Chand kings - Wikipedia Chand kings Fort and the capital city of Kali Kumaon, Champawat, 1815. The Chand Kings were a medieval Rajput ruling clan of the Kumaon region of the Uttarakhand state of India, which ruled the region after the decline of Katyuri Kings in 11th century AD. It claimed Raghuvanshi ancestry. Contents 1 History 1.1 Inception 1.2 Peak 1.3 Decline 2 List of Chand Kings 3 Legacy 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading History Inception The Chand kingdom was established by Som Chand, who came here from Kannauj near Allahabad, sometime in the 10th century, and displaced the Katyuri Kings ( कत्यूरी नरेश ), originally from Katyur valley near Joshimath, who had been ruling the area from the 7th century AD. He continued to call his state Kurmanchal, and established its capital in Champawat in Kali Kumaon, called so, due to its vicinity to river Kali. Many temples built in this former capital city, during the 11th and 12th century exist today, this include the Baleshwar and Nagnath temples. ' Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple ', at Bhim Tal, built by Baz Bahadur. Oil painting on paper, by Marianne North July 30, 1878. In 1563, the Chand kings took control of the region, by overpowering small local chiefs and the descendants of Katyuri Kings. They had brief stints with the Rajput clans in Gangoli and Bankot ; then predominant there the Mankotis of Mankot, the Pathanis of Athigaon - Kamsyar, Kalakotis and few Khas Rajput Clans of the region. However they were able to establish their domain there. Later their capital was shifted to Almora by Raja Kalyan Chand in 1563, when he laid the foundation of a town name ' Alam Nagar ', which was also called, ' Rajapur ', a name that still used and has been found inscribed on a number of copper plates of the time. Mughal historians mention that Chand ruler, Gyan Chand, visited Delhi Sultanate and received the regions of Bhabhar - Terai up to the Ganges as a grant from then Sultan. The lower hills remained under local chieftains ; it was Kirti Chand ( 1488 -- 1503 ), who first ruled the entire of Nainital district, along with the rest of Kumaon. In 1581, the Chand King, Rudra Chand ( 1565 -- 1597 ), son of Raja Kalyan Chand seized Sira defeating Raika king Hari Malla and attacked the Garhwal Kingdom for the first time, though this attack was repulsed by then king, Dularam Sah, and so were his subsequent attacks. Rudra Chandra was a contemporary of Akbar, and even paid him a visit in Lahore in 1587, as a mark of his obeisance. Akbarnama mentions him as `` one of the great landlords of India '', and further talks about his initial hestitation in approaching the court of Akbar, it was only Raja Todar Mal himself, sent his son Kalyan Das to assure him, did his proceed to meet Akbar. Subsequently, the two met and agreed on a concord, and thus Ain - e-Akbari, written during period of Akbar, also mentions the Sarkar of Kumaon, containing 21 Mahals ( a geographical unit of the times ) and the revenue collected. After death of Rudra Chand in 1597, his son, Lakshmi Chand, also continued attacks of Garhwal for many years, though he too was repulsed. He also constructed the ' Bagnath temple ' at Bageshwar in 1602. Peak One of most powerful rulers of the Chand dynasty was Baz Bahadur ( 1638 -- 78 ), who met Shahjahan in Delhi, and in 1655 joined forces with him to attack Garhwal, which was under its king, Pirthi Sah, and subsequently captured the Terai region including Dehradun, which was hence separated from the Garhwal kingdom. Baz Bahadur extended his territory east to Karnali river. In 1672, Baz Bahadur started a poll tax, and its revenue was sent to Delhi as a tribute. Baz Bahadur also built the Golu Devata Temple, at Ghorakhal, near Bhimtal, after Lord Golu, a general in his army, who died valiantly at war. He also built the Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple at Bhimtal. Towards the end of 17th century, Chand Rajas again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688 Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwer and Parbateshwer, to mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti. The Pabateshwar temple was renamed twice, to become the present Nanda Devi temple. Later, Jagat Chand ( 1708 -- 20 ), defeated the Raja of Garhwal and pushed him away from Srinagar, and his kingdom was given to a Brahmin. However, a subsequent king of Garhwal, Pradip Shah ( 1717 -- 72 ), regained control over Garhwal and retained Doon till 1757, when Rohilla leader Najib - ul - Daula established himself there, though he was ousted soon by Pradip Shah. The Chand kings also defeated the Rajwars of Askot, though the latter were allowed to hold their land on the payment of a tribute. The hill station of Binsar, 30 km from Almora was a summer retreat of the Chand kings. In the coming years, Jagat Chand 's successor, Debi Chand ( 1720 - 6 ) took part in the wars of Rohillas of Rohilkhand, and was defeated by the British troops. Decline In 1744, Ali Mohammed Khan, the Rohilla leader, sent a force into the Chand territory and penetrated through Bhimtal in the Nainital district to Almora ; the resistance of Chand army, under its ruler, Kalyan Chand, was weak and ineffective, and Almora fell to the Rohillas, who stayed here for seven short months, though they were ultimately driven out, an exit made possible by paying them a sum of three lakh rupees, and hastened by the harsh terrain of the region. This peace did n't last long as after just three months, unhappy over his lieutenants, Ali Mohammed Khan attacked again, though this time, he was stopped right at the entrance to the hills, at Barakheri, and defeated ; and he made no further attempts to conquer the Kumaon kingdom, nor did the Muslim rulers of Delhi, and this remained the first and the last attack by Muslim rulers on the region. Reconciliation subsequently came into effected ; troops from the hills, under Dip Chand, fought side by side with the Rohillas at Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. In 1760, he renamed the old Parbateshwer temple as Dipchandeshwar temple During British rule, then divisional commissioner of Kumaon, George William Trail, got the statue of the Nanda Devi, which had been relocated to the Udyot Chandeshwar temple, from the ' Malla Mahal ' ( Upper Court ) of Chand kings, where the present collectorate exists, and in time, the temple started being called the ' Nanda Devi temple '. The ' Talla Mahal ' ( Lower Court ) of Chand rulers now houses the District Hospital. Due to internal strife, in the coming thirty years the kings lost most of the land they had previously ruled in the plains, and retained only the Bhabhar region. In 1779, a subsequent Garhwal king, Lalit Shah, captured the Kumaon region from a usurper. Lalit Shah made his son Parduman Shah the king of the Kumaon territory, and after a few years, on the death of his brother in Srinagar, Parduman Shah even held the seat of a combined kingdom of Kumaon and Garhwal for a year, before choosing to go back to Srinagar, in the familiar grounds of Garhwal. In early 1790, the Gurkhas invaded the Kumaon hills and Almora, under their powerful chief ' Prithvi Narayan ' ; they advanced by crossing River Kali, through Gangoli ; and the Chands, under the titular Chand Raja, were driven to the Bhabhar and finally expelled. The Terai and Kashipur were ceded to the British by the Nawab of Awadh in 1801, along with the rest of Rohilkhand. Nepalese rule lasted for twenty - four years. The end came because of their repeated intrusion into British territories in the Terai from 1800 onwards. Lord Moira, the Governor - General of India, decided to attack Almora in December 1814, marking the beginning of the Anglo - Nepalese War. After the war, the old Lal Mandi fort, near Almora ( present cantonment ), was renamed ' Fort Moira '. Harak Deo Joshi, the minister of the last Chand Raja, took the side of the British, a force of 4500 men marched from Kashipur in February, 1815. Champawat was first taken in March from Pilibhit, through the Kali River. Within two months, a strong British army under Colonel Nichols attacked and captured Almora, on 26 April 1815. A truce was called the same day, and with the ratification of Treaty of Sugauli on 4 March 1816, Kumaon and Garhwal became a part of the British Raj. List of Chand Kings Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following : King Reign Notes Som Chand 700 - 721 Atm Chand 721 - 740 Purn Chand 740 - 758 Indra Chand 758 - 778 Opened Silk Factories Sansar Chand 778 - 813 Sudha Chand 813 - 833 Hamir Chand 833 - 856 Vina Chand 856 - 869 Lost to Khas Kings Vir Chand 1065 - 1080 Rup Chand 1080 - 1093 Laxmi Chand 1093 - 1113 Dharm Chand 1113 - 1121 Karm Chand 1121 - 1140 Ballal Chand 1140 - 1149 Nami Chand 1149 - 1170 Nar Chand 1170 - 1177 Nanaki Chand 1177 - 1195 Ram Chand 1195 - 1205 Bhishm Chand 1205 - 1226 Megh Chand 1226 - 1233 Dhyan Chand 1233 - 1251 Parvat Chand 1251 - 1261 Thor Chand 1261 - 1275 Kalyan Chand II 1275 - 1296 Trilok Chand 1296 - 1303 Conquered Chhakhata Built a fort at Bhimtal Damaru Chand 1303 - 1321 Dharm Chand 1321 - 1344 Abhay Chand 1344 - 1374 Garur Gyan Chand 1374 - 1419 Established authority over Bhabar and Terai ; later lost them to nawab of Sambhal Harihar Chand 1419 - 1420 Udyan Chand 1420 - 1421 built Baleshwar Temple at Champawat Captured Chaugarkha Atma Chand II 1421 - 1422 Hari Chand II 1422 - 1423 Vikram Chand 1423 - 1437 Completed Baleshwar Temple Bharati Chand 1437 - 1450 Defeated Doti Ratna Chand 1450 - 1488 Defeated Bams of Sor Defeated Doti again Kirti Chand 1488 - 1503 annexed Barahmandal, Pali and Faldakot Pratap Chand 1503 - 1517 Tara Chand 1517 - 1533 Manik Chand 1533 - 1542 Kalyan Chand III 1542 - 1551 Purna Chand 1551 - 1555 Bhishm Chand 1555 - 1560 laid foundation stone of Alamnagar lost Barahmandal to Khas Sardar Gajuwathinga Balo Kalyan Chand 1560 - 1568 recaptured Barahmandal moved capital to Alamnagar and renamed it Almora Annexed Mankot and Danpur Mihir p Sah 1568 - 1597 Successfully defended Terai from nawab of Kath and Gola founded the city of Rudrapur Annexed Sira Laxmi Chand 1597 - 1621 built Laxmeswar and Bagnath Temple at Almora and Bageshwar respectively Invaded Garhwal 7 times without any Success Dilip Chand 1621 - 1624 Vijay Chand 1624 - 1625 Trimal Chand 1625 - 1638 Baz Bahadur Chand 1638 - 1678 Udyot Chand 1678 - 1698 Gyan Chand 1698 - 1708 Jagat Chand 1708 - 1720 Devi Chand 1720 - 1726 Ajit Chand 1726 - 1729 Kalyan Chand V 1729 - 1747 Defeated by Rohillas Deep Chand 1747 - 1777 Mohan Chand 1777 - 1779 Defeated by King Lalit Shah of Garhwal Pradyumn Chand 1779 - 1786 Son of king Lalit Shah of Garhwal Mohan Chand 1786 - 1788 Overthrew Pradyumn Shah ; Became king for second time Shiv Chand 1788 Mahendra Chand 1788 - 1790 Legacy The first capital of Chand rulers, Champawat, in the stronghold popularly known as Kali Kumaon, is now a district headquarters town, and hold many remnants of once powerful Chand reign, including a medieval fort, Baleshwar temple, Nagnath Temple, etc. Other temples of their reign are Golu Devata Temple, at Ghorakhal, near Bhimtal, and Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple at Bhimtal. See also Kumauni people K.C. Singh Baba Descendant of Chand Rulers References ^ Jump up to : History of Nainital District The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909, v. 18, p. 324 - 325. Jump up ^ History of Almora city Archived 25 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : Champawat Archived 9 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. British Library. Jump up ^ Kumaon Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Official website of Almora district. Jump up ^ Garhwal history www.garhwalhimalayas.com. Jump up ^ Rudra Akbarnama of Abu Fazl, Volume 3, chpt. 196. p807, `` On 9 Āẓar he received the felcity... '' 1588 Jump up ^ Sarkár of Kumáon Ain - e-Akbari Vol II, pp. 289. Jump up ^ Chitai Temple Archived 13 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Bhimtal British Library. ^ Jump up to : Almora Temples www.uttaranchal.org. Jump up ^ History of Garhwal District The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909, v. 12, p. 165 - 166. Jump up ^ Askot The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909, v. 6, p. 14. Jump up ^ Almora Archived 13 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Almora city official website. Jump up ^. Devi Temple Nanda Devi Temple Archived 25 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. website of Almora city. Jump up ^ Cruel Gurkha Regime www.uttaranchal.org. Jump up ^ Almora Archived 9 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. British Library. Jump up ^ Chand Rajas in Kashipur Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ History of Almora District The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909, v. 5, p. 245 - 246. Jump up ^ Pandey ( 1993 ) pg197 - 332 Jump up ^ K.C. Baba Archived 21 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Further reading History of Kumaun : English version of `` Kumaun ka itihas ''. by B.D. Pandey. 1993. Almora, India : Shyam Prakashan : Shree Almora Book Depot. Source Materials of Kumauni History, by Nityananda Misra. Published by Shree Almora Book Depot, 1994. ISBN 81 - 85865 - 24 - 8. Administrative History of Uttarakhand ( Kumaon and Garhwal ), During the Rule of the East India Company, 1815 - 1857, by Ajay Arora. Published by Eastern Book Linkers, 1996. ISBN 81 - 86339 - 33 - 7. History of Uttaranchal, by Umachand Handa. Published by Indus Publishing, 2002. ISBN 81 - 7387 - 134 - 5. Excerpts Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chand_kings&oldid=833516120 '' Categories : History of Uttarakhand Dynasties of India Rajput rulers Kumaoni Rajputs Champawat Almora Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use Indian English from June 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from June 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia हिन्दी नेपाली Русский Українська डोटेली Edit links This page was last edited on 1 April 2018, at 01 : 52. 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Question: the founder of chand dyanasty in kumaun was
Answer: Som Chand