Guinea - Bissau - wikipedia Guinea - Bissau Not to be confused with Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, or Papua New Guinea. Republic of Guinea - Bissau República da Guiné - Bissau ( Portuguese ) Flag Emblem Motto : `` Unidade, Luta, Progresso '' ( Portuguese ) `` Unity, Struggle, Progress '' Anthem : Esta é a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada ( Portuguese ) This is Our Beloved Homeland Location of Guinea - Bissau ( dark blue ) -- in Africa ( light blue & dark grey ) -- in the African Union ( light blue ) Capital and largest city Bissau 11 ° 52 ′ N 15 ° 36 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 11.867 ° N 15.600 ° W ﻿ / 11.867 ; - 15.600 Official languages Portuguese Recognised national languages Upper Guinea Creole Ethnic groups 22.5 % Balanta 28.5 % Fula 8.3 % Manjaca 14.7 % Mandinka 9.1 % Papel > 1 % others Demonym Bissau - Guinean Government Unitary semi-presidential republic President José Mário Vaz Prime Minister Aristides Gomes Legislature National People 's Assembly Independence from Portugal Declared 24 September 1973 Recognized 10 September 1974 Area Total 36,125 km ( 13,948 sq mi ) ( 134th ) Water ( % ) 22.4 Population 2016 estimate 1,815,698 ( 148th ) Density 46.9 / km ( 121.5 / sq mi ) ( 154th ) GDP ( PPP ) 2017 estimate Total $3.071 billion Per capita $1,805 GDP ( nominal ) 2017 estimate Total $1.295 billion Per capita $761 Gini ( 2002 ) 35 medium HDI ( 2015 ) 0.424 low 178th Currency West African CFA franc ( XOF ) Time zone GMT ( UTC + 0 ) Drives on the right Calling code + 245 ISO 3166 code GW Internet TLD. gw Guinea - Bissau ( / ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ / ( listen ) ), officially the Republic of Guinea - Bissau ( Portuguese : República da Guiné - Bissau ( ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw ) ), is a sovereign state in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres ( 13,948 sq mi ) with an estimated population of 1,815,698. Guinea - Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country 's name to prevent confusion with Guinea ( formerly French Guinea ). Guinea - Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five - year term. Only 14 % of the population speaks noncreolized Portuguese, established as both the official and national language. Portuguese exists in creole continuum with Crioulo, a Portuguese creole spoken by half the population ( 44 % ) and an even larger number speaks it as second tongue. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages. There are diverse religions in Guinea - Bissau with no one religion having a majority. The CIA World Factbook ( 2018 ) states there are about 40 % Muslims, 22 % Christians, 15 % Animists and 18 % unspecified or other. The country 's per - capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world. Guinea - Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, and was a member of the now - defunct Latin Union. Contents 1 History 1.1 Independence ( 1973 ) 1.2 Vieira years 2 Politics 2.1 Foreign relations 2.2 Military 2.3 Administrative divisions 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 3.2 Environmental problems 4 Economy 5 Society 5.1 Demographics 5.2 Ethnic groups 5.3 Major cities 5.4 Languages 5.5 Religion 5.6 Health 5.7 Education 5.8 Conflicts 6 Culture 6.1 Media 6.2 Music 6.3 Cuisine 6.4 Film 6.5 Sports 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links History Main articles : History of Guinea - Bissau and Portuguese Guinea Guinea - Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire ; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto 's voyage of 1455, the 1479 -- 1480 voyage by Flemish - French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea - Bissau. Flag of the Portuguese Company of Guinea. Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would - be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the ports of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau 's inland rivers. For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal. An armed rebellion, begun in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde ( PAIGC ) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on the then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle - like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left - leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated. Independence ( 1973 ) PAIGC forces raise the flag of Guinea - Bissau in 1974. Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist - inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon 's Estado Novo regime. Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea - Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought alongside the Portuguese Army against the guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha ( dated 29 November 1980 ) that many Guinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá. The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea - Bissau Civil War and the president 's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president. In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being `` unable to solve the problems ''. After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest. Vieira years In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a run - off election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some `` disturbances during campaigning, '' including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as `` calm and organized ''. Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira 's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed. On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai, who had been killed in an explosion the day before. Vieira 's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker Raimundo Pereira was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide election on 28 June 2009. It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá of the PAIGC, against Kumba Ialá as the presidential candidate of the PRS. On 9 January 2012, President Sanhá died of complications from diabetes, and Pereira was again appointed as an interim president. On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country 's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties. Politics Main article : Politics of Guinea - Bissau The Presidential Palace of Guinea - Bissau. Public Order Police officer during a parade in Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five - year term. At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular ( National People 's Assembly ) is made up of 100 members. They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four - year term. The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça ( Supreme Court ), made up of nine justices appointed by the president ; they serve at the pleasure of the president. The two main political parties are the PAIGC ( African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde ) and the PRS ( Party for Social Renewal ). There are more than 20 minor parties. Foreign relations Further information : Foreign relations of Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau follows a nonaligned foreign policy and seeks friendly and cooperative relations with a wide variety of states and organizations. Military Further information : Military of Guinea - Bissau A 2008 estimate put the size of the Guinea - Bissau Armed Forces at around 4,000 personnel. Administrative divisions Main articles : Regions of Guinea - Bissau and Sectors of Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau is divided into eight regions ( regiões ) and one autonomous sector ( sector autónomo ). These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors. The regions are : Bafatá Biombo Bissau Bolama Cacheu Gabu Oio Quinara Tombali Autonomous sector. Geography Main article : Geography of Guinea - Bissau Rare salt water Hippopotamuses in Orango Island Caravela, Bissagos Islands Typical scenery in Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west. It lies mostly between latitudes 11 ° and 13 ° N ( a small area is south of 11 ° ), and longitudes 13 ° and 17 ° W. At 36,125 square kilometres ( 13,948 sq mi ), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude ; its highest point is 300 metres ( 984 ft ). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest - savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon - like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland. Climate Main article : Climate of Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation ; it averages 26.3 ° C ( 79.3 ° F ). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres ( 79.7 in ) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September / October. From December through April, the country experiences drought. Environmental problems Severe environmental problems include deforestation ; soil erosion ; overgrazing and overfishing. Economy Main articles : Economy of Guinea - Bissau and Mining industry of Guinea - Bissau Seat of the Central Bank of Guinea - Bissau Petrol station in São Domingos Guinea - Bissau 's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two - thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture ; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports. A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea - Bissau ( 233 days or about 33 weeks ) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. Guinea - Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF - backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country 's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living. After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea - Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still - fragile political situation. Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea - Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a `` narco - state ''. The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état. Guinea - Bissau is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa ( OHADA ). Society Demographics Main article : Demographics of Guinea - Bissau ( Left ) Guinea - Bissau 's population between 1961 and 2003. ( Right ) Guinea - Bissau 's population pyramid, 2005. In 2010, 41.3 % of Guinea - Bissau 's population were aged under 15. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects, Guinea - Bissau 's population was 1,815,698 in 2016, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3 %, 55.4 % were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3 % were aged 65 years or older. Ethnic groups Guinea - Bissau present - day settlement pattern of the ethnic groups The population of Guinea - Bissau is ethnically diverse and has many distinct languages, customs, and social structures. Bissau - Guineans can be divided into the following ethnic groups : Fula and the Mandinka - speaking people, who comprise the largest portion of the population and are concentrated in the north and northeast ; Balanta and Papel people, who live in the southern coastal regions ; and Manjaco and Mancanha, who occupy the central and northern coastal areas. Most of the remainder are mestiços of mixed Portuguese and African descent, including a Cape Verdean minority. Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Bissau - Guineans. After Guinea - Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony. Major cities This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2017 ) Guinea - Bissau 's second largest city, Gabú Port of Bissau Bridge in São Vicente, Cacheu Main cities in Guinea - Bissau include : Rank City Population 2015 estimate Region Bissau 492,004 Bissau Gabú 48,670 Gabú Bafatá 37,985 Bafatá Bissorã 29,468 Oio 5 Bolama 16,216 Bolama 6 Cacheu 14,320 Cacheu 7 Bubaque 12,922 Bolama 8 Catió 11,498 Tombali 9 Mansôa 9,198 Oio 10 Buba 8,993 Quinara Languages Main article : Languages of Guinea - Bissau Voter education posters in the Kriol language for Guinea - Bissau legislative election, 2008, Biombo Region Despite being a small country Guinea - Bissau has several ethnic groups which are very distinct from each other, with their own cultures and languages. This is due that Guinea - Bissau was a refugee territory due to migrations within Africa. Colonization and miscegenation brought Portuguese and the Portuguese creole, the Kriol or crioulo. Although perceived as one of the national languages of Guinea - Bissau since independence, Standard Portuguese is spoken mostly as a second language, with few native speakers and often confined to the intellectual and political elites. It is the language of government and national communication as a legacy of colonial rule. Portuguese is the only language with official status ; schooling from primary to university levels is conducted in Portuguese although only 67 % of children have access to any formal education. Data suggested the number of Portuguese speakers ranges from 11 to 15 %. The Portuguese creole is spoken by 44 % which is effectively the national language of communication among distinct groups for most of the population. The Creole is still expanding, and it is understood by the vast majority of the population. However, decreolization processes are occurring, due to undergoing interference from Standard Portuguese and the creole forms a continuum of varieties with the standard language, the most distant are basilects and the closer ones, acrolects. A post-creole continuum exists in Guinea - Bissau and Crioulo ' leve ' ( ' soft ' Creole ) variety being closer to the Portuguese - language norm. The remaining rural population speaks a variety of native African languages unique to each ethnicity : Fula ( 16 % ), Balanta ( 14 % ), Mandinga ( 7 % ), Manjaco ( 5 % ), Papel ( 3 % ), Felupe ( 1 % ), Beafada ( 0.7 % ), Bijagó ( 0.3 % ) and Nalu ( 0.1 % ), which form the ethnic African languages spoken by the population. Most Portuguese and Mestiços speakers also have one of the African languages and Kriol as additional languages. Ethnic African languages are not discouraged, in any situation, despite their lower prestige. These languages are the link between individuals of the same ethnic background and daily used in villages, between neighbors or friends, traditional and religious ceremonies, and also used in contact between the urban and rural populations. However, none of these languages are dominant in Guinea - Bissau. French is taught as a foreign language in schools because Guinea - Bissau is surrounded by French - speaking nations. Guinea - Bissau is a full member of the Francophonie. Religion Religion in Guinea - Bissau, 2010 Religion Percent Islam 38 % Christianity 62 % Men in Islamic garb, Bafatá, Guinea - Bissau In 2010, a Pew Research survey found that Christianity is practiced by 62 % of the country 's population, with Muslims making up the remaining 38 %. Most of Guinea - Bissau 's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2 % belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect. Many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs. Muslims dominate the north and east, while Christians dominate the south and coastal regions. The Roman Catholic Church claims most of the Christian community. Health The WHO estimates there are fewer than 5 physicians per 100,000 persons in the country, down from 12 per 100,000 in 2007. The prevalence of HIV - infection among the adult population is 1.8 %. Only 20 % of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns. Malaria kills more residents ; 9 % of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS. In 2008, fewer than half of children younger than five slept under antimalaria nets or had access to antimalarial drugs. The WHO 's estimate of life expectancy for a female child born in 2008 was 49 years, and 47 years for a boy. Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea - Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under - 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under - 5 mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3 ; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50 % of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the seventh - highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Education Main article : Education in Guinea - Bissau Lusophone University, Bissau Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. Pre-school education for children between three and six years of age is optional and in its early stages. There are five levels of education : pre-school, elemental and complementary basic education, general and complementary secondary education, general secondary education, technical and professional teaching, and higher education ( university and non-universities ). Basic education is under reform, and now forms a single cycle, comprising 6 years of education. Secondary education is widely available and there are two cycles ( 7th to 9th classe and 10th to 11th classe ). Professional education in public institutions is nonoperational, however private school offerings opened, including the Centro de Formação São João Bosco ( since 2004 ) and the Centro de Formação Luís Inácio Lula da Silva ( since 2011 ). Higher education is limited and most prefer to be educated abroad, with students preferring to enroll in Portugal. A number of universities, to which an institutionally autonomous Faculty of Law as well as a Faculty of Medicine Child labor is very common. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5 %, with higher enrollment ratio for males ( 67.7 % ) compared to females ( 40 % ). Non-formal education is centered on community schools and the teaching of adults. In 2011 the literacy rate was estimated at 55.3 % ( 68.9 % male, and 42.1 % female ). Conflicts Usually, the many different ethnic groups in Guinea - Bissau coexist peacefully, but when conflicts do erupt, they tend to revolve around access to land. Culture Hotels at Bissagos Islands Carnival in Bissau Bissau - Guinean women in the capital, Bissau National singer Manecas Costa Media Main article : Media of Guinea - Bissau Music Main article : Music of Guinea - Bissau The music of Guinea - Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country 's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries. The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea - Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music. Lyrics are almost always in Guinea - Bissau Creole, a Portuguese - based creole language, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies. The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country 's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussundé, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands. Cuisine Further information : Cuisine of Guinea - Bissau Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea ( Bambara groundnut ) and Macrotyloma geocarpum ( Hausa groundnut ) are also grown. Black - eyed peas are also part of the diet. Palm oil is harvested. Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds ( Guinea pepper ). Film Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director ; his most famous film is Nha Fala ( English : My Voice ). Gomes 's Mortu Nega ( Death Denied ) ( 1988 ) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea - Bissau. ( The first feature film was N'tturudu, by director Umban u'Kest in 1987. ) At FESPACO 1989, Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. In 1992, Gomes directed Udju Azul di Yonta, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa - centric film festivals. Sports Football is the most popular sport in Guinea - Bissau. The Guinea - Bissau national football team is the national team of Guinea - Bissau and is controlled by the Federação de Futebol da Guiné - Bissau. They are a member of the Confederation of African Football ( CAF ) and FIFA. Other football clubs include Desportivo Quelele, FC Catacumba, FC Catacumba São Domingos, FC Cupelaoo Gabu, FC Djaraf, FC Prabis and FC Babaque. See also Geography portal Africa portal Guinea - Bissau portal Outline of Guinea - Bissau Index of Guinea - Bissau - related articles Transport in Guinea - Bissau 2010 Guinea - Bissau military unrest List of Bissau - Guineans References This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html. Jump up ^ `` Guinea - Bissau '' -- Field Listing : Nationality. The World Factbook 2013 -- 14. Washington, DC : Central Intelligence Agency, 2013. 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CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Guinea - Bissau opposition vows to reach deal with junta Radio Netherlands Worldwide ''. Rnw.nl. 15 April 2012. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Guinea - Bissau '', CIA the World Factbook, Cia.gov. Retrieved 5 February 2012. Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau Supreme Court Archived 23 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine... Stj.pt. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau Political Parties. Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Nossiter, Adam ( 4 November 2009 ) `` Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land '', The New York Times, 8 November 2009 Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau Climate. Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ World Bank profile. World Bank.org ( 31 May 2013 ). Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ The Economist. Pocket World in Figures ( 2008 ed. ). London : Profile Books. ISBN 978 - 1861978448. Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau and the IMF. Imf.org ( 13 May 2013 ). Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ CFA Franc and Guinea - Bissau. Uemoa.int. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau : A narco - state ?. Time. ( 29 October 2009 ). Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Sullivan, Kevin ( 25 May 2008 ). `` Route of Evil : How a tiny West African nation became a key smuggling hub for Colombian cocaine, and the price it is paying ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ `` Guinea - Bissau drug trade ' rises since coup ' ''. London : BBC News. 31 July 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012. Jump up ^ `` OHADA.com The business law portal in Africa ''. OHADA.com ( in French ). Paul Bayzelon. Retrieved 10 January 2018. ^ Jump up to : `` Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects : The 2010 Revision ''. Esa.un.org. Retrieved 20 January 2017. Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau ethnic classifications, Joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ China - Guinea - Bissau. China.org.cn. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ `` Guinea - Bissau : Regions, Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts ''. www.citypopulation.de. ^ Jump up to : `` Língua e Desenvolvimento : O caso da Guiné - Bissau José Barbosa -- Universidade de Lisboa '' ( PDF ). ul.pt. Jump up ^ Crioulo, Upper Guinea. Ethnologue.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION OF LA FRANCOPHONIE 'S OFFICIAL WEBSITE. Francophonie.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` Tolerance and Tension : Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa '' ( PDF ). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. April 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2018. Jump up ^ `` The World 's Muslims : Unity and Diversity '' ( PDF ). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014. Jump up ^ `` Guinea - Bissau '', Encyclopædia Britannica Jump up ^ Guinea - Bissau : Society & Culture Complete Report an All - Inclusive Profile Combining All of Our Society and Culture Reports ( 2nd ed. ). Petaluma : World Trade Press. 2010. p. 7. ISBN 1607804662. Jump up ^ The WHO identified only 78 physicians in the entire Guinea - Bissau health workforce in 2009 data. ( `` Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines '' ( PDF ). 2010. p. 118. ) And the World Bank estimates that Guinea - Bissau had 1,575,446 residents in 2008. At the current rate of growth, 2009 population was expected to reach about 1.61 million people. Only 0.0048 % are known to be medical doctors involved in patient care. The WHO estimate an average of about 20 per 100,000 across Africa, but reports a density per 10,000 population of < 0.5 in its Physicians data covering the period to 2009. Guinea - Bissau has an unusually high ratio of nursing staff to doctors : including nurses and midwives ; there are 64 medical professionals per 100,000 Bissau - Guineans Jump up ^ The WHO estimates that there were 188 physicians working in the entire country as of 2007 ( `` Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines '' ( PDF ). 2009. p. 98. ). And the World Bank estimates that Guinea - Bissau had 1,541,040 residents in 2007 ( `` Midyear estimates of the resident population ''. 2010. ). So, about 0.0122 % of the permanent population were known to be medical doctors involved in patient care, as of 2007. Jump up ^ The WHO estimates a 1.8 % HIV - infection rate from 2007 data among 15 - to 49 - year - old Bissau - Guineans -- see statistics on page 65 of : `` 2. Cause - specific mortality and morbidity '' ( PDF ). WHO. 2010... ( The section 's introduction describes estimation methodology ). Jump up ^ As of 2008, only 20 % of HIV - infected mothers or sufferers with advanced cases had anti-retroviral drug access, see : `` Health service coverage '' ( PDF ). WHO. 2010. p. 91... Coverage in the general population is lower. Jump up ^ `` Selected infectious diseases '' ( PDF ). WHO. 2010. p. 76. Retrieved 9 June 2010. -- 148,542 reported cases in 2008. Jump up ^ According to the 2010 WHO report, the latest Malaria mortality rate per 100,000 Bissau - Guineans ( 180 ) is substantially greater than that for AIDS ( 65 ). ( `` Cause - specific mortality and morbidity '' ( PDF ). WHO. 2010. p. 64. Retrieved 9 June 2010. ) Among children younger than 5, malaria is nine times more deadly ( p. 65 ). Jump up ^ `` Global Health Indicators : 4. Health service coverage '' ( PDF ). WHO. 2010. p. 91. Jump up ^ `` Global Health Indicators : Mortality and burden of disease '' ( PDF ). 2010. p. 50... Healthy life expectancy at birth was 42. The probability of dying between a live - birth and age 5 was 19.5 % ( down from 24 % in 1990, p. 51 ). Jump up ^ `` Guinea Bissau : Cholera On the Rise ''. AllAfrica.com. 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` The State Of The World 's Midwifery ''. United Nations Population Fund. Jump up ^ UNICEF 2013, p. 27. Jump up ^ `` Country Comparison : : Maternal mortality rate ''. The World Factbook. Retrieved 15 October 2014. Jump up ^ The latter is maintained by Cuba and functions in different cities. ^ Jump up to : `` Guinea - Bissau ''. 2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor ( 2002 ). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jump up ^ `` Field Listing : : Literacy ''. The World Factbook. Retrieved 15 October 2014. Jump up ^ Armando Mussa Sani and Jasmina Barckhausen ( 23 June 2017 ). `` Theatre sheds light on conflicts ''. D + C, development and cooperation. Retrieved 15 August 2017. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Lobeck, Katharina ( 21 May 2003 ) Manecas Costa Paraiso di Gumbe Review. BBC. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ The Kora. Freewebs.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Radio Africa : Guinea Bissau vinyl discography. Radioafrica.com.au. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ http://gumbe.com Gumbe Jump up ^ Music of Guinea - Bissau. Ccas11bijagos.pbworks.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Nha Fala / My Voice. spot.pcc.edu ( 2002 ) Jump up ^ Mortu Nega. California Newsreel. Newsreel.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ Udju Azul di Yonta. California Newsreel. Newsreel.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Jump up ^ `` Festival de Cannes : Udju Azul di Yonta ''. Festival de Cannes. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2009. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ Flora Gomes The Two Faces of War : National Liberation in Guinea - Bissau. Watsoninstitute.org ( 25 October 2007 ). Retrieved 22 June 2013. Further reading Abdel Malek, K., `` Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée - Bissau '', In : Bulletin de l'Association des Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N ° 1, Avril 1998. -- pp. 53 -- 60 Forrest, Joshua B., Lineages of State Fragility. Rural Civil Society in Guinea - Bissau ( Ohio University Press / James Currey Ltd., 2003 ) Galli, Rosemary E, Guinea Bissau : Politics, Economics and Society, ( Pinter Pub Ltd., 1987 ) Lobban Jr., Richard Andrew and Mendy, Peter Karibe, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea - Bissau, third edition ( Scarecrow Press, 1997 ) Vigh, Henrik, Navigating Terrains of War : Youth And Soldiering in Guinea - Bissau, ( Berghahn Books, 2006 ) External links Find more aboutGuinea - Bissauat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Learning resources from Wikiversity Link collection related to Guinea - Bissau on bolama.net Country Profile from BBC News `` Guinea - Bissau ''. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Guinea - Bissau from UCB Libraries GovPubs Guinea - Bissau at Encyclopædia Britannica Guinea - Bissau at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) Wikimedia Atlas of Guinea - Bissau Key Development Forecasts for Guinea - Bissau from International Futures Government Official website Constitution of the Republic of Guinea - Bissau Guinea - Bissau : Prime Minister 's fate unknown after apparent military coup -- West Africa -- Portuguese American Journal Guinea - Bissau Holds First Post-Coup Election Trade Guinea - Bissau 2005 Summary Trade Statistics News media news headline links from AllAfrica.com Tourism Guinea - Bissau travel guide from Wikivoyage Guinea - Bissau Turismo - ( 1 ) Health The State of the World 's Midwifery -- Guinea - Bissau Country Profile GIS information Master Thesis about the developing Geographical Information for Guinea - Bissau Coordinates : 12 ° N 15 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 12 ° N 15 ° W ﻿ / 12 ; - 15 Guinea - Bissau articles History Regional history Kaabu African slave trade Portuguese Guinea War of Independence Civil War 2010 military unrest 2012 coup d'état Geography Cities Islands Regions Rivers Sectors Wildlife Politics Elections Foreign relations Human rights Military Parliament Political parties President Prime Minister Economy Franc ( currency ) Mining Telecommunications Transport Society Demographics Education Ethnic groups Languages Religion Culture Anthem Coat of arms Cuisine Flag Media Music Sports Outline Index Category Portal Geographic locale Countries and territories of Africa Sovereign states entirely / mostly in Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe partly in Africa France Mayotte Réunion Italy Pantelleria Pelagie Islands Portugal Madeira Spain Canary Islands Ceuta Melilla Plazas de soberanía Yemen Socotra Territories and dependencies Îles Éparses France Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha UK Southern Provinces ( Western Sahara ) States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Unclear sovereignty. 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Provisionally referred to by the Francophonie as the `` former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia '' ; see Macedonia naming dispute. Organization Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique Agence universitaire de la Francophonie Secretaries - General Boutros Boutros - Ghali Abdou Diouf Michaëlle Jean Culture French language UN French Language Day International Francophonie Day Jeux de la Francophonie Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie Senghor University AFFOI TV5Monde LGBT rights Category Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) Members Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Brunei Cameroon Chad Comoros Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea - Bissau Guyana Indonesia Iran Iraq Ivory Coast Jordan Kuwait Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Libya Maldives Malaysia Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Tajikistan Turkey Tunisia Togo Turkmenistan Uganda Uzbekistan United Arab Emirates Yemen Suspended Syria Observers Countries and territories Bosnia and Herzegovina Central African Republic Northern Cyprus Russia Thailand Muslim communities Moro National Liberation Front International organizations Economic Cooperation Organization African Union Arab League Non-Aligned Movement United Nations As the `` Turkish Cypriot State ''. Portuguese overseas empire North Africa 15th century 1415 -- 1640 Ceuta 1458 -- 1550 Alcácer Ceguer ( El Qsar es Seghir ) 1471 -- 1550 Arzila ( Asilah ) 1471 -- 1662 Tangier 1485 -- 1550 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1487 -- 16th century Ouadane 1488 -- 1541 Safim ( Safi ) 1489 Graciosa 16th century 1505 -- 1541 Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué ( Agadir ) 1506 -- 1525 Mogador ( Essaouira ) 1506 -- 1525 Aguz ( Souira Guedima ) 1506 -- 1769 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1513 -- 1541 Azamor ( Azemmour ) 1515 -- 1541 São João da Mamora ( Mehdya ) 1577 -- 1589 Arzila ( Asilah ) Sub-Saharan Africa 15th century 1455 -- 1633 Anguim 1462 -- 1975 Cape Verde 1470 -- 1975 São Tomé 1471 -- 1975 Príncipe 1474 -- 1778 Annobón 1478 -- 1778 Fernando Poo ( Bioko ) 1482 -- 1637 Elmina ( São Jorge da Mina ) 1482 -- 1642 Portuguese Gold Coast 1508 -- 1547 Madagascar 1498 -- 1540 Mascarene Islands 16th century 1500 -- 1630 Malindi 1501 -- 1975 Portuguese Mozambique 1502 -- 1659 Saint Helena 1503 -- 1698 Zanzibar 1505 -- 1512 Quíloa ( Kilwa ) 1506 -- 1511 Socotra 1557 -- 1578 Accra 1575 -- 1975 Portuguese Angola 1588 -- 1974 Cacheu 1593 -- 1698 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 17th century 1645 -- 1888 Ziguinchor 1680 -- 1961 São João Baptista de Ajudá 1687 -- 1974 Bissau 18th century 1728 -- 1729 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 1753 -- 1975 Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 19th century 1879 -- 1974 Portuguese Guinea 1885 -- 1974 Portuguese Congo Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. Or 1600. A factory ( Anosy Region ) and small temporary coastal bases. Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879. Part of Portuguese Angola from the 1920s. Middle East ( Persian Gulf ) 16th century 1506 -- 1615 Gamru ( Bandar Abbas ) 1507 -- 1643 Sohar 1515 -- 1622 Hormuz ( Ormus ) 1515 -- 1648 Quriyat 1515 -- ? Qalhat 1515 -- 1650 Muscat 1515 ? -- ? Barka 1515 -- 1633 ? Julfar ( Ras al - Khaimah ) 1521 -- 1602 Bahrain ( Muharraq Manama ) 1521 -- 1529 ? Qatif 1521 ? -- 1551 ? Tarut Island 1550 -- 1551 Qatif 1588 -- 1648 Matrah 17th century 1620 -- ? Khor Fakkan 1621 ? -- ? As Sib 1621 -- 1622 Qeshm 1623 -- ? Khasab 1623 -- ? Libedia 1624 -- ? Kalba 1624 -- ? Madha 1624 -- 1648 Dibba Al - Hisn 1624 ? -- ? Bandar - e Kong Indian subcontinent 15th century 1498 -- 1545 Laccadive Islands ( Lakshadweep ) 16th century Portuguese India 1500 -- 1663 Cochim ( Kochi ) 1501 -- 1663 Cannanore ( Kannur ) 1502 -- 1658 1659 -- 1661 Quilon ( Coulão / Kollam ) 1502 -- 1661 Pallipuram ( Cochin de Cima ) 1507 -- 1657 Negapatam ( Nagapatnam ) 1510 -- 1961 Goa 1512 -- 1525 1750 Calicut ( Kozhikode ) 1518 -- 1619 Portuguese Paliacate outpost ( Pulicat ) 1521 -- 1740 Chaul ( Portuguese India ) 1523 -- 1662 Mylapore 1528 -- 1666 Chittagong ( Porto Grande De Bengala ) 1531 -- 1571 Chaul 1531 -- 1571 Chalé 1534 -- 1601 Salsette Island 1534 -- 1661 Bombay ( Mumbai ) 1535 Ponnani 1535 -- 1739 Baçaím ( Vasai - Virar ) 1536 -- 1662 Cranganore ( Kodungallur ) 1540 -- 1612 Surat 1548 -- 1658 Tuticorin ( Thoothukudi ) 1559 -- 1961 Daman and Diu 1568 -- 1659 Mangalore ( Portuguese India ) 1579 -- 1632 Hugli 1598 -- 1610 Masulipatnam ( Machilipatnam ) 1518 -- 1521 Maldives 1518 -- 1658 Portuguese Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) 1558 -- 1573 Maldives 17th century Portuguese India 1687 -- 1749 Mylapore 18th century Portuguese India 1779 -- 1954 Dadra and Nagar Haveli East Asia and Oceania 16th century 1511 -- 1641 Portuguese Malacca ( Malaysia ) 1512 -- 1621 Maluku ( Indonesia ) 1522 -- 1575 Ternate 1576 -- 1605 Ambon 1578 -- 1650 Tidore 1512 -- 1665 Makassar 1557 -- 1999 Macau ( China ) 1580 -- 1586 Nagasaki ( Japan ) 17th century 1642 -- 1975 Portuguese Timor ( East Timor ) 19th century Portuguese Macau 1864 -- 1999 Coloane 1851 -- 1999 Taipa 1890 -- 1999 Ilha Verde 20th century Portuguese Macau 1938 -- 1941 Lapa and Montanha ( Hengqin ) 1975 is the year of East Timor 's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor 's independence was fully recognized. North America & North Atlantic 15th century ( Atlantic islands ) 1420 Madeira 1432 Azores 16th century ( Canada ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Terra Nova ( Newfoundland ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Labrador 1516 -- 1579 ? Nova Scotia South America & Antilles 16th century 1500 -- 1822 Brazil 1534 -- 1549 Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 1549 -- 1572 Brazil 1572 -- 1578 Bahia 1572 -- 1578 Rio de Janeiro 1578 -- 1607 Brazil 1621 -- 1815 Brazil 1536 -- 1620 Barbados 17th century 1621 -- 1751 Maranhão 1680 -- 1777 Nova Colónia do Sacramento 18th century 1751 -- 1772 Grão - Pará and Maranhão 1772 -- 1775 Grão - Pará and Rio Negro 1772 -- 1775 Maranhão and Piauí 19th century 1808 -- 1822 Cisplatina ( Uruguay ) 1809 -- 1817 Portuguese Guiana ( Amapá ) 1822 Upper Peru ( Bolivia ) Coats of arms of Portuguese colonies Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Portuguese colonial architecture Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia Portuguese colonization of the Americas Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia BNE : XX451812 BNF : cb12365690v ( data ) GND : 4022522 - 7 HDS : 3445 ISNI : 0000 0001 2151 704X LCCN : n80061076 NARA : 10035793 NDL : 00562461 SELIBR : 147258 SUDOC : 032671725 VIAF : 125341622 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&oldid=854894471 '' Categories : Guinea - Bissau Economic Community of West African States Former Portuguese colonies Least developed countries Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Member states of the African Union Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Member states of the United Nations Portuguese - speaking countries and territories Republics States and territories established in 1974 West African countries Small Island Developing States 1974 establishments in Guinea - Bissau Countries in Africa Hidden categories : CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown Webarchive template wayback links CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008 CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use dmy dates from January 2017 Articles containing Portuguese - 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Question: what do you call someone from guinea bissau
Answer: Bissau-Guinean