Doctrine of lapse - Wikipedia Doctrine of lapse For the legal doctrine, see Lapse and anti-lapse. Princely state Salute state British paramountcy Chamber of Princes Jagir Agencies of British India Residencies of British India ‎ Doctrine of lapse Political pensioner Privy Purse Standstill agreement Instrument of Accession Individual residencies Hyderabad Indore ( Holkar ) Jammu and Kashmir Mysore ( Maisur ) Travancore Sikkim Agencies Bagelkhand Baluchistan Baroda and Gujarat States Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Bhopawar Bundelkhand Central India Deccan States Eastern States Gilgit Gwalior Residency Jaipur Residency Madras States Mahi Kantha Malwa Mewar ( Udaipur ) Residency & Western Rajputana Agency North - West Frontier Palanpur Punjab States Rajputana Rewa Kantha Western India States Lists States by region States by name Rajput States Maratha States The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the British East India Company in India before 1858. According to the doctrine, any princely state or territory under the direct influence ( paramountacy ) of the British East India Company ( the dominant imperial power in the subcontinent ), as a vassal state under the British subsidiary system, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either `` manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir ''. The latter supplanted the long - established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its application were widely regarded by many Indians as illegitimate. The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. However, it was articulated by the Court of Directors of the East India Company as early as 1834 and several smaller states were already annexed under this doctrine before Dalhousie took over the post of Governor - General. Dalhousie used the policy most vigorously and extensively, though, so it is generally associated with him. Contents 1 History 2 Doctrine of lapse before Dalhousie 3 Princely states annexed under the doctrine 4 See also 5 References History At the time of its adoption, the British East India Company had imperial administrative jurisdiction over wide regions of the subcontinent. The company took over the princely states of Satara ( 1848 ), Jaitpur and Sambalpur ( 1849 ), Nagpur and Jhansi ( 1854 ), Tanjore and Arcot ( 1855 ) and Udaipur ( Chhattisgarh ) under the terms of the doctrine of lapse. Oudh ( 1856 ) is widely believed to have been annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. However it was annexed by Lord Dalhousie under the pretext of mis - governance. Mostly claiming that the ruler was not ruling properly, the Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by virtue of this doctrine. Udaipur State, however, would have local rule reinstated by the British in 1860. With the increasing power of the East India Company, discontent simmered among many sections of Indian society and the largely indigenous armed forces ; these rallied behind the deposed dynasties during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. Following the rebellion, in 1858, the new British Viceroy of India, whose rule replaced that of the British East India Company, renounced the doctrine. The princely state of Kittur was taken over by the East India Company in 1824 by imposing a ' doctrine of lapse '. So it is debatable whether it was devised by Lord Dalhousie in 1848, though he arguably made it official by documenting it. Dalhousie 's annexations and the doctrine of lapse had caused suspicion and uneasiness among most ruling princes in India. Doctrine of lapse before Dalhousie Dalhousie applied the doctrine of lapse vigorously for annexing Indian princely states, but the policy was not solely of his invention. The Court of Directors of the East India Company had articulated this early in 1834. As per this policy, the Company annexed Mandvi in 1839, Kolaba and Jalaun in 1840 and Surat in 1842. Princely states annexed under the doctrine Angul ( 1848 ) Arcot ( 1855 ) Banda ( 1858 ) Guler ( 1813 ) Jaintia ( 1835 ) Jaitpur ( 1849 ) Jalaun ( 1840 ) Jaswan ( 1849 ) Jhansi ( 1854 ) Kachari ( 1830 ) Kangra ( 1846 ) Kannanur ( 1819 ) Kittur ( 1824 ) Kodagu ( 1834 ) Kolaba ( 1840 ) Kozhikode ( 1806 ) Kullu ( 1846 ) Kurnool ( 1839 ) Kutlehar ( 1825 ) Makrai ( 1890 ) ; local rule reinstated by the British in 1893 Nagpur ( 1854 ) Nargund ( 1858 ) Oudh ( 1854 ) Punjab ( 1849 ) Ramgarh ( 1858 ) Sambalpur ( 1849 ) Satara ( 1848 ) Surat ( 1842 ) Siba ( 1849 ) Tanjore ( 1855 ) Tulsipur ( 1854 ) Udaipur, Chhattisgarh ( 1854 ) ; local rule reinstated by the British in 1860 See also Colonialism Escheat List of princely states of India Presidencies and provinces of British India References Jump up ^ Keay, John. India : A History. Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States : 2000 ISBN 0 - 8021 - 3797 - 0, p. 433. Jump up ^ Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India ; 3rd ed., pp. 226 - 28. Oxford University Press, 1989. Jump up ^ Rajput Provinces of India - Udaipur ( Princely State ) Jump up ^ Wolpert ( 1989 ), p. 240. Jump up ^ S.N. Sen, ed. ( 2006 ). History of Modern India. New Age International ( P ) Ltd. p. 50. ISBN 978 - 8122 - 41774 - 6. Princely states annexed by the British Raj Angul ( 1848 ) Arcot ( Carnatic, as political pensioner ) ( 1855 ) Banda ( 1858 ) Banki ( 1840 ) Ballabhgarh ( 1867 ) Carnatic ( as state, 1801 ) Datarpur ( 1848 ) Guler ( 1813 ) Jaintia ( 1835 ) Jaitpur ( 1849 ) Jalaun ( 1840 ) Jaswan ( 1849 ) Jhansi ( 1854 ) Jubbal ( 1832 - 1840 ) Kachari ( 1830 ) Kangra ( 1846 ) Kanika ( 1805 ) Kannanur ( 1819 ) Kittur ( 1824 ) Kodagu ( 1834 ) Kolaba ( Colaba ) ( 1840 ) Kozhikode ( 1806 ) Kullu ( 1846 ) Kulpahar ( 1858 ) Kurnool ( 1839 ) Kutlehar ( 1825 ) Makrai ( 1890 - 1893 ) Nagpur ( 1854 ) Nargund ( 1858 ) Nurpur ( 1849 ) Oudh ( Awadh ) ( 1854 ) Pañjab ( 1849 ) Ramgarh ( 1858 ) Sambalpur ( 1849 ) Satara ( 1848 ) Surat ( 1842 ) Siba ( 1849 ) Tanjore ( 1855 ) Tulsipur ( 1859 ) Udaipur, Chhattisgarh ( 1854 - 1860 ) List of princely states of British India ( by region ) Princely states alphabetical Doctrine of lapse Annexation Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctrine_of_lapse&oldid=807331010 '' Categories : Indian Rebellion of 1857 Princely states of India Annexation Hidden categories : Use Indian English from May 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from May 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch हिन्दी Italiano മലയാളം 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Русский Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 27 October 2017, at 08 : 42. 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Question: who annexed jhansi under the doctrine of lapse
Answer: the British East India Company