - 0. Barker, Robert L. ( 2003 ). Social Work Dictionary ( 5th ed. ). Silver Spring, MD : NASW Press. ISBN 0 - 87101 - 355 - X. OCLC 52341511. Butler, Ian and Gwenda Roberts ( 2004 ). Social Work with Children and Families : Getting into Practice ( 2nd ed. ). London, England ; New York, NY : Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 1 - 4175 - 0103 - 0. OCLC 54768636. Davies, Martin ( 2002 ). The Blackwell Companion of Social Work ( 2nd ed. ). Oxford, UK ; Malden, MA : Blackwell. ISBN 0 - 631 - 22391 - 6. OCLC 49044512. Fischer, Joel and Kevin J. Corcoran ( 2007 ). Measures for Clinical Practice and Research : A Sourcebook ( 4th ed. ). Oxford, UK ; New York, NY : Oxford University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 518190 - 6. OCLC 68980742. Greene, Roberta R. ( 2008 ). Social Work with the Aged and their Families ( 3rd ed. ). New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978 - 0 - 202 - 36182 - 6. OCLC 182573540. Grinnell, Richard M. and Yvonne A Unrau ( 2008 ). Social Work Research and Evaluation : Foundations of Evidence - Based Practice ( 8th ed. ). Oxford, UK ; New York, NY : Oxford University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 530152 - 6. OCLC 82772632. Mary Carmel Ruffolo ; Brian E Perron ; Elizabeth H Voshel ( 2015 ). Direct Social Work Practice : Theories and Skills for Becoming an Evidence - Based Practitioner ( 1st ed. ). Los Angeles : SAGE Publications. ISBN 978 - 1 - 483 - 37924 - 1. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Mizrahi, Terry and Larry E. Davis ( 2008 ). Encyclopedia of Social Work ( 20th ed. ). Washington, DC ; Oxford, UK ; New York, NY : NASW Press and Oxford University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 530661 - 3. OCLC 156816850. Popple, Philip R. and Leslie Leighninger ( 2008 ). The Policy - Based Profession : An Introduction to Social Welfare Policy Analysis for Social Workers ( 4th ed. ). Boston, MA : Pearson / Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0 - 205 - 48592 - 8. OCLC 70708056. Ragg, D. Mark ( 2011 ). Developing Practice Competencies : A Foundation for Generalist Practice ( 1st ed. ). Hoboken, N.J : Wiley. ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 55170 - 7. OCLC 757394287. Reamer, Frederic G. ( 2006 ). Ethical Standards in Social Work : A Review of the NASW Code of Ethics ( 2nd ed. ). Washington, DC : NASW Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 87101 - 371 - 2. OCLC 63187493. Richardson, Virginia E. and Amanda Smith Barusch ( 2006 ). Gerontological Practice for the Twenty - First Century : A Social Work Perspective. New York, NY : Columbia University Press. ISBN 0 - 231 - 10748 - X. OCLC 60373501. Sowers, Karen M. and Catherine N. Dulmus ; et al. ( 2008 ). Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0 - 471 - 75222 - 3. OCLC 155755265. Statham, Daphne ( 2004 ). Managing Front Line Practice in Social Work. New York, NY : Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 1 - 4175 - 0127 - 8. OCLC 54768593. Thyer, Bruce A. and John S. Wodarski ( 2007 ). Social Work in Mental Health : An Evidence - Based Approach. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley. ISBN 0 - 471 - 69304 - 9. OCLC 65197928. Turner, Francis J. ( 2005 ). Canadian Encyclopedia of Social Work. Waterloo, ON : Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 0 - 88920 - 436 - 5. OCLC 57354998. Webb, Stephen ( 2006 ). Social Work in a Risk Society. London, UK : Palgrave, Macmillan. ISBN 978 - 0 - 230 - 21442 - 2. OCLC 49959266. Webb, Stephen ( 2017 ). Professional Identity and Social Work. London, UK : Routledge. ISBN 9781138234437. OCLC 49959266. Zastrow, Charles ( 2014 ). Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare : Empowering People. Belmount : Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781285176406. External links Social Work, WCIDWTM - The University of Tennessee Social Work Evaluation and Research Resources Social work and related concepts Concepts Primary Social work Secondary Anti-oppressive practice Crisis intervention Community practice Community organization Critical social work Gerontology Group development Leadership Management New Public Management Policy analysis Program evaluation Performance measurement Psychometrics Psychosocial assessment Cognitive behavioral therapy Recreational therapy Health psychology Solution focused brief therapy Strength - based practice Systems thinking Social justice Social actions Social medicine Social learning ( social pedagogy ) Types of social work Social case worker Child protection Forensic social worker Medical social worker Psychiatric social worker Rehabilitation worker School social worker Social work in the military Social group worker Social planning Welfare worker Licensed Clinical Social Worker ( LCSW ) Qualifications Qualifications for professional social work Bachelor of Social Work ( BA, BSc or BSW ) degree Socionom ( Scandinavia ) Master of Social Work degree ( MA, MSc or MSW ) Doctor of Social Work degree ( Ph. 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Question: which organization developed the standard definition of social work in the united states
Answer: the Charity Organization Society