Erwin Chargaff - wikipedia Erwin Chargaff Erwin Chargaff Erwin Chargaff ( 1905 - 08 - 11 ) August 11, 1905 Czernowitz, Duchy of Bukovina, Austria - Hungary June 20, 2002 ( 2002 - 06 - 20 ) ( aged 96 ) Manhattan, New York City, United States Nationality American ( since 1940 ) Education Maximiliansgymnasium, Vienna Alma mater Vienna College of Technology ( 1924 -- 1928 ) Known for Chargaff 's rules Spouse ( s ) Vera Broido ( m. 1928 ; d. 1995 ) Children Thomas Chargaff Awards Pasteur Medal ( 1949 ), National Medal of Science ( 1974 ) Scientific career Fields Biochemistry Institutions Yale University ( 1925 -- 1930 ), University of Berlin ( 1930 -- 1933 ), Pasteur Institute ( 1933 -- 1934 ), Columbia University ( 1935 -- 1974 ), Roosevelt Hospital ( 1974 -- 1992 ) Doctoral advisor Fritz Feigl Doctoral students Seymour S. Cohen, David Sprinson, Boris Magasanik Signature Erwin Chargaff ( 11 August 1905 -- 20 June 2002 ) was an Austro - Hungarian biochemist that immigrated to the United States during the Nazi era and was a professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school. Through careful experimentation, Chargaff discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. The first rule was that in DNA the number of guanine units is equal to the number of cytosine units, and the number of adenine units is equal to the number of thymine units. This hinted at the base pair makeup of DNA. The second rule was that the relative amounts of guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine bases vary from one species to another. This hinted that DNA rather than protein could be the genetic material. Contents 1 Early life 2 Columbia University 3 Chargaff 's rules 4 Later life 5 Honors 6 Books authored 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources 10 External links Early life Chargaff was born on 11 August 1905 to a Jewish family in Czernowitz, Duchy of Bukovina, Austria - Hungary, which is now Chernivtsi, Ukraine. At the outbreak of World War I, his family moved to Vienna, where he attended the Maximiliansgymnasium ( now the Gymnasium Wasagasse ). He then went on to the Vienna College of Technology ( Technische Hochschule Wien ) where he met his future wife Vera Broido. From 1924 to 1928, Chargaff studied chemistry in Vienna, and earned a doctorate working under the direction of Fritz Feigl. He married Vera Broido in 1928. Chargaff had one son, Thomas Chargaff. From 1925 to 1930, Chargaff served as the Milton Campbell Research Fellow in organic chemistry at Yale University, but he did not like New Haven, Connecticut. Chargaff returned to Europe, where he lived from 1930 to 1934, serving first as the assistant in charge of chemistry for the department of bacteriology and public health at the University of Berlin ( 1930 -- 1933 ) and then, being forced to resign his position in Germany as a result of the Nazi policies against Jews, as a research associate at the Pasteur Institute in Paris ( 1933 -- 1934 ). Columbia University Chargaff emigrated to Manhattan, New York City in 1935, taking a position as a research associate in the department of biochemistry at Columbia University, where he spent most of his professional career. Chargaff became an assistant professor in 1938 and a professor in 1952. After serving as department chair from 1970 to 1974, Chargaff retired as professor emeritus. After his retirement as professor emeritus, Chargaff moved his lab to Roosevelt Hospital, where he continued to work until his retirement in 1992. He became an American citizen in 1940. During his time at Columbia, Chargaff published numerous scientific papers, dealing primarily with the study of nucleic acids such as DNA using chromatographic techniques. He became interested in DNA in 1944 after Oswald Avery identified the molecule as the basis of heredity. In 1950, he discovered that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were roughly the same, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine. This later became known as the first of Chargaff 's rules. Chargaff 's rules Erwin Chargaff proposed two main rules in his lifetime which were appropriately named Chargaff 's rules. The first and best known achievement was to show that in natural DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units. In human DNA, for example, the four bases are present in these percentages : A = 30.9 % and T = 29.4 % ; G = 19.9 % and C = 19.8 %. This strongly hinted towards the base pair makeup of the DNA, although Chargaff did not explicitly state this connection himself. For this research, Chargaff is credited with disproving the tetranucleotide hypothesis ( Phoebus Levene 's widely accepted hypothesis that DNA was composed of a large number of repeats of GACT ). Most researchers had previously assumed that deviations from equimolar base ratios ( G = A = C = T ) were due to experimental error, but Chargaff documented that the variation was real, with ( C + G ) typically being slightly less abundant. He was able to do this with the newly developed paper chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Chargaff met Francis Crick and James D. Watson at Cambridge in 1952, and, despite not getting along with them personally, he explained his findings to them. Chargaff 's research would later help the Watson and Crick laboratory team to deduce the double helical structure of DNA. The second of Chargaff 's rules is that the composition of DNA varies from one species to another, in particular in the relative amounts of A, G, T, and C bases. Such evidence of molecular diversity, which had been presumed absent from DNA, made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material than protein. Later life Beginning in the 1950s, Chargaff became increasingly outspoken about the failure of the field of molecular biology, claiming that molecular biology was `` running riot and doing things that can never be justified ''. He believed that human knowledge will always be limited in relation to the complexity of the natural world, and that it is simply dangerous when humans believe that the world is a machine, even assuming that humans can have full knowledge of its workings. He also believed that in a world that functions as a complex system of interdependency and interconnectedness, genetic engineering of life will inevitably have unforeseen consequences. Chargaff warned that `` the technology of genetic engineering poses a greater threat to the world than the advent of nuclear technology. An irreversible attack on the biosphere is something so unheard of, so unthinkable to previous generations, that I only wish that mine had not been guilty of it ''. After Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins received the 1962 Nobel Prize for their work on discovering the double helix of DNA, Chargaff withdrew from his lab and wrote to scientists all over the world about his exclusion. He died on 20 June 2002 in Manhattan, New York City. Honors Honors awarded to him include the Pasteur Medal ( 1949 ) and the National Medal of Science ( 1974 ). Books authored Chargaff, Erwin ( 1978 ). Heraclitean Fire : Sketches from a Life Before Nature. Rockefeller University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0 - 874 - 70029 - 9. Serious Questions, An ABC of Sceptical Reflections. Boston, Basel, Stuttgart : Birkhäuser, 1986 Die Aussicht vom dreizehnten Stock. Stuttgart : Klett - Cotta, 1998. See also Nobel Prize controversies References Jump up ^ Wright, Pearce ( 2 July 2002 ). `` Erwin Chargaff : Disillusioned biochemist who pioneered our understanding of DNA ''. Obituaries. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2011. Jump up ^ http://www.bookrags.com/biography/erwin-chargaff-woc/ Jump up ^ Chargaff, Erwin ; Stephen Zamenhof ; Charlotte Green ( May 1950 ). `` Composition of human desoxypentose nucleic acid ''. Nature. 165 ( 4202 ) : 756 -- 7. Bibcode : 1950Natur. 165... 756C. doi : 10.1038 / 165756b0. PMID 15416834. Jump up ^ `` James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin ''. chemheritage.org. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2017. Jump up ^ Judson, Horace ( 20 October 2003 ). `` No Nobel Prize for Whining ''. New York Times. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 03. Jump up ^ Nicholas Wade ( June 30, 2002 ). `` Erwin Chargaff, 96, Pioneer In DNA Chemical Research ''. New York Times. Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 23. Erwin Chargaff, whose research into the chemical composition of DNA helped lay the groundwork for James Watson and Francis Crick 's discovery of its double - helix structure -- the pivotal finding of 20th - century biology -- died on June 20 in a New York hospital. He was 96. Jump up ^ National Science Foundation -- The President 's National Medal of Science Sources Erwin Chargaff Papers, American Philosophical Society Chargaff obituary from The Guardian, July 2, 2002 Watson, James D. ; Baker, Tania A. ; Bell, Stephen B. ; Gann, Alexander ; Levine, Michael ; Losick, Richard ( 2004 ). Molecular Biology of the Gene ( 5th ed. ). Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0 - 8053 - 4635 - X. The composition of the deoxyribonucleic acid of salmon sperm by E. Chargaff, R. Lipshitz, C. Green and M.E. Hodes in Journal of Biological Chemistry ( 1951 ) volume 192 pages 223 - 230. Watson, James D. ( 1980 ) ( orig. 1968 ). The Double Helix : A personal account of the discovery of the structure of DNA ( critical ed. ). Norton. ISBN 0 - 393 - 01245 - X. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Erwin Chargaff `` How Genetics Got a Chemical Education ''. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( 1979 ), 325, 345 - 360. ( 1 ) Weintraub, B. ( 2006 ) ; Erwin Chargaff and Chargaff 's Rules. Chemistry in Israel, Bulletin of the Israel Chemical Society. Issue No. 22, Sept. 2006. p29 - 31. Key Participants : Erwin Chargaff -- Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA : A Documentary History National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir United States National Medal of Science laureates Behavioral and social science 1960s 1964 : Roger Adams Othmar H. Ammann Theodosius Dobzhansky Neal Elgar Miller 1980s 1986 : Herbert A. Simon 1987 : Anne Anastasi George J. Stigler 1988 : Milton Friedman 1990s 1990 : Leonid Hurwicz Patrick Suppes 1991 : Robert W. Kates George A. Miller 1992 : Eleanor J. Gibson 1994 : Robert K. Merton 1995 : Roger N. Shepard 1996 : Paul Samuelson 1997 : William K. Estes 1998 : William Julius Wilson 1999 : Robert M. Solow 2000s 2000 : Gary Becker 2001 : George Bass 2003 : R. Duncan Luce 2004 : Kenneth Arrow 2005 : Gordon H. Bower 2008 : Michael I. Posner 2009 : Mortimer Mishkin 2010s 2011 : Anne Treisman 2014 : Robert Axelrod 2015 : Albert Bandura Biological sciences 1960s 1963 : C.B. van Niel 1964 : Marshall W. Nirenberg 1965 : Francis P. Rous George G. Simpson Donald D. Van Slyke 1966 : Edward F. Knipling Fritz Albert Lipmann William C. Rose Sewall Wright 1967 : Kenneth S. Cole Harry F. Harlow Michael Heidelberger Alfred H. Sturtevant 1968 : Horace Barker Bernard B. Brodie Detlev W. Bronk Jay Lush Burrhus Frederic Skinner 1969 : Robert Huebner Ernst Mayr 1970s 1970 : Barbara McClintock Albert B. Sabin 1973 : Daniel I. Arnon Earl W. Sutherland Jr. 1974 : Britton Chance Erwin Chargaff James V. Neel James Augustine Shannon 1975 : Hallowell Davis Paul Gyorgy Sterling B. Hendricks Orville Alvin Vogel 1976 : Roger Guillemin Keith Roberts Porter Efraim Racker E.O. Wilson 1979 : Robert H. Burris Elizabeth C. Crosby Arthur Kornberg Severo Ochoa Earl Reece Stadtman George Ledyard Stebbins Paul Alfred Weiss 1980s 1981 : Philip Handler 1982 : Seymour Benzer Glenn W. Burton Mildred Cohn 1983 : Howard L. Bachrach Paul Berg Wendell L. Roelofs Berta Scharrer 1986 : Stanley Cohen Donald A. Henderson Vernon B. Mountcastle George Emil Palade Joan A. Steitz 1987 : Michael E. DeBakey Theodor O. Diener Harry Eagle Har Gobind Khorana Rita Levi - Montalcini 1988 : Michael S. Brown Stanley Norman Cohen Joseph L. Goldstein Maurice R. Hilleman Eric R. Kandel Rosalyn Sussman Yalow 1989 : Katherine Esau Viktor Hamburger Philip Leder Joshua Lederberg Roger W. Sperry Harland G. Wood 1990s 1990 : Baruj Benacerraf Herbert W. Boyer Daniel E. Koshland Jr. Edward B. Lewis David G. Nathan E. Donnall Thomas 1991 : Mary Ellen Avery G. Evelyn Hutchinson Elvin A. Kabat Salvador Luria Paul A. Marks Folke K. Skoog Paul C. Zamecnik 1992 : Maxine Singer Howard Martin Temin 1993 : Daniel Nathans Salome G. Waelsch 1994 : Thomas Eisner Elizabeth F. Neufeld 1995 : Alexander Rich 1996 : Ruth Patrick 1997 : James Watson Robert A. Weinberg 1998 : Bruce Ames Janet Rowley 1999 : David Baltimore Jared Diamond Lynn Margulis 2000s 2000 : Nancy C. Andreasen Peter H. Raven Carl Woese 2001 : Francisco J. Ayala Mario R. Capecchi Ann Graybiel Gene E. Likens Victor A. McKusick Harold Varmus 2002 : James E. Darnell Evelyn M. Witkin 2003 : J. Michael Bishop Solomon H. Snyder Charles Yanofsky 2004 : Norman E. Borlaug Phillip A. Sharp Thomas E. Starzl 2005 : Anthony S. Fauci Torsten N. Wiesel 2006 : Rita R. Colwell Nina Fedoroff Lubert Stryer 2007 : Robert J. Lefkowitz Bert W. O'Malley 2008 : Francis S. Collins Elaine Fuchs J. Craig Venter 2009 : Susan L. Lindquist Stanley B. Prusiner 2010s 2010 : Ralph L. Brinster Shu Chien Rudolf Jaenisch 2011 : Lucy Shapiro Leroy Hood Sallie Chisholm 2014 : May Berenbaum Bruce Alberts 2015 : Stanley Falkow Rakesh K. Jain Mary - Claire King Simon Levin Chemistry 1980s 1982 : F. Albert Cotton Gilbert Stork 1983 : Roald Hoffmann George C. Pimentel Richard N. Zare 1986 : Harry B. Gray Yuan Tseh Lee Carl S. Marvel Frank H. Westheimer 1987 : William S. Johnson Walter H. Stockmayer Max Tishler 1988 : William O. Baker Konrad E. Bloch Elias J. Corey 1989 : Richard B. Bernstein Melvin Calvin Rudolph A. Marcus Harden M. McConnell 1990s 1990 : Elkan Blout Karl Folkers John D. Roberts 1991 : Ronald Breslow Gertrude B. Elion Dudley R. Herschbach Glenn T. Seaborg 1992 : Howard E. Simmons Jr. 1993 : Donald J. Cram Norman Hackerman 1994 : George S. Hammond 1995 : Thomas Cech Isabella L. Karle 1996 : Norman Davidson 1997 : Darleane C. Hoffman Harold S. Johnston 1998 : John W. Cahn George M. Whitesides 1999 : Stuart A. Rice John Ross Susan Solomon 2000s 2000 : John D. Baldeschwieler Ralph F. Hirschmann 2001 : Ernest R. Davidson Gábor A. Somorjai 2002 : John I. Brauman 2004 : Stephen J. Lippard 2006 : Marvin H. Caruthers Peter B. Dervan 2007 : Mostafa A. El - Sayed 2008 : Joanna Fowler JoAnne Stubbe 2009 : Stephen J. Benkovic Marye Anne Fox 2010s 2010 : Jacqueline K. Barton Peter J. Stang 2011 : Allen J. Bard M. Frederick Hawthorne 2014 : Judith P. Klinman Jerrold Meinwald 2015 : A. Paul Alivisatos Geraldine L. Richmond Engineering sciences 1960s 1962 : Theodore von Kármán 1963 : Vannevar Bush John Robinson Pierce 1964 : Charles S. Draper 1965 : Hugh L. Dryden Clarence L. Johnson Warren K. Lewis 1966 : Claude E. Shannon 1967 : Edwin H. Land Igor I. Sikorsky 1968 : J. Presper Eckert Nathan M. Newmark 1969 : Jack St. Clair Kilby 1970s 1970 : George E. Mueller 1973 : Harold E. Edgerton Richard T. Whitcomb 1974 : Rudolf Kompfner Ralph Brazelton Peck Abel Wolman 1975 : Manson Benedict William Hayward Pickering Frederick E. Terman Wernher von Braun 1976 : Morris Cohen Peter C. Goldmark Erwin Wilhelm Müller 1979 : Emmett N. Leith Raymond D. Mindlin Robert N. Noyce Earl R. Parker Simon Ramo 1980s 1982 : Edward H. Heinemann Donald L. Katz 1983 : William Redington Hewlett George M. Low John G. Trump 1986 : Hans Wolfgang Liepmann T.Y. Lin Bernard M. Oliver 1987 : R. Byron Bird H. Bolton Seed Ernst Weber 1988 : Daniel C. Drucker Willis M. Hawkins George W. Housner 1989 : Harry George Drickamer Herbert E. Grier 1990s 1990 : Mildred Dresselhaus Nick Holonyak Jr. 1991 : George H. Heilmeier Luna B. Leopold H. Guyford Stever 1992 : Calvin F. Quate John Roy Whinnery 1993 : Alfred Y. Cho 1994 : Ray W. Clough 1995 : Hermann A. Haus 1996 : James L. Flanagan C. Kumar N. Patel 1998 : Eli Ruckenstein 1999 : Kenneth N. Stevens 2000s 2000 : Yuan - Cheng B. Fung 2001 : Andreas Acrivos 2002 : Leo Beranek 2003 : John M. Prausnitz 2004 : Edwin N. Lightfoot 2005 : Jan D. Achenbach Tobin J. Marks 2006 : Robert S. Langer 2007 : David J. Wineland 2008 : Rudolf E. Kálmán 2009 : Amnon Yariv 2010s 2010 : Shu Chien 2011 : John B. Goodenough 2014 : Thomas Kailath Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences 1960s 1963 : Norbert Wiener 1964 : Solomon Lefschetz H. Marston Morse 1965 : Oscar Zariski 1966 : John Milnor 1967 : Paul Cohen 1968 : Jerzy Neyman 1969 : William Feller 1970s 1970 : Richard Brauer 1973 : John Tukey 1974 : Kurt Gödel 1975 : John W. Backus Shiing - Shen Chern George Dantzig 1976 : Kurt Otto Friedrichs Hassler Whitney 1979 : Joseph L. Doob Donald E. Knuth 1980s 1982 : Marshall Harvey Stone 1983 : Herman Goldstine Isadore Singer 1986 : Peter Lax Antoni Zygmund 1987 : Raoul Bott Michael Freedman 1988 : Ralph E. Gomory Joseph B. Keller 1989 : Samuel Karlin Saunders Mac Lane Donald C. Spencer 1990s 1990 : George F. 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Zworykin 1967 : Jesse Beams Francis Birch Gregory Breit Louis Hammett George Kistiakowsky 1968 : Paul Bartlett Herbert Friedman Lars Onsager Eugene Wigner 1969 : Herbert C. Brown Wolfgang Panofsky 1970s 1970 : Robert H. Dicke Allan R. Sandage John C. Slater John A. Wheeler Saul Winstein 1973 : Carl Djerassi Maurice Ewing Arie Jan Haagen - Smit Vladimir Haensel Frederick Seitz Robert Rathbun Wilson 1974 : Nicolaas Bloembergen Paul Flory William Alfred Fowler Linus Carl Pauling Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer 1975 : Hans A. Bethe Joseph O. Hirschfelder Lewis Sarett Edgar Bright Wilson Chien - Shiung Wu 1976 : Samuel Goudsmit Herbert S. Gutowsky Frederick Rossini Verner Suomi Henry Taube George Uhlenbeck 1979 : Richard P. Feynman Herman Mark Edward M. Purcell John Sinfelt Lyman Spitzer Victor F. Weisskopf 1980s 1982 : Philip W. Anderson Yoichiro Nambu Edward Teller Charles H. Townes 1983 : E. Margaret Burbidge Maurice Goldhaber Helmut Landsberg Walter Munk Frederick Reines Bruno B. Rossi J. Robert Schrieffer 1986 : Solomon J. Buchsbaum H. Richard Crane Herman Feshbach Robert Hofstadter Chen - Ning Yang 1987 : Philip Abelson Walter Elsasser Paul C. Lauterbur George Pake James A. Van Allen 1988 : D. Allan Bromley Paul Ching - Wu Chu Walter Kohn Norman F. Ramsey Jack Steinberger 1989 : Arnold O. Beckman Eugene Parker Robert Sharp Henry Stommel 1990s 1990 : Allan M. Cormack Edwin M. McMillan Robert Pound Roger Revelle 1991 : Arthur L. Schawlow Ed Stone Steven Weinberg 1992 : Eugene M. Shoemaker 1993 : Val Fitch Vera Rubin 1994 : Albert Overhauser Frank Press 1995 : Hans Dehmelt Peter Goldreich 1996 : Wallace S. Broecker 1997 : Marshall Rosenbluth Martin Schwarzschild George Wetherill 1998 : Don L. Anderson John N. Bahcall 1999 : James Cronin Leo Kadanoff 2000s 2000 : Willis E. Lamb Jeremiah P. Ostriker Gilbert F. White 2001 : Marvin L. Cohen Raymond Davis Jr. Charles Keeling 2002 : Richard Garwin W. Jason Morgan Edward Witten 2003 : G. Brent Dalrymple Riccardo Giacconi 2004 : Robert N. Clayton 2005 : Ralph A. Alpher Lonnie Thompson 2006 : Daniel Kleppner 2007 : Fay Ajzenberg - Selove Charles P. Slichter 2008 : Berni Alder James E. Gunn 2009 : Yakir Aharonov Esther M. Conwell Warren M. Washington 2010s 2011 : Sidney Drell Sandra Faber Sylvester James Gates 2014 : Burton Richter Sean C. Solomon 2015 : Shirley Ann Jackson Heineken Prizes Biochemistry and Biophysics Chargaff ( 1964 ) Brachet ( 1967 ) Chance ( 1970 ) De Duve ( 1973 ) Van Deenen ( 1976 ) Klug ( 1979 ) Weissmann ( 1982 ) Julesz & Reichardt ( 1985 ) Cech ( 1988 ) Leder ( 1990 ) Borst ( 1992 ) Berridge ( 1994 ) Nurse ( 1996 ) Pawson ( 1998 ) Rothman ( 2000 ) Tsien ( 2002 ) Fire ( 2004 ) Jeffreys ( 2006 ) Szostak ( 2008 ) Hartl ( 2010 ) De Lange ( 2012 ) Dobson ( 2014 ) Doudna ( 2016 ) Medicine Lauterbur ( 1989 ) Van Rood ( 1990 ) Moncada ( 1992 ) Montagnier ( 1994 ) De Wied ( 1996 ) Marshall ( 1998 ) Kandel ( 2000 ) Selkoe ( 2002 ) Blackburn ( 2004 ) King ( 2006 ) Peto ( 2008 ) Steinman ( 2010 ) Clevers ( 2012 ) Alitalo ( 2014 ) Jackson ( 2016 ) Environmental Sciences Lovelock ( 1990 ) Branica ( 1992 ) BirdLife International ( 1994 ) Daly ( 1996 ) Ehrlich ( 1998 ) Harremoës ( 2000 ) Thompson ( 2002 ) Levin ( 2004 ) Pimm ( 2006 ) Brunekreef ( 2008 ) Tilman ( 2010 ) Laurance ( 2012 ) Damsté ( 2014 ) Mace ( 2016 ) History Gay ( 1990 ) Van der Wee ( 1992 ) Brown ( 1994 ) Oberman ( 1996 ) Ozouf ( 1998 ) De Vries ( 2000 ) Schilling ( 2002 ) Le Goff ( 2004 ) Mokyr ( 2006 ) Israel ( 2008 ) McKitterick ( 2010 ) Parker ( 2012 ) Assmann ( 2014 ) Herrin ( 2016 ) Cognitive Science Anderson ( 2006 ) Dehaene ( 2008 ) Tomasello ( 2010 ) Duncan ( 2012 ) McClelland ( 2014 ) Spelke ( 2016 ) Art Verhoef ( 1988 ) Bot ( 1990 ) C. Visser ( 1992 ) Röling ( 1994 ) Martens ( 1996 ) Van de Pavert ( 1998 ) Geelen ( 2000 ) Mik ( 2002 ) Van Golden ( 2004 ) Koelewijn ( 2006 ) B. Visser ( 2008 ) Manders ( 2010 ) Struycken ( 2012 ) Van Oldenborgh ( 2014 ) Dröge Wendel ( 2016 ) VIAF : 108284187 LCCN : n80046413 ISNI : 0000 0001 0931 0433 GND : 11852013X SUDOC : 028429087 BNF : cb12026629p ( data ) NDL : 00435738 IATH : w6hf01t4 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Chargaff&oldid=815723095 '' Categories : Jewish scientists Austrian biochemists American biochemists Columbia University faculty Guggenheim Fellows National Medal of Science laureates Bukovina Jews Austro - Hungarian Jews Austrian Jews Austro - Hungarian emigrants to the United States People from Chernivtsi People from the Duchy of Bukovina 1905 births 2002 deaths Winners of the Heineken Prize Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States Hidden categories : Biography with signature Pages to import images to Wikidata Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011 Use dmy dates from February 2013 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote تۆرکجه Català Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français Gaeilge Հայերեն Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 December 2017, at 18 : 11. 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Question: who contributed to the discovery of dna structure
Answer: Erwin Chargaff