Yalta Conference - wikipedia Yalta Conference Yalta Conference Crimean Conference Argonaut Conference The `` Big Three '' at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. Behind them stand, from the left, Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Fleet Admiral Ernest King, Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, General of the Army George Marshall, Major General Laurence S. Kuter, General Aleksei Antonov, Vice Admiral Stepan Kucherov, and Admiral of the Fleet Nikolay Kuznetsov. Host country Soviet Union Date 4 -- 11 February, 1945 Venue ( s ) Livadia Palace Cities Yalta, Russian SFSR, USSR Participants Soviet Union United Kingdom United States Follows Tehran Conference Precedes Potsdam Conference The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe 's postwar reorganization. The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively. The conference convened near Yalta in Crimea, Soviet Union, within the Livadia, Yusupov, and Vorontsov Palaces. The aim of the conference was to shape a post-war peace that represented not just a collective security order but a plan to give self - determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi Europe. The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war - torn Europe. However, within a few short years, with the Cold War dividing the continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy. Yalta was the second of three major wartime conferences among the Big Three. It was preceded by the Tehran Conference in November 1943, and was followed by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. It was also preceded by a conference in Moscow in October 1944, not attended by President Roosevelt, in which Churchill and Stalin had carved up Europe into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. The Potsdam Conference was attended by Stalin, Churchill ( who was replaced halfway through by the newly elected British Prime Minister Clement Attlee ) and Harry S. Truman, Roosevelt 's successor after his death. Contents 1 Conference 1.1 Declaration of Liberated Europe 1.2 Key points 1.3 Democratic elections 2 Aftermath 2.1 Poland and the Eastern Bloc 2.1. 1 Aborted enforcement plans 2.2 Potsdam and the atomic bomb 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Conference This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2011 ) Yalta American Delegation in Livadia Palace from left to right : Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, Maj. Gen. L.S. Kuter, Admiral E.J. King, General George C. Marshall, Ambassador Averell Harriman, Admiral William Leahy, and President F.D. Roosevelt. Livadia Palace, Crimea, Russia By the time of the Yalta Conference, the Western forces consisting of the United Kingdom, the United States, Poland, Canada, and the governments - in - exile of France and Belgium, led by British general Bernard Montgomery and American generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and Omar Bradley, had liberated all of France and Belgium and were advancing into Germany, leading to the Battle of the Bulge. In the east, Red Army Marshal Georgy Zhukov 's forces were 65 km ( 40 mi ) from Berlin, having already pushed back the Nazis from Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and most of Yugoslavia. By February, Germany only had loose control over the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Austria, Germany, Northern Italy, and Northern Yugoslavia. Stalin, insisting that his doctors opposed any long trips, rejected Roosevelt 's suggestion to meet in the Mediterranean. He offered instead to meet at the Black Sea resort of Yalta, in the Crimea. Stalin 's fear of flying also was a contributing factor in this decision. Each of the three leaders had his own agenda for post-war Germany and liberated Europe. Roosevelt wanted Soviet support in the U.S. Pacific War against Japan, specifically for the planned invasion of Japan ( Operation August Storm ), as well as Soviet participation in the United Nations ; Churchill pressed for free elections and democratic governments in Eastern and Central Europe ( specifically Poland ) ; and Stalin demanded a Soviet sphere of political influence in Eastern and Central Europe as an essential aspect of the USSR 's national security strategy. Stalin 's position at the conference was one which he felt was so strong that he could dictate terms. According to U.S. delegation member and future Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, `` it was not a question of what we would let the Russians do, but what we could get the Russians to do. '' Poland was the first item on the Soviet agenda. Stalin stated that `` For the Soviet government, the question of Poland was one of honor '' and security because Poland had served as a historical corridor for forces attempting to invade Russia. In addition, Stalin stated regarding history that `` because the Russians had greatly sinned against Poland '', `` the Soviet government was trying to atone for those sins. '' Stalin concluded that `` Poland must be strong '' and that `` the Soviet Union is interested in the creation of a mighty, free and independent Poland. '' Accordingly, Stalin stipulated that Polish government - in - exile demands were not negotiable : the Soviet Union would keep the territory of eastern Poland they had already annexed in 1939, and Poland was to be compensated for that by extending its western borders at the expense of Germany. Contrasting with his prior statement, Stalin promised free elections in Poland despite the Soviet sponsored provisional government recently installed by him in Polish territories occupied by the Red Army. Roosevelt wanted the USSR to enter the Pacific War with the Allies. One Soviet precondition for a declaration of war against Japan was an American official recognition of Mongolian independence from China ( the Mongolian People 's Republic had already been the Soviet satellite state from its own beginnings in 1924, through World War II ), and a recognition of Soviet interests in the Manchurian railways and Port Arthur ( but not asking the Chinese to lease ), as well as deprivation of Japanese soil ( such as Sakhalin and Kuril Islands ) to return to Russian custody since the Treaty of Portsmouth ; these were agreed without Chinese representation, consultation or consent, with the American desire to end war early thereby reducing American casualties. Stalin agreed that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific War three months after the defeat of Germany. Stalin pledged to Truman to keep the nationality of the Korean Peninsula intact as Soviet Union entered the war against Japan. A Big Three meeting room Furthermore, the Soviets had agreed to join the United Nations, given the secret understanding of a voting formula with a veto power for permanent members of the Security Council, thus ensuring that each country could block unwanted decisions. At the time, the Red Army had occupied Poland completely and held much of Eastern Europe with a military power three times greater than Allied forces in the West. The Declaration of Liberated Europe did little to dispel the sphere of influence agreements that had been incorporated into armistice agreements. All three leaders ratified previous agreements about the post-war occupation zones for Germany : three zones of occupation, one for each of the three principal Allies : The Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They also agreed to give France a zone of occupation, carved out of the U.S. and UK zones. Also, the Big Three agreed that all original governments would be restored to the invaded countries ( with the exceptions of France, whose government was regarded as collaborationist ; Romania and Bulgaria, where the Soviets had already liquidated most of the governments ; and Poland whose government - in - exile was also excluded by Stalin ) and that all civilians would be repatriated. Declaration of liberated Europe The Declaration of Liberated Europe is a declaration that was created by Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin during the Yalta Conference. It was a promise that allowed the people of Europe `` to create democratic institutions of their own choice ''. The declaration pledged, `` the earliest possible establishment through free elections governments responsive to the will of the people. '' This is similar to the statements of the Atlantic Charter, which says, `` the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live. '' Stalin broke the pledge by encouraging Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and many more countries to construct a Communist government, instead of letting the people construct their own. The countries later became known as Stalin 's Satellite Nations. Key points Territorial evolution of Germany in the 20th century Pre-World War II Treaty of Versailles ( 1919 ) Silesian Uprisings ( 1918 -- 1919 ) Polish Corridor Return of the Saar Basin ( 1935 ) Remilitarization of the Rhineland ( 1936 ) Anschluss with Austria ( 1938 ) Munich Agreement ( 1938 ) Seizure of Czechoslovakia ( 1939 ) Treaty of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany ( 1939 ) World War II Großdeutschland Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany Tehran Conference ( 1943 ) Yalta Conference ( 1945 ) Post-World War II Potsdam Conference ( 1945 ) Dutch annexations ( 1949 ) Belgian annexations ( 1949 ) Treaty of Zgorzelec ( 1950 ) Return of Heligoland ( 1952 ) Saar Treaty ( 1956 ) `` Little Reunification '' with Saarland ( 1957 ) Return of Selfkant ( 1963 ) Treaty of Warsaw ( 1970 ) Two Plus Four Treaty ( 1990 ) German - Polish Border Treaty ( 1990 ) Areas Former eastern territories of Germany Adjacent countries Territorial evolution of Poland Territorial changes of the Baltic states Territorial evolution of Poland in the 20th century Post World War I Greater Poland Uprising ( 1918 -- 19 ) Treaty of Versailles ( 1919 ) Treaty of Saint - Germain - en - Laye ( 1919 ) Suwałki Agreement ( 1920 ) Peace of Riga ( 1921 ) Silesian Uprisings Polish Corridor World War II Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany Polish areas annexed by USSR Wartime administrative division Tehran Conference ( 1943 ) Yalta Conference ( 1945 ) Post World War II Potsdam Conference ( 1945 ) Polish -- Soviet border agreement of August 1945 Treaty of Zgorzelec ( 1950 ) Polish - Soviet Border Adjustment Treaty ( 1951 ) Treaty of Warsaw ( 1970 ) Two Plus Four Treaty ( 1990 ) German - Polish Border Treaty ( 1990 ) Areas Kresy Wschodnie ( `` Eastern Borderlands '' ) Kresy Zachodnie ( `` Western Borderlands '' ) Recovered Territories Former eastern territories of Germany Zaolzie Demarcation lines Curzon Line ( 1920 ) Oder -- Neisse line ( 1950 -- 1990 ) Adjacent countries Territorial evolution of Germany Territorial changes of the Baltic states The key points of the meeting are as follows : Agreement to the priority of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. After the war, Germany and Berlin would be split into four occupied zones. Stalin agreed that France would have a fourth occupation zone in Germany, but it would have to be formed out of the American and British zones. Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification. German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labour. The forced labour was to be used to repair damage that Germany had inflicted on its victims. However, laborers were also forced to harvest crops, mine uranium, and do other work. ( see also Forced labor of Germans after World War II and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union ). Creation of a reparation council which would be located in the Soviet Union. The status of Poland was discussed. It was agreed to reorganize the communist Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland that had been installed by the Soviet Union `` on a broader democratic basis. '' The Polish eastern border would follow the Curzon Line, and Poland would receive territorial compensation in the west from Germany. Stalin pledged to permit free elections in Poland. Roosevelt obtained a commitment by Stalin to participate in the UN. Stalin requested that all of the 16 Soviet Socialist Republics would be granted UN membership. This was taken into consideration, but 14 republics were denied ; Truman agreed to membership for Ukraine and Byelorussia while reserving the right, which was never exercised, to seek two more votes for the United States. Stalin agreed to enter the fight against the Empire of Japan `` in two or three months after Germany has surrendered and the war in Europe is terminated, '' and that as a result, the Soviets would take possession of Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, the port of Dalian would be internationalized, and the Soviet lease of Port Arthur would be restored, among other concessions. Nazi war criminals were to be found and put on trial. A `` Committee on Dismemberment of Germany '' was to be set up. Its purpose was to decide whether Germany was to be divided into six nations. Some examples of partition plans are shown below : The eventual partition of Germany into Allied Occupation Zones : British zone French zone ( two exclaves ) and beginning in 1947, the Saar protectorate American zone Soviet zone, later the GDR Polish and Soviet annexed territory Partition plan from Winston Churchill : North German state South German state, including modern Austria and Hungary West German state Partition plan from Franklin D. Roosevelt : Hanover Prussia Hesse Saxony Bavaria International zone ( two exclaves ) Allied - administered Austria Morgenthau Plan : North German state South German state International zone Territory lost from Germany ( Saarland to France, Upper Silesia to Poland, East Prussia, partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union ) Democratic elections The Big Three further agreed that democracies would be established, all liberated European and former Axis satellite countries would hold free elections and that order would be restored. In that regard, they promised to rebuild occupied countries by processes that will allow them `` to create democratic institutions of their own choice. This is a principle of the Atlantic Charter -- the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live ''. The resulting report stated that the three would assist occupied countries to form interim government that `` pledged to the earliest possible establishment through free elections of the Governments responsive to the will of the people '' and to `` facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections. '' The agreement called on signatories to `` consult together on the measures necessary to discharge the joint responsibilities set forth in this declaration. '' During the Yalta discussions, Molotov inserted language that weakened the implication of enforcement of the declaration. Regarding Poland, the Yalta report further stated that the provisional government should `` be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage and secret ballot. '' The agreement could not conceal the importance of acceding to pro-Soviet short - term Lublin government control and of eliminating language calling for supervised elections. According to President Roosevelt, `` if we attempt to evade the fact that we placed somewhat more emphasis on the Lublin Poles than on the other two groups from which the new government is to be drawn I feel we will expose ourselves to the charges that we are attempting to go back on the Crimea decision. '' Roosevelt conceded that, in the words of Admiral William D. Leahy, the language of Yalta was so vague that the Soviets would be able to `` stretch it all the way from Yalta to Washington without ever technically breaking it. '' The final agreement stipulated that `` the Provisional Government which is now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganized on a broader democratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland and from Poles abroad. '' The language of Yalta conceded predominance of the pro-Soviet Lublin Government in a provisional government, albeit a reorganized one. Aftermath Poland and the eastern bloc Further information : History of Poland ( 1939 -- 1945 ) and Eastern Bloc Allied - occupied territories ( red ) on 15 February 1945, four days after the end of the conference Poland 's old and new borders, 1945 - Kresy in light blue Because of Stalin 's strong promises and admission of guilt over Poland, Churchill believed that he would keep his word regarding Poland, remarking `` Poor Neville Chamberlain believed he could trust Hitler. He was wrong. But I do n't think I am wrong about Stalin. '' At that time, over 200,000 soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces in the West were serving under the high command of the British Army. Many of these men and women were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Vilnius. They had been deported from Kresy to the eastern regions of Russia, or sent to Gulags when the USSR occupied this region of Poland in 1939. Two years later, when Churchill and Stalin formed an alliance against Hitler, the Kresy Poles were released from the Gulags in Siberia, formed the Anders Army and marched to Persia to create the II Corps ( Poland ) under British high command. These Polish troops were instrumental to the Allied defeat of the Germans in North Africa and Italy, and hoped to return to their homes in Kresy in an independent and democratic Poland at the end of the War. But at Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill largely acceded to Stalin 's demands to annex the territory which in the Nazi - Soviet Pact he and Hitler had agreed to the Soviet Union controlling, including Kresy, and to carry out Polish population transfers ( 1944 -- 1946 ). Consequently, they in effect agreed that tens of thousands of veteran Polish troops under British command should lose their Kresy homes to the Soviet Union. In reaction, thirty officers and men from the II Corps ( Poland ) committed suicide. Churchill defended his actions at Yalta in a three - day Parliamentary debate starting on February 27, which ended in a vote of confidence. During the debate many MPs criticised Churchill and expressed deep reservations about Yalta and support for Poland, with 25 drafting an amendment protesting the agreement. These members included : Arthur Greenwood ; Sir Archibald Southby, 1st Baronet ; Sir Alec Douglas - Home ; James Heathcote - Drummond - Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster and Victor Raikes. After the failure of the amendment, Henry Strauss, 1st Baron Conesford, the Member of Parliament for Norwich, resigned his seat in protest at the British treatment of Poland. When the Second World War ended, a Communist government was installed in Poland. Many Poles felt betrayed by their wartime allies. Many Polish soldiers refused to return to Poland, because of the Soviet repressions of Polish citizens ( 1939 -- 1946 ), the Trial of the Sixteen and other executions of pro-Western Poles, particularly the former members of the AK ( Armia Krajowa ). The result was the Polish Resettlement Act 1947, Britain 's first mass immigration law. On March 1, Roosevelt assured Congress that `` I come from the Crimea with a firm belief that we have made a start on the road to a world of peace. '' However, the Western Powers soon realized that Stalin would not honour his promise of free elections for Poland. After receiving considerable criticism in London following Yalta regarding the atrocities committed in Poland by Soviet troops, Churchill wrote Roosevelt a desperate letter referencing the wholesale deportations and liquidations of opposition Poles by the Soviets. On March 11, Roosevelt responded to Churchill, writing, `` I most certainly agree that we must stand firm on a correct interpretation of the Crimean decision. You are quite correct in assuming that neither the Government nor the people of this country will support participation in a fraud or a mere whitewash of the Lublin government and the solution must be as we envisaged it in Yalta. '' By March 21, Roosevelt 's Ambassador to the USSR Averell Harriman cabled Roosevelt that `` we must come clearly to realize that the Soviet program is the establishment of totalitarianism, ending personal liberty and democracy as we know it. '' Two days later, Roosevelt began to admit that his view of Stalin had been excessively optimistic and that `` Averell is right. '' Four days later, on March 27, the Soviet Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( NKVD ) arrested 16 Polish opposition political leaders that had been invited to participate in provisional government negotiations. The arrests were part of a trick employed by the NKVD, which flew the leaders to Moscow for a later show trial followed by sentencing to a gulag. Churchill thereafter argued to Roosevelt that it was `` as plain as a pike staff '' that Moscow 's tactics were to drag out the period for holding free elections `` while the Lublin Committee consolidate their power. '' The Polish elections, held on January 16, 1947, resulted in Poland 's official transformation to a communist state by 1949. Following Yalta, in Russia, when Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov expressed worry that the Yalta Agreement 's wording might impede Stalin 's plans, Stalin responded `` Never mind. We 'll do it our own way later. '' While the Soviet Union had already annexed several occupied countries as ( or into ) Soviet Socialist Republics, other countries in eastern Europe that it occupied were converted into Soviet - controlled satellite states, such as the People 's Republic of Poland, the People 's Republic of Hungary, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the People 's Republic of Romania, the People 's Republic of Bulgaria, the People 's Republic of Albania, and later East Germany from the Soviet zone of German occupation. Eventually the United States and the United Kingdom made concessions in recognizing the then Communist - dominated regions, sacrificing the substance of the Yalta Declaration, while it remained in form. Aborted enforcement plans Further information : Operation Unthinkable At some point of Spring 1945, Churchill had commissioned a contingency military enforcement operation plan ( war on the Soviet Union ) to obtain `` square deal for Poland '' ( Operation Unthinkable ), which resulted in a May 22 report stating unfavorable success odds. The report 's arguments included geostrategic issues ( possible Soviet - Japanese alliance resulting in moving of Japanese troops from continent to Home Islands, threat to Iran / Iraq ) and uncertainties concerning land battles in Europe. Potsdam and the atomic bomb Further information : Potsdam Conference and Potsdam Agreement The Potsdam Conference was held from July to August 1945, which included the participation of Clement Attlee ( who had replaced Churchill as Prime Minister ) and President Harry S Truman ( representing the United States after Roosevelt 's death ). At Potsdam, the Soviets denied claims that they were interfering in the affairs of Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. The conference resulted in ( 1 ) the Potsdam Declaration regarding the surrender of Japan, and ( 2 ) the Potsdam Agreement regarding the Soviet annexation of former Polish territory east of the Curzon Line, and, provisions, to be addressed in an eventual Final Treaty ending World War II, for the annexation of parts of Germany east of the Oder - Neisse line into Poland, and northern East Prussia into the Soviet Union. Four months after the death of Roosevelt, President Truman ordered the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Gallery Taken by War Office official photographer, United Kingdom From left to right : Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. Also present are Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov ( far left ) ; Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham, RN, Marshal of the RAF Sir Charles Portal, RAF, ( standing behind Churchill ) ; General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, and Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, ( standing behind Roosevelt ) See also Eastern Bloc List of World War II conferences List of Soviet Union -- United States summits Percentages agreement Plan Totality Repatriation of Cossacks after World War II Western betrayal World War II Behind Closed Doors : Stalin, the Nazis and the West Notes Jump up ^ Michael M. Boll ( 13 January 2015 ). Cold War in the Balkans : American Foreign Policy and the Emergence of Communist Bulgaria 1943 -- 1947. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 79 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8131 - 6217 - 1. Jump up ^ Melvyn Leffler, Cambridge History of the Cold War : Volume 1 ( Cambridge University Press, 2012 ), p. 175 Jump up ^ `` The Untold History of the United States, '' Stone, Oliver and Kuznick, Peter ( Gallery Books, 2012 ), page 114, citing `` The Second World War Triumph and Tragedy, '' Churchill, Winston, 1953, pages 227 - 228, and `` Modern Times : The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, Johnson, Paul ( New York : Perennial, 2001 ), page 434 Jump up ^ Stephen C. Schlesinger, Act of Creation : The Founding of the United Nations, ( Boulder : Westview Press, 2003 ). ISBN 0 - 8133 - 3324 - 5 Jump up ^ Beevor, Antony ( 2012 ). The Second World War. New York : Little, Brown and Company. p. 709. ISBN 9780316023740. Jump up ^ Black et al. 2000, p. 61 ^ Jump up to : Berthon & Potts 2007, p. 285 Jump up ^ `` ConnectED ''. connected.mcgraw-hill.com. Retrieved 2016 - 04 - 26. Jump up ^ Pavel Polian - Against Their Will : The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR Central European University Press 2003 ISBN 963 - 9241 - 68 - 7 P. 244 - 249 Jump up ^ Osmańczyk, Edmund. Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements : T to Z. p. 2773. ISBN 0 - 415 - 93924 - 0. Jump up ^ `` United Nations ''. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2003 - 03 - 03. Retrieved 2014 - 09 - 22. Voting procedures and the veto power of permanent members of the Security Council were finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945 when Roosevelt and Stalin agreed that the veto would not prevent discussions by the Security Council. In April 1945 the new U.S. President Truman agreed to General Assembly membership for Ukraine and Byelorussia while reserving the right, which was never exercised, to seek two more votes for the United States. Jump up ^ `` Agreement Regarding Japan, '' Protocol Proceedings of the Crimea Conference ( February 11, 1945 ). ( Online at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp](http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp ). ^ Jump up to : February 11, 1945 Protocol of Proceedings of Crimea Conference, reprinted in Grenville, John Ashley Soames and Bernard Wasserstein, The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century : A History and Guide with Texts, Taylor and Francis, 2001 ISBN 0 - 415 - 23798 - X, pages 267 -- 277 ^ Jump up to : Leffler, Melvyn P. ( 1986 ). `` Adherence to Agreements : Yalta and the Experiences of the Early Cold War ''. International Security. 11 ( 1 ) : 88 -- 123. JSTOR 2538877. Jump up ^ ( The American People in World War II : Freedom from Fear, Part Two By David M. Kennedy page 377 ^ Jump up to : Berthon & Potts 2007, p. 289 Jump up ^ `` WWII Behind Closed Doors : Stalin, the Nazis and the West. In Depth. Uneasy Allies ''. PBS. 1941 - 12 - 07. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 19. ^ Jump up to : pp. 374 -- 383 Olson and Cloud 2003 ^ Jump up to : Berthon & Potts 2007, pp. 290 -- 94 Jump up ^ Telegram, President Roosevelt to the British Prime Minister, Washington, 11 March 1945, in United States Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers : 1945 Volume V, Europe ( Washington : Government Printing Office, 1967 ), pp. 509 - 510. ^ Jump up to : Berthon & Potts 2007, pp. 296 -- 97 Jump up ^ Wettig 2008, pp. 47 -- 8 Jump up ^ Senn, Alfred Erich ( 2007 ). Lithuania 1940 : revolution from above. Amsterdam, New York : Rodopi. ISBN 978 - 90 - 420 - 2225 - 6. Jump up ^ Roberts 2006, p. 43 Jump up ^ Wettig 2008, pp. 20 -- 1 Jump up ^ Granville, Johanna ( 2004 ). The First Domino : International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 1 - 58544 - 298 - 4. Jump up ^ Grenville 2005, pp. 370 -- 71 Jump up ^ Cook 2001, p. 17 Jump up ^ Wettig 2008, pp. 96 -- 100 ^ Jump up to : Black et al. 2000, p. 63 Jump up ^ `` Operation Unthinkable ''. Northeastern University. Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 16. Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 25. defined as no more than square deal for Poland Jump up ^ `` Operation Unthinkable ''. Northeastern University. Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 16. Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 25. defined as no more than square deal for Poland Jump up ^ Roberts 2006, pp. 274 -- 5 Jump up ^ `` Clement Richard Attlee ''. Archontology.org. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 19. Jump up ^ Truman 1973, p. 208 Jump up ^ `` Potsdam Declaration ''. Ndl.go.jp. 1945 - 07 - 26. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 19. References Berthon, Simon ; Potts, Joanna ( 2007 ), Warlords : An Extraordinary Re-creation of World War II Through the Eyes and Minds of Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin, Da Capo Press, ISBN 0 - 306 - 81538 - 9 Black, Cyril E. ; English, Robert D. ; Helmreich, Jonathan E. ; McAdams, James A. ( 2000 ), Rebirth : A Political History of Europe since World War II, Westview Press, ISBN 0 - 8133 - 3664 - 3 Grenville, John Ashley Soames ( 2005 ), A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 0 - 415 - 28954 - 8 LaFeber, Walter ( 1972 ), America, Russia, and the Cold War, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 0 - 471 - 51137 - 4 Miscamble, Wilson D. ( 2007 ), From Roosevelt to Truman : Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 - 521 - 86244 - 2 Roberts, Geoffrey ( 2006 ), Stalin 's Wars : From World War to Cold War, 1939 -- 1953, Yale University Press, ISBN 0 - 300 - 11204 - 1 Truman, Margaret ( 1973 ), Harry S. Truman, William Morrow & Co., ISBN 0 - 688 - 00005 - 3 Wettig, Gerhard ( 2008 ), Stalin and the Cold War in Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 0 - 7425 - 5542 - 9 Kennedy, David M. ( 2003 ), The American People in World War II Freedom from Fear, Part Two, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0 - 19 - 516893 - 3 Further reading Fraser J. Harbutt, Yalta 1945 : Europe and America at the Crossroads ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2010 ). Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin 's Wars : From World War to Cold War, 1939 - 1953 ( New Haven : Yale University Press, 2008 ). Roberts, Geoffrey. `` Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences. '' Journal of Cold War Studies 9.4 ( 2007 ) : 6 - 40. online Persico E. Joseph Roosevelt 's Secret War. New York : Random House, 2001. Plokhii, Serhii ( 2010 ). Yalta : The Price of Peace. New York, NY : Viking Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 670 - 02141 - 3. Shevchenko O. 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year plan Sino - Soviet conflict ( 1929 ) 16th / 17th Congress of the All - Union Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) 1931 Menshevik Trial Spanish Civil War Soviet invasion of Xinjiang Soviet -- Japanese border conflicts 1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang 1937 Soviet Union legislative election 18th Congress of the All - Union Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact Invasion of Poland Winter War Moscow Peace Treaty Occupation of the Baltic states German -- Soviet Axis talks Soviet -- Japanese Neutrality Pact Continuation War World War II Soviet atomic bomb project Tehran Conference Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Ili Rebellion Sino - Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance 1946 Iran crisis 1946 Soviet Union legislative election Turkish Straits crisis First Indochina War Cold War Sino - Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Eastern Bloc Cominform Greek Civil War 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito -- Stalin split Berlin Blockade Comecon 1950 Soviet Union legislative election 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Korean War Concepts Stalinism Neo-Stalinism Korenizatsiya Socialism in One Country Great Break Socialist realism Stalinist architecture Aggravation of class struggle under socialism Five - year plans Great Construction Projects of Communism Engineers of the human soul 1936 Soviet Constitution New Soviet man Stakhanovite Transformation of nature Controversies National delimitation in the Soviet Union Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour Great Purge Holodomor Gulag Decossackization Dekulakization Population transfer ( Nazi -- Soviet ) Forced settlement Great Break Tax on trees Hitler Youth Conspiracy Hotel Lux Wittorf affair Soviet war crimes Rootless cosmopolitan Night of the Murdered Poets Doctors ' plot Moscow Trials Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization Allegations of antisemitism NKVD prisoner massacres Murder of Sergey Kirov Katyń massacre Medvedev Forest massacre 1937 Soviet Census Deportations ( Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina Koreans ) Operation `` North '' Georgian Affair Mingrelian Affair Leningrad Affair Relationship with Shostakovich Lysenkoism Japhetic theory Suppressed research in the Soviet Union Censorship of images Operation `` Lentil '' in the Caucasus Operation `` Priboi '' Vinnytsia massacre Kurapaty 1946 -- 1947 Soviet famine Nazino affair 1941 Red Army purge 1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi 1907 Tiflis bank robbery Soviet offensive plans controversy Works `` Marxism and the National Question '' `` The Principles of Leninism '' `` Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia '' `` Ten Blows '' speech Alleged 19 August 1939 speech Falsifiers of History Stalin Note The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Bolsheviks ) 1936 Soviet Constitution Stalin 's poetry Dialectical and Historical Materialism Order No. 227 Order No. 270 `` Marxism and Problems of Linguistics '' Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR De-Stalinization 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Pospelov Commission Rehabilitation Khrushchev Thaw On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences Gomulka thaw ( Polish October ) Soviet Nonconformist Art Shvernik Commission 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Era of Stagnation Criticism and opposition Stalin Epigram Lenin 's Testament Ryutin Affair Anti-Stalinist left Trotskyism True Communists Russian Liberation Movement ( Russian Liberation Army Russian Corps ) Ukrainian Liberation Army Darkness at Noon Animal Farm Nineteen Eighty - Four Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism The Soviet Story Remembrance How the Steel Was Tempered Friends of the Soviet Union Iosif Stalin tank Iosif Stalin locomotive Generalissimus of the Soviet Union Stalin statues Pantheon, Moscow 1956 Georgian demonstrations Stalin Monument in Budapest Stalin Monument in Prague Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori Batumi Stalin Museum Places named after Stalin Yanks for Stalin Stalin Prize Stalin Peace Prize Stalin Society Stalin Bloc -- For the USSR Name of Russia Family Besarion Jughashvili ( father ) Keke Geladze ( mother ) Kato Svanidze ( first wife ) Yakov Dzhugashvili ( son ) Konstantin Kuzakov ( son ) Artyom Sergeyev ( adopted son ) Nadezhda Alliluyeva ( second wife ) Vasily Dzhugashvili ( son ) Svetlana Alliluyeva ( daughter ) Yevgeny Dzhugashvili ( grandson ) Galina Dzhugashvili ( granddaughter ) Joseph Alliluyev ( grandson ) Sergei Alliluyev ( second father - in - law ) Alexander Svanidze ( brother - in - law ) Yuri Zhdanov ( son - in - law ) William Wesley Peters ( son - in - law ) Friends Ioseb Iremashvili Kamo ( Bolshevik ) Kliment Voroshilov Vyacheslav Molotov Lazar Kaganovich Grigory Ordzhonikidze Anastas Mikoyan Residences Tiflis Spiritual Seminary Kuntsevo Dacha Mayakovskaya ( Moscow Metro ) Sochi Dacha Blizhnyaya Dacha Category Commons Brezhnev Era template Soviet Union portal Communism portal Winston Churchill Life Winston Churchill as historian Winston Churchill as painter Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill in politics, 1900 -- 1939 Timeline War Rooms conferences Percentages agreement Quebec Agreement Statement on Atrocities European Advisory Commission Honours of Winston Churchill Later life of Winston Churchill funeral gravesite The Other Club Blenheim Palace Chartwell Writings The Story of the Malakand Field Force ( 1898 ) Savrola ( 1899 novel ) The River War ( 1899 ) London to Ladysmith via Pretoria ( 1900 ) Ian Hamilton 's March ( 1900 ) Lord Randolph Churchill ( 1906 ) The World Crisis ( 1923 -- 1931, five volumes ) My Early Life ( 1930 ) Marlborough : His Life and Times ( 1933 -- 1938, four volumes ) Great Contemporaries ( 1937 ) Arms and the Covenant ( 1938 ) The Second World War ( 1948 -- 1963, six volumes ) A History of the English - Speaking Peoples ( 1956 -- 1958, four volumes ) Speeches `` Blood, toil, tears, and sweat '' `` Be ye men of valour '' `` We shall fight on the beaches '' `` This was their finest hour '' `` Never was so much owed by so many to so few '' `` Iron Curtain '' Legacy and depictions Palace of Westminster statue Parliament Square statue Washington, DC, statue Epstein bust Memorial Trusts Churchill College, Cambridge Churchill Archives Centre The Churchill Centre US Churchill Museum Cultural depictions Churchillian Drift Related Norway Debate Terminological inexactitude Siege of Sidney Street Tonypandy riots May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis Sword of Stalingrad Operation Unthinkable Family Lord Randolph Churchill ( father ) Jennie Jerome, Lady Randolph Churchill ( mother ) Jack Churchill ( brother ) Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer - Churchill ( wife ) Diana Churchill ( daughter ) Randolph Churchill ( son ) Sarah Churchill ( daughter ) Marigold Churchill ( daughter ) Mary Soames, Baroness Soames ( daughter ) Descendants John Spencer - Churchill ( grandfather ) Frances Anne Spencer - Churchill ( grandmother ) Leonard Jerome ( grandfather ) Clarissa Eden ( niece ) Franklin D. 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Bill of Rights Cullen -- Harrison Act Roerich Pact Four Freedoms Four Freedoms Monument Black Cabinet Jefferson 's Birthday holiday Judicial Court - Packing Bill Federal Judicial appointments Supreme Court Cabinet `` Brain Trust '' Modern Oval Office Official car Criticism Presidential Foreign policy Banana Wars U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912 -- 1933 U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915 -- 1934 Good Neighbor Policy ( 1933 -- 1945 ) Montevideo Convention ( 1933 ) Second London Naval Treaty ( 1936 ) ABCD line ( 1940 ) Export Control Act Four Policemen Lend - Lease 1940 Selective Service Act Atlantic Charter ( 1941 ) Military history of the United States during World War II Home front during World War II Combined Munitions Assignments Board War Production Board Declaration by United Nations ( 1942 ) Dumbarton Oaks Conference World War II conferences Quebec Agreement Europe first Morgentau Plan support Presidential speeches Commonwealth Club Address Madison Square Garden speech `` Four Freedoms '' Infamy Speech Arsenal of Democracy ``... is fear itself '' Fireside chats `` Look to Norway '' Quarantine Speech `` The More Abundant Life '' Second Bill of Rights State of the Union Address ( 1934 1938 1939 1940 1941 1945 ) Other events Early life, education, career Warm Springs Institute Governorship of New York Business Plot Assassination attempt Elections New York state election, 1928 1930 Democratic National Convention, 1920 1924 1932 1936 1940 1944 United States presidential election, 1920 1932 theme song 1936 1940 1944 Life and homes Early life and education Groton School `` Springwood '' birthplace, home, and gravesite Campobello home Paralytic illness Top Cottage Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia Legacy Presidential Library and Museum Roosevelt Institute Roosevelt Institute Campus Network Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Roosevelt Island Four Freedoms Park White House Roosevelt Room Roosevelt Study Center Four Freedoms Award Four Freedoms paintings Unfinished portrait U.S. Postage stamps Roosevelt dime Films The Roosevelt Story 1947 Sunrise at Campobello 1960 Eleanor and Franklin 1976, The White House Years 1977 World War II : When Lions Roared Warm Springs 2005 Hyde Park on Hudson 2012 The Roosevelts 2014 documentary Other namesakes Roosevelt family Delano family Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( wife ) Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( daughter ) James Roosevelt II ( son ) Elliott Roosevelt ( son ) Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. ( son ) John Aspinwall Roosevelt II ( son ) Eleanor Roosevelt Seagraves ( granddaughter ) Curtis Roosevelt ( grandson ) Sara Delano Roosevelt ( granddaughter ) Franklin Delano Roosevelt III ( grandson ) John Roosevelt Boettiger ( grandson ) James Roosevelt III ( grandson ) James Roosevelt I ( father ) Sara Ann Delano ( mother ) James Roosevelt Roosevelt ( half - brother ) Isaac Roosevelt ( grandfather ) Jacobus Roosevelt ( great - grandfather ) Fala ( family dog ) ← Herbert Hoover Harry S. Truman → Category Coordinates : 44 ° 28 ′ 04 '' N 34 ° 08 ′ 36 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 44.46778 ° N 34.14333 ° E ﻿ / 44.46778 ; 34.14333 BNF : cb119530269 ( data ) GND : 2015967 - 5 LCCN : n81079448 NKC : kn20030210026 NLA : 35216693 SUDOC : 027505367 VIAF : 157752731 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yalta_Conference&oldid=850062333 '' Categories : World War II conferences Allied occupation of Europe Crimea in World War II Soviet Union -- United Kingdom relations Joseph Stalin Winston Churchill Soviet Union -- United States diplomatic conferences Diplomatic conferences in the Soviet Union Poland -- United Kingdom relations 1945 conferences Multilateral relations of Russia 1945 in international relations 1945 in Russia British Empire in World War II United Kingdom in World War II February 1945 events Yalta Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from June 2011 Articles needing additional references from February 2011 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010 All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February 2018 Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latviešu Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar മലയാളം مصرى Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Walon 吴语 粵語 中文 60 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 July 2018, at 10 : 13 ( UTC ). 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Question: what was the purpose of the yalta and potsdam conferences
Answer: to shape a post-war peace that represented not just a collective security order but a plan to give self-determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi Europe