Kannauj - Wikipedia Kannauj This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Kannauj district. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2013 ) city in Uttar Pradesh, India Kannauj city Nickname ( s ) : Perfume Capital of India ; Grasse of the East Kannauj Kannauj Show map of India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Show all Coordinates : 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E ﻿ / 27.07 ; 79.92 Coordinates : 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E ﻿ / 27.07 ; 79.92 Country India State Uttar Pradesh District Kannauj Elevation 139 m ( 456 ft ) Population ( 2001 ) Total 1,656,616 Languages Official Hindi / Urdu Time zone IST ( UTC + 5 : 30 ) Vehicle registration UP - 74 Website www.kannauj.nic.in Kannauj also spelt Kanauj, is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city 's name is a modern form of the classical name Kanyakubja ( The city of the hunchbacked maidens ). It was also known as Mahodaya during the time of Mihira Bhoja. Kannauj is an ancient city, in earlier times the capital of the Empire of Harsha under Emperor Harsha. It is said that Kanyakubja Brahmins of whom Shandilya ( of whom Rishi Bharadwaj was one of the disciples ) is held to have constituted one of the three prominent families originally from Kannauj. Kannauj famous for distilling of scents is known as India 's perfume capital and is famous for its traditional Kannauj Perfume, a government protected entity Kannauj itself has more than 200 perfume distilleries and is a market center for tobacco, Ittar ( perfume ), and rose water. It has given its name to a distinct dialect of the Hindi and Urdu language known as Kanauji, which has two different codes or registers. Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 The Kannauj Triangle 1.3 Medieval times 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 Colleges 4.1 Medical College 4.2 Engineering College 5 Transportation 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links History Early History Archaeological discoveries show that Kannauj was inhabited by the Painted Grey Ware and Northern Black Polished Ware cultures, ca. 1200 - 600 BCE and ca. 700 - 200 BCE, respectively. Under the name of Kanyakubja, it is mentioned as a well - known town in the Hindu Epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, and by the grammarian Patanjali ( ca. 150 BCE ). The early Buddhist literature mentions Kannauj as Kannakujja, and refers to its location on the trade route from Mathura to Varanasi and Rajgir. Kannauj may have been known to the Greco - Roman civilization under the name of Kanagora or Kanogiza, which appears in Geography by Ptolemy ( ca. 140 CE ), but this identification is not confirmed. It was also visited by the Chinese Buddhist travelers Faxian and Xuanzang in the fifth and seventh centuries CE, respectively. Kannauj formed part of the Gupta Empire. During the decline of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century, the Maukhari Dynasty of Kannauj - who had served as vassal rulers under the Guptas - took advantage of the weakening of central authority, broke away and established control over large areas of northern India. Under the Maukharis, Kannauj continued to grow in importance and prosperity. It became the greatest city of Northern India under Emperor Harsha ( r. 606 to 647 CE ), who conquered it and made it his capital. Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited India during the reign of Harsha, and described Kannauj as a large, prosperous city with many Buddhist monasteries. Harsha died with no heir, resulting in a power vacuum until Yashovarman seized power as the ruler of Kannauj. The Kannauj Triangle Kannauj remained a focal point for the three powerful dynasties, namely the Gurjara Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas, between the 8th and 10th centuries. The conflict between the three dynasties has been referred to as the Tripartite struggle by many historians. The Kanauj Triangle was the focal point of three empires : the Rashtrakutas of Deccan, the Gurjara Pratiharas of Malwa, and the Palas of Bengal. Coin of the Maukharis of Kanauj. King Isanavarman. Circa 535 - 553 CE. There were initial struggles but ultimately the Gurjara Pratiharas succeeded in retaining the city. The Gurjara - Pratiharas ruled Avanti ( based at Ujjain ), which was bounded to the South by the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Pala dynasty to the East. The Tripartite Struggle began with the defeat of Indrayudh at the hands of Gurjara - Pratihara ruler Vatsaraja. The Pala ruler Dharampala was also keen to establish his authority at Kannauj, giving rise to a struggle between Vatsaraja and Dharampala. Dharampala was however defeated. Taking advantage of the chaos, the Rastrakuta ruler Dhruva surged northwards, defeated Vatsaraja, and took Kannauj for himself, completing the furthest northern expansion by a South Indian ruler. When the Rashtrakuta ruler advanced back to south, Dharampala was left in control of Kannauj for some time. The struggle between the two northern dynasties continued : the Pala Chakrayudh was defeated by the Pratihara Nagabhata II, and Kannauj was again occupied by the Gurjara Pratiharas. Dharampala tried to take control of Kannauj but was defeated badly at Moongher by the Gurjara Pratiharas. However, Nagabhata II was in turn soon defeated by the Rashtrakuta Govinda III, who had initiated a second northern surge. An inscription states that Chakrayudh and Dharampala invited Govinda III to war against the Gurjara Pratiharas, but Dharampala and Chakrayudh both submitted to the Govinda III, in order to win his sympathy. After this defeat Pratihara power degenerated for some time. After the death of Dharampala, Nagabhata II regained hold over Kannuaj and made it the capital of the Gurjara Pratihara Empire. During this period the Rashtrakutas were facing some internal conflicts, and so they, as well as the Palas, did not contest this. Thus Gurjara Pratiharas became the greatest power in Northern India after occupying Kannauj. Medieval times Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznavi captured Kanauj in 1018. Chandradeva founded the Gahadvala dynasty with its capital at Kanauj around 1090. His grandson Govindachandra `` raised Kanauj to unprecedented glory. '' Muhammad Ghori advanced against the city, and in the Battle of Chandwar of 1193, killed Jayachandra. Alberuni has referred to `` Kanoj '' as the key geographical point to explain marching distances to other Indian cities ( Indica, Vol 1, from p 199 onwards, Translated by Dr Edward C. Sachau, London 1910 ). The `` glory of Imperial Kanauj '' ended with Iltutmish 's conquest. Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun at the battle of Kannauj on 17 May 1540. During early English rule in India, the city was spelled Cannodge by them. Geography Kannauj is located at 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E ﻿ / 27.07 ; 79.92. It has an average elevation of 139 metres ( 456 feet ). Demographics As of 2001 India Census, Kannauj had a population of 71,530. Males constitute 53 % of the population and females 47 %. Kannauj has an average literacy rate of 58 %, lower than the national average of 59.5 % : male literacy is 64 %, and female literacy is 52 %. In Kannauj, 15 % of the population is under 6 years of age. Colleges Medical college Government Medical College, Kannauj is a government medical college located in Tirwa of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is affiliated to King George 's Medical University, Lucknow. In 2012, the institute become recognized for 100 M.B.B.S. seats by Medical Council of India ( MCI ). Engineering college Government Engineering College, Kannauj is a government engineering college located at tirwa of Kannauj. It is a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University ( formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University ) in Lucknow, and has its temporary campus at Harcourt Butler Technical University in Kanpur. Government paramedical college located at tirwa of kannauj district Transportation The city is served by two major railway station Kannauj railway station and Kannauj City railway station. 22443 / Kanpur - Mumbai Bandra ( T. ) ( Weekly ) SF Express passes through Kannauj railway station on the way from Kanpur Central railway station to Farrukhabad Junction railway station at evening 7 : 30 PM every Wednesday. Return train reaches at 5 : 52 AM. See also Thakkar Pheru References Jump up ^ Rama Shankar Tripathi ( 1989 ). History of Kanauj : To the Moslem Conquest. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 2. ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 0404 - 3, ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 0404 - 3. Jump up ^ Tripathi, History of Kanauj, p. 192 Jump up ^ Upinder Singh ( 2008 ). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India. Pearson Education India. p. 575. ISBN 9788131711200. ^ Jump up to : `` Life : India 's perfume capital threatened by scent of modernity ''. The Taipei Times. Retrieved 10 February 2016. Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Kanauj ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. p. 648. Jump up ^ Dilip K. Chakrabarti ( 2007 ), Archaeological geography of the Ganga plain : the upper Ganga ( Oudh, Rohilkhand, and the Doab ), p. 47 Jump up ^ Rama S. Tripathi, History of Kanauj : To the Moslem Conquest ( Motilal Banarsidass, 1964 ), pp. 2, 15 - 16 Jump up ^ Moti Chandra ( 1977 ), Trade Routes in Ancient India pp. 16 - 18 Jump up ^ Tripathi, History of Kanauj, pp. 17 - 19 Jump up ^ Tripathi, History of Kanauj, pp. 22 - 24 Jump up ^ Tripathi, History of Kanauj, p. 147 Jump up ^ James Heitzman, The City in South Asia ( Routledge, 2008 ), p. 36 Jump up ^ Heizman, The City in South Asia, pp. 36 - 37 Jump up ^ Tripathi, History of Kanauj, p. 192 ^ Jump up to : Pratiyogita Darpan. Upkar Prakashan. p. 9. ^ Jump up to : R.C. Majumdar ( 1994 ). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 282 -- 285. ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 0436 - 4, ISBN 978 - 81 - 208 - 0436 - 4. Jump up ^ Kumar Sundram ( 2007 ). Compendium General Knowledge. Upkar Prakashan. p. 195. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7482 - 181 - 2, ISBN 978 - 81 - 7482 - 181 - 2. Jump up ^ Pratiyogita Darpan. Upkar Prakashan. Jump up ^ Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi : Primus Books, ISBN 9789380607344 Jump up ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc -- Kannauj Jump up ^ `` Census of India 2001 : Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns ( Provisional ) ''. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004 - 06 - 16. Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 01. https://web.archive.org/web/20121231082513/http://www.jnvkannauj.org/history.php Further reading Majumdar, R.C., In Pusalker, A.D., In Majumdar, A.K., & Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,. ( 1993 ). The age of imperial Kanauj. External links District Kannauj Website. ( 1 ) History of Kanauj : To the Moslem Conquest By Rama Shankar Tripathi PincodeDirectory.net Cities and towns in Kannauj district Kannauj Chhibramau Gursahaiganj Kannauj Samdhan Saurikh Sikanderpur Talgram Tirwa Other districts Agra Aligarh Allahabad Ambedkar Nagar Amethi Amroha Auraiya Azamgarh Badaun Bagpat Bahraich Ballia Balrampur Banda Barabanki Bareilly Basti Bhimnagar Bijnor Bulandshahr Chandauli Chitrakoot Deoria Etah Etawah Faizabad Farrukhabad Fatehpur Firozabad Gautam Buddha Nagar Ghaziabad Ghazipur Gonda Gorakhpur Hamirpur Hardoi Hathras Jalaun Jaunpur Jhansi Kanpur Nagar Kanshi Ram Nagar Kaushambi Kushinagar Lakhimpur Kheri Lalitpur Lucknow Maharajganj Mahoba Mainpuri Mathura Mau Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Muzaffarnagar Panchsheel Nagar Pilibhit Prabuddhanagar Pratapgarh Raebareli Ramabai Nagar Rampur Saharanpur Sant Kabir Nagar Sant Ravidas Nagar Shahjahanpur Shravasti Siddharthnagar Sitapur Sonbhadra Sultanpur Unnao Varanasi Historical places of Rashtrakuta dynasty Achalpur Baroda Bhadgaon Elephanta Caves Ellora Caves Jura near Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh Kailasa temple, Ellora Kamthana Kannauj Kuknur Latur Malwa Mandore Manpur, Indore Manyakheta Mayuragiri Naregal Pataleshwar, Pune Pattadakal Rajputana Satara Saundatti Tardavadi province in modern Bijapur district Kanpur division topics General Doab Dainik Jagran National Chambal Sanctuary Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary Etawah Safari Park Mythology, history Panchala Panchala Kingdom Siege of Cawnpore Second Battle of Cawnpore Districts Auraiya Etawah Farrukhabad Kannauj Kanpur Negar Kanpur Dehat Tehsils Saifai Rivers, dams, lakes Chambal Ganges Kali Ramganga Sindh Yamuna Ganges Barrage Moti Jheel Languages, people Awadhi Braj Bhasha Hindustani Kannauji Khariboli Standard Hindi Urdu Transport NH 2 Grand Trunk Road NH 26 NH 86 NH 96 SMSKBT Kanpur over-bridge Kanpur Airport IIT Kanpur Airport Kanpur Civil Airport Kanpur Central railway station Kanpur Anwarganj railway station Govind Nagar Panki Chandari Junction railway station Chakeri Shuklaganj Rawatpur Kalianpur Mandhana Bithoor Chobepur Maharajpur Saifai Airport Sarsaul Bhaupur Gangaghat Magarwara Howrah -- Delhi main line Lucknow -- Kanpur Suburban Railway Kanpur Monorail Kanpur Metro Kanpur Metropolitan Bus Service Industries Panki Thermal Power Station Lohia Machinery Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India British India Corporation Rupani Footwear Institutes of higher learning Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Harcourt Butler Technological Institute Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kanpur Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences Lok Sabha constituencies in Megapolitan Region Kanpur Akbarpur Ghatampur Bilhaur Unnao Auraiya Fatehpur Sikandra See also Cities and towns in Auraiya district Cities and towns in Etawah district Cities and towns in Farrukhabad district Cities and towns in Kannauj district Cities and towns in Kanpur district Cities and towns in Ramabai Nagar district Villages in Auraiya district Villages in Etawah district Villages in Farrukhabad district Villages in Kannauj district Villages in Kanpur district Villages in Ramabai Nagar district People from Etawah People from Farrukhabad People from Kanpur People from Ramabai Nagar district Kanpur topics Other divisions Agra Aligarh Allahabad Azamgarh Bareilly Basti Chitrakoot Devipatan Faizabad Gorakhpur Jhansi Lucknow Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Saharanpur Varanasi Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannauj&oldid=854660099 '' Categories : History of Uttar Pradesh Former capital cities in India Kannauj Rashtrakuta dynasty Pratihara empire Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Use Indian English from March 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from March 2015 Articles needing additional references from June 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú भोजपुरी Български Català Cebuano Deutsch Esperanto فارسی Français ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Italiano Kapampangan ქართული Malagasy मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Русский संस्कृतम् Svenska தமிழ் Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 27 more Edit links This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 23 : 16 ( UTC ). 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Question: which uttar pradesh city is know as the 'grasse of the east'
Answer: Kannauj