Lucknow pact - wikipedia Lucknow pact This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2016 ) The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at the joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916. Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow overrepresentation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures. The Muslim League leaders agreed to join the Congress movement demanding Indian autonomy. Scholars cite this as an example of a consociational practice in Indian politics. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then a member of the Congress as well as the League, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the British government to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country, besides safeguarding basic Muslim demands. Jinnah is seen as the mastermind and architect of this pact. Contents 1 Background 2 Agreements by the Congress 3 Demands presented to the British 4 Importance 5 References Background The British had announced, in order to satisfy the Indians, that they will be considering a series of proposals that would lead to at least half of the members of the Executive Council being elected and the Legislative Council having a majority of elected members. Both the Congress and the Muslim League supported these. Both had realized that for further concessions to be gained, greater cooperation was required. Agreements by the Congress The Congress agreed to separate electorates for Muslims in electing representatives to the Imperial and Provincial Legislative Councils. Although the Muslims were given this right in the Indian Councils Act of 1909, the Indian National Congress opposed it. The Congress also agreed to the idea of one - third seats for the Muslims in the Councils despite the fact that the Muslim population represented less than a third. Apart from that, the Congress agreed that no act affecting a community should be passed unless three - quarters of that community 's members on the council supported it. After the signing of this pact the rivalry between moderates and extremist reduced to some extent. There was a significant change in their relation. Demands presented to the British Both the parties presented some common demands to the British. They demanded : The number of elected seats on the councils should be increased. Motions which were passed by large majorities in the councils should be accepted as bindings by the British Government. Minorities in the provinces should be protected. All provinces should be granted autonomy. Separating the executive from the judiciary Importance The Lucknow Pact is seen as a beacon of hope of Hindu - Muslim unity. It established cordial relations between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. Before the pact, both parties were viewed as rivals who opposed each other and worked in their own interests. However, the pact brought a change in that view. The Lucknow Pact also established cordial relations between the two prominent groups of the Indian National Congress -- the `` hot faction '' garam dal led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal, the Lal Bal Pal and the moderates or the `` soft faction '', the naram dal led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. References Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Steven Ian ( September -- October 2000 ), `` India, Consociational Theory, and Ethnic Violence '', Asian Survey, 40 ( 5 ) : 767 -- 791, JSTOR 3021176 ^ Jump up to : Kelly, Nigel ( 2014 ). The History and Culture of Pakistan. Peak Publishing. p. 61. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Pakistan Movement Fourteen Points of Jinnah I.I. Chundrigar Fatima Jinnah Lucknow Pact 11th August Speech Two nation theory Family and personal life Fatima Jinnah Shireen Jinnah Emibai Jinnah Maryam Jinnah Dina Wadia Wazir Mansion South Court Quaid - e-Azam Residency Related topics Caucus Case My Brother Bagh - e-Jinnah Jinnah ( film ) Cinnah Caddesi Mazar - e-Quaid Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway Quaid - i - Azam House Secular and Nationalist Jinnah Sindh - Madrasa - tul - Islam Quaid - i - Azam Academy Jinnah 's People 's Memorial Hall Jinnah Cap Governor General House Jinnah : India - Partition - Independence List of things named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah Commons Wikiquotes Indian Independence Movement History Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo - Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo - Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more Philosophies and ideologies Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj Events and movements Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ) Partition of Bengal ( 1947 ) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu -- German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-Cooperation Movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie - Begar Movement Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indische Legion Cripps ' mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Praja Mandala movement Organisations All India Kisan Sabha All - India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more Social reformers A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B.R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J.B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddi Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda Independence activists Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A.K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Shri Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M.N. Roy Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit ‎ Muhammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Sahib P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja - ud - Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud - Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi VO Chidamabaram V.K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more British leaders Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings Independence Cabinet Mission Annexation of French colonies in India Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference Pakistan Movement History of Pakistan ( timeline : 1947 -- present ) History East India Company Indian Rebellion of 1857 Aligarh Movement Urdu movement Partition of Bengal Lucknow Pact Khilafat Movement Shuddhi Movement Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Allahabad Address Now or Never pamphlet World War II Two nation theory Round Table Conferences Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Muslim nationalism in South Asia Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Radcliffe Line Durand Line Pakistan Osmanistan Enlightened Moderation Objectives Resolution Independence Republic Day Kashmir conflict National symbols Constitution of Pakistan British heritage Organisations Muslim League Punjab Branch Bengal Branch Unionist Student Federations Khaksars Renaissance Society Philosophical Congress Dawn Daily War Leaders Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Allama Muhammad Iqbal Aga Khan III Nawab Salimullah Mian Muhammad Shafi Syed Ameer Ali Muhammad Ali Jinnah Fatima Jinnah Liaquat Ali Khan Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman Muhammad Zafarullah Khan Bahadur Yar Jung Nawab Waqar - ul - Mulk Kamboh Mohsin - ul - Mulk Hasrat Mohani Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Baba - e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq G.M. Syed Abdur Rab Nishtar Qazi Muhammad Essa Choudhary Rahmat Ali Muhammad Ali Jouhar Maulana Shaukat Ali A.K. Fazlul Huq K.H. Khurshid Sikandar Hayat Khan Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Khawaja Nazimuddin Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan Ghulam Bhik Nairang Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan Jogendra Nath Mandal more Activists Hameed Nizami Abdullah Haroon Yusuf Haroon Altaf Husain ( journalist ) Adamjee Haji Dawood Mufti Muhammad Shafi Maulana Ahmed Ali Lahori Malik Barkat Ali Yusuf Khattak Mian Iftikharuddin Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot Shaukat Hayat Khan Muhammad Asad Ziauddin Ahmad A.B.A. Haleem Maulana Ghulam Rasool Mehr Hakeem Mohammad Saeed Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas Sardar Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Fida Mohammad Khan Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir Professor M.M. Sharif J.A. Rahim of PPP Z.A. Suleri G. Allana more Literature Idea of Pakistan Jinnah : India, Partition, Independence Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan A Short History of Pakistan Pakistan : A Personal History The Myth of Independence Pakistan : A Hard Country Now or Never ; Are We to Live or Perish Forever ? Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857 Architecture Minar - e-Pakistan Bab - e-Pakistan The Monument Mazar - e-Quaid Ziarat Residency Iqbal 's Tomb Wazir Mansion National Library Deena Public Hall Bab - e-Khyber Jinnah Terminal In Memory Youm - e-Pakistan ( 23 March ) Youm - e-Dastur ( 10 April ) Youm - e-Takbir ( 28 May ) Youm - e-Azadi ( 14 August ) Youm - e-Difah ( 6 September ) Youm - e-Tasees ( 24 October ) Youm - e-Iqbal ( 9 November ) Youm - e-Viladat ( 25 December ) Lucknow division topics General Awadh University of Lucknow Firangi Mahal United Provinces of Agra and Oudh Bara Imambara Chota Imambara Lucknow Zoo The Pioneer ( newspaper ) History Siege of Lucknow Lucknow Pact Nawab of Awadh Khilafat Movement Kakori conspiracy Districts Hardoi Lakhimpur Kheri Lucknow Raebareli Sitapur Unnao Rivers, dams, lakes Ganges Ghaghara Gomti Sarayu Languages, people Awadhi Hindustani Standard Hindi Urdu Transport NH 24B NH 25 NH 25A NH 56 NH 56A NH 56B Charbagh Railway Station Barabanki -- Lucknow Suburban Railway Lucknow -- Kanpur Suburban Railway Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport Lucknow Metro Industries Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Station Wildlife sanctuaries Kukrail Reserve Forest Dudhwa National Park Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary Samaspur Sanctuary Sandi Bird Sanctuary Lok Sabha constituencies Hardoi Misrikh Kheri Dhaurahra Lucknow Rae Bareli Sitapur Mohanlalganj Unnao See also Cities and towns in Hardoi district Cities and towns in Lakhimpur Kheri district Cities and towns in Lucknow district Cities and towns in Raebareli district Cities and towns in Sitapur district Cities and towns in Unnao district Villages in Hardoi district Villages in Lakhimpur Kheri district Villages in Lucknow district Villages in Raebareli district Villages in Unnao district People from Hardoi People from Lakhimpur Kheri People from Lucknow People from Raebareli People from Unnao Other Divisions Agra Aligarh Allahabad Azamgarh Bareilly Basti Chitrakoot Devipatan Faizabad Gorakhpur Jhansi Kanpur Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Saharanpur Varanasi Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucknow_Pact&oldid=836555932 '' Categories : Indian independence movement Pakistan Movement 1916 documents Hidden categories : Articles lacking sources from November 2016 All articles lacking sources All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Deutsch Français हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Svenska اردو 中文 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 15 April 2018, at 14 : 09. 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Question: lucknow congress session 1916 was presided over by—
Answer: Muhammad Ali Jinnah