Choi Hong Hi - Wikipedia Choi Hong Hi This is a Korean name ; the family name is Choi. General Choi Hong Hi ( 1918 - 11 - 09 ) 9 November 1918 Hwadae, Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, Japanese Korea 15 June 2002 ( 2002 - 06 - 15 ) ( aged 83 ) Pyongyang, North Korea Style Taekkyeon, Karate, Taekwondo Teacher ( s ) Han Il Dong ( Taekkyeon ), Kim Hyun Soo ( Karate ) Rank 9th dan, Grand Master, principal founder, taekwondo ( ITF ), 2nd dan karate Choi Hong Hi Hangul 최홍희 Hanja 崔 泓 熙 Revised Romanization Choe Hong - hui McCune -- Reischauer Ch'oe Honghŭi General Choi Hong Hi ( 9 November 1918 -- 15 June 2002 ) was a South Korean Army general and martial artist who is a controversial figure in the history of the Korean martial art of taekwondo. Choi is regarded by many as the `` Founder of Taekwondo '' -- most often by International Taekwon - Do Federation ( ITF ) organizations. Others, such as the South Korean World Taekwondo Federation ( WTF ) organization, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a dishonorable figure in taekwondo history, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history or through explicit statements. Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Taekwondo 4 Death 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Early life Choi was born on 9 November 1918 in Hwa Dae, Myŏngch'ŏn county, in what is now North Korea, which was then under Japanese rule. At the time, the place was named Meigawa - gun ( Myongchon - kun ), Kankyo - hokudo ( Hamgyong - Pukto ), Chosen, as part of the Empire of Japan. Choi 's father sent him to study calligraphy under Han Il Dong, who was also `` a master of Taek Kyon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting '' ( Park, 1993, p. 241 ). Choi travelled to Japan, where he studied English, mathematics, and karate. In Kyoto, he met a fellow Korean with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor and taught Choi this martial art. Choi also learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin. Just before he had left Korea, Choi apparently had a disagreement with a wrestler named Hu, and the possibility of a future confrontation inspired him to train ; in his own words, `` I would imagine that these were the techniques I would use to defend myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to carry out his promise to tear me limb from limb when I eventually returned to Korea '' ( Park, 1993, p. 242 ). Choi attained the rank of 1st dan in karate in 1939, and then 2nd dan soon after. Military career Choi had been forced to serve in the Japanese army during World War II, but was implicated in a rebellion and imprisoned, during which time he continued practicing martial arts. Following the war, in January 1946, Choi was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Korean army. From 1946 to 1951, Choi received promotions to first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted to major general in 1954. Taekwondo Choi combined elements of Taekkyeon and Karate to develop a martial art that he called `` Taekwon - Do '' ( 태권도 ; 跆拳道 ), which means `` foot, fist, art '' or `` the way of hand and foot '' and it was so named on 11 April 1955. Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan, and held an honorary 4th dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan. Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was stripped of his rank and position in the Chung Do Kwan. During the 1960s, Choi and Nam Tae Hi led the original masters of taekwondo in promoting their martial art around the world, though these would be only the first of many such endeavors. ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread of taekwondo internationally by stationing Korean taekwondo instructors around the world, and have consistently claimed that ITF - style taekwondo is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks. He was also the author of the first English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon - Do, published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965. In 1972, Choi went into exile in Canada after the South Korean government objected to his introduction of the sport into North Korea, and the South Korea government formed the WTF in 1973. He moved again in 1979 to North Korea where he was welcomed by the government and supported in his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world. He was remembered as the founder and champion of taekwondo. Death Choi died of cancer on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea. Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with various titles : `` Father of Taekwon - Do, '' `` Founder and First President of the International Taekwon - Do Federation, '' and `` Founder of Oh Do Kwan. '' Choi is survived by his wife, Choi Joon Hee ; his son, Choi Jung Hwa ; two daughters, Sunny and Meeyun ; and several grandchildren. See also List of taekwondo grandmasters Notes a. The spelling of `` taekwondo '' varies widely in English usage. The WTF and affiliated organizations typically use `` taekwondo, '' while the ITF and affiliated organizations typically use `` taekwon - do '' ( as Choi used this spelling ). In Wikipedia, the default spelling is `` taekwondo. '' This article follows this standard, but uses `` taekwon - do '' when referring specifically to the ITF or affiliated organizations ' names. b. In Park 's ( 1993 ) article, the note on Choi 's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed by a note about the outbreak of World War II, which would suggest that Choi 's 2nd dan promotion occurred no later than the early stages of that conflict ( c. 1939 -- 1940 ). References Jump up ^ International Taekwon - Do Federation Archived 10 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. ( Headquarters Korea which is officially recognised by Korean Government on 24 June 2009 ). Jump up ^ International Taekwon - Do Federation ( under Choi Jung Hwa, based in the United Kingdom ). Retrieved on 15 January 2008 ; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010. Jump up ^ International Taekwon - Do Federation ( formerly under Trân Triêu Quân ; now under acting President Pablo Trajtenberg, based in Italy ). Retrieved on 15 January 2008 ; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010. Jump up ^ International Taekwon - Do Federation Archived 23 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. ( under Chang Ung, based in Austria ). Retrieved on 28 January 2008 ; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010. Jump up ^ General Choi ( ITFNZ ) Archived 21 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 15 January 2008. Jump up ^ Present Day Taekwondo ( WTF ) Retrieved on 29 January 2008. ^ Jump up to : Son, D.S. ( 1959 ) : Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper ( 16 June 1959 ) Retrieved on 20 September 2007. ^ Jump up to : Park, S.H. ( 1993 ) : About the author. In H.H. Choi : Taekwon - Do : The Korean art of self - defence, 3rd ed. ( Vol. 1, pp. 241 -- 274 ). Mississauga : International Taekwon - Do Federation. ^ Jump up to : Goldman, A.L. ( 2002 ) : Choi Hong Hi, 83, Korean general who created Tae Kwon Do, The New York Times ( 29 June 2002 ). Retrieved on 26 December 2007. Jump up ^ `` 태권도 신문 ''. Tkdnews.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012. Jump up ^ Kim, S.J. ( 2007 ) : History of Taekwondo Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 18 September 2007. Jump up ^ Franks, A. ( 1993 ) : Taekwon - Do and imitators. In H.H. Choi : Taekwon - Do : The Korean art of self - defence, 3rd ed. ( Vol. 1, pp. 10 -- 11 ). Mississauga : International Taekwon - Do Federation. Jump up ^ The Difficult Dialogue : Communism, Nationalism, and Political Propaganda in North Korean Sport, Jung Woo Lee and Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 2009, 33 : 390 Jump up ^ Taekwondo Hall of Fame Retrieved on 12 January 2008. External links Obituary : General Choi Hong - hi Biography in Moosin Magazine, 19 January 2015. Obituary : General Choi Hong - hi in The Guardian, 9 August 2002. Obituary : General Choi Hong - Hi in The Daily Telegraph, 26 June 2002. General Choi Hong Hi at the Taekwondo Hall of Fame, including a photograph of Choi 's grave. GND : 1055774580 ISNI : 0000 0000 4773 9145 LCCN : n2006012656 VIAF : 1892245 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choi_Hong_Hi&oldid=846052015 '' Categories : 1918 births 2002 deaths Martial arts school founders Martial arts writers South Korean male taekwondo practitioners South Korean male karateka Korean military personnel International Olympic Committee members Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from September 2015 Articles containing Korean - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina 日本 語 Norsk Polski Русский Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt 中文 10 more Edit links This page was last edited on 15 June 2018, at 23 : 24 ( UTC ). 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Question: when did general choi hong hi founded taekwondo
Answer: 11 April 1955