List of presidents of the Philippines - wikipedia List of presidents of the Philippines For colonial chief executives of the Philippines prior to the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, see Governor - General of the Philippines. Malacañang Palace in Manila is the official residence of the President. Built in 1750, it has become a prominent symbol of and metonym for the office. Under the present Constitution of the Philippines, the President of the Philippines ( Filipino : Pangulo ng Pilipinas ) is both the head of state and the head of government, and serves as the commander - in - chief of the country 's armed forces. The President is directly elected by qualified voters of the population to a six - year term and must be `` a natural - born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election ''. Any person who has served as president for more than four years is barred from running for the position again. Upon an incumbent president 's death, permanent disability, resignation, or removal from office, the Vice President assumes the post. Sixteen people have been sworn into office as president. Following the ratification of the Malolos Constitution in 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president of the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic. He held that office until 1901 when he was captured by United States forces during the Philippine -- American War ( 1899 -- 1902 ). The American colonization of the Philippines abolished the First Republic, which led an American governor - general to exercise executive power. In 1935, the United States, pursuant to its promise of full Philippine sovereignty, established the Commonwealth of the Philippines following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution, which also restored the presidency. The first national presidential election was held, and Manuel L. Quezon ( 1935 -- 44 ) was elected to a six - year term, with no provision for re-election, as the second Philippine president and the first Commonwealth president. In 1940, however, the Constitution was amended to allow re-election but shortened the term to four years. A change in government occurred three years later when the Second Philippine Republic was organized with the enactment of the 1943 Constitution, which Japan imposed after it occupied the Philippines in 1942 during World War II. José P. Laurel acted as puppet president of the new Japanese - sponsored government ; his de facto presidency, not legally recognized until the 1960s, overlapped with that of the president of the Commonwealth, which went into exile. The Second Republic was dissolved after Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945 ; the Commonwealth was restored in the Philippines in the same year with Sergio Osmeña ( 1944 -- 46 ) as president. Manuel Roxas ( 1946 -- 1948 ) followed Picar when he won the first post-war election in 1946. He became the first president of the independent Philippines when the Commonwealth ended on July 4 of that year. The Third Republic was ushered in and would cover the administrations of the next five presidents, the last of which was Ferdinand Marcos ( 1965 -- 86 ), who performed a self - coup by imposing martial law in 1972. The dictatorship saw the birth of Marcos ' New Society and the Fourth Republic. His tenure lasted until 1986 when he was deposed in the People Power Revolution. The current constitution came into effect in 1987, marking the beginning of the Fifth Republic. Of the individuals elected as president, three died in office : two of natural causes ( Manuel L. Quezon and Manuel Roxas ) and one in a plane crash ( Ramon Magsaysay, 1953 -- 57 ). The longest - serving president is Ferdinand Marcos with 20 years and 57 days in office ; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña who spent 1 year and 300 days in off. Two women have held the office : Corazon Aquino ( 1986 -- 92 ), who ascended to the presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ( 2001 -- 10 ), who, as Vice President, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada 's resignation and was elected to a full six - year term in 2004. Contents 1 Presidents 1.1 Prior to the First Republic 1.2 1899 -- 1901 : First Republic ( Malolos Republic ) 1.3 1935 -- 46 : Commonwealth 1.4 1943 -- 45 : Second Republic 1.5 1946 -- 72 : Third Republic 1.6 1972 -- 87 : Fourth Republic 1.7 1987 -- present : Fifth Republic 2 Timeline 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 5.1 Works cited 6 External links Presidents The colors indicate the political party affiliation of each individual. Key Party English name Abbreviation Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas Association for Service to the New Philippines KALIBAPI Kilusang Bagong Lipunan New Society Movement KBL Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino Struggle of the Patriotic Filipino Masses LAMMP Lakas ng Tao -- Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino -- Christian Muslim Democrats People Power -- Partner of the Free Filipino -- Christian Muslim Democrats Lakas -- Kampi -- CMD Lakas ng Tao -- National Union of Christian Democrats People Power -- National Union of Christian Democrats Lakas -- NUCD Liberal Party Liberal Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party Nacionalista Partido Demokratiko Pilipino -- Lakas ng Bayan Philippine Democratic Party -- People 's Power PDP -- Laban United Nationalist Democratic Organization UNIDO Non-partisan N / A Prior to the first Republic The Spaniards unified the Philippines as the Captaincy - General of the Philippines. The Spanish monarchy is represented by the Governor - General from 1565 to 1899. Spain ceded the all of its remaining possessions, including the Philippines, save for Cuba at the end of the Spanish - American War via the Treaty of Paris. 1899 -- 1901 : first Republic ( Malolos Republic ) The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and ended on March 23, 1901 when President Emilio F. Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan. President of the First Philippine Republic ( Malolos Republic ) No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. Emilio Aguinaldo 1869 -- 1964 ( Lived : 94 years ) January 23, 1899 March 23, 1901 Non-partisan ( 1899 ) ( 1899 ) None The Americans had already begun controlling areas not controlled by the First Republic after the Spanish cession. The President of the United States is represented first by military governors, then by civilian Governors - General up to 1935. 1935 -- 46 : Commonwealth The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15, 1935 at Manila, and ended upon independence on July 4, 1946. Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. Manuel L. Quezon 1878 -- 1944 ( Lived : 65 years ) November 15, 1935 August 1, 1944 Nacionalista ( 1935 ) ( 1935 ) Sergio Osmeña ( 1941 ) ( 1941 ) ( 1944 ) Sergio Osmeña Sr. 1878 -- 1961 ( Lived : 83 years ) August 1, 1944 May 28, 1946 Nacionalista Vacant 5 Manuel A. Roxas 1892 -- 1948 ( Lived : 56 years ) May 28, 1946 July 4, 1946 Liberal ( 1946 ) 5 ( 1946 ) Elpidio Quirino May 28, 1946 -- July 4, 1946 1943 -- 45 : Second Republic The Second Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1943 in Manila, and ended when President Jose P. Laurel dissolved the republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo. President of the Second Philippine Republic No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. José P. Laurel 1891 -- 1959 ( Lived : 68 years ) October 14, 1943 August 17, 1945 KALIBAPI ( 1943 ) ( 1943 ) None 1946 -- 72 : Third Republic The Third Republic started when independence was granted by the Americans on July 4, 1946, and ended upon the imposition of martial law by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on September 21, 1972. Presidents of the Third Philippine Republic No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. 5 Manuel A. Roxas 1892 -- 1948 ( Lived : 56 years ) July 4, 1946 April 15, 1948 Liberal ( 1946 ) 5 ( 1946 ) ( 1948 ) Elpidio Quirino July 4, 1946 -- April 17, 1948 Vacant April 15 -- 17, 1948 6 Elpidio Quirino 1890 -- 1956 ( Lived : 65 years ) April 17, 1948 December 30, 1953 Liberal Vacant April 17, 1948 -- December 30, 1949 ( 1949 ) 6 ( 1949 ) Fernando Lopez December 30, 1949 -- December 30, 1953 7 Ramon Magsaysay 1907 -- 1957 ( Lived : 49 years ) December 30, 1953 March 17, 1957 Nacionalista ( 1953 ) 7 ( 1953 ) ( 1957 ) Carlos P. Garcia 8 Carlos P. Garcia 1896 -- 1971 ( Lived : 74 years ) March 18, 1957 December 30, 1961 Nacionalista Vacant March 18 -- December 30, 1957 ( 1957 ) 8 ( 1957 ) Diosdado Macapagal December 30, 1957 -- December 30, 1961 9 5 Diosdado Macapagal 1910 -- 1997 ( Lived : 86 years ) December 30, 1961 December 30, 1965 Liberal ( 1961 ) 9 ( 1961 ) Emmanuel Pelaez 10 6 Ferdinand E. Marcos 1917 -- 1989 ( Lived : 72 years ) December 30, 1965 February 25, 1986 Nacionalista ( 1965 ) 10 ( 1965 ) Fernando Lopez December 30, 1965 -- September 23, 1972 ( 1969 ) 11 ( 1969 ) None September 23, 1972 -- February 25, 1986 KBL ( 1981 ) 12 ( 1981 ) 1972 -- 87 : Fourth Republic President Ferdinand E. Marcos ruled by decree when he declared martial law on September 21, 1972. He inaugurated the `` New Society '' after a new constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973. He declared the Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted. Presidents of the Fourth Philippine Republic No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. 10 Ferdinand E. Marcos 1917 -- 1989 ( Lived : 72 years ) December 30, 1965 February 25, 1986 Nacionalista ( 1965 ) 10 ( 1965 ) Fernando Lopez December 30, 1965 -- September 23, 1972 ( 1969 ) 11 ( 1969 ) None September 23, 1972 -- February 25, 1986 KBL ( 1981 ) 12 ( 1981 ) 11 Corazon C. Aquino 1933 -- 2009 ( Lived : 76 years ) February 25, 1986 June 30, 1992 UNIDO ( 1986 ) 13 ( 1986 ) Salvador H. Laurel 1987 -- present : Fifth Republic President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Fifth Republic after the present constitution was ratified. The plebiscite happened on February 2, 1987. Presidents of the Fifth Philippine Republic No. overall No. in era Portrait Name ( Birth -- Death ) Took office Left office Party Term Vice President Refs. 11 Corazon C. Aquino 1933 -- 2009 ( Lived : 76 years ) February 25, 1986 June 30, 1992 UNIDO ( 1986 ) 13 ( 1986 ) Salvador H. Laurel 12 Fidel V. Ramos Born 1928 ( 90 years old ) June 30, 1992 June 30, 1998 Lakas -- NUCD ( 1992 ) 14 ( 1992 ) Joseph Ejercito Estrada 13 Joseph Ejercito Estrada Born 1937 ( 81 years old ) June 30, 1998 January 20, 2001 LAMMP ( 1998 ) 15 ( 1998 ) ( 2001 ) Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo 14 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Born 1947 ( 71 years old ) January 20, 2001 June 30, 2010 Lakas -- NUCD Vacant January 20 -- February 7, 2001 Teofisto Guingona Jr. February 7, 2001 -- June 30, 2004 Lakas -- Kampi -- CMD ( 2004 ) 16 ( 2004 ) Noli L. de Castro June 30, 2004 -- June 30, 2010 15 5 Benigno S. Aquino III Born 1960 ( 58 years old ) June 30, 2010 June 30, 2016 Liberal ( 2010 ) 17 ( 2010 ) Jejomar C. Binay 16 6 Rodrigo Duterte Born 1945 ( 73 years old ) June 30, 2016 Incumbent PDP -- Laban ( 2016 ) 18 ( 2016 ) Maria Leonor G. Robredo Timeline See also : List of Presidents of the Philippines by time in office See also Philippines portal President of the Philippines List of unofficial Presidents of the Philippines First Lady or First Gentleman of the Philippines Vice President of the Philippines List of Vice Presidents of the Philippines Prime Minister of the Philippines Constitution of the Philippines Timeline of Philippine history List of current heads of state and government List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines List of recorded datu in the Philippines Governor - General of the Philippines Notes Jump up ^ The President has three official residences, with the Malacañang Palace Complex as the principal abode and workplace. The other two are Mansion House in Baguio, the official summer residence, and Malacañang sa Sugbo ( Malacañang of Cebu ), the official residence in Cebu. ^ Jump up to : In chronological order, the presidents started with Manuel Luis M. Quezon, who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president, until the recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo and José P. Laurel 's presidencies in the 1960s. With Aguinaldo as the first president and Laurel as the third, Quezon and Osmeña are thus listed as the second and the fourth, respectively. Jump up ^ Emilio Aguinaldo, the official first president, was elected by the Malolos Congress and not by popular vote. ^ Jump up to : For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, Manuel Luis M. Quezon was elected in two consecutive terms and is counted as the second president ( not the second and third ). Upon the death of fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the sixth president even though he simply served out the remainder of Roxas ' term and was not elected to the presidency in his own right. Jump up ^ Term ended when Aguinaldo was captured by US forces in Palanan, Isabela, during the Philippine -- American War. ^ Jump up to : Later sought election or re-election to a non-consecutive term. Jump up ^ The Malolos Constitution did not provide for a vice president. Jump up ^ Term began with the formal establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth. Jump up ^ Died, in office, of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York. Jump up ^ Term was originally until November 15, 1943, due to constitutional limitations as provided by the 1940 amendment of the 1935 Constitution, which shortened the terms of the president and the vice president from six to four years but allowed re-election. Quezon was not intended to serve the full four years of the second term he won in the 1941 election because a ten - year presidency would have been considered excessive. In 1943, however, due to World War II, he and Vice President Sergio Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to take an emergency oath of office, extending their tenure. ^ Jump up to : See § 1943 -- 45 : Second Republic. ^ Jump up to : Unseated ( lost re-election ). Jump up ^ Sought an election for a full term, but was unsuccessful. ^ Jump up to : Prior to the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the vice presidency could be filled. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Constitution when she appointe Teofisto Guingona Jr. ^ Jump up to : The Liberal Party was not yet a party in itself at the time, but only a wing of the Nacionalista Party. It split and became a separate party by 1947. Jump up ^ Term began with the establishment of Japan 's puppet Second Republic after it occupied the Philippines during World War II. The Commonwealth continued its existence as a government in exile in Australia and the United States. The Philippines had two concurrent presidents by this time : a de jure ( the Commonwealth president ) and a de facto ( Laurel ). Because of his status, he was not considered a legitimate president until the 1960s. Jump up ^ Term ended when he dissolved the Second Republic in the wake of Japan 's surrender to the Allies two days prior. The Commonwealth was re-established in the Philippines, with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president. Jump up ^ Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party, but was elected by the National Assembly under the Japanese - organized KALIBAPI, a `` non-political service organization '' as it described itself. All pre-war parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI. Jump up ^ The 1943 Constitution did not provide for a vice president. Jump up ^ The Third Republic began when the Philippine Commonwealth ended on July 4, 1946. Jump up ^ Died, in office, of a heart attack in Clark Air Base, Pampanga. Jump up ^ The Liberal Party was split into two opposing wings for the 1949 election : the Avelino wing, led by presidential aspirant José Avelino, and the Quirino wing. Jump up ^ Died, in office, in a plane crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu. ^ Jump up to : Deposed in the People Power Revolution. ^ Jump up to : Term ended upon Marcos ' declaration of martial law. ^ Jump up to : Imposed martial law, as a self - coup, on September 23, 1972, through Proclamation No. 1081, shortly before the end of his second and final term in 1973. General Order No. 1, which detailed the transfer of all powers to the president, was also issued, enabling Marcos to rule by decree. ^ Jump up to : Served concurrently as prime minister from June 12, 1978, to June 30, 1981. ^ Jump up to : The 1973 Constitution was amended through a plebiscite held on January 27, 1984 to re-establish the vice presidency. ^ Jump up to : The 1973 Constitution, as amended in 1981, did not place restrictions on re-election. Jump up ^ Martial law was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045, marking the beginning of the Fourth Republic. ^ Jump up to : Assumed presidency by claiming victory in the disputed 1986 snap election. Jump up ^ Corazon Aquino promulgated a provisional constitution called the 1986 Freedom Constitution on March 25, 1986. It remained in effect until it was supplanted by the current constitution on February 2, 17 87, which ushered the Fifth Republic. Jump up ^ Deposed after the Supreme Court declared Estrada as resigned, and, as a result, the office of the president vacant, after the Second EDSA Revolution. Jump up ^ Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan ( Coalition of Truth and Experience for Tomorrow ). Subnotes Jump up ^ Cite error : The named reference MalolosRepublic was invoked but never defined ( see the help page ). ^ Jump up to : The Second Republic was later declared by the Supreme Court of the Philippines as a de facto, illegitimate government on September 17, 1945. Its laws were considered null and void ; despite this, Laurel was included in the official roster of Philippine presidents in the 1960s. ^ Jump up to : Emilio F. Aguinaldo would be counted as the second president if he had won the 1935 election because the presidency was abolished and remained defunct until November 15, 1935. During that period, the executive power was exercised by the Governor - General of the US military government and the Insular Government, the precursor of the Philippine Commonwealth. Jump up ^ Aguinaldo took the oath of allegiance to the US nine days later, effectively ending the republic. ^ Jump up to : Before the ratification of the 1981 amendment of the 1973 Constitution, which removed the limit on re-election to the office for another six - year term, presidents were elected to a four - year term with the possibility of re-election, as the amended 1935 Constitution specified : `` No person shall serve as ( p ) resident for more than eight consecutive years. '' When the 1987 Constitution was imposed and, in effect, superseded the previous constitutions, the president is no longer eligible for any re-election. It does, however, allow a person who had assumed the presidency to seek for a full six - year term if he or she has not yet `` served as such for more than four years ''. Jump up ^ The Commonwealth had already been temporarily restored in Tacloban on October 23, 1944, during the Battle of Leyte, before it was proclaimed `` reestablished as provided by law '' on February 27, 1945. ^ Jump up to : Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath of office on February 25, 1986. In effect, the Philippines again had two simultaneous presidents, albeit for nine hours only. Marcos was proclaimed on February 15 the winner of the widely denounced February 7 snap election, which he called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief rival and Corazon 's wife, was assassinated in 1983. However, in a separate NAMFREL tally dated February 16, Aquino was found the actual duly - elected president. The events led to the People Power Revolution on February 22 -- 25, which forced Marcos to leave to exile in Hawaii and installed Aquino to the office. ^ Jump up to : Accounts differ on when martial law was officially established. While sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Proclamation No. 1081 was signed on September 23, 1972, Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist for Marcos, and the Bangkok Post stated that it was on September 17, only postdated to September 21 because of Marcos ' numerological beliefs that were related to the number seven. Marcos claimed to have signed it on September 21, and as of 9 p.m. Philippine Standard Time ( UTC + 08 : 00 ) on September 22, the country was under martial law. He formally announced it in a live television and radio broadcast on September 23. The official date when martial law was set was on September 21 ( because it was a date that was divisible by seven ), but September 23 is generally considered the correct date because it was when the nation was informed and thus the proclamation was put into full effect. ^ Jump up to : On January 17, 1973, while martial law was still in effect, the 1973 Constitution was ratified, which suspended the 1935 Constitution and ended the Third Republic. What Marcos called a New Society ( Bagong Lipunan ) began, introducing a parliamentary form of government ; the vice presidency was abolished and the presidential succession provision was devolved to the prime minister. References Jump up ^ Ortiguero, Romsanne ( October 22, 2014 ). `` TRAVEL Inside Malacañang Complex, 3 places to visit for a charming date with history ''. News5. TV5. Archived from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Mansion House ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Sisante, Jam ( August 6, 2010 ). `` Malacañang sa Sugbo still the president 's official residence in Cebu ''. GMA News and Public Affairs. GMA Network. Retrieved June 20, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` The Executive Branch ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 18, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. Jump up ^ Tucker 2009, p. 8 ^ Jump up to : Cite error : The named reference FirstRep was invoked but never defined ( see the help page ). ^ Jump up to : Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 281 ^ Jump up to : `` The Commonwealth of the Philippines ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved July 8, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Emilio Aguinaldo ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, p. 203 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 62 -- 64 ^ Jump up to : Jose, Ricardo T. ( 1997 ). Afterword. His Excellency Jose P. Laurel, President of the Second Philippine Republic : Speeches, Messages and Statements, October 14, 1943 to December 19, 1944. By Laurel, José P. Manila : Lyceum of the Philippines in cooperation with the José P. Laurel Memorial Foundation. ISBN 971 - 91847 - 2 - 8. Retrieved June 18, 2016 -- via Presidential Museum and Library. Jump up ^ Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( September 3, 1945 ). `` The Philippines : End of a Puppet ''. Time. Retrieved July 5, 2016. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). ^ Jump up to : `` Today is the birth anniversary of President Jose P. Laurel ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 18, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( October 14, 2015 ). `` Second Philippine Republic ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Declaration of Martial Law ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 18, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Tejero, Constantino C. ( November 8, 2015 ). `` The real Manuel Luis Quezon, beyond the posture and bravura ''. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 16, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( April 16, 1948 ). `` Heart Attack Fatal to Philippine Pres. Roxas ''. Schenectady Gazette. Manila. Retrieved June 16, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Death Anniversary of President Ramon Magsaysay ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. March 17, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Philippine Presidents ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ Quezon, Manuel Luis M. ( December 30, 1941 ). `` Second Inaugural Address of President Quezon ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved July 22, 2016. Jump up ^ Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( October 19, 1961 ). `` Sergio Osmena, Second President of the Philippines ''. Toledo Blade. Manila : Block Communications. Retrieved July 22, 2016. Jump up ^ Pascual, Federico D., Jr. ( September 26, 2010 ). `` Macapagal legacy casts shadow on today 's issues ''. The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, 2016. Jump up ^ Tucker 2009, p. 496 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 125 -- 126 Jump up ^ `` 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 21, 2016. ^ Jump up to : The 1935 Constitution : `` The 1935 Constitution ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved 21 June 2016. `` 1935 Constitution amended ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved 21 June 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Office of the Vice President ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 21, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Manuel L. Quezon ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 204 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 54 -- 56 Jump up ^ `` Sergio Osmeña ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 206 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 74 -- 76 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 78 ^ Jump up to : `` Manuel Roxas ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, p. 207 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, p. 72 Jump up ^ Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 415 Jump up ^ Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( September 4, 2012 ). `` Sergio Osmeña : Remembering the Grand Old Man of Cebu ''. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved July 23, 2016. Jump up ^ MacArthur, Douglas ( February 27, 1945 ). `` Speech of General Douglas MacArthur upon turning over to President Sergio Osmena the full powers and responsibilities of the Commonwealth Government under the Constitution ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved July 24, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Jose P. Laurel ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 66 -- 67 Jump up ^ `` The 1943 Constitution ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 22, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 205 ^ Jump up to : `` Third Republic ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( November 16, 2012 ). `` The ritual climbing of the main stairs of... '' Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2016 -- via Tumblr. On the morning of April 17, 1948, Vice President Elpidio Quirino -- fresh off a coast guard cutter from the Visayas -- ascended the staircase to pay his respects to the departed President Manuel Roxas, and to take his oath of office as ( p ) resident of the Philippines. The country had been without a ( p ) resident for two days. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 80 -- 82 Jump up ^ `` Elpidio Quirino ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 208 Jump up ^ Staff writer ( s ) ; no by - line. ( March 18, 1957 ). `` Magsaysay Dead in Plane Crash ''. St. Petersburg Times. Manila : Times Publishing Company. Retrieved June 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Ramon Magsaysay ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 209 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 85 -- 88 Jump up ^ `` Carlos P. Garcia ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 210 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 91 -- 93 Jump up ^ `` Diosdado Macapagal ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 211 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 96 -- 98 ^ Jump up to : Reaves, Joseph A. ( February 26, 1986 ). `` Marcos Flees, Aquino Rules ''. Chicago Tribune. Manila : Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 9, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Resolution No. 38 ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. February 15, 1986. Retrieved July 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Chandler & Steinberg 1987, pp. 431 -- 442 Jump up ^ `` 1986 Tally Board ''. National Citizens ' Movement for Free Elections. February 16, 1986. Retrieved July 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 132 -- 134 ^ Jump up to : `` Ferdinand E. Marcos ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, p. 212 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 101 -- 104 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 108 -- 110 Jump up ^ Sicat, Gerardo P. ( September 23, 2015 ). `` Marcos and his failure to provide for an orderly political succession ''. The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 9, 2016. The transitional nature of the political system according to the 1973 Constitution was left undefined in view of the martial law government. This constitution adopted a British - style parliamentary system. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 130 ^ Jump up to : `` Corazon C. Aquino ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016. ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, p. 213 ^ Jump up to : `` Philippine Constitutions ''. Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 25, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Fidel V. Ramos ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 214 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 142 -- 143 Jump up ^ Calica, Aurea ( January 21, 2001 ). `` SC : People 's welfare is the supreme law ''. The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 18, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Joseph Ejercito Estrada ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 215 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 147 -- 149 Jump up ^ `` Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 216 ^ Jump up to : PCDSPO 2015, pp. 153 -- 155 Jump up ^ `` Benigno S. Aquino III ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, p. 217 Jump up ^ PCDSPO 2015, pp. 159 -- 161 Jump up ^ `` Presidency and Vice Presidency by the Numbers : Rodrigo Roa Duterte and Leni Robredo ''. Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved July 13, 2016. Works cited Agoncillo, Teodoro A. ; Guerrero, Milagros C. ( 1970 ). History of the Filipino People ( 3rd ed. ). Malaya Books. Chandler, David Porter ; Steinberg, David Joel ( 1987 ). In Search of Southeast Asia : A Modern History ( Revised ed. ). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0 - 8248 - 1110 - 0. Guevara, Sulpicio, ed. ( 2005 ) ( 1898 ). The laws of the first Philippine Republic ( the laws of Malolos ) 1898 -- 1899. Compiled, edited, and translated into English by Sulpicio Guevara. Manila : National Historical Institute ( published 1972 ). ISBN 971 - 538 - 055 - 7 -- via University of Michigan Library. Philippine Electoral Almanac ( PDF ) ( Revised and expanded ed. ). Manila : Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 2015. ISBN 978 - 971 - 95551 - 6 - 2 -- via Internet Archive. Tucker, Spencer, ed. ( 2009 ). The Encyclopedia of the Spanish - American and Philippine - American Wars : A Political, Social, and Military History. 1 ( Illustrated ed. ). ABC - CLIO. ISBN 978 - 1 - 85109 - 951 - 1. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Presidents of the Philippines. Presidential Website Office of the President of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library Philippines at worldstatesmen.org Presidents of the Philippines List First Republic ( 1899 -- 1901 ) Emilio Aguinaldo Commonwealth ( 1935 -- 46 ) Manuel L. Quezon Sergio Osmeña Manuel Roxas Second Republic ( 1943 -- 44 ) José P. Laurel Third Republic ( 1946 -- 73 ) Manuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos New Society ( 1973 -- 81 ) Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic ( 1981 -- 86 ) Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino Fifth Republic ( 1986 -- present ) Corazon Aquino Fidel Ramos Joseph Estrada Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Benigno Aquino III Rodrigo Duterte Philippine presidential inaugurations Aguinaldo 1897 1899 Quezon 1935 1941 1943 Laurel ( 1943 ) Osmeña ( 1944 ) * Roxas 1946 1946 Quirino 1948 * 1949 Magsaysay ( 1953 ) Garcia 1957 * 1957 Macapagal ( 1961 ) Marcos 1965 1969 1978 * * 1981 1986 C. Aquino ( 1986 ) * Ramos ( 1992 ) Estrada ( 1998 ) Macapagal - Arroyo 2001 * B.S. Aquino III ( 2010 ) Duterte ( 2016 ) * Non-scheduled ( extraordinary ) inaugurations. * * Confirmation as Prime Minister. Lists related to the Presidents and Vice Presidents of the Philippines List of Presidents List of Vice Presidents Presidents Birth Longevity Lifespan Time in office Time as former president Professional careers Previous executive experience Inaugurations Personal life Education Province Religious affiliation Candidates Tickets Former presidents who pursued public office Other Elections First Ladies and Gentlemen Currency appearances Unofficial Presidents Vice Presidents Birth Death Time in office Personal life Place of primary affiliation Second Ladies and Gentlemen Succession Line of succession Leaders of present - day Southeast Asian countries Heads of state Brunei ( Monarch ) Cambodia ( Monarch ) East Timor ( President ) Indonesia ( President ) ( list ) Laos ( President ) Malaysia ( Monarch ) Myanmar ( President ) ( list ) Philippines ( President ) ( list ) Singapore ( President ) Thailand ( Monarch ) ( list ) Vietnam ( President ) ( list ) Heads of government Brunei Cambodia ( list ) East Timor Indonesia ( list ) Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines ( list ) Singapore Thailand ( list ) Vietnam ( list ) Defunct heads of state and government Burma ( Monarch ) Dutch East Indies ( Governor - General ) Indonesia ( Prime Minister ) Laos ( Monarch ) Myanmar ( Prime Minister ) Philippines ( Consorts ) ( Governor - General ) ( Prime Minister ) Vietnam ( Monarch ) South Vietnam ( leaders ) ASEAN Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Presidents_of_the_Philippines&oldid=842481506 '' Categories : Lists of national presidents Lists of political office - holders in the Philippines Lists of Presidents of the Philippines Presidents of the Philippines Hidden categories : Articles containing Filipino - language text Pages with reference errors Pages with broken reference names Pages containing links to subscription - only content Use mdy dates from June 2016 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bikol Central Català Čeština Dansk Eesti Español Français Galego 한국어 Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Basa Jawa Kapampangan ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Occitan Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Українська Winaray 中文 24 more Edit links This page was last edited on 22 May 2018, at 18 : 53. 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Question: president of the third republic in the philippines
Answer: Manuel A. Roxas