Book of Joel - wikipedia Book of Joel Tanakh ( Judaism ) Torah ( Instruction ) Genesis Brʾeišyt Exodus Šemot Leviticus Wayiqra Numbers Bəmidbar Deuteronomy Devarim Nevi'im ( Prophets ) Former Joshua Yehoshua Judges Shofetim Samuel Shemuel Kings Melakhim Latter Isaiah Yeshayahu Jeremiah Yirmeyahu Ezekiel Yekhezqel Minor Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Ketuvim ( Writings ) Poetic Psalms Təhillîm Proverbs Mishlei Job Iyov Five Megillot ( Scrolls ) Song of Songs Shir Hashirim Ruth Rut Lamentations Eikhah Ecclesiastes Qoheleth Esther Ester Historical Daniel Daniyyel Ezra -- Nehemiah Ezra Chronicles Dibh 're Hayyamim Old Testament ( Christianity ) Pentateuch Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Historical Joshua Judges Ruth 1 and 2 Samuel 1 and 2 Kings 1 and 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Wisdom Poetry Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs Prophetic Major prophets Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Minor prophets Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanonical Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom of Solomon Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel Orthodox only 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Odes Orthodox Tewahedo 1 Enoch Jubilees 1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Bible portal The Book of Joel is part of the Hebrew Bible. Joel is part of a group of twelve prophetic books known as the Twelve Minor Prophets. ( The term indicates the short length of the text in relation longer prophetic texts known as the Major Prophets. ) Contents 1 Content 2 Historical context 3 History of interpretation 4 Biblical quotes and allusions 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Content After a superscription ascribing the prophecy to Joel ( son of Pethuel ), the book may be broken down into the following sections : Lament over a great locust plague and a severe drought ( 1 : 1 -- 2 : 17 ) The effects of these events on agriculture, farmers, and on the supply of agricultural offerings for the Temple in Jerusalem, interspersed with a call to national lament. ( 1 : 1 -- 20 ) A more apocalyptic passage comparing the locusts to an army, and revealing that they are God 's army. ( 2 : 1 -- 11 ) A call to national repentance in the face of God 's judgment. ( 2 : 12 -- 17 ) Promise of future blessings ( 2 : 18 -- 32 or 2 : 18 -- 3 : 5 ) Banishment of the locusts and restoration of agricultural productivity as a divine response to national penitence. ( 2 : 18 -- 27 ) Future prophetic gifts to all God 's people, and the safety of God 's people in the face of cosmic cataclysm. ( 2 : 28 -- 32 or 3 : 1 -- 5 ) Coming judgment on God 's ( Israel 's ) enemies and the vindication of Israel. ( 3 : 1 -- 21 or 4 : 1 -- 21 ) ( Note : the Book of Joel 's division verses differs greatly between editions of the Bible ; some editions have three chapters, others four. ) Historical context The Prophet Joel as imagined by Michelangelo ( Fresco, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 1508 -- 1512 ) As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are : Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of Joash -- a position especially popular among nineteenth - century scholars ( making Joel one of the earliest writing prophets ) Early eight century BC, during the reign of Uzziah ( contemporary with Hosea, Amos, and Jonah ) c. 630 -- 587 BC, in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah ( contemporary with Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Habakkuk ) c. 520 -- 500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of Zechariah and Haggai. The decades around 400 BC, during the Persian period ( making him one of the latest writing prophets ) Evidence produced for these positions are allusions in the book to the wider world, similarities with other prophets, and linguistic details. Other commentators, such as John Calvin, attach no great importance to the precise dating. History of interpretation The preservation of the Book of Joel indicates that it was accorded special status by its contemporaries as `` the word of the Lord '' ( 1 : 1 ). Its history as part of the Jewish and Christian canons followed that of the entire scroll of the Minor Prophets. The Masoretic text places Joel between Hosea and Amos ( the order inherited by the Tanakh and Old Testament ), while the Septuagint order is Hosea -- Amos -- Micah -- Joel -- Obadiah -- Jonah. The Hebrew text of Joel seems to have suffered little from scribal transmission, but is at a few points supplemented by the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate versions, or by conjectural emendation. While the book purports to describe a plague of locusts, some ancient Jewish opinion saw the locusts as allegorical interpretations of Israel 's enemies. This allegorical interpretation was applied to the church by many church fathers. Calvin took a literal interpretation of ch. 1, but allegorical view of chapter 2, a position echoed by some modern interpreters. Most modern interpreters, however, see Joel speaking of a literal locust plague given a prophetic / apocalyptic interpretation. The traditional ascription of the whole book to the prophet Joel was challenged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by a theory of a three - stage process of composition : 1 : 1 -- 2 : 27 were from the hand of Joel, and dealt with a contemporary issue ; 2 : 28 -- 3 : 21 / 3 : 1 -- 4 : 21 were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook. Mentions in the first half of the book to the day of the Lord were also ascribed to this continuator. 3 : 4 -- 8 / 4 : 4 -- 8 could be seen as even later. Details of exact ascriptions differed between scholars. This splitting of the book 's composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of 3 : 4 -- 8 has presented more challenges, although a number of scholars still defend it. Biblical quotes and allusions There are many parallels of language between Joel and other Old Testament prophets. They may represent Joel 's literary use of other prophets, or vice versa. In the New Testament, his prophecy of the outpouring of God ′ s Holy Spirit upon all people was notably quoted by Saint Peter in his Pentecost sermon ( Acts 2 ). The table below represents some of the more explicit quotes and allusions between specific passages in Joel and passages from the Old and New Testaments. Russian icon of the prophet Joel ( Iconostasis of Kizhi monastery, c. 1700 -- 1725 ) Joel Old Testament New Testament 1 : 6, 2 : 2 -- 10 Revelation 9 : 3, 7 -- 9 1 : 15 Isaiah 13 : 6 Ezekiel 30 : 2 -- 3 2 : 1 Zephaniah 1 : 14 -- 16 2 : 1 -- 2 Amos 5 : 18, 20 2 : 11 Malachi 3 : 2 2 : 14 Jonah 3 : 9 2 : 20 -- 21 Psalm 126 : 2 -- 3 2 : 27 Isaiah 45 : 5 Ezekiel 36 : 11 2 : 28 -- 32 / 3 : 1 -- 5 Acts 2 : 16 -- 21 2 : 31 / 3 : 4 Malachi 3 : 23 / 4 : 5 2 : 32 / 3 : 5 Obadiah 17 Romans 10 : 13 3 : 1 / 4 : 1 Psalm 126 : 1 3 : 10 / 4 : 10 Isaiah 2 : 4 Micah 4 : 3 3 : 16 / 4 : 16 Amos 1 : 2 3 : 17 / 4 : 17 Obadiah 17 3 : 18 / 4 : 18 Amos 9 : 13 Plange quasi virgo, the third responsory for Holy Saturday, is loosely based on some verses of the Book of Joel. References Jump up ^ Hayes, Christine ( 2006 ). `` Introduction to the Old Testament ( Hebrew Bible ) -- Lecture 23 -- Visions of the End : Daniel and Apocalyptic Literature ''. Open Yale Courses. Yale University. Jump up ^ Outlined by Allen ( pp. 19 -- 25 ), who himself favours the fourth position, with the second position ( early eight century ) added from Patterson ( pp. 231 - 2 ). Jump up ^ Patterson, Richard D. The Expositor 's Bible Commentary, vol. 7. Zondervan. Jump up ^ Cited in Allen, p. 19, although Calvin did lean toward a later dating Jump up ^ Allen 36 Jump up ^ Targum at 2 : 25 ; also margin of LXX manuscript Q, mid-6th century AD Jump up ^ See Allen 29 -- 31 Jump up ^ See Allen 25 -- 29 for details and arguments. Further reading See also works on the Minor Prophets as a whole. Achtemeier, Elizabeth. Minor Prophets I. New International Biblical Commentary. ( Hendrickson, 1999 ) Ahlström, Gösta W. Joel and the Temple Cult of Jerusalem. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 21. ( Brill, 1971 ) Allen, Leslie C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah & Micah. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. ( Eerdmans, 1976 ) Anders, Max E. & Butler, Trent C. Hosea -- Micah. Holman Old Testament Commentary. ( B&H Publishing, 2005 ) Assis, Elie. Joel : A Prophet Between Calamity and Hope ( LHBOTS, 581 ), New York : Bloomsbury, 2013 Baker, David W. Joel, Obadiah, Malachi. NIV Application Commentary. ( Zondervan, 2006 ) Barton, John. Joel & Obadiah : a Commentary. Old Testament Library. ( Westminster John Knox, 2001 ) Birch, Bruce C. Hosea, Joel & Amos. Westminster Bible Companion. ( Westminster John Knox, 1997 ) Busenitz, Irvin A. Commentary on Joel and Obadiah. Mentor Commentary. ( Mentor, 2003 ) Calvin, John. Joel, Amos, Obadiah. Calvin 's Bible Commentaries. ( Forgotten Books, 2007 ) Coggins, Richard. Joel and Amos. New Century Bible Commentary. ( Sheffield Academic Press, 2000 ) Crenshaw, James L. Joel : a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible. ( Yale University Press, 1995 ) Finley, Thomas J. Joel, Amos, Obadiah : an Exegetical Commentary. ( Biblical Studies Press, 2003 ) Gæbelein, Frank E. ( ed ) Daniel and the Minor Prophets. The Expositor 's Bible Commentary, Volume 7. ( Zondervan, 1985 ) Garrett, Duane A. Hosea, Joel. The New American Commentary. ( B&H Publishing, 1997 ) Hubbard, David Allen. Joel and Amos : an Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale Old Testament Commentary. ( Inter-Varsity Press, 1990 ) Limburg, James. Hosea -- Micah. Interpretation -- a Bible Commentary for Teaching & Preaching. ( Westminster John Knox, 1988 ) Mason, Rex. Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Joel. Old Testament Guides. ( JSOT Press, 1994 ) McQueen, Larry R.M. Joel and the Spirit : the Cry of a Prophetic Hermeneutic. ( CTP, 2009 ) Ogden, Graham S. & Deutsch, Richard R. A Promise of Hope -- a Call to Obedience : a Commentary on the Books of Joel & Malachi. International Theological Commentary ( Eerdmans / Hansel, 1987 ) Ogilvie, John Lloyd. Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah. Communicator 's Commentary 20. ( Word, 1990 ) Price, Walter K. The Prophet Joel and the Day of the Lord. ( Moody, 1976 ) Prior, David. The Message of Joel, Micah, and Habakkuk : Listening to the Voice of God. The Bible Speaks Today. ( Inter-Varsity Press, 1999 ) Pohlig, James N. An Exegetical Summary of Joel. ( SIL International, 2003 ) Roberts, Matis ( ed ). Trei asar : The Twelve Prophets : a New Translation with a Commentary Anthologized from Talmudic, Midrashic, and Rabbinic Sources. Vol. 1 : Hosea. Joel. Amos. Obadiah. ( Mesorah, 1995 ) Robertson, O. Palmer. Prophet of the Coming Day of the Lord : the Message of Joel. Welwyn Commentary. ( Evangelical Press, 1995 ) Simkins, Ronald. Yahweh 's Activity in History and Nature in the Book of Joel. Ancient Near Eastern Texts & Studies 10 ( E. Mellen Press, 1991 ) Simundson, Daniel J. Hosea -- Micah. Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries. ( Abingdon, 2005 ) Stuart, Douglas. Hosea -- Jonah. Word Biblical Commentary 31. ( Word, 1987 ) Sweeney, Marvin A. The Twelve Prophets, Vol. 1 : Hosea -- Jonah. Berit Olam -- Studies in Hebrew Narrative & Poetry. ( Liturgical Press, 2000 ) Wolff, Hans Walter. A Commentary on the Books of the Prophets Joel & Amos. Hermeneia -- a Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible. ( Augsburg Fortress, 1977 ) External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : Joel Jewish Encyclopedia : Book of Joel Catholic Encyclopedia : Joel Jewish translations : Yoel -- Joel ( Judaica Press ) translation ( with Rashi 's commentary ) at Chabad.org Christian translations : Online Bible at GospelHall.org ( ESV ) Joel at The Great Books ( New Revised Standard Version ) Joel at BibleGateway ( New International Version and others ) Joel at BlueLetter Bible ( King James Version and others, plus commentaries ) Bible : Joel public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions Book of Joel Minor prophets Preceded by Hosea Hebrew Bible Succeeded by Amos Christian Old Testament Book of Joel Bible Joel 1 Places Garden of Eden Judah Kidron Megiddo Philistines Sheba Sidon Shittim Tyre Zion People Jehosaphat Joel Terms Locust Sources Hebrew Bible Septuagint Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King James Version American Standard Version World English Version ← Book of Hosea ( chapter 14 ) Book of Amos ( chapter 1 ) → Books of the Bible Principal divisions Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Protocanon Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 -- 2 Samuel 1 -- 2 Kings 1 -- 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanon and Apocrypha Catholic Orthodox Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel ( Susanna Song of the Three Children Bel and the Dragon ) Orthodox only 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Odes Tewahedo Orthodox Enoch Jubilees 1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Syriac Letter of Baruch 2 Baruch Psalms 152 -- 155 New Testament Matthew Mark Luke Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Subdivisions Chapters and verses Pentateuch Wisdom Major / Minor prophets Gospels ( Synoptic ) Epistles ( Pauline Johannine Pastoral Catholic ) Apocalyptic literature Development Old Testament canon New Testament canon Antilegomena Jewish canon Christian canon Manuscripts Dead Sea Scrolls Samaritan Pentateuch Septuagint Targum Diatessaron Muratorian fragment Peshitta Vetus Latina Masoretic Text New Testament manuscript categories New Testament papyri New Testament uncials See also Biblical canon Authorship English Bible translations Other books referenced in the Bible Pseudepigrapha ( list ) New Testament apocrypha Studies Synod of Hippo Textual criticism Portal WikiProject Book VIAF : 178515806 LCCN : n84229962 GND : 4028647 - 2 SUDOC : 028922395 BNF : cb120657940 ( data ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Joel&oldid=797837800 '' Categories : Book of Joel 9th - century BC books 8th - century BC books 7th - century BC books 6th - century BC books 5th - century BC books 1st - millennium BC books Twelve Minor Prophets Protocanonical books Hidden categories : Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Afrikaans Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Boarisch Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Gàidhlig गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Kiswahili Latina Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Gagana Samoa Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Türkçe Українська اردو Vepsän kel ' Winaray Yorùbá 粵語 Zeêuws 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 29 August 2017, at 13 : 16. 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Question: who wrote the book of joel in the bible
Answer: the prophet Joel