Pescetarianism - Wikipedia Pescetarianism Japanese nigiri - sushi ; many cultures offer pescetarian - friendly cuisine. Pescetarianism / ˌpɛskəˈtɛəriənɪzm / ( also spelled pescatarianism ) or pesco - vegetarianism is the practice of following a diet that includes fish or other seafood, but not the flesh of other animals. Most pescetarians maintain a lacto - ovo vegetarian diet with the addition of fish and shellfish. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Rationale 2.1 Ethics 2.2 Health considerations 3 Abstinence in religion 3.1 Judaism 3.2 Roman Catholicism 3.3 Orthodox Christian and Byzantine Catholic usages 3.4 Hinduism 4 Comparisons to other diets 5 List of notable pescetarians 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Etymology `` Pescetarian '' or `` pescatarian '' is a neologism formed as a portmanteau of the Italian word pesce ( `` fish '' ) and the English word `` vegetarian ''. The English pronunciation of both `` pescetarian '' and `` pescatarian '' is / ˌpɛskɪˈtɛəriən /, with the same ( sk ) sound present in pescato ( Italian : ( peˈskaːto ), derived from piscatus, the perfect passive participle of the Latin verb piscor meaning `` to fish '' ), though not in the word pesce ( Italian : ( ˈpeʃʃe ) ). Pesce in turn derives from the Latin piscis, which has the form pisci - when it serves as a prefix, as it often does in scholarly terms ( e.g. `` pisciculture '', `` piscivore '' ). A piscivore, a type of carnivore, subsists on a diet primarily of fish, whereas a pescetarian eats plant derivatives as well as fish. A similar term for the latter is `` vegequarian ''. The Merriam - Webster dictionary dates the origin of the term pescatarian to 1993 and defines it as : `` one whose diet includes fish but no other meat ''. Rationale Ethics Some pescetarians adopt their diet because of the inefficiency of other meat sources. For example, in the United States most cattle, chickens and pork were not free - range and fed with grains specifically grown for their food. Therefore, the environmental impact and the amount of energy needed to feed a cow, a chicken or a pig greatly exceeds its nutritional value. Such pescetarians might prefer to eat wild - caught fish, as opposed to farmed carnivorous fish that require food input of other fish. They might use guides such as the Seafood Watch to determine the sustainability of their seafood source. Other pescetarians might regard their diet as a transition to vegetarianism, an ethical compromise, or a practical necessity to obtain nutrients absent or not easily found in plants. They argued that they have to eat `` some kind of meat '', and fish is the least unethical meat source compared to chicken or mammals. Statisticians and others who have looked at animal consumption, however, suggest that fish and aquatic animals may be the least ethical food source among animal food sources, as many more fish are killed for the same amount of food relative to other animals, though this is purely in reference to amount of animals killed, as opposed to how the animals are treated while alive, or the environmental impact of pescetarian diet versus a general omnivore diet. Given that fish are increasingly farmed around the world, fish often experience the same causes of suffering as birds and mammals. Scientific evidence increasingly supports the view that fish are sentient beings feeling pleasure and pain. Health considerations Further information : Mercury in fish One commonly cited reason is that of health, based on findings that red meat is detrimental to health in many cases due to non-lean red meats containing high amounts of saturated fats, choline and carnitine. Eating certain kinds of fish raises HDL levels, and some fish are a convenient source of omega - 3 fatty acids, and have numerous health benefits in one food variety. A 1999 meta - analysis of five studies comparing vegetarian and non-vegetarian mortality rates in Western countries found that in comparison with regular meat - eaters, mortality from ischemic heart disease was 34 % lower in pescetarians, 34 % lower in ovo - lacto vegetarians, 26 % lower in vegans and 20 % lower in occasional meat - eaters. Concerns have been raised about consuming some fish varieties containing toxins such as mercury and PCBs, though it is possible to select fish that contain little or no mercury and moderate the consumption of mercury - containing fish. Abstinence in religion Judaism Pescetarianism ( provided the fish is ruled kosher -- i.e., fish with fins and scales, and usually caught without bloodshed ) conforms to Jewish dietary laws, as kosher fish is `` pareve '' ( or `` parve '' ) -- neither ' milk ' nor ' meat '. In Sephardic Jewish homes, fish is never served with foods made with milk products. All non-fish seafood is non-kosher. In 2015, a member of the Liberal Judaism synagogue in Manchester founded The Pescetarian Society. Roman catholicism Further information : Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church Adhering to a diet closely resembling pescetarianism is a form of penance among Roman Catholics. Such an approach is mandatory of Catholics on all Fridays of the year, except in places such as the United States of America, where the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops made the practice optional but recommended. It is still mandatory on Ash Wednesday and every Friday during Lent, and some Traditionalist Catholics choose to abstain from meat during the entire 40 - day Lenten season, as was common practice in earlier times. Orthodox Christian and Byzantine Catholic usages The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. ( December 2014 ) Eastern Orthodox Christians consume a variation of a pescetarian diet ( allowing shellfish and mollusks without fish directly ) on Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year, as well as during Great Lent and the Nativity Fast ( which in fact allows fish many days of the fast ) and certain other fasting periods. Western Rite Orthodox are slightly more lax, requiring a stricter fasting period ( single meal per day ) but allowing a typical pescetarian diet as cited above. During fasting periods, dairy ( whether eggs or milk - based product ) is prohibited. In general, an Orthodox Christian diet uses a variation on pescetarianism approximately half the liturgical year. These usages are described in the Typikon, or Ustav, of each local Orthodox Church. By contrast, Byzantine Rite Catholic Churches such as the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church have a set minimum of requirements for fasting, which includes eating fish, and an ideal fast described in Eastern Canon Law as permitting only shellfish, but not fish or other meat. Fasting periods vary widely ; some churches, such as the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, have abbreviated the fast to start on December 10, following the Feast of the Conception by Saint Anne, reducing the fast to 15 days. The Melkite Greek Catholic Church permits meat on Saturdays, Sundays, and certain feasts, all of which are not treated as fast days. The Melkite Church describes three levels of fasting : The Law -- `` That which is required '', The Tradition -- `` That which the devout follow '', and Customary Compromises. In general, Eastern Christian ( whether Orthodox or Catholic ) monks eat no meat, but outside the aforementioned fasting periods, will consume dairy ( except Wednesdays and Fridays, and in some cases Mondays ). Hinduism By tradition, most Hindu Brahmin communities follow a strict lacto - vegetarian diet. However, there are a number of Brahmin sub-groups that allow fish eating. These include the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community from Coastal South - Western India. This community regards seafood in general as vegetables from the sea. They refrain from eating any land - based animals. Other Hindu communities who consume seafood in great quantity are the Maithili Brahmin and the Bengali Brahmin. The latter also eat meat on special occasions. Among the northeast Indian Hindus of Assam, Tripura, and Manipur, it is common for pescatarians to include poultry in their diets. Comparisons to other diets Pescetarianism is similar to many traditional diets emphasizing fish as well as fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, edible fungi, legumes, bread etc. Many coastal populations tend to eat this way. In common with some vegetarians, pescetarians often eat eggs, dairy products and packaged foods in addition to fruits, vegetables and grains. Pescetarians are sometimes described as vegetarian or pesco - vegetarian, but vegetarians commonly do not consider the pescetarian diet to be vegetarian. For example, the Vegetarian Society, which initiated popular use of the term vegetarian as early as 1847, does not consider pescetarianism to be a vegetarian diet. The definitions of vegetarian in mainstream dictionaries sometimes include fish in the diet. The Pescetarian Society evolved separately from The Vegetarian Society to better represent the lifestyle and interests of pesco - vegetarians. List of notable pescetarians See also : List of vegans and List of vegetarians Nicole Gale Anderson Mira Aroyo Pedro Aznar Brigitte Bardot Rowan Blanchard Kari Byron Montserrat Caballé Tracy Chapman Parvesh Cheena Common Misty Copeland Billy Corgan Fearne Cotton Chuck D Ted Danson Alan Davies Sierra Deaton Ellen DeGeneres Nate Diaz Nick Diaz David Duchovny Susie Essman Jon Fitch Martin Freeman Robert Fripp Johnny Galecki Ben Gibbard Lee Hyori Samantha James Steve Jobs Alejandro Jodorowsky Daniel Johns Mark Kermode Daniel Kessler Alex Kinsey Karlie Kloss Kristin Kreuk Lousewies van der Laan Harvey Levin Wendie Malick Novak Djokovic Eva Mendes Alyssa Milano Dannii Minogue Mary Tyler Moore Cam Newton Conor Oberst Amanda Palmer CM Punk Grigory Rasputin A $ AP Rocky Lluvia Rojo Olesya Rulin Brytni Sarpy. Andy Serkis Queen Sofía of Spain Tom Scharpling Hal Sparks Howard Stern Ben Stiller Sonny Strait Wendy van Dijk Ben Weinman Hayley Westenra David Zabriskie See also Food portal Semi-vegetarianism -- other forms of semi-vegetarianism that include occasional meat consumption Legal Sea Foods -- Boston, Massachusetts -- based network of seafood restaurants that uses the `` pescatarian '' term in their TV advertising References Jump up ^ Luna, Taryn ( 1 July 2015 ). `` Legal Sea Foods launches ' Pescatarianism ' ad campaign ''. The Boston Globe. Jump up ^ `` definition of pescatarian in Oxford dictionary ( American English ) ''. Oxford Dictionary of English. Jump up ^ `` definition of pescatarian in English from the Oxford dictionary ''. Oxford Dictionary of English. Jump up ^ `` Definition of pescatarian ''. Collins English Dictionary. ^ Jump up to : `` Definition of Pescatarian by Merriam - Webster ''. Merriam - Webster. ^ Jump up to : `` Define Pescatarian at Dictionary.com ''. 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Retrieved 29 July 2016. He will cheat slightly, he says, because he plans to eat small amounts of salmon two days per week to increase iron absorption External links Look up pescetarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. What is a pescatarian ? 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Health World Esperantist Vegetarian Association World Vegetarian Day Books, reports Thirty - nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian ( 1903 ) The Benefits of Vegetarianism ( 1927 ) Diet for a Small Planet ( 1971 ) Moosewood Cookbook ( 1977 ) Fit for Life ( 1985 ) Diet for a New America ( 1987 ) The China Study ( 2004 ) Raw Food Made Easy for 1 or 2 People ( 2005 ) Skinny Bitch ( 2005 ) Livestock 's Long Shadow ( 2006 ) Eating Animals ( 2009 ) The Kind Diet ( 2009 ) Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows ( 2009 ) Eat & Run ( 2012 ) Meat Atlas ( annual ) Films Meet Your Meat ( 2002 ) Peaceable Kingdom ( 2004 ) Earthlings ( 2005 ) A Sacred Duty ( 2007 ) Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead ( 2010 ) Planeat ( 2010 ) Forks Over Knives ( 2011 ) Vegucated ( 2011 ) Live and Let Live ( 2013 ) Cowspiracy ( 2014 ) What the Health ( 2017 ) Carnage ( 2017 ) Magazines Naked Food Vegetarian Times VegNews Physicians, academics Neal D. Barnard T. Colin Campbell Caldwell Esselstyn Gary L. 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Question: name of a person who only eats fish
Answer: pescetarians