Bud - wikipedia Bud `` Flower bud '' redirects here. For EP of GFriend, see Flower Bud ( EP ). For other uses, see Bud ( disambiguation ). European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) bud In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots, or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in zoology, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual. Contents 1 Overview 2 Types of buds 2.1 Image gallery 3 Within botany 4 References Overview Inflorescence bud scales in Halesia carolina The buds of many woody plants, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving a series of horizontally - elongated scars on the surface of the growing stem. By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year 's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches can not be determined by this means. In many plants scales do not form over the bud, and the bud is then called a naked bud. The minute underdeveloped leaves in such buds are often excessively hairy. Naked buds are found in some shrubs, like some species of the Sumac and Viburnums ( Viburnum alnifolium and V. lantana ) and in herbaceous plants. In many of the latter, buds are even more reduced, often consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells in the axils of leaves. A terminal bud occurs on the end of a stem and lateral buds are found on the side. A head of cabbage ( see Brassica ) is an exceptionally large terminal bud, while Brussels sprouts are large lateral buds. Since buds are formed in the axils of leaves, their distribution on the stem is the same as that of leaves. There are alternate, opposite, and whorled buds, as well as the terminal bud at the tip of the stem. In many plants buds appear in unexpected places : these are known as adventitious buds. Often it is possible to find a bud in a remarkable series of gradations of bud scales. In the buckeye, for example, one may see a complete gradation from the small brown outer scale through larger scales which on unfolding become somewhat green to the inner scales of the bud, which are remarkably leaf - like. Such a series suggests that the scales of the bud are in truth leaves, modified to protect the more delicate parts of the plant during unfavorable periods. Types of buds Plant buds classification Terminal, vegetative bud of Ficus carica Buds are often useful in the identification of plants, especially for woody plants in winter when leaves have fallen. Buds may be classified and described according to different criteria : location, status, morphology, and function. Botanists commonly use the following terms : for location : terminal, when located at the tip of a stem ( apical is equivalent but rather reserved for the one at the top of the plant ) ; axillary, when located in the axil of a leaf ( lateral is the equivalent but some adventitious buds may be lateral too ) ; adventitious, when occurring elsewhere, for example on trunk or on roots ( some adventitious buds may be former axillary ones reduced and hidden under the bark, other adventitious buds are completely new formed ones ). for status : accessory, for secondary buds formed besides a principal bud ( axillary or terminal ) ; resting, for buds that form at the end of a growth season, which will lie dormant until onset of the next growth season ; dormant or latent, for buds whose growth has been delayed for a rather long time. The term is usable as a synonym of resting, but is better employed for buds waiting undeveloped for years, for example epicormic buds ; pseudoterminal, for an axillary bud taking over the function of a terminal bud ( characteristic of species whose growth is sympodial : terminal bud dies and is replaced by the closer axillary bud, for examples beech, persimmon, Platanus have sympodial growth ). for morphology : scaly or covered ( perulate ), when scales, also referred to as a perule ( lat. perula, perulaei ) ( which are in fact transformed and reduced leaves ) cover and protect the embryonic parts ; naked, when not covered by scales ; hairy, when also protected by hairs ( it may apply either to scaly or to naked buds ). for function : vegetative, if only containing vegetative pieces : embryonic shoot with leaves ( a leaf bud is the same ) ; reproductive, if containing embryonic flower ( s ) ( a flower bud is the same ) ; mixed, if containing both embryonic leaves and flowers. Image gallery Buds Alnus glutinosa bud Tilia bud Black buds of a European ash, Fraxinus excelsior An opening inflorescence bud at left, that will develop like the one to its right Inflorescence bud of a sunflower A quince 's flower bud with spirally folded petals Opening Nelumbo flower buds Opening Coreopsis tinctoria flower buds Within botany The term bud ( as in budding ) is used by analogy within zoology as well, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which develops into a new individual. It is a form of asexual reproduction limited to animals or plants of relatively simple structure. In this process a portion of the wall of the parent cell softens and pushes out. The protuberance thus formed enlarges rapidly while at this time the nucleus of the parent cell divides ( see : mitosis, meiosis ). One of the resulting nuclei passes into the bud, and then the bud is cut off from its parent cell and the process is repeated. Often the daughter cell will begin to bud before it becomes separated from the parent, so that whole colonies of adhering cells may be formed. Eventually cross walls cut off the bud from the original cell. References Jump up ^ Walters, Dirk R., and David J. Keil. 1996. Vascular plant taxonomy. Dubuque, Iowa : Kendall / Hunt Pub. Co. page 598. Jump up ^ Cronquist, Arthur, and Henry A. Gleason. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, New York : New York Botanical Garden Press. page 512. Jump up ^ Coulter, John G. 1913. Plant life and plant uses ; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. New York : American book company. page 188 Jump up ^ Trelease, W. ( 1967 ) ( 1931 ), Winter botany : An Identification Guide to Native Trees and Shrubs, New York : Dover Publications, Inc, ISBN 0486218007 Botany History of botany Subdisciplines Plant systematics Ethnobotany Paleobotany Plant anatomy Plant ecology Phytogeography Geobotany Flora Phytochemistry Plant pathology Bryology Phycology Floristics Dendrology Plant groups Algae Archaeplastida Bryophyte Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Spermatophytes Pteridophyte Gymnosperm Angiosperm Plant morphology ( glossary ) Plant cells Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole Tissues Meristem Vascular tissue Vascular bundle Ground tissue Mesophyll Cork Wood Storage organs Vegetative Root Rhizoid Bulb Rhizome Shoot Stem Leaf Petiole Cataphyll Bud Sessility Reproductive ( Flower ) Flower development Inflorescence Umbel Raceme Bract Pedicellate Flower Whorl Floral symmetry Floral diagram Floral formula Receptacle Hypanthium ( Floral cup ) Perianth Tepal Petal Sepal Sporophyll Gynoecium Ovary Ovule Stigma Archegonium Androecium Stamen Staminode Pollen Tapetum Gynandrium Gametophyte Sporophyte Plant embryo Fruit Fruit anatomy Berry Capsule Seed Seed dispersal Endosperm Surface structures Epicuticular wax Plant cuticle Epidermis Stoma Nectary Trichome Prickle Plant physiology Materials Nutrition Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Plant hormone Transpiration Turgor pressure Bulk flow Aleurone Phytomelanin Sugar Sap Starch Cellulose Plant growth and habit Secondary growth Woody plants Herbaceous plants Habit Vines Lianas Shrubs Subshrubs Trees Succulent plants Reproduction Evolution Ecology Alternation of generations Sporangium Spore Microsporangia Microspore Megasporangium Megaspore Pollination Pollinators Pollen tube Double fertilization Germination Evolutionary development Evolutionary history timeline Plant taxonomy History of plant systematics Herbarium Biological classification Botanical nomenclature Botanical name Correct name Author citation International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( ICN ) - for Cultivated Plants ( ICNCP ) Taxonomic rank International Association for Plant Taxonomy ( IAPT ) Plant taxonomy systems Cultivated plant taxonomy Citrus taxonomy cultigen cultivar Group grex Practice Agronomy Floriculture Forestry Horticulture Lists Related topics Botanical terms Botanists by author abbreviation GND : 4164311 - 2 NDL : 00567548 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bud&oldid=850466705 '' Categories : Plant physiology Botany Plant morphology Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Беларуская Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം მარგალური Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Norsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots සිංහල Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు Türkçe Українська 粵語 Žemaitėška 44 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 July 2018, at 01 : 59 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is a terminal bud on a plant
Answer: occurs on the end of a stem