Civil Rights Act of 1960 - wikipedia Civil Rights Act of 1960 Civil Rights Act of 1960 Long title An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States of America to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes. Acronyms ( colloquial ) CRA Enacted by the 86th United States Congress Effective May 6, 1960 Citations Public law 86 - 449 Statutes at Large 74 Stat. 86 Codification Acts amended Civil Rights Act of 1957 Titles amended 18 U.S.C. : Crimes and Criminal Procedure U.S.C. sections amended 18 U.S.C. ch. 39 § 837 18 U.S.C. ch. 49 § 1074 18 U.S.C. ch. 73 § 1509 Legislative history Introduced in the House as H.R. 8601 by Emanuel Celler ( D -- NY ) on March 10, 1960 Committee consideration by House Judiciary Passed the House on March 24, 1960 ( 311 -- 109 ) Passed the Senate on April 8, 1960 ( 71 -- 18 ) with amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on April 21, 1960 ( 288 - 95 ) Signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on May 6, 1960 Major amendments Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1991 The Civil Rights Act of 1960 ( Pub. L. 86 -- 449, 74 Stat. 89, enacted May 6, 1960 ) was a United States federal law that established federal inspection of local voter registration polls and introduced penalties for anyone who obstructed someone 's attempt to register to vote. It was designed to deal with discriminatory laws and practices in the segregated South, by which blacks and Mexican Texans had been effectively disfranchised since the late 19th and start of the 20th century. It extended the life of the Civil Rights Commission, previously limited to two years, to oversee registration and voting practices. The act was signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and served to eliminate certain loopholes left by the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Contents 1 Origins 1.1 Eisenhower 's mandate 1.2 Passage in the House of Representatives 1.3 Passage in the Senate 2 Content of the Act 2.1 Title I 2.2 Title II 2.3 Title III 2.4 Title IV 2.5 Title V 2.6 Title VI 2.7 Title VII 3 Subsequent history 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Origins By the late 1950s, the Civil Rights Movement had been pressuring Congress to enact legislation to protect the constitutional civil rights of African Americans. The first major piece of civil rights legislation passed by Congress was the Civil Rights Act of 1957. While enforcing the voting rights of African Americans set out in the Fifteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the act had several loopholes. Southern states continued to discriminate against African Americans in application of voter registration and electoral laws, in segregation of school and public facilities, and in employment. The new legislation was proposed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in his message to the 86th Congress on February 5, 1959, when he stated `` that every individual regardless of his race, religion, or national origin is entitled to the equal protection of the laws. '' Eisenhower 's mandate Eisenhower in the Oval Office Toward the end of his presidency, President Eisenhower supported civil rights legislation. In his message to Congress, he proposed seven recommendations for the protection of civil rights : Strengthen the laws that would root out threats to obstruct court orders in school desegregation cases Provide more investigative authority to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in crimes involving the destruction of schools / churches Grant Attorney General power to investigate Federal election records Provide temporary program for aid to agencies to assist changes necessary for school desegregation decisions Authorize provision of education for children of the armed forces Consider establishing a statutory Commission on Equal Job Opportunity Under Government Contracts ( later mandated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to create the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ) Extend the Civil Rights Commission an additional two years Passage in the House of Representatives The bill, H.R. 8601, began in the House of Representatives under jurisdiction of the House Judiciary Committee. The chairman of the committee, Congressman Emanuel Celler of New York, was known to be a firm supporter of the civil rights movement. The bill was easily approved by the Judiciary Committee, but the Rules Committee attacked the Judiciary Committee to prevent the bill coming to the floor of the House of Representatives. The bill was introduced to the House on March 10, 1960. The `` voter referees '' plan was part of a House amendment to the original bill to substitute Representative Robert Kastenmeier 's `` enrollment officers '' plan. After several amendments, the House of Representatives approved the bill on March 24, 1960 by a vote of 311 - 109. 179 Democrats and 132 Republicans voted Aye. 93 Democrats, 15 Republicans, and 1 Independent Democrat voted Nay. 2 Democrats and 1 Republican voted present. Passage in the Senate The Senate 's Judiciary Committee also faced attempts to dislodge the bill. Southern Democrats had long acted as a voting block to resist or reject legislation to enforce constitutional rights in the South and made it difficult for proponents of civil rights to add strengthening amendments. After amendments in the Senate, H.R. 8601 was approved by the Senate on April 8, 1960 by a vote of 71 - 18. The House of Representatives approved the Senate amendments on April 21, 1960 by a vote of 295 - 288 and the bill was signed into law by President Eisenhower on May 6, 1960. No Republican Senators voted against the Bill. Content of the Act Title I Title I which amended Chapter 17 of title 18 of the United States Code, 18 U.S.C. § 1509, outlawed obstruction of court orders. If convicted, one could be fined no more than $1,000 and / or imprisoned for no more than one year. Title II Title II outlawed fleeing a state for damaging or destroying a building or property, illegal possession or use of explosives, and threats or false threats to damage property using fire or explosives. Section 201 amended Chapter 49 of title 18 ( 18 U.S.C. § 1074 ). The amendment outlaws interstate or international movement to avoid prosecution for damaging or destroying any building or structure. The section also outlaws flight to avoid testimony in a case relating to such an offense. If convicted, one could be fined no more than $5,000 and / or imprisoned for no more than five years. Section 203 amended Chapter 39 of title 18 ( 18 U.S.C. § 837 ). The amendment dealt with the illegal use or possession of explosives. The section outlaws transportation or possession of any explosive with intent to damage a building or property. The section also makes the conveying of false information or threats to damage or destroy any building or property illegal. Title iii Title III focused on federal election records. Section 301 calls for the preservation of all election records and papers which come into an officer or custodian 's possession relating to poll tax or other act regarding voting in an election ( except Puerto Rico ). If an officer fails to comply, he / she could be fined no more than $1,000 and / or imprisoned for no more than one year. Section 302 declares that any person that intentionally alters, damages, or destroys a record shall be fined no more than $1,000 and / or imprisoned for no more than one year. Section 304 establishes that no person shall disclose any election record. Section 306 defines the term `` officer of election ''. Title IV Title IV extended the powers of the Civil Rights Commission. Section 401 of Title IV amended Section 105 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 ( 71 Stat. 635 ) declaring that `` each member of the Commission shall have the power and authority to administer oaths or take statements of witnesses under affirmation. '' Title V Title V arranged for the provision of free education for children of members of the armed forces. Title VI Title VI amended section 131 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 ( 71 Stat. 637 ) to address the issue of depriving African - Americans the right to vote. Section 601 declares that those given the legal right to vote shall not be deprived of that right on account of race or color. Any person denying that right shall `` constitute contempt of court. '' The section also states that the courts can appoint `` voting referees '' to report to the court their findings of voting infringement. The section also defines the word `` vote '' as the entire process of making a vote effective -- registration, casting a ballot, and having that ballot counted. Title VII Title VII established the separability of the act, affirming that the rest of the act shall go unaffected if one provision is found invalid. Subsequent history After the subsequent intensive acts of 1964 and 1965, the act of 1957 and the Civil Rights Act of 1960 were deemed ineffective for the firm establishment of civil rights. The later legislation had firmer ground for the enforcement and protection of a variety of civil rights, where the acts of 1957 and 1960 were largely limited to voting rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1960 dealt with race and color but omitted coverage of those discriminated against for national origin, although Eisenhower had called for it in his message to Congress. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 worked to fulfill the seven goals suggested by President Eisenhower in 1959. The two satisfied proponents of the civil rights movement to end racial discrimination and protect legal equality in the United States. See also Civil rights Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1871 Civil Rights Act of 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1968 Force Act of 1870 Force Act of 1871 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Lodge Bill Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X Reconstruction Acts Affirmative action in the United States References Jump up ^ Peters, Gerhart. `` Dwight D. Eisenhower : `` Statement by the President Upon Signing the Civil Rights Act of 1960, '' May 6, 1960 ``. Retrieved 21 January 2014. ^ Jump up to : Schwartz, Bernard ed. ( 1970 ). Statutory History of the United States. Chelsea House. pp. 933 -- 1013. ISBN 0 - 07 - 055681 - 4. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Berman, Daniel Marvin ( 1966 ). A Bill Becomes a Law : Congress Enacts Civil Rights Legislation. Macmillan. Jump up ^ `` H.R. 8601 '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2013 - 11 - 11. Jump up ^ `` H.R. 8601 ''. ^ Jump up to : `` Civil Rights Act of 1960 ''. Ashbrook Center, Ashland University. Jump up ^ `` Before the Voting Rights Act ''. Retrieved 20 March 2012. Jump up ^ Bardolph, Richard ( 1970 ). The Civil Rights Record : Black Americans and the Law, 1849 - 1970. New York : Thomas Y. Crowell Company, Inc. pp. 311, 352 -- 3, 395, 403 -- 5, 493, 495. ISBN 0 - 690 - 19448 - X. Jump up ^ Perea, Juan F. `` Ethnicity and Prejudice : Reevaluating `` National Origin '' Discrimination Under Title VII ``. William and Mary Law Review. Jump up ^ `` Civil Rights Act of 1964 '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` Voting Rights Act of 1965 '' ( PDF ). External links Resource.org Cornell.edu Cornell.edu Cornell.edu Civil rights movement Notable events ( timeline ) Prior to 1954 Murder of Harry and Harriette Moore 1954 -- 1959 Brown v. Board of Education Bolling v. Sharpe Briggs v. Elliott Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County Gebhart v. Belton White America, Inc. Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company Emmett Till Montgomery bus boycott Browder v. Gayle Tallahassee bus boycott Mansfield school desegregation 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom `` Give Us the Ballot '' Royal Ice Cream sit - in Little Rock Nine National Guard blockade Civil Rights Act of 1957 Kissing Case Biloxi wade - ins 1960 -- 1963 Greensboro sit - ins Nashville sit - ins Sit - in movement Civil Rights Act of 1960 Gomillion v. Lightfoot Boynton v. Virginia Rock Hill sit - ins Robert F. Kennedy 's Law Day Address Freedom Rides attacks Garner v. Louisiana Albany Movement University of Chicago sit - ins `` Second Emancipation Proclamation '' Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot `` Segregation now, segregation forever '' Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 1963 Birmingham campaign Letter from Birmingham Jail Children 's Crusade Birmingham riot 16th Street Baptist Church bombing John F. Kennedy 's Report to the American People on Civil Rights March on Washington `` I Have a Dream '' St. Augustine movement 1964 -- 1968 Twenty - fourth Amendment Bloody Tuesday Freedom Summer workers ' murders Civil Rights Act of 1964 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches `` How Long, Not Long '' Voting Rights Act of 1965 Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections March Against Fear White House Conference on Civil Rights Chicago Freedom Movement / Chicago open housing movement Memphis sanitation strike King assassination funeral riots Poor People 's Campaign Civil Rights Act of 1968 Green v. County School Board of New Kent County Activist groups Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights Atlanta Student Movement Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Congress of Racial Equality ( CORE ) Committee on Appeal for Human Rights Council for United Civil Rights Leadership Dallas County Voters League Deacons for Defense and Justice Georgia Council on Human Relations Highlander Folk School Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights Montgomery Improvement Association Nashville Student Movement NAACP Youth Council Northern Student Movement National Council of Negro Women National Urban League Operation Breadbasket Regional Council of Negro Leadership Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) Southern Regional Council Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC ) The Freedom Singers Wednesdays in Mississippi Women 's Political Council Activists Ralph Abernathy Victoria Gray Adams Zev Aelony Mathew Ahmann William G. Anderson Gwendolyn Armstrong Arnold Aronson Ella Baker Marion Barry Daisy Bates Harry Belafonte James Bevel Claude Black Gloria Blackwell Randolph Blackwell Unita Blackwell Ezell Blair Jr. Joanne Bland Julian Bond Joseph E. Boone William Holmes Borders Amelia Boynton Raylawni Branch Ruby Bridges Aurelia Browder H. Rap Brown Guy Carawan Stokely Carmichael Johnnie Carr James Chaney J.L. Chestnut Colia Lafayette Clark Ramsey Clark Septima Clark Xernona Clayton Eldridge Cleaver Kathleen Cleaver Charles E. Cobb Jr. Annie Lee Cooper Dorothy Cotton Claudette Colvin Vernon Dahmer Jonathan Daniels Joseph DeLaine Dave Dennis Annie Devine Patricia Stephens Due Joseph Ellwanger Charles Evers Medgar Evers Myrlie Evers - Williams Chuck Fager James Farmer Walter E. Fauntroy James Forman Marie Foster Golden Frinks Andrew Goodman Fred Gray Jack Greenberg Dick Gregory Lawrence Guyot Prathia Hall Fannie Lou Hamer William E. Harbour Vincent Harding Dorothy Height Lola Hendricks Aaron Henry Oliver Hill Donald L. Hollowell James Hood Myles Horton Zilphia Horton T.R.M. Howard Ruby Hurley Jesse Jackson Jimmie Lee Jackson Richie Jean Jackson T.J. Jemison Esau Jenkins Barbara Rose Johns Vernon Johns Frank Minis Johnson Clarence Jones J. Charles Jones Matthew Jones Vernon Jordan Tom Kahn Clyde Kennard A.D. King C.B. King Coretta Scott King Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Sr. Bernard Lafayette James Lawson Bernard Lee Sanford R. Leigh Jim Letherer Stanley Levison John Lewis Viola Liuzzo Z. Alexander Looby Joseph Lowery Clara Luper Malcolm X Mae Mallory Vivian Malone Thurgood Marshall Benjamin Mays Franklin McCain Charles McDew Ralph McGill Floyd McKissick Joseph McNeil James Meredith William Ming Jack Minnis Amzie Moore Douglas E. Moore Harriette Moore Harry T. Moore William Lewis Moore Irene Morgan Bob Moses William Moyer Elijah Muhammad Diane Nash Charles Neblett Edgar Nixon Jack O'Dell James Orange Rosa Parks James Peck Charles Person Homer Plessy Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Fay Bellamy Powell Al Raby Lincoln Ragsdale A. Philip Randolph George Raymond Jr. Bernice Johnson Reagon Cordell Reagon James Reeb Frederick D. Reese Gloria Richardson David Richmond Bernice Robinson Jo Ann Robinson Bayard Rustin Bernie Sanders Michael Schwerner Cleveland Sellers Charles Sherrod Alexander D. Shimkin Fred Shuttlesworth Modjeska Monteith Simkins Glenn E. Smiley A. Maceo Smith Kelly Miller Smith Mary Louise Smith Maxine Smith Ruby Doris Smith - Robinson Charles Kenzie Steele Hank Thomas Dorothy Tillman A.P. Tureaud Hartman Turnbow Albert Turner C.T. Vivian Wyatt Tee Walker Hollis Watkins Walter Francis White Roy Wilkins Hosea Williams Kale Williams Robert F. Williams Andrew Young Whitney Young Sammy Younge Jr. James Zwerg Influences Nonviolence Padayatra Sermon on the Mount Mahatma Gandhi Ahimsa Satyagraha The Kingdom of God Is Within You Frederick Douglass W.E.B. Du Bois Mary McLeod Bethune Related Jim Crow laws Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but equal Buchanan v. Warley Hocutt v. Wilson Sweatt v. Painter Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States Katzenbach v. McClung Loving v. Virginia Fifth Circuit Four Brown Chapel Holt Street Baptist Church Edmund Pettus Bridge March on Washington Movement African - American churches attacked Journey of Reconciliation Freedom Songs `` Kumbaya '' `` Keep Your Eyes on the Prize '' `` Oh, Freedom '' `` This Little Light of Mine '' `` We Shall Not Be Moved '' `` We Shall Overcome '' Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam `` Beyond Vietnam : A Time to Break Silence '' Watts riots Voter Education Project 1960s counterculture In popular culture King Memorial Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Freedom Riders National Monument Civil Rights Memorial Noted historians Taylor Branch Clayborne Carson John Dittmer Michael Eric Dyson Chuck Fager Adam Fairclough David Garrow David Halberstam Vincent Harding Steven F. Lawson Doug McAdam Diane McWhorter Charles M. Payne Timothy Tyson Akinyele Umoja Movement photographers Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960&oldid=836038421 '' Categories : 1960 in law Civil rights movement Anti-discrimination law in the United States United States federal civil rights legislation 1960 in the United States Anti-racism in the United States History of the United States ( 1945 -- 64 ) 86th United States Congress Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from December 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Italiano Nederlands Edit links This page was last edited on 12 April 2018, at 09 : 18. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: civil rights act of 1960 what did it do
Answer: established federal inspection of local voter registration polls and introduced penalties for anyone who obstructed someone's attempt to register to vote