Population growth - wikipedia Population growth In biology or human geography, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population. Global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1 % per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.6 billion in 2017. It is expected to keep growing, and estimates have put the total population at 8.6 billion by mid-2030, 9.8 billion by mid-2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100. Many nations with rapid population growth have low standards of living, whereas many nations with low rates of population growth have high standards of living. Population Years passed Year Billion -- 1800 127 1927 33 1960 14 13 5 12 1999 6 12 2011 7 12 2023 * 8 14 2037 * 9 18 2055 * 10 33 2088 * 11 * World Population Prospects 2017 ( United Nations Population Division ) Contents 1 History 2 Population growth rate 2.1 Logistic equation 3 Human population growth rate 4 Growth by country 5 Growth by region 6 Into the future 7 See also 8 References 9 External links History Population began growing rapidly in the Western world early in the industrial revolution of the late 18th century. The reasons for the `` Modern Rise of Population '' were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown ( 1912 - 1988 ). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth : McKeown stated that the growth in Western population, particularly surging in the 19th century, was not so much caused by an increase in fertility, but largely by a decline of mortality particularly of childhood mortality followed by infant mortality, The decline of mortality could largely be attributed to rising standards of living, whereby McKeown put most emphasis on improved nutritional status, His most controversial idea, at least his most disputed idea, was that he questioned the effectiveness of public health measures, including sanitary reforms, vaccination and quarantine, The sometime fierce disputes that his publication provoked around the `` McKeown thesis '', have overshadowed his more important and largely unchallenged argument that curative medicine measures played little role in mortality decline, not only prior to the mid-20th century but also until well into the 20th century. Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his ideas. His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel ( 1993 ) and Angus Deaton ( 2015 ). The latter considered McKeown as ' the founder of social medicine '. Population growth rate The `` population growth rate '' is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for a sufficiently small time interval : P o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h r a t e = P ( t 2 ) − P ( t 1 ) P ( t 1 ) ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( displaystyle Population growth \rate = ( \frac ( P ( t_ ( 2 ) ) - P ( t_ ( 1 ) ) ) ( P ( t_ ( 1 ) ) ( t_ ( 2 ) - t_ ( 1 ) ) ) ) ) A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period -- a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the two times. A related measure is the net reproduction rate. In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one ( sub-replacement fertility ) indicates that the population of females is decreasing. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model. Once the population has reached its carrying capacity, it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources. The logistic growth of a population. Logistic equation d P d t = k P ( 1 − P K ) ( displaystyle ( \frac ( dP ) ( dt ) ) = kP ( 1 - ( \frac ( P ) ( K ) ) ) ) Where, P ( t ) ( displaystyle P ( t ) ) = the population after time t t ( displaystyle t ) = time a population grows k ( displaystyle k ) = relative growth rate coefficient K ( displaystyle K ) = carrying capacity of the population ; defined by ecologists as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain. This separable differential equation may be solved explicitly. P ( t ) = K 1 + A e − k t ( displaystyle P ( t ) = ( \frac ( K ) ( 1 + Ae ^ ( - kt ) ) ) ) ; where A = K − P 0 P 0 ( displaystyle A = ( \frac ( K - P_ ( 0 ) ) ( P_ ( 0 ) ) ) ) and P 0 = ( displaystyle P_ ( 0 ) = ) the initial population at time 0. This analytic solution is useful in analyzing the behavior of population models. Human population growth rate Main article : Total fertility rate A world map showing global variations in fertility rate per woman according to the CIA World Factbook 's 2016 data 7 -- 8 children 6 -- 7 children 5 -- 6 children 4 -- 5 children 3 -- 4 children 2 -- 3 children 1 -- 2 children 0 -- 1 children Estimates of population evolution in different continents between 1950 and 2050 according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is logarithmic and is in millions of people. World population growth rates between 1950 -- 2050 In 2017, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1 %. The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86 %, 0.78 %, and 1.08 % respectively. The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances, lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution. The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2 % in poverty - stricken countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. In some countries the population is declining, especially in Eastern Europe, mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS - related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline. Japan 's population began decreasing in 2005 ; it now has the highest standard of living in the world. The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century, but Sanjeev Sanyal has argued that global fertility will fall below the replacement rate in the 2020s and that world population will peak below 9 billion by 2050, followed by a long decline. A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70 % chance of continued growth into the 22nd century. Growth by country According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30 %, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010. In number of people the increase was highest in India ( 350 million ) and China ( 196 million ). Population growth was among highest in the United Arab Emirates ( 315 % ) and Qatar ( 271 % ). Growth rates of the world 's most populous countries Rank Country Population Population Growth ( % ) 1990 -- 2010 World 6,895,889,000 5,306,425,000 30.0 % China 1,341,335,000 1,145,195,000 17.1 % India 1,224,614,000 873,785,000 40.2 % United States 310,384,000 253,339,000 22.5 % Indonesia 239,871,000 184,346,000 30.1 % 5 Brazil 194,946,000 149,650,000 30.3 % 6 Pakistan 173,593,000 111,845,000 55.3 % 7 Nigeria 158,423,000 97,552,000 62.4 % 8 Bangladesh 148,692,000 105,256,000 41.3 % 9 Russia 142,958,000 148,244,000 - 3.6 % 10 Japan 128,057,000 122,251,000 - 4.7 % Example nation 1967 population 1990 population 1994 population 2002 population 2008 population Life expectancy in years ( 2008 ) Total population growth from 1960s to 2007 - 2011 Eritrea * N / A * N / A * 3,437,000 4,298,269 5,673,520 61 2,236,520 Ethiopia * 23,457,000 * 50,974,000 * 54,939,000 67,673,031 ( 2003 ) 79,221,000 55 55,764,000 Sudan † 14,355,000 † 25,204,000 † 27,361,000 † 38,114,160 ( 2003 ) † 42,272,000 † 50 † 27,917,000 Chad 3,410,000 5,679,000 6,183,000 9,253,493 ( 2003 ) 10,329,208 ( 2009 ) 47 6,919,205 Niger 3,546,000 7,732,000 8,846,000 10,790,352 ( 2001 ) 15,306,252 ( 2009 ) 44 11,760,252 Nigeria 61,450,000 88,500,000 108,467,000 129,934,911 158,259,000 47 96,809,000 Mali 4,745,000 8,156,000 10,462,000 11,340,480 14,517,176 ( 2010 ) 50 9,772,176 Mauritania 1,050,000 2,025,000 2,211,000 2,667,859 ( 2003 ) 3,291,000 ( 2009 ) 54 2,241,000 Senegal 3,607,000 7,327,000 8,102,000 9,967,215 13,711,597 ( 2009 ) 57 10,104,597 Gambia 343,000 861,000 1,081,000 1,367,124 ( 2000 ) 1,705,000 55 1,362,000 Algeria 11,833,126 ( 1966 ) 25,012,000 27,325,000 32,818,500 ( 2003 ) 34,895,000 74 23,061,874 The DRC / Zaire 16,353,000 35,562,000 42,552,000 55,225,478 ( 2003 ) 70,916,439 54 54,563,439 Egypt 30,083,419 ( 1966 ) 53,153,000 58,326,000 70,712,345 ( 2003 ) 79,089,650 72 49,006,231 Réunion ( overseas region of France ) 418,000 N / A N / A 720,934 ( 2003 ) 827,000 ( 2009 ) N / A 409,000 The Falkland Islands ( British Overseas Territory ) 2,500 N / A N / A 2,967 ( 2003 ) 3,140 ( 2010 ) N / A 640 Chile 8,935,500 13,173,000 13,994,000 15,116,435 17,224,200 ( 2011 ) 77 8,288,700 Colombia 19,191,000 32,987,000 34,520,000 41,088,227 45,925,397 ( 2010 ) 73 26,734,397 Brazil 85,655,000 150,368,000 153,725,000 174,468,575 ( 2000 ) 190,732,694 ( 2010 ) 72 105,077,694 Mexico 45,671,000 86,154,000 93,008,000 103,400,165 ( 2000 ) 112,322,757 ( 2010 ) 76 66,651,757 Fiji 476,727 ( 1966 ) 765,000 771,000 844,330 ( 2001 ) 849,000 ( 2010 ) 70 372,273 Nauru 6,050 ( 1966 ) 10,000 N / A 12,329 9,322 ( 2011 ) N / A 3,272 Jamaica 1,876,000 2,420,000 2,429,000 2,695,867 ( 2003 ) 2,847,232 ( 2010 ) 74 971,232 Australia 11,540,764 ( 1964 ) 17,086,000 17,843,000 19,546,792 ( 2003 ) 24,818,934 ( 2010 ) 82 10,066,508 Albania 1,965,500 ( 1964 ) 3,250,000 3,414,000 3,510,484 2,986,952 ( July 2010 est. ) 78 1,021,452 Poland 31,944,000 38,180,000 38,554,000 38,626,349 ( 2001 ) 38,192,000 ( 2010 ) 75 6,248,000 Hungary 10,212,000 10,553,000 10,261,000 10,106,017 9,979,000 ( 2010 ) 73 - 142,000 Bulgaria 8,226,564 ( 1965 ) 8,980,000 8,443,000 7,707,495 ( 2000 ) 7,351,234 ( 2011 ) 73 - 875,330 United Kingdom 55,068,000 ( 1966 ) 57,411,000 58,091,000 58,789,194 62,008,048 ( 2010 ) 79 7,020,048 Ireland 2,884,002 ( 1966 ) 3,503,000 3,571,000 3,840,838 ( 2000 ) 4,470,700 ( 2010 ) 78 1,586,698 People 's Republic of China 720,000,000 1,139,060,000 1,208,841,000 1,286,975,468 ( 2004 ) 1,339,724,852 ( 2010 ) 73 619,724,852 Japan ‡ 98,274,961 ( 1965 ) 123,537,000 124,961,000 127,333,002 127,420,000 ( 2010 ) 82 28,123,865 Ryukyu Islands ( Once occupied by the United States ) ‡ 934,176 ( 1965 ) N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A India # 511,115,000 843,931,000 918,570,000 1,028,610,328 ( 2001 ) 1,210,193,422 ( 2011 ) 69 699,078,422 Singapore 1,956,000 ( 1967 ) 3,003,000 ( 1990 ) 2,930,000 ( 1994 ) 4,452,732 ( 2002 ) 5,076,700 ( 2010 ) 82 ( 2008 ) 3,120,700 Sikkim # 183,000 ( 1967 ) N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A Monaco 24,000 ( 1967 ) 29,000 ( 1990 ) N / A ( 1994 ) 31,842 ( 2000 ) 35,586 ( 2010 ) ( 2008 ) 1,586 Greece 8,716,000 ( 1967 ) 10,123,000 ( 1990 ) 10,426,000 ( 1994 ) 10,964,020 ( 2001 ) 11,305,118 ( 2011 ) N / A ( 2008 ) 2,589,118 Faroe Islands ( Danish dependency ) 38,000 ( 1967 ) N / A ( 1990 ) N / A ( 1994 ) 46,345 ( 2000 ) 48,917 ( 2010 ) N / A ( 2008 ) 18,917 Liechtenstein 20,000 ( 1967 ) 29,000 ( 1990 ) N / A ( 1994 ) 33,307 ( 2000 ) 35,789 ( 2009 ) ( 2008 ) 15,789 South Korea 29,207,856 ( 1966 ) 42,793,000 ( 1990 ) 44,453,000 ( 1994 ) 48,324,000 ( 2003 ) 48,875,000 ( 2010 ) ( 2008 ) 19,667,144 North Korea 12,700,000 ( 1967 ) 21,773,000 ( 1990 ) 23,483,000 ( 1994 ) 22,224,195 ( 2002 ) 24,051,218 ( 2010 ) ( 2008 ) 11,351,218 Brunei 107,200 ( 1967 ) 266,000 ( 1990 ) 280,000 ( 1994 ) 332,844 ( 2001 ) 401,890 ( 2011 ) 76 ( 2008 ) 306,609 Malaysia 10,671,000 ( 1967 ) 17,861,000 ( 1990 ) 19,489,000 ( 1994 ) 21,793,293 ( 2002 ) 27,565,821 ( 2010 ) ( 2008 ) 16,894,821 Thailand 32,680,000 ( 1967 ) 57,196,000 ( 1990 ) 59,396,000 ( 1994 ) 60,606,947 ( 2000 ) 63,878,267 ( 2011 ) ( 2008 ) 31,198,267 Lebanon 2,520,000 ( 1967 ) 2,701,000 ( 1990 ) 2,915,000 ( 1994 ) 3,727,703 ( 2003 ) 4,224,000 ( 2009 ) - ( 2008 ) Syria 5,600,000 ( 1967 ) 12,116,000 ( 1990 ) 13,844,000 ( 1994 ) 17,585,540 ( 2003 ) 22,457,763 ( 2011 ) - ( 2008 ) Bahrain 182, 00 ( 1967 ) 503,000 ( 1990 ) 549,000 ( 1994 ) 667,238 ( 2003 ) 1,234,596 ( 2010 ) 75 ( 2008 ) Sri Lanka 11,741,000 ( 1967 ) 16,993,000 ( 1990 ) 17,685,000 ( 1994 ) 19,607,519 ( 2002 ) 20,238,000 ( 2009 ) - ( 2008 ) Switzerland 6,050,000 ( 1967 ) 6.712, 000 ( 1990 ) 6,994,000 ( 1994 ) 7,261,200 ( 2002 ) 7,866,500 ( 2010 ) - ( 2008 ) Luxembourg 335,000 ( 1967 ) 381,000 ( 1990 ) 401,000 ( 1994 ) 439,539 ( 2001 ) 511,840 ( 2011 ) - ( 2008 ) Romania 19,105,056 ( 1966 ) 23,200,000 ( 1990 ) 22,736,000 ( 1994 ) 21,680,974 ( 2002 ) 21,466,174 ( 2011 ) - ( 2008 ) Niuē ( associated state of New Zealand ) 1,900 ( 1966 ) N / A ( 1990 ) N / A ( 1994 ) 2,134 ( 2002 ) 1,398 ( 2009 ) N / A ( 2008 ) - 502 Tokelau ( New Zealand territory ) 5,194 ( 1966 ) N / A ( 1990 ) N / A ( 1994 ) 1,445 ( 2001 ) 1,416 ( 2009 ) N / A ( 2008 ) - 3,778 Jamaica 1,876,000 ( 1967 ) 2,420,000 ( 1990 ) 2,429,000 ( 1994 ) 2,695,867 ( 2003 ) 2,847,232 ( 2010 ) 74 ( 2008 ) 971,232 Argentina 32,031,000 ( 1967 ) 32,322,000 ( 1990 ) 34,180,000 ( 1994 ) 37,812,817 ( 2002 ) 40,091,359 ( 2010 ) 74 ( 2008 ) 8,060,359 France 49,890,660 ( 1967 ) 56,440,000 ( 1990 ) 57,747,000 ( 1994 ) 59,551,000 ( 2001 ) 63,136,180 ( 2011 ) 81 ( 2008 ) Italy 52,334,000 ( 1967 ) 57,662,000 ( 1990 ) 57,193,000 ( 1994 ) 56,995,744 ( 2002 ) 60,605,053 ( 2011 ) 80 ( 2008 ) Mauritius 774,000 ( 1967 ) 1,075,000 ( 1990 ) 1,104,000 ( 1994 ) 1,179,137 ( 2000 ) 1,288,000 ( 2009 ) 75 ( 2008 ) 514,000 Guatemala 4,717,000 ( 1967 ) 9,197,000 ( 1990 ) 10,322,000 ( 1994 ) 12,974,361 ( 2000 ) 13,276,517 ( 2009 ) 70 ( 2008 ) 8,559,517 Cuba 8,033,000 ( 1967 ) 10,609,000 ( 1990 ) 10,960,000 ( 1994 ) 11,177,743 ( 2002 ) 11,239,363 ( 2009 ) 77 ( 2008 ) Barbados 246,000 ( 1967 ) 255,000 ( 1990 ) 261,000 ( 1994 ) 250,012 ( 2001 ) 284,589 ( 2010 ) 73 ( 2008 ) 18,589 Samoa 131,377 ( 1967 ) 164,000 ( 1990 ) 164,000 ( 1994 ) 178,173 ( 2003 ) 179,000 ( 2009 ) N / A ( 2008 ) Sweden 7,765,981 ( 1967 ) 8,559,000 ( 1990 ) 8,794,000 ( 1994 ) 8,920,705 ( 2002 ) 9,354,462 ( 2009 ) 81 ( 2008 ) Finland 4,664,000 ( 1967 ) 4,986,000 ( 1990 ) 5,095,000 ( 1994 ) 5,175,783 ( 2002 ) 5,374,781 ( 2010 ) N / A ( 2008 ) Portugal 9,440,000 ( 1967 ) 10,525,000 ( 1990 ) 9,830,000 ( 1994 ) 10,355,824 ( 2001 ) 10,647,763 ( 2011 ) N / A ( 2008 ) Austria 7,323,981 ( 1967 ) 7,712,000 ( 1990 ) 8,031,000 ( 1994 ) 8,032,926 ( 2001 ) 8,404,252 ( 2011 ) N / A ( 2008 ) Libya 1,738,000 ( 1967 ) 4,545,000 ( 1990 ) 5,225,000 ( 1994 ) 5,499,074 ( 2002 ) 6,420,000 ( 2009 ) 77 ( 2008 ) Peru 12,385,000 ( 1967 ) 21,550,000 ( 1990 ) 23,080,000 ( 1994 ) 27,949,639 ( 2002 ) 29,496,000 ( 2010 ) 70 ( 2008 ) Guinea Bissau 528,000 ( 1967 ) 965,000 ( 1990 ) 1,050,000 ( 1994 ) 1,345,479 ( 2002 ) 1,647,000 ( 2009 ) 48 ( 2008 ) Angola 5,203,066 ( 1967 ) 10,020,000 ( 1990 ) 10,674,000 ( 1994 ) 10,766,500 ( 2003 ) 18,498,000 ( 2009 ) 38 ( 2008 ) Equatorial Guinea 277,000 ( 1967 ) 348,000 ( 1990 ) 389,000 ( 1994 ) 474,214 ( 2000 ) 676,000 ( 2009 ) 61 ( 2008 ) Benin 2,505,000 ( 1967 ) 4,736,000 ( 1990 ) 5,246,000 ( 1994 ) 8,500,500 ( 2002 ) 8,791,832 ( 2009 ) 59 ( 2008 ) Laos 2,770,000 ( 1967 ) 4,139,000 ( 1990 ) 4,742,000 ( 1994 ) 5,635,967 ( 2002 ) 6,800,000 ( 2011 ) 56 ( 2008 ) Nepal 10,500,000 ( 1967 ) 18,961,000 ( 1990 ) 21,360,000 ( 1994 ) 25,284,463 ( 2002 ) 29,331,000 ( 2009 ) - ( 2008 ) Iran 25,781,090 ( 1966 ) 54,608,000 ( 1990 ) 59,778,000 ( 1994 ) 66,622,704 ( 2002 ) 75,330,000 ( 2010 ) 71 ( 2008 ) Canada 20,014,880 ( 1966 ) 26,603,000 ( 1990 ) 29,248,000 ( 1994 ) 31,081,900 ( 2001 ) 32,623,490 ( 2011 ) 81 ( 2008 ) United States 199,118,000 ( 1967 ) 249,995,000 ( 1990 ) 260,650, 00 ( 1994 ) 281,421,906 ( 2000 ) 308,745,538 ( 2010 ) 78 ( 2008 ) Uganda 7,931,000 ( 1967 ) 18,795,000 ( 1990 ) 20,621,000 ( 1994 ) 24,227,297 ( 2002 ) 32,369,558 ( 2009 ) 52 ( 2008 ) Notes * Eritrea left Ethiopia in 1991. † Split into the nations of Sudan and South Sudan during 2011. ‡ Japan and the Ryukyu Islands merged in 1972. # India and Sikkim merged in 1975. Population growth 1990 -- 2012 ( % ) Africa 73.3 % Middle East 68.2 % Asia ( excl. China ) 42.8 % China 19.0 % OECD Americas 27.9 % Non-OECD Americas 36.6 % OECD Europe 11.5 % OECD Asia Oceania 11.1 % Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia - 0.8 % Thousands of scooters make their way through the city of Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam. Growth by region Population growth rates vary by world region, with the highest growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and the lowest in Europe. For example, from 1950 to 2010, Sub-Saharan African grew over three and a half times, from about 186 million to 856 million. On the other hand, Europe only increased by 35 %, from 547 million in 1950 to 738 million in 2010. As a result of these varying population growths, Sub-Saharan Africa changed from 7.4 % of world population in 1950 to 12.4 % in 2010, while Europe declined from 22 % to 11 % in the same time period. Into the future Main article : Projections of population growth Estimated size of human population from 10,000 BCE to 2000 CE. The majority of world population growth today is occurring in less developed countries. According to the UN 's 2017 revision to its population projections, world population is projected to reach 11.2 billion by 2100 compared to 7.6 billion in 2017. In 2011, Indian economist Sanjeev Sanyal disputed the UN 's figures and argued that birth rates will fall below replacement rates in the 2020s. According to his projections, population growth will be only sustained till the 2040s by rising longevity, but will peak below 9 bn by 2050. Conversely, a 2014 paper by demographers from several universities and the United Nations Population Division projected that the world 's population would reach about 10.9 billion in 2100 and continue growing thereafter. One of its authors, Adrian Raftery, a University of Washington professor of statistics and of sociology, says `` The consensus over the past 20 years or so was that world population, which is currently around 7 billion, would go up to 9 billion and level off or probably decline. We found there 's a 70 percent probability the world population will not stabilize this century. Population, which had sort of fallen off the world 's agenda, remains a very important issue. '' See also An Essay on the Principle of Population Anthropocene Baby boom Biological exponential growth Demographic history Demographic transition Density dependence Doubling time Fertility factor ( demography ) Human overpopulation Irruptive growth List of countries by population growth rate Natalism and Antinatalism Population bottleneck Population decline Population dynamics World population World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity References Jump up ^ `` World Population Prospects 2017 ''. Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 21. 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Moscow : Russian State Social University, 2004. Rosling, Hans ( 25 January 2009 ). `` What stops population growth ? ''. Gapminder. Retrieved 2009 - 07 - 06. 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Question: when did the world's population increased the fastest
Answer: 1989