Zhu De - wikipedia Zhu De Marshal Zhu De 朱 德 Marshal Zhu De ( 1955 ) 2nd Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress In office April 28, 1959 -- July 6, 1976 President abolished ( since 1975 ) Preceded by Liu Shaoqi Succeeded by Soong Ching - ling ( acting ) Head of State of the People 's Republic of China as Chairman of the NPCSC In office January 17, 1975 -- July 6, 1976 Premier Zhou Enlai Hua Guofeng Leader Mao Zedong Preceded by Dong Biwu ( as acting chairman of the PRC ) Succeeded by Soong Ching - ling ( acting ) 1st Vice Chairman of the People 's Republic of China In office September 27, 1954 -- April 27, 1959 Chairman Mao Zedong Succeeded by Soong Ching - ling and Dong Biwu Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China In office 28 September 1956 -- 1 August 1966 Chairman Mao Zedong Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection In office November, 1949 -- March, 1955 Preceded by Li Weihan Succeeded by Dong Biwu Commander - in - Chief of the People 's Liberation Army In office November 28, 1946 -- September 27, 1954 Preceded by post established Succeeded by post abolished Personal details ( 1886 - 12 - 01 ) 1 December 1886 Yilong County, Sichuan Province, Qing dynasty China 6 July 1976 ( 1976 - 07 - 06 ) ( aged 89 ) Beijing, China Political party Communist Party of China Spouse ( s ) Xiao Jufang ( m. 1912 ; death 1916 ) Chen Yuzhen ( m. 1916 ; death 1935 ) Wu Ruolan ( m. 1928 ; death 1929 ) Kang Keqing ( m. 1929 ) Children Zhu Qi Zhu Min Awards Order of Victory of Resistance against Aggression ( 1945 ) Order of August the First ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) Order of Independence and Freedom ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) Order of Liberation ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) More... Military service Allegiance Communist Party of China People 's Republic of China Service / branch People 's Liberation Army Eighth Route Army Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army National Revolutionary Army Yunnan clique Years of service 1927 -- 1976 Rank Marshal of the People 's Republic of China General of the National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China Battles / wars Northern Expedition, Chinese Civil War ( Encirclement Campaigns, Long March ), Second Sino - Japanese War ( Hundred Regiments Offensive ) This is a Chinese name ; the family name is Zhu ( 朱 ). Zhu De Chinese 朱德 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Dé Wade -- Giles Chu Teh IPA Mandarin pronunciation : ( tʂú tĕ ) Courtesy name : Yujie Chinese 朱玉 阶 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Yùjiē Wade -- Giles Chu Yu - chieh IPA Mandarin pronunciation : ( tʂú jû. tɕjé ) Zhu De ( Chu Teh ; Chinese : 朱德 ; pinyin : Zhū Dé ; pronounced ( ʈʂú tɤ̌ ) ; 1 December 1886 -- 6 July 1976 ) was a Chinese general, warlord, politician, revolutionary and one of the pioneers of the Communist Party of China. Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan, he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine ; this prosperity provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy. After his time at the academy, he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord. It was after this period that he adopted communism. He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation. By the time China was under Mao 's control, Zhu was a high - ranking official within the Communist Party of China. He served as Commander - in - Chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino - Japanese War. In 1955 he became one of the Ten Marshals of the People 's Liberation Army, of which he is regarded as the principal founder. Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976. As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress from 1975 - 76, Zhu was the head of state of the People 's Republic of China. Contents 1 Life 1.1 Early life 1.2 Nationalism and Warlordism 1.3 Converting to Communism 1.4 ' Zhu - Mao ' 1.5 Red Army leader 1.6 Later life 2 Personal life 2.1 Marriage 2.2 Children 3 Awards 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Citations 5.2 Sources 6 External links Life Early life Zhu was born on December 18, 1886, to a poor tenant farmer 's family in Hung, a town in Yilong County, a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan province. Of the 15 children born to the family only eight survived. His family relocated to Sichuan during the migration from Hunan province and Guangdong province. His origins are often given as Hakka, but Agnes Smedley 's biography of him says his people came from Guangdong and speaks of Hakka as merely associates of his. She also says that older generations of his family had spoken the `` Kwangtung dialect '' ( which would be close to but probably different from modern Cantonese ) and that his generation also spoke the `` Szechwan dialect '' Sichuanese, a distinct regional variant of Southwest Mandarin that is unintelligible to other speakers of Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ). In spite of the family 's poverty, by pooling resources Zhu was chosen to be sent to a regional private school in 1892. At age nine he was adopted by his prosperous uncle, whose political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy. Before the suspension of imperial examinations in 1906, he attained the rank of Xiucai, which allowed him to qualify as a civil servant. He enrolled in a Sichuan high school around 1907 and graduated in 1908. Subsequently, he returned to Yilong 's primary school as a gym instructor. An advocate of modern science and political teaching rather than the strict classical education afforded by schools, he was dismissed from his post and entered the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming. There he joined the Beiyang Army and the Tongmenghui secret political society ( the forerunner of the Kuomintang ). Nationalism and warlordism Zhu De on horseback. It was at the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming that he first met Cai E ( Tsai Ao ). He taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911. Siding with the revolutionary forces after the Chinese Revolution, he joined Brig. Cai E in the October 1911 expeditionary force that marched on Qing forces in Sichuan. He served as a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai in 1915 - 16. When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuan 's death in June 1916, Zhu was made a brigade commander. Following the death of his mentor Cai E ( November 1916 ) and of his first wife, Zhu developed a severe opium habit that afflicted him until 1922, when he underwent treatment in Shanghai. His troops continued to support him, and so he consolidated his forces to become a warlord. In 1920, after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibetan border, he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government. Around this time he decided to leave China for study in Europe. He first traveled to Shanghai, where he broke his opium habit and, according to historians of the Kuomintang, met Dr. Sun Yat - sen. He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922, but was rejected due to his being a warlord. Converting to communism Zhu De in 1916. In late 1922 Zhu went to Berlin, along with his partner He Zhihua. He resided in Germany until 1925, studying at one point at Göttingen University. Here he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests. Around this time he joined the Communist Party of China ; Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors ( having sponsors being a condition of probationary membership, the stage before actual membership ). In July 1925, after being expelled from Germany, he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs and Marxism at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East. While in Moscow He Zhihua gave birth to his only daughter, Zhu Min. Zhu returned to China in July 1926 to unsuccessfully persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the Northern Expedition. In 1927, following the collapse of the First United Front, Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bocheng 's Nanchang Uprising. Having helped orchestrate the uprising, Zhu and his army defected from the Kuomintang. The uprising failed to gather support, however, and Zhu was forced to flee Nanchang with his army. Under the false name of Wang Kai, Zhu managed to find shelter for his remaining forces by joining warlord Fan Shisheng. He was soon named head of a new First United Front military institute in Nanchang. ' Zhu - Mao ' Zhu ( second from right ) photographed with Mao, Zhou Enlai ( second from left ) and Bo Gu ( left ). Zhu 's close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when, under the assistance of Chen Yi and Lin Biao, Zhu defected from Fan Shisheng 's protection and marched his army of 10,000 men to Jiangxi and the Jinggang Mountains. Here Mao had formed a soviet in 1927, and Zhu began building up his army into the Red Army, consolidating and expanding the Soviet areas of control. Zhu 's leadership made him a figure of immense prestige ; locals even credited him with supernatural abilities. During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely connected that to the local peasant farmers they were known collectively as `` Zhu - Mao '' ( homophonic to 猪 毛, or pig 's pelage ). In 1929 Zhu and Mao were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin following Kuomintang military pressure. Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet, which would eventually grow to cover some 30,000 square kilometers ( 11,584 square miles ) and include some three million people. In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in Ruijin by the CPC leadership. He successfully led a conventional military force against the Kuomintang in the lead - up to the Fourth Counter Encirclement Campaign ; However, he was not able to do the same during the Fifth Counter Encirclement Campaign and the CPC fled. Zhu helped form the 1934 break - out that began the Long March. Red Army leader 1940 Zhu De in Yan'an. Chinese communist Red Army leader Zhu De. Zhu De with David D. Barrett of the Dixie Mission. During the Long March Zhu and Zhou Enlai organized certain battles in tandem. There were few positive effects since the real power was in the hands of Bo Gu and Otto Braun. In the Zunyi Conference, Zhu supported Mao Zedong 's criticisms of Bo and Braun. After the conference, Zhu cooperated with Mao and Zhou on military affairs. In July 1935 Zhu and Liu Bocheng were with the Fourth Red Army while Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with the First Red Army. When separation between the two divisions occurred, Zhu was forced by Zhang Guotao, the leader of Fourth Red Army, to go south. The Fourth Red Army barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province. Arriving in Yan'an, Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao. During the Second Sino - Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, he held the position of Commander - in - Chief of the Red Army and, in 1940, Zhu, alongside Peng Dehuai, devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive. Initially, Mao supported this offensive. While a successful campaign, Mao later attributed it as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy later and used it to criticize Peng at the Lushan Conference. Later life In 1949 Zhu was named Commander - in - Chief of the People 's Liberation Army ( PLA ) ; it is in this way posterity regards him as a principal founder of the PLA. He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party ( 1956 -- 1966 ) and Vice-Chairman of the People 's Republic of China ( 1954 -- 1959 ). Zhu oversaw the PLA during the Korean War within his authority as Commander - in - Chief. In 1955, he was conferred to the rank of marshal. At the Lushan Conference, he tried to protect Peng Dehuai, by giving some mild criticisms of Peng ; rather than denouncing him, he merely gently reproofed his targeted comrade, who was a target of Mao Zedong. Mao was n't satisfied with Zhu De 's behavior. After the conference, Zhu was dismissed from vice chairmen of Central Military Commission, not in least part due to his loyalty for the fallen Peng. In April 1969, during the summit of the Cultural Revolution, Zhu was dismissed from his position on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the activity of the National People 's Congress was halted. However, due to the support of Zhou Enlai, he was not harmed or imprisoned. In August 1969, Lin Biao issued a command that dispatched important martial figures to distant areas due to the tension between China and Soviet Union, and Zhu De was driven to Guangzhou. In 1973 Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee. He continued to be a prominent elder statesman until his death on 6 July 1976. His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai, and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong. Zhu was cremated three days later, and received a funeral days afterwards. During a `` Strike Hard '' anti-crime campaign in 1983, one of Zhu 's grandsons, Guohua, was sentenced to death due to a rape conviction in Tianjin. Personal life Marriage Zhu De was legally married four times, according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley, however there is no evidence of his marrying the mother of his only daughter. His known relationships were with : Xiao Jufang ( Chinese : 萧菊芳 or Hsiao Chu - fen ). Xiao was a fellow student of Zhu 's at Kunming Normal Institute ( Chinese : 昆明 师范 学院 ). The pair married in 1912. Xiao died of a fever in 1916 after giving birth to Zhu 's only son, Baozhu. Chen Yuzhen ( Chinese : 陈玉珍 ). After the death of Xiao Jufang, Zhu was advised to find a mother for his infant son. He was introduced to Chen by friends in the military. Chen had participated in revolutionary activities in 1911, as well as in 1916. Chen reportedly set the condition that she would not marry unless her future husband proposed to her in person, which Zhu did. The two married in 1916. Chen looked after the home, even building a study for Zhu and his scholarly friends to meet, which she furnished with pamphlets, books, and manifestos on the Russian October Revolution. In the spring of 1922, Zhu left his home to visit the Sichuanese warlord Yang Sen. According to Agnes Smedley 's biography, Zhu considered himself separated from Chen after leaving her and felt free to marry again, though there had been no formal divorce. Chen was killed by the Kuomintang in 1935. He Zhihua ( Chinese : 贺治华 ). He met Zhu in Shanghai and followed him to Germany in late 1922. When Zhu was deported from Germany in 1925, He was already pregnant and later gave birth in a village on the outskirts of Moscow. Zhu named the daughter Sixun ( Chinese : 四 旬 ), but relations between He and Zhu had diminished and she rejected his choice, naming the baby Feifei ( Chinese : 菲菲 ). He sent her daughter to live with her sister in Chengdu shortly after the birth. She then married Huo Jiaxin ( Chinese : 霍 家 新 ) in the same year. He returned to Shanghai in 1928. She reportedly betrayed wanted communists to the Kuomintang, before being blinded in a gun attack by Red Army soldiers that killed her husband. After this, she returned to Sichuan, dying of illness before 1949. Wu Ruolan ( Chinese : 伍若兰 or Wu Yu - lan ). Wu was the daughter of an Intellectual from Jiuyantang ( Chinese : 九 眼 塘 ) in Hunan. Zhu met Wu after attacking Leiyang with the Peasant 's and Workers Army. They married in 1928. In January 1929, Zhu and Wu were encircled by Kuomintang troops at a temple in the Jinggang Mountains. Zhu escaped, but Wu was captured. She was executed by decapitation and her head was allegedly sent to Changsha for display. Kang Keqing ( K'ang K'e - ching or Kang Keh - chin ). Zhu married Kang in 1929 when he was 43. She was a member of the Red Army and also a peasant leader. Kang was highly studious and Zhu taught her to read and write before they married. Kang outlived him. Children Zhu Baozhu ( Chinese : 朱保柱 ) was born in 1916 and later changed his name to Zhu Qi ( Chinese : 朱 琦 ). He died in 1974 from illness. Zhu Min ( Chinese : 朱敏 ) was born in Moscow in April 1926 to He Zhihua ( Chinese : 贺治华 ). Zhu De named her Sixun ( Chinese : 四 旬 ), but Zhihua rejected this and called her Feifei ( Chinese : 菲菲 ). Zhihua sent her daughter to her sister in Chengdu shortly after her birth, where she went by the name He Feifei ( Chinese : 贺飞飞 ). She pursued higher education in Moscow from 1949 - 1953 before teaching at Beijing Normal University. She died of illness in 2009. Awards Chinese Soviet Republic Red Star Medal ( 1st Class ) ( 1933 ) Republic of China Order of Victory of Resistance against Aggression ( 1945 ) People 's Republic of China Order of August the First ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) Order of Independence and Freedom ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) Order of Liberation ( 1st Class Medal ) ( 1955 ) See also China portal War portal Biography portal Eighth Route Army History of the People 's Republic of China ( 1949 -- 1976 ) List of generals of the People 's Republic of China References Citations Jump up ^ Snow, Edgar ( 1968 ). Red Star Over China. Grove Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8021 - 5093 - 6. Jump up ^ `` 朱德 的 祖籍 家世 ''. Jump up ^ `` 朱德 故乡 成为 客家 文化 发掘 焦点 ''. ^ Jump up to : `` 朱德 《 母亲 的 回忆 》 英 译 ''. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2014. Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 14 and 23. Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 14 Jump up ^ Mao. ^ Jump up to : `` Zhu De ''. chineseposters.net. Jump up ^ Shum Kui - kwong, Zhu - De ( Chu Teh ), University of Queensland Press ( St. Lucia : 1982 ), p. 2 - 3. Jump up ^ `` The Manchu Qing Dynasty ( 1644 - 1911 ), Internal Threats ''. Countries Quest. Retrieved 26 September 2011. Tongmenghui Jump up ^ Provincial Patriots. Jump up ^ `` V26N2 - Personality Profile : Zhu De ( Chu Teh ) ''. mindef.gov.sg. Jump up ^ Shum Kui - kwong, Zhu - De ( Chu Teh ), University of Queensland Press ( St. Lucia : 1982 ), p. 3 - 4. Jump up ^ Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History. Jump up ^ Zhu De and his Marriages Jump up ^ Shum Kui - kwong, Zhu - De ( Chu Teh ), University of Queensland Press ( St. Lucia : 1982 ), p. 4 - 5. ^ Jump up to : William W. Whitson, Huang Chen - hsia, The Chinese High Command : A History of Communist Military Politics, 1927 - 1971, Praeger Publishers : New York, 1973, p. 30f. Jump up ^ Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History. Jump up ^ 马玉佳. `` The legacy of overseas study for China 's early leaders : Zhu De ''. china.org.cn. ^ Jump up to : Wuyan xia guoke 屋檐 下 过客 ( 2 July 2014 ). `` Zhu De di si ren qizi He Zhihua de xiachang 朱德 第 四 任 妻子 贺治华 的 下场 ( The part of Zhu De 's fourth wife, He Zhihua ) ''. 360doc. Retrieved 22 January 2017. Jump up ^ Mao 's Road to Power : From the Jinggangshan to the establishment of the... Jump up ^ Daniel Morley. `` The Chinese Communist Party 1927 - 37 -- The development of Maoism -- Part Six ''. In Defence of Marxism. Jump up ^ Zhu De Early History Profile Jump up ^ Bianco, Lucien ( 1957 ). Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915 - 1949. Stanford Press. p. 64, note 10. Jump up ^ http://chineseposters.net/themes/zhude.php Zhu De Biography Jump up ^ `` Ruijin Revolutionary Memorial ''. chinaculture.org. Jump up ^ `` The Jiangxi Soviet ''. Chinese Revolution. Jump up ^ Mao 's Road to Power - Revolutionary Writings, 1912 - 1949. Jump up ^ Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History. Jump up ^ Mao. Jump up ^ `` The Long March 1934 to 1935 ''. historylearningsite.co.uk. Jump up ^ Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and the Evolution of the Chinese Communist Leadership. Jump up ^ New Fourth Army. Jump up ^ `` Chinese Revolution ''. Chinese Revolution. Jump up ^ Battle of Baizhangguan Pass Jump up ^ CCTV Eyewitnesses to history : Yan'an ^ Jump up to : `` Zhu De ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Jump up ^ Biographical Dictionary of the People 's Republic of China. google.com. Jump up ^ Mao Zedong as Poet and Revolutionary Leader. Jump up ^ Distant Water. Jump up ^ Zhu De Concurrent Positions Jump up ^ `` Zhu De ''. Answers.com. Jump up ^ `` Marshal of People 's Liberation Army : Zhu De ''. chinadaily.com.cn. Jump up ^ Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History. Jump up ^ `` 共产党 新闻 网 -- 资料 中心 -- 历次 党 代 会 ''. people.com.cn. Jump up ^ 陈 霞. `` The Tenth National Congress ( Aug. 1973 ) ''. china.org.cn. Jump up ^ `` Zhu De Death ''. chinadaily.com.cn. Jump up ^ `` Three Chinese Leaders : Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping - Asia for Educators - Columbia University ''. columbia.edu. Jump up ^ `` BBC ON THIS DAY - 9 - 1976 : Chairman Mao Zedong dies ''. bbc.co.uk. Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Cremation. Jump up ^ http://politics.ntu.edu.tw/RAEC/comm2/InterviewItaly%20Sauro%20Angelini%20English.pdf Sauro Angelini Interview Jump up ^ `` 朱德 儿 媳妇 : 我 儿子 被 判 死刑 ( 图 ) / 向 前进 ''. boxun.com. ^ Jump up to : Chen 陈, Erpiao 贰 飘 ( ed. ). `` Zhou Enlai ceng xialing chujue Zhu De yuanpei He Zhihua 周恩来 曾 下令 处决 朱德 原配 贺治华 ( Zhou Enlai once ordered the execution of Zhu De 's original match He Zhihua ) ''. Shuizhu Bainian 水 煮 百年. Retrieved 22 January 2017. ^ Jump up to : Chang 常, Xuemei 雪 梅, ed. ( 14 July 2006 ). `` Zhu De yu si wei nüxing de ganqing jingli 朱德 与 四 位 女性 的 感情 经历 ( The relationship experience of Zhu De with four women ) ''. Zhongguo Gongchandang Xinwen 中国 共产党 新闻. Retrieved 22 January 2017. Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 106 Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 122 and 314 Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 223 - 4 ^ Jump up to : Chang 常, Xuemei 雪 梅, ed. ( 14 July 2006 ). `` Zhu De yu si wei nüxing de ganqing jingli ( 2 ) 朱德 与 四 位 女性 的 感情 经历 ( 2 ) ( The relationship experience of Zhu De with four women, part 2 ) ''. Zhongguo GOngchandang Xinwen 中国 共产党 新闻. Retrieved 22 January 2017. Jump up ^ Smedley, The Great Road, p. 272 - 3 Jump up ^ wangjing ( 25 October 2015 ). `` Zhu De yuanshuai de jianjie Zhude yuanshi you ji ge haizi 朱德 元 师 的 简介 朱德 元 师 有 几 个 孩子 ( Brief introduction to Marshal Zhu De. How many children did Marshal Zhu De have ? ) ''. Lishi Quwen 历史 趣闻. Retrieved 22 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Late Chinese marshal Zhu De 's daughter dies at 83 ''. China Daily. 20 April 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2017. Sources English sources Agnes Smedley, The Great Road : The Life and Times of Chu Teh ( Monthly Review Press, New York and London 1956 ) Nym Wales ( Helen Foster Snow ), Inside Red China ( New York : Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1939 ) Edgar O'Ballance, The Red Army of China : A Short History ( New York : Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1963 ) William W. Whitson, The Chinese High Command : A History of Communist Military Politics, 1927 - 71 ( New York : Praeger Publishers, 1973 ) Chinese sources Liu Xuemin, Hong jun zhi fu : Zhu De zhuan ( Father of the Red Army : Biography of Zhu De ) ( Beijing : Jiefangjun Chubanshe, 2000 ) Zhonggong zhongyang wenxian yanjiu shibian, Zhu De Zhuan ( Biography of Zhu De ) ( Beijing : Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 2000 ) Liu Xuemin, Wang Fa'an, and Xiao Sike, Zhu De Yuanshi ( Marshal Zhu De ) ( Beijing : Jiefangjun wenshu chubanshe, 2006 ) Zhu De guju jinianguan, Renmin de guangrong Zhu De ( Glory of the People : Zhu De ) ( Chengdu : Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 2006 ). External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zhu De. People 's Daily Biography Political offices New title Vice President of the People 's Republic of China 1954 -- 1959 Succeeded by Dong Biwu and Soong Ching - ling Preceded by Liu Shaoqi Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress 1959 -- 1976 Succeeded by Soong Ching - ling Acting Preceded by Dong Biwu as Acting President of the People 's Republic of China Head of State of the People 's Republic of China ( as Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee ) 1975 -- 1976 Party political offices Preceded by Xiang Ying Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Republic 1931 -- 1936 Succeeded by Mao Zedong New title Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 1949 -- 1955 Succeeded by Dong Biwu Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China Served alongside : Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, Lin Biao 1956 -- 1966 Succeeded by Lin Biao Military offices New title Commander - in - Chief of the People 's Liberation Army 1949 -- 1954 Succeeded by Marshal Peng Dehuai as Minister of National Defense Ten Marshals of the People 's Republic of China Zhu De Peng Dehuai Lin Biao Liu Bocheng He Long Chen Yi Luo Ronghuan Xu Xiangqian Nie Rongzhen Ye Jianying Chinese Civil War Principal belligerents and campaigns Nationalist Party / Republic of China ( National Revolutionary Army → Republic of China Armed Forces ) Communist Party / People 's Republic of China ( Red Army → 8th Route Army, N4A, etc. → People 's Liberation Army ) Pre-1945 Post-1945 Current issues 1924 First United Front 1927 Shanghai massacre Nanchang uprising Autumn Harvest Uprising Guangzhou Uprising 1929 Sino - Soviet conflict 1930 -- 1934 Encirclement Campaigns 1931 -- 1934 Chinese Soviet Republic 1933 -- 1934 Fujian People 's Government 1934 -- 1936 Long March 1936 Xi'an Incident 1937 -- 1946 Second United Front 1945 -- 1949 Operation Beleaguer 1946 -- 1949 Revolution 1950 -- 1958 Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 1955 First Taiwan Strait Crisis 1958 Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1960 -- 1961 China -- Burma Border Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 2005 -- present Pan-Blue visits Political status of Taiwan Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Cross-Strait relations Heads of state of the People 's Republic of China Common Program ( 1949 -- 1954 ) CPG Chairman Mao Zedong 1954 Constitution ( 1954 -- 1975 ) Chairman Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi Song Qingling and Dong Biwu ( acting ) 1975 & 1978 Constitutions ( 1975 -- 1982 ) NPCSC Chairman Zhu De Song Qingling ( acting ) Ye Jianying 1982 Constitution ( 1982 -- present ) President Li Xiannian Yang Shangkun Jiang Zemin Hu Jintao Xi Jinping Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms - Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → ROC / PRC Vice President of the People 's Republic of China Common Program ( 1949 -- 1954 ) Co-serving Zhu De Liu Shaoqi Song Qingling Zhang Lan Li Jishen Gao Gang 1954 Constitution ( 1954 -- 1975 ) Zhu De Song Qingling Dong Biwu 1982 Constitution ( 1982 -- present ) Ulanhu Wang Zhen Rong Yiren Hu Jintao Zeng Qinghong Xi Jinping Li Yuanchao Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress Liu Shaoqi Zhu De Song Qingling ( acting ) Ye Jianying Peng Zhen Wan Li Qiao Shi Li Peng Wu Bangguo Zhang Dejiang Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China Secretaries Wang Hebo ( 1927 ) Liu Shaoqi ( 1928 -- 34 ) Li Weihan ( 1934 -- 49 ) Zhu De ( 1949 -- 55 ) Dong Biwu ( 1955 -- 68 ) Chen Yun ( 1978 -- 87 ) Qiao Shi ( 1987 -- 92 ) Wei Jianxing ( 1992 -- 2002 ) Wu Guanzheng ( 2002 -- 07 ) He Guoqiang ( 2007 -- 12 ) Wang Qishan ( 2012 -- 17 ) Zhao Leji ( 2017 -- ) Incumbent deputies Yang Xiaodu ( 2013 -- ) Liu Jinguo ( 2014 -- ) Li Shulei ( 2017 -- ) Zhang Shengmin ( 2017 -- ) Yang Xiaochao ( 2017 -- ) Xu Lingyi ( 2017 -- ) Xiao Pei ( 2017 -- ) Chen Xiaojiang ( 2017 -- ) Secretary General Huang Kecheng ( 1978 -- 82 ) Wang Heshou ( 1982 -- 87 ) Wang Deying ( 1987 -- 92 ) Wang Guang ( 1992 -- 97 ) Yuan Chunqing ( 1997 -- 2001 ) Wu Dingfu ( 2001 -- 02 ) Gan Yisheng ( 2002 -- 07 ) Zhang Yi ( 2007 ) Wu Yuliang ( 2007 -- 12 ) Cui Shaopeng ( 2012 -- 15 ) Yang Xiaochao ( 2015 -- ) SC sittings 7th ( 1949 -- 55 ) 7th ( 1955 -- 56 ) 8th ( 1956 -- 69 ) 11th ( 1978 -- 82 ) 12th ( 1982 -- 87 ) 13th ( 1987 -- 92 ) 14th ( 1992 -- 97 ) 15th ( 1997 -- 2002 ) 16th ( 2002 -- 07 ) 17th ( 2007 -- 12 ) 18th ( 2012 -- 17 ) 19th ( 2017 -- 22 ) CCDI sittings 7th ( 1949 -- 55 ) 7th ( 1955 -- 56 ) 8th ( 1956 -- 69 ) 11th ( 1978 -- 82 ) 12th ( 1982 -- 87 ) 13th ( 1987 -- 92 ) 14th ( 1992 -- 97 ) 15th ( 1997 -- 2002 ) 16th ( 2002 -- 07 ) 17th ( 2007 -- 12 ) 18th ( 2012 -- 17 ) 19th ( 2017 -- 22 ) See also Internal organization Institutions directly under the CCDI Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission Central Leading Group for Inspection Work VIAF : 222109395 LCCN : n81127474 ISNI : 0000 0003 6090 2885 GND : 118666177 SUDOC : 03075643X BNF : cb12210864f ( data ) NDL : 00623840 IATH : w6j39thw Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_De&oldid=809059453 '' Categories : Marshals of China Vice Presidents of the People 's Republic of China 1886 births 1976 deaths Zhu De family People from Nanchong Hakka generals Chinese military personnel of World War II Communist Party of China politicians from Sichuan Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress University of Göttingen alumni People of the Chinese Civil War Victims of the Cultural Revolution Sichuan University alumni People 's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan Moscow Sun Yat - sen University alumni Members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Secretaries of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Republic of China warlords from Sichuan Chinese police officers Chinese politicians of Hakka descent 20th - century Chinese politicians Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from July 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Good articles Pages using infobox officeholder with an atypical party value Articles containing Chinese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2016 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aymar aru Bân - lâm - gú Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Lietuvių မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Runa Simi Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 November 2017, at 22 : 03. 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Question: who was the leader of the people's republic of china answers.com
Answer: Zhu De