Hand - to - hand combat - wikipedia Hand - to - hand combat The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( July 2009 ) Part of a series on War History Prehistoric Ancient Post-classical Early Modern Late Modern Industrial Fourth - Gen Battlespace Air Cyber Information Land Mountain Sea Space Weapons Armor Artillery Biological Cavalry Chemical Conventional Cyber Electronic Infantry Nuclear Psychological Unconventional Tactics Aerial Battle Cavalry Charge Counterattack Counter-insurgency Cover Foxhole Guerrilla warfare Morale Siege Swarming Tactical objective Target saturation Trench warfare Operational Blitzkrieg Deep operation Maneuver warfare Operational manoeuvre group Strategy Attrition Counter-offensive Deception Defensive Goal Naval Offensive Grand strategy Containment Economic warfare Limited war Military science Philosophy of war Strategic studies Total war Organization Command and control Doctrine Engineers Intelligence Ranks Technology and equipment Personnel Military recruitment Conscription Recruit training Military specialism Women in the military Children in the military Transgender people and military service Sexual harassment in the military Conscientious objection Counter recruitment Logistics Arms industry Materiel Supply chain management Related Asymmetric warfare Broken - Backed War Theory Court - martial Cold war Deterrence theory Horses in warfare Irregular warfare Law of war Mercenary Military campaign Military operation Network - centric warfare Operations research Principles of war Proxy war Religious war Theater Tripwire force War crime War film War game War novel Wartime sexual violence Women in war World war Colonial war Lists Battles Military occupations Military tactics Operations Sieges War crimes Wars Weapons Writers Hand - to - hand combat ( sometimes abbreviated as HTH or H2H ) is a lethal or non-lethal physical confrontation between two or more persons at very short range ( grappling distance, or within the physical reach of a handheld weapon ) that does not involve the use of ranged weapons. While the phrase `` hand - to - hand '' appears to refer to unarmed combat, the term is generic and may include use of melee weapons such as knives, sticks, batons, spears, or improvised weapons such as entrenching tools. While the term hand - to - hand combat originally referred principally to engagements by combatants on the battlefield, it can also refer to any personal physical engagement by two or more people, including law enforcement officers, civilians, and criminals. Combat within close quarters ( to a range just beyond grappling distance ) is commonly termed close combat or close - quarters combat. It may include lethal and non-lethal weapons and methods depending upon the restrictions imposed by civilian law, military rules of engagement, or ethical codes. Close combat using firearms or other distance weapons by military combatants at the tactical level is modernly referred to as close quarter battle. The United States Army uses the term combatives to describe various military fighting systems used in hand - to - hand combat training, systems which may incorporate eclectic techniques from several different martial arts and combat sports. Contents 1 History 1.1 Modern hand - to - hand combat techniques 2 Modern usage 2.1 Military systems 3 Hand - to - hand historical battles 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Further reading History Hand - to - hand combat is the most ancient form of fighting known. A majority of cultures have their own particular histories related to close combat, and their own methods of practice. There are many varieties within the martial arts, including boxing and wrestling. Other variations include the gladiator spectacles of ancient Rome and medieval tournament events such as jousting. Military organizations have always taught some sort of unarmed combat for conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Soldiers in China were trained in unarmed combat as early as the Zhou Dynasty ( 1022 BCE to 256 BCE ). Despite major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder, the machine gun in the Russo - Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I, hand - to - hand fighting methods such as bayonet remained common in modern military training, though the importance of formal training declined after 1918. By 1944 some German rifles were being produced without bayonet lugs. Modern hand - to - hand combat techniques The centre of the International Settlement of Shanghai, 1928. Close Quarters Combat, or World War II combatives, was largely codified by William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric Anthony Sykes. Also known for their eponymous Fairbairn - Sykes fighting knife, Fairbairn and Sykes had worked in the Shanghai Municipal Police of the International Settlement ( 1854 -- 1943 ) of Shanghai in the 1920s, widely acknowledged as the most dangerous port city in the world due to a heavy opium trade run by organised crime ( the Chinese Triads ). After the May Thirtieth Movement riots, which resulted in a police massacre, Fairbairn was charged with developing an auxiliary squad for riot control and aggressive policing. After absorbing the most appropriate elements from a variety of martial - arts experts, from China, Japan and elsewhere, he condensed these arts into a practical combat system he called Defendu. He and his police team went on to field - test these skills on the streets of Shanghai ; Fairbairn himself used his combat system effectively in over 2000 documented encounters, including over 600 lethal - force engagements. The aim of his combat system was simply to be as brutally effective as possible. It was also a system that, unlike traditional Eastern martial - arts that required years of intensive training, could be digested by recruits relatively quickly. The method incorporated training in point shooting and gun combat techniques, as well as the effective use of more ad hoc weapons such as chairs or table legs. During the Second World War, Fairbairn was brought back to Britain, and, after demonstrating the effectiveness of his techniques, was recruited to train the British commandos in his combat method. During this period, he expanded his ' Shanghai Method ' into the ' Silent Killing Close Quarters Combat method ' for military application. This became standard combat training for all British Special Operations personnel. He also designed the pioneering Fairbairn - Sykes fighting knife, which was adopted for use by British and American Special Forces. In 1942, he published a textbook for close quarters combat training called Get Tough. U.S. Army officers Rex Applegate and Anthony Biddle were taught Fairbairn 's methods at a training facility in Scotland, and adopted the program for the training of OSS operatives at a newly opened camp near Lake Ontario in Canada. Applegate published his work in 1943, called Kill or Get Killed. During the war, training was provided to British Commandos, the Devil 's Brigade, OSS, U.S. Army Rangers and Marine Raiders. Other combat systems designed for military combat were introduced elsewhere, including European Unifight, Soviet / Russian Sambo, Army hand - to - hand fight, Chinese military Sanshou / Sanda, Israeli Kapap and Krav Maga. The prevalence and style of hand - to - hand combat training often changes based on perceived need. Elite units such as special forces and commando units tend to place higher emphasis on hand - to - hand combat training. Although hand - to - hand fighting was accorded less importance in major militaries after World War II, insurgency conflicts such as the Vietnam War, low intensity conflict and urban warfare have prompted many armies to pay more attention to this form of combat. When such fighting includes firearms designed for close - in fighting, it is often referred to as Close Quarters Battle ( CQB ) at the platoon or squad level, or Military Operations on Urban Terrain ( MOUT ) at higher tactical levels. Modern usage The chokehold demonstrated in hand - to - hand combat training. Military systems In 2002, the U.S. Army adopted the Modern Army Combatives ( MAC ) hand - to - hand combat training program with the publishing of U.S. Army field manual ( FM 3 - 25.150 ) and the establishment of the U.S. Army Combatives School at Ft Benning, Georgia. The U.S. Air Force adopted MAC as its hand - to - hand combat system in early 2008. In the U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Martial Arts Program ( MCMAP ) replaced the Marine Corps LINE combat system in 2002. Each Marine keeps a record book that records their training, and a colored belt system ( tan, gray, green, brown, and black in order of precedence ) is used to denote experience and skill level, similar to many Asian martial arts. Hand - to - hand historical battles The Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, the first battle in the Anglo - Zulu War, turned into close combat when the British exhausted their ammunition and resulted in a decisive victory for the Zulus over the modern British army. On October 22, 1986, during the Pudu Prison siege, the Special Actions Unit ( special ops unit of the Royal Malaysia Police ) turned to hand - to - hand combat, using batons and rattan canes, after the Malaysian Prime Minister ordered the resolution of the hostage crisis without the use of firearms. The result was a victory for the police, and the five prisoners holding hostages in Pudu Prison were arrested. This was a successful hostage rescue mission with the assault team resolving the crisis without firearms, using hand - to - hand combat to subdue the prisoners and rescue the hostages. Battle of Danny Boy took place close to the city of Amarah in southern Iraq on 14 May 2004, between British soldiers and about 100 Iraqi insurgents of the Mahdi Army. The insurgents ambushed a patrol of Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders close to a checkpoint known as Danny Boy near Majar al - Kabir. The Argylls called in reinforcements from the 1st Battalion of the Princess of Wales 's Royal Regiment ; the latter were also ambushed and due to an electronic communications failure it was some time before further British relief arrived. While waiting for reinforcements the British were involved in one of the fiercest engagements they fought in Iraq. The fighting involved close - quarter rifle fire and bayonets. The battle lasted for about three hours during which 28 Mahdi Army insurgents were killed ; the British suffered some wounded, but none were killed in the action. See also Ancillary weapon Knife fight References ^ Jump up to : Hunsicker, A., Advanced Skills in Executive Protection, Boca Raton FL : Universal Publishers, ISBN 1 - 59942 - 849 - 0, ISBN 978 - 1 - 59942 - 849 - 9, p. 51 ^ Jump up to : Chambers, John W. ; Fairbairn, W.E. OSS Training in the National Parks and Service Abroad in World War II, Washington, D.C., U.S. National Park Service ( 2008 ), p. 191 Jump up ^ Fairbairn, W.E. Get Tough ! Paladin Press, 1 December 1996. ISBN 978 - 0 - 87364 - 002 - 2 Retrieved October 12, 2014 Jump up ^ Kevin Brett. `` History of Modern Reality Self - Defense and Close - Quarter Combat Systems ''. www.aikiproductions.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014. Jump up ^ Michelle Tan ( May 1, 2008 ). `` Combatives Program wrestles toward permanency ''. Army Times. Retrieved October 12, 2014. Jump up ^ Michelle Tan and Erik Holmes ( January 28, 2008 ). `` Combatives training inspires Air Force Service to start program like Army 's ''. Air Force Times. Retrieved October 12, 2014. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Further reading Close Combat ( MCRP 3 - 02B ), USMC, February 1999. Commercial ISBN 1 - 58160 - 073 - 9 Get Tough ! by William E. Fairbairn, 1942. Details basic commando techniques. Reprint ISBN 0 - 87364 - 002 - 0 Kill or Get Killed by Rex Applegate, 1943. Widely redistributed within the USMC from 1991 as FMFRP 12 - 80. ISBN 0 - 87364 - 084 - 5 In Search of the Warrior Spirit : Teaching Awareness Disciplines to the Green Berets by Richard Strozzi - Heckler. 3rd edition ISBN 1 - 55643 - 425 - 1 Fleet Marine Force Manual ( FMFM ) 0 - 7, Close Combat, USMC, July 1993. Combatives : FM 3 - 25.150 Commercial reprint of 2002 U.S. Army manual incorporates Brazilian Jiu - Jitsu. ISBN 1 - 58160 - 448 - 3 Martial arts List of styles History Timeline Hard and soft Regional origin China Europe India Indonesia Japan Korea Philippines Unarmed techniques Chokehold Clinch Footwork Elbow strike Headbutt Hold Kick Knee strike Joint lock Punch Sweep Takedown Throw Weapons Archery Knife fighting Melee weapons Shooting Stick - fighting Swordsmanship Training Kata Practice weapon Punching bag Pushing hands Randori Sparring Grappling Brazilian jiu - jitsu Judo Jujutsu Sambo Sumo Wrestling Striking Boxing Capoeira Karate Kickboxing Muay Thai Lethwei Sanshou Savate Taekwondo Vovinam Internal Aikido Aikijutsu Baguazhang Tai chi Xing Yi Quan Full contact / combat sports Professional boxing Professional kickboxing Knockdown karate Mixed martial arts Pankration Submission wrestling Self - defense / combatives Arnis Bartitsu Hapkido Kajukenbo Krav Maga MCMAP Pencak Silat Systema Wing Chun Legal aspects Eclectic / hybrids American Kenpo Chun Kuk Do Jeet Kune Do Kuk Sool Shooto Shorinji Kempo Unifight Entertainment Fighting game Martial arts film ( Chanbara ) Professional wrestling Stage combat Wuxia The Martial Arts Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand-to-hand_combat&oldid=838315970 '' Categories : Hybrid martial arts Hand to hand tactics Law enforcement techniques Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Articles with limited geographic scope from July 2009 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español Esperanto Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Қазақша Lietuvių Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 粵語 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 07 : 21. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what fighting style does the us military use
Answer: Hand-to-hand combat