Foramen ovale ( heart ) - wikipedia Foramen ovale ( heart ) Not to be confused with ostium secundum or foramen ovale ( skull ). Foramen ovale ( heart ) Sketch showing foramen ovale in a fetal heart. Red arrow shows blood from the inferior cava traveling to the right atrium and then to the left atrium. HF : right atrium, VF : left atrium. HH and VH : right and left ventricle. The heart still has a common pulmonary vein ( LV ), instead of four. Heart of human embryo of about thirty - five days, opened on left side. Details Precursor Septum secundum System Cardiovascular system Identifiers MeSH A07. 541.459 TA A12. 1.01. 007 FMA 86043 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale ( / fəˈreɪmən oʊ ˈvæli, - mɛn -, - ˈvɑː -, - ˈveɪ - / ), also foramen Botalli, ostium secundum of Born or falx septi, allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus ( which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation ). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis. Contents 1 Development 1.1 Closure 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 4 References Development Main article : Interatrial septum § Development The foramen ovale ( from Latin, meaning ' oval hole ' ) forms in the late fourth week of gestation, as a small passageway between the septum secundum the ostium secundum. Initially the atria are separated from one another by the septum primum except for a small opening below the septum, the ostium primum. As the septum primum grows, the ostium primum narrows and eventually closes. Before it does so, bloodflow from the inferior vena cava wears down a portion of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. Some embryologists postulate that the ostium secundum may be formed through programmed cell death. The ostium secundum provides communication between the atria after the ostium primum closes completely. Subsequently, a second wall of tissue, the septum secundum, grows over the ostium secundum in the right atrium. Blood then only passes from the right to left atrium by way of a small passageway in the septum secundum and then through the ostium secundum. This passageway is called the foramen ovale. Closure The foramen ovale normally closes at birth. At birth, when the lungs become functional, the pulmonary vascular pressure decreases and the left atrial pressure exceeds that of the right. This forces the septum primum against the septum secundum, functionally closing the foramen ovale. In time the septa eventually fuse, leaving a remnant of the foramen ovale, the fossa ovalis. Function A fetus receives oxygen not from its lungs, but from the mother 's oxygen - rich blood via the placenta. Oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical cord to the right atrium of the fetal heart. As the fetal lungs are non-functional at this time, it is more efficient for the blood to bypass them. This is accomplished through 2 cardiac shunts. The first is the foramen ovale which shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. The second is the ductus arteriosus which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery ( which, after birth, carries blood from the right side of the heart ( to the lungs ) to the descending aorta. Clinical significance Main article : Patent foramen ovale In about 25 % of adults the foramen ovale does not close completely, but remains as a small patent foramen ovale ( `` PFO '' ). In most of these individuals, the PFO causes no problems and remains undetected throughout life. PFO has long been studied because of its role in paradoxical embolism ( an embolism that travels from the venous side to the arterial side ). This may lead to a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Transesophageal echocardiography is considered the most accurate investigation to demonstrate a patent foramen ovale. A patent foramen ovale may also be an incidental finding. References Jump up ^ `` foramen ''. Merriam - Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 22. `` ovale ''. Merriam - Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 22. Jump up ^ `` foramen ''. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 22. Jump up ^ `` foramen ''. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 22. Jump up ^ Sadler, Thomas W. ( 2004 ). Langman 's Essential Medical Embryology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0 - 7817 - 5571 - 9. Jump up ^ Homma, S. ( 2005 ). `` Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke ''. Circulation. 112 ( 7 ) : 1063 -- 1072. doi : 10.1161 / CIRCULATIONAHA. 104.524371. ISSN 0009 - 7322. PMID 16103257. Carlson, Bruce ( 2004 ). Human Embryology And Developmental Biology ( 3rd edition ). Elsevier Mosby. ISBN 0 - 323 - 03649 - X. `` Congenital Heart Disorders ''. Cleveland Clinic. Development of the circulatory system Heart Tubular heart Truncus arteriosus Bulbus cordis Primitive ventricle Primitive atrium Sinus venosus Chamber formation Atrioventricular Primary interventricular foramen Endocardial cushions Septum intermedium Atrioventricular canal Atrial Septum primum Foramen secundum Primary interatrial foramen Septum secundum Foramen ovale Other Aorticopulmonary septum Protein signalling in heart development Vessels Arteries Dorsal aorta Aortic arches Aortic sac Veins Anterior cardinal vein Posterior cardinal vein Common cardinal veins Lymph vessels Lymph sacs Extraembryonic hemangiogenesis Blood islands Chorion Connecting stalk Yolk sac Placenta Fetal circulation umbilical cord : Umbilical vein → Ductus venosus → Inferior vena cava → Heart → Pulmonary artery → Ductus arteriosus → Aorta → Umbilical artery yolk sac : Vitelline veins Vitelline arteries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foramen_ovale_(heart)&oldid=812844391 '' Categories : Cardiology Embryology of cardiovascular system Obstetrics Pediatrics Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bosanski Català Čeština Deutsch Español Français Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 30 November 2017, at 05 : 33. 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Question: foramen ovale is located where on the fetal heart
Answer: between the septum secundum the ostium secundum