Federal meat inspection Act - wikipedia Federal meat inspection Act Federal Meat Inspection Act Long title An Act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight. Acronyms ( colloquial ) FMIA Nicknames Agricultural Department Appropriations ( 1906 ) Enacted by the 59th United States Congress Effective March 5, 1906 Citations Public law 59 - 242 Statutes at Large 34 Stat. 1256 Codification Titles amended 21 U.S.C. : Food and Drugs U.S.C. sections created 21 U.S.C. ch. 12 § 601 et seq. Legislative history Introduced in the House as H.R. 24815 by James Wolcott Wadsworth ( R -- NY ) on January 23, 1907 Passed the House on February 14, 1907 ( Passed ) Passed the Senate on February 18, 1907 ( 47 - 9 ) with amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on March 2, 1907 ( 138 - 115 ) Signed into law by President Theodore Roosevelt on March 4, 1907 Major amendments Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 ( FMIA ) is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. These requirements also apply to imported meat products, which must be inspected under equivalent foreign standards. USDA inspection of poultry was added by the Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act authorizes the FDA to provide inspection services for all livestock and poultry species not listed in the FMIA or PPIA, including venison and buffalo. The Agricultural Marketing Act authorizes the USDA to offer voluntary, fee - for - service inspection services for these same species. Contents 1 Historical motivation for enactment 2 Provisions 3 Preemption of state law 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Historical motivation for enactment The original 1906 Act authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. Unlike previous laws ordering meat inspections, which were enforced to assure European nations from banning pork trade, this law was strongly motivated to protect the American diet. All labels on any type of food had to be accurate ( although not all ingredients were provided on the label ). Even though all harmful food was banned, a few warnings were still provided on the container. The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair 's The Jungle, an exposé of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era muckraking publications of the day. While Sinclair 's dramatized account was intended to bring attention to the terrible working conditions in Chicago, the public was more horrified by the prospect of bad meat. James Bronson Reynolds, 1907 The book 's assertions were confirmed in the Neill - Reynolds report, commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. Roosevelt was suspicious of Sinclair 's socialist attitude and conclusions in The Jungle, so he sent labor commissioner Charles P. Neill and social worker James Bronson Reynolds, men whose honesty and reliability he trusted, to Chicago to make surprise visits to meat packing facilities. Despite betrayal of the secret to the meat packers, who worked three shifts a day for three weeks to thwart the inspection, Neill and Reynolds were still revolted by the conditions at the factories and at the lack of concern by plant managers ( though neither had much experience in the field ). Following their report, Roosevelt became a supporter of regulation of the meat packing industry, and, on June 30, signed the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. Provisions The FMIA mandated the United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) inspection of meat processing plants that conducted business across state lines. The Pure Food and Drug Act, enacted on the same day in 1906, also gave the government broad jurisdiction over food in interstate commerce. The four primary requirements of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 were : Mandatory inspection of livestock before slaughter ( cattle, sheep, goats, equines, and swine ) ; Mandatory postmortem inspection of every carcass ; Sanitary standards established for slaughterhouses and meat processing plants ; and Authorized U.S. Department of Agriculture ongoing monitoring and inspection of slaughter and processing operations. After 1906, many additional laws that further standardized the meat industry and its inspection were passed. Preemption of state law In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in National Meat Assn. v. Harris, that the FMIA preempts a California law regulating the treatment of non-ambulatory livestock. See also Wholesome Meat Act References ^ Jump up to : `` Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 ~ P.L. 59 - 382 '' ( PDF ). 34 Stat. 669 ~ House Bill 18537. Legis Works. June 30, 1906. Jump up ^ David Greenberg. How Teddy Roosevelt Invented Spin : He used public opinion, the press, leaks to Congress, and Upton Sinclair to reform unconscionable industries, like the meatpackers., The Atlantic Monthly, 2016 Jump up ^ Powell, Jim. `` Bully Boy '' Crown Forum Publishing Group. 2006. p. 166 Jump up ^ Gerhard Peters ; John T. Woolley. `` Theodore Roosevelt : `` Special Message, '' June 4, 1906 ``. The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara. Jump up ^ Powell, Jim. `` Bully Boy '' Crown Forum Publishing Group. 2006. p. 167 Jump up ^ 34 Stat. 674 ( amended by Pub. L. No. 59 - 242, 34 Stat. 1260 ( 1967 ) ) ( codified at 21 U.S.C. § § 601 et seq. ). Jump up ^ Pub. L. No. 59 - 384, 34 Stat. 768 ( 1906 ), ( codified at 21 U.S.C. § § 1 - 15 ) ( 1934 ) ( repealed in 1938 by 21 U.S.C. § 392 ( a ) ). Jump up ^ National Meat Association v. Harris. SCOTUSblog ( 2012 - 01 - 23 ). Retrieved on 2014 - 01 - 14. Further reading Coppin, Clayton and Jack High. The Politics of Purity : Harvey Washington Wiley and the Origins of Federal Food Policy ( University of Michigan Press, 1999 ). Goodwin, Lorine S. The Pure Food, Drink, and Drug Crusaders, 1879 - 1914 ( McFarland, 1999 ). Law, Marc. `` History of Food and Drug Regulation in the United States ''. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. 2004. online Law, Marc T. `` The Origins of State Pure Food Regulation. '' Journal of Economic History 63 # 4 ( 2003 ) : 1103 - 1130. Libecap, Gary D. `` The rise of the Chicago packers and the origins of meat inspection and antitrust. '' Economic Inquiry 30.2 ( 1992 ) : 242 - 262. Emphasizes the role of the big packers and passage of the law that protected them against unsanitary local packing houses. Young, James H. Pure Food : Securing the Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 ( Princeton University Press. 1986 ). Young, James Harvey. `` The Pig that Fell into the Privy : Upton Sinclair 's The Jungle and the meat inspection amendments of 1906. '' Bulletin of the History of Medicine Vol. 59, no. 4 ( Winter 1985 ) : 467 - 80. External links Federal Meat Inspection Act, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Theodore Roosevelt 26th President of the United States, 1901 -- 1909 25th Vice President of the United States, 1901 33rd Governor of New York, 1899 -- 1900 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1897 -- 1898 New York City Police Commissioner, 1895 -- 1897 New York State Assemblyman, 1882 1883 1884 Presidency First inauguration historic site Second inauguiration `` Square Deal '' Booker T. Washington dinner Conservation Newlands Reclamation Act Transfer Act of 1905 Antiquities Act Pelican Island Devils Tower National Monument Muir Woods National Monument Other National Monuments United States Forest Service, United States Reclamation Service National Wildlife Refuge System Roosevelt Arch Conference of Governors Northern Securities Company breakup court case Coal strike of 1902 Pure Food and Drug Act Food and Drug Administration Meat Inspection Act Expediting Act Elkins Act Hepburn Act Aldrich -- Vreeland Act Federal Employers Liability Act Kinkaid Act Big Stick ideology Hay -- Bunau - Varilla Treaty Panama Canal Zone Panama Canal Venezuelan crisis Roosevelt Corollary Occupation of Cuba Russo - Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth 1906 Nobel Peace Prize Gentlemen 's Agreement of 1907 College football meetings Bureau of Investigation Department of Commerce and Labor Bureau of Corporations Keep Commission Inland Waterways Commission Bureau of the Census Great White Fleet Perdicaris incident Cabinet White House West Wing State of the Union Address, 1901 1906 1908 White House desk Federal judiciary appointments Other events Spanish -- American War Rough Riders Battle of Las Guasimas Battle of San Juan Hill `` Bull Moose '' Progressive Party New Nationalism Assassination attempt Boone and Crockett Club Smithsonian -- Roosevelt African Expedition `` River of Doubt '' Amazonian expedition Life and homes Birthplace, boyhood home replica Sagamore Hill Home and Museum Oyster Bay Elkhorn Ranch Maltese Cross Cabin Pine Knot cabin Gravesite Writings and speeches Theodore Roosevelt bibliography The Naval War of 1812 ( 1882 book ) `` The Strenuous Life '' ( 1899 speech ) `` Citizenship in a Republic '' ( 1910 speech ) `` I have just been shot '' ( 1912 speech ) Theodore Roosevelt : An Autobiography ( 1913 book ) The Forum magazine articles Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia Archival collections Elections New York state election, 1898 Republican National Convention, 1900 1904 1912 1916 United States presidential election, 1900 1904 1912 Legacy Mount Rushmore Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library White House Roosevelt Room Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Island Roosevelt National Forest Roosevelt Study Center Theodore Roosevelt Association Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park Monument Assemblage Roosevelt River Theodore Roosevelt Award Roosevelt Road U.S. Postage stamps Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider sculpture Equestrian statue Popular culture Teddy bear `` Speak softly, and carry a big stick '' Books Films Roosevelt in Africa 1910 documentary The Roosevelts 2014 documentary Related Political positions `` Bully pulpit '' Ananias Club `` Nature fakers '' Progressive Era A Guest of Honor Porcellian Club `` Muckraker '' National Collegiate Athletic Association `` Roosevelt Republican '' Family Alice Hathaway Lee ( first wife ) Edith Kermit Carow ( second wife ) Alice Lee Roosevelt ( daughter ) Theodore Roosevelt III ( son ) Kermit Roosevelt ( son ) Ethel Carow Roosevelt ( daughter ) Archibald Roosevelt ( son ) Quentin Roosevelt ( son ) Theodore Roosevelt Sr. ( father ) Martha Stewart Bulloch ( mother ) Anna Roosevelt ( sister ) Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt ( brother ) Corinne Roosevelt ( sister ) Cornelius Roosevelt ( grandfather ) James Stephens Bulloch ( grandfather ) James A. Roosevelt ( uncle ) Robert Roosevelt ( uncle ) James Dunwoody Bulloch ( half - uncle ) Irvine Bulloch ( uncle ) Theodore Douglas Robinson ( nephew ) Corinne Robinson ( niece ) Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( niece ) Hall Roosevelt ( nephew ) ← William McKinley William Howard Taft → Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Meat_Inspection_Act&oldid=819050589 '' Categories : 1906 in law Food law Food safety in the United States United States federal health legislation History of the United States ( 1865 -- 1918 ) Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 1906 in American politics Progressive Era in the United States Talk Contents About Wikipedia Edit links This page was last edited on 7 January 2018, at 03 : 41. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: what was the cause of the meat inspection act
Answer: conditions at the factories and at the lack of concern by plant managers