Central Legislative Assembly - Wikipedia Central Legislative Assembly The circular Parliament Building ( Sansad Bhavan ) in New Delhi, home of the Central Legislative Assembly The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. It was created by the Government of India Act 1919, implementing the Montagu -- Chelmsford Reforms. It was also sometimes called the Indian Legislative Assembly and the Imperial Legislative Assembly. The Council of States was the upper house of the legislature for India. As a result of Indian independence, the Legislative Assembly was dissolved on 14 August 1947 and its place taken by the Constituent Assembly of India and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. Contents 1 Composition 1.1 Nominated Members 1.1. 1 Officials 1.1. 2 Non-Officials 1.2 Elected Members 2 Inauguration 3 Elections 4 Important events 5 Presidents of the Assembly 6 Notable members 7 Dissolution 8 See also 9 References Composition The new Assembly was the lower house of a bicameral parliament, with a new Council of State as the upper house, reviewing legislation passed by the Assembly. However, both its powers and its electorate were limited. The Assembly had 145 members who were either nominated or indirectly elected from the provinces. Nominated members The nominated members were officials or non-officials and nominated by the Government of India and the provinces Officials There were a total of 26 nominated officials out of which 14 were nominated by the Government of India from the Viceroy 's Executive Council, Council of State and from the Secretariat. The other 12 came from the provinces. Madras, Bombay and Bengal nominated two officials while United Provinces, Punjab, Bihar & Orissa, Central Provinces, Assam and Burma nominated one each. Non-officials There were a total of 15 nominated non-officials out of which 5 were nominated by the Government of India representing five special interests namely Associated Chambers of Commerce, Indian Christians, Labour interests, Anglo - Indians and the Depressed Classes. The other 10 non-officials were nominated from the provinces namely two from Bengal, United Provinces and Punjab and one each from Bombay, Bihar & Orissa, Berar and the North West Frontier Province. Elected members Initially, of its 142 members, 101 were elected and 41 were nominated. Of the 101 elected members, 52 came from general constituencies, 29 were elected by Muslims, 2 by Sikhs, 7 by Europeans, 7 by landlords, and 4 by business men. Later, one seat each was added for Delhi, Ajmer - Merwara and the North West Frontier Province. The constituencies were divided as follows : Province Seats Names of Constituencies Assam General ( 2 ) : Assam Valley, Surma Valley with Shillong Muslim : Assam Muhammadan Assam European Bengal 16 General ( 6 ) : Calcutta Urban ( 1 ), Calcutta suburbs ( Hoogly, Haorah, 24 Pargana Dist Municipal ) ( 1 ), Calcutta Rural, Presidency Division ( 1 ), Burdwan Division ( excluding Hoogly and Howrah Dist ) ( 1 ), Dacca Division ( 1 ), Chittagong Rajshahi Division ( 1 ) Muslim ( 5 ) : Calcutta and suburbs ( Hoogly, Haorah, 24 Pargana Dist ) ( 1 ), Burdwan and Calcutta Presidency Division ( 1 ), Dacca Division ( 1 ), Chittagong Division ( 1 ), Rajshahi Division ( 1 ) Europeans in Bengal Presidency ( 2 ) Landholders Bengal ( 1 ) Commerce ( 2 ) : Indian Chambers of Commerce ( 1 ), Rotation : Bengal Chambers of Commerce or Marwari Association or Bengal Mahajan Sabha ( 1 ) Bihar and Orissa 12 General ( 8 ) : Tirhut Division ( 2 ), Orissa ( 2 ), Patna with Shahabad ( 1 ), Gaya with Monghyr ( 1 ), Bhagalpur Purnea and the Santhal Parganas ( 1 ), Chota Nagpur Division ( 1 ) Muslim ( 3 ) : Patna and Chota Nagpur cum Orissa ( 1 ), Bhagalpur Division ( 1 ), Tirhut Division ( 1 ) Bihar and Orissa Landholders ( 1 ) Bombay 16 General ( 8 ) : Bombay City Urban ( 2 ), Sind ( 1 ), Northern Division ( 2 ), Southern Division ( 1 ), Central ( 2 ) Muslim ( 4 ) : Bombay City Urban ( 1 ), Sind Urban ( 1 ), Sind Rural in rotation with Northern Division ( 1 ), Central Division in rotation with Southern Division ( 1 ) Europeans in Presidency ( 1 ) Commerce ( 2 ) Indian Merchants Chamber ( 1 ), The Bombay Millowners ' Association or The Ahmedabad Millowners ' Association ( 1 ) Landholders Rotation ( 1 ) : Sind Jagirdars & Zamindars or Gujarat & Deccan Sardars & Inamdars Burma General ( 3 ) European ( 1 ) Central Provinces 5 General ( 3 ) : Nagpur Division ( 1 ), Central Provinces Hindi Division ( The Narmada, Jabalpur and Chhattisgarh Divisions ) ( 2 ) Muslim ( 1 ) Landholders ( 1 ) Madras 16 General ( 11 ) : Madras City Urban ( 1 ), Madras Districts Rural ( 1 ), Ganjam cum Vizagapatnam ( 1 ), Godavari cum Krishna ( 1 ), Guntur cum Nellore ( 1 ), Chittoor cum Ceded Dists ( Anantpur, Bellary, Cuddapah, Kurnool ) ( 1 ), Salem, Coimbatore cum North Arcot ( 1 ), Chingleput cum South Arcot ( 1 ), Tanjore cum Trichinopoly ( 1 ), Madurai, Ramnad cum Tinnevelly ( 1 ), Nilgiris and West Coast ( Malabar, Anjengo, S. Canara ) ( 1 ) Muslim ( 3 ) : North Madras ( Ganjam, Vizgapatam, Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Nellore, Anantapur, Bellary, Cuddapah, Kurnool and Chittoor ) ( 1 ), South Madras ( Chingleput, Madras, Arcot, North & South Coimbatore, Tanjore, Trichinopoly, Madurai ) ( 1 ), Nilgiris and W. Coast ( Malabar, S. Canara ) ( 1 ) Europeans in Presidency ( 1 ) Landholders in Presidency ( 1 ) Punjab 12 General ( 3 ) : Ambala Division ( 1 ), Jullundur Division ( 1 ), West Punjab ( Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan ) Division ( 1 ) Muslim ( 6 ) : East Punjab ( Ambala, Kangra, Hoshiarpur, Jullunder, Ludhiana ) ( 1 ), East Central Punjab ( Ferozepur, Lahore, Amritsar and Gurdaspur ) ( 1 ), West Central Punjab ( Sialkot, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Lyallpur ) ( 1 ), North Punjab ( Gujrat, Jhelum and Rawalpindi ) ( 1 ), North - West Punjab ( Attock, Mianwali, Shahpur and Jhang ) ( 1 ), South - West Punjab ( Multan, Montgomery, Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan ) ( 1 ) Sikh ( 2 ) : East Punjab ( Ambala and Jullundur Division ) ( 1 ), West Punjab ( Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan ) ( 1 ) Punjab Landholders ( 1 ) United Provinces 16 General ( 8 ) Cities of UP ( Agra, Meerut, Cawnpore, Benares, Allahabad, Bareilly, Lucknow ) ( 1 ), Meerut Division ( excluding Municipality and Cantonment ) ( 1 ), Agra Division ( 1 ), Rohilkhand and Kumaon Division ( 1 ), Allahabad Jhansi Division ( 1 ), Benares Gorakhpur Division ( 1 ), Lucknow Division ( 1 ), Faizabad Division ( 1 ) Muslim ( 6 ) : Cities of U.P ( 1 ), Meerut Division ( 1 ), Agra ( 1 ), Rohilkhand and Kumaon Division ( 1 ), Lucknow and Faizabad ( 1 ), Southern Division ( Allahabad, Benares, Gorakhpur ) ( 1 ) European U.P. ( 1 ) Landholders UP ( 1 ) The Government of India Act 1935 introduced further reforms. The Assembly continued as the lower chamber of a central Indian parliament based in Delhi, with two chambers, both containing elected and appointed members. The Assembly increased in size to 250 seats for members elected by the constituencies of British India, plus a further 125 seats for the Indian Princely states. However, elections for the reformed legislature never took place. Inauguration The Central Legislative Assembly met in the Council Hall and later to the Viceregal Lodge in Old Delhi both of which are now located in Delhi University. A new `` Council House '' was conceived in 1919 as the seat of the future Legislative Assembly, the Council of State, and the Chamber of Princes. The foundation stone was laid on 12 February 1921 and the building was opened on 18 January 1927 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy and Governor - General. The Council House later changed its name to Parliament House, or Sansad Bhavan, and is the present - day home of the Parliament of India. The Assembly, the Council of State, and the Chamber of Princes were officially opened in 1921 by King George V 's uncle, the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Elections The first elections to the new legislatures took place in November 1920 and proved to be the first significant contest between the Moderates and the Non-cooperation movement, whose aim was for the elections to fail. The Non-cooperators were at least partly successful in this, as out of almost a million electors for the Assembly, only some 182,000 voted. Main article : Indian general election, 1920 After the withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement, a group within the Indian National Congress formed the Swaraj Party and contested the elections in 1923 and 1926. The Swaraj Party led by Motilal Nehru as the leader of the Opposition was able to secure the defeat, or at least the delay, of finance bills and other legislation. However, after 1926, the members of the Swaraj Party either joined the government or returned to the Congress which continued its boycott of the legislature during the Civil Disobedience Movement. Main article : Indian general election, 1923 Main article : Indian general election, 1926 Main article : Indian general election, 1930 In 1934, the Congress ended its boycott of the legislatures and contested the elections to the fifth Central Legislative Assembly held that year. Main article : Indian general election, 1934 The last elections to the assembly were held in 1945. Main article : Indian general election, 1945 The electorate of the Assembly was never more than a very small fraction of the population of India. In the British House of Commons on 10 November 1942, the Labour MP Seymour Cocks asked the Secretary of State for India Leo Amery `` What is the electorate for the present Central Legislative Assembly ? '' and received the written answer `` The total electorate for the last General Election ( 1934 ) for the Central Legislative Assembly was 1,415,892. '' Important events In March 1926, Motilal Nehru demanded a representative conference to draft a constitution conferring full Dominion status on India, to be enacted by the parliament. When this demand was rejected by the Assembly, Nehru and his colleagues walked out of the house. On 8 April 1929, the Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb into the corridors of the Assembly in order to show their discontent and frustration against the British government 's decision to enact the Trade Disputes Bill and the Public Safety Bill. The bomb explosion was followed by a shower of leaflets citing their reasons and ideology behind the act and few gunshots in the air, shouting `` Inquilab Zindabad ! '' ( `` Long Live the Revolution ! '' ). A few members were injured such as George Ernest Schuster ( the finance member of the Viceroy 's Executive Council ), Sir Bomanji A. Dalal, E. Raghavendra Rao, Shankar Rao and S.N. Roy. The revolutionaries surrendered themselves and the weapon without any resistance as per plan instead of escaping. On 12 June 1929 they were sentenced to Penal transportation for the bombing, having defended the case themselves. Due to the return of the Congress in 1934 as the main opposition, there was a sharp increase in the number of government defeats in the Assembly. In a British House of Commons debate on 4 April 1935, the Secretary of State for India, Samuel Hoare, stated that `` The number of divisions in the Legislative Assembly since the recent elections and up to the 25th March in which Government have been successful is five. The number of adverse divisions in the same period is seventeen. '' Henry Page Croft then asked `` Can the right hon. Gentleman say whether the Government would have been successful on any occasion without the support of the nominated members ? '' Hoare replied `` I could not answer that question without looking into the figures, but in any case I see no reason to differentiate between one class of member and another. '' In 1936 during the Arab revolt in Palestine, Indian troops were sent there. In the Assembly, the Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, disallowed all questions and resolutions which asked him to express the concern of Indian Muslims about the position of Arabs in Palestine. On 27 February 1942, during the Second World War, the Assembly held a secret session to discuss the war situation. Presidents of the Assembly The presiding officer ( or speaker ) of the Assembly was called the President. While the Government of India Act 1919 provided for the President to be elected, it made an exception in the case of the first President, who was to be appointed by the Government. The Governor - General appointed Frederick Whyte, a former Liberal member of the British House of Commons who had been a parliamentary private secretary to Winston Churchill. Sachchidananda Sinha was the Deputy President of Assembly in 1921. Ganesh Vasudev Mavlankar was the last President of the Assembly till the Assembly came to an end on 14 August 1947. He became the first Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of India, and in 1952 the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. No Image President Tenure Frederick Whyte 3 February 1921 -- 23 August 1925 Vithalbhai Patel 24 August 1925 -- April 1930 Sir Muhammad Yakub 9 July 1930 -- 31 July 1931 Ibrahim Rahimtoola 17 January 1931 -- 7 March 1933 5 R.K. Shanmukham Chetty 14 March 1933 -- 31 December 1934 6 Sir Abdur Rahim 24 January 1935 -- 1 October 1945 7 Ganesh Vasudev Mavlankar 24 January 1946 -- 14 August 1947 No Image Deputy President Tenure Sachchidananda Sinha February 1921 -- September 1921 Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy September 1921 -- 1923 T. Rangachari February 1924 -- 1926 Sir Muhammad Yakub January 1927 -- 1930 5 Hari Singh Gour July 1930 6 R.K. Shanmukham Chetty January 1931 -- March 1933 7 Abdul Matin Chaudhury March 1933 -- 1934 8 Akhil Chandra Datta February 1934 -- 1945 9 Muhammad Yamin Khan February 1946 -- 1947 Notable members Labour Interests : N.M. Joshi Depressed Classes : M.C. Rajah Bihar & Orissa : Madhusudan Das, Sachchidananda Sinha, Nilakantha Das, Anugrah Narayan Sinha Bengal : Khwaja Habibullah, Kshitish Chandra Neogy, Satyendra Chandra Mitra, Abdullah Al - Mamun Suhrawardy, Amarendra Chatterjee Bombay : Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, Seth Harchandrai Vishandas, Vithalbhai Patel, N.C. Kelkar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Kasturbhai Lalbhai, M.R. Jayakar, Wahid Baksh Bhutto, Sir Jehangir Cowasji, Bhulabhai Desai, Abdullah Haroon, Homi Mody, Keshavrao Jedhe, Narhar Vishnu Gadgil Central Provinces & Berar : Hari Singh Gour, Seth Govind Das, B.S. Moonje, M.S. Aney, Narayan Bhaskar Khare, Barrister Ramrao Deshmukh, Rao bahadur Dinkarrao Rajurkar Delhi : Asaf Ali Madras : T.V. Seshagiri Iyer, P.S. Kumaraswamy Raja, P.S. Sivaswami Iyer, Muhammad Habibullah, T. Rangachari, R.K. Shanmukham Chetty, A. Rangaswami Iyengar, M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar, S. Srinivasa Iyengar, Tanguturi Prakasam, Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar, V.V. Giri, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, S. Satyamurti, N.G. Ranga, Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao, Addepally Satyanarayana Murthy, T.S. Avinashilingam Chettiar, C.N. Muthuranga Mudaliar, T.S.S. Rajan, Sami Venkatachalam Chetty, Ramakrishna Ranga Rao of Bobbili, Kasturiranga Santhanam NWFP : Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan Punjab : Lala Lajpat Rai, Mian Sir Muhammad Shah Nawaz, Bhai Parmanand United Provinces : Motilal Nehru, Madan Mohan Malaviya, C.S. Ranga Iyer, H.N. Kunzru, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Bhagwan Das, Govind Ballabh Pant, Sri Prakasa, Muhammad Yamin Khan, Mohammad Ismail Khan, Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Dissolution As per the Indian Independence Act 1947, the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States ceased to exist and the Constituent Assembly of India became the central legislature of India. See also Viceroy 's Executive Council Council of State ( India ) Imperial Legislative Council Interim Government of India References Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 1974, vol. 9 Macropaedia Hu - Iv, p. 417 Jump up ^ Hector Bolitho, Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan ( Oxford University Press, 2006 ), p. 81 Jump up ^ Report of the Indian Statutory Commission. p. 168. Jump up ^ Rāmacandra Kshīrasāgara, Dalit Movement in India and its Leaders, 1857 -- 1956, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1994, p. 142 Jump up ^ http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=110 Jump up ^ Mira, H.N. The Govt Of India Act 1919 Rules Thereunder And Govt Reports 1920. Jump up ^ Iyengar, A.S. Role of Press and Indian Freedom Struggle. p. 26. Jump up ^ http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/du-plans-heritage-tour-light-and-sound-show-at-viceregal-lodge/1017254/ Jump up ^ John F. Riddick ( 2006 ) The History of British India : a Chronology, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 181 Jump up ^ Archival Photos of Parliament House at rajyasabha.nic.in Jump up ^ Arthur, Prince, first duke of Connaught and Strathearn in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( 2004 ) Jump up ^ John Coatman, India, the Road to Self - Government ( George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, 1942 ) full text online Jump up ^ Varahagiri Venkata Giri, My Life and Times ( Macmillan Co. of India, 1976 ), p. 97 Jump up ^ Central Legislative Assembly ( Electorate ) at hansard.millbanksystems.com Jump up ^ Jawharlal Nehru, Jawharlal Nehru : an autobiography, with musings on recent events in India ( 1936 ) Jump up ^ `` Bombs Thrown Into Assembly ''. Evening Tribune. 8 April 1930. Retrieved 29 August 2013. Jump up ^ `` TWO BOMBS THROWN ''. The Examiner ( DAILY ed. ). Launceston, Tasmania. 10 April 1929. p. 4. Retrieved 29 August 2013 -- via National Library of Australia. Jump up ^ Bhagat Singh remembered -- Daily Times of Pakistan Jump up ^ HC Deb 04 April 1935 vol 300 c534 at hansard.millbanksystems.com Jump up ^ Joan G. Roland, The Jewish Communities of India : identity in a colonial era ( Transaction Publishers, 1998 ), p. 197 Jump up ^ Subhash C. Kashyap. Parliamentary Procedure ( Universal Law Publishing Co, 2006 ), p. 139 Jump up ^ Ajita Ranjan Mukherjea, Parliamentary Procedure in India ( Oxford, 1983 ), p. 43 Jump up ^ Philip Laundy, The Office of Speaker in the Parliaments of the Commonwealth ( Quiller, 1984 ), p. 175 Jump up ^ he entered the Central Legislative Assembly in 1921 not only as one of its members, but ;, ' Is Deputy President also. Jump up ^ Subhash C. Kashyap, Dada Saheb Mavalankar, Father of Lok Sabha ( Published for the Lok Sabha Secretariat by the National Publishing House, 1989 ), pp. 9 -- 11 ) Jump up ^ Murry, K.C. Naga Legislative Assembly and Its Speakers. Mittal Publication. p. 20. Jump up ^ Kashyap, Subhash ( 1994 ). History of the Parliament of India. Jump up ^ Rajya Sabha Past Members ' Bio-Data http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/d.pdf Jump up ^ The Hindu dated 15 February 1952, New Lieutenant - Governors online Jump up ^ Paul R. Brass, Kidwai, Rafi Ahmad ( 1894 -- 1954 ), politician in India in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( 2004 ) hide Legislatures of India British Raj Council of India Imperial Legislative Council Council of State Central Legislative Assembly Chamber of Princes Constituent Assembly of India Sansad Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Vidhan Sabha Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Vidhan Parishad Andhra Pradesh Bihar Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Maharashtra Telangana Uttar Pradesh Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Legislative_Assembly&oldid=848942886 '' Categories : National lower houses Political history of India History of Pakistan History of Myanmar Central Legislative Assembly of India Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from June 2013 Use Indian English from June 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Bahasa Indonesia தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 5 July 2018, at 11 : 42 ( UTC ). 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Question: who was elected president of central legislative assembly in 1925
Answer: Vithalbhai Patel