Liberté, égalité, fraternité - wikipedia Liberté, égalité, fraternité `` Brotherhood of man '' redirects here. For the musical group, see Brotherhood of Man. Liberté, égalité, fraternité ( pronounced ( libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite ) ), French for `` liberty, equality, fraternity '', is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century. Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution. It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France. Contents 1 Origins during the French Revolution 2 19th century 2.1 1848 Revolution 2.2 Paris Commune and Third Republic 3 20th century 4 Other nations 5 Culture 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Origins during the French Revolution Text displayed on a placard announcing the sale of biens nationaux ( 1793 ). Soon after the Revolution, the motto was sometimes written as `` Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death ''. The `` death '' part was later dropped for being too strongly associated with the Reign of Terror. The first to express this motto was Maximilien Robespierre in his speech `` On the organization of the National Guard '' ( French : Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales ) on 5 December 1790, article XVI, and disseminated widely throughout France by the popular Societies. Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales Article XVI. On their uniforms engraved these words : FRENCH PEOPLE, & below : LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY. The same words are inscribed on flags which bear the three colors of the nation. ( French : XVI. Elles porteront sur leur poitrine ces mots gravés : LE PEUPLE FRANÇAIS, & au - dessous : LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ. Les mêmes mots seront inscrits sur leurs drapeaux, qui porteront les trois couleurs de la nation. ) -- Maximilien Robespierre, 1790 Credit for the motto has been given also to Antoine - François Momoro ( 1756 -- 94 ), a Parisian printer and Hébertist organizer, though in different context of foreign invasion and federalist revolt in 1793, it was modified to `` Unity, indivisibility of the Republic ; liberty, equality, brotherhood or death '' ( French : Unité, Indivisibilité de la République ; Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ou la mort ) and suggested by a resolution of the Paris Commune ( member of which Momoro was elected by his section du Théâtre - Français ) on 29 June 1793 to be inscribed on Parisian house - fronts and imitated by the inhabitants of other cities. In 1839, the philosopher Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation. The historian Mona Ozouf underlines that, although Liberté and Égalité were associated as a motto during the 18th century, Fraternité was n't always included in it, and other terms, such as Amitié ( Friendship ), Charité ( Charity ) or Union were often added in its place. The emphasis on Fraternité during the French Revolution led Olympe de Gouges, a female journalist, to write the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen as a response. The tripartite motto was neither a creative collection, nor really institutionalized by the French Revolution. As soon as 1789, other terms were used, such as `` la Nation, la Loi, le Roi '' ( The Nation, The Law, The King ), or `` Union, Force, Vertu '' ( Union, Strength, Virtue ), a slogan used beforehand by masonic lodges, or `` Force, Égalité, Justice '' ( Strength, Equality, Justice ), `` Liberté, Sûreté, Propriété '' ( Liberty, Security, Property ), etc. Alsatian sign, 1792 : Freiheit Gleichheit Brüderlichk. od. Tod ( Liberty Equality Fraternity or Death ) Tod den Tyranen ( Death to Tyrants ) Heil den Völkern ( Long live the Peoples ) In other words, liberté, égalité, fraternité was only one slogan among many others. During the Jacobin revolutionary period itself, various mottos were used, such as liberté, unité, égalité ( liberty, unity, equality ) ; liberté, égalité, justice ( liberty, equality, justice ) ; liberté, raison, égalité ( liberty, reason, equality ), etc. The only solid association was that of liberté and égalité, fraternité being ignored by the Cahiers de doléances as well as by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It was only alluded to in the 1791 Constitution, as well as in Robespierre 's draft Declaration of 1793, placed under the invocation of ( in that order ) égalité, liberté, sûreté and propriété ( equality, liberty, safety, property -- though it was used not as a motto, but as articles of declaration ), as the possibility of a universal extension of the Declaration of Rights : `` Men of all countries are brothers, he who oppresses one nation declares himself the enemy of all. '' Finally, it did not figure in the August 1793 Declaration. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 defined liberty in Article 4 as follows : Liberty consists of being able to do anything that does not harm others : thus, the exercise of the natural rights of every man or woman has no bounds other than those that guarantee other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights. Equality, on the other hand, was defined by the 1789 Declaration in terms of judicial equality and merit - based entry to government ( art. 6 ) : ( The law ) `` must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in its eyes, shall be equally eligible to all high offices, public positions and employments, according to their ability, and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents. '' Liberté, égalité, fraternité actually finds its origins in a May 1791 proposition by the Club des Cordeliers, following a speech on the Army by the marquis de Guichardin. A British marine held prisoner on the French ship Le Marat in 1794 wrote home in letters published in 1796 : The republican spirit is inculcated not in songs only, for in every part of the ship I find emblems purposely displayed to awaken it. All the orders relating to the discipline of the crew are hung up, and prefaced by the words Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, ou la Mort, written in capital letters. The compatibility of liberté and égalité was not doubted in the first days of the Revolution, and the problem of the antecedence of one term on the other not lifted. Thus, the Abbé Sieyès considered that only liberty ensured equality, unless the latter was to be the equality of all dominated by a despot ; while liberty followed equality ensured by the rule of law. The abstract generality of law ( theorized by Jean - Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract ) thus ensured the identification of liberty to equality, liberty being negatively defined as an independence from arbitrary rule, and equality considered abstractly in its judicial form. This identification of liberty and equality became problematic during the Jacobin period, when equality was redefined ( for instance by François - Noël Babeuf ) as equality of results, and not only judicial equality of rights. Thus, Marc Antoine Baudot considered that French temperament inclined rather to equality than liberty, a theme which would be re-used by Pierre Louis Roederer and Alexis de Tocqueville, while Jacques Necker considered that an equal society could only be found on coercion. The third term, fraternité, was the most problematic to insert in the triad, as it belonged to another sphere, that of moral obligations rather than rights, links rather than statutes, harmony rather than contract, and community rather than individuality. Various interpretations of fraternité existed. The first one, according to Mona Ozouf, was one of `` fraternité de rébellion '' ( Fraternity of Rebellion ), that is the union of the deputies in the Jeu de Paume Oath of June 1789, refusing the dissolution ordered by the King Louis XVI : `` We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations. '' Fraternity was thus issued from Liberty and oriented by a common cause. Another form of fraternité was that of the patriotic Church, which identified social link with religious link and based fraternity on Christian brotherhood. In this second sense, fraternité preceded both liberté and égalité, instead of following them as in the first sense. Thus, two senses of Fraternity : `` one, that followed liberty and equality, was the object of a free pact ; the other preceded liberty and equality as the mark on its work of the divine craftsman. '' Another hesitation concerning the compatibility of the three terms arose from the opposition between liberty and equality as individualistic values, and fraternity as the realization of a happy community, devoided of any conflicts and opposed to any form of egotism. This fusional interpretation of Fraternity opposed it to the project of individual autonomy and manifested the precedence of Fraternity on individual will. In this sense, it was sometimes associated with death, as in Fraternité, ou la Mort ! ( Fraternity or Death ! ), excluding liberty and even equality, by establishing a strong dichotomy between those who were brothers and those who were not ( in the sense of `` you are with me or against me '', brother or foe ). Louis de Saint - Just thus stigmatized Anarchasis Cloots ' cosmopolitanism, declaring `` Cloots liked the universe, except France. '' With Thermidor and the execution of Robespierre, fraternité disappeared from the slogan, reduced to the two terms of liberty and equality, re-defined again as simple judicial equality and not as the equality upheld by the sentiment of fraternity. The First Consul ( Napoleon Bonaparte ) then established the motto liberté, ordre public ( liberty, public order ). 19th century Following Napoleon 's rule, the triptych dissolved itself, as none believed possible to conciliate individual liberty and equality of rights with equality of results and fraternity. The idea of individual sovereignty and of natural rights possessed by man before being united in the collectivity contradicted the possibility of establishing a transparent and fraternal community. Liberals accepted liberty and equality, defining the latter as equality of rights and ignoring fraternity. Early Socialists rejected an independent conception of liberty, opposed to the social, and also despised equality, as they considered, as Fourier, that one had only to orchestrate individual discordances, to harmonize them, or they believed, as Saint - Simon, that equality contradicted equity by a brutal levelling of individualities. Utopian Socialism thus only cared about Fraternity, which was, in Cabet 's Icarie the sole commandment. This opposition between liberals and socialists was mirrored in rival historical interpretations of the Revolution, liberals admiring 1789, and Socialists 1793. The July Revolution of 1830, establishing a constitutional monarchy headed by Louis - Philippe, substituted ordre et liberté ( order and liberty ) to the Napoleonic motto Liberté, Ordre public. Despite this apparent disappearance of the triptych, the latter was still being thought in some underground circles, in Republican secret societies, masonic lodges such as the `` Indivisible Trinity, '' far - left booklets or during the Canuts Revolt in Lyon. In 1834, the lawyer of the Society of the Rights of Man ( Société des droits de l'homme ), Dupont, a liberal sitting in the far - left during the July Monarchy, associated the three terms together in the Revue Républicaine which he edited : Any man aspires to liberty, to equality, but he can not achieve it without the assistance of other men, without fraternity The triptych resurfaced during the 1847 Campagne des Banquets, upheld for example in Lille by Ledru - Rollin. Two interpretations had attempted to conciliate the three terms, beyond the antagonism between liberals and socialists. One was upheld by Catholic traditionalists, such as Chateaubriand or Ballanche, the other by socialist and republicans such as Pierre Leroux. Chateaubriand thus gave a Christian interpretation of the revolutionary motto, stating in the 1841 conclusion to his Mémoires d'outre - tombe : Far from being at its term, the religion of the Liberator is now only just entering its third phase, the political period, liberty, equality, fraternity Neither Chateaubriand nor Ballanche considered the three terms to be antagonistic. Rather, they took them for being the achievement of Christianity. On the other hand, Pierre Leroux did not disguise the difficulties of associating the three terms, but superated it by considering liberty as the aim, equality as the principle and fraternity as the means. Leroux thus ordered the motto as Liberty, Fraternity, Equality, an order also supported by Christian socialists, such as Buchez. Against this new order of the triptych, Michelet supported the traditional order, maintaining the primordial importance of an original individualistic right. Michelet attempted to conciliate a rational communication with a fraternal communication, `` right beyond right '', and thus the rival traditions of Socialism and Liberalism. The Republican tradition would strongly inspire itself from Michelet 's synchretism. 1848 Revolution Liberté, égalité, fraternité on French coins 5 - franc piece, 1849 20 - franc piece, 1851 With the 1848 February Revolution, the motto was officially adopted, mainly under the pressure of the people who had attempted to impose the red flag over the tricolor flag ( the 1791 red flag was, however, the symbol of martial law and of order, not of insurrection ). Lamartine opposed popular aspirations, and in exchange of the maintaining of the tricolor flag, conceded the Republican motto of Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, written on the flag, on which a red rosette was also to be added. Fraternity was then considered to resume and to contain both Liberty and Equality, being a form of civil religion ( which, far from opposing itself to Christianity, was associated with it in 1848 ) establishing social link ( as called for by Rousseau in the conclusion of the Social Contract ). However, Fraternity was not devoid of its previous sense of opposition between brothers and foes, images of blood haunting revolutionary Christian publications, taking in Lamennais ' themes. Thus, the newspaper Le Christ républicain ( The Republican Christ ) developed the idea of the Christ bringing forth peace to the poor and war to the rich. As soon as 6 January 1852, the future Napoleon III, first President of the Republic, ordered all prefects to erase the triptych from all official documents and buildings, conflated with insurrection and disorder. Auguste Comte applauded Napoleon, claiming equality to be the `` symbol of metaphysical anarchism '', and preferring to it his dyptich `` ordre et progrès '' ( `` order and progress '', which would then become the motto of Brazil, Ordem e Progresso ). On the other hand, Proudhon criticized fraternity as an empty word, which he associated with idealistic dreams of Romanticism. He preferred to it the sole term of liberty. Paris Commune and Third Republic Pache, mayor of the Paris Commune, painted the formula `` Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, ou la mort '' on the walls of the commune. It was only under the Third Republic that the motto was made official. It was then not dissociated with insurrection and revolutionary ardours, Opportunist Republicans such as Jules Ferry or Gambetta adapting it to the new political conditions. Larousse 's Dictionnaire universel deprived fraternity of its `` evangelistic halo '' ( Mona Ozouf ), conflating it with solidarity and the welfare role of the state. Some still opposed the Republican motto, such as the nationalist Charles Maurras in his Dictionnaire politique et critique, who claimed liberty to be an empty dream, equality an insanity, and only kept fraternity. Charles Péguy, renewing with Lamennais ' thought, kept fraternity and liberty, excluding equality, seen as an abstract repartition between individuals reduced to homogeneity, opposing `` fraternity '' as a sentiment put in motion by `` misery '', while equality only interested itself, according to him, to the mathematical solution of the problem of `` poverty. '' Péguy identified Christian charity and socialist solidarity in this conception of fraternity. On the other hand, Georges Vacher de Lapouge, the most important French author of pseudo-scientific racism and supporter of eugenism, completely rejected the Republican triptych, adopting another motto, `` déterminisme, inégalité, sélection '' ( determinism, inequality, selection ). But, according to Ozouf, the sole use of a triptych was the sign of the influence of the Republican motto, despite it being corrupted in its opposite. 20th century During the German occupation of France in World War II, this motto was replaced by the reactionary phrase `` travail, famille, patrie '' ( work, family, fatherland ) by Marshal Pétain, who became the leader of the new Vichy French government in 1940. Pétain had taken this motto from the colonel de la Rocque 's Parti social français ( PSF ), although the latter considered it more appropriate for a movement than for a regime. Following the Liberation, the Provisional Government of the French Republic ( GPRF ) re-established the Republican motto Liberté, égalité, fraternité, which is incorporated into both the 1946 and the 1958 French constitutions. Other nations Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of `` liberty, equality, and fraternity '' as an ideal. These words appear in the preamble to the Constitution of India, enforced in 1950. Since its founding, `` Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood '' has been the lemma of the Social Democratic Party of Denmark. In the United Kingdom the political party the Liberal Democrats refer to `` the fundamental values of liberty, equality and community '' in the preamble of the party 's Federal Constitution, and this is printed on party membership cards. Related ideals are contained in the German motto `` Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit '' ( unity and justice and freedom ), taken from the German national anthem. The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of a white equilateral triangle, symbolizing liberty, equality, and fraternity ; a horizontal blue stripe for peace, truth, and justice ; and a horizontal red stripe for patriotism and valor. In the center of the white triangle is an eight - rayed golden sun symbolizing unity, freedom, people 's democracy, and sovereignty. The idea of the slogan `` Liberty, Equality, Fraternity '' has also given an influence as natural law to the First Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Culture Tympanum of a state - owned church At one point the motto was used to mark churches which were controlled by the state, rather than the Catholic Church. Some former colonies of the French Republic ( such as Haiti, Chad, Niger, and Gabon ) have adopted similar three - word mottos. The terms are also referred to in the film trilogy Three Colors by Krzysztof Kieślowski. See also Give me liberty or give me death Life, liberty, and property Brotherhood and unity Travail, Famille, Patrie - the national motto of Vichy France Salazar 's Estado Novo 's motto Deus, Pátria e Familia ( meaning `` God, Fatherland, and Family '' ) Notes Jump up ^ French : `` Les hommes de tous les pays sont frères, celui qui opprime une seule nation se déclare l'ennemi de toutes. '' Jump up ^ French : `` Tout homme aspire à la liberté, à l'égalité, mais on ne peut y atteindre sans le secours des autres hommes, sans la fraternité. '' Jump up ^ French : `` Loin d'être à son terme, la religion du Libérateur entre à peine dans sa troisième période, la période politique, liberté, égalité, fraternité. '' References ^ Jump up to : `` Liberty, Égalité, Fraternité ''. Embassy of France in the US. Retrieved 2014 - 09 - 18. ^ Jump up to : Ozouf, Mona ( 1997 ), `` Liberté, égalité, fraternité stands for peace country and war '', in Nora, Pierre, Lieux de Mémoire ( Places of memory ) ( in French ), tome III, Quarto Gallimard, pp. 4353 -- 89 ( abridged translation, Realms of Memory, Columbia University Press, 1996 -- 98 ). Jump up ^ Robespierre, Maximilien ( 1950 ). OEUVRES DE MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE. Tome VI. PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DE FRANCE. p. 643. Retrieved 19 September 2014. Jump up ^ From Robespierre 's speech to the National Assembly on 5 December 1790. Cited in Triomphe et mort du droit naturel en Révolution, 1789 - 1795 - 1802, Florence Gauthier, éd. PUF / pratiques théoriques, 1992, p. 129 Jump up ^ Latham, Edward ( 1906 ). Famous Sayings and Their Authors. London : Swan Sonnenschein. p. 147. OCLC 4697187. Jump up ^ de Barante, Amable Guillaume P. Brugière ( 1851 ). Histoire de la Convention nationale ( History of the National convention ) ( in French ). Langlois & Leclercq. p. 322. Retrieved 31 August 2011. Jump up ^ Thacher, John Boyd ( 1905 ). Outlines of the French revolution told in autographs. Weed - Parsons Printing Co. p. 8. Retrieved 31 August 2011. Jump up ^ Ellis ; Esler, `` The Modern Era '', World History ( textbook ). Jump up ^ Tench, Watkin ( 1796 ), Letters Written in France : To a Friend in London, Between the Month of November 1794, and the Month of May 1795, London : J Johnson, p. 15. Jump up ^ `` The symbols of the Republic and Bastille Day ''. French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2006 - 04 - 20. Jump up ^ Le Christ républicain n ° 7, quoted by Mona Ozouf : `` Nous, pauvres prolétaires, nous sommes rouges, parce que le Christ a versé son sang pour nous racheter, son sang par lequel nous voulons nous régénérer. Nous sommes rouges, parce que l'ange exterminateur a marqué le haut de nos portes avec le sang de l'agneau, pour distinguer, au jour de la vengeance, les élus d'avec les réprouvés. Jump up ^ `` Bandeiras e significados '' ( Flags & meanings ), História net ( in Portuguese ), retrieved 2010 - 10 - 09. Jump up ^ `` Vichy Government ''. World History. DE : KMLA. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Federal Constitution ''. UK : Liberal Democrats. Retrieved 2011 - 08 - 22. Jump up ^ `` Article 1 '', The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberté, égalité, fraternité. Slogan of the French Republic -- Official French website ( in English ) La fraternité comme unité et cohésion de la société ) French Revolution Causes Timeline Ancien Régime Revolution Constitutional monarchy Republic Directory Consulate Glossary Significant civil and political events by year 1788 Day of the Tiles ( 7 Jun 1788 ) Assembly of Vizille ( 21 Jul 1788 ) 1789 What Is the Third Estate ? ( Jan 1789 ) Réveillon riots ( 28 Apr 1789 ) Convocation of the Estates - General ( 5 May 1789 ) National Assembly ( 17 Jun -- 9 Jul 1790 ) Tennis Court Oath ( 20 Jun 1789 ) National Constituent Assembly ( 9 Jul -- 30 Sep 1791 ) Storming of the Bastille ( 14 Jul 1789 ) Great Fear ( 20 Jul -- 5 Aug 1789 ) Abolition of Feudalism ( 4 - 11 Aug 1789 ) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( 27 Aug 1789 ) Women 's March on Versailles ( 5 Oct 1789 ) 1790 Abolition of the Parlements ( Feb -- Jul 1790 ) Abolition of the Nobility ( 19 Jun 1790 ) Civil Constitution of the Clergy ( 12 Jul 1790 ) 1791 Flight to Varennes ( 20 -- 21 Jun 1791 ) Champ de Mars Massacre ( 17 Jul 1791 ) Declaration of Pillnitz ( 27 Aug 1791 ) The Constitution of 1791 ( 3 Sep 1791 ) Legislative Assembly ( 1 Oct 1791 -- Sep 1792 ) 1792 France declares war ( 20 Apr 1792 ) Brunswick Manifesto ( 25 Jul 1792 ) Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary ( Jun 1792 ) 10th of August ( 10 Aug 1792 ) September Massacres ( Sep 1792 ) National Convention ( 20 Sep 1792 -- 26 Oct 1795 ) First republic declared ( 22 Sep 1792 ) 1793 Execution of Louis XVI ( 21 Jan 1793 ) Revolutionary Tribunal ( 9 Mar 1793 -- 31 May 1795 ) Reign of Terror ( 27 Jun 1793 -- 27 Jul 1794 ) Committee of Public Safety Committee of General Security Fall of the Girondists ( 2 Jun 1793 ) Assassination of Marat ( 13 Jul 1793 ) Levée en masse ( 23 Aug 1793 ) The Death of Marat ( painting ) Law of Suspects ( 17 Sep 1793 ) Marie Antoinette is guillotined ( 16 Oct 1793 ) Anti-clerical laws ( throughout the year ) 1794 Danton and Desmoulins guillotined ( 5 Apr 1794 ) Law of 22 Prairial ( 10 Jun 1794 ) Thermidorian Reaction ( 27 Jul 1794 ) Robespierre guillotined ( 28 Jul 1794 ) White Terror ( Fall 1794 ) Closing of the Jacobin Club ( 11 Nov 1794 ) 1795 Constitution of the Year III ( 22 Aug 1795 ) Conspiracy of the Equals ( Nov 1795 ) Directoire ( 1795 -- 99 ) Council of Five Hundred Council of Ancients 1797 Coup of 18 Fructidor ( 4 Sep 1797 ) Second Congress of Rastatt ( Dec 1797 ) 1799 Coup of 30 Prairial VII ( 18 Jun 1799 ) Coup of 18 Brumaire ( 9 Nov 1799 ) Constitution of the Year VIII ( 24 Dec 1799 ) Consulate Revolutionary campaigns 1792 Verdun Thionville Valmy Royalist Revolts Chouannerie Vendée Dauphiné Lille Siege of Mainz Jemappes Namur ( fr ) 1793 First Coalition Siege of Toulon ( 18 Sep -- 18 Dec 1793 ) War in the Vendée Battle of Neerwinden ) Battle of Famars ( 23 May 1793 ) Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco ( 25 May 1793 ) Battle of Kaiserslautern Siege of Mainz Battle of Wattignies Battle of Hondschoote Siege of Bellegarde Battle of Peyrestortes ( Pyrenees ) First Battle of Wissembourg ( 13 Oct 1793 ) Battle of Truillas ( Pyrenees ) Second Battle of Wissembourg ( 26 -- 27 Dec 1793 ) 1794 Battle of Villers - en - Cauchies ( 24 Apr 1794 ) Battle of Boulou ( Pyrenees ) ( 30 Apr -- 1 May 1794 ) Battle of Tournay ( 22 May 1794 ) Battle of Fleurus ( 26 Jun 1794 ) Chouannerie Battle of Tourcoing ( 18 May 1794 ) Battle of Aldenhoven ( 2 Oct 1794 ) 1795 Peace of Basel 1796 Battle of Lonato ( 3 -- 4 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Castiglione ( 5 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Theiningen Battle of Neresheim ( 11 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Amberg ( 24 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Würzburg ( 3 Sep 1796 ) Battle of Rovereto ( 4 Sep 1796 ) First Battle of Bassano ( 8 Sep 1796 ) Battle of Emmendingen ( 19 Oct 1796 ) Battle of Schliengen ( 26 Oct 1796 ) Second Battle of Bassano ( 6 Nov 1796 ) Battle of Calliano ( 6 -- 7 Nov 1796 ) Battle of the Bridge of Arcole ( 15 -- 17 Nov 1796 ) The Ireland Expedition ( Dec 1796 ) 1797 Naval Engagement off Brittany ( 13 Jan 1797 ) Battle of Rivoli ( 14 -- 15 Jan 1797 ) Battle of the Bay of Cádiz ( 25 Jan 1797 ) Treaty of Leoben ( 17 Apr 1797 ) Battle of Neuwied ( 18 Apr 1797 ) Treaty of Campo Formio ( 17 Oct 1797 ) 1798 French invasion of Switzerland ( 28 January -- 17 May 1798 ) French Invasion of Egypt ( 1798 -- 1801 ) Irish Rebellion of 1798 ( 23 May -- 23 Sep 1798 ) Quasi-War ( 1798 -- 1800 ) Peasants ' War ( 12 Oct -- 5 Dec 1798 ) 1799 Second Coalition ( 1798 -- 1802 ) Siege of Acre ( 20 Mar -- 21 May 1799 ) Battle of Ostrach ( 20 -- 21 Mar 1799 ) Battle of Stockach ( 25 Mar 1799 ) Battle of Magnano ( 5 Apr 1799 ) Battle of Cassano ( 27 Apr 1799 ) First Battle of Zurich ( 4 -- 7 Jun 1799 ) Battle of Trebbia ( 19 Jun 1799 ) Battle of Novi ( 15 Aug 1799 ) Second Battle of Zurich ( 25 -- 26 Sep 1799 ) 1800 Battle of Marengo ( 14 Jun 1800 ) Battle of Hohenlinden ( 3 Dec 1800 ) League of Armed Neutrality ( 1800 -- 02 ) 1801 Treaty of Lunéville ( 9 Feb 1801 ) Treaty of Florence ( 18 Mar 1801 ) Algeciras Campaign ( 8 Jul 1801 ) 1802 Treaty of Amiens ( 25 Mar 1802 ) Military leaders French Army Eustache Charles d'Aoust Pierre Augereau Alexandre de Beauharnais Jean - Baptiste Bernadotte Louis - Alexandre Berthier Jean - Baptiste Bessières Guillaume - Marie - Anne Brune Jean François Carteaux Jean Étienne Championnet Chapuis de Tourville Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine Louis - Nicolas Davout Louis Desaix Jacques François Dugommier Thomas - Alexandre Dumas Charles François Dumouriez Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino Louis - Charles de Flers Paul Grenier Emmanuel de Grouchy Jacques Maurice Hatry Lazare Hoche Jean - Baptiste Jourdan François Christophe de Kellermann Jean - Baptiste Kléber Pierre Choderlos de Laclos Jean Lannes Charles Leclerc Claude Lecourbe François Joseph Lefebvre Jacques MacDonald Jean - Antoine Marbot Jean Baptiste de Marbot François Séverin Marceau - Desgraviers Auguste de Marmont André Masséna Bon - Adrien Jeannot de Moncey Jean Victor Marie Moreau Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise Joachim Murat Michel Ney Pierre - Jacques Osten ( fr ) Nicolas Oudinot Catherine - Dominique de Pérignon Jean - Charles Pichegru Józef Poniatowski Laurent de Gouvion Saint - Cyr Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer Jean - Mathieu - Philibert Sérurier Joseph Souham Jean - de-Dieu Soult Louis - Gabriel Suchet Belgrand de Vaubois Claude Victor - Perrin, Duc de Belluno French Navy Charles - Alexandre Linois Opposition Austria József Alvinczi Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen Count of Clerfayt ( Walloon ) Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze ( Swiss ) Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth Pál Kray ( Hungarian ) Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc ( French ) Maximilian Baillet de Latour ( Walloon ) Karl Mack von Leiberich Rudolf Ritter von Otto ( Saxon ) Prince Josias of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss - Plauen Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló ( Hungarian ) Karl Philipp Sebottendorf Dagobert von Wurmser Britain Sir Ralph Abercromby Admiral Sir James Saumarez Admiral Sir Edward Pellew Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany Dutch Republic William V, Prince of Orange Prussia Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe - Ingelfingen Russia Alexander Korsakov Alexander Suvorov Spain Luis Firmin de Carvajal Antonio Ricardos Other significant figures and factions Society of 1789 Jean Sylvain Bailly Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld - Liancourt Isaac René Guy le Chapelier Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès Charles - Maurice de Talleyrand - Périgord Nicolas de Condorcet Feuillants and monarchiens Madame de Lamballe Madame du Barry Louis de Breteuil Loménie de Brienne Charles Alexandre de Calonne de Chateaubriand Jean Chouan Grace Elliott Arnaud de La Porte Jean - Sifrein Maury Jacques Necker François - Marie, marquis de Barthélemy Guillaume - Mathieu Dumas Antoine Barnave Lafayette Alexandre - Théodore - Victor, comte de Lameth Charles Malo François Lameth André Chénier Jean - François Rewbell Camille Jordan Madame de Staël Boissy d'Anglas Jean - Charles Pichegru Pierre Paul Royer - Collard Girondists Jacques Pierre Brissot Roland de La Platière Madame Roland Father Henri Grégoire Étienne Clavière Marquis de Condorcet Charlotte Corday Marie Jean Hérault Jean Baptiste Treilhard Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve Jean Debry Jean - Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil Olympe de Gouges Jean - Baptiste Robert Lindet Louis Marie de La Révellière - Lépeaux The Plain Abbé Sieyès de Cambacérès Charles François Lebrun Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot Philippe Égalité Louis Philippe I Mirabeau Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville Jean Joseph Mounier Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours François de Neufchâteau Montagnards Maximilien Robespierre Georges Danton Jean - Paul Marat Camille Desmoulins Louis Antoine de Saint - Just Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras Louis Philippe I Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint - Fargeau Jacques - Louis David Marquis de Sade Jacques - Louis David Georges Couthon Roger Ducos Jean - Marie Collot d'Herbois Jean - Henri Voulland Philippe - Antoine Merlin de Douai Antoine Quentin Fouquier - Tinville Philippe - François - Joseph Le Bas Marc - Guillaume Alexis Vadier Jean - Pierre - André Amar Prieur de la Côte - d'Or Prieur de la Marne Gilbert Romme Jean Bon Saint - André Jean - Lambert Tallien Pierre Louis Prieur Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Antoine Christophe Saliceti Hébertists and Enragés Jacques Hébert Jacques Nicolas Billaud - Varenne Pierre Gaspard Chaumette Charles - Philippe Ronsin Antoine - François Momoro François - Nicolas Vincent François Chabot Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte Jean - Baptiste - Joseph Gobel François Hanriot Jacques Roux Stanislas - Marie Maillard Charles - Philippe Ronsin Jean - François Varlet Theophile Leclerc Claire Lacombe Pauline Léon Gracchus Babeuf Sylvain Maréchal Others Charles X Louis XVI Louis XVII Louis XVIII Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien Louis Henri, Prince of Condé Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé Marie Antoinette Napoléon Bonaparte Lucien Bonaparte Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Fesch Joséphine de Beauharnais Joachim Murat Jean Sylvain Bailly Jacques - Donatien Le Ray Guillaume - Chrétien de Malesherbes Talleyrand Thérésa Tallien Gui - Jean - Baptiste Target Catherine Théot List of people associated with the French Revolution Influential thinkers Les Lumières Beaumarchais Edmund Burke Anacharsis Cloots Charles - Augustin de Coulomb Pierre Claude François Daunou Diderot Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson Antoine Lavoisier Montesquieu Thomas Paine Jean - Jacques Rousseau Abbé Sieyès Voltaire Mary Wollstonecraft Cultural impact La Marseillaise French Tricolour Liberté, égalité, fraternité Marianne Bastille Day Panthéon French Republican Calendar Cult of the Supreme Being Cult of Reason Temple of Reason Sans - culottes Metric system Phrygian cap Women in the French Revolution Symbolism in the French Revolution Historiography of the French Revolution Influence of the French Revolution Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Liberté, _égalité, _fraternité&oldid = 797204608 '' Categories : French words and phrases National symbols of France National symbols of Haiti National mottos Political catchphrases Liberty symbols Human rights concepts Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) Articles containing French - language text Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2014 Interlanguage link template link number Use dmy dates from September 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Boarisch Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Magyar مصرى Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 25 August 2017, at 15 : 41. 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Question: what was the slogan of the republic in french revolution
Answer: Liberté, égalité, fraternité