Local Group - wikipedia Local Group Local Group of galaxies, including the massive members Messier 31 ( Andromeda Galaxy ) and Milky Way, as well as other nearby galaxies. Distribution of the iron content ( in logarithmic scale ) in four dwarf neighbouring galaxies of the Milky Way The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way. The Local Group comprises more than 54 galaxies, most of them dwarf galaxies. Between 1 billion and 1 trillion years from now, they will collide and form a single galaxy. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. The Local Group has a diameter of 10 Mly ( 3.1 Mpc ) ( about 10 meters ) and has a binary ( dumbbell ) distribution. The group itself is a part of the larger Virgo Supercluster, which may be a part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The three largest members of the group ( in decreasing order ) are the Andromeda Galaxy, the Milky Way and the Triangulum Galaxy. The larger two of these spiral galaxies each have their own system of satellite galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy 's satellite system consists of Messier 32 ( M32 ), Messier 110 ( M110 ), NGC 147, NGC 185, Andromeda I ( And I ), And II, And III, And V, And VI ( also known as Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, or Pegasus DSph ), And VII ( also known as Cassiopeia Dwarf Galaxy ), And VIII, And IX, And X, And XI, And XIX, And XXI and And XXII, plus several additional ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Milky Way 's satellite galaxies system comprises Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy ( disputed, considered by some not a galaxy ), Ursa Minor Dwarf Galaxy, Draco Dwarf Galaxy, Carina Dwarf Galaxy, Sextans Dwarf Galaxy, Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy, Fornax Dwarf Galaxy, Leo I ( a dwarf galaxy ), Leo II ( a dwarf galaxy ), and Ursa Major I Dwarf Galaxy and Ursa Major II Dwarf Galaxy, plus several additional ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The Triangulum Galaxy may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. Pisces Dwarf Galaxy is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either. The membership of NGC 3109, with its companions Sextans A and the Antlia Dwarf Galaxy, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group. The other members of the group are likely gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups : IC 10, IC 1613, Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy, Leo A, Tucana Dwarf Galaxy, Cetus Dwarf Galaxy, Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy, Wolf -- Lundmark -- Melotte, Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy, and Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy. Contents 1 History 2 Component galaxies 2.1 Map 2.2 List of galactic bodies 3 Other objects 4 See also 5 References 6 External links History The term `` The Local Group '' was introduced by Edwin Hubble in Chapter VI of his 1936 book The Realm of the Nebulae. There, he described it as `` a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field '' and delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be M31, Milky Way, M33, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, M32, NGC 205, NGC 6822, NGC 185, IC 1613 and NGC 147. He also identified IC 10 as a possible part of Local Group. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members had increased from his initial 12 to 36. Component galaxies Map Local Group ( clickable map ) List of Galactic bodies Spiral galaxies name type constellation notes Andromeda Galaxy ( M31, NGC 224 ) SA ( s ) b Andromeda ~ 220 kly in diameter, it is the largest and most massive galaxy in the group. Milky Way SBbc Sagittarius ( centre ) As large as Andromeda galaxy, between 150 and 180kly, home 500 - 580 billion stars. Triangulum Galaxy ( M33, NGC 598 ) SA ( s ) cd Triangulum Third largest, only unbarred spiral galaxy and possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy. Triangulum Galaxy has mass of ~ 50 billion solar masses and is Home to ~ 60 billion stars. Elliptical galaxies name type constellation notes M32 ( NGC 221 ) E2 Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Irregular galaxies name type constellation notes Wolf -- Lundmark -- Melotte ( WLM, DDO 221 ) Ir+ Cetus IC 10 KBm or Ir+ Cassiopeia Small Magellanic Cloud ( SMC, NGC 292 ) SB ( s ) m pec Tucana satellite of Milky Way, 6th largest galaxy in the local group with mass of between 7.5 and 8 billion solar mass. Canis Major Dwarf Irr Canis Major satellite of Milky Way Pisces Dwarf ( LGS3 ) Irr Pisces satellite of the Triangulum Galaxy ? IC 1613 ( UGC 668 ) IAB ( s ) m V Cetus Phoenix Dwarf Irr Phoenix Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) Irr / SB ( s ) m Dorado Fourth largest member of the group, satellite of Milky Way, mass between 10 and 85 billion solar masses. Recent finding puts it at 10 % mass of Milky Way Galaxy. Leo A ( Leo III ) IBm V Leo Sextans B ( UGC 5373 ) Ir + IV - V Sextans NGC 3109 Ir + IV - V Hydra Sextans A ( UGCA 205 ) Ir + V Sextans Aquarius Dwarf ( DDO 210 ) IB ( s ) m Aquarius Distance 3.2 million light years. Quite isolated in space, membership to Local Group established in 1999 Dwarf elliptical galaxies name type constellation notes M110 ( NGC 205 ) dE6p Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy and 5th largest galaxy with the mass of 9.3 billion solar masses. NGC 147 ( DDO 3 ) dE5 pec Cassiopeia satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy SagDIG ( Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy ) IB ( s ) m V Sagittarius Most remote from barycenter member thought to be in the Local Group. NGC 6822 ( Barnard 's Galaxy ) IB ( s ) m IV - V Sagittarius Pegasus Dwarf ( Pegasus Dwarf Irregular, DDO 216 ) Irr Pegasus Dwarf spheroidal galaxies name type constellation notes Boötes I dSph Boötes Cetus Dwarf dSph / E4 Cetus Canes Venatici I Dwarf and Canes Venatici II Dwarf dSph Canes Venatici KKs 3 dSph Andromeda III dE2 Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy NGC 185 dE3 pec Cassiopeia satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Andromeda I dE3 pec Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Sculptor Dwarf ( E351 - G30 ) dE3 Sculptor satellite of Milky Way Andromeda V dSph Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Andromeda II dE0 Andromeda satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Fornax Dwarf ( E356 - G04 ) dSph / E2 Fornax satellite of Milky Way Carina Dwarf ( E206 - G220 ) dE3 Carina satellite of Milky Way Antlia Dwarf dE3 / dSph / Irr ? Antlia Leo I ( DDO 74 ) dE3 Leo satellite of Milky Way Sextans Dwarf dE3 Sextans satellite of Milky Way Leo II ( Leo B) dE0 pec Leo satellite of Milky Way Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 Ursa Minor satellite of Milky Way Draco Dwarf ( DDO 208 ) dE0 pec Draco satellite of Milky Way SagDSG ( Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy ) dSph / E7 Sagittarius satellite of Milky Way Tucana Dwarf dE5 Tucana Cassiopeia Dwarf ( Andromeda VII ) dSph Cassiopeia satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy ( Andromeda VI ) dSph Pegasus satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy Ursa Major I Dwarf and Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph Ursa Major satellite of Milky Way Leo IV dSph Leo satellite of the Milky Way Leo V dSph Leo satellite of the Milky Way Leo T dSph / Irr Leo satellite of the Milky Way Boötes II dSph Boötes satellite of the Milky Way Boötes III dSph Boötes satellite of the Milky Way Coma Berenices dSph Coma Berenices satellite of the Milky Way Segue 2 dSph Aries satellite of the Milky Way Hercules dSph Hercules satellite of the Milky Way Pisces II dSph Pisces satellite of the Milky Way Reticulum II dSph Reticulum satellite of the Milky Way Eridanus II dSph Eridanus probable satellite of the Milky Way Grus dSph Grus satellite of the Milky Way Tucana II dSph Tucana satellite of the Milky Way Identification unclear name type constellation notes Virgo Stellar Stream dSph ( remnant ) ? Virgo In the process of merging with the Milky Way Willman 1 dSph or Globular Cluster Ursa Major 147,000 light - years away UGCA 86 ( 0355 + 66 ) Irr, dE or S0 Camelopardalis UGCA 92 ( EGB0427 + 63 ) Irr or S0 Camelopardalis Horologium dSph or Globular Cluster Horologium satellite of the Milky Way. Not to be confused with the Horologium Supercluster. Pictoris dSph or Globular Cluster Pictor satellite of the Milky Way Phoenix II dSph or Globular Cluster Phoenix satellite of the Milky Way Indus dSph or Globular Cluster Indus satellite of the Milky Way Eridanus III dSph or Globular Cluster Eridanus satellite of the Milky Way Probable non-members name type constellation notes GR 8 ( DDO 155 ) Im V Virgo Distance 7.9 million light years IC 5152 IAB ( s ) m IV Indus Distance 5.8 million light years, possibly an outlying member of the local group NGC 55 SB ( s ) m Sculptor Distance 7.2 million light years NGC 404 E0 or SA ( s ) 0 Andromeda Distance 10 million light years Andromeda IV Irr Andromeda Once considered to be associated with M31. Its distance is now known to be 22 to 24 million light years ( not close to the Andromeda Galaxy at all ). NGC 1569 Irp+ III - IV Camelopardalis In IC 342 group of galaxies. Distance 11 million light years NGC 1560 ( IC 2062 ) Sd Camelopardalis Distance 8 - 12 million light years Camelopardalis A Irr Camelopardalis Argo Dwarf Irr Carina ESO 347 - 8 ( 2318 -- 42 ) Irr Grus UKS 2323 - 326 Irr Sculptor UGC 9128 ( DDO 187 ) Irp+ Boötes Objects in the Local Group no longer recognised as galaxies name type constellation notes Palomar 12 ( Capricornus Dwarf ) Capricornus a globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy Palomar 4 ( Ursa Major Dwarf ) Ursa Major a globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy Palomar 3 ( Sextans C ) Sculptor a globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy Other objects Smith 's Cloud, a high - velocity cloud, between 32,000 and 49,000 light years from Earth and 8,000 light years from the disk of the Milky Way galaxy HVC 127 - 41 - 330, a high - velocity cloud, 2.3 million light - years from Earth Monoceros Ring, a ring of stars around the Milky Way that is proposed to consist of a stellar stream torn from the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy A diagram of our location in the observable universe. ( Alternative image. ) See also Cosmology portal Galaxy cluster List of nearest galaxies List of galaxy clusters IC 342 / Maffei Group, the group of galaxies nearest to the Local Group. Local Supercluster List of Andromeda 's satellite galaxies List of Milky Way 's satellite galaxies References Jump up ^ Karachentsev, I.D. ; Kashibadze, O.G. ( 2006 ). `` Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field ''. Astrophysics. 49 ( 1 ) : 3 -- 18. Bibcode : 2006Ap... 49... 3K. doi : 10.1007 / s10511 - 006 - 0002 - 6. Jump up ^ `` The Local Group ''. NASA 's High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center ( HEASARC ). NASA. Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 05. Jump up ^ Sergey E. Koposov ; Vasily Belokurov ; Gabriel Torrealba ; N. Wyn Evans ( 10 March 2015 ). `` Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds ''. The Astrophysical Journal. 805 : 130. arXiv : 1503.02079. Bibcode : 2015ApJ... 805... 130K. doi : 10.1088 / 0004 - 637X / 805 / 2 / 130. Jump up ^ Miller, Bryan W. ; et al. ( December 2001 ), `` The Star Formation History of LGS 3 '', The Astrophysical Journal, 562 ( 2 ) : 713 -- 726, arXiv : astro - ph / 0108408, Bibcode : 2001ApJ... 562... 713M, doi : 10.1086 / 323853 Jump up ^ Hubble, E.P. ( 1936 ). The realm of the nebulae. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures, 25. New Haven : Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300025002. OCLC 611263346. Archived from the original on 2012 - 09 - 29. ( pp. 124 -- 151 ) Jump up ^ van den Bergh, Sidney ( May 2003 ). `` History of the Local Group ''. To be published in : `` The Local Group as an Astrophysical Laboratory ''. Cambridge University Press : 5042. arXiv : astro - ph / 0305042. Bibcode : 2003astro.ph... 5042V. Jump up ^ http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galaxies.html Jump up ^ https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00257 Jump up ^ http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/a-bridge-of-stars-connects-two-dwarf-galaxies ^ Jump up to : van den Bergh, Sidney ( April 2000 ). `` Updated Information on the Local Group ''. The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 ( 770 ) : 529 -- 536. arXiv : astro - ph / 0001040. Bibcode : 2000PASP... 112... 529V. doi : 10.1086 / 316548. Jump up ^ Tolstoy, Eline ( 1999 ). `` Detailed Star - Formation Histories of Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxies using HST ''. In Patricia Whitelock and Russell Cannon. The stellar content of Local Group galaxies, Proceedings of the 192nd symposium of the International Astronomical Union. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. p. 218. Bibcode : 1999IAUS... 192... 218T. ISBN 1886733821. CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Ziljstra, A.A. ; Minniti, Dante ( April 1999 ). `` A Dwarf Irregular Galaxy at the Edge of the Local Group : Stellar Populations and Distance of IC 5152 ''. Astronomical Journal. 117 ( 4 ) : 1743 -- 1757. arXiv : astro - ph / 9812330. Bibcode : 1999AJ... 117.1743 Z. doi : 10.1086 / 300802. Retrieved 2011 - 03 - 11. Jump up ^ van de Steene, G.C. ; et al. ( 2006 ). `` Distance determination to NGC 55 from the planetary nebula luminosity function ''. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 455 ( 3 ) : 891 -- 896. Bibcode : 2006A&A... 455... 891V. doi : 10.1051 / 0004 - 6361 : 20053475. Jump up ^ Jensen, Joseph B. ; Tonry, John L. ; Barris, Brian J. ; Thompson, Rodger I. ; et al. ( February 2003 ). `` Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations ''. Astrophysical Journal. 583 ( 2 ) : 712 -- 726. arXiv : astro - ph / 0210129. Bibcode : 2003ApJ... 583... 712J. doi : 10.1086 / 345430. Jump up ^ Nowakowski, Tomasz ( 22 December 2015 ). `` Andromeda IV turns out to be a solitary gas - rich dwarf galaxy ''. physorg. Retrieved 25 December 2015. Jump up ^ Grocholski, Aaron J. ; Aloisi, Alessandra ; van der Marel, Roeland P. ; Mack, Jennifer ; et al. ( October 20, 2008 ). `` A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569 : Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership ''. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 686 ( 2 ) : L79 -- L82. arXiv : 0808.0153. Bibcode : 2008ApJ... 686L... 79G. doi : 10.1086 / 592949. Jump up ^ `` Pal3 ''. simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 26 August 2017. Jump up ^ Wakker, B.P. ; York, D.G. ; Wilhelm, R. ; Barentine, J.C. ; Richter, P. ; Beers, T.C. ; Ivezić, Ž. ; Howk, J.C. ( 2008 ). `` Distances to Galactic High ‐ Velocity Clouds. I. Cohen Stream, Complex GCP, Cloud g1 ''. The Astrophysical Journal. 672 ( 1 ) : 298 -- 319. arXiv : 0709.1926. Bibcode : 2008ApJ... 672... 298W. doi : 10.1086 / 523845. Jump up ^ `` Massive Gas Cloud Speeding Toward Collision With Milky Way ''. Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 06. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Local Group. The Local Group of Galaxies, SEDS Messier pages A Survey of the Resolved Stellar Content of Nearby Galaxies Currently Forming Stars, Lowell Observatory van den Bergh, Sidney ( 2000 ). `` Updated Information on the Local Group ''. The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 ( 770 ) : 529 -- 536. arXiv : astro - ph / 0001040. Bibcode : 2000PASP... 112... 529V. doi : 10.1086 / 316548. The Milky Way Location Milky Way → Milky Way subgroup → Local Group → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe Each arrow ( → ) may be read as `` within '' or `` part of ''. Galactic core Center of the Milky Way Sagittarius A Sagittarius A * Supermassive black hole Spiral arms Carina -- Sagittarius Norma -- Cygnus Orion -- Cygnus Perseus Scutum -- Centaurus Satellite galaxies Magellanic Clouds Large Magellanic Cloud Small Magellanic Cloud Magellanic Stream Magellanic Bridge Sagittarius Spheroidal Sagittarius Stream Boötes II Coma Berenices Messier 54 Palomar 12 Segue 1 Segue 2 Terzan 7 Dwarfs Boötes I Boötes III Canes Venatici I Canes Venatici II Canis Major Carina Crater 2 Draco Fornax Hercules Leo I Leo II Leo IV Leo V Leo T Phoenix Pisces I Pisces II Sculptor Sextans Triangulum II Ursa Major I Ursa Major II Ursa Minor Virgo I Other Monoceros Ring Virgo Stream Koposov I Koposov II Segue 3 Willman 1 Related Andromeda -- Milky Way collision Astronomy portal Andromeda Galaxy Location Andromeda Galaxy → Andromeda subgroup → Local Group → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe Each → may be read as `` within '' or `` part of ''. Satellite galaxies M32 M110 NGC 185 NGC 147 Andromeda I Andromeda II Andromeda III Andromeda IV * Andromeda V Andromeda VI Andromeda VII Andromeda VIII Andromeda IX Andromeda X Andromeda XI Andromeda XII Andromeda XIII Andromeda XIV Andromeda XV Andromeda XVI Andromeda XVII Andromeda XVIII Andromeda XIX Andromeda XX Andromeda XXI Andromeda XXII Andromeda XXIII Andromeda XXIV Andromeda XXV Andromeda XXVI Andromeda XXVII Andromeda XXVIII Andromeda XXIX Triangulum Galaxy * * It is uncertain whether it is a companion galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy Catalogued stars AE Andromedae M31 - RV Other Andromeda -- Milky Way collision S Andromedae Mayall II M32p NGC 206 Triangulum Galaxy Location Triangulum Galaxy → Triangulum subgroup → Local Group → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe Each → may be read as `` within '' or `` part of ''. H II regions NGC 588 NGC 595 NGC 604 Suspected satellite galaxies Pisces Dwarf Andromeda II Other Triangulum Galaxy in fiction Earth 's location in the Universe Included Earth → Solar System → Local Interstellar Cloud → Local Bubble → Gould Belt → Orion Arm → Milky Way → Milky Way subgroup → Local Group → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe Each arrow ( → ) may be read as `` within '' or `` part of ''. Related `` Cosmic View '' ( 1957 essay ) To the Moon and Beyond ( 1964 film ) Cosmic Zoom ( 1968 film ) Powers of Ten ( 1968 and 1977 films ) Cosmic Voyage ( 1996 documentary ) Cosmic Eye ( 2012 ) Order of magnitude Astronomy portal - Cosmology portal BNF : cb135127707 ( data ) GND : 4168105 - 8 SUDOC : 050418076 VIAF : 234195301 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_Group&oldid=854422006 '' Categories : Local Group Galaxy clusters Virgo Supercluster Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Articles with inconsistent citation formats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Asturianu Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 54 more Edit links This page was last edited on 11 August 2018, at 06 : 54 ( UTC ). 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Question: the local group of galaxies to which our galaxy belongs is known as
Answer: Local Group