Dehydroepiandrosterone - wikipedia Dehydroepiandrosterone This article is about DHEA as a hormone. For its use as a medication or supplement, see Prasterone. For other uses, see DHEA ( disambiguation ). Dehydroepiandrosterone Names IUPAC name ( 3S, 8R, 9S, 10R, 13S, 14S ) - 3 - hydroxy - 10, 13 - dimethyl - 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 - dodecahydrocyclopenta ( a ) phenanthren - 17 - one Other names Androstenolone ; Prasterone ; Androst - 5 - en - 3β - ol - 17 - one ; 3β - Hydroxyandrost - 5 - en - 17 - one ; 5, 6 - Didehydroepiandrosterone ; Dehydroisoepiandrosterone Identifiers CAS Number 53 - 43 - 0 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI : 28689 ChEMBL ChEMBL90593 ChemSpider 5670 DrugBank DB01708 ECHA InfoCard 100.000. 160 PubChem CID 5881 UNII 459AG36T1B InChI InChI = 1S / C19H28O2 / c1 - 18 - 9 - 7 - 13 ( 20 ) 11 - 12 ( 18 ) 3 - 4 - 14 - 15 - 5 - 6 - 17 ( 21 ) 19 ( 15, 2 ) 10 - 8 - 16 ( 14 ) 18 / h3, 13 - 16, 20H, 4 - 11H2, 1 - 2H3 / t13 -, 14 -, 15 -, 16 -, 18 -, 19 - / m0 / s1 Key : FMGSKLZLMKYGDP - USOAJAOKSA - N SMILES O = C3 ( C @ ) 2 ( CC ( C @ @ H ) 1 ( C @ @ ) 4 ( C ( = C / C ( C@H ) 1 ( C @ @ H ) 2CC3 ) C ( C @ @ H ) ( O ) CC4 ) C ) C Properties Chemical formula Molar mass 288.424 g / mol Melting point 148.5 Pharmacology ATCvet code QA14AA07 ( WHO ) G03EA03 ( WHO ) ( combination with estrogen ) Routes of administration By mouth, vaginal ( insert ), intramuscular injection ( as prasterone enanthate ), injection ( as prasterone sodium sulfate ) Pharmacokinetics : Bioavailability 50 % Metabolism Hepatic Biological half - life DHEA : 25 minutes DHEA - S : 11 hours Excretion Urine Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ), 100 kPa ). Y verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone. It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans, in whom it is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain, where it functions as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the androgen and estrogen sex steroids. However, DHEA also has a variety of potential biological effects in its own right, binding to an array of nuclear and cell surface receptors, and acting as a neurosteroid and neurotrophin. In addition to its role as a natural hormone, DHEA is used as an over-the - counter supplement and medication ; for information on DHEA as a supplement or medication, see the prasterone article. Contents 1 Biological function 1.1 As an androgen 1.2 As a neurosteroid 2 Biological activity 2.1 Hormonal activity 2.1. 1 Androgen receptor 2.1. 2 Estrogen receptors 2.1. 3 Other nuclear receptors 2.2 Neurosteroid activity 2.2. 1 Neurotransmitter receptors 2.2. 2 Neurotrophin receptors 2.2. 3 Microtubule - associated protein 2 2.3 Other activity 2.3. 1 G6PDH inhibitor 2.3. 2 Miscellaneous 3 Biochemistry 3.1 Biosynthesis 3.1. 1 Increasing endogenous production 3.2 Distribution 3.3 Metabolism 3.3. 1 Pregnancy 3.4 Levels 3.5 Measurement 4 Chemistry 4.1 Isomers 5 History 6 References 7 Further reading Biological Function As an androgen DHEA and other adrenal androgens such as androstenedione, although relatively weak androgens, are responsible for the androgenic effects of adrenarche, such as early pubic and axillary hair growth, adult - type body odor, increased oiliness of hair and skin, and mild acne. Women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome ( CAIS ), who have a non-functional androgen receptor ( AR ) and are immune to the androgenic effects of DHEA and other androgens, have absent or only sparse / scanty pubic and axillary hair and body hair in general, demonstrating the role of DHEA, testosterone, and other androgens in body hair development at both adrenarche and pubarche. As a neurosteroid As a neurosteroid and neurotrophin, DHEA has important effects in the central nervous system. Biological activity Hormonal activity Androgen receptor Although it functions as an endogenous precursor to more potent androgens such as testosterone and DHT, DHEA has been found to possess some degree of androgenic activity in its own right, acting as a low affinity ( K = 1 μM ), weak partial agonist of the androgen receptor ( AR ). However, its intrinsic activity at the receptor is quite weak, and on account of that, due to competition for binding with full agonists like testosterone, it can actually behave more like an antagonist depending on circulating testosterone and dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) levels, and hence, like an antiandrogen. However, its affinity for the receptor is very low, and for that reason, is unlikely to be of much significance under normal circumstances. Estrogen receptors In addition to its affinity for the androgen receptor, DHEA has also been found to bind to and activate the ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors with K values of 1.1 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively, and EC values of > 1 μM and 200 nM, respectively. Though it was found to be a partial agonist of the ERα with a maximal efficacy of 30 -- 70 %, the concentrations required for this degree of activation make it unlikely that the activity of DHEA at this receptor is physiologically meaningful. Remarkably however, DHEA acts as a full agonist of the ERβ with a maximal response similar to or actually slightly greater than that of estradiol, and its levels in circulation and local tissues in the human body are high enough to activate the receptor to the same degree as that seen with circulating estradiol levels at somewhat higher than their maximal, non-ovulatory concentrations ; indeed, when combined with estradiol with both at levels equivalent to those of their physiological concentrations, overall activation of the ERβ was doubled. As such, it has been proposed that DHEA may be an important and potentially major endogenous estrogen in the body. Other nuclear receptors DHEA does not bind to or activate the progesterone, glucocorticoid, or mineralocorticoid receptors. Other nuclear receptor targets of DHEA besides the androgen and estrogen receptors include the PPARα, PXR, and CAR. However, whereas DHEA is a ligand of the PPARα and PXR in rodents, it is not in humans. In addition to direct interactions, DHEA is thought to regulate a handful of other proteins via indirect, genomic mechanisms, including the enzymes CYP2C11 and 11β - HSD1 -- the latter of which is essential for the biosynthesis of the glucocorticoids such as cortisol and has been suggested to be involved in the antiglucocorticoid effects of DHEA -- and the carrier protein IGFBP1. Neurosteroid activity Neurotransmitter receptors DHEA has been found to directly act on several neurotransmitter receptors, including acting as a positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor, as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor, and as an agonist of the σ receptor. Neurotrophin receptors In 2011, the surprising discovery was made that DHEA, as well as DHEA - S, directly bind to and activate the TrkA and p75, receptors of neurotrophins like nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ), with high affinity. DHEA was subsequently also found to bind to the TrkB and TrkC with high affinity, though it notably activated the TrkC but not the TrkB. DHEA and DHEA - S bound to these receptors with affinities that were in the low nanomolar range ( around 5 nM ), although the affinities were nonetheless approximately two orders of magnitude lower relative to highly potent polypeptide neurotrophins like NGF ( 0.01 -- 0.1 nM ). In any case, DHEA and DHEA - S both circulate at requisite concentrations to activate these receptors and were thus identified as important endogenous neurotrophic factors. They have since been labeled `` steroidal microneurotrophins '', due to their small - molecule and steroidal nature relative to their polypeptide neurotrophin counterparts. Subsequent research has suggested that DHEA and / or DHEA - S may in fact be phylogenetically ancient `` ancestral '' ligands of the neurotrophin receptors from early on in the evolution of the nervous system. The findings that DHEA binds to and potently activates neurotrophin receptors may explain the positive association between decreased circulating DHEA levels with age and age - related neurodegenerative diseases. Microtubule - associated protein 2 Similarly to pregnenolone, its synthetic derivative 3β - methoxypregnenolone ( MAP - 4343 ), and progesterone, DHEA has been found to bind to microtubule - associated protein 2 ( MAP2 ), specifically the MAP2C subtype ( K = 27 μM ). However, it is unclear whether DHEA increases binding of MAP2 to tubulin like pregnenolone. Other activity G6PDH inhibitor DHEA is an uncompetitive inhibitor of G6PDH ( K = 17 μM ; IC = 18.7 μM ), and is able to lower NADPH levels and reduce NADPH - dependent free radical production. It is thought that this action may possibly be responsible for much of the antiinflammatory, antihyperplastic, chemopreventative, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and antiobesic, as well as certain immunomodulating activities of DHEA ( with some experimental evidence to support this notion available ). However, it has also been said that inhibition of G6PDH activity by DHEA in vivo has not been observed and that the concentrations required for DHEA to inhibit G6PDH in vitro are very high, thus making the possible contribution of G6PDH inhibition to the effects of DHEA uncertain. Miscellaneous DHEA has been found to competitively inhibit TRPV1. Biochemistry Comprehensive overview of steroidogenesis, showing DHEA at left among the androgens. Biosynthesis DHEA is produced in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex under the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) and by the gonads under the control of gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( GnRH ). It is also produced in the brain. DHEA is synthesized from cholesterol via the enzymes cholesterol side - chain cleavage enzyme ( CYP11A1 ; P450scc ) and 17α - hydroxylase / 17, 20 - lyase ( CYP17A1 ), with pregnenolone and 17α - hydroxypregnenolone as intermediates. It is derived mostly from the adrenal cortex, with only about 10 % being secreted from the gonads. Approximately 50 to 70 % of circulating DHEA originates from desulfation of DHEA - S in peripheral tissues. DHEA - S itself originates almost exclusively from the adrenal cortex, with 95 to 100 % being secreted from the adrenal cortex in women. Increasing endogenous production Regular exercise is known to increase DHEA production in the body. Calorie restriction has also been shown to increase DHEA in primates. Some theorize that the increase in endogenous DHEA brought about by calorie restriction is partially responsible for the longer life expectancy known to be associated with calorie restriction. Catalpol and a combination of acetyl - carnitine and propionyl - carnitine on 1 : 1 ratio also improves endogenous DHEA production and release due to direct cholinergic stimulation of CRH release and an increase of IGF - 1 expression respectively. Distribution In the circulation, DHEA is mainly bound to albumin, with a small amount bound to sex hormone - binding globulin ( SHBG ). The small remainder of DHEA not associated with albumin or SHBG is unbound and free in the circulation. DHEA easily crosses the blood -- brain barrier into the central nervous system. Metabolism DHEA is transformed into DHEA - S by sulfation at the C3β position via the sulfotransferase enzymes SULT2A1 and to a lesser extent SULT1E1. This occurs naturally in the adrenal cortex and during first - pass metabolism in the liver and intestines when exogenous DHEA is administered orally. Levels of DHEA - S in circulation are approximately 250 to 300 times those of DHEA. DHEA - S in turn can be converted back into DHEA in peripheral tissues via steroid sulfatase ( STS ). The terminal half - life of DHEA is short at only 15 to 30 minutes. In contrast, the terminal half - life of DHEA - S is far longer, at 7 to 10 hours. As DHEA - S can be converted back into DHEA, it serves as a circulating reservoir for DHEA, thereby extending the duration of DHEA. Metabolites of DHEA include DHEA - S, 7α - hydroxy - DHEA, 7β - hydroxy - DHEA, 7 - keto - DHEA, 7α - hydroxyepiandrosterone, and 7β - hydroxyepiandrosterone, as well as androstenediol and androstenedione. Pregnancy During pregnancy, DHEA - S is metabolized into the sulfates of 16α - hydroxy - DHEA and 15α - hydroxy - DHEA in the fetal liver as intermediates in the production of the estrogens estriol and estetrol, respectively. Levels Prior to puberty, DHEA and DHEA - S levels elevate upon differentiation of the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex. Peak levels of DHEA and DHEA - S are observed around age 20, which is followed by an age - dependent decline throughout life eventually back to prepubertal concentrations. Plasma levels of DHEA in adult men are 10 -- 25 nM, in premenopausal women are 5 -- 30 nM, and in postmenopausal women are 2 -- 20 nM. Conversely, DHEA - S levels are an order of magnitude higher at 1 -- 10 μM. Levels of DHEA and DHEA - S decline to the lower nanomolar and micromolar ranges in men and women aged 60 to 80 years. Measurement As almost all DHEA is derived from the adrenal glands, blood measurements of DHEA - S / DHEA are useful to detect excess adrenal activity as seen in adrenal cancer or hyperplasia, including certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have elevated levels of DHEA - S. Chemistry See also : List of androgens / anabolic steroids and List of neurosteroids DHEA, also known as androst - 5 - en - 3β - ol - 17 - one, is a naturally occurring androstane steroid and a 17 - ketosteroid. It is closely related structurally to androstenediol ( androst - 5 - ene - 3β, 17β - diol ), androstenedione ( androst - 4 - ene - 3, 17 - dione ), and testosterone ( androst - 4 - en - 17β - ol - 3 - one ). DHEA is the 5 - dehydro analogue of epiandrosterone ( 5α - androstan - 3β - ol - 17 - one ) and is also known as 5 - dehydroepiandrosterone or as δ - epiandrosterone. Isomers The term `` dehydroepiandrosterone '' is ambiguous chemically because it does not include the specific positions within epiandrosterone at which hydrogen atoms are missing. DHEA itself is 5, 6 - didehydroepiandrosterone or 5 - dehydroepiandrosterone. A number of naturally occurring isomers also exist and may have similar activities. Some isomers of DHEA are 1 - dehydroepiandrosterone ( 1 - androsterone ) and 4 - dehydroepiandrosterone. These isomers are also technically `` DHEA '', since they are dehydroepiandrosterones in which hydrogens are removed from the epiandrosterone skeleton. Dehydroandrosterone ( DHA ) is the 3α - epimer of DHEA and is also an endogenous androgen. History See also : Prasterone § History DHEA was first isolated from human urine in 1934 by Adolf Butenandt and Kurt Tscherning. References Jump up ^ Devillers J ( 27 April 2009 ). Endocrine Disruption Modeling. CRC Press. pp. 339 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4200 - 7636 - 3. ^ Jump up to : Elks J ( 14 November 2014 ). The Dictionary of Drugs : Chemical Data : Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 641 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4757 - 2085 - 3. ^ Jump up to : Cupp MJ, Tracy TS ( 10 December 2002 ). Dietary Supplements : Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 135 --. 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Jump up ^ Mueller JW, Gilligan LC, Idkowiak J, Arlt W, Foster PA ( October 2015 ). `` The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation ''. Endocrine Reviews. 36 ( 5 ) : 526 -- 63. doi : 10.1210 / er. 2015 - 1036. PMC 4591525. PMID 26213785. Jump up ^ Lash LH ( 2005 ). Drug Metabolism and Transport : Molecular Methods and Mechanisms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 353 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59259 - 832 - 8. Jump up ^ Morfin R ( 2 September 2003 ). DHEA and the Brain. CRC Press. pp. 28 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 203 - 30121 - 0. Jump up ^ Karasek M ( 2006 ). Aging and Age - related Diseases : The Basics. Nova Publishers. pp. 66 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59454 - 426 - 2. ^ Jump up to : White BA, Porterfield SP ( 2013 ). Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology, Mosby Physiology Monograph Series ( with Student Consult Online Access ), 4 : Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 164 --. ISBN 0 - 323 - 08704 - 3. Jump up ^ Kalimi MY, Regelson W ( 2000 ). Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) : Biochemical, Physiological and Clinical Aspects. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 41 --. ISBN 978 - 3 - 11 - 016111 - 3. Jump up ^ Banaszewska B, Spaczyński RZ, Pelesz M, Pawelczyk L ( 2003 ). `` Incidence of elevated LH / FSH ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome women with normo - and hyperinsulinemia ''. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej W Bialymstoku. 48 : 131 -- 4. PMID 14737959. Jump up ^ Schwartz AG, Pashko LL ( 2001 ). `` Potential therapeutic use of dehydroepiandrosterone and structural analogs ''. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 3 ( 2 ) : 221 -- 4. doi : 10.1089 / 152091501300209589. PMID 11478328. Further Reading Labrie F, Martel C, Bélanger A, Pelletier G ( April 2017 ). `` Androgens in women are essentially made from DHEA in each peripheral tissue according to intracrinology ''. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 168 : 9 -- 18. doi : 10.1016 / j. jsbmb. 2016.12. 007. PMID 28153489. Hormones Endocrine glands Hypothalamic - pituitary Hypothalamus GnRH TRH Dopamine CRH GHRH Somatostatin ( GHIH ) MCH Posterior pituitary Oxytocin Vasopressin Anterior pituitary FSH LH TSH Prolactin POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex aldosterone cortisol cortisone DHEA DHEA - S androstenedione Adrenal medulla epinephrine norepinephrine Thyroid Thyroid hormone Calcitonin Thyroid axis Parathyroid PTH Gonadal axis Testis testosterone AMH inhibin Ovary estradiol progesterone activin and inhibin relaxin Placenta hCG HPL estrogen progesterone Pancreas glucagon insulin amylin somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland melatonin N, N - dimethyltryptamine 5 - methoxy - N, N - dimethyltryptamine Other Thymus Thymosins Thymosin α1 Beta thymosins Thymopoietin Thymulin Digestive system Stomach gastrin ghrelin Duodenum CCK Incretins GIP GLP - 1 secretin motilin VIP Ileum enteroglucagon peptide YY Liver / other Insulin - like growth factor IGF - 1 IGF - 2 Adipose tissue leptin adiponectin resistin Skeleton Osteocalcin Kidney renin EPO calcitriol prostaglandin Heart Natriuretic peptide ANP BNP Endogenous steroids Precursors Cholesterol 22R - Hydroxycholesterol 20α, 22R - Dihydroxycholesterol Pregnenolone 11β - Hydroxypregnenolone 17α - Hydroxypregnenolone 21 - Hydroxypregnenolone 17α, 21 - Dihydroxypregnenolone 11β, 17α, 21 - Trihydroxypregnenolone Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids 3α, 5α - Tetrahydrocorticosterone 5α - Dihydrocorticosterone 11 - Deoxycorticosterone 11 - Deoxycortisol 11 - Ketoprogesterone 21 - Deoxycortisol 21 - Deoxycortisone Corticosterone Cortisol Cortisone 17α - Hydroxypregnenolone 17α - Hydroxyprogesterone Pregnenolone Progesterone Mineralocorticoids 5α - Dihydroaldosterone 11 - Dehydrocorticosterone ( 11 - oxocorticosterone, 17 - deoxycortisone ) 11 - Deoxycortisol 11 - Deoxycorticosterone 11β - Hydroxyprogesterone ( 21 - deoxycorticosterone ) 18 - Hydroxy - 11 - deoxycorticosterone 18 - Hydroxycorticosterone 18 - Hydroxyprogesterone Aldosterone Corticosterone Cortisol Sex steroids Androgens 11 - Ketodihydrotestosterone 11 - Ketotestosterone 7β - Hydroxyepiandrosterone 11β - Hydroxyandrostenedione Adrenosterone ( 11 - ketoandrostenedione ) Androstenediol Androstenedione Androsterone Dehydroandrosterone DHEA DHEA sulfate Dihydrotestosterone Epiandrosterone Epitestosterone 16α - Hydroxyandrostenedione 16α - Hydroxy - DHEA 16α - Hydroxy - DHEA sulfate Testosterone Metabolites : 3α - Androstanediol 3α - Androstanediol glucuronide 3β - Androstanediol 3α, 5β - Androstanediol 3β, 5β - Androstanediol 5β - Androstanedione 5β - Dihydrotestosterone Androstanetriols Androstenediol sulfate Androsterone glucuronide Androsterone sulfate Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide Dihydrotestosterone sulfate Etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone glucuronide Epietiocholanolone Testosterone glucuronide Testosterone sulfate Estrogens Estranes : Estetrol Estradiol Estrone Estriol 17α - Estradiol 16β - Epiestriol ( 16β - hydroxyestradiol ) 17α - Epiestriol ( 16α - hydroxy - 17α - estradiol ) 16β, 17α - Epiestriol ( 16β - hydroxy - 17α - estradiol ) 2 - Hydroxyestradiol 2 - Hydroxyestriol 2 - Hydroxyestrone 4 - Hydroxyestradiol 4 - Hydroxyestriol 4 - Hydroxyestrone 4 - Methoxyestradiol 16α - Hydroxyestrone Others : 27 - Hydroxycholesterol 3α - Androstanediol 3β - Androstanediol 4 - Androstenedione 5 - Androstenediol DHEA DHEA sulfate 7 - Keto - DHEA 7α - Hydroxy - DHEA 16α - Hydroxy - DHEA Metabolites : 2 - Methoxyestradiol 2 - Methoxyestrone 4 - Methoxyestrone Estradiol glucuronide Estradiol sulfate Estrone glucuronide Estrone sulfate Estriol glucuronide Estriol sulfate Lipoidal estradiol ( e.g., estradiol stearate, estradiol palmitate ) Progestogens Progesterone 16α - Hydroxyprogesterone 17α - Hydroxyprogesterone 20α - Dihydroprogesterone 5α - Dihydroprogesterone 11 - Deoxycorticosterone 5α - DHDOC Metabolites : Allopregnanediol Pregnanediol Pregnanediol glucuronide Pregnanetriol Neurosteroids Cholestanes : 24S - Hydroxycholesterol Cholesterol Pregnanes : 3α - Dihydroprogesterone 3β - Dihydroprogesterone 5α - Dihydrocorticosterone 5α - Dihydroprogesterone 5β - Dihydroprogesterone Allopregnanolone Corticosterone DHC DHDOC 11 - Deoxycorticosterone Epipregnanolone Isopregnanolone Pregnanolone Pregnenolone Pregnenolone sulfate Progesterone THB THDOC Androstanes : 3α - Androstanediol 3α - Androstenol 7 - Keto - DHEA 7α - Hydroxy - DHEA 7β - Hydroxy - DHEA 7α - Hydroxyepiandrosterone 7β - Hydroxyepiandrosterone Androsterone DHEA DHEA sulfate Etiocholanolone Pheromones : 3α - Androstenol 3β - Androstenol Androstadienol Androstadienone Androstenone Androsterone Estratetraenol Others Vitamin D: 7 - Dehydrocholesterol Calcidiol / Calcifediol Calcitriol Cholecalciferol Others : 7α - Hydroxycholesterol 11α - Hydroxyprogesterone 11β - Hydroxyprogesterone Cholesterol sulfate Androgens and antiandrogens Androgens ( incl. AAS ) AR agonists Testosterone derivatives : Androstenediol dipropionate Boldenone undecylenate Clostebol Clostebol acetate Clostebol caproate Clostebol propionate Cloxotestosterone acetate Prasterone ( dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA ) Prasterone enanthate ( DHEA enanthate ) Prasterone sulfate ( DHEA sulfate ) Quinbolone Testosterone Testosterone esters ( e.g., testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, testosterone propionate, testosterone undecanoate, testosterone ester mixtures ( Deposterona, Omnadren, Sustanon, Testoviron Depot ) ) Dihydrotestosterone derivatives : Androstanolone ( stanolone, dihydrotestosterone, DHT ) Androstanolone esters Bolazine capronate Drostanolone propionate ( dromostanolone propionate ) Epitiostanol Mepitiostane Mesterolone Metenolone acetate ( methenolone acetate ) Metenolone enanthate ( methenolone enanthate ) Stenbolone acetate 19 - Nortestosterone derivatives : Bolandiol dipropionate Nandrolone esters ( e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate ) Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Oxabolone cipionate ( oxabolone cypionate ) Trenbolone acetate Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate ( trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate ) 17α - Alkylated testosterone derivatives : Bolasterone Calusterone Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone ( CDMT ) Fluoxymesterone Formebolone Metandienone ( methandienone, methandrostenolone ) Methandriol ( methylandrostenediol ) Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate Methandriol dipropionate Methandriol propionate Methyltestosterone ( + esterified estrogens ) Methyltestosterone 3 - hexyl ether Oxymesterone Penmesterol Tiomesterone ( thiomesterone ) 17α - Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives : Androisoxazole Furazabol Mebolazine ( dimethazine ) Mestanolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol 17α - Alkylated 19 - nortestosterone derivatives : Ethylestrenol Mibolerone Norethandrolone Normethandrone ( methylestrenolone, normethisterone ) Propetandrol ( propethandrol ) 17α - Vinyltestosterone derivatives : Norvinisterone ( vinylnortestosterone ) 17α - Ethynyltestosterone derivatives : Danazol Gestrinone Progestins ( e.g., ethisterone ( ethynyltestosterone ), levonorgestrel, norgestrel, norethisterone ( norethindrone ), lynestrenol, norgestrienone ) Tibolone Progesterone derivatives : Medroxyprogesterone acetate Progonadotropins Antiestrogens ( e.g., tamoxifen, clomifene ) GnRH agonists ( e.g., GnRH ( gonadorelin ), leuprorelin ) Gonadotropins ( e.g., LH, hCG ) Antiandrogens AR antagonists Steroidal : Abiraterone acetate Canrenone Chlormadinone acetate Cyproterone acetate Delmadinone acetate Dienogest Drospirenone Medrogestone Megestrol acetate Nomegestrol acetate Osaterone acetate Oxendolone Potassium canrenoate Spironolactone Nonsteroidal : Apalutamide Bicalutamide Cimetidine Darolutamide Enzalutamide Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Seviteronel Topilutamide ( fluridil ) Steroidogenesis inhibitors 5α - Reductase Alfatradiol Dutasteride ( + tamsulosin ) Epristeride Finasteride Saw palmetto extract Others Abiraterone acetate Aminoglutethimide Bifluranol Cyproterone acetate Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Seviteronel Spironolactone Antigonadotropins D receptor antagonists ( prolactin releasers ) ( e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride ) Estrogens ( e.g., bifluranol, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, estradiol esters, ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, paroxypropione ) GnRH agonists ( e.g., leuprorelin ) GnRH antagonists ( e.g., cetrorelix ) Progestogens ( incl., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate ) Others Androstenedione immunogens : Androvax ( androstenedione albumin ) Ovandrotone albumin ( Fecundin ) WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III See also Androgen receptor modulators Estrogens and antiestrogens Progestogens and antiprogestogens List of androgens / anabolic steroids Biological activity Androgen receptor modulators AR Agonists Testosterone derivatives : 4 - Androstenediol 4 - Dehydroepiandrosterone ( 4 - DHEA ) 4 - Hydroxytestosterone 5 - Androstenedione 11 - Ketotestosterone 11β - Hydroxyandrostenedione Adrenosterone ( 11 - ketoandrostenedione, 11 - oxoandrostenedione ) Androstenediol ( 5 - androstenediol ) Androstenediol 3β - acetate Androstenediol 17β - acetate Androstenediol diacetate Androstenediol dipropionate Androstenedione ( 4 - androstenedione ) Atamestane Boldenone Boldenone undecylenate Boldione ( 1, 4 - androstadienedione ) Clostebol Clostebol acetate Clostebol caproate Clostebol propionate Cloxotestosterone Cloxotestosterone acetate Dehydroandrosterone DHEA ( androstenolone, prasterone ; 5 - DHEA ) DHEA enanthate ( prasterone enanthate ) DHEA sulfate Exemestane Formestane Plomestane Quinbolone Silandrone Testosterone ( + dutasteride ) Testosterone esters Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate Dihydrotestosterone derivatives : 1 - Androstenediol 1 - Androstenedione 1 - Androsterone ( 1 - andro, 1 - DHEA ) 1 - Testosterone 3α - Androstanediol 5α - Androst - 2 - en - 17 - one 7β - Hydroxyepiandrosterone 11 - Ketodihydrotestosterone Androsterone Bolazine Bolazine capronate Dihydrofluoxymesterone Dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) ( androstanolone, stanolone ) Dihydrotestosterone esters Drostanolone Drostanolone propionate Epiandrosterone Epitiostanol Mepitiostane Mesabolone Mesterolone Mesterolone cipionate Methyldiazinol Nisterime Nisterime acetate Prostanozol Stenbolone Stenbolone acetate Testifenon ( testiphenon, testiphenone ) 19 - Nortestosterone derivatives : 7α - Methyl - 19 - norandrostenedione ( MENT dione, trestione ) 11β - Methyl - 19 - nortestosterone 11β - Methyl - 19 - nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 19 - Nor - 5 - androstenediol 19 - Nor - 5 - androstenedione 19 - Nordehydroepiandrosterone Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Bolandione ( 19 - nor - 4 - androstenedione ) Bolmantalate ( nandrolone adamantoate ) Dienedione Dienolone Dimethandrolone Dimethandrolone buciclate Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate Dimethandrolone undecanoate LS - 1727 ( nandrolone 17β - N - ( 2 - chloroethyl ) - N - nitrosocarbamate ) Methoxydienone ( methoxygonadiene ) Nandrolone Nandrolone esters Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Normethandrone ( methylestrenolone, normethisterone ) Oxabolone Oxabolone cipionate ( oxabolone cypionate ) Trenbolone Trenbolone acetate Trenbolone enanthate Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate Trenbolone undecanoate Trendione Trestolone ( MENT ) Trestolone acetate Dihydrotestosterone and 19 - nortestosterone derivatives : 5α - Dihydrolevonorgestrel 5α - Dihydronandrolone 5α - Dihydronorethandrolone 5α - Dihydronorethisterone 5α - Dihydronormethandrone 19 - Norandrosterone 17α - Alkylated testosterone derivatives : Bolasterone Calusterone Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol ( CDMA ) Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone ( CDMT ) Chloromethylandrostenediol ( CMA ) Enestebol Ethyltestosterone Fluoxymesterone Formebolone Hydroxystenozole Metandienone ( methandrostenolone ) Methandriol ( methylandrostenediol ) Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate Methandriol diacetate Methandriol dipropionate Methandriol propionate Methylclostebol ( chloromethyltestosterone ) Methyltestosterone ( + esterified estrogens ) Methyltestosterone 3 - hexyl ether Oxymesterone Penmesterol Tiomesterone 17α - Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives : Androisoxazole Desoxymethyltestosterone Furazabol Mebolazine ( dimethazine ) Mestanolone Metenolone Metenolone acetate Metenolone enanthate Methasterone Methyl - 1 - testosterone Methylepitiostanol Methylstenbolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol 17α - Alkylated 19 - nortestosterone derivatives : Bolenol Dimethyldienolone Dimethyltrienolone Ethyldienolone Ethylestrenol Methyldienolone Methylhydroxynandrolone ( MOHN, MHN ) Metribolone Mibolerone Norboletone Norethandrolone Propetandrol RU - 2309 Tetrahydrogestrinone 17α - Vinyltestosterone derivatives : Norvinisterone ( vinylnortestosterone ) Vinyltestosterone 17α - Ethynyltestosterone derivatives : Δ - Tibolone Danazol Desogestrel Ethisterone ( ethynyltestosterone ) Etonogestrel Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Gestodene Gestrinone Levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel butanoate Lynestrenol Norethisterone Norethisterone acetate Norethisterone acetate oxime Norethisterone enanthate Norgestrel Norgestrienone Quingestanol Quingestanol acetate Tibolone Progesterone derivatives : Medroxyprogesterone acetate Megestrol acetate Others / unsorted : 3 - Keto - 5α - abiraterone 5α - Androstane Alternariol Cl - 4AS - 1 Drupanol ZM - 182345 Mixed ( SARMs ) Nonsteroidal : 198RL26 ACP - 105 AC - 262536 Acetothiolutamide Andarine ( acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx - 007, S - 4 ) BMS - 564929 DTIB Enobosarm ( ostarine, MK - 2866, GTx - 024, S - 22 ) FTBU - 1 GSK - 4336A GSK - 8698 LG - 121071 ( LGD - 121071 ) LGD - 2226 LGD - 2941 ( LGD - 122941 ) LGD - 3303 LGD - 4033 JNJ - 26146900 JNJ - 28330835 JNJ - 37654032 ORM - 11984 R - 1 RAD140 RU - 59063 S - 1 S - 23 S - 40503 S - 101479 Triclosan Steroidal : MK - 0773 TFM - 4AS - 1 YK - 11 Antagonists Steroidal : 7α - Thioprogesterone 7α - Thiospironolactone 7α - Thiomethylspironolactone 9, 11 - Dehydrocortexolone 17α - butyrate ( CB - 03 - 04 ) 11α - Hydroxyprogesterone 15β - Hydroxycyproterone acetate Abiraterone Abiraterone acetate Allyltestosterone Benorterone BOMT Canrenoic acid Canrenone Chlormadinone acetate Clometerone Cortexolone 17α - propionate ( CB - 03 - 01 ) Cyproterone Cyproterone acetate Delanterone Delmadinone acetate Dicirenone Dienogest Drospirenone Edogestrone Epitestosterone Galeterone Guggulsterone Medrogestone Megestrol acetate Mespirenone Metogest Mexrenone Mifepristone Nomegestrol acetate Nordinone Osaterone Osaterone acetate Oxendolone Potassium canrenoate Promegestone Prorenone Rosterolone SC - 5233 ( spirolactone ) Spironolactone Spirorenone Spiroxasone Topterone Trimegestone Trimethyltrienolone ( R - 2956 ) Zanoterone Nonsteroidal : 5N - Bicalutamide AA560 Antarlides Arabilin Apalutamide Atraric acid AZD - 3514 Bakuchiol BAY - 1024767 Bicalutamide Bisphenols ( e.g., BADGE, BFDGE, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S ) BMS - 641988 Cimetidine Cioteronel Darolutamide DDT ( via metabolite p, p ' - DDE ) Dieldrin DIMP Endosulfan Enzalutamide EPI - 001 Fenarimol Flutamide Hydroxyflutamide Inocoterone Inocoterone acetate Ketoconazole Lavender oil LG - 105 LG - 120907 Linuron Methiocarb N - Butylbenzenesulfonamide N - Desmethylapalutamide N - Desmethylenzalutamide Nilutamide ONC1 - 13B ORM - 15341 Pentomone PF - 998425 Phenothrin Prochloraz Procymidone Proxalutamide Ralaniten ( EPI - 002 ) Ralaniten acetate ( EPI - 506 ) RD - 162 Ro 2 - 7239 Ro 5 - 2537 RU - 22930 RU - 56187 RU - 57073 RU - 58642 RU - 58841 Seviteronel Thalidomide Topilutamide ( fluridil ) Valproic acid Vinclozolin YM - 580 YM - 92088 YM - 175735 GPRC6A Agonists Cations ( incl. aluminum, calcium, gadolinium, magnesium, strontium, zinc ) Dehydroandrosterone Dihydrotestosterone Estradiol L - α - Amino acids ( incl. L - arginine, L - lysine, L - ornithine ) Osteocalcin SHBG Testosterone See also Receptor / signaling modulators Androgens and antiandrogens Estrogen receptor modulators Progesterone receptor modulators List of androgens / anabolic steroids Estrogen receptor modulators ER Agonists Steroidal : 2 - Hydroxyestradiol 2 - Hydroxyestrone 3 - Methyl - 19 - methyleneandrosta - 3, 5 - dien - 17β - ol 3α - Androstanediol 3α, 5α - Dihydrolevonorgestrel 3β, 5α - Dihydrolevonorgestrel 3α - Hydroxytibolone 3β - Hydroxytibolone 3β - Androstanediol 4 - Androstenediol 4 - Androstenedione 4 - Hydroxyestradiol 4 - Hydroxyestrone 4 - Methoxyestradiol 4 - Methoxyestrone 5 - Androstenediol 7 - Oxo - DHEA 7α - Hydroxy - DHEA 7α - Methylestradiol 7β - Hydroxyepiandrosterone 8, 9 - Dehydroestradiol 8, 9 - Dehydroestrone 8β - VE2 10β, 17β - Dihydroxyestra - 1, 4 - dien - 3 - one ( DHED ) 16α - Hydroxy - DHEA 16α - Hydroxyestrone 16α - Iodo - E2 16α - LE2 16β, 17α - Epiestriol ( 16β - hydroxy - 17α - estradiol ) 17α - Estradiol ( alfatradiol ) 17α - Dihydroequilenin 17α - Dihydroequilin 17α - Epiestriol ( 16α - hydroxy - 17α - estradiol ) 17β - Dihydroequilenin 17β - Dihydroequilin Abiraterone Abiraterone acetate Alestramustine Almestrone Anabolic steroids ( e.g., testosterone and esters, methyltestosterone, metandienone ( methandrostenolone ), nandrolone and esters, many others ; via estrogenic metabolites ) Atrimustine Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Butolame Clomestrone Cloxestradiol Cloxestradiol acetate Conjugated estrogens DHEA DHEA - S Epiestriol ( 16β - epiestriol, 16β - hydroxy - 17β - estradiol ) Epimestrol Equilenin Equilin Equilin acetate Equilin benzoate ERA - 63 ( ORG - 37663 ) Esterified estrogens Estetrol Estradiol Estradiol esters Lipoidal estradiol Polyestradiol phosphate Estramustine Estramustine phosphate Estrapronicate Estrazinol Estriol Estriol esters Estrofurate Estromustine Estrone Estrone esters Estrone methyl ether Estropipate Etamestrol ( eptamestrol ) Ethinylestradiol Ethinylestradiol 3 - benzoate Ethinylestradiol sulfonate Ethinylestriol Ethylestradiol Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Hexolame Hippulin Hydroxyestrone diacetate Lynestrenol Mestranol Methylestradiol Moxestrol Mytatrienediol Nilestriol Norethisterone Noretynodrel Orestrate Pentolame Prodiame Prolame Promestriene RU - 16117 Quinestradol Quinestrol Tibolone Nonsteroidal : ( R, R ) - THC ( S, S ) - THC 2, 8 - DHHHC AC - 186 Allenestrol Allenolic acid Benzestrol Bifluranol Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid Carbestrol D - 15414 DCW234 Diarylpropionitrile Dienestrol Dienestrol diacetate Diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol esters Dimestrol ( dianisylhexene ) Doisynoestrol ( fenocycline ) Doisynolic acid Efavirenz ERB - 196 ( WAY - 202196 ) Erteberel ( SERBA - 1, LY - 500307 ) Estrobin ( DBE ) Fenestrel FERb 033 Fosfestrol ( diethylstilbestrol diphosphate ) Furostilbestrol ( diethylstilbestrol difuroate ) GTx - 758 Hexestrol Hexestrol esters ICI - 85966 ( Stilbostat ) Mestilbol Methallenestril Methestrol Methestrol dipropionate Paroxypropione Pentafluranol Phenestrol Prinaberel ( ERB - 041, WAY - 202041 ) Propylpyrazoletriol Quadrosilan SC - 4289 SERBA - 2 SKF - 82,958 Terfluranol Triphenylbromoethylene Triphenylchloroethylene Triphenyliodoethylene Triphenylmethylethylene ( triphenylpropene ) WAY - 166818 WAY - 200070 WAY - 214156 Unknown / unsorted : ERB - 26 ERA - 45 ERB - 79 Xenoestrogens : Anise - related ( e.g., anethole, anol, dianethole, dianol, photoanethole ) Chalconoids ( e.g., isoliquiritigenin, phloretin, phlorizin ( phloridzin ), wedelolactone ) Coumestans ( e.g., coumestrol, psoralidin ) Flavonoids ( incl. 7, 8 - DHF, 8 - prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, epicatechin, equol, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, kaempferol, liquiritigenin, mirificin, myricetin, naringenin, penduletin, pinocembrin, prunetin, puerarin, quercetin, tectoridin, tectorigenin ) Lavender oil Lignans ( e.g., enterodiol, enterolactone, nyasol ( cis - hinokiresinol ) ) Metalloestrogens ( e.g., cadmium ) Pesticides ( e.g., alternariol, dieldrin, endosulfan, fenarimol, methiocarb, methoxychlor, triclocarban, triclosan ) Phytosteroids ( e.g., digitoxin ( digitalis ), diosgenin, guggulsterone ) Phytosterols ( e.g., β - sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol ) Resorcylic acid lactones ( e.g., zearalanone, α - zearalenol, β - zearalenol, zearalenone, zeranol ( α - zearalanol ), taleranol ( teranol, β - zearalanol ) ) Steroid - like ( e.g., deoxymiroestrol, miroestrol ) Stilbenoids ( e.g., resveratrol ) Synthetic xenoestrogens ( e.g., alkylphenols, bisphenols ( e.g., BPA, BPF, BPS ), DDT, parabens, PBBs, PHBA, phthalates, PCBs ) Others ( e.g., agnuside, rotundifuran ) Mixed ( SERMs ) 2 - Phenylbenzofuran 2 - Phenylbenzothiophene 4 ' - Hydroxynorendoxifen 27 - Hydroxycholesterol Acefluranol Acolbifene Afimoxifene Anordiol Anordrin Arzoxifene Bazedoxifene Brilanestrant Broparestrol Elacestrant Chlorotrianisene Clomifene Clomifenoxide Cyclofenil D - 15413 Droloxifene Enclomifene Endoxifen Etacstil ( GW - 5638, DPC - 974 ) Ethamoxytriphetol ( MER - 25 ) Femarelle Fispemifene GW - 7604 ICI - 55548 Idoxifene Lasofoxifene Levormeloxifene LN - 1643 LN - 2299 LY - 117018 Menerba Miproxifene Miproxifene phosphate Nafoxidine Nitromifene Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Panomifene Pipendoxifene Raloxifene Spironolactone SS1010 Tamoxifen TAS - 108 ( SR - 16234 ) Toremifene Trioxifene TZE - 5323 Y - 134 Zindoxifene Zuclomifene Antagonists ( R, R ) - THC 7β - Hydroxy - DHEA Chloroindazole Cytestrol acetate EM - 800 Epitiostanol ERA - 90 ERB - 88 Fulvestrant ( ICI - 182780 ) Glyceollins ( I, II, III, IV ) ICI - 164384 Mepitiostane Methylepitiostanol Methylpiperidinopyrazole MIBE Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate Phenytoin PHTPP Prochloraz RU - 58668 SS1020 TAS - 108 ( SR - 16234 ) ZB716 ZK - 164015 ZK - 191703 GPER Agonists 2 - Methoxyestradiol 7β - Hydroxyepiandrosterone Afimoxifene ( 4 - hydroxytamoxifen ) Atrazine Bisphenol A Daidzein DDT ( p, p ' - DDT, o ', p ' - DDE ) Equol Estradiol Ethinylestradiol Fulvestrant ( ICI - 182780 ) G - 1 Genistein GPER - L1 GPER - L2 Hydroxytyrosol Kepone Niacin Nicotinamide Nonylphenol Oleuropein PCBs ( 2, 2 ', 5 ' - PCB - 4 - OH ) Propylpyrazoletriol Quercetin Raloxifene Resveratrol Tamoxifen Tectoridin Zearalanone Zearalenol Zearalenone Zeranol ( zearalanol ) ) Antagonists CCL18 Estriol G - 15 G - 36 MIBE See also Receptor / signaling modulators Estrogens and antiestrogens Androgen receptor modulators Progesterone receptor modulators List of estrogens GABA receptor modulators Ionotropic GABA Agonists : ( + ) - Catechin Bamaluzole Barbiturates ( e.g., phenobarbital ) BL - 1020 DAVA Dihydromuscimol GABA Gabamide GABOB Gaboxadol ( THIP ) Homotaurine ( tramiprosate, 3 - APS ) Ibotenic acid iso - THAZ iso - THIP Isoguvacine Isomuscimol Isonipecotic acid Kojic amine Lignans ( e.g., honokiol ) Methylglyoxal Monastrol Muscimol Nefiracetam Neuroactive steroids ( e.g., allopregnanolone ) Org 20599 Phenibut Picamilon P4S Progabide Propofol Quisqualamine SL - 75102 TACA TAMP Terpenoids ( e.g., borneol ) Thiomuscimol Tolgabide ZAPA Positive modulators ( abridged ; see here for a full list ) : α - EMTBL Alcohols ( e.g., ethanol ) Anabolic steroids Avermectins ( e.g., ivermectin ) Barbiturates ( e.g., phenobarbital ) Benzodiazepines ( e.g., diazepam ) Bromide compounds ( e.g., potassium bromide ) Carbamates ( e.g., meprobamate ) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole Dihydroergolines ( e.g., ergoloid ( dihydroergotoxine ) ) Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates ( e.g., mefenamic acid ) Flavonoids ( e.g., apigenin, hispidulin ) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Imidazoles ( e.g., etomidate ) Kava constituents ( e.g., kavain ) Lanthanum Loreclezole Monastrol Neuroactive steroids ( e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol ) Niacin Nicotinamide ( niacinamide ) Nonbenzodiazepines ( e.g., β - carbolines ( e.g., abecarnil ), cyclopyrrolones ( e.g., zopiclone ), imidazopyridines ( e.g., zolpidem ), pyrazolopyrimidines ( e.g., zaleplon ) ) Norfluoxetine Petrichloral Phenols ( e.g., propofol ) Phenytoin Piperidinediones ( e.g., glutethimide ) Propanidid Pyrazolopyridines ( e.g., etazolate ) Quinazolinones ( e.g., methaqualone ) Retigabine ( ezogabine ) ROD - 188 Skullcap constituents ( e.g., baicalin ) Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes ( e.g., sulfonmethane ( sulfonal ) ) Topiramate Valerian constituents ( e.g., valerenic acid ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane ) Antagonists : Bicuculline Coriamyrtin Dihydrosecurinine Gabazine ( SR - 95531 ) Hydrastine Hyenachin ( mellitoxin ) PHP - 501 Pitrazepin Securinine Sinomenine SR - 42641 SR - 95103 Thiocolchicoside Tutin Negative modulators : 1, 3M1B 3M2B 11 - Ketoprogesterone 17 - Phenylandrostenol α5IA ( LS - 193,268 ) β - CCB β - CCE β - CCM β - CCP β - EMGBL Anabolic steroids Amiloride Anisatin β - Lactams ( e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems ) Basmisanil Bemegride Bilobalide CHEB Cicutoxin Cloflubicyne Cyclothiazide DHEA DHEA - S Dieldrin ( + ) - DMBB DMCM DMPC EBOB Etbicyphat FG - 7142 ( ZK - 31906 ) Fiproles ( e.g., fipronil ) Flavonoids ( e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A ) Flumazenil Fluoroquinolones ( e.g., ciprofloxacin ) Flurothyl Furosemide Iomazenil ( I ) IPTBO Isoallopregnanolone Isopregnanolone ( sepranolone ) L - 655,708 Laudanosine Leptazol Lindane MaxiPost Morphine Morphine - 3 - glucuronide MRK - 016 Naloxone Naltrexone Nicardipine Nonsteroidal antiandrogens ( e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide ) Oenanthotoxin Pentylenetetrazol ( pentetrazol ) Phenylsilatrane Picrotoxin ( i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin ) Pregnenolone sulfate Propybicyphat PWZ - 029 Radequinil Ro 15 - 4513 Ro 19 - 4603 RO4882224 RO4938581 Sarmazenil SCS Suritozole TB - 21007 TBOB TBPS TCS - 1105 Terbequinil TETS Thujone U-93631 Zinc ZK - 93426 GABA - ρ Agonists : BL - 1020 CACA CAMP Homohypotaurine GABA GABOB Ibotenic acid Isoguvacine Muscimol N - Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside Picamilon Progabide TACA TAMP Thiomuscimol Tolgabide Positive modulators : Allopregnanolone Alphaxolone ATHDOC Lanthanides Antagonists : ( S ) - 2 - MeGABA ( S ) - 4 - ACPBPA ( S ) - 4 - ACPCA 2 - MeTACA 3 - APMPA 4 - ACPAM 4 - GBA cis - 3 - ACPBPA CGP - 36742 ( SGS - 742 ) DAVA Gabazine ( SR - 95531 ) Gaboxadol ( THIP ) I4AA Isonipecotic acid Loreclezole P4MPA P4S SKF - 97541 SR - 95318 SR - 95813 TPMPA trans - 3 - ACPBPA ZAPA Negative modulators : 5α - Dihydroprogesterone Bilobalide Loreclezole Picrotoxin ( picrotin, picrotoxinin ) Pregnanolone ROD - 188 THDOC Zinc Metabotropic GABA Agonists : 1, 4 - Butanediol 4 - Fluorophenibut Aceburic acid Arbaclofen Arbaclofen placarbil Baclofen BL - 1020 GABA Gabamide GABOB GBL GHB GHBAL GHV GVL Isovaline Lesogaberan Phenibut Picamilon Progabide Sodium oxybate SKF - 97,541 SL 75102 Tolgabide Tolibut Positive modulators : ADX - 71441 BHF - 177 BHFF BSPP CGP - 7930 CGP - 13501 GS - 39783 rac - BHFF KK - 92A Antagonists : 2 - Hydroxysaclofen CGP - 35348 CGP - 46381 CGP - 52432 CGP - 54626 CGP - 55845 CGP - 64213 DAVA Homotaurine ( tramiprosate, 3 - APS ) Phaclofen Saclofen SCH - 50911 SKF - 97541 Negative modulators : Compound 14 See also Receptor / signaling modulators GABA receptor positive modulators GABA metabolism / transport modulators Growth factor receptor modulators Angiopoietin Agonists : Angiopoietin 1 Angiopoietin 4 Antagonists : Angiopoietin 2 Angiopoietin 3 Kinase inhibitors : Altiratinib CE - 245677 Rebastinib Antibodies : Evinacumab ( against angiopoietin 3 ) Nesvacumab ( against angiopoietin 2 ) CNTF Agonists : Axokine CNTF Dapiclermin EGF ( ErbB ) EGF ( ErbB1 / HER1 ) Agonists : Amphiregulin Betacellulin EGF ( urogastrone ) Epigen Epiregulin Heparin - binding EGF - like growth factor ( HB - EGF ) Murodermin Nepidermin Transforming growth factor alpha ( TGFα ) Kinase inhibitors : Afatinib AG - 490 Agerafenib Brigatinib Canertinib Dacomitinib Erlotinib Gefitinib Grandinin Icotinib Lapatinib Neratinib Osimertinib Vandetanib WHI - P 154 Antibodies : Cetuximab Depatuxizumab Depatuxizumab mafodotin Futuximab Imgatuzumab Matuzumab Necitumumab Nimotuzumab Panitumumab Zalutumumab ErbB2 / HER2 Agonists : Unknown / none Antibodies : Ertumaxomab Pertuzumab Trastuzumab Trastuzumab duocarmazine Trastuzumab emtansine Kinase inhibitors : Afatinib AG - 490 Lapatinib Mubritinib Neratinib ErbB3 / HER3 Agonists : Neuregulins ( heregulins ) ( 1, 2, 6 ( neuroglycan C ) ) Antibodies : Duligotumab Patritumab Seribantumab ErbB4 / HER4 Agonists : Betacellulin Epigen Heparin - binding EGF - like growth factor ( HB - EGF ) Neuregulins ( heregulins ) ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ( tomoregulin, TMEFF ) ) FGF FGFR1 Agonists : Ersofermin FGF ( 1, 2 ( bFGF ), 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 ( KGF2 ), 20 ) Repifermin Trafermin Velafermin FGFR2 Agonists : Ersofermin FGF ( 1, 2 ( bFGF ), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ( KGF ), 8, 9, 10 ( KGF2 ), 17, 18, 22 ) Palifermin Repifermin Sprifermin Trafermin Antibodies : Aprutumab Aprutumab ixadotin FGFR3 Agonists : Ersofermin FGF ( 1, 2 ( bFGF ), 4, 8, 9, 18, 23 ) Sprifermin Trafermin Antibodies : Burosumab ( against FGF23 ) FGFR4 Agonists : Ersofermin FGF ( 1, 2 ( bFGF ), 4, 6, 8, 9, 19 ) Trafermin Unsorted Agonists : FGF15 / 19 HGF ( c - Met ) Agonists : Hepatocyte growth factor Potentiators : Dihexa ( PNB - 0408 ) Kinase inhibitors : Altiratinib AM7 AMG - 458 Amuvatinib BMS - 777607 Cabozantinib Crizotinib Foretinib Golvatinib INCB28060 JNJ - 38877605 K252a MK - 2461 PF - 04217903 PF - 2341066 PHA - 665752 SU - 11274 Tivantinib Volitinib Antibodies : Emibetuzumab Ficlatuzumab Flanvotumab Onartuzumab Rilotumumab Telisotuzumab Telisotuzumab vedotin IGF IGF - 1 Agonists : des ( 1 - 3 ) IGF - 1 Insulin - like growth factor - 1 ( somatomedin C ) IGF - 1 LR3 Insulin - like growth factor - 2 ( somatomedin A ) Insulin Mecasermin Mecasermin rinfabate Kinase inhibitors : BMS - 754807 Linsitinib NVP - ADW742 NVP - AEW541 OSl - 906 Antibodies : AVE - 1642 Cixutumumab Dalotuzumab Figitumumab Ganitumab Robatumumab R1507 Teprotumumab Xentuzumab ( against IGF - 1 and IGF - 2 ) IGF - 2 Agonists : Insulin - like growth factor - 2 ( somatomedin A ) Antibodies : Dusigitumab Xentuzumab ( against IGF - 1 and IGF - 2 ) Others Binding proteins : IGFBP ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ) Cleavage products / derivatives with unknown target : Glypromate ( GPE, ( 1 - 3 ) IGF - 1 ) Trofinetide LNGF ( p75 ) Agonists : BDNF BNN - 20 BNN - 27 Cenegermin DHEA DHEA - S NGF NT - 3 NT - 4 Antagonists : ALE - 0540 Dexamethasone EVT - 901 ( SAR - 127963 ) Testosterone Antibodies : Against NGF : ABT - 110 ( PG110 ) ASP - 6294 Fasinumab Frunevetmab Fulranumab MEDI - 578 Ranevetmab Tanezumab Aptamers : Against NGF : RBM - 004 Decoy receptors : LEVI - 04 ( p75 - Fc ) PDGF Agonists : Becaplermin Platelet - derived growth factor ( A, B, C, D ) Kinase inhibitors : Agerafenib Axitinib Crenolanib Imatinib Lenvatinib Masitinib Motesanib Nintedanib Pazopanib Radotinib Quizartinib Sunitinib Sorafenib Toceranib Antibodies : Olaratumab Ramucirumab Tovetumab RET ( GFL ) GFRα1 Agonists : Glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) Liatermin Kinase inhibitors : Vandetanib GFRα2 Agonists : Neurturin ( NRTN ) Kinase inhibitors : Vandetanib GFRα3 Agonists : Artemin ( ARTN ) Kinase inhibitors : Vandetanib GFRα4 Agonists : Persephin ( PSPN ) Kinase inhibitors : Vandetanib Unsorted Kinase inhibitors : Agerafenib SCF ( c - Kit ) Agonists : Ancestim Stem cell factor Kinase inhibitors : Agerafenib Axitinib Dasatinib Imatinib Masitinib Nilotinib Pazopanib Quizartinib Sorafenib Sunitinib Toceranib TGFβ See here instead. Trk TrkA Agonists : Amitriptyline BNN - 20 BNN - 27 Cenegermin DHEA DHEA - S Gambogic amide NGF Tavilermide Antagonists : ALE - 0540 Dexamethasone FX007 Testosterone Negative allosteric modulators : VM - 902A Kinase inhibitors : Altiratinib AZD - 6918 CE - 245677 CH - 7057288 DS - 6051 Entrectinib GZ - 389988 K252a Larotrectinib Lestaurtinib Milciclib ONO - 4474 ONO - 5390556 PLX - 7486 Rebastinib SNA - 120 ( pegylated K252a ) ) Antibodies : Against TrkA : GBR - 900 ; Against NGF : ABT - 110 ( PG110 ) ASP - 6294 Fasinumab Frunevetmab Fulranumab MEDI - 578 Ranevetmab Tanezumab Aptamers : Against NGF : RBM - 004 Decoy receptors : ReN - 1820 ( TrkAd5 ) TrkB Agonists : 3, 7 - DHF 3, 7, 8, 2 ' - THF 4 ' - DMA - 7, 8 - DHF 7, 3 ' - DHF 7, 8 - DHF 7, 8, 2 ' - THF 7, 8, 3 ' - THF Amitriptyline BDNF BNN - 20 Deoxygedunin Deprenyl Diosmetin DMAQ - B1 HIOC LM22A - 4 N - Acetylserotonin NT - 3 NT - 4 Norwogonin ( 5, 7, 8 - THF ) R7 TDP6 Antagonists : ANA - 12 Cyclotraxin B Gossypetin ( 3, 5, 7, 8, 3 ', 4 ' - HHF ) Ligands : DHEA Kinase inhibitors : Altiratinib AZD - 6918 CE - 245677 CH - 7057288 DS - 6051 Entrectinib GZ - 389988 K252a Larotrectinib Lestaurtinib ONO - 4474 ONO - 5390556 PLX - 7486 TrkC Agonists : BNN - 20 DHEA NT - 3 Kinase inhibitors : Altiratinib AZD - 6918 CE - 245677 CH - 7057288 DS - 6051 Entrectinib GZ - 389988 K252a Larotrectinib Lestaurtinib ONO - 4474 ONO - 5390556 PLX - 7486 VEGF Agonists : Placental growth factor ( PGF ) Telbermin VEGF ( A, B, C, D ( FIGF ) ) Allosteric modulators : Cyclotraxin B Kinase inhibitors : Agerafenib Altiratinib Axitinib Cabozantinib Cediranib Lapatinib Lenvatinib Motesanib Nintedanib Pazopanib Pegaptanib Rebastinib Regorafenib Semaxanib Sorafenib Sunitinib Toceranib Tivozanib Vandetanib WHI - P 154 Antibodies : Alacizumab pegol Bevacizumab Icrucumab Ramucirumab Ranibizumab Decoy receptors : Aflibercept Others Additional growth factors : Adrenomedullin Colony - stimulating factors ( see here instead ) Connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) Ephrins ( A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, B2, B3 ) Erythropoietin ( see here instead ) Glucose - 6 - phosphate isomerase ( GPI ; PGI, PHI, AMF ) Glia maturation factor ( GMF ) Hepatoma - derived growth factor ( HDGF ) Interleukins / T - cell growth factors ( see here instead ) Leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ) Macrophage - stimulating protein ( MSP ; HLP, HGFLP ) Midkine ( NEGF2 ) Migration - stimulating factor ( MSF ; PRG4 ) Oncomodulin Pituitary adenylate cyclase - activating peptide ( PACAP ) Pleiotrophin Renalase Thrombopoietin ( see here instead ) Wnt signaling proteins Additional growth factor receptor modulators : Cerebrolysin ( neurotrophin mixture ) See also Receptor / signaling modulators Signaling peptide / protein receptor modulators Cytokine receptor modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators AMPAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Fluorowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA BOAA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Proline Quisqualic acid Willardiine ; Positive allosteric modulators : Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX - 516 CX - 546 CX - 614 Farampator ( CX - 691, ORG - 24448 ) CX - 717 CX - 1739 CX - 1942 Diazoxide Hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) IDRA - 21 LY - 392098 LY - 395153 LY - 404187 LY - 451646 LY - 503430 Mibampator ( LY - 451395 ) Nooglutyl ORG - 26576 Oxiracetam PEPA PF - 04958242 Piracetam Pramiracetam S - 18986 Tulrampator ( S - 47445, CX - 1632 ) Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 ATPO Becampanel Caroverine CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX Fanapanel ( MPQX ) GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Kynurenine Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) NBQX PNQX Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate YM90K Zonampanel ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) Cyclopropane Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue GYKI - 52466 GYKI - 53655 Halothane Irampanel Isoflurane Perampanel Pregnenolone sulfate Sevoflurane Talampanel ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : Minocycline KAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Bromowillardiine 5 - Iodowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA ATPA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Kainic acid LY - 339434 Proline Quisqualic acid SYM - 2081 ; Positive allosteric modulators : Cyclothiazide Diazoxide Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LY - 382884 NBQX NS102 Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate UBP - 302 ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental ) Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue NS - 3763 Pregnenolone sulfate NMDAR Agonists : Main site agonists : AMAA Aspartate Glutamate Homocysteic acid ( L - HCA ) Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Proline Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine Theanine ; Glycine site agonists : β - Fluoro - D - alanine ACBD ACC ( ACPC ) ACPD AK - 51 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) B6B21 CCG D - Alanine D - Cycloserine D - Serine DHPG Dimethylglycine Glycine HA - 966 L - 687414 L - Alanine L - Serine Milacemide Neboglamine ( nebostinel ) Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) Sarcosine ; Polyamine site agonists : Neomycin Spermidine Spermine ; Other positive allosteric modulators : 24S - Hydroxycholesterol DHEA ( prasterone ) DHEA sulfate ( prasterone sulfate ) Epipregnanolone sulfate Pregnenolone sulfate SAGE - 201 SAGE - 301 SAGE - 718 Antagonists : Competitive antagonists : AP5 ( APV ) AP7 CGP - 37849 CGP - 39551 CGP - 39653 CGP - 40116 CGS - 19755 CPP Kaitocephalin LY - 233053 LY - 235959 LY - 274614 MDL - 100453 Midafotel ( d - CPPene ) NPC - 12626 NPC - 17742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ - 220581 Selfotel ; Glycine site antagonists : 4 - Cl - KYN ( AV - 101 ) 5, 7 - DCKA 7 - CKA ACC ACEA - 1011 ACEA - 1328 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) AV - 101 Carisoprodol CGP - 39653 CNQX D - Cycloserine DNQX Felbamate Gavestinel GV - 196771 Harkoseride Kynurenic acid Kynurenine L - 689560 L - 701324 Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LU - 73068 MDL - 105519 Meprobamate MRZ 2 / 576 PNQX Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) ZD - 9379 ; Polyamine site antagonists : Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine ; Uncompetitive pore blockers ( mostly dizocilpine site ) : 2 - MDP 3 - HO - PCP 3 - MeO - PCE 3 - MeO - PCMo 3 - MeO - PCP 4 - MeO - PCP 8A - PDHQ 18 - MC α - Endopsychosin Alaproclate Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine Aptiganel Argiotoxin - 636 Arketamine ARL - 12495 ARL - 15896 - AR ARL - 16247 Budipine Coronaridine Delucemine ( NPS - 1506 ) Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dextromethadone Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Dieticyclidine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Ephenidine Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Fluorolintane Gacyclidine Ibogaine Ibogamine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Lanicemine Levomethadone Levomethorphan Levomilnacipran Levorphanol Loperamide Memantine Methadone Methorphan Methoxetamine Methoxphenidine Milnacipran Morphanol NEFA Neramexane Nitromemantine Noribogaine Norketamine Orphenadrine PCPr PD - 137889 Pethidine ( meperidine ) Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tabernanthine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol ; Ifenprodil ( NR2B ) site antagonists : Besonprodil Buphenine ( nylidrin ) CO-101244 ( PD - 174494 ) Eliprodil Haloperidol Isoxsuprine Radiprodil ( RGH - 896 ) Rislenemdaz ( CERC - 301, MK - 0657 ) Ro 8 - 4304 Ro 25 - 6981 Safaprodil Traxoprodil ( CP - 101606 ) ; NR2A - selective antagonists : MPX - 004 MPX - 007 TCN - 201 TCN - 213 ; Cations : Hydrogen Magnesium Zinc ; Alcohols / volatile anesthetics / related : Benzene Butane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : ARR - 15896 Bumetanide Caroverine Conantokin D - αAA Dexanabinol Flufenamic acid Flupirtine FPL - 12495 FR - 115427 Furosemide Hodgkinsine Ipenoxazone ( MLV - 6976 ) MDL - 27266 Metaphit Minocycline MPEP Niflumic acid Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate Piretanide Psychotridine Transcrocetin ( saffron ) See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism / transport modulators Sigma receptor modulators σ Agonists : 3 - PPP 4 - PPBP 5 - MeO - DMT Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine ANAVEX2 - 73 Arketamine BD - 737 BD - 1052 Captodiame Citalopram CGRP Cloperastine Cocaine Cutamesine ( SA - 4503 ) Cyclazocine Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) ( prasterone ) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( DHEA - S ) ( prasterone sulfate ) Dextrallorphan Dextromethorphan ( DXM ) Dextrorphan ( DXO ) Dimemorfan Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) Donepezil Eliprodil Escitalopram Fabomotizole ( afobazole ) Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Ifenprodil Igmesine ( JO - 1784 ) IPAB Ketamine L - 687384 MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Memantine Methamphetamine Methoxetamine Methylphenidate Nepinalone Neuropeptide Y Noscapine OPC - 14523 Opipramol Pentazocine Pentoxyverine ( carbetapentane ) PRE-084 Pregnenolone Pregnenolone sulfate Pridopidine Racemethorphan ( methorphan ) Racemorphan ( morphanol ) UMB - 23 UMB - 82 Antagonists : 3 - PPP AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1031 BD - 1047 BD - 1060 BD - 1063 BD - 1067 BMY - 14802 ( BMS - 181100 ) CM - 156 Dup - 734 E-5842 E-52862 ( S1RA ) Haloperidol LR - 132 LR - 172 MS - 377 NE - 100 NPC - 16377 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) PD - 144418 Pentazocine Progesterone Rimcazole ( BW - 234U ) Sertraline SR - 31742A Allosteric modulators : Phenytoin ; Positive : Methylphenylpiracetam SOMCL - 668 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCP 4C - T - 2 4 - IBP 4 - IPBS 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Amitriptyline Azidopamil Chlorpromazine Clemastine Clomipramine Clorgiline D - Deprenyl DiPT DPT Ibogaine Imipramine KCR - 12 - 83.1 Nemonapride Noribogaine RHL - 033 RS - 67,333 RTI - 55 Saffron Safinamide Selegiline Spipethiane Trifluoperazine W - 18 YKP10A σ Agonists : 3 - PPP Arketamine BD - 1047 BD1063 Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) DKR - 1005 DKR - 1051 Haloperidol Ifenprodil Ketamine MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Methamphetamine OPC - 14523 Opipramol PB - 28 Phencyclidine Siramesine ( Lu 28 - 179 ) UKH - 1114 Antagonists : AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1067 CM - 156 CT - 1812 LR - 172 MIN - 101 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) SAS - 0132 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCE 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Clemastine DiPT DPT Ibogaine Nemonapride Nepinalone Noribogaine Pentazocine RS - 67,333 Safinamide TMA UMB - 23 UMB - 82 W - 18 Unsorted Agonists : Berberine Ethylketazocine Fourphit Metaphit Nalbuphine Naluzotan Tapentadol Tenocyclidine Antagonists : AHD1 AZ66 Lamotrigine Naloxone SM - 21 UMB - 100 UMB - 101 UMB - 103 UMB - 116 YZ - 011 YZ - 069 YZ - 185 Allosteric modulators : SKF - 83959 Unknown / unsorted : 18 - Methoxycoronaridine BMY - 13980 Butaclamol Caramiphen Carvotroline Chlorphenamine ( chlorpheniramine ) Chlorpromazine Cinnarizine Cinuperone Clocapramine Dezocine EMD - 59983 Hypericin ( St. John 's wort ) Fluphenazine Gevotroline ( WY - 47384 ) Mepyramine ( pyrilamine ) Molindone Perphenazine Pimozide Proadifen Promethazine Propranolol Quinidine Remoxipride SL 82.0715 SR - 31747A Tiospirone ( BMY - 13859 ) Venlafaxine See also : Receptor / signaling modulators TRP channel modulators TRPA Activators 4 - Hydroxynonenal 4 - Oxo - 2 - nonenal 4, 5 - EET 12S - HpETE 15 - Deoxy - Δ - prostaglandin J2 α - Sanshool ( ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Acrolein Allicin ( garlic ) Allyl isothiocyanate ( mustard, radish, horseradish, wasabi ) AM404 Bradykinin Cannabichromene ( cannabis ) Cannabidiol ( cannabis ) Cannabigerol ( cannabis ) Cinnamaldehyde ( cinnamon ) CR gas ( dibenzoxazepine ; DBO ) CS gas ( 2 - chlorobenzal malononitrile ) Curcumin ( turmeric ) Dehydroligustilide ( celery ) Diallyl disulfide Dicentrine ( Lindera spp. ) Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid Formalin Gingerols ( ginger ) Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Hydrogen peroxide Icilin Isothiocyanate Ligustilide ( celery, Angelica acutiloba ) Linalool ( Sichuan pepper, thyme ) Methylglyoxal Methyl salicylate ( wintergreen ) N - Methylmaleimide Nicotine ( tobacco ) Oleocanthal ( olive oil ) Paclitaxel ( Pacific yew ) Paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) PF - 4840154 Phenacyl chloride Polygodial ( Dorrigo pepper ) Shogaols ( ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Tear gases Tetrahydrocannabinol ( cannabis ) Thiopropanal S - oxide ( onion ) Umbellulone ( Umbellularia californica ) WIN 55,212 - 2 Blockers Dehydroligustilide ( celery ) Nicotine ( tobacco ) Ruthenium red TRPC Activators Adhyperforin ( St John 's wort ) Diacyl glycerol GSK1702934A Hyperforin ( St John 's wort ) Substance P Blockers DCDPC DHEA - S Flufenamic acid GSK417651A GSK2293017A Meclofenamic acid N - ( p - amylcinnamoyl ) anthranilic acid Niflumic acid Pregnenolone sulfate Progesterone Pyr3 Tolfenamic acid TRPM Activators ADP - ribose BCTC Calcium ( intracellular ) Cold Coolact P Cooling Agent 10 CPS - 369 Eucalyptol ( eucalyptus ) Frescolat MGA Frescolat ML Geraniol Hydroxycitronellal Icilin Linalool Menthol ( mint ) PMD 38 Pregnenolone sulfate Rutamarin ( Ruta graveolens ) Steviol glycosides ( e.g., stevioside ) ( Stevia rebaudiana ) Sweet tastants ( e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose ; indirectly ) Thio - BCTC WS - 3 WS - 12 WS - 23 Blockers Capsazepine Clotrimazole DCDPC Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid N - ( p - amylcinnamoyl ) anthranilic acid Nicotine ( tobacco ) Niflumic acid Ruthenium red Rutamarin ( Ruta graveolens ) Tolfenamic acid TPPO TRPML Activators MK6 - 83 PI ( 3, 5 ) P SF - 22 TRPP Activators Triptolide ( Tripterygium wilfordii ) Blockers Ruthenium red TRPV Activators 2 - APB 5 ', 6 ' - EET 9 - HODE 9 - oxoODE 12S - HETE 12S - HpETE 13 - HODE 13 - oxoODE 20 - HETE α - Sanshool ( ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Allicin ( garlic ) AM404 Anandamide Bisandrographolide ( Andrographis paniculata ) Camphor ( camphor laurel, rosemary, camphorweed, African blue basil, camphor basil ) Cannabidiol ( cannabis ) Cannabidivarin ( cannabis ) Capsaicin ( chili pepper ) Carvacrol ( oregano, thyme, pepperwort, wild bergamot, others ) DHEA Diacyl glycerol Dihydrocapsaicin ( chili pepper ) Estradiol Eugenol ( basil, clove ) Evodiamine ( Euodia ruticarpa ) Gingerols ( ginger ) GSK1016790A Heat Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Homocapsaicin ( chili pepper ) Homodihydrocapsaicin ( chili pepper ) Incensole ( incense ) Lysophosphatidic acid Low pH ( acidic conditions ) Menthol ( mint ) N - Arachidonoyl dopamine N - Oleoyldopamine N - Oleoylethanolamide Nonivamide ( PAVA ) ( PAVA spray ) Nordihydrocapsaicin ( chili pepper ) Paclitaxel ( Pacific yew ) Paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) Phorbol esters ( e.g., 4α - PDD ) Piperine ( black pepper, long pepper ) Polygodial ( Dorrigo pepper ) Probenecid Protons RhTx Rutamarin ( Ruta graveolens ) Resiniferatoxin ( RTX ) ( Euphorbia resinifera / pooissonii ) Shogaols ( ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Tetrahydrocannabivarin ( cannabis ) Thymol ( thyme, oregano ) Tinyatoxin ( Euphorbia resinifera / pooissonii ) Tramadol Vanillin ( vanilla ) Zucapsaicin Blockers α - Spinasterol ( Vernonia tweediana ) AMG - 517 Asivatrep BCTC Cannabigerol ( cannabis ) Cannabigerolic acid ( cannabis ) Cannabigerovarin ( cannabis ) Cannabinol ( cannabis ) Capsazepine DCDPC DHEA DHEA - S Flufenamic acid GRC - 6211 HC - 067047 Lanthanum Meclofenamic acid N - ( p - amylcinnamoyl ) anthranilic acid NGD - 8243 Niflumic acid Pregnenolone sulfate RN - 1734 RN - 9893 Ruthenium red SB - 705498 Tivanisiran Tolfenamic acid See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Ion channel modulators Xenobiotic - sensing receptor modulators CAR Agonists : 6, 7 - Dimethylesculetin Amiodarone Artemisinin Benfuracarb Carbamazepine Carvedilol Chlorpromazine Chrysin CITCO Clotrimazole Cyclophosphamide Cypermethrin DHEA ( prasterone ) Efavirenz Ellagic acid Griseofulvin Methoxychlor Mifepristone Nefazodone Nevirapine Nicardipine Octicizer Permethrin Phenobarbital Phenytoin Pregnanedione ( 5β - dihydroprogesterone ) Reserpine TCPOBOP Telmisartan Tolnaftate Troglitazone Valproic acid Antagonists : 3, 17β - Estradiol 3α - Androstanol 3α - Androstenol 3β - Androstanol 17 - Androstanol AITC Ethinylestradiol Meclizine Nigramide J Okadaic acid PK - 11195 S - 07662 T - 0901317 PXR Agonists : 17α - Hydroxypregnenolone 17α - Hydroxyprogesterone Δ - Androstenedione Δ - Androstenediol Δ - Androstenedione AA - 861 Allopregnanediol Allopregnanedione ( 5α - dihydroprogesterone ) Allopregnanolone ( brexanolone ) Alpha - Lipoic acid Ambrisentan AMI - 193 Amlodipine besylate Antimycotics Artemisinin Aurothioglucose Bile acids Bithionol Bosentan Bumecaine Cafestol Cephaloridine Cephradine Chlorpromazine Ciglitazone Clindamycin Clofenvinfos Chloroxine Clotrimazole Colforsin Corticosterone Cyclophosphamide Cyproterone acetate Demecolcine Dexamethasone DHEA ( prasterone ) DHEA - S ( prasterone sulfate ) Dibunate sodium Diclazuril Dicloxacillin Dimercaprol Dinaline Docetaxel Docusate calcium Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Dronabinol Droxidopa Eburnamonine Ecopipam Enzacamene Epothilone B Erythromycin Famprofazone Febantel Felodipine Fenbendazole Fentanyl Flucloxacillin Fluorometholone Griseofulvin Guggulsterone Haloprogin Hetacillin potassium Hyperforin Hypericum perforatum ( St John 's wort ) Indinavir sulfate Lasalocid sodium Levothyroxine Linolenic acid LOE - 908 Loratadine Lovastatin Meclizine Metacycline Methylprednisolone Metyrapone Mevastatin Mifepristone Nafcillin Nicardipine Nicotine Nifedipine Nilvadipine Nisoldipine Norelgestromin Omeprazole Orlistat Oxatomide Paclitaxel Phenobarbital Piperine Plicamycin Prednisolone Pregnanediol Pregnanedione ( 5β - dihydroprogesterone ) Pregnanolone Pregnenolone Pregnenolone 16α - carbonitrile Proadifen Progesterone Quingestrone Reserpine Reverse triiodothyronine Rifampicin Rifaximin Rimexolone Riodipine Ritonavir Simvastatin Sirolimus Spironolactone Spiroxatrine SR - 12813 Suberoylanilide Sulfisoxazole Suramin Tacrolimus Tenylidone Terconazole Testosterone isocaproate Tetracycline Thiamylal sodium Thiothixene Thonzonium bromide Tianeptine Troglitazone Troleandomycin Tropanyl 3, 5 - dimethulbenzoate Zafirlukast Zeranol Antagonists : Ketoconazole Sesamin See also Receptor / signaling modulators Nuclear receptor modulators Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dehydroepiandrosterone&oldid=833216120 '' Categories : Androgens and anabolic steroids Androstanes Estrogens Hormones of the hypothalamus - pituitary - gonad axis GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Neurosteroids Neurotrophic factors NMDA receptor agonists Pheromones Pregnane X receptor agonists Sex hormones Sigma agonists Hidden categories : Articles without InChI source Articles without KEGG source ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Chembox image size set All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Türkçe 中文 13 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 08 : 46. 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Question: what type of chemicals are dhea and androstenedione
Answer: endogenous steroid hormone