List of Nobel laureates - wikipedia List of Nobel laureates Nobel laureates receive a gold medal together with a diploma and ( as of 2012 ) 8 million SEK ( roughly US $1.2 million, € 0.93 million ). Nobel laureates of 2012 Alvin E. Roth, Brian Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz, David J. Wineland, and Serge Haroche during the ceremony The Nobel Prizes ( Swedish : Nobelpriset, Norwegian : Nobelprisen ) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, or `` laureate '', receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation, yearly. Contents 1 Prize 2 Laureates 3 List of laureates 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Prize Each prize is awarded by a separate committee ; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK. The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel 's death. In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize. The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II. Laureates Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 892 individuals ( including 844 men, 48 women ) and 24 organizations. Four Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade three Germans, Richard Kuhn ( Chemistry, 1938 ), Adolf Butenandt ( Chemistry, 1939 ), and Gerhard Domagk ( Physiology or Medicine, 1939 ), from accepting their Nobel Prizes, and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak ( Literature, 1958 ) to decline his award. Two Nobel laureates, Jean - Paul Sartre ( Literature, 1964 ) and Lê Ðức Thọ ( Peace, 1973 ), declined the award ; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Lê declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time. Six laureates have received more than one prize ; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field : Marie Curie ( Physics and Chemistry ) and Linus Pauling ( Chemistry and Peace ). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women ; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person ( male or female ) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911. List of laureates Year Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature Peace Economics 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Wilhelm Röntgen Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van ' tJacobus Henricus van ' t Hoff von Behring, Emil Adolf Emil Adolf von Behring Prudhomme, Sully Sully Prudhomme Dunant, Henry Henry Dunant ; Passy, Frédéric Frédéric Passy -- 1902 Lorentz, Hendrik Hendrik Lorentz ; Zeeman, Pieter Pieter Zeeman Fischer, Hermann Emil Hermann Emil Fischer Ross, Ronald Ronald Ross Mommsen, Theodor Theodor Mommsen Ducommun, Élie Élie Ducommun ; Gobat, Charles Albert Charles Albert Gobat -- 1903 Becquerel, Henri Henri Becquerel ; Curie, Pierre Pierre Curie ; Curie, Marie Marie Curie Arrhenius, Svante Svante Arrhenius Finsen, Niels Ryberg Niels Ryberg Finsen Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Cremer, Randal Randal Cremer -- 1904 Rayleigh, Lord Lord Rayleigh Ramsay, William William Ramsay Pavlov, Ivan Ivan Pavlov Mistral, Frédéric Frédéric Mistral ; Echegaray, José José Echegaray Institut de Droit International -- 1905 Lenard, Philipp Philipp Lenard Baeyer, Adolf von Adolf von Baeyer Koch, Robert Robert Koch Sienkiewicz, Henryk Henryk Sienkiewicz Suttner, Bertha von Bertha von Suttner -- 1906 Thomson, J.J. J.J. Thomson Moissan, Henri Henri Moissan Golgi, Camillo Camillo Golgi ; Ramón y Cajal, Santiago Santiago Ramón y Cajal Carducci, Giosuè Giosuè Carducci Roosevelt, Theodore Theodore Roosevelt -- 1907 Michelson, Albert Abraham Albert Abraham Michelson Buchner, Eduard Eduard Buchner Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Kipling, Rudyard Rudyard Kipling Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro Ernesto Teodoro Moneta ; Renault, Louis Louis Renault -- 1908 Lippmann, Gabriel Gabriel Lippmann Rutherford, Ernest Ernest Rutherford Metchnikoff, Élie Élie Metchnikoff ; Ehrlich, Paul Paul Ehrlich Eucken, Rudolf Christoph Rudolf Christoph Eucken Arnoldson, Klas Pontus Klas Pontus Arnoldson ; Bajer, Fredrik Fredrik Bajer -- 1909 Braun, Karl Ferdinand Karl Ferdinand Braun ; Marconi, Guglielmo Guglielmo Marconi Ostwald, Wilhelm Wilhelm Ostwald Kocher, Emil Theodor Emil Theodor Kocher Lagerlöf, Selma Selma Lagerlöf Beernaert, Auguste Marie François Auguste Marie François Beernaert ; d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul - Henri - Benjamin Paul - Henri - Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant -- 1910 Waals, Johannes Diderik van der Johannes Diderik van der Waals Wallach, Otto Otto Wallach Kossel, Albrecht Albrecht Kossel Heyse, Paul Paul Heyse International Peace Bureau -- 1911 Wien, Wilhelm Wilhelm Wien Skłodowska - Curie, Marie Marie Skłodowska - Curie Gullstrand, Allvar Allvar Gullstrand Maeterlinck, Maurice Maurice Maeterlinck Asser, Tobias Tobias Asser ; Fried, Alfred Hermann Alfred Hermann Fried -- 1912 Dalén, Gustaf Gustaf Dalén Grignard, Victor Victor Grignard ; Sabatier, Paul Paul Sabatier Carrel, Alexis Alexis Carrel Hauptmann, Gerhart Gerhart Hauptmann Root, Elihu Elihu Root -- 1913 Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Werner, Alfred Alfred Werner Richet, Charles Charles Richet Tagore, Rabindranath Rabindranath Tagore La Fontaine, Henri Henri La Fontaine -- 1914 von Laue, Max Max von Laue Richards, Theodore William Theodore William Richards Bárány, Robert Robert Bárány None None -- 1915 Bragg, William Henry William Henry Bragg ; Bragg, William Lawrence William Lawrence Bragg Willstätter, Richard Richard Willstätter None Rolland, Romain Romain Rolland None -- 1916 None None None Heidenstam, Verner von Verner von Heidenstam None -- 1917 Barkla, Charles Glover Charles Glover Barkla None None Gjellerup, Karl Adolph Karl Adolph Gjellerup ; Pontoppidan, Henrik Henrik Pontoppidan International Committee of the Red Cross -- 1918 Planck, Max Max Planck Haber, Fritz Fritz Haber None None None -- 1919 Stark, Johannes Johannes Stark None Bordet, Jules Jules Bordet Spitteler, Carl Carl Spitteler Wilson, Woodrow Woodrow Wilson -- 1920 Guillaume, Charles Édouard Charles Édouard Guillaume Nernst, Walther Walther Nernst Krogh, August August Krogh Hamsun, Knut Knut Hamsun Bourgeois, Léon Léon Bourgeois -- 1921 Einstein, Albert Albert Einstein Soddy, Frederick Frederick Soddy None France, Anatole Anatole France Branting, Hjalmar Hjalmar Branting ; Lange, Christian Lous Christian Lous Lange -- 1922 Bohr, Niels Niels Bohr Aston, Francis William Francis William Aston Hill, Archibald Archibald Hill ; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz Otto Fritz Meyerhof Benavente, Jacinto Jacinto Benavente Nansen, Fridtjof Fridtjof Nansen -- 1923 Millikan, Robert Andrews Robert Andrews Millikan Pregl, Fritz Fritz Pregl Banting, Frederick Frederick Banting ; Macleod, John James Rickard John James Rickard Macleod Yeats, W.B. W.B. Yeats None -- 1924 Siegbahn, Manne Manne Siegbahn None Einthoven, Willem Willem Einthoven Reymont, Władysław Władysław Reymont None -- 1925 Franck, James James Franck ; Hertz, Gustav Ludwig Gustav Ludwig Hertz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Richard Adolf Zsigmondy None Shaw, George Bernard George Bernard Shaw Chamberlain, Austen Austen Chamberlain ; Dawes, Charles G. Charles G. Dawes -- 1926 Perrin, Jean Baptiste Jean Baptiste Perrin Svedberg, Theodor Theodor Svedberg Fibiger, Johannes Johannes Fibiger Deledda, Grazia Grazia Deledda Briand, Aristide Aristide Briand ; Stresemann, Gustav Gustav Stresemann -- 1927 Compton, Arthur Arthur Compton ; Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Wieland, Heinrich Otto Heinrich Otto Wieland Wagner - Jauregg, Julius Julius Wagner - Jauregg Bergson, Henri Henri Bergson Buisson, Ferdinand Ferdinand Buisson ; Quidde, Ludwig Ludwig Quidde -- 1928 Richardson, Owen Willans Owen Willans Richardson Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Nicolle, Charles Charles Nicolle Undset, Sigrid Sigrid Undset None -- 1929 Broglie, Louis de Louis de Broglie Harden, Arthur Arthur Harden ; von Euler - Chelpin, Hans Hans von Euler - Chelpin Eijkman, Christiaan Christiaan Eijkman ; Hopkins, Frederick Gowland Frederick Gowland Hopkins Mann, Thomas Thomas Mann Kellogg, Frank B. Frank B. Kellogg -- 1930 Raman, C.V. C.V. Raman Fischer, Hans Hans Fischer Landsteiner, Karl Karl Landsteiner Lewis, Sinclair Sinclair Lewis Söderblom, Nathan Nathan Söderblom -- 1931 None Bosch, Carl Carl Bosch ; Bergius, Friedrich Friedrich Bergius Warburg, Otto Heinrich Otto Heinrich Warburg Karlfeldt, Erik Axel Erik Axel Karlfeldt Addams, Jane Jane Addams ; Butler, Nicholas Murray Nicholas Murray Butler -- 1932 Heisenberg, Werner Werner Heisenberg Langmuir, Irving Irving Langmuir Sherrington, Charles Scott Charles Scott Sherrington ; Adrian, Edgar Edgar Adrian Galsworthy, John John Galsworthy None -- 1933 Schrödinger, Erwin Erwin Schrödinger ; Dirac, Paul Paul Dirac None Morgan, Thomas Hunt Thomas Hunt Morgan Bunin, Ivan Ivan Bunin Angell, Norman Norman Angell -- 1934 None Urey, Harold Harold Urey Whipple, George George Whipple ; Minot, George George Minot ; Murphy, William P. William P. Murphy Pirandello, Luigi Luigi Pirandello Henderson, Arthur Arthur Henderson -- 1935 Chadwick, James James Chadwick Joliot - Curie, Frédéric Frédéric Joliot - Curie ; Joliot - Curie, Irène Irène Joliot - Curie Spemann, Hans Hans Spemann None von Ossietzky, Carl Carl von Ossietzky -- 1936 Hess, Victor Francis Victor Francis Hess ; Anderson, Carl David Carl David Anderson Debye, Peter Peter Debye Dale, Henry Hallett Henry Hallett Dale ; Loewi, Otto Otto Loewi O'Neill, Eugene Eugene O'Neill Lamas, Carlos Saavedra Carlos Saavedra Lamas -- 1937 Davisson, Clinton Clinton Davisson ; Thomson, George Paget George Paget Thomson Haworth, Norman Norman Haworth ; Karrer, Paul Paul Karrer Szent - Györgyi, Albert Albert Szent - Györgyi du Gard, Roger Martin Roger Martin du Gard Cecil of Chelwood, The Viscount The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood -- 1938 Fermi, Enrico Enrico Fermi Kuhn, Richard Richard Kuhn Heymans, Corneille Corneille Heymans Buck, Pearl S. Pearl S. Buck Nansen International Office For Refugees -- 1939 Lawrence, Ernest Ernest Lawrence Butenandt, Adolf Adolf Butenandt ; Ružička, Leopold Leopold Ružička Domagk, Gerhard Gerhard Domagk Sillanpää, Frans Eemil Frans Eemil Sillanpää None -- 1940 None None None None None -- 1941 None None None None None -- 1942 None None None None None -- 1943 Stern, Otto Otto Stern Hevesy, George de George de Hevesy Dam, Henrik Henrik Dam ; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Edward Adelbert Doisy None None -- 1944 Rabi, Isidor Isaac Isidor Isaac Rabi Hahn, Otto Otto Hahn Erlanger, Joseph Joseph Erlanger ; Gasser, Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer Gasser Jensen, Johannes Vilhelm Johannes Vilhelm Jensen International Committee of the Red Cross -- 1945 Pauli, Wolfgang Wolfgang Pauli Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Fleming, Alexander Alexander Fleming ; Chain, Ernst Boris Ernst Boris Chain ; Florey, Howard Howard Florey Mistral, Gabriela Gabriela Mistral Hull, Cordell Cordell Hull -- 1946 Bridgman, Percy Williams Percy Williams Bridgman Sumner, James B. James B. Sumner ; Northrop, John Howard John Howard Northrop ; Stanley, Wendell Meredith Wendell Meredith Stanley Muller, Hermann Joseph Hermann Joseph Muller Hesse, Hermann Hermann Hesse Balch, Emily Greene Emily Greene Balch ; Mott, John John Mott -- 1947 Appleton, Edward Victor Edward Victor Appleton Robinson, Robert Robert Robinson Cori, Carl Ferdinand Carl Ferdinand Cori ; Cori, Gerty Gerty Cori ; Houssay, Bernardo Bernardo Houssay Gide, André André Gide Friends Service Council ; American Friends Service Committee -- 1948 Blackett, Patrick Patrick Blackett Tiselius, Arne Arne Tiselius Müller, Paul Hermann Paul Hermann Müller Eliot, T.S. T.S. Eliot None -- 1949 Yukawa, Hideki Hideki Yukawa Giauque, William William Giauque Hess, Walter Rudolf Walter Rudolf Hess ; Moniz, António Egas António Egas Moniz Faulkner, William William Faulkner Boyd Orr, John John Boyd Orr -- 1950 Powell, C.F. C.F. Powell Diels, Otto Otto Diels ; Alder, Kurt Kurt Alder Hench, Philip Showalter Philip Showalter Hench ; Kendall, Edward Calvin Edward Calvin Kendall ; Reichstein, Tadeus Tadeus Reichstein Russell, Bertrand Bertrand Russell Bunche, Ralph Ralph Bunche -- 1951 Cockcroft, John John Cockcroft ; Walton, Ernest Ernest Walton McMillan, Edwin Edwin McMillan ; Seaborg, Glenn T. Glenn T. Seaborg Theiler, Max Max Theiler Lagerkvist, Pär Pär Lagerkvist Jouhaux, Léon Léon Jouhaux -- 1952 Bloch, Felix Felix Bloch ; Purcell, Edward Mills Edward Mills Purcell Martin, Archer John Porter Archer John Porter Martin ; Synge, Richard Laurence Millington Richard Laurence Millington Synge Waksman, Selman Selman Waksman Mauriac, François François Mauriac Schweitzer, Albert Albert Schweitzer -- 1953 Zernike, Frits Frits Zernike Staudinger, Hermann Hermann Staudinger Krebs, Hans Adolf Hans Adolf Krebs ; Lipmann, Fritz Albert Fritz Albert Lipmann Churchill, Winston Winston Churchill Marshall, George George Marshall -- 1954 Born, Max Max Born ; Bothe, Walther Walther Bothe Pauling, Linus Linus Pauling Enders, John Franklin John Franklin Enders ; Robbins, Frederick Chapman Frederick Chapman Robbins ; Weller, Thomas Huckle Thomas Huckle Weller Hemingway, Ernest Ernest Hemingway United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees -- 1955 Lamb, Willis Willis Lamb ; Kusch, Polykarp Polykarp Kusch du Vigneaud, Vincent Vincent du Vigneaud Theorell, Hugo Hugo Theorell Laxness, Halldór Halldór Laxness None -- 1956 Bardeen, John John Bardeen ; Brattain, Walter Houser Walter Houser Brattain ; Shockley, William William Shockley Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman Cyril Norman Hinshelwood ; Semyonov, Nikolay Nikolay Semyonov Cournand, André Frédéric André Frédéric Cournand ; Forssmann, Werner Werner Forssmann ; Richards, Dickinson W. Dickinson W. Richards Jiménez, Juan Ramón Juan Ramón Jiménez None -- 1957 Yang, Chen Ning Chen Ning Yang ; Lee, Tsung - Dao Tsung - Dao Lee Todd, The Lord The Lord Todd Bovet, Daniel Daniel Bovet Camus, Albert Albert Camus Pearson, Lester B. Lester B. Pearson -- 1958 Cherenkov, Pavel Pavel Cherenkov ; Frank, Ilya Ilya Frank ; Tamm, Igor Igor Tamm Sanger, Frederick Frederick Sanger Beadle, George Wells George Wells Beadle ; Tatum, Edward Lawrie Edward Lawrie Tatum ; Lederberg, Joshua Joshua Lederberg Pasternak, Boris Boris Pasternak Pire, Dominique Dominique Pire -- 1959 Segrè, Emilio G. Emilio G. Segrè ; Chamberlain, Owen Owen Chamberlain Heyrovský, Jaroslav Jaroslav Heyrovský Kornberg, Arthur Arthur Kornberg ; Ochoa, Severo Severo Ochoa Quasimodo, Salvatore Salvatore Quasimodo Noel - Baker, Philip Philip Noel - Baker -- 1960 Glaser, Donald A. Donald A. Glaser Libby, Willard Willard Libby Burnet, Frank Macfarlane Frank Macfarlane Burnet ; Medawar, Peter Peter Medawar Perse, Saint - John Saint - John Perse Lutuli, Albert Albert Lutuli -- 1961 Hofstadter, Robert Robert Hofstadter ; Mössbauer, Rudolf Rudolf Mössbauer Calvin, Melvin Melvin Calvin von Békésy, Georg Georg von Békésy Andrić, Ivo Ivo Andrić Hammarskjöld, Dag Dag Hammarskjöld -- 1962 Landau, Lev Lev Landau Perutz, Max Max Perutz ; Kendrew, John John Kendrew Crick, Francis Francis Crick ; Watson, James D. James D. Watson ; Wilkins, Maurice Maurice Wilkins Steinbeck, John John Steinbeck Pauling, Linus Linus Pauling -- 1963 Wigner, Eugene Eugene Wigner ; Goeppert - Mayer, Maria Maria Goeppert - Mayer ; Jensen, J. Hans D. J. Hans D. Jensen Ziegler, Karl Karl Ziegler ; Natta, Giulio Giulio Natta Eccles, John John Eccles ; Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd Alan Lloyd Hodgkin ; Huxley, Andrew Andrew Huxley Seferis, Giorgos Giorgos Seferis International Committee of the Red Cross ; League of Red Cross societies -- 1964 Townes, Charles Hard Charles Hard Townes ; Basov, Nikolay Nikolay Basov ; Prokhorov, Alexander Alexander Prokhorov Hodgkin, Dorothy Dorothy Hodgkin Bloch, Konrad Emil Konrad Emil Bloch ; Lynen, Feodor Felix Konrad Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen Sartre, Jean - Paul Jean - Paul Sartre King, Jr., Martin Luther Martin Luther King, Jr. -- 1965 Tomonaga, Sin - Itiro Sin - Itiro Tomonaga ; Schwinger, Julian Julian Schwinger ; Feynman, Richard Richard Feynman Woodward, Robert Burns Robert Burns Woodward Jacob, François François Jacob ; Lwoff, André Michel André Michel Lwoff ; Monod, Jacques Jacques Monod Sholokhov, Mikhail Mikhail Sholokhov United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund ( UNICEF ) -- 1966 Kastler, Alfred Alfred Kastler Mulliken, Robert S. Robert S. Mulliken Rous, Francis Peyton Francis Peyton Rous ; Huggins, Charles Brenton Charles Brenton Huggins Agnon, Shmuel Yosef Shmuel Yosef Agnon ; Sachs, Nelly Nelly Sachs None -- 1967 Bethe, Hans Hans Bethe Eigen, Manfred Manfred Eigen ; Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford Ronald George Wreyford Norrish ; Porter, George George Porter Granit, Ragnar Ragnar Granit ; Hartline, Haldan Keffer Haldan Keffer Hartline ; Wald, George George Wald Asturias, Miguel Ángel Miguel Ángel Asturias None -- 1968 Alvarez, Luis Walter Luis Walter Alvarez Onsager, Lars Lars Onsager Holley, Robert W. Robert W. Holley ; Khorana, Har Gobind Har Gobind Khorana ; Nirenberg, Marshall Warren Marshall Warren Nirenberg Kawabata, Yasunari Yasunari Kawabata Cassin, René René Cassin -- 1969 Gell - Mann, Murray Murray Gell - Mann Barton, Derek Derek Barton ; Hassel, Odd Odd Hassel Delbrück, Max Max Delbrück ; Hershey, Alfred Alfred Hershey ; Luria, Salvador Salvador Luria Beckett, Samuel Samuel Beckett International Labour Organization Frisch, Ragnar Ragnar Frisch ; Tinbergen, Jan Jan Tinbergen 1970 Alfvén, Hannes Hannes Alfvén ; Néel, Louis Louis Néel Leloir, Luis Federico Luis Federico Leloir Axelrod, Julius Julius Axelrod ; von Euler, Ulf Ulf von Euler ; Katz, Bernard Bernard Katz Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Borlaug, Norman Norman Borlaug Samuelson, Paul Paul Samuelson 1971 Gabor, Dennis Dennis Gabor Herzberg, Gerhard Gerhard Herzberg Sutherland, Jr., Earl Wilbur Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. Neruda, Pablo Pablo Neruda Brandt, Willy Willy Brandt Kuznets, Simon Simon Kuznets 1972 Bardeen, John John Bardeen ; Cooper, Leon Leon Cooper ; Schrieffer, John Robert John Robert Schrieffer Anfinsen, Christian B. Christian B. Anfinsen ; Moore, Stanford Stanford Moore ; Stein, William Howard William Howard Stein Edelman, Gerald Gerald Edelman ; Porter, Rodney Robert Rodney Robert Porter Böll, Heinrich Heinrich Böll None Hicks, John John Hicks ; Arrow, Kenneth Kenneth Arrow 1973 Esaki, Leo Leo Esaki ; Giaever, Ivar Ivar Giaever ; Josephson, Brian David Brian David Josephson Fischer, Ernst Otto Ernst Otto Fischer ; Wilkinson, Geoffrey Geoffrey Wilkinson von Frisch, Karl Karl von Frisch ; Lorenz, Konrad Konrad Lorenz ; Tinbergen, Nikolaas Nikolaas Tinbergen White, Patrick Patrick White Kissinger, Henry Henry Kissinger ; Duc Tho, Le Le Duc Tho Leontief, Wassily Wassily Leontief Ryle, Martin Martin Ryle ; Hewish, Antony Antony Hewish Flory, Paul Paul Flory Claude, Albert Albert Claude ; de Duve, Christian Christian de Duve ; Palade, George Emil George Emil Palade Johnson, Eyvind Eyvind Johnson ; Martinson, Harry Harry Martinson MacBride, Seán Seán MacBride ; Satō, Eisaku Eisaku Satō Myrdal, Gunnar Gunnar Myrdal ; Hayek, Friedrich Friedrich Hayek Bohr, Aage Aage Bohr ; Mottelson, Ben Roy Ben Roy Mottelson ; Rainwater, James James Rainwater Cornforth, John John Cornforth ; Prelog, Vladimir Vladimir Prelog Baltimore, David David Baltimore ; Dulbecco, Renato Renato Dulbecco ; Temin, Howard Martin Howard Martin Temin Montale, Eugenio Eugenio Montale Sakharov, Andrei Andrei Sakharov Kantorovich, Leonid Leonid Kantorovich ; Koopmans, Tjalling Tjalling Koopmans 1976 Richter, Burton Burton Richter ; Ting, Samuel C.C. Samuel C.C. Ting Lipscomb, William William Lipscomb Blumberg, Baruch Samuel Baruch Samuel Blumberg ; Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton Daniel Carleton Gajdusek Bellow, Saul Saul Bellow Williams, Betty Betty Williams ; Maguire, Mairead Mairead Maguire Friedman, Milton Milton Friedman 1977 Anderson, Philip Warren Philip Warren Anderson ; Mott, Nevill Francis Nevill Francis Mott ; Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck John Hasbrouck Van Vleck Prigogine, Ilya Ilya Prigogine Guillemin, Roger Roger Guillemin ; Schally, Andrew Andrew Schally ; Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman Rosalyn Sussman Yalow Aleixandre, Vicente Vicente Aleixandre Amnesty International Ohlin, Bertil Bertil Ohlin ; Meade, James James Meade 1978 Kapitsa, Pyotr Pyotr Kapitsa ; Penzias, Arno Allan Arno Allan Penzias ; Wilson, Robert Woodrow Robert Woodrow Wilson Mitchell, Peter D. Peter D. Mitchell Arber, Werner Werner Arber ; Nathans, Daniel Daniel Nathans ; Smith, Hamilton O. Hamilton O. Smith Singer, Isaac Bashevis Isaac Bashevis Singer Sadat, Anwar Anwar Sadat ; Begin, Menachem Menachem Begin Simon, Herbert A. Herbert A. Simon 1979 Glashow, Sheldon Lee Sheldon Lee Glashow ; Salam, Abdus Abdus Salam ; Weinberg, Steven Steven Weinberg Brown, Herbert C. Herbert C. Brown ; Wittig, Georg Georg Wittig Cormack, Allan McLeod Allan McLeod Cormack ; Hounsfield, Godfrey Godfrey Hounsfield Elytis, Odysseas Odysseas Elytis Teresa, Mother Mother Teresa Schultz, Theodore Theodore Schultz ; Lewis, Arthur Arthur Lewis 1980 Cronin, James James Cronin ; Fitch, Val Logsdon Val Logsdon Fitch Berg, Paul Paul Berg ; Gilbert, Walter Walter Gilbert ; Sanger, Frederick Frederick Sanger Benacerraf, Baruj Baruj Benacerraf ; Dausset, Jean Jean Dausset ; Snell, George Davis George Davis Snell Miłosz, Czesław Czesław Miłosz Esquivel, Adolfo Pérez Adolfo Pérez Esquivel Klein, Lawrence Lawrence Klein 1981 Bloembergen, Nicolaas Nicolaas Bloembergen ; Schawlow, Arthur Leonard Arthur Leonard Schawlow ; Siegbahn, Kai Kai Siegbahn Fukui, Kenichi Kenichi Fukui ; Hoffmann, Roald Roald Hoffmann Sperry, Roger Wolcott Roger Wolcott Sperry ; Hubel, David H. David H. Hubel ; Wiesel, Torsten Torsten Wiesel Canetti, Elias Elias Canetti United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Tobin, James James Tobin 1982 Wilson, Kenneth G. Kenneth G. Wilson Klug, Aaron Aaron Klug Bergström, Sune Sune Bergström ; Samuelsson, Bengt I. Bengt I. Samuelsson ; Vane, John John Vane Márquez, Gabriel García Gabriel García Márquez Myrdal, Alva Alva Myrdal ; Robles, Alfonso García Alfonso García Robles Stigler, George George Stigler Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ; Fowler, William Alfred William Alfred Fowler Taube, Henry Henry Taube McClintock, Barbara Barbara McClintock Golding, William William Golding Wałęsa, Lech Lech Wałęsa Debreu, Gérard Gérard Debreu 1984 Rubbia, Carlo Carlo Rubbia ; van der Meer, Simon Simon van der Meer Merrifield, Robert Bruce Robert Bruce Merrifield Jerne, Niels Kaj Niels Kaj Jerne ; Köhler, Georges J.F. Georges J.F. Köhler ; Milstein, César César Milstein Seifert, Jaroslav Jaroslav Seifert Tutu, Desmond Desmond Tutu Stone, Richard Richard Stone 1985 von Klitzing, Klaus Klaus von Klitzing Hauptman, Herbert A. Herbert A. Hauptman ; Karle, Jerome Jerome Karle Brown, Michael Stuart Michael Stuart Brown ; Goldstein, Joseph L. Joseph L. Goldstein Simon, Claude Claude Simon International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Modigliani, Franco Franco Modigliani 1986 Ruska, Ernst Ernst Ruska ; Binnig, Gerd Gerd Binnig ; Rohrer, Heinrich Heinrich Rohrer Herschbach, Dudley R. Dudley R. Herschbach ; Lee, Yuan T. Yuan T. Lee ; Polanyi, John John Polanyi Cohen, Stanley Stanley Cohen ; Levi - Montalcini, Rita Rita Levi - Montalcini Soyinka, Wole Wole Soyinka Wiesel, Elie Elie Wiesel Buchanan, James M. James M. Buchanan Bednorz, Johannes Georg Johannes Georg Bednorz ; Müller, Karl Alexander Karl Alexander Müller Cram, Donald J. Donald J. Cram ; Lehn, Jean - Marie Jean - Marie Lehn ; Pedersen, Charles J. Charles J. Pedersen Tonegawa, Susumu Susumu Tonegawa Brodsky, Joseph Joseph Brodsky Arias, Óscar Óscar Arias Solow, Robert Robert Solow Lederman, Leon M. Leon M. Lederman ; Schwartz, Melvin Melvin Schwartz ; Steinberger, Jack Jack Steinberger Deisenhofer, Johann Johann Deisenhofer ; Huber, Robert Robert Huber ; Michel, Hartmut Hartmut Michel Black, James W. James W. Black ; Elion, Gertrude B. Gertrude B. Elion ; Hitchings, George H. George H. Hitchings Mahfouz, Naguib Naguib Mahfouz United Nations Peace - Keeping Forces Allais, Maurice Maurice Allais Ramsey, Jr., Norman Foster Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. ; Dehmelt, Hans Georg Hans Georg Dehmelt ; Paul, Wolfgang Wolfgang Paul Altman, Sidney Sidney Altman ; Cech, Thomas Thomas Cech Bishop, J. Michael J. Michael Bishop ; Varmus, Harold E. Harold E. Varmus Cela, Camilo José Camilo José Cela Gyatso ( The Dalai Lama ), Tenzin Tenzin Gyatso ( The Dalai Lama ) Haavelmo, Trygve Trygve Haavelmo Friedman, Jerome Isaac Jerome Isaac Friedman ; Kendall, Henry Way Henry Way Kendall ; Taylor, Richard E. Richard E. Taylor Corey, Elias James Elias James Corey Murray, Joseph Joseph Murray ; Thomas, E. Donnall E. Donnall Thomas Paz, Octavio Octavio Paz Gorbachev, Mikhail Mikhail Gorbachev Markowitz, Harry Harry Markowitz ; Miller, Merton Merton Miller ; Sharpe, William F. William F. Sharpe 1991 Gennes, Pierre - Gilles de Pierre - Gilles de Gennes Ernst, Richard R. Richard R. Ernst Neher, Erwin Erwin Neher ; Sakmann, Bert Bert Sakmann Gordimer, Nadine Nadine Gordimer Suu Kyi, Aung San Aung San Suu Kyi Coase, Ronald Ronald Coase Charpak, Georges Georges Charpak Marcus, Rudolph A. Rudolph A. Marcus Fischer, Edmond H. Edmond H. Fischer ; Krebs, Edwin G. Edwin G. Krebs Walcott, Derek Derek Walcott Menchú, Rigoberta Rigoberta Menchú Becker, Gary Gary Becker Hulse, Russell Alan Russell Alan Hulse ; Taylor, Jr., Joseph Hooton Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. Mullis, Kary Kary Mullis ; Smith, Michael Michael Smith Roberts, Richard J. Richard J. Roberts ; Sharp, Phillip Allen Phillip Allen Sharp Morrison, Toni Toni Morrison Mandela, Nelson Nelson Mandela ; de Klerk, F.W. F.W. de Klerk Fogel, Robert Robert Fogel ; North, Douglass Douglass North Brockhouse, Bertram Bertram Brockhouse ; Shull, Clifford Clifford Shull Olah, George Andrew George Andrew Olah Gilman, Alfred G. Alfred G. Gilman ; Rodbell, Martin Martin Rodbell Ōe, Kenzaburō Kenzaburō Ōe Arafat, Yasser Yasser Arafat ; Peres, Shimon Shimon Peres ; Rabin, Yitzhak Yitzhak Rabin Harsanyi, John John Harsanyi ; Nash, Jr., John Forbes John Forbes Nash, Jr. ; Selten, Reinhard Reinhard Selten 1995 Perl, Martin Lewis Martin Lewis Perl ; Reines, Frederick Frederick Reines Crutzen, Paul J. Paul J. Crutzen ; Molina, Mario J. Mario J. Molina ; Rowland, Frank Sherwood Frank Sherwood Rowland Lewis, Edward B. Edward B. Lewis ; Nüsslein - Volhard, Christiane Christiane Nüsslein - Volhard ; Wieschaus, Eric F. Eric F. Wieschaus Heaney, Seamus Seamus Heaney Rotblat, Joseph Joseph Rotblat ; Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Lucas, Jr., Robert Robert Lucas, Jr. Lee, David David Lee ; Osheroff, Douglas Douglas Osheroff ; Richardson, Robert Coleman Robert Coleman Richardson Curl Jr., Robert F. Robert F. Curl Jr. ; Kroto, Harry Harry Kroto ; Smalley, Richard Richard Smalley Doherty, Peter C. Peter C. Doherty ; Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Rolf M. Zinkernagel Szymborska, Wisława Wisława Szymborska Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo ; Ramos - Horta, José José Ramos - Horta Mirrlees, James James Mirrlees ; Vickrey, William William Vickrey Chu, Steven Steven Chu ; Cohen - Tannoudji, Claude Claude Cohen - Tannoudji ; Phillips, William Daniel William Daniel Phillips Boyer, Paul D. Paul D. Boyer ; Walker, John E. John E. Walker ; Skou, Jens Christian Jens Christian Skou Prusiner, Stanley B. Stanley B. Prusiner Fo, Dario Dario Fo International Campaign to Ban Landmines ; Williams, Jody Jody Williams Merton, Robert C. Robert C. Merton ; Scholes, Myron Myron Scholes 1998 Laughlin, Robert B. Robert B. Laughlin ; Störmer, Horst Ludwig Horst Ludwig Störmer ; Tsui, Daniel C. Daniel C. Tsui Kohn, Walter Walter Kohn ; Pople, John John Pople Furchgott, Robert F. Robert F. Furchgott ; Ignarro, Louis Louis Ignarro ; Murad, Ferid Ferid Murad Saramago, José José Saramago Hume, John John Hume ; Trimble, David David Trimble Sen, Amartya Amartya Sen 1999 Hooft, Gerard ' tGerard ' t Hooft ; Veltman, Martinus J.G. Martinus J.G. Veltman Zewail, Ahmed Ahmed Zewail Blobel, Günter Günter Blobel Grass, Günter Günter Grass Médecins Sans Frontières Mundell, Robert Robert Mundell 2000 Alferov, Zhores Zhores Alferov ; Kroemer, Herbert Herbert Kroemer ; Kilby, Jack Jack Kilby Heeger, Alan J. Alan J. Heeger ; MacDiarmid, Alan Alan MacDiarmid ; Shirakawa, Hideki Hideki Shirakawa Carlsson, Arvid Arvid Carlsson ; Greengard, Paul Paul Greengard ; Kandel, Eric Eric Kandel Xingjian, Gao Gao Xingjian Dae - jung, Kim Kim Dae - jung Heckman, James James Heckman ; McFadden, Daniel Daniel McFadden Cornell, Eric Allin Eric Allin Cornell ; Ketterle, Wolfgang Wolfgang Ketterle ; Wieman, Carl Carl Wieman Knowles, William Standish William Standish Knowles ; Noyori, Ryōji Ryōji Noyori ; Sharpless, Karl Barry Karl Barry Sharpless Hartwell, Leland H. Leland H. Hartwell ; Hunt, Tim Tim Hunt ; Nurse, Paul Paul Nurse Naipaul, V.S. V.S. Naipaul United Nations ; Annan, Kofi Kofi Annan Akerlof, George George Akerlof ; Spence, Michael Michael Spence ; Stiglitz, Joseph Joseph Stiglitz 2002 Davis, Jr., Raymond Raymond Davis, Jr. ; Koshiba, Masatoshi Masatoshi Koshiba ; Giacconi, Riccardo Riccardo Giacconi Fenn, John John Fenn ; Tanaka, Koichi Koichi Tanaka ; Wüthrich, Kurt Kurt Wüthrich Brenner, Sydney Sydney Brenner ; Horvitz, H. Robert H. Robert Horvitz ; Sulston, John John Sulston Kertész, Imre Imre Kertész Carter, Jimmy Jimmy Carter Kahneman, Daniel Daniel Kahneman ; Smith, Vernon L. Vernon L. Smith 2003 Abrikosov, Alexei Alexeyevich Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ; Ginzburg, Vitaly Vitaly Ginzburg ; Leggett, Anthony James Anthony James Leggett Agre, Peter Peter Agre ; MacKinnon, Roderick Roderick MacKinnon Lauterbur, Paul Paul Lauterbur ; Mansfield, Peter Peter Mansfield Coetzee, J.M. J.M. Coetzee Ebadi, Shirin Shirin Ebadi Engle, Robert F. Robert F. Engle ; Granger, Clive Clive Granger Gross, David David Gross ; Politzer, Hugh David Hugh David Politzer ; Wilczek, Frank Frank Wilczek Ciechanover, Aaron Aaron Ciechanover ; Hershko, Avram Avram Hershko ; Rose, Irwin Irwin Rose Axel, Richard Richard Axel ; Buck, Linda B. Linda B. Buck Jelinek, Elfriede Elfriede Jelinek Maathai, Wangari Wangari Maathai Kydland, Finn E. Finn E. Kydland ; Prescott, Edward C. Edward C. Prescott 2005 Glauber, Roy J. Roy J. Glauber ; Hall, John L. John L. Hall ; Hänsch, Theodor W. Theodor W. Hänsch Chauvin, Yves Yves Chauvin ; Grubbs, Robert H. Robert H. Grubbs ; Schrock, Richard R. Richard R. Schrock Marshall, Barry Barry Marshall ; Warren, Robin Robin Warren Pinter, Harold Harold Pinter International Atomic Energy Agency ; ElBaradei, Mohamed Mohamed ElBaradei Aumann, Robert Robert Aumann ; Schelling, Thomas Thomas Schelling 2006 Mather, John C. John C. Mather ; Smoot, George George Smoot Kornberg, Roger D. Roger D. Kornberg Fire, Andrew Andrew Fire ; Mello, Craig Craig Mello Pamuk, Orhan Orhan Pamuk Yunus, Muhammad Muhammad Yunus ; Grameen Bank Phelps, Edmund Edmund Phelps 2007 Fert, Albert Albert Fert ; Grünberg, Peter Peter Grünberg Ertl, Gerhard Gerhard Ertl Capecchi, Mario Mario Capecchi ; Evans, Martin Martin Evans ; Smithies, Oliver Oliver Smithies Lessing, Doris Doris Lessing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Gore, Al Al Gore Hurwicz, Leonid Leonid Hurwicz ; Maskin, Eric Eric Maskin ; Myerson, Roger Roger Myerson 2008 Nambu, Yoichiro Yoichiro Nambu ; Kobayashi, Makoto Makoto Kobayashi ; Maskawa, Toshihide Toshihide Maskawa Shimomura, Osamu Osamu Shimomura ; Chalfie, Martin Martin Chalfie ; Tsien, Roger Y. Roger Y. Tsien zur Hausen, Harald Harald zur Hausen ; Barré - Sinoussi, Françoise Françoise Barré - Sinoussi ; Montagnier, Luc Luc Montagnier Le Clézio, J.M.G. J.M.G. Le Clézio Ahtisaari, Martti Martti Ahtisaari Krugman, Paul Paul Krugman 2009 Kao, Charles K. Charles K. Kao ; Boyle, Willard S. Willard S. Boyle ; Smith, George E. George E. Smith Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ; Steitz, Thomas A. Thomas A. Steitz ; Yonath, Ada Ada Yonath Blackburn, Elizabeth Elizabeth Blackburn ; Greider, Carol W. Carol W. Greider ; Szostak, Jack W. Jack W. Szostak Müller, Herta Herta Müller Obama, Barack Barack Obama Ostrom, Elinor Elinor Ostrom ; Williamson, Oliver E. Oliver E. Williamson Geim, Andre Andre Geim ; Novoselov, Konstantin Konstantin Novoselov Heck, Richard F. Richard F. Heck ; Negishi, Ei - ichi Ei - ichi Negishi ; Suzuki, Akira Akira Suzuki Edwards, Robert G. Robert G. Edwards Vargas Llosa, Mario Mario Vargas Llosa Xiaobo, Liu Liu Xiaobo Diamond, Peter A. Peter A. Diamond ; Mortensen, Dale T. Dale T. Mortensen ; Pissarides, Christopher A. Christopher A. Pissarides 2011 Perlmutter, Saul Saul Perlmutter ; Riess, Adam G. Adam G. Riess ; Schmidt, Brian Brian Schmidt Shechtman, Dan Dan Shechtman Beutler, Bruce Bruce Beutler ; Hoffmann, Jules A. Jules A. Hoffmann ; Steinman, Ralph M. Ralph M. Steinman Tranströmer, Tomas Tomas Tranströmer Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ; Gbowee, Leymah Leymah Gbowee ; Karman, Tawakel Tawakel Karman Sargent, Thomas J. Thomas J. Sargent ; Sims, Christopher A. Christopher A. Sims 2012 Haroche, Serge Serge Haroche ; J. Wineland, David David J. Wineland Kobilka, Brian K. Brian K. Kobilka ; Lefkowitz, Robert J. Robert J. Lefkowitz Gurdon, John B. John B. Gurdon ; Yamanaka, Shinya Shinya Yamanaka Yan, Mo Mo Yan Union, European European Union Roth, Alvin E. Alvin E. Roth ; Shapley, Lloyd S. Lloyd S. Shapley 2013 Englert, François François Englert ; Higgs, Peter W. Peter W. Higgs Karplus, Martin Martin Karplus ; Levitt, Michael Michael Levitt ; Warshel, Arieh Arieh Warshel Rothman, James E. James E. Rothman ; Schekman, Randy W. Randy W. Schekman ; Südhof, Thomas C. Thomas C. Südhof Munro, Alice Alice Munro for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Organisation Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Fama, Eugene F. Eugene F. Fama ; Hansen, Lars Peter Lars Peter Hansen ; Shiller, Robert J. Robert J. Shiller 2014 Akasaki, Isamu Isamu Akasaki ; Amano, Hiroshi Hiroshi Amano ; Nakamura, Shuji Shuji Nakamura Betzig, Eric Eric Betzig ; Hell, Stefan Stefan Hell ; Moerner, William William Moerner O'Keefe, John John O'Keefe ; Moser, May - Britt May - Britt Moser ; Moser, Edvard Edvard Moser Modiano, Patrick Patrick Modiano Satyarthi, Kailash Kailash Satyarthi ; Yousafzai, Malala Malala Yousafzai Tirole, Jean Jean Tirole 2015 Kajita, Takaaki Takaaki Kajita ; McDonald, Arthur B. Arthur B. McDonald Lindahl, Tomas Tomas Lindahl ; Modrich, Paul L. Paul L. Modrich ; Sancar, Aziz Aziz Sancar Campbell, William C. William C. Campbell ; Ōmura, Satoshi Satoshi Ōmura ; Youyou, Tu Tu Youyou Alexievich, Svetlana Svetlana Alexievich National Dialogue Quartet, Tunisian Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet Deaton, Angus Angus Deaton 2016 J. Thouless, David David J. Thouless ; Haldane, Duncan Duncan Haldane ; Kosterlitz, John M. John M. Kosterlitz Sauvage, Jean - Pierre Jean - Pierre Sauvage ; Stoddart, Fraser Fraser Stoddart ; Feringa, Ben Ben Feringa Ohsumi, Yoshinori Yoshinori Ohsumi Dylan, Bob Bob Dylan Santos, Juan Manuel Juan Manuel Santos Hart, Oliver Oliver Hart ; Holmström, Bengt R. Bengt R. Holmström 2017 Weiss, Rainer Rainer Weiss ; Barish, Barry Barry Barish ; Thorne, Kip Kip Thorne Dubochet, Jacques Jacques Dubochet ; Frank, Joachim Joachim Frank ; Henderson, Richard Richard Henderson Hall, Jeffrey C. Jeffrey C. Hall ; Rosbash, Michael Michael Rosbash ; Young, Michael W. Michael W. Young Ishiguro, Kazuo Kazuo Ishiguro Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, International International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons Thaler, Richard Richard Thaler Year Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature Peace Economics Notes In 1938 and 1939, the government of Germany did not allow three German Nobel nominees to accept their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1938 ; Adolf Butenandt, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1939 ; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money. In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation 's website suggests that it would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, however, due to his assassination earlier that year, it was left unassigned in his honor. In 1958, Russian - born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1964, Jean - Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past. In 1973, Lê Ðức Thọ declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it because although he helped negotiate the Paris Peace Accords ( a cease - fire in the Vietnam War ), there had been no actual peace agreement. In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to 11 years of imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. See also List of Nobel laureates by country List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation Nobel Prize laureates by secondary school affiliation References General `` All Nobel Laureates in Physics ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. `` All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. `` All Nobel Laureates in Medicine ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. `` All Nobel Laureates in Literature ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. `` All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. `` All Laureates in Economics ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 25. Specific Jump up ^ `` Alfred Nobel -- The Man Behind the Nobel Prize ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 27. ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 27. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Awarders ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008 - 10 - 15. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 27. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Amounts ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008 - 07 - 31. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 27. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008 - 08 - 22. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 27. Jump up ^ `` List of All Nobel Laureates 1942 ''. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008 - 12 - 08. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 30. ^ Jump up to : Lundestad, Geir ( 2001 - 03 - 15 ). `` The Nobel Peace Prize 1901 - 2000 ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 30. Jump up ^ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/index.html ^ Jump up to : `` Nobel Prize Facts ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 11. Jump up ^ `` Women Nobel Laureates ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 11. Jump up ^ `` 2016 Nobel Prizes - Prize Announcement Dates ''. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2016. Jump up ^ Tønnesson, Øyvind ( December 1, 1999 ). `` Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved January 3, 2010. Later, there have been speculations that the committee members could have had another deceased peace worker than Gandhi in mind when they declared that there was `` no suitable living candidate '', namely the Swedish UN envoy to Palestine, Count Bernadotte, who was murdered in September 1948. Today, this can be ruled out ; Bernadotte had not been nominated in 1948. Thus it seems reasonable to assume that Gandhi would have been invited to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize had he been alive one more year. Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Presentation Speech ''. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved October 10, 2011. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nobel laureates. Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Official website of the Nobel Foundation Downloadable Database of Nobel Laureates Nobel Prizes Lists of Nobel laureates Prizes Chemistry Economics Literature Peace Physics Physiology or Medicine Laureates by subject Chemistry Economics Literature Peace Physics Physiology or Medicine by criterion African Arab Asian Black Female Latino and Hispanic Jewish by country Argentine Australian Belgian Chinese Danish Hungarian Indian Israeli Italian Japanese Korean Liberian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Spanish Swedish Turkish Welsh by religion Christian Jewish Muslim Non-religious by year By year by university affiliation University affiliation by occupation Head of Government and State Committees and organisations Nobel Foundation Nobel Committees Chemistry Economics Physics Physiology or Medicine Norwegian Nobel Committee Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet Related topics Controversies Other prizes Alfred Nobel Nobel Memorial Prize ( not one of the original Nobel Prizes ). 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Question: who has won the nobel peace prize twice
Answer: UNHCR