Abundance of elements in Earth 's crust - wikipedia Abundance of elements in Earth 's crust Abundance ( atom fraction ) of the chemical elements in Earth 's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number. The rarest elements in the crust ( shown in yellow ) are not the heaviest, but are rather the siderophile ( iron - loving ) elements in the Goldschmidt classification of elements. These have been depleted by being relocated deeper into the Earth 's core. Their abundance in meteoroids is higher. Additionally, tellurium and selenium have been depleted from the crust due to formation of volatile hydrides. The abundance of elements in Earth 's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as either percentage or parts per million ( ppm ) by mass ( 10,000 ppm = 1 % ). Abundance of chemical elements in Earth 's crust, from various sources Rank Z, element & symbol Abundance in crust ( ppm ) by source Annual production Darling Barbalace WebElements Israel Science and Technology Jefferson Lab ( 2016, tonnes ) 8 oxygen 466,000 474,000 460,000 467,100 461,000 14 silicon Si 277,200 277,100 270,000 276,900 282,000 7,200,000 13 aluminium Al 81,300 82,000 82,000 80,700 82,300 57,600,000 26 iron Fe 50,000 41,000 63,000 50,500 56,300 1,150,000,000 5 20 calcium Ca 36,300 41,000 50,000 36,500 41,500 6 11 sodium Na 28,300 23,000 23,000 27,500 23,600 255,000,000 7 19 potassium 25,900 21,000 15,000 25,800 20,900 8 12 magnesium Mg 20,900 23,000 29,000 20,800 23,300 1,010,000 9 22 titanium Ti 4,400 5,600 6,600 6,200 5,600 6,600,000 10 hydrogen 1,400 1,500 1,400 1,400 11 15 phosphorus 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,300 1,050 12 25 manganese Mn 1,000 950 1,100 900 950 16,000,000 13 9 fluorine 800 950 540 290 585 14 56 barium Ba 500 340 340 500 425 15 6 carbon 300 480 1,800 940 200 16 38 strontium Sr 370 360 370 350,000 17 16 sulfur 500 260 420 520 350 69,300,000 18 40 zirconium Zr 190 130 250 165 1,460,000 19 74 tungsten 160.6 1.1 1.25 86,400 20 23 vanadium V 100 160 190 120 76,000 21 17 chlorine Cl 500 130 170 450 145 22 24 chromium Cr 100 100 140 350 102 26,000,000 23 37 rubidium Rb 300 90 60 90 24 28 nickel Ni 80 90 190 84 2,250,000 25 30 zinc Zn 75 79 70 11,900,000 26 29 copper Cu 100 50 68 60 19,400,000 27 58 cerium Ce 68 60 66.5 28 60 neodymium Nd 38 33 41.5 29 57 lanthanum La 32 34 39 30 39 yttrium Y 30 29 33 6,000 31 7 nitrogen 50 25 20 19 140,000,000 32 27 cobalt Co 20 30 25 123,000 33 lithium Li 20 17 20 35,000 34 41 niobium Nb 20 17 20 64,000 35 31 gallium Ga 18 19 19 36 21 scandium Sc 16 26 22 37 82 lead Pb 14 10 14 4,820,000 38 62 samarium Sm 7.9 6 7.05 39 90 thorium Th 12 6 9.6 40 59 praseodymium Pr 9.5 8.7 9.2 41 5 boron 950 8.7 10 9,400,000 42 64 gadolinium Gd 7.7 5.2 6.2 43 66 dysprosium Dy 6 6.2 5.2 44 72 hafnium Hf 5.3 3.3 3.0 45 68 erbium Er 3.8 3.0 3.5 46 70 ytterbium Yb 3.3 2.8 3.2 47 55 caesium Cs 1.9 48 beryllium Be 2.6 1.9 2.8 220 49 50 tin Sn 0 2.2 2.2 2.3 280,000 50 63 europium Eu 2.1 1.8 2.0 51 92 uranium U 0 1.8 2.7 74,119 52 73 tantalum Ta 1.7 2.0 1,100 53 32 germanium Ge 1.8 1.4 1.5 155 54 42 molybdenum Mo 1.5 1.1 1.2 227,000 55 33 arsenic As 1.5 2.1 1.8 36,500 56 67 holmium Ho 1.4 1.2 1.3 57 65 terbium Tb 1.1 0.94 1.2 58 69 thulium Tm 0.48 0.45 0.52 59 35 bromine Br 0.37 2.4 391,000 60 81 thallium Tl 0.6 0.530 0.850 10 61 71 lutetium Lu 0.5 62 51 antimony Sb 0.2 0.2 0.2 130,000 63 53 iodine 0.14 0.490 0.450 31,600 64 48 cadmium Cd 0.11 0.15 0.15 23,000 65 47 silver Ag 0.070 0.080 0.075 27,000 66 80 mercury Hg 0.05 0.067 0.085 4,500 67 34 selenium Se 0.05 0.05 0.05 2,200 68 49 indium In 0.049 0.160 0.250 655 69 83 bismuth Bi 0.048 0.025 0.0085 10,200 70 52 tellurium Te 0.005 0.001 0.001 2,200 71 78 platinum Pt 0.003 0.0037 0.005 172 72 79 gold Au 0.0011 0.0031 0.004 3,100 73 44 ruthenium Ru 0.001 0.001 0.001 74 46 palladium Pd 0.0006 0.0063 0.015 208 75 75 rhenium Re 0.0004 0.0026 0.0007 47.2 76 77 iridium Ir 0.0003 0.0004 0.001 77 45 rhodium Rh 0.0002 0.0007 0.001 78 76 osmium Os 0.0001 0.0018 0.0015 Jump up ^ 5,000 tonnes of annual production is electronic grade See also Abundances of the elements ( data page ) Primordial nuclide References Jump up ^ `` Elements, Terrestrial Abundance ''. www.daviddarling.info. Archived from the original on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 14. Jump up ^ Barbalace, Kenneth. `` Periodic Table of Elements ''. Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 14. Jump up ^ `` Abundance in Earth 's Crust ''. WebElements.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 14. Jump up ^ `` List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Abundance in Earth 's crust ''. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 15. Jump up ^ `` It 's Elemental -- The Periodic Table of Elements ''. Jefferson Lab. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 14. Jump up ^ Commodity Statistics and Information. USGS. All production numbers are for mines, except for Al, Cd, Fe, Ge, In, N, Se ( plants, refineries ), S ( all forms ) and As, Br, Mg, Si ( unspecified ). Data for B, K, Ti, Y are given not for the pure element but for the most common oxide, data for Na and Cl are for NaCl. For many elements like Si, Al, data are ambiguos ( many forms produced ) and are taken for the pure element. U data is pure element required for consumption by current reactor fleet ( 1 ). WNA. Jump up ^ Emsley, John ( 2001 ). Nature 's building blocks : an A-Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 240 -- 242. ISBN 0 - 19 - 850341 - 5. BookRags, Periodic Table. World Book Encyclopedia, Exploring Earth. HyperPhysics, Georgia State University, Abundance of Elements in Earth 's Crust. Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USGS ( 2 ). Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust&oldid=801283417 '' Categories : Structure of the Earth Properties of chemical elements Lists of chemical elements Talk About Wikipedia Esperanto Français Македонски 日本 語 ଓଡ଼ିଆ Slovenščina 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 September 2017, at 19 : 43. About Wikipedia

Question: what are the two most abundant elements by mass found in earth's crust
Answer: oxygen