Midbrain - wikipedia Midbrain Midbrain Inferior view midbrain ( 2 ), above ( 3 ) Human brainstem Midbrain ( B ) Thalamus ( A ) Pons ( C ) Medulla oblongata ( D ) Details Identifiers Latin mesencephalon MeSH A08. 186.211. 132.659 NeuroNames hier - 445 NeuroLex ID Midbrain TA A14. 1.03. 005 FMA 61993 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) The midbrain or mesencephalon ( from the Greek mesos, middle, and enkephalos, brain ) is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep / wake, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Corpora quadrigemina 1.2 Cerebral peduncle 1.3 Anatomical features of cross-sections through the midbrain 1.4 Development 2 Function 3 See also 4 References Structure The midbrain comprises the tectum, tegmentum, the cerebral aqueduct, and the cerebral peduncles, as well as several nuclei and fasciculi. Caudally the midbrain adjoins the metencephalon ( afterbrain ) ( pons and cerebellum ) ; while rostrally it adjoins the diencephalon ( thalamus, hypothalamus, etc. ) Specifically, the midbrain consists of : tectum inferior colliculi superior colliculi cerebral peduncle midbrain tegmentum crus cerebri substantia nigra Brain Anatomy - Mid-fore - hindbrain. Corpora quadrigemina Main article : Corpora quadrigemina The corpora quadrigemina ( `` quadruplet bodies '' ) are four solid lobes on the dorsal side of the cerebral aqueduct, where the superior posterior pair are called the superior colliculi and the inferior posterior pair are called the inferior colliculi. The homologous structures are called optic lobes in some lower vertebrates ( fishes and amphibians ) where they integrate sensory information from the eyes and certain auditory reflexes. The four solid lobes help to decussate several fibres of the optic nerve. However, some fibers also show ipsilateral arrangement ( i.e., they run parallel on the same side without decussating. ) The superior colliculus is involved with saccadic eye movements ; while the inferior is a synapsing point for sound information. The trochlear nerve comes out of the posterior surface of the midbrain, below the inferior colliculus. Cerebral peduncle Main article : cerebral peduncles The cerebral peduncles are paired structures, present on the ventral side of the cerebral aqueduct, and they further carry tegmentum on the dorsal side and cresta or pes on the ventral side, and both of them accommodate the corticospinal tract fibres, from the internal capsule ( i.e., ascending + descending tracts = longitudinal tract. ) the middle part of cerebral peduncles carry substantia nigra ( literally `` Black Matter '' ), which is a type of basal nucleus. It is the only part of the brain that carries melanin pigment. Between the peduncles is the interpeduncular fossa, which is a cistern filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The oculomotor nerve comes out between the peduncles, and the trochlear nerve is visible wrapping around the outside of the peduncles. The oculomotor is responsible for pupil constriction ( parasympathetic ) and certain eye movements. Anatomical features of cross-sections through the midbrain Cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. Cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus. The midbrain is usually sectioned at the level of the superior and inferior colliculi. Mesencephalon of human embryo A horizontal ( transverse ) cross-section at the level of the superior colliculus shows the red nucleus, the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve ( and associated Edinger - Westphal nucleus ), the cerebral peduncles or crus cerebri, and the substantia nigra. A horizontal ( transverse ) cross-section at the level of the inferior colliculus still shows the substantia nigra. Also apparent are the trochlear nerve nucleus, and the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. Both sections will show the cerebral aqueduct, which connects the third and fourth ventricle and the periaqueductal gray. One mnemonic for remembering the structures of the midbrain involves visualizing the mesencephalic cross-section as an upside down bear face. The two red nuclei are the eyes of the bear and the cerebral crura are the ears. The tectum is the chin and the cerebral peduncles are the face and ears. Development During embryonic development, the midbrain arises from the second vesicle, also known as the mesencephalon, of the neural tube. Unlike the other two vesicles, the forebrain and hindbrain, the midbrain remains undivided for the remainder of neural development. It does not split into other brain areas. while the forebrain, for example, divides into the telencephalon and the diencephalon. Throughout embryonic development, the cells within the midbrain continually multiply and compress the still - forming cerebral aqueduct. Partial or total obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct during development can lead to congenital hydrocephalus. Function The mesencephalon is considered part of the brainstem. Its substantia nigra is closely associated with motor system pathways of the basal ganglia. The human mesencephalon is archipallian in origin, meaning that its general architecture is shared with the most ancient of vertebrates. Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area plays a role in excitation, motivation and habituation of species from humans to the most elementary animals such as insects. Laboratory house mice from lines that have been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running have enlarged midbrains. The midbrain helps to relay information for vision and hearing. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mesencephalon. Look up midbrain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. list of regions in the human brain References Jump up ^ Mosby 's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary, ≈ Fourth Edition, Mosby - Year Book 1994, p. 981 Jump up ^ Breedlove, Watson, & Rosenzweig. Biological Psychology, 6th Edition, 2010, pp. 45 - 46 Jump up ^ http://www.morris.umn.edu/~ratliffj/images/brain_slides/slide_5.htm Jump up ^ Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W.G. Hale, V.A. Saunders, J.P. Margham 2005 Jump up ^ Ferrier, David ( 1886 ). `` Functions of the optic lobes or corpora quadrigemina ''. doi : 10.1037 / 12789 - 005. Jump up ^ Haines, Duane E. Neuroanatomy : an atlas of structures, sections, and systems ( 8th ed. ). Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. p. 42. ISBN 978 - 1 - 60547 - 653 - 7. ^ Jump up to : Martin. Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas, Second edition. 1996, pp. 522 - 525. Jump up ^ Martin. Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas, Second Edition, 1996, pp. 35 - 36. Jump up ^ `` Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet ''. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. February 2008. Retrieved 2011 - 03 - 23. Jump up ^ Kolb, E.M., E.L. Rezende, L. Holness, A. Radtke, S.K. Lee, A. Obenaus, and Garland T, Jr. 2013. Mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running have larger midbrains : support for the mosaic model of brain evolution. Journal of Experimental Biology 216 : 515 - 523. Nervous system Central nervous system Meninges Spinal cord Brain Rhombencephalon Medulla Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Forebrain Diencephalon Retina Optic nerve Cerebrum Limbic system Peripheral nervous system Somatic Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric Anatomy of the midbrain Tectum ( Dorsal ) Surface Corpora quadrigemina : Inferior colliculus Brachium Superior colliculus Brachium Grey matter Pretectal area White : Sensory / ascending Spinotectal tract Central tegmental tract White : Motor / descending Tectospinal tract Peduncle ( Ventral ) Tegmentum White : Sensory / ascending Lemnisci Medial Lateral Ascending MLF Vestibulo - oculomotor fibers Spinothalamic tract Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Dentatothalamic tract White : Motor / descending Rubrospinal tract Rubro - olivary tract Descending MLF Grey : cranial nuclei GSA Mesencephalic - GSE Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus - GVE Edinger -- Westphal nucleus Grey : other Periaqueductal gray Raphe nuclei dorsal Ventral tegmental area Rostromedial tegmental nucleus Pedunculopontine nucleus Red nucleus Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Parabrachial area Interpeduncular nucleus Midbrain reticular formation Ventricular system Cerebral aqueduct Base White : Motor / descending Cerebral crus : Corticospinal tract Corticobulbar tract Corticopontine tract / Frontopontine fibers / Temporopontine fibers Grey : Substantia nigra Pars compacta Pars reticulata Surface Superior cerebellar peduncle Decussation Interpeduncular fossa Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midbrain&oldid=801499074 '' Categories : Midbrain Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Қазақша Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 20 September 2017, at 01 : 17. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: which part of the cns is made up of the midbrain
Answer: mesencephalon