Sweet Home Alabama - wikipedia Sweet Home Alabama For the film, see Sweet Home Alabama ( film ). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2007 ) `` Sweet Home Alabama '' Single by Lynyrd Skynyrd from the album Second Helping B - side `` Take Your Time '' Released June 24, 1974 Format 7 - inch Recorded June 1973 Genre Country rock southern rock Length 4 : 45 Label MCA Songwriter ( s ) Ed King Gary Rossington Ronnie Van Zant Producer ( s ) Al Kooper Lynyrd Skynyrd singles chronology `` Do n't Ask Me No Questions '' ( 1974 ) `` Sweet Home Alabama '' ( 1974 ) `` Free Bird '' ( 1974 ) Alternative cover Audio sample file help Music video `` Sweet Home Alabama '' ( 2 July 1977 at Oakland Coliseum Stadium ) on YouTube `` Sweet Home Alabama '' is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd that first appeared in 1974 on their second album, Second Helping. It reached number 8 on the US chart in 1974 and was the band 's second hit single. The song was written in reply to `` Southern Man '' and `` Alabama '' by Neil Young ; Young is name - checked in the song 's lyrics. Contents 1 Creation and recording 2 Controversy 3 Muscle Shoals 4 Personnel 5 Charts 5.1 Weekly charts 5.2 Year - end chart 6 Sales and certifications 7 `` All Summer Long '' 8 Other uses 9 Recognition and awards 10 References 11 External links Creation and recording None of the three writers of the song were from Alabama ; Ronnie Van Zant and Gary Rossington were both born in Jacksonville, Florida, whilst Ed King was from Glendale, California. In an interview with Garden & Gun, Rossington explained the writing process. `` I had this little riff, '' he said. `` It 's the little picking part and I kept playing it over and over when we were waiting on everyone to arrive for rehearsal. Ronnie and I were sitting there, and he kept saying, ' play that again '. Then Ronnie wrote the lyrics and Ed and I wrote the music. '' `` Sweet Home Alabama '' was a major chart hit for a band whose previous singles had `` lazily sauntered out into release with no particular intent ''. The hit led to two TV rock show offers, which the band turned down. In addition to the original appearance on Second Helping, the song has appeared on numerous Lynyrd Skynyrd collections and live albums. Controversy `` Sweet Home Alabama '' was written as an answer to two songs, `` Southern Man '' and `` Alabama '' by Neil Young, which dealt with themes of racism and slavery in the American South. `` We thought Neil was shooting all the ducks in order to kill one or two, '' said Ronnie Van Zant at the time. The following excerpt shows the Neil Young mention in the song : Well, I heard Mister Young sing about her Well, I heard ol ' Neil put her down Well, I hope Neil Young will remember A Southern man do n't need him around anyhow In his 2012 autobiography Waging Heavy Peace, Young commented on his role in the song 's creation, writing `` My own song ' Alabama ' richly deserved the shot Lynyrd Skynyrd gave me with their great record. I do n't like my words when I listen to it. They are accusatory and condescending, not fully thought out, and too easy to misconstrue ''. Van Zant 's other response was also controversial, with references to the Governor of Alabama, George Wallace ( a noted supporter of segregation ) and the Watergate scandal : In Birmingham, they love the governor ( boo boo boo ) Now we all did what we could do Now Watergate does not bother me Does your conscience bother you ? Tell the truth... Sweet home Alabama, oh, sweet home baby Where the skies are so blue and the governor 's true Music historians point out that the choice of Birmingham in connection with the governor ( rather than the capital Montgomery ) is significant for the controversy as `` In 1963, the city was the site of massive civil rights activism, as thousands of demonstrators led by Martin Luther King, Jr. sought to desegregate downtown businesses... ( and ) was the scene of some of the most violent moments of the Civil Rights Movement. Segregationist police chief Bull Connor unleashed attack dogs and high - pressure water cannons against peaceful marchers, including women and children ; just weeks later, Ku Klux Klansmen bombed a black church, killing four little girls. '' In 1975, Van Zant said : `` The lyrics about the governor of Alabama were misunderstood. The general public did n't notice the words ' Boo ! Boo ! Boo ! ' after that particular line, and the media picked up only on the reference to the people loving the governor. '' `` The line ' We all did what we could do ' is sort of ambiguous, '' Al Kooper notes. `` ' We tried to get Wallace out of there ' is how I always thought of it. '' Towards the end of the song, Van Zant adds `` where the governor 's true '' to the chorus 's `` where the skies are so blue, '' a line rendered ironic by the previous booing of the governor. Journalist Al Swenson argues that the song is more complex than it is sometimes given credit for, suggesting that it only looks like an endorsement of Wallace. `` Wallace and I have very little in common, '' Van Zant himself said, `` I do n't like what he says about colored people. '' Music historians examining the juxtaposition of invoking Richard Nixon and Watergate after Wallace and Birmingham note that one reading of the lyrics is an `` attack against the liberals who were so outraged at Nixon 's conduct '' while others interpret it regionally : `` the band was speaking for the entire South, saying to northerners, we 're not judging you as ordinary citizens for the failures of your leaders in Watergate ; do n't judge all of us as individuals for the racial problems of southern society ''. It can further be added that Ronnie Van Zant wore a Neil Young t - shirt ( with the image of Young 's Tonight 's The Night LP cover ) at several occasions, for instance at the concert at Oakland Coliseum Stadium, California, 7. February 1977 and also at the Street Survivors LP cover.. Muscle Shoals One verse of the song includes the line, `` Now Muscle Shoals has got the Swampers / And they 've been known to pick a song or two. '' This refers to the town of Muscle Shoals, Alabama, a popular location for recording popular music because of the `` sound '' crafted by local recording studios and back - up musicians. `` The Swampers '' referred to in the lyrics are the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. These musicians, who crafted the `` Muscle Shoals Sound '', were inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1995 for a `` Lifework Award for Non-Performing Achievement '' and into the Musician 's Hall Of Fame in 2008 ( the performers inducted into the latter were the four founding Swampers -- Barry Beckett, Roger Hawkins, David Hood, Jimmy Johnson -- plus Pete Carr, Clayton Ivey, Randy McCormack, Will McFarlane, and Spooner Oldham ). The nickname `` The Swampers '' was given to the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section by producer Denny Cordell during a recording session by singer / songwriter Leon Russell, in reference to their ' swampy ' sound. Part of the reference comes from the 1971 -- 1972 demo reels that Lynyrd Skynyrd had recorded in Muscle Shoals with Johnson as a producer / recording engineer. Johnson helped refine many of the songs first heard publicly on the Pronounced album, and it was Van Zant 's `` tip of the hat '' to Johnson for helping out the band in the early years and essentially giving the band its first break. Lynyrd Skynyrd remains connected to Muscle Shoals, having since recorded a number of works in the city and making it a regular stop on their concert tours. The PBS show Independent Lens aired a documentary on Muscle Shoals and its place in music history in mid-April 2014. Personnel Lynyrd Skynyrd Ronnie Van Zant -- lead vocals Ed King -- lead guitar, backing vocals ( first `` woo '' at the end of the last chorus ) Leon Wilkeson -- bass guitar, backing vocals ( second `` woo '' at the end of the last chorus ) Bob Burns -- drums Billy Powell -- piano Allen Collins -- rhythm guitar ( left channel ) Gary Rossington -- rhythm guitar ( right channel ), acoustic guitar ( left channel ) Additional personnel Al Kooper -- backing vocals ( left channel ) Clydie King -- background vocals Merry Clayton -- background vocals Charts Weekly charts Chart ( 1974 - 76 ) Peak position Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) 56 Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) 6 Germany ( Official German Charts ) 87 Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) 51 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 31 US Billboard Hot 100 9 Chart ( 2008 ) Peak position UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 44 Year - end chart Chart ( 1974 ) Peak position US Cashbox Top 100 58 Canadian RPM Top Singles 81 Sales and certifications Region Certification Certified units / Sales Italy ( FIMI ) Platinum 50,000 United Kingdom ( BPI ) Platinum 600,000 United States ( RIAA ) Gold 3,680,000 ( digital ) sales + streaming figures based on certification alone `` All Summer Long '' Kid Rock 's 2008 song `` All Summer Long '' samples `` Sweet Home Alabama '' on the chorus and uses the guitar solo and piano outro, as well as the `` turn it up '' shout before the guitar solo ; Billy Powell is featured on the track. `` All Summer Long '' also samples Warren Zevon 's `` Werewolves of London '', which has similar chord progression to `` Sweet Home Alabama ''. Since Kid Rock 's release, the original song has also charted at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart. The song is credited to Matthew Shafer, Waddy Wachtel, R.J. Ritchie, Leroy Marinell, Warren Zevon, Edward King, Gary Rossington and Ronnie Van Zant. Zevon apparently hated `` Sweet Home Alabama '' and referred to it as `` that dead band 's song ''. He surmised that those who listen to it only do so because their own lives are miserable, and his views on the song are articulated in `` Play It All Night Long '', which appears on his 1980 album Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School. Other uses In September 2007, Alabama Governor Bob Riley announced the phrase `` Sweet Home Alabama '' would be used to promote Alabama state tourism in a multimillion - dollar ad campaign. Before every race at the Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, where two Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races are annually held, the song plays before the green flag is waved. This tradition dates back to at least the late 1990s. As of 2009, the State of Alabama has begun using the phrase `` Sweet Home Alabama '' as an official slogan on license plates for motor vehicles, with Governor Bob Riley noting that Lynyrd Skynyrd 's anthem is the third most - played song referring to a specific destination. ( This is also the second Alabama license plate in a row to make reference to a popular song, with the state 's previous plate having featured `` Stars Fell on Alabama ''. ) In the 1980s and 1990s, the song played during warmups of the University of Alabama in Huntsville Charger Hockey team during home games. This song can also be heard before, during, and after many University of Alabama sporting events. Majority of the Alabama fan base have mixed the words `` Roll Tide Roll '' in the middle of the chorus to relate Alabama sports to the Great State of Alabama. In 1990, southern gangster rap group The Geto Boys sampled Lynyrd Skynyrd 's `` Sweet Home Alabama '' on `` Gangsta of Love ''. Contained on later versions of their self - titled LP, the mix uses a sample from `` Sweet Home '' instead of the Steve Miller Band 's `` The Joker '' due to copyright issues. The version included on the original pressing of its 1989 album Grip It ! On That Other Level had contained the Miller Band sample. Recognition and awards In May 2006, National Review ranked the song number 4 on its list of `` 50 greatest conservative rock songs ''. In July 2006, CMT ranked it number 1 on the `` 20 Greatest Southern Rock songs ''. In 2004, the song was ranked number 398 on Rolling Stone 's list of `` the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time ''. In 2007, the song was used on the Top Gear Greatest Driving Songs album. In 1997, the song was used in movie Con Air. While the song plays in background, Garland Greene ( by Steve Buscemi ) says to Poe and Baby - O : `` Define irony. Bunch of idiots dancing on a plane to a song made famous by a band that died in a plane crash '', a reference to the band 's 1977 plane crash. The song is also used briefly in the end credits beginning with Buscemi 's character gambling until the end of the main cast credits. References Jump up ^ Sweet Home Alabama song information. Songfacts.com Jump up ^ Lotz, CJ ( August 13, 2015 ). `` The Story Behind `` Sweet Home Alabama '' ``. Garden & Gun. Retrieved August 7, 2018. ^ Jump up to : Dupree, T. ( 1974 ), Lynyrd Skynyrd in Sweet Home Atlanta ( Electronic version ). Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 17, 2007. Jump up ^ Young, Neil ( 2012 ). `` Chapter Fifty - seven ''. Waging Heavy Peace : A Hippie Dream. New York, New York : Penguin Group. p. 417. ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 218031 - 0. ^ Jump up to : Sweet Home Alabama : Shmoop Music Guide. Shmoop University. 2010. ^ Jump up to : Ballinger, Lee. ( 2002 © 1999 ). Lynyrd Skynyrd : An Oral History. Los Angeles, California : XT377 Publishing. ISBN 0 - 9720446 - 3 - 9 Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd - Freebird - 7 / 2 / 1977 - Oakland Coliseum Stadium ( Official ) ''. YouTube. September 24, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd - Sweet Home Alabama - 7 / 2 / 1977 - Oakland Coliseum Stadium ( Official ) ''. YouTube. November 14, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd and Neil Young ''. Thrasherswheat.org. Retrieved August 25, 2018. Jump up ^ `` The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section ''. Alabama Music Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Which Band Will Reunite Next ? Placing Odds on 14 Groups, from Led Zeppelin to N'Sync Pictures ''. Rolling Stone. October 29, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Mp3beetsongs.Wordpress.com ''. Mp3beetsongs.Wordpress.com. Retrieved August 25, 2018. Jump up ^ `` Austriancharts.at -- Lynyrd Skynyrd -- Sweet Home Alabama '' ( in German ). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd Chart History ( Canadian Hot 100 ) ''. Billboard. Jump up ^ `` Musicline.de -- Lynyrd Skynyrd Single - Chartverfolgung '' ( in German ). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- Lynyrd Skynyrd -- Sweet Home Alabama ''. Swiss Singles Chart. Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd : Artist Chart History ''. Official Charts Company. Jump up ^ `` Lynyrd Skynyrd Chart History ( Hot 100 ) ''. Billboard. Jump up ^ `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 ''. Official Charts Company. Jump up ^ `` Italian single certifications -- Lynyrd Skynyrd -- Sweet Home Alabama '' ( in Italian ). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved November 13, 2017. Jump up ^ `` British single certifications -- Lynyrd Skynyrd -- Sweet Home Alabama ''. British Phonographic Industry. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Enter Sweet Home Alabama in the search field and then press Enter. Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Lynyrd Skynyrd -- Sweet Home Alabama ''. Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH Jump up ^ `` Nielsen Soundscan Chart ''. Nielsen. July 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Rhodes, Graham ( October 21, 2010 ). `` Warren Zevon : Play that dead man 's songs ''. GrahamRhodes.com. Retrieved August 7, 2018. Jump up ^ Associated Press ( 2007 ). Lynyrd Skynyrd Song Turns Alabama Tourist Theme ( Electronic version ). USA Today. Retrieved October 17, 2007. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived November 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Miller, John J. ( May 26, 2006 ) Rockin ' the Right, National Review External links Alabama portal Lynyrd Skynyrd and Neil Young : Friends or Foes ? -- An analysis of `` Sweet Home Alabama '' and `` Southern Man '' `` Sweet Home Alabama '' lyrics on lynyrdskynyrdhistory.com `` Sweet Home Alabama '' song guide, lyrical analysis, historical context and allusions, teaching guide Lynyrd Skynyrd Gary Rossington Rickey Medlocke Johnny Van Zant Michael Cartellone Mark Matejka Peter Keys Keith Christopher Ronnie Van Zant Allen Collins Bob Burns Larry Junstrom Greg T. Walker Leon Wilkeson Billy Powell Ed King Artimus Pyle Steve Gaines Owen Hale Hughie Thomasson Kenny Aronoff Ean Evans Robert Kearns Johnny Colt Studio albums ( Pronounced ' Lĕh - ' nérd ' Skin - ' nérd ) Second Helping Nuthin ' Fancy Gimme Back My Bullets Street Survivors Lynyrd Skynyrd 1991 The Last Rebel Endangered Species Twenty Edge of Forever Christmas Time Again Vicious Cycle God & Guns Last of a Dyin ' Breed Live albums One More from the Road Southern by the Grace of God Lyve from Steel Town Lynyrd Skynyrd Lyve : The Vicious Cycle Tour Live from Freedom Hall Compilations Skynyrd 's First and... Last Gold & Platinum Best of the Rest Legend Skynyrd 's Innyrds Lynyrd Skynyrd ( Box Set ) A Retrospective What 's Your Name Old Time Greats The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd Skynyrd 's First : The Complete Muscle Shoals Album 20th Century Masters : The Best of Lynyrd Skynyrd Solo Flytes All Time Greatest Hits Collectybles Then and Now Thyrty Then and Now Volume Two Greatest Hits Icon Video Freebird... The Movie Lyve From Steel Town Lynyrd Skynyrd Lyve : The Vicious Cycle Tour Live from Freedom Hall Singles `` Need All My Friends '' `` Gimme Three Steps '' / `` Mr. Banker '' `` Do n't Ask Me No Questions '' / `` Take Your Time '' `` Sweet Home Alabama '' `` Free Bird '' `` Saturday Night Special '' / `` Made in the Shade '' `` Double Trouble '' `` Gimme Back My Bullets '' / `` All I Can Do Is Write About It '' `` Gimme Three Steps ( Live ) '' `` What 's Your Name '' / `` I Know A Little '' `` You Got That Right '' `` Truck Drivin ' Man '' `` Swamp Music '' `` Smokestack Lightning '' `` Preacher Man '' `` Red White & Blue ( Love it or Leave ) '' `` Still Unbroken '' Other songs `` Tuesday 's Gone '' `` Simple Man '' `` Things Goin ' On '' `` Saturday Night Special '' `` That Smell '' Tours Pronounced ' Lĕh - ' nérd ' Skin - ' nérd Tour Second Helping Tour Nuthin ' Fancy Tour Gimme Back My Bullets Tour One More From The Road Tour Street Survivors Tour Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Tour Lynyrd Skynyrd 1991 Tour The Last Rebel Tour Lynyrd Skynyrd Twenty Tour Edge of Forever Tour Vicious Cycle Tour Rebels and Bandoleros Tour Spin - off bands Rossington Collins Band The Rossington Band Allen Collins Band Artimus Pyle Band Van Zant Related articles Discography Band Members Skynyrd Frynds 1977 Mississippi CV - 240 crash Ronnie Van Zant Memorial Park Leonard Skinner `` All Summer Long '' Alabama 1990 -- 2011 singles Pass It On Down `` Pass It On Down '' `` Jukebox in My Mind '' `` Forever 's as Far as I 'll Go '' `` Down Home '' `` Here We Are '' Greatest Hits Vol. II `` Then Again '' `` Born Country '' American Pride `` Take a Little Trip '' `` I 'm in a Hurry ( And Do n't Know Why ) '' `` Once Upon a Lifetime '' `` Hometown Honeymoon '' Cheap Seats `` Reckless '' `` T.L.C.A.S.A.P. '' `` The Cheap Seats '' Greatest Hits Vol. III `` We Ca n't Love Like This Anymore '' `` Give Me One More Shot '' In Pictures `` She Ai n't Your Ordinary Girl '' `` In Pictures '' `` It Works '' `` Say I '' `` The Maker Said Take Her '' Dancin ' on the Boulevard `` Sad Lookin ' Moon '' `` Dancin ', Shaggin ' on the Boulevard '' `` Of Course I 'm Alright '' `` She 's Got That Look in Her Eyes '' For the Record `` How Do You Fall in Love '' `` Keepin ' Up '' Twentieth Century `` God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You '' `` Small Stuff '' When It All Goes South `` When It All Goes South '' Other singles `` Sweet Home Alabama '' `` Angels Among Us '' `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' `` Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way '' `` Old Alabama '' GND : 7863258 - 4 VIAF : 238837176 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Home_Alabama&oldid=856841951 '' Categories : 1974 singles Music of Alabama Lynyrd Skynyrd songs Songs about Alabama Answer songs Song recordings produced by Al Kooper Songs written by Ed King Songs written by Gary Rossington Songs written by Ronnie Van Zant Alabama ( American band ) songs 1974 songs MCA Records singles Neil Young Songs against racism and xenophobia George Wallace Hidden categories : CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from January 2014 Articles needing additional references from November 2007 All articles needing additional references Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from April 2018 Singlechart usages for Austria Singlechart usages for Canada Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Germany Singlechart usages for Swiss Singlechart usages for UKsinglesbyname Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Singlechart usages for UK Singlechart called without artist Certification Table Entry usages for Italy Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom Certification Table Entry usages for United States All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Français Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2018, at 21 : 26 ( UTC ). 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Question: who played lead guitar on sweet home alabama
Answer: Ed King