Forty - second Amendment of the Constitution of India - wikipedia Forty - second Amendment of the Constitution of India The Constitution ( Forty - second Amendment ) Act, 1976 Parliament of India An Act further to amend the Constitution of India. Citation 42nd Amendment Territorial extent India Enacted by Lok Sabha Date passed 2 November 1976 Enacted by Rajya Sabha Date passed 11 November 1976 Date assented to 18 December 1976 Date commenced 3 January 1977 Legislative history Bill introduced in the Lok Sabha The Constitution ( Forty - second Amendment ) Bill, 1976 Bill published on 1 September 1976 Introduced by H.R. Gokhale Bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha Constitution ( Forty - second Amendment ) Bill, 1976 Bill published on 4 November 1976 Repealing legislation 43rd and 44th Amendments Summary Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a `` Socialist Secular '' Republic. The 42nd amendment to Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution ( Forty - second amendment ) Act, 1976, was enacted during the Emergency ( 25 June 1975 -- 21 March 1977 ) by the Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi. Most provisions of the amendment came into effect on 3 January 1977, others were enforced from 1 February and Section 27 came into force on 1 April 1977. The 42nd Amendment is regarded as the most controversial constitutional amendment in Indian history. It attempted to reduce the power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to pronounce upon the constitutional validity of laws. It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation. This amendment brought about the most widespread changes to the Constitution in its history, and is sometimes called a `` mini-Constitution '' or the `` Constitution of Indira ''. Almost all parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble and amending clause, were changed by the 42nd Amendment, and some new articles and sections were inserted. The amendment 's fifty - nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty. It curtailed democratic rights in the country, and gave sweeping powers to the Prime Minister 's Office. The amendment gave Parliament unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution, without judicial review. It transferred more power from the state governments to the central government, eroding India 's federal structure. The 42nd Amendment also amended Preamble and changed the description of India from `` sovereign democratic republic '' to a `` sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic '', and also changed the words `` unity of the nation '' to `` unity and integrity of the nation ''. The Emergency era had been widely unpopular, and the 42nd Amendment was the most controversial issue. The clampdown on civil liberties and widespread abuse of human rights by police angered the public. The Janata Party which had promised to `` restore the Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency '', won the 1977 general elections. The Janata government then brought about the 43rd and 44th Amendments in 1977 and 1978 respectively, to restore the pre-1976 position to some extent. However, the Janata Party was not able to fully achieve its objectives. On 31 July 1980, in its judgement on Minerva Mills v. Union of India, the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional two provisions of the 42nd Amendment which prevent any constitutional amendment from being `` called in question in any Court on any ground '' and accord precedence to the Directive Principles of State Policy over the Fundamental Rights of individuals respectively. This respectively amends mostly of whole constitution, hence is called as mini constitution. Contents 1 Proposal and enactment 1.1 Ratification 2 Objective 3 Constitutional changes 4 Amendment of the Preamble 5 Aftermath 6 Legal challenges of the amendment 7 Legacy 8 See also 9 References 10 External links 11 Further reading Proposal and enactment Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, whose Indian National Congress government enacted the 42nd Amendment in 1976, during the Emergency. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi set up a committee in 1976 under the Chairmanship of then Minister of External Affairs Swaran Singh `` to study the question of amendment of the Constitution in the light of experience ''. The bill for the Constitution ( Forty - second Amendment ) Act, 1976 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 1 September 1976, as the Constitution ( Forty - Second Amendment ) Bill, 1976 ( Bill No. 91 of 1976 ). It was introduced by H.R. Gokhale, then Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs. It sought to amend the Preamble and articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F and the Seventh Schedule. It also sought to substitute articles 103, 150, 192 and 226 ; and insert new Parts IVA and XIVA and new articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A in the Constitution. In a speech in the Lok Sabha on 27 October 1976, Gandhi claimed that the amendment `` is responsive to the aspirations of the people, and reflects the realities of the present time and the future ''. The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha from 25 to 30 October and November 1 and 2. Clauses 2 to 14, 6 to 16, 18 to 20, 22 to 28, 31 to 33, 35 to 41, 43 to 50 and 56 to 59 were adopted in their original form. The remaining clauses were all amended in the Lok Sabha before being passed. Clause 1 of the bill was adopted by the Lok Sabha on 1 November and amended to replace the name `` Forty - fourth '' with `` Forty - second '', and a similar amendment was made on 28 October to Clause 5 which sought to introduce a new article 31D to the Constitution. Amendments to all the other clauses were adopted on 1 November and the bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 2 November 1976. It was then debated by the Rajya Sabha on 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 and 11 November. All amendments made by the Lok Sabha were adopted by the Rajya Sabha on 10 November, and the bill was passed on 11 November 1976. The bill, after ratification by the States, received assent from then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on 18 December 1976, and was notified in The Gazette of India on the same date. Sections 2 to 5, 7 to 17, 20, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 43 to 53, 55, 56, 57 and 59 of the 42nd amendment came into force from 3 January 1977. Sections 6, 23 to 26, 37 to 42, 54 and 58 went into effect from 1 February 1977 and Section 27 from 1 April 1977. Ratification The Act was passed in accordance with the provisions of Article 368 of the Constitution, and was ratified by more than half of the State Legislatures, as required under Clause ( 2 ) of the said article. State Legislatures that ratified the amendment are listed below : Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Haryana Himachal Pradesh Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tripura Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Did not ratify : Gujarat Jammu and Kashmir Kerala Meghalaya Nagaland Tamil Nadu Objective The amendment removed election disputes from the purview of the courts. The amendment 's opponents described it as a `` convenient camouflage ''. Second, the amendment transferred more power from the state governments to the central government, eroding India 's federal structure. The third purpose of the amendment was to give Parliament unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution, without judicial review. The fourth purpose was to make any law passed in pursuance of a Directive Principle immune from scrutiny by the Supreme Court. Supporters of the measure said this would `` make it difficult for the court to upset parliament 's policy in regard to many matters ''. Constitutional changes Part of a series on Constitution of India Preamble Parts Fundamental Rights PART I ∙ II ∙ III ∙ IV ∙ IVA ∙ V ∙ VI ∙ VII VIII ∙ IX ∙ IXA ∙ IXB ∙ X ∙ XI ∙ XII ∙ XIII ∙ XIV XV ∙ XVI ∙ XVIA ∙ XVII ∙ XVIII ∙ XIX ∙ XX ∙ XXI XXII Schedules First ∙ Second ∙ Third ∙ Fourth ∙ Fifth Sixth ∙ Seventh ∙ Eighth ∙ Ninth Tenth ∙ Eleventh ∙ Twelfth Appendices I ∙ II ∙ III ∙ IV ∙ V Amendments List ∙ 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 4 ∙ 5 ∙ 6 ∙ 7 ∙ 8 ∙ 9 ∙ 10 ∙ 11 ∙ 12 ∙ 13 ∙ 14 ∙ 15 ∙ 16 ∙ 17 ∙ 18 ∙ 19 ∙ 20 ∙ 21 ∙ 22 ∙ 23 ∙ 24 ∙ 25 ∙ 26 ∙ 27 ∙ 28 ∙ 29 ∙ 30 ∙ 31 ∙ 32 ∙ 33 ∙ 34 ∙ 35 ∙ 36 ∙ 37 ∙ 38 ∙ 39 ∙ 40 ∙ 41 ∙ 42 ∙ 43 ∙ 44 ∙ 45 ∙ 46 ∙ 47 ∙ 48 ∙ 49 ∙ 50 ∙ 51 ∙ 52 ∙ 53 ∙ 54 ∙ 55 ∙ 56 ∙ 57 ∙ 58 ∙ 59 ∙ 60 ∙ 61 ∙ 62 ∙ 63 ∙ 64 ∙ 65 ∙ 66 ∙ 67 ∙ 68 ∙ 69 ∙ 70 ∙ 71 ∙ 72 ∙ 73 ∙ 74 ∙ 75 ∙ 76 ∙ 77 ∙ 78 ∙ 79 ∙ 80 ∙ 81 ∙ 82 ∙ 83 ∙ 84 ∙ 85 ∙ 86 ∙ 87 ∙ 88 ∙ 89 ∙ 90 ∙ 91 ∙ 92 ∙ 93 ∙ 94 ∙ 95 ∙ 96 ∙ 97 ∙ 98 ∙ 99 ∙ 100 ∙ 101 Related topics Union List State List Concurrent List Basic structure doctrine Uniform civil code Almost all parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble and amending clause, were changed by the 42nd Amendment, and some new articles and sections were inserted. Some of these changes are described below. The Parliament was given unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution, without judicial review. This essentially invalidated the Supreme Court 's ruling in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala in 1973. The amendment to article 368, prevented any constitutional amendment from being `` called in question in any Court on any ground ''. It also declared that there would be no limitation whatever on the constituent power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment also restricted the power of the courts to issue stay orders or injunctions. The 42nd Amendment revoked the courts ' power to determine what constituted an office of profit. A new article 228A was inserted in the Constitution which would give High Courts the authority to `` determine all questions as to the constitutional validity of any State law ''. The amendment 's fifty - nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty. The 43rd and 44th Amendments reversed these changes. Article 74 was amended and it was explicitly stipulated that `` the President shall act in accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers ''. Governors of states were not included in this article. The interval at which a proclamation of Emergency under Article 356 required approval from Parliament was extended from six months to one year. Article 357 was amended so as to ensure that laws made for a State, while it was under Article 356 emergency, would not cease immediately after the expiry of the emergency, but would instead continue to be in effect until the law was changed by the State Legislature. Articles 358 and 359 were amended, to allow suspension of Fundamental Rights, and suspension of enforcement of any of the rights conferred by the Constitution during an Emergency. The 42nd Amendment added new Directive Principles, viz Article 39A, Article 43A and Article 48A. The 42nd Amendment gave primacy to the Directive Principles, by stating that `` no law implementing any of the Directive Principles could be declared unconstitutional on the grounds that it violated any of the Fundamental Rights ''. The Amendment simultaneously stated that laws prohibiting `` antinational activities '' or the formation of `` antinational associations '' could not be invalidated because they infringed on any of the Fundamental Rights. The 43rd and 44th Amendments repealed the 42nd Amendment 's provision that Directive Principles take precedence over Fundamental Rights, and also curbed Parliament 's power to legislate against `` antinational activities ''. The 42nd Amendment also added a new section to the Article on `` Fundamental Duties '' in the Constitution. The new section required citizens `` to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities. '' The 42nd Amendment granted power to the President, in consultation with the Election Commission, to disqualify members of State Legislatures. Prior to the Amendment, this power was power vested in the Governor of the State. Article 105 was amended so as to grant each House of Parliament, its members and committees the right to `` evolve '' their `` powers, privileges and immunities '', `` from time to time ''. Article 194 was amended to grant the same rights as Clause 21 to State Legislatures, its members and committees. Two new clauses 4A and 26A were inserted into article 366 of the Constitution, which defined the meaning of the terms `` Central Law '' and `` State Law '' by inserting two new clauses 4A and 26A into article 366 of the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment froze any delimitation of constituencies for elections to Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies until after the 2001 Census of India, by amending article 170 ( relating to composition of Legislative Assemblies ). The total number of seats in the Lok Sabha and the Assemblies remained the same until the 91st Amendment, passed in 2003, extended the freeze up to 2026. The number of seats reserved for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies was also frozen. The amendment extended the term of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies members from five to six years, by amending article 172 ( relating to MLAs ) and Clause ( 2 ) of Article 83 ( for MPs ). The 44th Amendment repealed this change, shortening the term of the aforementioned assemblies back to the original 5 years. Amendment of the Preamble The original text of the Preamble before the 42nd Amendment The 42nd Amendment changed the description of India from a `` sovereign democratic republic '' to a `` sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic '', and also changed the words `` unity of the nation '' to `` unity and integrity of the nation ''. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of the Constitution, was opposed to declaring India 's social and economic structure in the Constitution. During the Constituent Assembly debates on framing the Constitution in 1946, K.T. Shah proposed an amendment seeking to declare India as a `` Secular, Federal, Socialist '' nation. In his opposition to the amendment, Ambedkar stated, `` My objections, stated briefly are two. In the first place the Constitution... is merely a mechanism for the purpose of regulating the work of the various organs of the State. It is not a mechanism where by particular members or particular parties are installed in office. What should be the policy of the State, how the Society should be organised in its social and economic side are matters which must be decided by the people themselves according to time and circumstances. It can not be laid down in the Constitution itself, because that is destroying democracy altogether. If you state in the Constitution that the social organisation of the State shall take a particular form, you are, in my judgment, taking away the liberty of the people to decide what should be the social organisation in which they wish to live. It is perfectly possible today, for the majority people to hold that the socialist organisation of society is better than the capitalist organisation of society. But it would be perfectly possible for thinking people to devise some other form of social organisation which might be better than the socialist organisation of today or of tomorrow. I do not see therefore why the Constitution should tie down the people to live in a particular form and not leave it to the people themselves to decide it for themselves. This is one reason why the amendment should be opposed. '' Ambedkar 's second objection was that the amendment was `` purely superfluous '' and `` unnecessary '', as `` socialist principles are already embodied in our Constitution '' through Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Referring to the Directive Principles, he asked Shah, `` If these directive principles to which I have drawn attention are not socialistic in their direction and in their content, I fail to understand what more socialism can be ''. Shah 's amendment failed to pass, and the Preamble remained unchanged until the 42nd Amendment. Aftermath See also : Indian general election, 1977 Morarji Desai became Prime Minister after the 1977 elections. During the Emergency, Indira Gandhi implemented a 20 - point program of economic reforms that resulted in greater economic growth, aided by the absence of strikes and trade union conflicts. Encouraged by these positive signs and distorted and biased information from her party supporters, Gandhi called for elections in May 1977. However, the Emergency era had been widely unpopular. The 42nd Amendment was widely criticised, and the clampdown on civil liberties and widespread abuse of human rights by police angered the public. In its election manifesto for the 1977 elections, the Janata Party promised to `` restore the Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency and to put rigorous restrictions on the executive 's emergency and analogous powers ''. The election ended the control of the Congress ( Congress ( R ) from 1969 ) over the executive and legislature for the first time since independence. After winning the elections, the Moraji Desai government attempted to repeal the 42nd Amendment. However, Gandhi 's Congress party held 163 seats in the 250 seat Rajya Sabha, and vetoed the government 's repeal bill. The Janata government then brought about the 43rd and 44th Amendments in 1977 and 1978 respectively, to restore the pre-1976 position to some extent. Among other changes, the amendments revoked the 42nd Amendment 's provision that Directive Principles take precedence over Fundamental Rights, and also curbed Parliament 's power to legislate against `` antinational activities ''. However, the Janata Party was not able to fully achieve its objective of restoring the Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency. Legal challenges of the Amendment The constitutionality of sections 4 and 55 of the 42nd Amendment were challenged in Minerva Mills v. Union of India, when Charan Singh was caretaker Prime Minister. Section 4 of the 42nd Amendment, had amended Article 31C of the Constitution to accord precedence to the Directive Principles of State Policy articulated in Part IV of the Constitution over the Fundamental Rights of individuals articulated in Part III. Section 55 prevented any constitutional amendment from being `` called in question in any Court on any ground ''. It also declared that there would be no limitation whatever on the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. After the Indian general election, 1980, the Supreme Court declared sections 4 and 55 of the 42nd amendment as unconstitutional. It further endorsed and evolved the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution. In the judgement on Section 4, Chief Justice Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud wrote : Three Articles of our Constitution, and only three, stand between the heaven of freedom into which Tagore wanted his country to awake and the abyss of unrestrained power. They are Articles 14, 19 and 21. Article 31C has removed two sides of that golden triangle which affords to the people of this country an assurance that the promise held forth by the preamble will be performed by ushering an egalitarian era through the discipline of fundamental rights, that is, without emasculation of the rights to liberty and equality which alone can help preserve the dignity of the individual. On Section 4, Chandrachud wrote, `` Since the Constitution had conferred a limited amending power on the Parliament, the Parliament can not under the exercise of that limited power enlarge that very power into an absolute power. Indeed, a limited amending power is one of the basic features of our Constitution and therefore, the limitations on that power can not be destroyed. In other words, Parliament can not, under Article 368, expand its amending power so as to acquire for itself the right to repeal or abrogate the Constitution or to destroy its basic and essential features. The donee of a limited power can not by the exercise of that power convert the limited power into an unlimited one. '' The ruling was widely welcomed in India, and Gandhi did not challenge the verdict. The Supreme Court 's position on constitutional amendments laid out in its judgements in Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala and the Minvera Mills case, is that Parliament can amend the Constitution but can not destroy its `` basic structure ''. On 8 January 2008, a petition, filed by Sanjiv Agarwal of the NGO Good Governance India Foundation, challenged the validity of Section 2 of the 42nd Amendment, which inserted the word `` socialist '' in the Preamble to the Constitution. In its first hearing of the case, Chief Justice K.G. Balakrishnan, who headed the three - judge bench, observed, `` Why do you take socialism in a narrow sense defined by communists ? In broader sense, it means welfare measures for the citizens. It is a facet of democracy. It has n't got any definite meaning. It gets different meanings in different times. '' Justice Kapadia stated that no political party had, so far, challenged the amendment and everyone had subscribed to it. The court would consider it only when any political party challenged the EC. The petition was withdrawn on 12 July 2010 after the Supreme Court declared the issue to be `` highly academic ''. Legacy In the book JP Movement and the Emergency, historian Bipan Chandra wrote, `` Sanjay Gandhi and his cronies like Bansi Lal, Minister of Defence at the time, were keen on postponing elections and prolonging the emergency by several years... In October -- November 1976, an effort was made to change the basic civil libertarian structure of the Indian Constitution thorough the 42nd amendment to it... The most important changes were designed to strengthen the executive at the cost of the judiciary, and thus disturb the carefully crafted system of Constitutional checks and balance between the three organs of the government. '' See also List of amendments of the Constitution of India References ^ Jump up to : Hart, Henry C. ( April 1980 ). `` The Indian Constitution : Political Development and Decay ''. Asia Survey, Vol. 20, No. 4, Apr., 1980. University of California Press. JSTOR i345360. Missing or empty url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Dev, Nitish. `` Constitutional Amendments of India ''. PublishYourArticles.org. Retrieved 12 April 2012. ^ Jump up to : John R. Walker ( June 21, 1977 ). `` Janata 's flaws shown by wins in northern India ''. The Calgary Herald. Southam News Services. Retrieved 21 November 2013. ^ Jump up to : `` The bill finally cometh ''. The Sunday Indian. August 21, 2011. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : R.C. Bhardwaj, ed. ( 1 January 1995 ). Constitution Amendment in India ( Sixth ed. ). New Delhi : Northern Book Centre. pp. 76 -- 84 ; 190 -- 196. Retrieved 21 November 2013. Jump up ^ `` Forty Second Amendment ''. Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 26. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jump up ^ Lok Sabha Debates, Fifth Series, vol. 65, no. 3, cols. 141 - 2. Jump up ^ `` Parliament Has Unfettered Right ''. Indira Gandhi, Selected Speeches and Writings, vol. 3. pp. 283 -- 91. Jump up ^ `` The Constitution ( Amendment ) Acts ''. Constitution.org. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 25. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ Jump up to : `` When in doubt, amend ''. Indian Express. 2009 - 08 - 21. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : Granville, Austin. Working A Democratic Constitution - The Indian Experience. p. 371. ^ Jump up to : `` ' Issue too academic ', so PIL on socialism in statute withdrawn ''. The Indian Express. 2010 - 07 - 13. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : `` The Rise of Indira Gandhi ''. Library of Congress Country Studies. Retrieved 2009 - 06 - 27. ^ Jump up to : `` A living legend ''. The Indian Express. 24 January 1998. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2014 - 11 - 21. ^ Jump up to : `` Indian Constitution : Sixty years of our faith ''. The Indian Express. 2010 - 02 - 02. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : Prateek Deol. `` 42nd Constitutional Amendment : A Draconion Act Of Parliament - Gujarat National Law University ''. Legalserviceindia.com. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : `` India - The Constitution ''. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jump up ^ `` Delimitation of constituencies ''. The Hindu. 2001 - 09 - 17. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. ^ Jump up to : `` CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA - VOLUME VII ''. NIC. 15 November 1948. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jump up ^ Paul R. Brass ( 1994 ). The Politics of India Since Independence. Cambridge University Press. pp. 40 -- 50. ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 45970 - 9. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Raghav Sharma ( 2008 - 04 - 16 ). `` Minerva Mills Ltd. & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors : A Jurisprudential Perspective ''. Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1121817. Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Minerva Mills Ltd. & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors ''. Open Archive. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 17. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jump up ^ `` Front Page : ' Socialist ' tag in statute challenged ''. The Hindu. 2008 - 01 - 09. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. Jump up ^ `` India a socialist nation ? SC says keep the tag ''. Ibnlive.in.com. 2008 - 01 - 08. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. Jump up ^ J. Venkatesan ( 2010 - 07 - 13 ). `` Petition against term `` socialist '' in Constitution rejected ``. The Hindu. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. Jump up ^ `` New book flays Indira Gandhi 's decision to impose Emergency ''. IBN Live News. 2011 - 05 - 30. Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23. External links Full text of the 42nd Amendment - NIC Full text of the 42nd Amendment - india.gov.in Further reading G.G. Mirchandani Subverting the Constitution ( Abhinav Publications, 1977 ) Kiruṣṇā Ān̲ant, Vi India Since Independence : Making Sense of Indian Politics ( Pearson Education India, 2010 ) The Emergency of 1975 -- 77 Personalities Atal Bihari Vajpayee Bansi Lal C. Achutha Menon Charan Singh Devakanta Barua Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed George Fernandes Hans Raj Khanna Harcharan Singh Longowal H.N. Bahuguna Indira Gandhi Jagjivan Ram Jagmohan Jagmohanlal Sinha Jayaprakash Narayan Jivatram Kripalani K. Kamaraj K. Karunakaran Lal Krishna Advani M.G. Ramachandran M. Karunanidhi Morarji Desai Narendra Modi Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Pranab Mukherjee Raj Narain Sanjay Gandhi Siddhartha Shankar Ray Zail Singh Organisations Bharatiya Jana Sangh Bharatiya Lok Dal Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Dravidar Kazhagam Indian National Congress ( Organisation ) Indian National Congress ( R ) Indian National Congress Janata Morcha Janata Party People 's Union for Civil Liberties Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Shiromani Akali Dal Socialist Party of India Swatantra Party Events State of Emergency in India State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 38th Amendment 39th Amendment 42nd Amendment Turkman gate demolition and rioting Baroda dynamite case Shah Commission Maintenance of Internal Security Act Rajan case Indian general election, 1977 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India&oldid=834336390 '' Categories : The Emergency ( India ) Secularism in India 1976 in India Amendments of the Constitution of India 1976 in law Indira Gandhi administration Indian labour law Hidden categories : Pages using web citations with no URL CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Use dmy dates from September 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia മലയാളം Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018, at 04 : 50. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: when did fundamental duties get inserted into indian constitution
Answer: 3 January 1977