United Nations Human Rights Council - Wikipedia United Nations Human Rights Council Not to be confused with United Nations Human Rights Committee, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, or Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. `` UNHRC '' redirects here. It is not to be confused with UNHCR, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Parts of this article ( those related to Thematic mandate - holders ) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( October 2017 ) This article may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. ( April 2017 ) United Nations Human Rights Council Logo of the United Nations Human Rights Council Abbreviation UNHRC Formation 2006 Type United Nations System inter-governmental body Head Vojislav Šuc, Council President Parent organization United Nations General Assembly Website ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/hrc/pages/hrcindex.aspx `` All victims of human rights abuses should be able to look to the Human Rights Council as a forum and a springboard for action. '' - Ban Ki - moon, UN Secretary - General, 2007 The Human Rights and Alliance of Civilizations Room is the meeting room of the United Nations Human Rights Council, in the Palace of Nations in Geneva. The United Nations Human Rights Council ( UNHRC ) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world. The UNHRC has 47 members elected for staggered three - year terms on a regional group basis. The 38th session of the UNHRC began June 18, 2018. It ended on July 7, 2018. The headquarters of UNHRC is in Geneva, Switzerland. The UNHRC investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states, and addresses important thematic human rights issues such as freedom of association and assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of belief and religion, women 's rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities. The UNHRC was established by the UN General Assembly on March 15, 2006 ( by resolution A / RES / 60 / 251 ) to replace the UN Commission on Human Rights ( UNCHR, herein CHR ) that had been strongly criticised for allowing countries with poor human rights records to be members. UN Secretaries General Kofi Annan and Ban Ki - moon, former president of the council Doru Costea, the European Union, Canada, and the United States have accused the UNHRC of focusing disproportionately on the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict, and many allege an anti-Israel bias - the Council has resolved more resolutions condemning Israel than the rest of the world combined. The UNHRC works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR ) and engages the UN 's special procedures. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Sessions 1.2 Members 1.3 Presidents 1.4 Directly responsible subsidiary bodies 1.4. 1 Universal Periodic Review Working Group 1.4. 2 Advisory Committee 1.4. 3 Complaints procedure 1.4. 4 Other subsidiary bodies 1.5 Special procedures 1.5. 1 Special procedures mandate - holders 1.5. 1.1 Thematic mandate - holders 1.5. 1.2 Country - specific mandate holders 1.5. 2 International response to election of Richard Falk as the Special Rapporteur on the `` Occupied Palestinian Territories '' 1.5. 3 Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression 2 Specific issues 2.1 Israel 2.1. 1 Overview 2.1. 1.1 UN Secretaries General 2.1. 1.2 United States and UNHRC President 2.1. 1.3 Netherlands 2.1. 2 2006 Lebanon conflict 2.1. 3 January 2008 decree 2.1. 4 Gaza report 2.1. 5 March 2011 controversy 2.1. 6 The hosting of a Hamas member controversy 2.1. 7 March 2012 criticism 2.2 `` Defamation of religion '' 2.3 Climate change 2.4 Eritrea report 3 Candidacy issues 3.1 Syria 3.2 Sudan and Ethiopia 3.3 Saudi Arabia 4 Country positions 4.1 Sri Lanka 4.2 United States 5 Criticism 5.1 Agenda Item 7 5.2 Bloc voting 5.3 Accountability program 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Structure The members of the General Assembly elect the members who occupy the UNHRC 's 47 seats. The term of each seat is three years, and no member may occupy a seat for more than two consecutive terms. The seats are distributed among the UN 's regional groups as follows : 13 for Africa, 13 for Asia, six for Eastern Europe, eight for Latin America and the Caribbean ( GRULAC ), and seven for the Western European and Others Group ( WEOG ). The previous CHR had a membership of 53 elected by the Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC ) through a majority of those present and voting. The General Assembly can suspend the rights and privileges of any Council member that it decides has persistently committed gross and systematic violations of human rights during its term of membership. The suspension process requires a two - thirds majority vote by the General Assembly. The resolution establishing the UNHRC states that `` when electing members of the Council, Member States shall take into account the contribution of candidates to the promotion and protection of human rights and their voluntary pledges and commitments made thereto '', and that `` members elected to the Council shall uphold the highest standards in the promotion and protection of human rights ''. Sessions The UNHRC holds regular sessions three times a year, in March, June, and September. The UNHRC can decide at any time to hold a special session to address human rights violations and emergencies, at the request of one - third of the member states. To date there have been 28 special sessions. Members See also : List of members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights The UNHRC has 47 members, selected each year by the UN General Assembly for staggered three - year terms on a regional group basis. No member may occupy a seat for more than two consecutive three - year terms. The seats are distributed among the UN 's regional groups as follows : 13 for Africa, 13 for Asia, six for Eastern Europe, eight for Latin America and the Caribbean ( GRULAC ), and seven for the Western European and Others Group ( WEOG ). Current Terms African States ( 13 ) Asian States ( 13 ) Eastern European States ( 6 ) Latin American & Caribbean States ( 8 ) Western European & Other States ( 7 ) 2017 -- 20 Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo Nigeria Senegal Afghanistan Nepal Pakistan Qatar Slovakia Ukraine Chile Mexico Peru Australia Spain 2016 -- 19 Egypt Rwanda Tunisia South Africa China Iraq Japan Saudi Arabia Croatia Hungary Brazil Cuba United Kingdom Iceland * 2015 -- 18 Burundi Ivory Coast Ethiopia Kenya Togo South Korea Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Philippines United Arab Emirates Georgia Slovenia Ecuador Panama Venezuela Belgium Germany Switzerland * The United States was a member of the 2016 - 19 group, but left prematurely in June 2018. Its seat has been taken by Iceland as from July 13, 2018. Previous Terms African States Asian States Eastern European States Latin American & Caribbean States Western European & Other States 2014 -- 17 Botswana Republic of the Congo Ghana Nigeria Bangladesh India Indonesia Qatar Albania Latvia Bolivia El Salvador Paraguay Netherlands Portugal 2013 -- 16 Algeria Morocco Namibia South Africa China Maldives Saudi Arabia Vietnam Macedonia Russia Cuba Mexico France United Kingdom 2012 -- 15 Ethiopia Ivory Coast Gabon Kenya Sierra Leone Japan Kazakhstan Pakistan South Korea United Arab Emirates Estonia Montenegro Argentina Brazil Venezuela Germany Ireland United States 2011 -- 14 Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Republic of the Congo India Indonesia Kuwait Philippines Romania Czech Republic Chile Costa Rica Peru Italy Austria 2010 -- 13 Angola Libya Mauritania Uganda Qatar Malaysia Maldives Thailand Moldova Poland Ecuador Guatemala Switzerland Spain 2009 -- 12 Djibouti Cameroon Mauritius Nigeria Senegal Bangladesh China Jordan Kyrgyzstan Saudi Arabia Russia Hungary Cuba Mexico Uruguay Belgium Norway United States 2008 -- 11 Burkina Faso Gabon Ghana Zambia Bahrain Japan Pakistan South Korea Slovakia Ukraine Argentina Brazil Chile France United Kingdom 2007 -- 10 Egypt Angola Madagascar South Africa India Indonesia Qatar Philippines Bosnia and Herzegovina Slovenia Bolivia Nicaragua Netherlands Italy 2006 -- 09 Djibouti Cameroon Mauritius Nigeria Senegal Bangladesh China Jordan Malaysia Saudi Arabia Azerbaijan Russia Cuba Mexico Uruguay Germany Canada Switzerland 2006 -- 08 Gabon Ghana Mali Zambia Japan Pakistan Sri Lanka South Korea Romania Ukraine Brazil Guatemala Peru France United Kingdom 2006 / 07 Algeria Morocco South Africa Tunisia Bahrain India Indonesia Philippines Poland Czech Republic Argentina Ecuador Finland Netherlands The first election of members was held on May 9, 2006. Their terms of office began on June 19, 2006. On May 19, it was announced that Mexico would serve as the Council 's chair during its first year of existence. 2010 Group The replacement for the 2007 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on May 17, 2007, known as the 2010 Group, the year when their terms expire. In this election, Angola and Egypt were elected to the council, whereas Belarus was rejected. 2011 Group : The replacement for the 2008 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on May 21, 2008, known as the 2011 Group, the year when their terms expire. 2012 Group : The replacement for the 2009 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on May 12, 2009, known as the 2012 Group, the year when their terms expire. 2013 Group : The replacement for the 2010 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on May 13, 2010, known as the 2013 Group, the year when their terms expire. 2014 Group : The replacement for the 2011 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on May 20, 2011, known as the 2014 Group, the year when their terms expire. 2015 Group : The replacement for the 2012 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on November 12, 2012, known as the 2015 Group, the year when their terms expire. 2016 Group : The replacement for the 2013 Group was duly elected by the General Assembly on November 12, 2013, known as the 2016 Group, the year when their terms expire. Presidents Nr Name Country Time 12 Mr Vojislav Šuc Slovenia 1 January 2018 - present 11 Mr Joaquín Alexander Maza Martelli El Salvador 1 January 2017 - 31 December 2017 10 Mr Choi Kyong - lim South Korea 1 January 2016 - 31 December 2016 9 Mr Joachim Rücker Germany 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2015 8 Mr Baudelaire Ndong Ella Gabon 1 January 2014 -- 31 December 2014 7 Mr Remigiusz Henczel Poland 1 January 2013 -- 31 December 2013 6 Ms Laura Dupuy Lasserre Uruguay 19 June 2011 -- 31 December 2012 5 Mr Sihasak Phuangketkeow Thailand 19 June 2010 -- 18 June 2011 Mr Alex Van Meeuwen Belgium 19 June 2009 -- 18 June 2010 Mr Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi Nigeria 19 June 2008 -- 18 June 2009 Ms vasudha arora Romania 19 June 2007 -- 18 June 2008 Mr Luis Alfonso de Alba Mexico 19 June 2006 -- 18 June 2007 Directly responsible subsidiary bodies Universal Periodic review Working Group Main article : Universal Periodic Review An important component of the Council consists in a periodic review of all 193 UN member states, called the Universal Periodic Review ( UPR ). The new mechanism is based on reports coming from different sources, one of them being contributions from NGOs. Each country 's situation will be examined during a three - and - a-half - hour debate. The first cycle of the UPR took place between 2008 and 2012, and the second cycle of reviews started in 2012 and is expected to be completed in 2016. The General Assembly resolution establishing the Council, provided that `` the Council shall review its work and functioning five years after its establishment ''. The main work of the review was undertaken in an Intergovernmental Working Group established by the Council in its Resolution 12 / 1 of October 1, 2009 The review was finalized in March 2011, by the adoption of an `` Outcome '' at the Council 's sixteenth session, annexed to Resolution 16 / 21. First cycle : The following terms and procedures were set out in General Assembly Resolution 60 / 251 : Reviews are to occur over a four - year period ( 48 countries per year ). Accordingly, the 192 countries that are members of the United Nations shall normally all have such a Review between 2008 and 2011 ; The order of review should follow the principles of universality and equal treatment ; All Member States of the Council will be reviewed while they sit at the Council and the initial members of the Council will be first ; The selection of the countries to be reviewed must respect the principle of equitable geographical allocation ; The first Member States and the first observatory States to be examined will be selected randomly in each regional group in order to guarantee full compliance with the equitable geographical allocation. Reviews shall then be conducted alphabetically. Second cycle : HRC Resolution 16 / 21 brought the following changes : Reviews are to occur over a four - and - a-half - year period ( 42 countries per year ). Accordingly, the 193 countries that are members of the United Nations shall normally all have such a Review between 2012 and 2016 ; The order of review will be similar to the 1st cycle ; The length of each Review will be extended from three to three - and - a-half hours ; The second and subsequent cycles of the review should focus on, inter alia, the implementation of the recommendations. Similar mechanisms exist in other organizations : International Atomic Energy Agency, Council of Europe, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States, International Labour Bureau and the World Trade Organization. Except for the tri-annual reports on development of human rights policies, that Member States have to submit to the Secretary General since 1956, the Human Rights Council UPR procedure constitutes a first in the area. It marks the end of the discrimination that had plagued the work of the Human Rights Commission and had caused it to be harshly criticised. Finally, this mechanism demonstrates and confirms the universal nature of human rights. Advisory Committee The Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights was the main subsidiary body of the CHR. The Sub-Commission was composed of 26 elected human rights experts whose mandate was to conduct studies on discriminatory practices and to make recommendations to ensure that racial, national, religious, and linguistic minorities are protected by law. In 2006 the newly created UNHRC assumed responsibility for the Sub-Commission. The Sub-Commission's mandate was extended for one year ( to June 2007 ), but it met for the final time in August 2006. At its final meeting, the Sub-Commission recommended the creation of a Human Rights Consultative Committee to provide advice to the UNHRC. In September 2007, the UNHRC decided to create an Advisory Committee to provide expert advice with 18 members, distributed as follows : five from African states ; five from Asian states ; three from Latin American and Caribbean states ; three from Western European and other states ; and two members from Eastern European states. Complaints procedure The UNHRC complaint procedure was established on June 18, 2007 ( by UNHRC Resolution 5 / 1 ) for reporting of consistent patterns of gross and reliably attested violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world and under any circumstances. This article contains close paraphrasing of a non-free copyrighted source, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/ComplaintProcedure/Pages/WGCommunications.aspx ( Duplication Detector report ). Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Ideas in this article should be expressed in an original manner. ( April 2017 ) The UNHRC has set up two working groups for its Complaint Procedure : the Working Group on Communications ( WGC ) - consists of five experts designated by the Advisory Committee from among its members, one from each regional group. The experts serve for three years with the possibility of one renewal. The experts determine whether a complaint deserves investigation, in which case it is passed to the WGS. the Working Group on Situations ( WGS ) - has five members, appointed by the regional groups from among its members on the Council for one year, which is renewable once. The WGS meets twice a year for five working days to examine the communications transferred to it by the WGC, including the replies of states thereon, as well as the situations which are already before the UNHRC under the complaint procedure. The WGS, on the basis of the information and recommendations provided by the WGC, presents the UNHRC with a report on consistent patterns of gross and reliably attested violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms and makes recommendations to the UNHRC on the course of actions to take. Filing a complaint The Chairman of the WGC screens complaints for admissibility. A complaint must be in writing, and can not be anonymous. Examples provided by the UNHRC of cases that would be considered consistent patterns of gross human rights violations include alleged deterioration of human rights of people belonging to a minority, including forced evictions, racial segregation and substandard living conditions, alleged degrading situation of prison conditions for both detainees and prison workers, resulting in violence and death of inmates. Individuals, groups or non-governmental organizations can claim to be victims of humans rights violations or that have direct, reliable knowledge of such violations. Complaints by a single victim of a single incident that alleges violation of their human rights will not be accepted. Complaints can be regarding any state, regardless of whether it has ratified a particular treaty. Complaints are confidential and the UNHRC will only communicate with the complainant, unless it decides that the complaint will be addressed publicly. The interaction with the complainant and the UNHRC during the complaints procedure will be on an as needed basis. UNHRC Resolution 5 / 1, paragraph 86, emphasizes that the procedure is victims - oriented. Paragraph 106 provides that the complaint procedure shall ensure that complainants are informed of the proceedings at the key stages. The WGC may request further information from complainants or a third party. This article contains close paraphrasing of a non-free copyrighted source, http://co-guide.info/mechanism/human-rights-council-complaint-procedure ( Duplication Detector report ). Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Ideas in this article should be expressed in an original manner. ( April 2017 ) Following the initial screening a request for information will be sent to the state concerned, which shall reply within three months of the request being made. WGS will then report to the UNHRC, which will usually be in the form of a draft resolution or decision on the situation referred to in the complaint. The UNHRC will decide on the measures to take in a confidential manner as needed, but this will occur at least once a year. As a general rule, the period of time between the transmission of the complaint to the state concerned and consideration by the UNHRC shall not exceed 24 months. Those individuals or groups who make a complaint should not publicly state the fact that they have submitted a complaint. To be accepted complaints must : be in writing and has to be submitted in one of the six UN official languages ( Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish ). contain a description of the relevant facts ( including names of alleged victims, dates, location and other evidence ), with as much detail as possible, and shall not exceed 15 pages. not be manifestly politically motivated. not be exclusively based on reports disseminated by mass media. not be already dealt with by a special procedure, a treaty body or other United Nations or similar regional complaints procedure in the field of human rights. be after domestic remedies have been exhausted, unless it appears that such remedies would be ineffective or unreasonably prolonged. not use a language that is abusive or insulting. The complaint procedure is not designed to provide remedies in individual cases or to provide compensation to alleged victims. Effectiveness Due to the confidential manner of the procedure, it is almost impossible to find out what complaints have passed through the procedure and also how effective the procedure is. There is a principle of non-duplication, which means that the complaint procedure can not take up the consideration of a case that is already being dealt with by a special procedure, a treaty body or other United Nations or similar regional complaints procedure in the field of human rights. On the UNHRC website under the complaints procedure section there is a list of situations referred to the UNHRC under the complaint procedure since 2006. This was only available to the public as of 2014, however generally does not give any details regarding the situations that were under consideration other than the state that was involved. In some cases the information is slightly more revealing, for example a situation that was listed was the situation of trade unions and human rights defenders in Iraq that was considered in 2012, but the UNHRC decided to discontinue that consideration. The complaints procedure has been said to be too lenient due to its confidential manner. Some have often questioned the value of the procedure, but its effectiveness should not be underestimated, 94 % of states respond to the complaints raised with them. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR ) receives between 11,000 -- 15,000 communications per year. During 2010 - 11, 1,451 out of 18,000 complaints were submitted for further action by the WGC. The UNHRC considered four complaints in their 19th session in 2012. Although the majority of the situations that have been considered have since been discontinued, the procedure should not be questioned as it still has an impact and should be continued. History shows that the procedure works almost in a petition like way ; if enough complaints are received then the UNHRC is very likely to assign a special rapporteur to the state or to the issue at hand. It has been said that an advantage of the procedure is the confidential manner, which offers the ability to engage with the state concerned through a more ( diplomatic ) process, which can produce better results than a more adversarial process of public accusation. The procedure is a useful tool to have at the disposal on the international community for situations where naming and shaming has proved ineffective. Also another advantage is that a complaint can be made against any state, regardless of whether it has ratified a particular treaty. Due to the limited information that is provided on the complaints procedure it is hard to make comments on the process itself, the resources it uses versus its effectiveness. It is likely that a lot happens behind the scenes, such as communications between the WGS and states. Other subsidiary bodies In addition to the UPR, the Complaints Procedure and the Advisory Committee, the UNHRC 's other subsidiary bodies include : Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which replaced the CHR 's Working Group on Indigenous Populations Forum on Minority Issues, established to provide a platform for promoting dialogue and cooperation on issues pertaining to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities Social Forum, established as a space for dialogue between the representatives of Member States, civil society, including grass - roots organizations, and intergovernmental organizations on issues linked with the national and international environment needed for the promotion of the enjoyment of all human rights by all. Special procedures Main article : United Nations Special Rapporteur `` Special procedures '' is the general name given to the mechanisms established by the Human Rights Council to gather expert observations and advice on human rights issues in all parts of the world. Special procedures are categorized as either thematic mandates, which focus on major phenomena of human rights abuses worldwide, or country mandates, which report on human rights situations in specific countries or territories. Special procedures can be either individuals ( called `` Special Rapporteurs '' or `` Independent Experts '' ), who are intended to be independent experts in a particular area of human rights, or working groups, usually composed of five members ( one from each UN region ). As of September 30, 2016 there were 43 thematic and 14 country mandates. The mandates of the special procedures are established and defined by the resolution creating them. Various activities can be undertaken by mandate - holders, including responding to individual complaints, conducting studies, providing advice on technical cooperation, and engaging in promotional activities. Generally the special procedures mandate - holders report to the Human Rights Council at least once a year on their findings. Special procedures mandate - holders Mandate - holders of the special procedures serve in their personal capacity, and do not receive pay for their work. The independent status of the mandate - holders is crucial in order to be able to fulfill their functions in all impartiality. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights provides staffing and logistical support to aid each mandate - holders in carrying out their work. Applicants for Special Procedures mandates are reviewed by a Consultative Group of five countries, one from each region. Following interviews by the Consultative Group, the Group provides a shortlist of candidates to the UNHRC President. Following consultations with the leadership of each regional grouping, the President presents a single candidate to be approved by the Member states of the UNHRC at the session following a new mandate 's creation or on the expiration of the term of an existing mandate holder. Country mandates must be renewed yearly by the UNHRC ; thematic mandates must be renewed every three years. Mandate - holders, whether holding a thematic or country - specific mandate, are generally limited to six years of service. The following is a list of thematic special procedures mandate - holders : Thematic mandate - holders This section 's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia 's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. ( April 2017 ) United Nations special rapporteur Adequate Housing, Ms. Leilani Farha ( Canada ) Cultural Rights, Ms. Farida Shaheed ( Pakistan ) Education, Mr. Kishore Singh ( India ) Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Mr. Christof Heyns ( South Africa ) Extreme Poverty, Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona ( Chile ) Freedom of Assembly and Association, Mr. Maina Kiai ( Kenya ) Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Mr. Frank La Rue ( Guatemala ) Freedom of Religion or Belief, Mr. Heiner Bielefeldt ( Germany ) Hazardous Substances and Waste, Mr. Călin Georgescu ( Romania ) Health, Mr. Anand Grover ( India ) Human Rights Defenders, Ms. Margaret Sekaggya ( Uganda ) Human Rights While Countering Terrorism, Mr. Ben Emmerson ( United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ) Independence of Judges and Lawyers, Ms. Gabriela Knaul ( Brazil ) Indigenous peoples, Ms. Victoria Tauli - Corpuz ( Philippines ) Internally Displaced Persons, Dr. Chaloka Beyani ( Zambia ) Migrants, Mr. François Crépeau ( Canada ) Racism, Mr. Mutuma Ruteere ( Kenya ) Right to Food, Olivier de Schutter ( Belgium ) Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, Najat Maalla M'jid ( Morocco ) Slavery, Gulnara Shahinian ( Armenia ) Torture, Mr. Juan E. Méndez ( Argentina ) Trafficking in Persons, Ms. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo ( Nigeria ) Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of non-Recurrence, Mr. Pablo de Greiff ( Colombia ) Violence Against Women, Ms. Rashida Manjoo ( South Africa ) Water, Ms. Catarina de Albuquerque ( pt ) ( Portugal ) Independent experts Democratic and Equitable International Order, Mr. Alfred de Zayas ( USA ) Environment ( TBD ) Foreign Debt, Cephas Lumina ( Zambia ) International Solidarity, Ms. Virginia B. Dandan ( Philippines ) Minority Issues, Ms. Rita Izsák ( gd ) ( Hungary ) Working groups Arbitrary Detention, Mr. El Hadji Malick Sow ( Senegal ), Ms. Shaheen Sardar Ali ( Pakistan ), Mr. Roberto Garreton ( es ) ( Chile ), Mr. Vladimir Tochilovsky ( Ukraine ), Mr. Mads Andenas ( Norway ) Discrimination Against Women in Law and Practice, Ms. Kamala Chandrakirana ( Indonesia ), Ms. Emna Aouij, ( Tunisia ), Ms. Mercedes Barquet ( Mexico ), Ms. Frances Raday ( Israel / United Kingdom ), Ms. Eleonora Zielinska ( pl ) ( Poland ) Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, Mr. Olivier de Frouville ( France ), Mr. Ariel Dulitzky ( Argentina / USA ), Ms. Jazminka Dzumhur ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ), Mr. Jeremy Sarkin ( South Africa ), Mr. Osman el - Hajje ( Lebanon ) Human Rights and Transnational Corporations, Ms. Margaret Jungk ( USA ), Mr. Michael K. Addo ( Ghana ), Ms. Alexandra Guaqueta ( Colombia / USA ), Mr. Puvan J. Selvanathan ( Malaysia ), Mr. Pavel Sulyandziga ( Russian Federation ) Mercenaries, Ms. Faiza Patel ( Pakistan ), Ms. Patricia Arias ( Chile ), Ms. Elzbieta Karska ( Poland ), Mr. Anton Katz ( South Africa ), Mr. Gabor Rona ( USA / Hungary ) Peoples of African Descent, Ms. Mirjana Najcevska ( Republic of Macedonia ), Ms. Monorama Biswas ( Bangladesh ), Ms. Mireille Fanon - Mendes - France ( fr ) ( France ), Ms. Maya Sahli ( Algeria ) and Ms. Verene Shepherd ( Jamaica ) Country - specific mandate holders Special Rapporteurs Cambodia, Dr. Rhona Smith ( UK ) ; Democratic People 's Republic of Korea, Mr. Marzuki Darusman ( Indonesia ) ; Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Mr. Richard Falk ( United States ) ; The Islamic Republic of Iran, Mr. Ahmed Shaheed ( Maldives ) ; Myanmar, Mr. Thomas Ojea Quintana ( Argentina ) ; Syria, Mr. Paulo Sergio Pinheiro ( Brazil -- to begin once Commission of Inquiry Ends ) Independent Experts Côte d'Ivoire, Mr. Doudou Diene ( Senegal ) ; Haiti, Mr. Michel Forst ( France ) ; Somalia, Mr. Shamsul Bari ( Bangladesh ) ; Sudan, Mr. Mashood Baderin ( Nigeria ) International response to election of Richard Falk as the Special Rapporteur on the `` Occupied Palestinian territories '' According to a UN press release, then Israeli Ambassador to the United Nations Itzhak Levanon strongly criticized the appointment stating that Falk had written in an article that it was not `` an irresponsible overstatement to associate the treatment of Palestinians with the criminalized Nazi record of collective atrocity, '' arguing that `` someone who had publicly and repeatedly stated such views could not possibly be considered independent, impartial or objective ''. According to The Jewish Daily Forward Falk said : `` Is it an irresponsible overstatement to associate the treatment of Palestinians with this criminalized Nazi record of collective atrocity ? I think not. '' Levanon further stated, `` He has taken part in a UN fact - finding mission which determined that suicide bombings were a valid method of ' struggle '. He has disturbingly charged Israel with ' genocidal tendencies, ' and accused it of trying to achieve security through ' state terrorism '. Someone who has publicly and repeatedly stated such views can not possibly be considered independent, impartial or objective. '' The Israeli government announced it would deny Falk a visa to Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, at least until the September 2008 meeting of the Human Rights Council. UN permanent ambassador Itzhak Levanon ( Israel ) said `` that as the list of candidates for Special procedures mandate holders was put forward today, ( he ) was overwhelmed at the profound sense of lost opportunity. The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian Territories was hopelessly unbalanced. This mandate was redundant at best and malicious at worst. It was impossible to believe that out of a list of 184 potential candidates, the eminently wise members of the Consultative Group honestly had made the best possible choice for this post. '' Warran Tichenor ( United States ) said, `` that the Special procedures, including country mandates, allowed the Human Rights Council an opportunity to view, monitor and help certain countries develop and improve their human rights situations. The United States respected the integrity of the procedure to elect candidates but expressed its concern on the mandate holder selected for the task of assessing the human rights situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. '' Marius Grinius of Canada said, `` that the appointment of this slate of Special procedures mandate holders marked an important milestone in the development of the Council. The Special procedures had been referred to as the crown jewels of the United Nations human rights system. The efforts which had gone into the presentation of this list were fully appreciated. Canada hoped that Members could respect the integrity of the agreed process, in which no State should have a veto over candidates. However, based on the writings of one of the candidates, the nominee for the mandate on the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Canada expressed serious concern about whether the high standards established by the Council would be met by this individual. Therefore, Canada dissociated itself from any Council decision to approve the full slate. '' Mohammad Abu - Koash, a Palestinian representative, said, `` It was ironic that Israel which claimed to be representing Jews everywhere was campaigning against a Jewish professor who had been nominated for the post of Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The candidate was the author of 54 books on international law. Palestine doubted that those who had campaigned against him had read that many books. The candidate 's nomination was a victory for good sense and human rights, as he was a highly qualified rapporteur. If Israel was concerned about human rights it would have ended its prolonged occupation. '' Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression Protest at UN against China 's re-election in the Human Rights Council An amendment to the duties of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, passed by the Human Rights Council on March 28, 2008, has given rise to sharp criticism from western countries and human rights NGOs. The additional duty is phrased thus : ( d ) To report on instances in which the abuse of the right of freedom of expression constitutes an act of racial or religious discrimination, taking into account articles 19 ( 3 ) and 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and general comment No. 15 of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which stipulates that the prohibition of the dissemination of all ideas based upon racial superiority or hatred is compatible with the freedom of opinion and expression ( quoted from p. 67 in the official draft record of the council ). The amendment was proposed by Egypt and Pakistan and passed by 27 votes to 15 against, with three abstentions with the support of other members of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, China, Russia and Cuba. As a result of the amendment over 20 of the original 53 co-sponsors of the main resolution -- to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur -- withdrew their support, although the resolution was carried by 32 votes to 0, with 15 abstentions. Inter alia the delegates from India and Canada protested that the Special Rapporteur now has as his / her duty to report not only infringements of the rights to freedom of expression, but in some cases also employment of the rights, which `` turns the special rapporteur 's mandate on its head ''. Outside the UN, the amendment was criticised by organizations including Reporters Without Borders, Index on Censorship, Human Rights Watch and the International Humanist and Ethical Union, all of whom share the view that the amendment threatens freedom of expression. In terms of the finally cast votes, this was far from the most controversial of the 36 resolutions adapted by the 7th session of the Council. The highest dissents concerned combating defamation of religions, with 21 votes for, 10 against, and 14 abstentions ( resolution 19, pp. 91 -- 97 ), and the continued severe condemnation of and appointment of a Special Rapporteur for North Korea, with votes 22 -- 7 and 18 abstentions ( resolution 15, pp. 78 -- 80 ). There were also varying degrees of dissent for most of the various reports criticising Israel ; while on the other hand a large number of resolutions were taken unanimously without voting, including the rather severe criticism of Myanmar ( resolutions 31 and 32 ), and the somewhat less severe on Sudan ( resolution 16 ). Specific issues Israel See also : Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations Overview As of 2018, Israel has been condemned in 78 resolutions by the Council since its creation in 2006 -- the Council has resolved more resolutions condemning Israel than the rest of the world combined. By April 2007, the Council had passed eleven resolutions condemning Israel, the only country which it had specifically condemned. Toward Sudan, a country with human rights abuses as documented by the Council 's working groups, it has expressed `` deep concern ''. The council voted on June 30, 2006 to make a review of alleged human rights abuses by Israel a permanent feature of every council session. The Council 's special rapporteur on the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict is its only expert mandate with no year of expiry. The resolution, which was sponsored by Organisation of the Islamic Conference, passed by a vote of 29 to 12 with five abstentions. Human Rights Watch urged it to look at international human rights and humanitarian law violations committed by Palestinian armed groups as well. Human Rights Watch called on the Council to avoid the selectivity that discredited its predecessor and urged it to hold special sessions on other urgent situations, such as that in Darfur. The Special Rapporteur on the question of Palestine to the previous UNCHR, the current UNHRC and the General Assembly was, between 2001 and 2008, John Dugard. Bayefski quotes him as saying that his mandate is to `` investigate human rights violations by Israel only, not by Palestinians ''. Dugard was replaced in 2008 with Richard Falk, who has compared Israel 's treatment of Palestinians with the Nazis ' treatment of Jews during the Holocaust. Like his predecessor, Falk 's mandate only covers Israel 's human rights record. The Palestinian Authority has informally asked Falk to resign, among other reasons due to viewing him as `` a partisan of Hamas ''. Falk disputes this and has called the reasons given `` essentially untrue ''. In July 2011, Richard Falk posted a cartoon some critics has described as anti-Semitic onto his blog. The cartoon depicted a bloodthirsty dog with the word `` USA '' on it wearing a kippah, or Jewish headcovering. In response, Falk was heavily criticized by world leaders in the United States and certain European countries. The United States called Falk 's behavior `` shameful and outrageous '' and `` an embarrassment to the United Nations '', and officially called on him to resign. Ileana Ros - Lehtinen, chairwoman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs, called on Falk to resign as well. The Anti-Defamation League described the cartoon as a `` message of hatred ''. The UN Human Rights Council was castigated by Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu for facilitating an event featuring a Hamas politician. The Hamas parliamentarian had spoken at an NGO event in the UN Geneva building. Israel 's ambassador to the United Nations Ron Prosor denounced the speech stating that Hamas was an internationally recognized terrorist organization that targeted civilians. `` Inviting a Hamas terrorist to lecture to the world about human rights is like asking Charles Manson to run the murder investigation unit at the NYPD '', he said. On July 3, 2015, UNHRC voted Resolution A / HRC / 29 / L. 35 `` ensuring accountability and justice for all violations of international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem. ''. It passed by 41 votes in favor including the eight sitting EU members ( France, Germany, Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Latvia and Estonia ), 1 against ( the US ) and 5 absentions ( India, Kenya, Ethiopia, Paraguay and Macedonia ). India precised that its abstention was due to the reference to International Criminal Court ( ICC ) in the Resolution whereas `` India is not a signatory to the Rome Statute establishing the ICC ''. UN Secretaries General In 2006, UN Secretary - General Kofi Annan argued that the Commission should not have a `` disproportionate focus on violations by Israel. Not that Israel should be given a free pass. Absolutely not. But the Council should give the same attention to grave violations committed by other states as well ''. On June 20, 2007, Secretary - General Ban Ki - moon issued a statement that read : `` The Secretary - General is disappointed at the council 's decision to single out only one specific regional item given the range and scope of allegations of human rights violations throughout the world. '' United States and UNHRC President The Council 's charter preserves the watchdog 's right to appoint special investigators for countries whose human rights records are of particular concern, something many developing states have long opposed. A Council meeting in Geneva in 2007 caused controversy after Cuba and Belarus, both accused of abuses, were removed from a list of nine special mandates. The list, which included North Korea, Cambodia and Sudan, had been carried forward from the defunct Commission. Commenting on Cuba and Belarus, the UN statement said that Ban noted `` that not having a Special Rapporteur assigned to a particular country does not absolve that country from its obligations under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. '' The United States said a day before the UN statement that the Council deal raised serious questions about whether the new body could be unbiased. Alejandro Wolff, deputy U.S. permanent representative at the United Nations, accused the council of `` a pathological obsession with Israel '' and also denounced its action on Cuba and Belarus. `` I think the record is starting to speak for itself '', he told journalists. The UNHRC President Doru Costea responded : `` I agree with him. The functioning of the Council must be constantly improved ''. He added that the Council must examine the behaviour of all parties involved in complex disputes and not place just one state under the magnifying glass. Netherlands Speaking at the IDC 's Herzliya Conference in Israel in January 2008, Dutch Foreign Minister Maxime Verhagen criticized the actions of the Human Rights Council actions against Israel. `` At the United Nations, censuring Israel has become something of a habit, while Hamas 's terror is referred to in coded language or not at all. The Netherlands believes the record should be set straight, both in New York and at the Human Rights Council in Geneva '', Verhagen said. 2006 Lebanon conflict At its Second Special Session in August 2006, the Council announced the establishment of a High - Level Commission of Inquiry charged with probing allegations that Israel systematically targeted and killed Lebanese civilians during the 2006 Israel - Lebanon conflict. The resolution was passed by a vote of 27 in favour to 11 against, with 8 abstentions. Before and after the vote several member states and NGOs objected that by targeting the resolution solely at Israel and failing to address Hezbollah attacks on Israeli civilians, the Council risked damaging its credibility. The members of the Commission of Inquiry, as announced on September 1, 2006, were Clemente Baena Soares of Brazil, Mohamed Chande Othman of Tanzania, and Stelios Perrakis of Greece. The Commission noted that its report on the conflict would be incomplete without fully investigating both sides, but that `` the Commission is not entitled, even if it had wished, to construe ( its charter ) as equally authorizing the investigation of the actions by Hezbollah in Israel '', as the Council had explicitly prohibited it from investigating the actions of Hezbollah. January 2008 decree The Council released a statement calling on Israel to stop its military operations in the Gaza Strip and to open the Strip 's borders to allow the entry of food, fuel and medicine. The Council adopted the resolution by a vote of 30 to 1, with 15 states abstaining. `` Unfortunately, neither this resolution nor the current session addressed the role of both parties. It was regretful that the current draft resolution did not condemn the rocket attacks on Israeli civilians, '' said Canada 's representative Terry Cormier, the lone voter against. The United States and Israel boycotted the session. U.S. ambassador Warren Tichenor said the Council 's unbalanced approach had `` squandered its credibility '' by failing to address continued rocket attacks against Israel. `` Today 's actions do nothing to help the Palestinian people, in whose name the supporters of this session claim to act, '' he said in a statement. `` Supporters of a Palestinian state must avoid the kind of inflammatory rhetoric and actions that this session represents, which only stoke tensions and erode the chances for peace '', he added. `` We believe that this council should deplore the fact that innocent civilians on both sides are suffering '', Slovenian Ambassador Andrej Logar said on behalf of the seven EU states on the council. At a press conference in Geneva on Wednesday, UN Secretary General Ban Ki - moon responded when asked about its special session on Gaza, that `` I appreciate that the council is looking in depth into this particular situation. And it is rightly doing so. I would also appreciate it if the council will be looking with the same level of attention and urgency at all other matters around the world. There are still many areas where human rights are abused and not properly protected '', he said. Gaza report Main article : United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict On April 3, 2009, South African Judge Richard Goldstone was named as the head of the independent United Nations Fact - Finding Mission to investigate international human rights and humanitarian law violations related to the Gaza War. The Mission was established by Resolution S - 9 / 1 of the United Nations Human Rights Council. On September 15, 2009, the UN Fact - Finding mission released its report. The report found that there was evidence `` indicating serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law were committed by Israel during the Gaza conflict, and that Israel committed actions amounting to war crimes, and possibly crimes against humanity ''. The mission also found that there was evidence that `` Palestinian armed groups committed war crimes, as well as possibly crimes against humanity, in their repeated launching of rockets and mortars into Southern Israel ''. The mission called for referring either side in the conflict to the UN Security Council for prosecution at the International Criminal Court if they refuse to launch fully independent investigations by December 2009. Goldstone has since partially retracted the reports conclusions that Israel committed war crimes, as new evidence has shed light upon the decision making by Israeli commanders. He said, `` I regret that our fact - finding mission did not have such evidence explaining the circumstances in which we said civilians in Gaza were targeted, because it probably would have influenced our findings about intentionality and war crimes. '' Goldstone acknowledged that Israel has `` to a significant degree '' implemented the reports recommendations that `` each party to investigate ( the incidents ) transparently and in good faith, '' but `` Hamas has done nothing ''. The Palestinian Authority has also implemented the reports recommendations by investigating `` assassinations, torture and illegal detentions, perpetrated by Fatah in the West Bank '', but Goldstone noted that `` most of those allegations were confirmed by this inquiry ''. March 2011 controversy At the UNHRC 's opening session in February 2011, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton criticized the council 's `` structural bias '' against the State of Israel : `` The structural bias against Israel -- including a standing agenda item for Israel, whereas all other countries are treated under a common item -- is wrong. And it undermines the important work we are trying to do together. '' An editorial in the Jerusalem Post subsequently revealed that the UNHRC was `` poised to adopt six resolutions... condemning Israel, '' noting that it was the highest number of resolutions ever to be adopted against Israel in a single session. Human rights activist and Hudson Institute senior fellow Anne Bayefsky accused the UNHRC of failing to remove antisemitic propaganda distributed by the IHH during one of its sessions. The material in question was an illustration depicting Israel as a sinister Nazi octopus seizing control of a ship. Chair of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs Rep. Ileana Ros - Lehtinen ( R ) said she would propose legislation making U.S. funding for the UN contingent on extensive reform. Her bill will also call for the United States to withdraw from the UNHRC, as `` Israel is the only country on the council 's permanent agenda, while abuses by rogue regimes like Cuba, China, and Syria are ignored ''. The hosting of a Hamas member controversy In March 2012, the UN Human Rights Council was criticised for facilitating an event featuring a Hamas politician. The Hamas parliamentarian had spoken at an NGO event in the UN Geneva building. Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu castigated the UNHRC 's decision stating, `` He represents an organization that indiscriminately targets children and grown - ups, and women and men. Innocents -- is their special favorite target ''. Israel 's ambassador to the UN Ron Prosor denounced the speech stating that Hamas was an internationally recognized terrorist organization that targeted civilians. `` Inviting a Hamas terrorist to lecture to the world about human rights is like asking Charles Manson to run the murder investigation unit at the NYPD '', he said. March 2012 criticism The United States urged the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva to stop its anti-Israel bias. It took particular exception to the council 's Agenda Item 7, under which at every session, Israel 's human rights record is debated. No other country has a dedicated agenda item. The US Ambassador to the UNHRC Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe said that the United States was deeply troubled by the `` Council 's biased and disproportionate focus on Israel. '' She said that the hypocrisy was further exposed in the Golan Heights resolution that was advocated by the Syrian regime at a time when it was murdering its own citizens. `` Defamation of religion '' Main article : Defamation of religions and the United Nations From 1999 to 2011, the CHR and the UNHRC adopted resolutions in opposition to the `` defamation of religion ''. Climate change See also : Right to environmental protection The Human Rights Council has adopted the Resolution 10 / 4 about human rights and climate change. Eritrea report See also : Human rights in Eritrea Helen Berhane, Church in Chains In June 2015, a 500 - page UNHRC report accused Eritrea 's government of widespread human rights violations. These were alleged to include extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and the report also indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are widespread. The Guardian claimed that the report ' catalogues a litany of human rights violations by the `` totalitarian '' regime of President Isaias Afwerki `` on a scope and scale seldom witnessed elsewhere '' '. The report also asserted that these serial violations may amount to crimes against humanity. The Eritrean Foreign Ministry responded by describing the Commission 's report as `` wild allegations '' which were `` totally unfounded and devoid of all merit '' and countercharged the UNHRC with `` vile slanders and false accusations ''. The vice chairperson of the subcommittee on human rights at the European parliament said the report detailed ' very serious human rights violations ', and said that EU funding for development would not continue as at present without change in Eritrea. Candidacy issues Syria See also : Human rights in Syria In July 2012, Syria announced that it would seek a UNHRC seat. This was while there was serious evidence ( provided by numerous human rights organizations including the UN itself ) that Syrian President Bashar al - Assad had authorised and funded the slaughter of thousands of civilians, with estimates of 14,000 civilians being killed as of July 2012 during the Syrian civil war. According to UN Watch, Syria 's candidacy was virtually assured under the prevailing election system. Syria would be responsible for promoting human rights if elected. In response, the United States and European Union drafted a resolution to oppose the move. In the end, Syria was not on the ballot for the 12 November 2012 election to UNHRC. Sudan and Ethiopia See also : Human rights in Sudan and Human rights in Ethiopia In July 2012, it was reported that Sudan and Ethiopia were nominated for a UNHRC seat, despite being accused by human rights organizations of grave human rights violations. UN Watch condemned the move to nominate Sudan, pointing out that Sudan 's President Omar Al - Bashir was indicted for genocide by the International Criminal Court. According to UN Watch, Sudan was virtually assured of securing a seat. A joint letter of 18 African and international civil society organizations urged foreign ministers of the African Union to reverse its endorsement of Ethiopia and Sudan for a seat, accusing them of serious human rights violations and listing examples of such violations, and stating that they should not be rewarded with a seat. Sudan was not on the ballot for the 12 November 2012 election to UNHRC, but Ethiopia was elected. Saudi Arabia See also : Human rights in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian - led airstrikes in Yemen, June 2015. Saudi Arabia is operating without a UN mandate. In September 2015, Faisal bin Hassan Trad, Saudi Arabia 's ambassador to the UN in Geneva, was elected Chair of the UNHRC Advisory Committee, the panel that appoints independent experts. UN Watch executive director Hillel Neuer said : `` It is scandalous that the UN chose a country that has beheaded more people this year ( 2015 ) than ISIS to be head of a key human rights panel. Petro - dollars and politics have trumped human rights. '' Saudi Arabia also shut down criticism, during the UN meeting. In January 2016, Saudi Arabia executed the prominent Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr who had called for free elections in Saudi Arabia. In September 2017, US President Donald Trump said that ' it is an `` embarrassment '' that there are countries on the UN human rights panel that have themselves committed atrocities ', but not naming any particular country. Country positions Sri Lanka This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( April 2017 ) Sri Lanka has come under increasing scrutiny with a draft resolution tabled by the United States on reconciliation and accountability in Sri Lanka. The draft resolution, which is under review, notes, `` with concern that the LLRC report does not adequately address serious allegations of violations of international law, 1. Calls on the Government of Sri Lanka to implement the constructive recommendations in the LLRC report and take all necessary additional steps to fulfill its relevant legal obligations and commitment to initiate credible and independent actions to ensure justice, equity, accountability and reconciliation for all Sri Lankans, 2. Requests that the Government of Sri Lanka present a comprehensive action plan as expeditiously as possible detailing the steps the Government has taken and will take to implement the LLRC recommendations and also to address alleged violations of international law, 3. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and relevant special procedures to provide, and the Government of Sri Lanka to accept, advice and technical assistance on implementing those steps and requests the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to present a report to the Council on the provision of such assistance at its twenty - second session. '' Sri Lankan Ambassador in Geneva Tamara Kunanayakam pointed out that 80 % of the UNHRC 's funding requirements are supplied by powerful nations such as the United States and its allies. Also, key positions in the UNHCR are mostly held by those who have served in the foreign services of such countries. Sri Lanka 's position is that this fact is significantly detrimental to the impartiality of the UNHRC activities, especially when dealing with the developing world. As a result, Sri Lanka, along with Cuba and Pakistan, sponsored a resolution seeking transparency in funding and staffing the UNHRC, during its 19th session starting in February 2012. The resolution passed on 4 April 2012. United States In regard to the United Nations Human Rights Council, the position of the United States is : `` human rights have been a cornerstone of American values since the country 's birth and the United States is committed to support the work of the UN Commission in promoting the principles embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. U.S. President George W. Bush declared that the United States would not seek a seat on the Council, saying it would be more effective from the outside. He did pledge, however, to support the Council financially. State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said, `` We will work closely with partners in the international community to encourage the council to address serious cases of human rights abuse in countries such as Iran, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Burma, Sudan, and North Korea ''. The U.S. State Department said on March 5, 2007 that, for the second year in a row, the United States has decided not to seek a seat on the Human Rights Council, asserting the body had lost its credibility with repeated attacks on Israel and a failure to confront other rights abusers. Spokesman Sean McCormack said the council has had a `` singular focus '' on Israel, while countries such as Cuba, Myanmar and North Korea have been spared scrutiny. He said that though the United States will have only an observer role, it will continue to shine a spotlight on human rights issues. The most senior Republican member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives, Ileana Ros - Lehtinen, supported the administration decision. `` Rather than standing as a strong defender of fundamental human rights, the Human Rights Council has faltered as a weak voice subject to gross political manipulation, '' she said. Upon passage of UNHRC 's June 2007 institution building package, the U.S. restated its condemnation of bias in the institution 's agenda. Spokesman Sean McCormack again criticised the Commission for focusing on Israel in light of many more pressing human rights issues around the world, such as Sudan or Myanmar, and went on to criticise the termination of Special Rapporteurs to Cuba and Belarus, as well as procedural irregularities that prevented member - states from voting on the issues ; a similar critique was issued by the Canadian representative. On September 2007, the US Senate voted to cut off funding to the council. The United States joined with Australia, Canada, Israel, and three other countries in opposing the UNHRC 's draft resolution on working rules citing continuing misplaced focus on Israel at the expense of action against countries with poor human - rights records. The resolution passed 154 -- 7 in a rare vote forced by Israel including the support of France, the United Kingdom, and China, although it is usually approved through consensus. United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Zalmay Khalilzad, spoke about the `` council 's relentless focus during the year on a single country -- Israel, '' contrasting that with failure `` to address serious human rights violations taking place in other countries such as Zimbabwe, DPRK ( North Korea ), Iran, Belarus and Cuba. '' Khalilzad said that aside from condemnation of the crackdown of the Burmese anti-government protests, the council 's past year was `` very bad '' and it `` had failed to fulfill our hopes. '' On June 6, 2008, Human Rights Tribune announced that the United States had withdrawn entirely from the UNHRC, and had withdrawn its observer status. The United States boycotted the Council during the George W. Bush administration, but reversed its position on it during the Obama administration. Beginning in 2009 however, with the United States taking a leading role in the organization, American commentators began to argue that the UNHRC was becoming increasingly relevant. On March 31, 2009, the administration of Barack Obama announced that it would reverse the country 's previous position and would join the UNHRC ; New Zealand has indicated its willingness not to seek election to the council to make room for the United States to run unopposed along with Belgium and Norway for the WEOG seats. On June 19, 2018, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley announced that the United States, under President Donald Trump, was pulling out of the United Nations Human Rights Council, accusing the council being `` hypocritical and self - serving '' and, in the past, Haley had accused it of `` chronic anti-Israel bias. '' `` When the Human Rights Council treats Israel worse than North Korea, Iran, and Syria, it is the Council itself that is foolish and unworthy of its name. It is time for the countries who know better to demand changes, '' Haley said in a statement at the time, pointing to the council 's adoption of five resolutions condemning Israel. `` The United States continues to evaluate our membership in the Human Rights Council. Our patience is not unlimited. '' Criticism The United States boycotted the UNHRC during the George W. Bush administration to protest the repressive states among its membership, but in March 2009 the Obama administration reversed that position and decided to `` reengage '' and seek a seat on the UNHRC. Beginning in 2009 however, with the United States taking a leading role in the organization, American commentators began to argue that the UNHRC was becoming increasingly relevant. The UNHRC has been criticised for the repressive states among its membership. Countries with questionable human rights records that have served on the UNHRC include Cuba, Saudi Arabia, China and Russia. Agenda item 7 The UNHRC has been accused of anti-Israel bias, a particular criticism being its focus on the Israeli - Palestinian conflict at each session as Agenda Item 7. The Council voted on 30 June 2006 to make a review of alleged human rights abuses by Israel a permanent feature of every council session : Item 7. Human rights situation in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories Human rights violations and implications of the Israeli occupation of Palestine and other occupied Arab territories Right to self - determination of the Palestinian people None of the nine other items deals exclusively with a specific conflict. The Council 's special rapporteur on the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict is the council 's only expert mandate with no year of expiry. The rapporteur between 2008 and 2014, Richard A. Falk, has been accused of being antisemitic. UN Secretaries General Kofi Annan and Ban Ki - moon, former president of the council Doru Costea, the European Union, Canada, and the United States have accused the UNHRC of focusing disproportionately on the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict. Boris Johnson, Britain 's Foreign Secretary on 18 June 2018 said : `` We share the view that a dedicated agenda item focused solely on Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories is disproportionate and damaging to the cause of peace. '' On 19 June 2018, the United States pulled out of the UNHRC accusing the body of bias against Israel and a failure to hold human rights abusers accountable. At UNHRC 's 38th Session, on 2 July 2018, Western nations held a de facto boycott of Agenda Item 7 by not speaking to the item. Bloc voting A Reuters report in 2008 said that independent human rights groups say that UNHRC is being controlled by some Middle East and African nations, supported by China, Russia and Cuba, which protect each other from criticism. This drew criticism from the UN Secretary General Ban Ki - moon at the ineffectiveness of UNHRC, saying it had fallen short of its obligations. He urged countries to ' drop rhetoric ' and rise above `` partisan posturing and regional divides '' and get on with defending people around the world. This follows criticism since UNHRC was set up, where Israel has been condemned on most occasions and other incidences in the world such as Darfur, Tibet, North Korea, and Zimbabwe have not been discussed at the council. Ban Ki - Moon also appealed for the United States to fully join the council and play a more active role. The UNHRC was criticized in 2009 for adopting a resolution submitted by Sri Lanka praising its conduct in Vanni that year, ignoring pleas for an international war crimes investigation. Accountability program On 18 June 2007, one year after holding its first meeting, the UNHRC adopted its Institution - building package, to guide it in its future work. Among its elements was the Universal Periodic Review, which assesses the human rights situations in all 193 UN Member States. Another element is an Advisory Committee, which serves as the UNHRC 's think tank and provides it with expertise and advice on thematic human rights issues. A further element is a Complaint procedure, which allows individuals and organizations to bring complaints about human rights violations to the attention of the Council. In the election of members, the General Assembly takes into account each candidate state 's contribution to the promotion and protection of human rights, as well as their voluntary pledges and commitments in this regard. The General Assembly, by a two - thirds majority, can suspend the rights and privileges of any Council member that it decides has persistently committed gross and systematic violations of human rights during its term of membership. The resolution establishing the UNHRC states that `` members elected to the Council shall uphold the highest standards in the promotion and protection of human rights ''. See also OIC § Human rights Community of Democracies Human rights in cyberspace United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights UN Watch Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action Notes Jump up ^ * For freedom of religion, see `` USCIRF Welcomes Move Away from ' Defamation of Religions ' concept ''. Retrieved 15 October 2013. For women 's rights, see UNOG. `` Human Rights Council Establishes Working Group On Discrimination Against Women In Law And Practise ''. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013. For LGBT rights, see `` Council establishes mandate on Côte d'Ivoire, adopts protocol to child rights treaty, requests study on discrimination and sexual orientation ''. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2013. and `` UN publishes first global report and recommendations to tackle gay rights abuses ''. For freedom of expression, see `` HRC Freedom of Opinion and Expression Resolution ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. For freedom of assembly, see `` Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. For war crimes, see `` UN Adopts Resolution on Sri Lanka War Crimes Probe ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. For intervention against nationwide human rights abuses, see Human Rights Watch. `` UN : Rights Body Acts Decisively on Iran, Cote d'Ivoire ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012., ISHR. `` http://www.ishr.ch/council/376-council/1030-human-rights-council-follows-up-to-special-sessions-on-cote-divoire-a-libya ''. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2012. External link in title = ( help ), `` Côte d'Ivoire : UN Human Rights Council strongly condemns post-electoral abuses ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012., `` UN calls for investigation into Houla killings in Syria ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012., Human Rights Watch. `` UN : Rights Council Condemns Violations in Kyrgyzstan ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012., ISHR. `` Human Rights Council follows up to special sessions on Cote d'Ivoire & Libya ''. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011., Human Rights Watch. `` UN Human Rights Council : Positive Action on Burma, Guinea, North Korea ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. References Jump up ^ `` United Nations Human Rights Council ''. Retrieved 27 September 2013. Jump up ^ `` About the Human Rights Council ''. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 29 October 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Current Membership of the Human Rights Council 20 June 2011 -- 31 December 2012 by regional groups ''. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Jump up ^ `` OHCHR HRC Sessions ''. www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 21. Jump up ^ `` UN creates new human rights body ''. BBC. 15 March 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` Report : Since Inception, UNHRC Condemned Israel More Than Rest of World 's Countries Combined ''. Algemeiner.com. Jump up ^ Secretary - General urges human rights activists to ' fill leadership vacuum ', hold world leaders to account, in address to international day event, UN Department of Public Information 8 12 2008 Jump up ^ UN 's Ban faults rights council over Israel, Reuters ( reprinted in Ynet News ) 21 06 2007 Jump up ^ Human Rights Council president wants reform, SwissInfo 29 09 2007 ^ Jump up to : `` UN General Assembly Resolution 60 / 251.8 '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 18 July 2012. Jump up ^ `` United Nations Human Rights Council, Sessions ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ `` OHCHR General Assembly, by Secret Ballot, Elects 15 Member States to Serve Three - Year Terms on Human Rights Council ''. www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Rusija nije reizabrana u Savet za ljudska prava UN '' ( in Serbian ). N1. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` US leaving UN Human Rights Council -- `` a cesspool of political bias. '' ``. CNN. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018. Jump up ^ Iceland takes up US seat at UN rights council Retrieved 07 / 13 / 2018. Jump up ^ HRC > Current Membership of the Human Rights Council by regional groups. Retrieved 15 / 05 / 2015. Jump up ^ Elections & Appointments Human Rights Council 2006. ^ Jump up to : Human Rights Council : Membership by regional groups from 19 June 2006 -- 18 June 2007. Archived 5 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ UN General Assembly 61st Session : Human Rights Council Election 2007 Human Rights Council Election ( 17 May 2007 ). Jump up ^ Cavaliere, Victoria ( 17 May 2007 ). `` UN Elects Egypt, Angola to Rights Council, Rejects Belarus ''. VOA News. Voice of America. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2009. Jump up ^ UN General Assembly 62nd Session : ( 21 May 2008 ) Jump up ^ `` Election ( 12 May 2009 ) Human Rights Council ''. 63rd Session. United Nations General Assembly. Jump up ^ `` Election ( 13 May 2010 ) Human Rights Council ''. 64th Session. United Nations General Assembly. Jump up ^ `` Elections and appointments Election of the Human Rights Council ''. 65th Session. United Nations General Assembly. Jump up ^ `` UN Website ''. Retrieved 7 December 2012. Jump up ^ `` UN Website ''. Retrieved 18 November 2013. Jump up ^ The Human Rights Council elects Ambassador Ambassador Choi Kyong - lim of the Republic of Korea as its new President. Retrieved 4 January 2016. Jump up ^ Section, United Nations News Service ( 10 December 2012 ). `` UN News - UN Human Rights Council : new President will help promote human rights equitably ''. UN News Service Section. ^ Jump up to : `` Human Rights Council -- Membership of the Human Rights Council ''... ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 26. Jump up ^ `` The Universal Periodic Review Mechanism ''. Human Rights Watch. 27 June 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2009. Jump up ^ Main points : What is the UPR, retrieved on 31 January 2016 Jump up ^ More details on : Information note for NGOs regarding the Universal Periodic Review mechanism ( as of second cycle ), retrieved on 31 January 2016 Jump up ^ For complete calendar, see : Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review Jump up ^ For complete calendar, see : Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review Jump up ^ Paragraph 16 of General Assembly Resolution 60 / 251 of 15 March 2006 Jump up ^ See : Resolution 12 / 1 of 1 October 2009, included in UN document A / 65 / 53, containing the Report of the Human Rights Council on its Twelfth Session ( 14 September - 2 October 2009 ) Jump up ^ `` Resolution 16 / 21 '' ( PDF ). upr-info.org. Jump up ^ Lars Müller, ( ed. ), The First 365 days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, p. 81 and ff. ^ Jump up to : `` Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights ''. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. n.d. 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Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011. Jump up ^ `` OHCHR - Special Rapporteur on Iran ''. www.ohchr.org. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 4 November 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ Statement by H.E. permanent resident Ambassador to the United Nations Itzhak Levanon, March 22, 2007 Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Human Rights Council Elects Advisory Committee Members, United Nations press release, March 26, 2008. Jump up ^ `` U.N. Taps American Jewish Critic of Israel as Rights Expert '', The Forward, April 4, 2008. Jump up ^ `` UNHRC appointment infuriates Israel '', The Jerusalem Post, March 26, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Israel to bar UN official for comparing Israelis to Nazis '', Haaretz, April 8, 2008. Archived 9 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. 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The Economist. 4 April 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2006. Jump up ^ U.N. : Mixed Start for New Human Rights Council Human Rights Watch, 30 6 2006 Jump up ^ His job description, or U.N. mandate, deliberately excludes Palestinian human - rights abuses. As Dugard said on 19 October, `` I have a limited mandate, which is to investigate human rights violations by Israelis, not by Palestinians. '' The pre-determined outcome, however, has never been a problem for this lawyer. Far from being embarrassed, he launched into this year 's diatribe this way : `` Today I deliver my annual criticism of Israel 's human rights record. '' Bayefsky, Anne. www.nationalreview.com `` The U.N. 's Spokesperson for Suicide Bombers '' Archived 12 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine... National Review, 23 October 2006. Jump up ^ After describing the Nazi horrors, ( Falk ) asked : `` Is it an irresponsible overstatement to associate the treatment of Palestinians with this criminalized Nazi record of collective atrocity ? I think not. The recent developments in Gaza are especially disturbing because they express so vividly a deliberate intention on the part of Israel and its allies to subject an entire human community to life - endangering conditions of utmost cruelty. '' U.N. Taps American Jewish Critic of Israel as Rights Expert By Marc Perelman, Forward Magazine 27 March 2008, issue of 4 April 2008. Jump up ^ Franks, Tim ( 8 April 2008 ). `` UN expert stands by Nazi comments ''. BBC. Jump up ^ Richard Falk. `` Slouching toward a Palestinian Holocaust ''. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` He submits periodic reports to the UNHRC on the human rights situation in the West Bank and Gaza, but his mandate only covers Israel 's human rights record. 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CanWest News Service / National Post 16 November 2007. Jump up ^ `` MinBuza.nl ''. MinBuza.nl. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2011. Jump up ^ Second Special Session of Human Rights Council Decides to Establish High - level Iinquiry Commission For Lebanon UN Press release 11 August 2006. Jump up ^ Human Rights Council. `` Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Lebanon pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S - 2 / 1 * '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 15 January 2007. Jump up ^ Human Rights Council opens special session on violations stemming from Israeli incursions in occupied Palestinian territory UNHRC Press release, 23 January 2008. Jump up ^ Human Rights Council slams Israel over Gaza ; EU abstains Archived 31 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. AFP, 24 January 2008. Jump up ^ UNHRC slams Israel 's actions in Gaza Jerusalem Post 24 January 2008. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011. Jump up ^ `` Richard J. Goldstone Appointed to Lead Human Rights Council Fact - finding mission on Gaza Conflict ''. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 3 April 2009. Jump up ^ `` UN Fact Finding Mission finds strong evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Gaza conflict ''. United Nations Human Rights Council. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2009. Jump up ^ `` Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict '' ( PDF ). United Nations Human Rights Council. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2009. Jump up ^ `` UN Inquiry Finds Israel `` Punished and Terrorized '' Palestinian Civilians, Committed War Crimes During Gaza Assault ``. Jump up ^ `` UN must ensure Goldstone inquiry recommendations are implemented ''. Amnesty.org. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2011. Jump up ^ `` Reconsidering the Goldstone Report on Israel and war crimes ''. Amnesty.org. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2011. Jump up ^ Lazaroff, Tovah ( 28 February 2011 ). `` Clinton : UNHRC bias against Israel undermines its work ''. The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011. The United Nations Human Rights Council must abandon its bias against Israel, which undermines its work, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said on Monday in Geneva. Jump up ^ Bayefsky, Anne ( 21 March 2011 ). `` The UNHRC : Hard at work condemning Israel ''. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 March 2011. The Council is poised to adopt six resolutions this week condemning just Israel -- the highest number of resolutions dedicated to bashing the Jewish state at a single session. Jump up ^ Goodenough, Patrick ( 22 March 2011 ). `` House Foreign Affairs Chairman : U.S. Must Withdraw from U.N. Human Rights Council ''. Cybercast News Service. 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Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Jump up ^ Press, Associated. `` Ban Ki - moon : End Gaza violence, blockades International News Jerusalem Post ''. Fr.jpost.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2011. Jump up ^ `` US attacks UN Human Rights Council ''. The Jerusalem Post. Associated Press. 17 November 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007. Jump up ^ Carole Vann / Juan Gasparini / Human Rights Tribune ( 6 June 2008 ). `` US quits Human Rights Council ''. Human Rights Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008. ^ Jump up to : Lynch, Colum ( 1 April 2009 ). `` U.S. to Seek Seat on U.N. Human Rights Council ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 May 2010. ^ Jump up to : Patrick, Stewart. `` The Human Rights Council : Give Credit Where Credit is Due ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. ^ Jump up to : Traub, James. `` U.N. Human Rights Council Condemns Actual Human Rights Abusers ! ''. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Jump up ^ Colum Lynch ( 31 May 2009 ). `` US to join Human Rights Council ''. Washington Post. Retrieved 31 March 2009. Jump up ^ `` US quits ' biased ' UN human rights council ''. BBC News. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018. Jump up ^ `` U.S. to withdraw from U.N. Human Rights Council ''. Jump up ^ Australia presses for Human Rights Council seat despite UN criticism Jump up ^ Resolution A / HRC / RES / 5 / 1 -- Institution - building of the United Nations Human Rights Council, 7 August 2007 Jump up ^ Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights on Palestinian territories occupied since 1967 Jump up ^ Secretary - General urges human rights activists to ' fill leadership vacuum ', hold world leaders to account, in address to international day event, UN Department of Public Information 8 12 2008 Jump up ^ UN 's Ban faults rights council over Israel, Reuters ( reprinted in Ynet News ) 21 06 2007 Jump up ^ Human Rights Council president wants reform, SwissInfo 29 09 2007 Jump up ^ BRITAIN GIVES UNHRC SIX MONTHS TO CEASE ANTI-ISRAEL BIAS Jump up ^ https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/West-holds-de-facto-boycott-of-UNHRCs-Agenda-Item-7-debate-561397 Western nations de-facto boycott condemnation of Israel at UNHCR ) ^ Jump up to : `` U.N. chief tells rights body drop rhetoric, blocs '', Reuters, 12 December 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` UN chief urges rights council to rise above `` partisan posturing '' ``, Xinhua, 12 December 2008. Jump up ^ `` Sri Lanka forces West to retreat over ' war crimes ' with victory at UN '', Times, 28 May 2009 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Human Rights Council. 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Question: who heads up the un human rights council
Answer: Vojislav Šuc