History of Idaho - wikipedia History of Idaho The history of Idaho is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Idaho, one of the United States of America located in the Pacific Northwest area near the west coast of the United States and Canada. Other associated areas include southern Alaska, all of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, western Montana and northern California and Nevada. Contents 1 Indigenous inhabitants 2 European exploration 3 Settlement 3.1 Mormon settlers 3.2 English 3.3 German 3.4 Irish 3.5 African 3.6 Basque 3.7 Chinese settlement 4 Idaho Territory 5 Statehood 5.1 Miners ' uprisings 5.2 Mining in Idaho 5.2. 1 Mining Regions 6 Progressive policies 7 1950s to present 7.1 Nuclear fallout from Nevada test site 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External links Indigenous inhabitants Humans may have been present in Idaho for 14,500 years. Excavations in 1959 at Wilson Butte Cave near Twin Falls revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. American Indian tribes predominant in the area in historic times included the Nez Perce and the Coeur d'Alene in the north ; and the Northern and Western Shoshone and Bannock peoples in the south. European exploration Cataldo Mission U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. National Historic Landmark HABS, view from northwest, in 1957. Location Cataldo, Idaho Built 1848 Architect Antonio Ravalli Architectural style Greek Revival, Colonial, Other NRHP reference # 66000312 Significant dates Added to NRHP October 15, 1966 Designated NHL July 4, 1961 Idaho was one of the last areas in the lower 48 states of the US to be explored by people of European descent. The Lewis and Clark expedition entered present - day Idaho on August 12, 1805, at Lemhi Pass. It is believed that the first `` European descent '' expedition to enter southern Idaho was by a group led in 1811 and 1812 by Wilson Price Hunt, which navigated the Snake River while attempting to blaze an all - water trail westward from St. Louis, Missouri, to Astoria, Oregon. At that time, approximately 8,000 Native Americans lived in the region. Fur trading led to the first significant incursion of Europeans in the region. Andrew Henry of the Missouri Fur Company first entered the Snake River plateau in 1810. He built Fort Henry on Henry 's Fork on the upper Snake River, near modern St. Anthony, Idaho. However, this first American fur post west of the Rocky Mountains was abandoned the following spring. The British - owned Hudson 's Bay Company next entered Idaho and controlled the trade in the Snake River area by the 1820s. The North West Company 's interior department of the Columbia was created in June 1816, and Donald Mackenzie was assigned as its head. Mackenzie had previously been employed by Hudson 's Bay and had been a partner in the Pacific Fur Company, financed principally by John Jacob Astor. During these early years, he traveled west with a Pacific Fur Company 's party and was involved in the initial exploration of the Salmon River and Clearwater River. The company proceeded down the lower Snake River and Columbia River by canoe, and were the first of the Overland Astorians to reach Fort Astoria, on January 18, 1812. Under Mackenzie, the North West Company was a dominant force in the fur trade in the Snake River country. Out of Fort George in Astoria, Mackenzie led fur brigades up the Snake River in 1816 - 1817 and up the lower Snake in 1817 - 1818. Fort Nez Perce, established in July, 1818, became the staging point for Mackenzies ' Snake brigades. The expedition of 1818 - 1819 explored the Blue Mountains, and traveled down the Snake River to the Bear River and approached the headwaters of the Snake. Mackenzie sought to establish a navigable route up the Snake River from Fort Nez Perce to the Boise area in 1819. While he did succeed in traveling by boat from the Columbia River through the Grand Canyon of the Snake past Hells Canyon, he concluded that water transport was generally impractical. Mackenzie held the first rendezvous in the region on the Boise River in 1819. Despite their best efforts, early American fur companies in this region had difficulty maintaining the long - distance supply lines from the Missouri River system into the Intermountain West. However, Americans William H. Ashley and Jedediah Smith expanded the Saint Louis fur trade into Idaho in 1824. The 1832 trapper 's rendezvous at Pierre 's Hole, held at the foot of the Three Tetons in modern Teton County, was followed by an intense battle between the Gros Ventre and a large party of American trappers aided by their Nez Perce and Flathead allies. The prospect of missionary work among the Native Americans also attracted early settlers to the region. In 1809, Kullyspell House, the first white - owned establishment and first trading post in Idaho, was constructed. In 1836, the Reverend Henry H. Spalding established a Protestant mission near Lapwai, where he printed the Northwest 's first book, established Idaho 's first school, developed its first irrigation system, and grew the state 's first potatoes. Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Hart Spalding were the first non-native women to enter present - day Idaho. Cataldo Mission, the oldest standing building in Idaho, was constructed at Cataldo by the Coeur d'Alene and Catholic missionaries. In 1842, Father Pierre - Jean De Smet, with Fr. Nicholas Point and Br. Charles Duet, selected a mission location along the St. Joe River. The mission was moved a short distance away in 1846, as the original location was subject to flooding. In 1850, Antonio Ravalli designed a new mission building and Indians affiliated with the church effort built the mission, without nails, using the wattle and daub method. In time, the Cataldo mission became an important stop for traders, settlers, and miners. In addition to acting as a place for rest from the trail, the mission offered needed supplies and was a working port for boats heading up the Coeur d'Alene River. During this time, the region which became Idaho was part of an unorganized territory known as Oregon Country, claimed by both the United States and Great Britain. The United States gained undisputed jurisdiction over the region in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, although the area was under the de facto jurisdiction of the Provisional Government of Oregon from 1843 to 1849. The original boundaries of Oregon Territory in 1848 included all three of the present - day Pacific Northwest states and extended eastward to the Continental Divide. In 1853, areas north of the 46th Parallel became Washington Territory, splitting what is now Idaho in two. The future state was reunited in 1859 after Oregon became a state and the boundaries of Washington Territory were redrawn. While thousands passed through Idaho on the Oregon Trail or during the California gold rush of 1849, few people settled there. In 1860, the first of several gold rushes in Idaho began at Pierce in present - day Clearwater County. By 1862, settlements in both the north and south had formed around the mining boom. Settlement Mormon settlers Mormon missionaries founded Fort Lemhi in 1855, but the settlement did not last. The first organized town in Idaho was Franklin, settled in April 1860 by Mormon pioneers who believed they were in Utah Territory ; although a later survey determined they had in fact crossed the border. Mormon pioneers would go on to establish the majority of historic and modern communities in Southeastern Idaho, with Mormon settlers reaching areas near the current - day Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. Settlements include Ammon, Blackfoot, Chubbuck, Firth, Idaho Falls, Iona, Pocatello, Rexburg, Rigby, Shelley, and Ucon See Mormon Corridor. English Large numbers of English immigrants settled in what is now the state of Idaho in the late 19th and early 20th century, many before statehood. The English found they had more property rights and paid less taxes than they did back in England. They were considered some of the most desirable immigrants at the time. Many came from humble beginnings and would rise to prominence in Idaho such as Frank R. Gooding who was originally from a rural working - class background in England but was eventually elected as the seventh governor of the state. Today people of English descent make up one fifth of the entire state of Idaho and form a plurality in the southern portion of the state. German Many German farmers settled in what is now Idaho at the same time. German settlers were primarily Lutheran across all of the midwest and west, including Idaho, however there were small amounts of Catholics amongst them as well. In parts of Northern Idaho, German remained the dominant language until World War I, when German - Americans were pressured to convert entirely to English. Today, Idahoans of German ancestry make up nearly one fifth of all Idahoans and make up the second largest ethnic group after Idahoans of English descent with people of German ancestry being 18.1 % of the state and people of English ancestry being 20.1 % of the state. Irish A significant number of people from Ireland immigrated to North America after the Potato Famine, and some migrated west searching for land for agriculture. Many ended up in Montana and southern Idaho. Because the Catholic Church already had a presence in the northern and eastern portions of the state, many Irish Catholics settled in Boise as well as in Butte, Montana. Today, 10 % of Idahoans self - identify as being of Irish ancestry. African York, a slave owned by William Clark but considered a full member of Corps of Discovery during expedition to the Pacific, was the first recorded African American in Idaho. There is a significant African American population made up of those who came west after the abolition of slavery. Many settled near Pocatello and were ranchers, entertainers, and farmers. Although free, many blacks suffered discrimination in the early - to - mid-late 20th century. The black population of the state continues to grow as many come to the state because of educational opportunities, to serve in the military, and for other employment opportunities. There is a Black History Museum in Boise, Idaho, with an exhibit known as the `` Invisible Idahoan '', which chronicles the first African - Americans in the state. Blacks are the fourth largest ethnic group in Idaho according to the 2000 census. Mountain Home, Boise, and Garden City have significant African - American populations. However, many major cities, such as Boise, have a small population of African Americans. Basque The Basque people from the Iberian peninsula in Spain and southern France were traditionally shepherds in Europe. They came to Idaho, offering hard work and perseverance in exchange for opportunity. One of the largest Basque communities in the US is in Boise, with a Basque museum and festival held annually in the city. Chinese settlement Chinese in the mid-19th century came to America through San Francisco to work on the railroad and open businesses. They suffered discrimination due to the Anti-Chinese League in the 19th century which sought to limit the rights and opportunities of Chinese emigrants. Today Asians are third in population demographically after Whites and Hispanics. Idaho Territory Main article : Idaho Territory Seal of Idaho Territory 1863 - 1866 Seal of Idaho Territory 1866 - 1890 On March 4, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed an act creating Idaho Territory from portions of Washington Territory and Dakota Territory with its capital at Lewiston. The original Idaho Territory included most of the areas that later became the states of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming, and had a population of under 17,000. Idaho Territory assumed the boundaries of the modern state in 1868 and was admitted as a state in 1890. Statehood When President Benjamin Harrison signed the law admitting Idaho as a U.S. state on July 3, 1890, the population was 88,548. George L. Shoup became the state 's first governor, but resigned after only a few weeks in office to take a seat in the United States Senate. Miners ' uprisings During its first years of statehood, Idaho was plagued by labor unrest in the mining district of Coeur d'Alene. In 1892, miners called a strike which developed into a shooting war between union miners and company guards. Each side accused the other of starting the fight. The first shots were exchanged at the Frisco mine in Frisco, in the Burke - Canyon north and east of Wallace. The Frisco mine was blown up, and company guards were taken prisoner. The violence soon spilled over into the nearby community of Gem, where union miners attempted to locate a Pinkerton spy who had infiltrated their union and was passing information to the mine operators. But agent Charlie Siringo escaped by cutting a hole in the floor of his room. Strikers forced the Gem mine to close, then traveled west to the Bunker Hill mining complex near Wardner, and closed down that facility as well. Several had been killed in the Burke - Canyon fighting. The Idaho National Guard and federal troops were dispatched to the area, and union miners and sympathizers were thrown into bullpens. Hostilities would again erupt at the Bunker Hill facility in 1899, when seventeen union miners were fired for having joined the union. Other union miners were likewise ordered to draw their pay and leave. Angry members of the union converged on the area and blew up the Bunker Hill Mill, killing two company men. In both disputes, the union 's complaints included pay, hours of work, the right of miners to belong to the union, and the mine owners ' use of informants and undercover agents. The violence committed by union miners was answered with a brutal response in 1892 and in 1899. Through the Western Federation of Miners ( WFM ) union, the battles in the mining district became closely tied to a major miners ' strike in Colorado. The struggle culminated in the December 1905 assassination of former Governor Frank Steunenberg by Harry Orchard ( also known as Albert Horsley ), a member of the WFM. Orchard was allegedly incensed by Steunenberg 's efforts as governor to put down the 1899 miner uprising after being elected on a pro-labor platform. Pinkerton detective James McParland conducted the investigation into the assassination. In 1907, WFM Secretary Treasurer `` Big Bill '' Haywood and two other WFM leaders were tried on a charge of conspiracy to murder Steunenberg, with Orchard testifying against them as part of a deal made with McParland. The nationally publicized trial featured Senator William E. Borah as prosecuting attorney and Clarence Darrow representing the defendants. The defense team presented evidence that Orchard had been a Pinkerton agent and had acted as a paid informant for the Cripple Creek Mine Owners ' Association. Darrow argued that Orchard 's real motive in the assassination had been revenge for a declaration of martial law by Steunenberg, which prompted Orchard to gamble away a share in the Hercules silver mine that would otherwise have made him wealthy. Two of the WFM leaders were acquitted in two separate trials, and the third was released. Orchard was convicted and sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted, and he spent the rest of his life in an Idaho prison. Mining in Idaho Mining in Idaho was a major commercial venture, bringing a great of attention to the state. From 1860 - 1866 Idaho produced 19 % of all gold in the United States, or 2.5 million ounces. Most of Idaho 's mining production, 1860 -- 1969, has come from metals equating to $2.88 billion out of $3.42 billion, according to the best estimates. Of the metallic mining areas of Idaho, the Coeur d'Alene region has produced the most by far, and accounts for about 80 % of the total Idaho yield. Mining regions Several others -- Boise Basin, Wood River Valley, Stibnite, Blackbirg, and Owyhee -- range considerably above the other big producers. Atlanta, Bear Valley, Bay Horse, Florence, Gilmore, Mackay, Patterson, and Yankee Fork all ran on the order of ten to twenty million dollars, and Elk City, Leesburg, Pierce, Rocky Bar, and Warren 's make up the rest of the major Idaho mining areas that stand out in the sixty or so regions of production worthy of mention. A number of small operations do not appear in this list of Idaho metallic mining areas : a small amount of gold was recovered from Goose Creek on Salmon Meadows ; a mine near Cleveland was prospected in 1922 and produced a little manganese in 1926 ; a few tons of copper came from Fort Hall, and a few more tons of copper came from a mine near Montpelier. Similarly, a few tons of lead came from a property near Bear Lake, and lead - silver is known on Cassia Creek near Elba. Some gold quartz and lead - silver workings are on Ruby Creek west of Elk River, and there is a slightly developed copper operation on Deer Creek near Winchester. Molybdenum is known on Roaring River and on the east fork of the Salmon. Some scattered mining enterprises have been undertaken around Soldier Mountain and on Squaw Creek north of Montour. Progressive policies Idaho proved to be one of the more receptive states to the progressive agenda of the late 19th century and early 20th century. The state embraced progressive policies such as women 's suffrage ( 1896 ) and prohibition ( 1916 ) before they became federal law. Idahoans were also strongly supportive of Free Silver. The pro-bimetallism Populist and Silver Republican parties of the late 1890s were particularly successful in the state. Eugenics was also a major part of the Progressive movement. In 1919, the Idaho legislature passed an Act legalizing the forced sterilization of some persons institutionalized in the state. The act was vetoed by governor D.W. Davis, who doubted its scientific merits and believed it likely violated the Equal Protection clause of the US Constitution. In 1925, the Idaho legislature passed a revised eugenics act, now tailored to avoid Davis 's earlier objections. The new law created a state board of eugenics, charged with : the sterilization of all feebleminded, insane, epileptics, habitual criminals, moral degenerates and sexual perverts who are a menace to society, and providing the means for ascertaining who are such persons. The Eugenics board was eventually folded into the state 's health commission ; between 1932 and 1964, a total of 30 women and eight men in Idaho were sterilized under this law. The sterilization law was formally repealed in 1972. All female survey crew - Minidoka Project, Idaho 1918 After statehood, Idaho 's economy began a gradual shift away from mining toward agriculture, particularly in the south. Older mining communities such as Silver City and Rocky Bar gave way to agricultural communities incorporated after statehood, such as Nampa and Twin Falls. Milner Dam on the Snake River, completed in 1905, allowed for the formation of many agricultural communities in the Magic Valley region which had previously been nearly unpopulated. Meanwhile, some of the mining towns were able to reinvent themselves as resort communities, most notably in Blaine County, where the Sun Valley ski resort opened in 1936. Others, such as Silver City and Rocky Bar, became ghost towns. 1950s to present In the north, mining continued to be an important industry for several more decades. The closure of the Bunker Hill Mine complex in Shoshone County in the early 1980s sent the region 's economy into a tailspin. Since that time, a substantial increase in tourism in north Idaho has helped the region to recover. Coeur d'Alene, a lake - side resort town, is a destination for visitors in the area. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a rise in North Idaho of a few right - wing extremist and `` survivalist '' political groups, most notably one holding Neo-Nazi views, the Aryan Nations. These groups were most heavily concentrated in the Panhandle region of the state, particularly in the vicinity of Coeur d'Alene. In 1992 a stand - off occurred between U.S. Marshals, the F.B.I., and white separatist Randy Weaver and his family at their compound at Ruby Ridge, located near the small, northern Idaho town of Naples. The ensuing fire - fight and deaths of a U.S. Marshal, and Weaver 's son and wife gained national attention, and raised a considerable amount of controversy regarding the nature of acceptable force by the federal government in such situations. In 2001, the Aryan Nations compound, which had been located in Hayden Lake, Idaho, was confiscated as a result of a court case, and the organization moved out of state. About the same time Boise installed an impressive stone Human Rights Memorial featuring a bronze statue of Anne Frank and quotations from her and many other writers extolling human freedom and equality. A recent poll found that Idaho citizens accept people of different cultures and ethnicities. The demographics of the state have changed. Due to this growth in different groups, especially in Boise, the economic expansion surged wrong - economic growth followed the high standard of living and resulted in the `` growth of different groups ''. The population of Idaho in the 21st Century has been described as sharply divided along geographic and cultural lines due to the center of the state being dominated by sparsely - populated national forests, mountain ranges and recreation sites : `` unless you 're willing to navigate a treacherous mountain pass, you ca n't even drive from the north to the south without leaving the state. '' The northern population gravitates towards Spokane, Washington, the heavily Mormon south - east population towards Utah, with an isolated Boise `` ( being ) the closest thing to a city - state that you 'll find in America. '' Nuclear fallout from Nevada Test site Per capita thyroid doses in the continental United States of iodine - 131 resulting from all exposure routes from all atmospheric nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site Idaho was one of several states that received the brunt of nuclear fallout from tests at the Nevada Test Site during the 1950s and 1960s. Reports published by the U.S. government indicate that many Idaho citizens perished and continue to suffer as a result of these tests. As of September 2007, there were continuing efforts in the U.S. congress to compensate victims. See also History portal North America portal United States portal Idaho portal Main article : Historical outline of Idaho Bibliography of Idaho history History of the Western United States List of people from Idaho Territorial evolution of Idaho Timeline of Boise, Idaho References Jump up ^ `` Wilson Butte Cave ''. Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on 2011 - 08 - 24. Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 24. Jump up ^ National Park Service ( 2007 - 01 - 23 ). `` National Register Information System ''. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Jump up ^ `` Cataldo Mission ''. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008 - 01 - 10. Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 22. Jump up ^ `` idahohistory.net '' ( PDF ). Idahohistory.net. Retrieved 2 January 2018. Jump up ^ Berrett, Kelton ; Eldon T. Bennett ( 2004 ). `` Early History of Franklin ''. Franklin, Idaho. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 03. Jump up ^ The Rocky Mountain Region by Rick Newby, page 101 Jump up ^ Sharing the Dream : White Males in a Multicultural America By Dominic J. Pulera. Jump up ^ Reynolds Farley, ' The New Census Question about Ancestry : What Did It Tell Us ? ', Demography, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( August 1991 ), pp. 414, 421. Jump up ^ Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, ' The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns ', Social Science Research, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 1985 ), pp. 44 - 6. Jump up ^ Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, ' Ethnic Groups in Flux : The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites ', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 487, No. 79 ( September 1986 ), pp. 82 - 86. Jump up ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. `` American FactFinder - Results ''. Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2 January 2018. Jump up ^ Faust, Albert Bernhardt ( 1909 ), The German Element in the United States with Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence, Boston : Houghton - Mifflin Jump up ^ Conzen, Kathleen ( 1980 ), `` Germans '', in Stephan Thernstrom, Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, Belknap Press, ISBN 0674375122 Jump up ^ Richard Sisson, ed. The American Midwest ( 2007 ), p. 208 ; Gross ( 1996 ) ; Johnson ( 1951 ). Jump up ^ Trudy Knauss Paradis, et al. German Milwaukee ( 2006 ) Jump up ^ Census 2000 Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Historical Overview : Basque Americans in the Columbia River Basin Archived 2007 - 02 - 12 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Basque Minister for Culture visits Mexico and the U.S.A. '' ( PDF ). Basque News : informative newsletter about the Basque Autonomous Community. Euskko Jaurlaritzako Lehendakaritza. 2005 - 07 - 25. p. 3. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2007 - 07 - 11. Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 06. Jump up ^ Basque Museum and Cultural Center Archived 2007 - 06 - 08 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Zhu, Liping ( 1997 ). Chinaman 's chance : the Chinese on the Rocky Mountain mining frontier. Niwot, Colorado : University Press of Colorado. ISBN 0 - 87081 - 467 - 2. OCLC 36977193. Jump up ^ 12 Stat. 808 Jump up ^ Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology, Pamphlet 68, by W.W. Staley of the University of Idaho. For the United States Statistical Abstract. Jump up ^ Thomas C. Leonard ( 2016 ). Illiberal Reformers : Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era. Princeton University Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 691 - 17586 - 7 Jump up ^ Lyster, L. ( March 14, 2014 ). `` Idaho sterilization law vetoed by Governor D.R. ( sic ) Davis ''. Eugenicsarchive.ca. Retrieved June 7, 2017. Jump up ^ Kersten, L. ( March 14, 2014 ). `` Idaho legislature passes `` An act to create a state board of eugenics '' ``. Eugenicsarchive.ca. Retrieved June 7, 2017. Jump up ^ Paul, Julius ( 1965 ). `` '' Three Generations of Imbeciles Are Enough ' : State Eugenic Sterilization Laws in American Thought and Practice. `` ''. Washington, D.C. : Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, cited by Kaelber, L. ( 2011 ). Eugenics : Compulsory Sterilization in 50 American States. Retrieved June 7, 2017. Jump up ^ Idaho Session Laws 1972, page 27, ch. 21, enacted Feb. 19, 1972. Jump up ^ Michael J. Trinklein ( 2010 ) Lost States : True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania, and Other States That Never Made It. Quirk Books. ISBN 978 - 1 - 59474 - 410 - 5, p. 63 Bibliography Fisher, Vardis ; Federal Writers ' Project ( 1938 ). Idaho Encyclopedia. Caldwell, Idaho : Caxton Printers, Ltd. OCLC 962624. Beal, Merrill D. ; Merle W. Wells ( 1953 ). History of Idaho. New York : Lewis Historical Pub. Co. OCLC 6565869. Bancroft, Hubert Howe ; Frances Fuller Victor ( 1890 ). History of Washington, Idaho and Montana : 1845 - 1889. San Francisco : History Co. OCLC 9291580. Sims, Robert C. ; Hope A. Benedict ( 1992 ). Idaho 's Governors. Boise, Idaho : College of Social Sciences and Public Affairs, Boise State University. ISBN 0 - 932129 - 13 - 7. Dale, Harrison Clifford, The Ashley - Smith Explorations and the Discovery of A Central Route to the Pacific, 1822 - 1829. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark, 1918. External links Idaho History Clayton History Years in Idaho ( 1890 -- present ) 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 2017 2018 2019 2020 History of the United States by polity States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Federal district Washington, D.C. Insular areas American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Outlying islands Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Palmyra Atoll Wake Island State of Idaho Boise ( capital ) Topics Index Bibliography Geography Government Delegations Governors History Images People Symbols Tourist attractions Seal of Idaho Society Crime Culture Demographics Economy Education Politics Regions Boise metropolitan area Cache Valley Central Idaho Columbia River Plateau Eastern Idaho Great Basin Inland Empire Magic Valley North Central Idaho Idaho Panhandle Palouse Southern Idaho Southwestern Idaho Treasure Valley Wasatch Range Wood River Valley Yellowstone Larger cities Boise Nampa Meridian Idaho Falls Pocatello Caldwell Coeur d'Alene Twin Falls Lewiston Post Falls Rexburg Moscow Eagle Smaller cities Kuna Ammon Chubbuck Mountain Home Hayden Blackfoot Garden City Jerome Burley Counties Ada Adams Bannock Bear Lake Benewah Bingham Blaine Boise Bonner Bonneville Boundary Butte Camas Canyon Caribou Cassia Clark Clearwater Custer Elmore Franklin Fremont Gem Gooding Idaho Jefferson Jerome Kootenai Latah Lemhi Lewis Lincoln Madison Minidoka Nez Perce Oneida Owyhee Payette Power Shoshone Teton Twin Falls Valley Washington Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Idaho&oldid=837223854 '' Categories : History of Idaho History of the Northwestern United States Industrial Workers of the World History of the United States by state History of the Rocky Mountains Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January 2018 Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011 Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français 日本 語 Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 19 April 2018, at 14 : 02. 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Question: who was president when idaho became a state
Answer: Benjamin Harrison