Bordeaux wine Official classification of 1855 - wikipedia Bordeaux wine Official classification of 1855 Châteaux of Bordeaux The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 resulted from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, when Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France 's best Bordeaux wines that were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château 's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths ( crus ). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except for one : Château Haut - Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from superior first growth to second growth. Contents 1 Changes to the classification 2 Critique 3 The Médoc Classification of 1855 3.1 The Red Wines of the Gironde 3.1. 1 First Growths ( Premiers Crus ) 3.1. 2 Second Growths ( Deuxièmes Crus ) 3.1. 3 Third Growths ( Troisièmes Crus ) 3.1. 4 Fourth Growths ( Quatrièmes Crus ) 3.1. 5 Fifth Growths ( Cinquièmes Crus ) 3.2 The White Wines of the Gironde 3.2. 1 Superior First Growth ( Premier Cru Supérieur ) 3.2. 2 First Growths ( Premier Crus ) 3.2. 3 Second Growths ( Deuxième Crus ) 4 See also 5 Notes and references 6 External links Changes to the classification Within each category, the various châteaux are ranked in order of quality and only twice since the 1855 classification has there been a change : first when in 1856 Cantemerle was added as a fifth growth ( having either been originally omitted by oversight or added as an afterthought, depending on which of the conflicting accounts is correct ) and, more significantly, in 1973, when Château Mouton Rothschild was elevated from a second growth to a first growth vineyard after decades of intense lobbying by the powerful Philippe de Rothschild. A third, but less known `` change '', is the removal of Château Dubignon, a third growth from Margaux that was absorbed into the estate Château Malescot St. Exupéry. A superficial change is that since 1855, when only five of the estates were styled with the word `` château '' in their name, most Bordeaux wine estates now use this nomenclature. Critique As a classification of châteaux, the actual vineyards owned by some wineries have expanded, shrunk and been divided without any reclassification, and considerable plots of valued terroir have changed ownership. Indeed, it is a peculiarity of Bordeaux that as long as a vineyard parcel lies within the boundaries of the wine commune, it is eligible to be used by any chateau, independent of the quality of the parcel itself. Many wine critics have argued that the 1855 Classification became outdated and does not provide an accurate guide to the quality of the wines being made on each estate. Several proposals have been made for changes to the classification, and a bid for a revision was unsuccessfully attempted in 1960. Alexis Lichine, a member of the 1960 revision panel, launched a campaign to implement changes that lasted over thirty years, in the process publishing several editions of his own unofficial classification and the Alexis Lichine 's Guide to the Wines and Vineyards of France, in which he devoted a chapter to the subject. In support of his argument, Lichine cited the case of Chateau Lynch - Bages, the Pauillac Fifth Growth that, through good management and by patiently collecting the best parcels as they come on the market, makes wine that in his view are worthy of a much higher classification. Conversely, poor management can result in a significant decline in quality, as the example of Chateau Margaux shows -- the wines it made in the 1960s and 1970s are widely regarded as far below what 's expected of a First Growth. Other critics have followed a similar suit, including Robert Parker who published a top 100 Bordeaux estates in 1985 and L'histoire de la vigne & du vin ( English : The History of Wine and the Vine ) by Bernard and Henri Enjalbert in 1989, as well as efforts made by Clive Coates ( MW ) and David Peppercorn ( MW ). Ultimately nothing has come of them ; the likely negative impact on prices for any downgraded châteaux and the 1855 establishment 's political muscle are considered among the reasons. In March 2009, the British wine exchange Liv - ex released The Liv - ex Bordeaux Classification, a modern re-calculation of the 1855 classification, with an aim to apply the original method to the contemporary economical context. Many of the leading estates from the Médoc appellation that were not included in the 1855 classification are classified as Cru Bourgeois, a classification system that has been updated on a regular basis since 1932, banned in 2007, but reinstated in 2010. The Médoc classification of 1855 Château Lafite - Rothschild Château Léoville - Las Cases Château Léoville - Barton Château Grand - Puy - Ducasse Château Cantemerle Château d'Yquem Château Guiraud Château Doisy Daëne In French Les Grands Crus classés en 1855. The estates are listed with their commune ( village ), and their AOC in parenthesis, if different from the commune. The 19th - century names appear as listed by the brokers on April 18, 1855, followed by the modern names, as the use of `` second cru '' for red wines and `` deuxième cru '' for white wines. The Red Wines of the Gironde First Growths ( Premiers Crus ) Château Lafite, now Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac Château Latour, Pauillac Château Margaux, Margaux Haut - Brion, now Château Haut - Brion, Pessac, Graves Mouton, now Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac Second Growths ( Deuxièmes Crus ) Rauzan - Ségla, now Château Rauzan - Ségla, Margaux Rauzan - Gassies, now Château Rauzan - Gassies, Margaux Léoville, now Château Léoville - Las Cases, St. - Julien Château Léoville - Poyferré, St. - Julien Château Léoville - Barton, St. - Julien Vivens Durfort, now Château Durfort - Vivens, Margaux Gruaud - Laroze, now Château Gruaud - Larose, St. - Julien Lascombes, now Château Lascombes, Margaux Brane, now Château Brane - Cantenac, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Pichon Longueville, now Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac ( commonly known as Pichon Baron ) Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac ( commonly known as Pichon Lalande or Pichon Comtesse ) Ducru Beau Caillou, now Château Ducru - Beaucaillou, St. - Julien Cos Destournel, now Château Cos d'Estournel, St. - Estèphe Montrose, now Château Montrose, St. - Estèphe Third Growths ( Troisièmes Crus ) Kirwan, now Château Kirwan, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Château d'Issan, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Lagrange, Château Lagrange, St. - Julien Langoa, now Château Langoa - Barton, St. - Julien Giscours, now Château Giscours, Labarde - Margaux ( Margaux ) St. - Exupéry, now Château Malescot St. Exupéry, Margaux Boyd, now Château Cantenac - Brown, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Château Boyd - Cantenac, Margaux Palmer, now Château Palmer, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Lalagune, now Château La Lagune, Ludon ( Haut - Medoc ) Desmirail, now Château Desmirail, Margaux Dubignon, later Château Dubignon, Margaux Calon, now Château Calon - Ségur, St. - Estèphe Ferrière, now Château Ferrière, Margaux Becker, now Château Marquis d'Alesme Becker, Margaux Fourth Growths ( Quatrièmes Crus ) St. - Pierre, now Château Saint - Pierre, St. - Julien Talbot, now Château Talbot, St. - Julien Du - Luc, now Château Branaire - Ducru, St. - Julien Duhart, now Château Duhart - Milon, Pauillac Pouget - Lassale and Pouget, both now Château Pouget, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Carnet, now Château La Tour Carnet, St. - Laurent ( Haut - Médoc ) Rochet, now Château Lafon - Rochet, St. - Estèphe Château de Beychevele, now Château Beychevelle, St. - Julien Le Prieuré, now Château Prieuré - Lichine, Cantenac - Margaux ( Margaux ) Marquis de Thermes, now Château Marquis de Terme, Margaux Fifth Growths ( Cinquièmes Crus ) Canet, now Château Pontet - Canet, Pauillac Batailley, now Château Batailley, Pauillac Château Haut - Batailley, Pauillac Grand Puy, now Château Grand - Puy - Lacoste, Pauillac Artigues Arnaud, now Château Grand - Puy - Ducasse, Pauillac Lynch, now Château Lynch - Bages, Pauillac Lynch Moussas, now Château Lynch - Moussas, Pauillac Dauzac, now Château Dauzac, Labarde ( Margaux ) Darmailhac, now Château d'Armailhac, Pauillac Le Tertre, now Château du Tertre, Arsac ( Margaux ) Haut Bages, now Château Haut - Bages - Libéral, Pauillac Pédesclaux, now Château Pédesclaux, Pauillac Coutenceau, now Château Belgrave, St. - Laurent ( Haut - Médoc ) Camensac, now Château de Camensac, St. - Laurent ( Haut - Médoc ) Cos Labory, now Château Cos Labory, St. - Estèphe Clerc Milon, now Château Clerc - Milon, Pauillac Croizet - Bages, now Château Croizet Bages, Pauillac Cantemerle, now Château Cantemerle, Macau ( Haut - Médoc ) The white wines of the gironde ( Barsac estates may be labelled with the appellation Barsac or Sauternes. ) Superior First Growth ( Premier Cru Supérieur ) Yquem, now Château d'Yquem, Sauternes First Growths ( Premier Crus ) Latour Blanche, now Château La Tour Blanche, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Peyraguey, now Château Lafaurie - Peyraguey, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Château Clos Haut - Peyraguey, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Vigneau, now Château de Rayne - Vigneau, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Suduiraut, now Château Suduiraut, Preignac ( Sauternes ) Coutet, now Château Coutet, Barsac Climens, now Château Climens, Barsac Bayle, now Château Guiraud, Sauternes Rieusec, now Château Rieussec, Fargues ( Sauternes ) Rabeaud, now Château Rabaud - Promis, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Château Sigalas - Rabaud, Bommes ( Sauternes ) Second Growths ( Deuxième Crus ) Mìrat, now Château de Myrat, Barsac Doisy, now Château Doisy Daëne, Barsac Château Doisy - Dubroca, Barsac Château Doisy - Védrines, Barsac Pexoto, now part of Château Rabaud - Promis D'arche, now Château d'Arche, Sauternes Filhot, now Château Filhot, Sauternes Broustet Nérac, now Château Broustet, Barsac Château Nairac, Barsac Caillou, now Château Caillou, Barsac Suau, now Château Suau, Barsac Malle, now Château de Malle, Preignac ( Sauternes ) Romer, now Château Romer, Fargues ( Sauternes ) Château Romer du Hayot, Fargues ( Sauternes ) Lamothe, now Château Lamothe, Sauternes Château Lamothe - Guignard, Sauternes See also Classification of Graves wine Classification of Saint - Émilion wine Regional wine classification History of Bordeaux wine Bordeaux wine regions Judgment of Paris Notes and references a. The only classified estate situated in Graves rather than Médoc. b. Listed as Second Growth in 1855, elevated to First Growth in 1973. c. Dissolved in 1960. d. Added in 1856. General Stevenson, Tom ( 2005 ). The Sotheby 's Wine Encyclopedia ( 4th ed. ). London : Dorling Kindersley. pp. 64 -- 65. ISBN 0 - 7566 - 1324 - 8. Echikson, Tom ( 2004 ). Noble rot. NY : Norton. ISBN 0 - 8168 - 6825 - 5 Taber, George M. ( 2005 ). Judgment of Paris : California vs. France and the historic 1976 Tasting that Revolutionized Wine. NY : Scribner. ISBN 0 - 7432 - 9732 - 6 Footnotes ^ Jump up to : Peppercorn, David ( 2003 ). Bordeaux. London : Mitchell Beazley. p. 83. ISBN 1 - 84000 - 927 - 6. ^ Jump up to : Stevenson, Tom ( 2005 ). The Sotheby 's Wine Encyclopedia ( 4th ed. ). London : Dorling Kindersley. p. 64. ISBN 0 - 7566 - 1324 - 8. Jump up ^ Lichine, Alexis ( 1967 ). Alexis Lichine 's Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits. London : Cassell & Company Ltd. pp. 144 -- 148. ^ Jump up to : Lichine, Alexis ( May 1989 ). Alexis Lichine 's Guide to the Wines and Vineyards of France. Alfred A Knopf. Jump up ^ Prial, Frank J. The New York Times ( 1989 - 08 - 20 ). `` The Battle of 1855 ''. Jump up ^ Alexis Lichine 's Guide to the Wines and Vineyards of France Jump up ^ Parker, Robert ( 2013 ). Bordeaux : A Consumer 's Guide to the World 's Finest Wines ( Fourth revised ed. ). Simon and Schuster. Prior to that ( 1978 ) is a succession of failures... they are washed out, mediocre shells of what they could have been Jump up ^ Jenster, Per V. ( 2008 ). The Business of Wine : A Global Perspective. Copenhagen Business School Press. p. 163. Jump up ^ Prial, Frank J. The New York Times ( 1988 - 02 - 17 ). `` Wine Talk ''. Jump up ^ Prial, Frank J. The New York Times ( 1991 - 09 - 25 ). `` Wine Talk ''. Jump up ^ Goldberg, Howard G., Wine News. `` Dusting off the 1855 debate ''. Archived from the original on 2008 - 01 - 23. Jump up ^ Liv - ex Fine Wine Market blog ( March 10, 2009 ). The Liv - ex Bordeaux Classification Jump up ^ Lechmere, Adam, Decanter.com ( March 6, 2009 ). `` Liv - ex creates new 1855 Classification ''. Jump up ^ Anson, Jane, Decanter.com ( 2007 - 07 - 10 ). `` Cru Bourgeois classification officially over ''. Archived from the original on December 27, 2007. Jump up ^ Anson, Jane, Decanter.com ( 2008 - 02 - 26 ). `` Cru Bourgeois revived ''. Archived from the original on March 2, 2008. Jump up ^ Lechmere, Adam, Decanter.com ( September 23, 2010 ). `` Cru Bourgeois : new listing launched ''. External links Great Growths of 1855 official site Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 Classed Growths of Médoc Premiers Crus Lafite Rothschild Latour Margaux Haut - Brion ( Graves ) Mouton Rothschild ( 1973 ) Deuxièmes Crus Rauzan - Ségla Rauzan - Gassies Léoville - Las Cases Léoville - Poyferré Léoville - Barton Durfort - Vivens Gruaud - Larose Lascombes Brane - Cantenac Pichon Longueville Baron Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande Ducru - Beaucaillou Cos d'Estournel Montrose Troisièmes Crus Kirwan d'Issan Lagrange Langoa - Barton Giscours Malescot St. Exupéry Boyd - Cantenac Cantenac - Brown Palmer La Lagune Desmirail Calon - Ségur Ferrière Marquis d'Alesme Becker Quatrièmes Crus Saint - Pierre Talbot Branaire - Ducru Duhart - Milon Pouget La Tour Carnet Lafon - Rochet Beychevelle Prieuré - Lichine Marquis de Terme Cinquièmes Crus Pontet - Canet Batailley Haut - Batailley Grand - Puy - Lacoste Grand - Puy - Ducasse Lynch - Bages Lynch - Moussas Dauzac d'Armailhac du Tertre Haut - Bages - Libéral Pédesclaux Belgrave de Camensac Cos Labory Clerc Milon Croizet Bages Cantemerle ( 1856 ) Classed Growths of Sauternes and Barsac Premier Cru Supérieur d'Yquem Premiers Crus La Tour Blanche Lafaurie - Peyraguey Clos Haut - Peyraguey Rayne - Vigneau Suduiraut Coutet Climens Guiraud Rieussec Rabaud - Promis Sigalas - Rabaud Deuxièmes Crus de Myrat Doisy Daëne Doisy - Dubroca Doisy - Védrines d'Arche Filhot Broustet Nairac Caillou Suau de Malle Romer du Hayot Romer Lamothe Lamothe - Guignard Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux_Wine_Official_Classification_of_1855&oldid=816043464 '' Categories : Appellations Bordeaux wine 1855 establishments in France Wine classification Alcohol law in France Hidden categories : Articles containing explicitly cited English - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia עברית Lëtzebuergesch Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Русский Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 6 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 22 : 00. 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Question: where was the official classification of 1855 created
Answer: France