Transference - wikipedia Transference For other uses, see Transference ( disambiguation ). The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. ( October 2017 ) Part of a series of articles on Psychoanalysis Concepts Psychosexual development Psychosocial development ( Erikson ) Unconscious Preconscious Consciousness Psychic apparatus Id, ego and super-ego Libido Drive Transference Countertransference Ego defenses Resistance Projection Denial Dreamwork Important figures Karl Abraham Alfred Adler Michael Balint Wilfred Bion Josef Breuer Nancy Chodorow Max Eitingon Erik Erikson Ronald Fairbairn Paul Federn Otto Fenichel Sándor Ferenczi Anna Freud Sigmund Freud Erich Fromm Harry Guntrip Karen Horney Edith Jacobson Ernest Jones Carl Jung Abram Kardiner Heinz Kohut Melanie Klein Jacques Lacan Ronald Laing Margaret Mahler Jacques - Alain Miller Sandor Rado Otto Rank Wilhelm Reich Joan Riviere Isidor Sadger Ernst Simmel Sabina Spielrein Wilhelm Stekel James Strachey Harry Stack Sullivan Susan Sutherland Isaacs Donald Winnicott Important works The Interpretation of Dreams ( 1899 ) The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ( 1901 ) Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality ( 1905 ) Beyond the Pleasure Principle ( 1920 ) The Ego and the Id ( 1923 ) Schools of thought Self psychology Lacanian Jungian Object relations Interpersonal Reichian Relational Ego psychology Training Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis British Psychoanalytic Council British Psychoanalytical Society Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research International Psychoanalytical Association World Association of Psychoanalysis Psychology portal Transference ( German : Übertragung ) is a theoretical phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of the feelings a person has about a second person to feelings the first person has about a third person. It usually concerns feelings from an important second - person relationship from childhood, and is sometimes considered inappropriate. Transference was first described by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who considered it an important part of treatment in psychoanalysis. Contents 1 Occurrence 2 Transference and countertransference during psychotherapy 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Occurrence It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners or children ( that is, cross-generational entanglements ). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance, or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue. A modern, social - cognitive perspective on transference explains how it can occur in everyday life. When people meet a new person who reminds them of someone else, they unconsciously infer that the new person has traits similar to the person previously known. This perspective has generated a wealth of research that illuminated how people tend to repeat relationship patterns from the past in the present. High - profile serial killers often transfer unresolved rage toward previous love or hate - objects onto `` surrogates '', or individuals resembling or otherwise calling to mind the original object of that hate. It is believed in the instance of Ted Bundy, he repeatedly killed brunette women who reminded him of a previous girlfriend with whom he had become infatuated, but who had ended the relationship, leaving Ted rejected and pathologically rageful ( Bundy, however, denied this as a motivating factor in his crimes ). This notwithstanding, Bundy 's behavior could be considered pathological insofar as he may have had narcissistic or antisocial personality disorder. If so, normal transference mechanisms can not be held causative of his homicidal behavior. Sigmund Freud held that transference plays a large role in male homosexuality. In The Ego and the Id, he claimed that eroticism between males can be an outcome of a `` ( psychically ) non-economic '' hostility, which is unconsciously subverted into love and sexual attraction. Transference and countertransference during psychotherapy In a therapy context, transference refers to redirection of a patient 's feelings for a significant person to the therapist. Transference is often manifested as an erotic attraction towards a therapist, but can be seen in many other forms such as rage, hatred, mistrust, parentification, extreme dependence, or even placing the therapist in a god - like or guru status. When Freud initially encountered transference in his therapy with patients, he thought he was encountering patient resistance, as he recognized the phenomenon when a patient refused to participate in a session of free association. But what he learned was that the analysis of the transference was actually the work that needed to be done : `` the transference, which, whether affectionate or hostile, seemed in every case to constitute the greatest threat to the treatment, becomes its best tool ''. The focus in psychodynamic psychotherapy is, in large part, the therapist and patient recognizing the transference relationship and exploring the relationship 's meaning. Since the transference between patient and therapist happens on an unconscious level, psychodynamic therapists who are largely concerned with a patient 's unconscious material use the transference to reveal unresolved conflicts patients have with childhood figures. Countertransference is defined as redirection of a therapist 's feelings toward a patient, or more generally, as a therapist 's emotional entanglement with a patient. A therapist 's attunement to their own countertransference is nearly as critical as understanding the transference. Not only does this help therapists regulate their emotions in the therapeutic relationship, but it also gives therapists valuable insight into what patients are attempting to elicit in them. For example, a therapist who is sexually attracted to a patient must understand the countertransference aspect ( if any ) of the attraction, and look at how the patient might be eliciting this attraction. Once any countertransference aspect has been identified, the therapist can ask the patient what his or her feelings are toward the therapist, and can explore how those feelings relate to unconscious motivations, desires, or fears. Another contrasting perspective on transference and countertransference is offered in classical Adlerian psychotherapy. Rather than using the patient 's transference strategically in therapy, the positive or negative transference is diplomatically pointed out and explained as an obstacle to cooperation and improvement. For the therapist, any signs of countertransference would suggest that his or her own personal training analysis needs to be continued to overcome these tendencies. Andrea Celenza noted in 2010 that `` the use of the analyst 's countertransference remains a point of controversy ''. See also Acting in Body - centred countertransference Demand ( psychoanalysis ) Displacement ( psychology ) Infatuation § In transference Parallel process Parataxic distortion Projective identification Psychological projection Repetition compulsion Transference neurosis Working through Notes Jump up ^ Kapelovitz, Leonard H. ( 1987 ). To Love and To Work / A Demonstration and Discussion of Psychotherapy. p. 66. Jump up ^ Webster 's New Collegiate Dictionary ( 8th ed. 1976 ). Jump up ^ Webster 's New World Dictionary of the American Language ( 2nd College Ed. 1970 ). Jump up ^ Jung, Carl C. The Psychology of the Transference, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0 - 691 - 01752 - 2 Jump up ^ Andersen, S.M. & Berk., M. ( 1998 ). The social - cognitive model of transference : Experiencing past relationships in the present. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7 ( 4 ), 109 - 115. Jump up ^ `` Michaels, S.G., & Aynesworth, H. ( 2000 ). Ted Bundy : Conversations with a killer, Dallas : Authorlink. Jump up ^ Describing Ted Bundy 's Personality and Working towards DSM - V. Douglas B. Samuel and Thomas A. Widiger. Department of Psychology at the University of Kentucky. Independent Practitioner ( 2007 ), 27 ( 1 ), pp. 20 -- 22. Jump up ^ Freud, S. ( 1960 ). The ego and the id. J. Strachey ( Ed. ). ( J. Riviere, Trans. ). New York : W.W. Norton. ( Original work published 1923 ) Jump up ^ Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis ( PFL 1 ) p. 496 Jump up ^ Horacio Etchegoyen : The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique, Karnac Books ed., New Ed, 2005, ISBN 1 - 85575 - 455 - X Jump up ^ Celenza, Andrea ( October 2010 ). `` The guilty pleasure of erotic countertransference : searching for radial true ''. Studies in Gender and Sexuality. 11 ( 4 ) : 175 -- 183. doi : 10.1080 / 15240657.2010. 513222. Archived from the original on 2012 - 02 - 23. References Heinrich Racker, Transference and Counter-Transference, Publisher : International Universities Press, 2001, ISBN 0 - 8236 - 8323 - 0. Herbert A Rosenfeld, Impasse And Interpretation, 1987, Taylor & Francis Ltd, ISBN 0 - 415 - 01012 - 8. Harold Searles, Countertransference and related subjects ; selected papers, Publisher New York, International Universities Press, 1979, ISBN 0 - 8236 - 1085 - 3. Horacio Etchegoyen, The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique, Publisher : Karnac Books, 2005, ISBN 1 - 85575 - 455 - X. Margaret Little, Transference Neurosis and Transference Psychosis, Publisher : Jason Aronson ; 1993, ISBN 1 - 56821 - 074 - 4. Nathan Schwartz - Salant, Transference and Countertransference, Publisher : Chrion, 1984 ( Reissued 1992 ), ISBN 0 - 933029 - 63 - 2. External links On Transference, Freudian quotes on transference. Psychotherapy ( list ) Schools Psychodynamic Psychoanalysis Adlerian therapy Analytical therapy Mentalization - based treatment Transference focused psychotherapy Cognitive and behavioral Behavior therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive therapy Compassion focused therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Rational emotive behavior therapy Combined with Applied behavior analysis Clinical behavior analysis or CBA Functional analytic psychotherapy Acceptance and commitment therapy List Humanistic Person - centered therapy Emotionally focused therapy Existential therapy Focusing Gestalt therapy Logotherapy Other Art therapy Dance therapy Feminist therapy Multimodal therapy Music therapy Narrative therapy Play therapy Reality therapy Systemic therapy Transactional analysis List Integrative Eclectic psychotherapy Integrative psychotherapy Transtheoretical model Approaches Brief psychotherapy Counseling Online counseling Residential treatment Self - help Support groups Research Clinical formulation Clinical pluralism Common factors theory History Practitioner -- scholar model Society for Psychotherapy Research Techniques Behaviour therapy Aversion therapy Applied behavior analysis ( ABA ) ( formerly Behavior modification ) Desensitization Homework Other individual therapy Autogenic training Biofeedback Cognitive restructuring Exposure therapy Free association Hypnotherapy Group psychotherapy Family therapy Psychodrama Sensitivity training Relationship counseling People Philippe Pinel ( 1745 -- 1826 ) Josef Breuer ( 1842 -- 1925 ) Sigmund Freud ( 1856 -- 1939 ) Pierre Janet ( 1859 -- 1947 ) Alfred Adler ( 1870 -- 1937 ) Sándor Ferenczi ( 1873 -- 1933 ) Carl Jung ( 1875 -- 1961 ) Ludwig Binswanger ( 1881 -- 1966 ) Melanie Klein ( 1882 -- 1960 ) Otto Rank ( 1884 -- 1939 ) Karen Horney ( 1885 -- 1952 ) Harry Stack Sullivan ( 1892 -- 1949 ) Fritz Perls ( 1893 -- 1970 ) Anna Freud ( 1895 -- 1982 ) Donald Winnicott ( 1896 -- 1971 ) Wilhelm Reich ( 1897 -- 1957 ) Milton H. Erickson ( 1901 -- 1980 ) Jacques Lacan ( 1901 -- 1981 ) Erik Erikson ( 1902 -- 1994 ) Carl Rogers ( 1902 -- 1987 ) Viktor Frankl ( 1905 -- 1997 ) George Kelly ( 1905 -- 1967 ) Rollo May ( 1909 -- 1994 ) Virginia Axline ( 1911 -- 1988 ) Carl Whitaker ( 1912 -- 1995 ) Albert Ellis ( 1913 -- 2007 ) James Bugental ( 1915 -- 2008 ) Joseph Wolpe ( 1915 -- 1997 ) Virginia Satir ( 1916 -- 1988 ) Aaron T. Beck ( b. 1921 ) Salvador Minuchin ( 1921 -- 2017 ) Hans Herrman Strupp ( 1921 -- 2006 ) Paul Watzlawick ( 1921 -- 2007 ) Haim Ginott ( 1922 -- 1973 ) Arthur Janov ( 1924 -- 2017 ) Eugene Gendlin ( 1926 -- 2017 ) R.D. Laing ( 1927 -- 1989 ) Jean Baker Miller ( 1927 -- 2006 ) Otto F. Kernberg ( b. 1928 ) Irvin D. Yalom ( b. 1931 ) Arnold Lazarus ( 1932 -- 2013 ) Lorna Smith Benjamin ( b. 1934 ) Marsha M. Linehan ( b. 1943 ) Vittorio Guidano ( 1944 -- 1999 ) Les Greenberg ( b. 1945 ) William R. Miller ( b. 1947 ) Michael White ( 1948 -- 2008 ) Jeffrey Young ( b. 1950 ) Peter Fonagy ( b. 1952 ) BNF : cb11933695c ( data ) GND : 4427749 - 0 LCCN : sh85136914 SUDOC : 027254348 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transference&oldid=840407720 '' Categories : Psychodynamics Psychoanalytic terminology Hidden categories : NPOV disputes from October 2017 All NPOV disputes Articles containing German - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Italiano עברית مصرى Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Türkçe 中文 13 more Edit links This page was last edited on 9 May 2018, at 17 : 54. About Wikipedia

Question: the process of transferring feelings from one object to another is called
Answer: Transference