2010 Haiti earthquake - wikipedia 2010 Haiti earthquake This is an old revision of this page, as edited by KolbertBot ( talk contribs ) at 04 : 59, 28 August 2017 ( Bot : HTTP → HTTPS ). The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision. Revision as of 04 : 59, 28 August 2017 by KolbertBot ( talk contribs ) ( Bot : HTTP → HTTPS ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) 2010 Haiti earthquake Date 12 January 2010 Origin time 16 : 53 : 10 EST Magnitude 7.0 M Depth 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) Epicenter 18 ° 28 ′ N 72 ° 32 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 18.46 ° N 72.53 ° W ﻿ / 18.46 ; - 72.53 Coordinates : 18 ° 28 ′ N 72 ° 32 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 18.46 ° N 72.53 ° W ﻿ / 18.46 ; - 72.53 Areas affected Haiti, Dominican Republic Max. intensity IX ( Violent ) Peak acceleration 0.5 g Tsunami Yes ( localized ) Casualties 100,000 to 316,000 deaths ( the higher figure is from a government estimate widely charged with being deliberately inflated ; a figure of about 160,000 is provided in a 2010 University of Michigan study ; the 100,000 figure is suggested by the U.S. Geological Survey. ) Part of a series on the History of Haiti Chronology Early history Spanish rule French rule Haitian Revolution Siege of Santo Domingo Haitian - Dominican Wars Imperial era Republican era ( 1915 -- 86 ) Post-Duvalier era Post-quake era Topics Slavery U.S. occupation 2004 coup d'état 2010 earthquake Timeline Military history Haiti portal The 2010 Haiti earthquake ( French : Séisme de 2010 à Haïti ; Haitian Creole : Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti ) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 M earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne ( Ouest ), approximately 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) west of Port - au - Prince, Haiti 's capital. The earthquake occurred at 16 : 53 local time ( 21 : 53 UTC ) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. By 24 January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded. An estimated three million people were affected by the quake. Death toll estimates range from 100,000 to about 160,000 to Haitian government figures from 220,000 to 316,000 ; these have been widely characterized as deliberately inflated by the Haitian government. The government of Haiti estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged. The nation 's history of national debt, prejudicial trade policies by other countries, and foreign intervention into national affairs, contributed to the existing poverty and poor housing conditions that increased the death toll from the disaster. The earthquake caused major damage in Port - au - Prince, Jacmel and other cities in the region. Notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port - au - Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. Among those killed were Archbishop of Port - au - Prince Joseph Serge Miot, and opposition leader Micha Gaillard. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( MINUSTAH ), located in the capital, collapsed, killing many, including the Mission 's Chief, Hédi Annabi. Many countries responded to appeals for humanitarian aid, pledging funds and dispatching rescue and medical teams, engineers and support personnel. Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities, hospitals, and electrical networks had been damaged by the earthquake, which hampered rescue and aid efforts ; confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with prioritising flights further complicated early relief work. Port - au - Prince 's morgues were overwhelmed with tens of thousands of bodies. These had to be buried in mass graves. As rescues tailed off, supplies, medical care and sanitation became priorities. Delays in aid distribution led to angry appeals from aid workers and survivors, and looting and sporadic violence were observed. On 22 January the United Nations noted that the emergency phase of the relief operation was drawing to a close, and on the following day, the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors. Contents 1 Background 2 Geology 2.1 Aftershocks 2.2 Tsunami 3 Damage to infrastructure 3.1 Essential services 3.2 General infrastructure 4 Conditions in the aftermath 5 Casualties 6 Early response 7 Rescue and relief efforts 8 Recovery 8.1 Status of the recovery 8.1. 1 2011 8.1. 2 2012 8.1. 3 2013 8.1. 4 2015 9 In literature 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links Background The island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, is seismically active and has a history of destructive earthquakes. During Haiti 's time as a French colony, earthquakes were recorded by French historian Moreau de Saint - Méry ( 1750 -- 1819 ). He described damage done by an earthquake in 1751, writing that `` only one masonry building had not collapsed '' in Port - au - Prince ; he also wrote that the `` whole city collapsed '' in the 1770 Port - au - Prince earthquake. Cap - Haïtien, other towns in the north of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and the Sans - Souci Palace were destroyed during an earthquake on 7 May 1842. A magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and shook Haiti on 4 August 1946, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and is ranked 149th of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. The Australian government 's travel advisory site had previously expressed concerns that Haitian emergency services would be unable to cope in the event of a major disaster, and the country is considered `` economically vulnerable '' by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Haiti is no stranger to natural disasters. In addition to earthquakes, it has been struck frequently by tropical cyclones, which have caused flooding and widespread damage. The most recent cyclones to hit the island before the earthquake were Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike, all in the summer of 2008, causing nearly 800 deaths. Geology USGS intensity map Map showing regional tectonic setting of the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault zone Tiny dots of white against the plant - covered landscape ( red in this image ) are possible landslides, a common occurrence in mountainous terrain after large earthquakes. The Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault zone runs along the two linear valleys at the top of the image The magnitude 7.0 M earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010 at 16 : 53 ( UTC - 05 : 00 ), approximately 25 km ( 16 mi ) WSW from Port - au - Prince at a depth of 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) on blind thrust faults associated with the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault system. There is no evidence of surface rupture and based on seismological, geological and ground deformation data it is thought that the earthquake did not involve significant lateral slip on the main Enriquillo fault. Strong shaking associated with intensity IX on the Modified Mercalli scale ( MM ) was recorded in Port - au - Prince and its suburbs. It was also felt in several surrounding countries and regions, including Cuba ( MM III in Guantánamo ), Jamaica ( MM II in Kingston ), Venezuela ( MM II in Caracas ), Puerto Rico ( MM II -- III in San Juan ), and the bordering Dominican Republic ( MM III in Santo Domingo ). According to estimates from the United States Geological Survey, approximately 3.5 million people lived in the area that experienced shaking intensity of MM VII to X, a range that can cause moderate to very heavy damage even to earthquake - resistant structures. Shaking damage was more severe than for other quakes of similar magnitude due to the shallow depth of the quake. The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20 mm ( 0.79 in ) per year in relation to the North American plate. The strike - slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional - Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault in the south ; both its location and focal mechanism suggested that the January 2010 quake was caused by a rupture of the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault, which had been locked for 250 years, gathering stress. However, a study published in May 2010 suggested that the rupture process may have involved slip on multiple blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillo -- Plantain Garden fault zone, suggesting that the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left - lateral strain on a small part of the plate - boundary system. The rupture was roughly 65 km ( 40 mi ) long with mean slip of 1.8 metres ( 5 ft 11 in ). Preliminary analysis of the slip distribution found amplitudes of up to about 4 m ( 13 ft ) using ground motion records from all over the world. A 2007 earthquake hazard study by C. DeMets and M. Wiggins - Grandison noted that the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault zone could be at the end of its seismic cycle and concluded that a worst - case forecast would involve a 7.2 M earthquake, similar in size to the 1692 Jamaica earthquake. Paul Mann and a group including the 2006 study team presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain ; the team recommended `` high priority '' historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years. An article published in Haiti 's Le Matin newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port - au - Prince. Aftershocks History of the main shock and aftershocks with magnitudes larger than 4.0, data from USGS The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) recorded eight aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake, with magnitudes between 4.3 and 5.9. Within the first nine hours 32 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, 12 of which measured magnitude 5.0 or greater, and on 24 January USGS reported that there had been 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater since the main quake. On 20 January at 06 : 03 local time ( 11 : 03 UTC ) the strongest aftershock since the earthquake, measuring magnitude 5.9 M, struck Haiti. USGS reported its epicenter was about 56 km ( 35 mi ) WSW of Port - au - Prince, which would place it almost exactly under the coastal town of Petit - Goâve. A UN representative reported that the aftershock collapsed seven buildings in the town. According to staff of the International Committee of the Red Cross, which had reached Petit - Goâve for the first time the day before the aftershock, the town was estimated to have lost 15 percent of its buildings, and was suffering the same shortages of supplies and medical care as the capital. Workers from the charity Save the Children reported hearing `` already weakened structures collapsing '' in Port - au - Prince, but most sources reported no further significant damage to infrastructure in the city. Further casualties are thought to have been minimal since people had been sleeping in the open. There are concerns that the main earthquake could be the beginning of a new long - term sequence : `` the whole region is fearful '' ; historical accounts, although not precise, suggest that there has been a sequence of quakes progressing westwards along the fault, starting with an earthquake in the Dominican Republic in 1751. Tsunami The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning immediately after the initial quake, but quickly cancelled it. Nearly two weeks later it was reported that the beach of the small fishing town of Petit Paradis was hit by a localised tsunami shortly after the earthquake, probably as a result of an underwater slide, and this was later confirmed by researchers. At least three people were swept out to sea by the wave and were reported dead. Witnesses told reporters that the sea first retreated and a `` very big wave '' followed rapidly, crashing ashore and sweeping boats and debris into the ocean. Damage to infrastructure Main article : Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake Damaged buildings in Port - au - Prince Essential services Amongst the widespread devastation and damage throughout Port - au - Prince and elsewhere, vital infrastructure necessary to respond to the disaster was severely damaged or destroyed. This included all hospitals in the capital ; air, sea, and land transport facilities ; and communication systems. The quake affected the three Médecins Sans Frontières ( Doctors Without Borders ) medical facilities around Port - au - Prince, causing one to collapse completely. A hospital in Pétion - Ville, a wealthy suburb of Port - au - Prince, also collapsed, as did the St. Michel District Hospital in the southern town of Jacmel, which was the largest referral hospital in south - east Haiti. Damaged buildings in Jacmel The quake seriously damaged the control tower at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport. Damage to the Port - au - Prince seaport rendered the harbor unusable for immediate rescue operations ; its container crane subsided severely at an angle because of weak foundations. Gonaïves seaport in northern Haiti remained operational. Roads were blocked with road debris or the surfaces broken. The main road linking Port - au - Prince with Jacmel remained blocked ten days after the earthquake, hampering delivery of aid to Jacmel. When asked why the road had not been opened, Hazem el - Zein, head of the south - east division of the UN World Food Programme said that `` We ask the same questions to the people in charge... They promise rapid response. To be honest, I do n't know why it has n't been done. I can only think that their priority must be somewhere else. '' There was considerable damage to communications infrastructure. The public telephone system was not available, and two of Haiti 's largest cellular telephone providers, Digicel and Comcel Haiti, both reported that their services had been affected by the earthquake. Fibre - optic connectivity was also disrupted. According to Reporters Sans Frontières ( RSF ), Radio Lumière, which broadcasts out of Port - au - Prince and reaches 90 percent of Haiti, was initially knocked off the air, but it was able to resume broadcasting across most of its network within a week. According to RSF, some 20 of about 50 stations that were active in the capital region before the earthquake were back on air a week after the quake. General infrastructure Large portions of the National Palace collapsed In February 2010 Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings were severely damaged and needed to be demolished. The deputy mayor of Léogâne reported that 90 percent of the town 's buildings had been destroyed. Many government and public buildings were damaged or destroyed including the Palace of Justice, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court and Port - au - Prince Cathedral. The National Palace was severely damaged, though President René Préval and his wife Elisabeth Delatour Préval escaped injury. The Prison Civile de Port - au - Prince was also destroyed, allowing around 4,000 inmates to escape. Léogâne, close to the earthquake epicenter Most of Port - au - Prince 's municipal buildings were destroyed or heavily damaged, including the City Hall, which was described by the Washington Post as, `` a skeletal hulk of concrete and stucco, sagging grotesquely to the left. '' Port - au - Prince had no municipal petrol reserves and few city officials had working mobile phones before the earthquake, complicating communications and transportation. Minister of Education Joel Jean - Pierre stated that the education system had `` totally collapsed ''. About half the nation 's schools and the three main universities in Port - au - Prince were affected. More than 1,300 schools and 50 health care facilities were destroyed. The earthquake also destroyed a nursing school in the capital and severely damaged the country 's primary midwifery school. The Haitian art world suffered great losses ; artworks were destroyed, and museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port - au - Prince 's main art museum, Centre d'Art, College Saint Pierre and Holy Trinity Cathedral. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( MINUSTAH ) at Christopher Hotel and offices of the World Bank were destroyed. The building housing the offices of Citibank in Port - au - Prince collapsed, killing five employees. The clothing industry, which accounts for two - thirds of Haiti 's exports, reported structural damage at manufacturing facilities. The quake created a landslide dam on the Rivière de Grand Goâve. As of February 2010 the water level was low, but engineer Yves Gattereau believed the dam could collapse during the rainy season, which would flood Grand - Goâve 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) downstream. Conditions in the aftermath See also : 2010 -- 13 Haiti cholera outbreak Assistance camp set up by the Brazilian Army. In the nights following the earthquake, many people in Haiti slept in the streets, on pavements, in their cars, or in makeshift shanty towns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks. Construction standards are low in Haiti ; the country has no building codes. Engineers have stated that it is unlikely many buildings would have stood through any kind of disaster. Structures are often raised wherever they can fit ; some buildings were built on slopes with insufficient foundations or steel supports. A representative of Catholic Relief Services has estimated that about two million Haitians lived as squatters on land they did not own. The country also suffered from shortages of fuel and potable water even before the disaster. President Préval and government ministers used police headquarters near the Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport as their new base of operations, although their effectiveness was extremely limited ; several parliamentarians were still trapped in the Presidential Palace, and offices and records had been destroyed. Some high - ranking government workers lost family members, or had to tend to wounded relatives. Although the president and his remaining cabinet met with UN planners each day, there remained confusion as to who was in charge and no single group had organized relief efforts as of 16 January. The government handed over control of the airport to the United States to hasten and ease flight operations, which had been hampered by the damage to the air traffic control tower. Urban Search and Rescue specialists work at the Hôtel Montana Almost immediately Port - au - Prince 's morgue facilities were overwhelmed. By 14 January, a thousand bodies had been placed on the streets and pavements. Government crews manned trucks to collect thousands more, burying them in mass graves. In the heat and humidity, corpses buried in rubble began to decompose and smell. Mati Goldstein, head of the Israeli ZAKA International Rescue Unit delegation to Haiti, described the situation as `` Shabbat from hell. Everywhere, the acrid smell of bodies hangs in the air. It 's just like the stories we are told of the Holocaust -- thousands of bodies everywhere. You have to understand that the situation is true madness, and the more time passes, there are more and more bodies, in numbers that can not be grasped. It is beyond comprehension. '' Mayor Jean - Yves Jason said that officials argued for hours about what to do with the volume of corpses. The government buried many in mass graves, some above - ground tombs were forced open so bodies could be stacked inside, and others were burned. Mass graves were dug in a large field outside the settlement of Titanyen, north of the capital ; tens of thousands of bodies were reported as having been brought to the site by dump truck and buried in trenches dug by earth movers. Max Beauvoir, a Vodou priest, protested the lack of dignity in mass burials, stating, ``... it is not in our culture to bury people in such a fashion, it is desecration ''. The Haitian government began a programme to move homeless people out of Port - au - Prince on a ferry to Port Jeremie and in hired buses to temporary camps Towns in the eastern Dominican Republic began preparing for tens of thousands of refugees, and by 16 January hospitals close to the border had been filled to capacity with Haitians. Some began reporting having expended stocks of critical medical supplies such as antibiotics by 17 January. The border was reinforced by Dominican soldiers, and the government of the Dominican Republic asserted that all Haitians who crossed the border for medical assistance would be allowed to stay only temporarily. A local governor stated, `` We have a great desire and we will do everything humanly possible to help Haitian families. But we have our limitations with respect to food and medicine. We need the helping hand of other countries in the area. '' Slow distribution of resources in the days after the earthquake resulted in sporadic violence, with looting reported. There were also accounts of looters wounded or killed by vigilantes and neighbourhoods that had constructed their own roadblock barricades. Dr Evan Lyon of Partners in Health, working at the General Hospital in Port - au - Prince, claimed that misinformation and overblown reports of violence had hampered the delivery of aid and medical services. One of the first parachute air drops after the quake, 18 January Former US president Bill Clinton acknowledged the problems and said Americans should `` not be deterred from supporting the relief effort '' by upsetting scenes such as those of looting. Lt. Gen. P.K. Keen, deputy commander of US Southern Command, however, announced that despite the stories of looting and violence, there was less violent crime in Port - au - Prince after the earthquake than before. In many neighbourhoods, singing could be heard through the night and groups of men coordinated to act as security as groups of women attempted to take care of food and hygiene necessities. During the days following the earthquake, hundreds were seen marching through the streets in peaceful processions, singing and clapping. The earthquake caused an urgent need for outside rescuers to communicate with Haitians whose main or only language is Haitian Creole. As a result, a mobile translation program to translate between English and Haitian Creole had to be written quickly. Casualties Main article : Casualties of the 2010 Haiti earthquake A Haitian boy receives treatment at a MINUSTAH logistics base Israeli and U.S. medical personnel coordinate relief efforts. The earthquake struck in the most populated area of the country. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies estimated that as many as 3 million people had been affected by the quake. In mid February 2010, the Haitian government reported the death toll to have reached 230,000. However, an investigation by Radio Netherlands has questioned the official death toll, reporting an estimate of 92,000 deaths as being a more realistic figure. On the first anniversary of the earthquake, 12 January 2011, Haitian Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive said the death toll from the quake was more than 316,000, raising the figures from previous estimates. Several experts have questioned the validity of the death toll numbers ; Anthony Penna, professor emeritus in environmental history at Northeastern University, warned that casualty estimates could only be a `` guesstimate '', and Belgian disaster response expert Claude de Ville de Goyet noted that `` round numbers are a sure sign that nobody knows. '' Edmond Mulet, UN Assistant Secretary - General for Peacekeeping Operations, said, `` I do not think we will ever know what the death toll is from this earthquake '', while the director of the Haitian Red Cross, Jean - Pierre Guiteau, noted that his organization had not had the time to count bodies, as their focus had been on the treatment of survivors. While the vast majority of casualties were Haitian civilians, the dead included aid workers, embassy staff, foreign tourists -- and a number of public figures, including Archbishop of Port - au - Prince Monsignor Joseph Serge Miot, aid worker Zilda Arns and officials in the Haitian government, including opposition leader Michel `` Micha '' Gaillard. Also killed were a number of well - known Haitian musicians and sports figures, including thirty members of the Fédération Haïtienne de Football. At least 85 United Nations personnel working with MINUSTAH were killed, among them the Mission Chief, Hédi Annabi, his deputy, Luiz Carlos da Costa, and police commissioner Douglas Coates. Around 200 guests were killed in the collapse of the Hôtel Montana in Port - au - Prince. On 31 May 2011, an unreleased draft report based on a survey commissioned by the US Agency for International Development ( USAID ) challenged the Haiti earthquake death toll and several damage estimates. The unpublished report put the death toll between 46,000 and 85,000 and put the number of displaced persons at 895,000, of which only 375,000 remained in temporary shelters. The unreleased report, which compiled its figures from a door - to - door survey, was done by a Washington consulting firm, LTL Strategies. A US State Department spokesperson said the report had inconsistencies and would not be released until they were resolved. As of January 2012, USAID has not released the report and states at its website that 1.5 million people were displaced, of which 550,000 remain without permanent shelter. The most reliable academic estimate of the number of earthquake casualties in Haiti ( over 95 % were in the immediate Port - au - Prince area ) `` within six weeks of the earthquake '' appears to be the 160,000 estimate in a 2010 University of Michigan study. Early response Main articles : Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and Humanitarian response by for - profit organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake Heavy - lift helicopters ferry water from the offshore flotilla, 15 January Appeals for humanitarian aid were issued by many aid organizations, the United Nations and president René Préval. Raymond Joseph, Haiti 's ambassador to the United States, and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean, who was called upon by Préval to become a `` roving ambassador '' for Haiti, also pleaded for aid and donations. Images and testimonials circulating after the earthquake across the internet and through social media helped to intensify the reaction of global engagement. Many countries responded to the appeals and launched fund - raising efforts, as well as sending search and rescue teams. The neighbouring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti, sending water, food and heavy - lifting machinery. The hospitals in the Dominican Republic were made available ; a combined effort of the Airports Department ( DA ), together with the Dominican Naval Auxiliaries, the UN and other parties formed the Dominican - Haitian Aerial Support Bridge, making the main Dominican airports available for support operations to Haiti. The Dominican website FlyDominicanRepublic.com made available to the internet, daily updates on airport information and news from the operations center on the Dominican side. The Dominican emergency team assisted more than 2,000 injured people, while the Dominican Institute of Telecommunications ( Indotel ) helped with the restoration of some telephone services. The Dominican Red Cross coordinated early medical relief in conjunction with the International Red Cross. The government sent eight mobile medical units along with 36 doctors including orthopaedic specialists, traumatologists, anaesthetists, and surgeons. In addition, 39 trucks carrying canned food were dispatched, along with 10 mobile kitchens and 110 cooks capable of producing 100,000 meals per day. Having lost their homes, many Haitians now live in precarious camps Other nations from farther afield also sent personnel, medicines, materiel, and other aid to Haiti. The first team to arrive in Port - au - Prince was ICE - SAR from Iceland, landing within 24 hours of the earthquake. A 50 - member Chinese team arrived early Thursday morning. From the Middle East, the government of Qatar sent a strategic transport aircraft ( C - 17 ), loaded with 50 tonnes of urgent relief materials and 26 members from the Qatari armed forces, the internal security force ( Lekhwiya ), police force and the Hamad Medical Corporation, to set up a field hospital and provide assistance in Port - au - Prince and other affected areas in Haiti. A rescue team sent by the Israel Defense Forces ' Home Front Command established a field hospital near the United Nations building in Port - au - Prince with specialised facilities to treat children, the elderly, and women in labor. It was set up in eight hours and began operations on the evening of 16 January. A Korean International Disaster Relief Team with 40 rescuers, medical doctors, nurses and 2 k - 9s was deployed to epicenters to assist mitigation efforts of Haitian Government. The American Red Cross announced on 13 January that it had run out of supplies in Haiti and appealed for public donations. Giving Children Hope worked to get much - needed medicines and supplies on the ground. Partners in Health ( PIH ), the largest health care provider in rural Haiti, was able to provide some emergency care from its ten hospitals and clinics, all of which were outside the capital and undamaged. MINUSTAH had over 9,000 uniformed peacekeepers deployed to the area. Most of these workers were initially involved in the search for survivors at the organization 's collapsed headquarters. Haitian survivors were transferred to rescue ships for medical aid The International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was activated, allowing satellite imagery of affected regions to be shared with rescue and aid organizations. Members of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook spread messages and pleas to send help. Facebook was overwhelmed by -- and blocked -- some users who were sending messages about updates. The American Red Cross set a record for mobile donations, raising US $7 million in 24 hours when they allowed people to send US $10 donations by text messages. The OpenStreetMap community responded to the disaster by greatly improving the level of mapping available for the area using post-earthquake satellite photography provided by GeoEye, and crowdmapping website Ushahidi coordinated messages from multiple sites to assist Haitians still trapped and to keep families of survivors informed. Some online poker sites hosted poker tournaments with tournament fees, prizes or both going to disaster relief charities. Google Earth updated its coverage of Port - au - Prince on 17 January, showing the earthquake - ravaged city. Easing refugee immigration into Canada was discussed by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and in the US Haitians were granted Temporary protected status, a measure that permits about 100,000 illegal alien Haitians in the United States to stay legally for 18 months, and halts the deportations of 30,000 more, though it does not apply to Haitians outside the US. Local and state agencies in South Florida, together with the US government, began implementing a plan ( `` Operation Vigilant Sentry '' ) for a mass migration from the Caribbean that had been laid out in 2003. Several orphanages were destroyed in the earthquake. After the process for the adoption of 400 children by families in the US and the Netherlands was expedited, Unicef and SOS Children urged an immediate halt to adoptions from Haiti. Jasmine Whitbread, chief executive of Save the Children said : `` The vast majority of the children currently on their own still have family members alive who will be desperate to be reunited with them and will be able to care for them with the right support. Taking children out of the country would permanently separate thousands of children from their families -- a separation that would compound the acute trauma they are already suffering and inflict long - term damage on their chances of recovery. '' However, several organizations were planning an airlift of thousands of orphaned children to South Florida on humanitarian visas, modelled on a similar effort with Cuban refugees in the 1960s named `` Pedro Pan ''. The Canadian government worked to expedite around 100 adoption cases that were already underway when the earthquake struck, issuing temporary permits and waiving regular processing fees ; the federal government also announced that it would cover adopted children 's healthcare costs upon their arrival in Canada until they could be covered under provincially administered public healthcare plans. Rescue and relief efforts See also : Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake Rescue efforts began in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, with able - bodied survivors extricating the living and the dead from the rubble of the many buildings that had collapsed. Treatment of the injured was hampered by the lack of hospital and morgue facilities : the Argentine military field hospital, which had been serving MINUSTAH, was the only one available until 13 January. Rescue work intensified only slightly with the arrival of doctors, police officers, military personnel and firefighters from various countries two days after the earthquake. MINUSTAH troops meet a U.S. relief flight on 16 January From 12 January, the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has been working in Haiti since 1994, focused on bringing emergency assistance to victims of the catastrophe. It worked with its partners within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, particularly the Haitian Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Médecins Sans Frontières ( Doctors Without Borders ; MSF ) reported that the hospitals that had not been destroyed were overwhelmed by large numbers of seriously injured people. The hospitals had to perform many amputations. Running short of medical supplies, some teams had to work with any available resources, constructing splints out of cardboard and reusing latex gloves. Other rescue units had to withdraw as night fell, amid security fears. Over 3,000 people had been treated by Médecins Sans Frontières as of 18 January. Ophelia Dahl, director of Partners in Health, reported, `` there are hundreds of thousands of injured people. I have heard the estimate that as many as 20,000 people will die each day that would have been saved by surgery. '' UN forces took to patrolling the streets of Port - au - Prince An MSF aircraft carrying a field hospital was repeatedly turned away by US air traffic controllers, who had assumed control at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport. Four other MSF aircraft were also turned away. In a 19 January press release MSF said, `` It is like working in a war situation. We do n't have any more morphine to manage pain for our patients. We can not accept that planes carrying lifesaving medical supplies and equipment continue to be turned away while our patients die. Priority must be given to medical supplies entering the country. '' First responders voiced frustration with the number of relief trucks sitting unused at the airport. Aid workers blamed US - controlled airport operations for prioritising the transportation of security troops over rescuers and supplies ; evacuation policies favouring citizens of certain nations were also criticised. A USAF pararescueman searching through demolished buildings in Port - au - Prince for survivors Helicopters transfer injured earthquake victims to hospital ship USNS Comfort off the coast of Haiti The US military acknowledged the non-governmental organizations ' complaints concerning flight - operations bias and promised improvement while noting that up to 17 January, 600 emergency flights had landed and 50 were diverted ; by the first weekend of disaster operations, diversions had been reduced to three on Saturday and two on Sunday. The airport staff was strengthened in order to support 100 landings a day, compared to the 35 a day that the airport gets during normal operation. A spokesman for the joint task force running the airport confirmed that, though more flights were requesting landing slots, none was being turned away. Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim and French Minister of State for Cooperation Alain Joyandet criticised the perceived preferential treatment for US aid arriving at the airport. A spokesman for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the French government had not protested officially with regard to the management of the airport. US officials acknowledged that coordination of the relief effort is central to Haitian recovery. President Préval asked for calm coordination between assisting nations without mutual accusations. Based on US Air Force logs documenting activity at the airport, the Associated Press largely disproved the claim that the US held up aid in favor of military flights. The US military initially gave priority to military units in order to secure the airport, distribute aid, and provide security, but after that, incoming relief flights were cleared or rejected on a first - come, first - served basis. According to a US Air Force captain who had coordinated flight schedules, nearly all groups sending aid insisted their shipment was urgent. Those flights that were rejected were diverted to the Dominican Republic, and their cargoes were unloaded and taken to Haiti by land. At the peak of the relief efforts, the airport was in a state of chaos. Normally, the airport, with a single runway and 10 spaces for large planes, handled 20 flights a day. After the earthquake struck, hundreds of planes rushed to Haiti without designated landing times. On average, a plane would land or take off every two minutes. The situation was complicated by the lack of room on ramps for planes to unload their cargo, and some planes did not have enough fuel to leave. While international efforts received significant media coverage, much of the local rescue effort was conducted by Haitians While the Port - au - Prince airport ramp has spaces for more than a dozen airliners, in the days following the quake, it sometimes served nearly 40 at once, creating serious delays. The supply backup at the airport was expected to ease as the apron management improved, and when the perceived need for heavy security diminished. Airport congestion was reduced on 18 January when the United Nations and US forces formally agreed to prioritise humanitarian flights over security reinforcement. By 14 January, more than 20 countries had sent military personnel to the country, with Canada, the United States, and the Dominican Republic providing the largest contingents. The supercarrier USS Carl Vinson arrived at maximum possible speed on 15 January with 600,000 emergency food rations, 100,000 ten - litre water containers, and an enhanced wing of 19 helicopters ; 130,000 litres of drinking water were transferred to shore on the first day. The helicopter carrier USS Bataan sailed with three large dock landing ships and two survey / salvage vessels, to create a `` sea base '' for the rescue effort. They were joined by the French Navy vessel Francis Garnier on 16 January, the same day the hospital ship USNS Comfort and guided - missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill left for Haiti. Another large French vessel was later ordered to Haiti, the amphibious transport dock Siroco. A woman is rescued alive from rubble several days after the initial quake International rescue efforts were restricted by traffic congestion and blocked roads. Although US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates had previously ruled out dropping food and water by air as too dangerous, by 16 January, US helicopters were distributing aid by drops to areas impossible to reach by land. In Jacmel, a city of 50,000, the mayor claimed that 70 percent of the homes had been damaged and that the quake had killed 300 to 500 people and left some 4,000 injured. The small airstrip suffered damage rendering it unusable for supply flights until 20 January. The Canadian navy vessel HMCS Halifax was deployed to the area on 18 January ; the Canadians joined Colombian rescue workers, Chilean doctors, a French mobile clinic, and Sri Lankan relief workers who had already responded to calls for aid. About 64,000 people living in the three adjacent agricultural communities of Durissy, Morne a Chandelle, and Les Palmes were relatively unharmed because most of the people were working in the fields when the quakes struck. All their churches, chapels, and at least 8,000 homes were destroyed. On 17 January 2010, British search and rescue teams were the first to reach Léogane, the town at the epicenter of the quake. The Canadian ship HMCS Athabaskan reached the area on 19 January, and by 20 January some 250 -- 300 Canadian personnel were assisting relief efforts in the town. By 19 January, staff of the International Red Cross had also managed to reach the town, which they described as `` severely damaged... the people there urgently need assistance. '' By 20 January they had reached Petit - Goâve as well, where they set up two first - aid posts and distributed first - aid kits. A Haitian child is treated aboard a hospital ship Over the first weekend 130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers were distributed to Haitians, as safe landing areas and distribution centers such as golf courses were secured. Nearly 2,000 rescuers had arrived from 43 different groups, with 161 search dogs ; the airport had handled 250 tons of relief supplies by the end of the weekend. Reports from Sunday showed a record - breaking number of successful rescues, with at least 12 survivors pulled from Port - au - Prince 's rubble, bringing the total number of rescues to 110. The buoy tender USCG Oak and USNS Grasp ( T - ARS - 51 ) were on scene by 18 January to assess damage to the port and work to reopen it, and by 21 January one pier at the Port - au - Prince seaport was functional, offloading humanitarian aid, and a road had been repaired to make transport into the city easier. In an interview on 21 January, Leo Merores, Haiti 's ambassador to the UN, said that he expected the port to be fully functional again within two weeks. The US Navy listed its resources in the area as `` 17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed - wing aircraft '' in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines. The Navy had conducted 336 air deliveries, delivered 32,400 US gallons ( 123,000 L ) of water, 532,440 bottles of water, 111,082 meals and 9,000 lb ( 4,100 kg ) of medical supplies by 20 January. Hospital ship Comfort began operations on 20 January, completing the arrival of the first group of sea - base vessels ; this came as a new flotilla of USN ships were assigned to Haiti, including survey vessels, ferries, elements of the maritime prepositioning and underway replenishment fleets, and a further three amphibious operations ships, including another helicopter carrier, USS Nassau ( LHA - 4 ). Landing ships move supplies onshore from the rescue fleet On 22 January the UN and United States formalised the coordination of relief efforts by signing an agreement giving the US responsibility for the ports, airports and roads, and making the UN and Haitian authorities responsible for law and order. The UN stated that it had resisted formalising the organization of the relief effort to allow as much leeway as possible for those wishing to assist in the relief effort, but with the new agreement `` we 're leaving that emergency phase behind ''. The UN also urged organizations to coordinate aid efforts through its mission in Haiti to allow for better scheduling of the arrival of supplies. On 23 January the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors, and most search and rescue teams began to prepare to leave the country. However, as late as 8 February 2010, survivors were still being discovered, as in the case of Evan Muncie, 28, found in the rubble of a grocery store. On 5 February, ten Baptist missionaries from Idaho led by Laura Silsby were charged with criminal association and kidnapping for trying to smuggle 33 children out of Haiti. The missionaries claimed they were rescuing orphaned children but investigations revealed that more than 20 of the children had been taken from their parents after they were told the children would have a better life in America. In an interview, the United States Ambassador to Haiti Kenneth Merten, stated that the US justice system would not interfere and that `` the Haitian justice system will do what it has to do. '' By 9 March 2010, all but Silsby were deported and she remained incarcerated. Social networking organizations such as Crisis Camp Haiti were developed to aid in the structure and coordination of relief efforts in Haiti and future catastrophic events as well. On 10 April, due to the potential threat of mudslides and flooding from the upcoming rainy season, the Haitian government began operations to move thousands of refugees to a more secure location north of the capital. Recovery Haitians await the opening of a supply depot, 16 January US President Barack Obama announced that former presidents Bill Clinton, who also acts as the UN special envoy to Haiti, and George W. Bush would coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti 's recovery. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that US $48 million had been raised already in the US to help Haiti recover. Following the meeting with Secretary Clinton, President Préval stated that the highest priorities in Haiti 's recovery were establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets were cleared of bodies to improve sanitary conditions. US Vice President Joe Biden stated on 16 January that President Obama `` does not view this as a humanitarian mission with a life cycle of a month. This will still be on our radar screen long after it 's off the crawler at CNN. This is going to be a long slog. '' Planes loaded with aid supplies crowd the tarmac at Port - au - Prince airport, waiting to be unloaded, 18 January Trade and Industry Minister Josseline Colimon Fethiere estimated that the earthquake 's toll on the Haitian economy would be massive, with one in five jobs lost. In response to the earthquake, foreign governments offered badly needed financial aid. The European Union promised € 330 million for emergency and long - term aid. Brazil announced R $375 million for long - term recovery aid, R $25 million of which in immediate funds. The United Kingdom 's Secretary of State for International Development Douglas Alexander called the result of the earthquake an `` almost unprecedented level of devastation '', and committed the UK to ₤ 20 million in aid, while France promised € 10 million. Italy announced it would waive repayment of the € 40 million it had loaned to Haiti, and the World Bank waived the country 's debt repayments for five years. On 14 January, the US government announced it would give US $100 million to the aid effort and pledged that the people of Haiti `` will not be forgotten ''. The UN Development Programme employed hundreds of Haitians to clear roads and to make fuel pellets in a cash - for - work scheme In the aftermath of the earthquake, the government of Canada announced that it would match the donations of Canadians up to a total of C $50 million. Canadians were able to donate through the Humanitarian Coalition which distributed funds to partner organizations working in the field. During this time the Humanitarian Coalition raised over C $15 Million. After a United Nations call for help for the people affected by the earthquake, Canada pledged an additional C $60 million in aid on 19 January 2010, bringing Canada 's total contribution to C $135 million. By 8 February 2010, the federal International Co-operation Department, through the Canadian International Development Agency ( CIDA ), had already provided about C $85 million in humanitarian aid through UN agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and to organizations such as CARE, Médecins du Monde, Save the Children, Oxfam Quebec, the Centre for International Studies and co-operation, and World Vision. On 23 January 2010, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the federal government had lifted the limit on the amount of money allocated for matching individual donations to relief efforts, and that the federal government would continue to match individual donations until 12 February 2010 ; by the deadline, Canadians had privately raised C $220 million. On top of matching donations, International Co-operation Minister Bev Oda pledged an additional C $290 million in long - term relief to be spent between 2010 and 2012, including C $8 million in debt relief to Haiti, part of a broader cancellation of the country 's overall World Bank debt. The government 's commitment to provide C $550 million in aid and debt relief and Canadians ' individual donations amount to a total of C $770 million. South Korea 's National Rescue Services team In addition to Canada 's federal government, the governments of several of the provinces and territories of Canada also announced that they would provide immediate emergency aid to Haiti. On 18 January 2010, the province of Quebec, whose largest city -- Montreal -- houses the world 's largest Haitian diaspora, pledged C $3 million in emergency aid. Both the provincial government of Quebec and the Canadian federal government reaffirmed their commitment to rebuilding Haiti at the 2010 Francophonie Summit ; Prime Minister Harper used his opening speech to `` tell the head of the Haitian delegation to keep up their spirits '' and to urge other nations to continue to support recovery efforts. President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal offered interested Haitians free land in Senegal ; depending on how many respond to the offer, this could include up to an entire region. A US mobile air traffic control tower is moved to Haiti by an Antonov An - 124 Ruslan Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from 20 January, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves ; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved. Port - au - Prince, according to an international studies professor at the University of Miami, was ill - equipped before the disaster to sustain the number of people who had migrated there from the countryside over the past ten years to find work. After the earthquake, thousands of Port - au - Prince residents began returning to the rural towns they came from. On 25 January a one - day conference was held in Montreal to assess the relief effort and discuss further plans. Prime Minister Bellerive told delegates from 20 countries that Haiti would need `` massive support '' for its recovery from the international community. A donors ' conference was expected to be held at the UN headquarters in New York in March, however, took more than three months to hold the UN conference. The 26 - member international Interim Haiti Reconstruction Commission, headed by Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive, convened in June 2010. That committee is overseeing the US $5.3 billion pledged internationally for the first two years of Haiti 's reconstruction. The commission was critiqued by Haitian groups for lacking Haitian civil society representation and accountability mechanisms. Half the representation on the commission was given to foreigners who effectively bought their seats by pledging certain amounts of money. An international development consultant contracted by the commission was quoted as saying, `` Look, you have to realize the IHRC ( commission ) was not intended to work as a structure or entity for Haiti or Haitians. It was simply designed as a vehicle for donors to funnel multinationals ' and NGOs ' project contracts. '' The Netherlands sponsored a project, called Radio555. The Dutch radio channels 3FM, Radio 538 and Radio Veronica all broadcast under the name of Radio555, funded by a contribution of € 80 million. Several organizations of the US building industry and government, such as the Department of Homeland Security and the International Code Council, among others, reported that they were compiling a `` Haiti Toolkit '' coordinated by the National Institute of Building Sciences. The toolkit would comprise building technology resources and best practices for consideration by the Haitian government with the goal of creating a more resilient infrastructure to prevent future losses of life. Immediately following the earthquake, Real Medicine Foundation began providing medical staffing, in - kind medical supplies and strategic coordination to help meet the surging needs of the health crisis on the ground. Working in close partnership with other relief organizations, Real Medicine organized deployments of volunteer medical specialists to meet the needs of partner hospitals and clinics at the Haiti -- Dominican Republic border and in Port - au - Prince, provided direct funding, medical supplies and pharmaceuticals to local health facilities and partner hospitals, provided advisory services and coordination to local health facilities, including physical therapy support, and coordinated mobile health outreaches, field clinics and food supplies to outlying villages overlooked in the relief effort. On 15 January 2011, the Catholic Relief Services announced a US $200 million, five - year relief and reconstruction program that covers shelter, health, livelihoods, and child protection among its program areas. Status of the recovery Six months after the quake as much as 98 percent of the rubble remained uncleared. An estimated 26 million cubic yards ( 20 million cubic meters ) remained, making most of the capital impassable, and thousands of bodies remained in the rubble. The number of people in relief camps of tents and tarps since the quake was 1.6 million, and almost no transitional housing had been built. Most of the camps had no electricity, running water, or sewage disposal, and the tents were beginning to fall apart. Crime in the camps was widespread, especially against women and girls. Between 23 major charities, US $1.1 billion had been collected for Haiti for relief efforts, but only two percent of the money had been released. According to a CBS report, US $3.1 billion had been pledged for humanitarian aid and was used to pay for field hospitals, plastic tarps, bandages, and food, plus salaries, transportation and upkeep of relief workers. By May 2010, enough aid had been raised internationally to give each displaced family a cheque for US $37,000. In July 2010, CNN returned to Port - au - Prince and reported, `` It looks like the quake just happened yesterday '', and Imogen Wall, spokeswoman for the United Nations office of humanitarian affairs in Haiti, said that `` six months from that time it may still look the same. '' Land ownership posed a particular problem for rebuilding because so many pre-quake homes were not officially registered. `` Even before the national registry fell under the rubble, land tenure was always a complex and contentious issue in Haiti. Many areas of Port - au - Prince were settled either by tonton makout -- Duvalier 's death squads -- given land for their service or by squatters. In many cases land ownership was never officially registered. Even if this logistical logjam were to be cleared, the vast majority of Port - au - Prince residents, up to 85 percent, did not own their homes before the earthquake. '' Haitian grassroots groups advocated for the government to fulfill the right to housing as designated in the Haitian constitution, and for donor governments to support this as well. They also worked to push the international community to recognize the wave of evictions from camps that started as early as three months after the earthquake and to put protections in place, but little was done in response. In September 2010 there were over one million refugees still living in tents, and the humanitarian situation was characterized as still being in the emergency phase, according to the Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti, Archbishop Bernard Auza. He went on to say that the number was rising instead of diminishing, and reported that the state had decided to first rebuild downtown Port - au - Prince and a new government center, but reconstruction had not yet begun. In October 2010, Refugees International characterized the aid agencies as dysfunctional and inexperienced saying, `` The people of Haiti are still living in a state of emergency, with a humanitarian response that appears paralyzed ''. It was reported that gang leaders and land owners were intimidating the displaced and that sexual, domestic, and gang violence in and around the camps was rising. They claimed that rape of Haitian women and girls who had been living in camps since the January earthquake was increasing, in part, because the United Nations was n't doing enough to protect them. In October, a cholera epidemic broke out, probably introduced by foreign aid workers. Cholera most often affects poor countries with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation. By the end of 2010, more than 3,333 had died at a rate of about 50 deaths a day. 2011 In January 2011, one year after the quake, Oxfam published a report on the status of the recovery. According to the report, relief and recovery were at a standstill due to government inaction and indecision on the part of the donor countries. The report stated, `` One year on, only five percent of the rubble has been cleared and only 15 percent of the required basic and temporary houses have been built. House building on a large scale can not be started before the enormous amount of rubble is cleared. The government and donors must prioritize this most basic step toward helping people return home ''. Robert Fox, executive director of Oxfam Canada, said `` The dysfunction has been aided unabated by the way the international community has organized itself, where pledges have been made and they have n't followed through ( and ) where they come to the table with their own agendas and own priorities. Most donors provided funds for transitional housing but very little money for clearing rubble or repairing houses ''. Fox said that in many instances rubble removal `` means it was ( moved ) off someone 's property onto the road in front of the property ''. According to a UNICEF report, `` Still today more than one million people remain displaced, living in crowded camps where livelihoods, shelter and services are still hardly sufficient for children to stay healthy ''. Amnesty International reported that armed men were preying with impunity on girls and women in displacement camps, worsening the trauma of victims who have lost homes, livelihoods and loved ones. On the first anniversary of the earthquake, Haitian - born Michaëlle Jean, who served as the Governor General of Canada at the time of the disaster, and who became United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) Special Envoy for Haiti on 8 November 2010, voiced her anger at the slow rate of aid delivery. She blamed the international community for abandoning its commitments. In a public letter co-authored with UNESCO head Irina Bokova, Jean said, `` As time passes, what began as a natural disaster is becoming a disgraceful reflection on the international community. '' The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission, led by former US President Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive, had been set up to facilitate the flow of funds toward reconstruction projects in April 2010, but as of January 2011, no major reconstruction had started. 2012 In January 2012, two years since the quake, figures released by the United Nations show that of the nearly US $4.5 billion pledged for reconstruction projects in 2010 and 2011, only 43 percent has been delivered. Venezuela and the US, which promised the major share of reconstruction funds, have disbursed only 24 percent and 30 percent, respectively. Japan and Finland are among the few donors to have fully met their pledges. The data shows that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps. In 2010 and 2011, for example, donors disbursed just US $125 million of the US $311 million in grants allocated to agriculture projects, and only US $108 million of the US $315 million in grants allocated to health projects. Only 6 percent of bilateral aid for reconstruction projects has gone through Haitian institutions, and less than 1 percent of relief funding has gone through the government of Haiti. A January 2012 Oxfam report said that a half a million Haitians remained homeless, still living under tarps and in tents. Watchdog groups have criticized the reconstruction process saying that part of the problem is that charities spent a considerable amount of money on `` soaring rents, board members ' needs, overpriced supplies and imported personnel ''. The Miami Herald reports. `` A lot of good work was done ; the money clearly did n't all get squandered, '' but, `` A lot just was n't responding to needs on the ground. Millions were spent on ad campaigns telling people to wash their hands. Telling them to wash their hands when there 's no water or soap is a slap in the face. '' The Institute of Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Let Haiti Live, and The Center For Constitutional Rights have recommended immediate changes to recovery efforts to ensure that critical human rights concerns are addressed. A report found that, `` The conditions in the displaced persons camps are abysmal, particularly for women and girls who too often are victims of gender ‐ based violence ''. They call for more oversight of accountability of reconstruction plans, asking, `` Why have only 94,000 transitional shelters been built to date despite a stated goal of 125,000 in the first year ? ''. On 25 August 2012, recovery was hampered due to Tropical Storm Isaac impacting Haiti 's southern peninsula. There it caused flooding and 29 deaths according to local reporting. As a result of the 2010 earthquake, more than 400,000 Haitians continue to live in tents and experienced the storm without adequate shelter. In late October, with over 370,000 still living in tent camps, a second tropical storm, Hurricane Sandy, killed 55 and left large portions of Haiti under water. At the 2012 Consultative Group meeting of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery ( GFDRR ), the Haitian delegation shared a `` bottom - up '' approach to disaster reduction and management based on community integration and sustainable development with a group of experts from approximately 38 nations. 2013 According to the International Monetary Fund, more than half of the 10,000,000 cubic metres ( 13,000,000 cu yd ) of debris have been removed, and 20 percent of it has been recycled. The cholera outbreak which began in October 2010 has continued. According to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention it is considered the worst epidemic of cholera since the 1994 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( called Zaire at that time ). By August 2013, it had killed over 8,231 Haitians and hospitalized hundreds of thousands more. More than 6 % of Haitians have had the disease. Care of cholera patients remains inadequate with much now done in tent facilities with rows of cots for patient treatment. The United Nations peace keeping force, widely believed responsible for the cholera outbreak, continues to refuse to accept responsibility, however, they have launched a $2.2 billion initiative to combat cholera and the construction of a $17 million teaching hospital in Mirebalais which will employ 800 Haitians and treat 185,000 people. By the beginning of the year only a small part -- $215 million -- of the total funds collected for aid had been spent on permanent housing, with most of it -- $1.2 billion -- going for short - term solutions including tent camps, temporary shelters, and cash grants that paid a year 's rent. A 2013 survey disclosed that of the 1.5 million Haitians living in camps following the quake, about 279,000 remained in a total of 352 camps. Fifteen percent of the camps had no basic protection services, and 48 % no health services. While 20 % lacked functioning toilets, this is higher than the population outside tent cities, where 50 % lack toilets. Many camps remained at a risk for flooding and more than a third of the camps ( 108 ) were at risk for evictions. In a 2013 statement, the American Red Cross reported that almost all of the money collected for quake relief has been spent or is scheduled for making progress permanent by ensuring people can leave camps and return to stable communities, which includes building new homes, repairing homes, completing a new hospital and clinic, and signing an agreement for a second hospital. 2015 In 2015, NPR and ProPublica investigated the disappearance of US $500 million donated to the American Red Cross for earthquake relief, earlier described by the charity as the result of `` one of the most successful fundraisers ever ''. Despite the claims of the American Red Cross that 130,000 homes had been built, the investigation discovered that only six had been built. The investigation reviewed `` hundreds '' of pages of internal documents and interviewed `` more than a dozen '' former and current staff members, investigating the organization 's claim that 4.5 million Haitians had been helped `` back on their feet. '' Joel Boutroue, a Haitian government advisor, said that this number would cover `` 100 percent of the urban area '', and observed that it would mean the Red Cross had served every city in Haiti. Numerous other claims did not hold up under investigation. NPR found that the project was riddled with `` multiple staffing changes '', bureaucratic delays and a language barrier, as many of the Red Cross officials spoke neither French nor Haitian Creole. General counsel for the American Red Cross, David Meltzer, provided investigators with the NGO 's official statistics, but would not elaborate on them. The public affairs office of the Red Cross disputed NPR and ProPublica 's claims in an email, and claimed that their investigative report could cause an international incident. By June the American Red Cross had transferred the rebuilding efforts to the Haitian Red Cross. In literature The Haiti 2010 earthquake has been depicted in the novel God Loves Haiti, by Dimitry Elias Léger. See also Haiti portal Disasters portal 1692 Jamaica earthquake 1972 Nicaragua earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami 2010 Chile earthquake Health crisis List of earthquakes in 2010 List of natural disasters in Haiti List of earthquakes in Haiti J / P Haitian Relief Organization References Jump up ^ Lin, Rong - Gong ; Allen, Sam ( 26 February 2011 ). `` New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings ''. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011. ^ Jump up to : Lessons to be learned from Haiti 's tsunami BBC News, 25 February 2010 ^ Jump up to : ( 1 ) Columbia Journalism Review, `` Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute '', 20 January 2012 ^ Jump up to : ( 2 ) Medicine, Conflict and Survival Vol. 26, Issue 4, 2010, Mortality, crime and access to basic needs before and after the Haiti earthquake ^ Jump up to : `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 17. U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths ^ Jump up to : `` USGS Magnitude 7.0 -- HAITI REGION ''. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Millar, Lisa ( 17 January 2010 ). `` Tens of thousands isolated at quake epicentre ''. ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` As Haiti mourns, quake survivor found in rubble ''. New York Daily Times. 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Red Cross : 3M Haitians Affected by Quake ''. CBS News. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000 ''. BBC. 10 February 2010. Jump up ^ `` A Call to Action : Haiti at 6 months '', World Vision Australia ( 12 July 2010 ). Retrieved 13 January 2011 ^ Jump up to : Renois, Clarens ( 5 February 2010 ). `` Haitians angry over slow aid ''. The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 7 February 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2010. Jump up ^ Bell, Beverly ( 2013 ). Fault Lines : Views across Haiti 's Divide. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press. pp. 32 -- 40. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8014 - 7769 - 0. ^ Jump up to : `` Archbishop of Port - Au - Prince Dies in Haiti Quake ''. The Times of India. Associated Press. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Boschafter : Mehrere Minister unter den Toten '' ( in German ). Deutsche Presse - Agentur. 15 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti After The Quake ''. Thaindian News. 17 January 2010. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Briefing by Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the Secretary - General, and Jean Victor Nkolo, Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly ''. United Nations. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Clinton visits quake - hit Haitians ''. BBC News. 16 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti : bilancio del terremoto, 111.499 vittime ''. Corriere della Sera. 22 January 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010. Jump up ^ Prepetit, Claude ( 9 October 2008 ). `` Tremblements de terre en Haïti, mythe ou réalité ? '' ( PDF ). Le Matin ( in French ). N ° 33082. Retrieved 26 April 2011., quoting Moreau de Saint - Méry, Médéric Louis Élie. `` Description topographique, physique, civile, politique et historique de la partie française de l'Ile Saint Domingue ''. and J.M. Jan ( 1972 ). `` Documentation religieuse ''. Éditions Henri Deschamps. Jump up ^ `` Earthquake leaves Haiti ' worse than a war zone ' ''. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Human Development Report 2009 Haiti '' United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Archived 14 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Travel Advice -- Haiti '' Archived 29 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine., Smartraveller : The Australian Government 's travel advisory and consular assistance service. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Renois, Clarens ( 12 January 2010 ). `` Fears of major catastrophe as 7.0 quake rocks Haiti ''. Agence France - Presse. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Carroll, Rory ' We are going to disappear one day ', The Guardian, 8 November 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Magnitude 7.0 -- HAITI REGION Tectonic Summary '' Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 ^ Jump up to : Hayes, G.P. ; Briggs, R.W. ; Sladen, A. ; Fielding, E.J. ; Prentice, C. ; Hudnut, K. ; Mann, P. ; Taylor, F.W. ; Crone, A.J. ; Gold, R. ; Ito, T. ; Simons, M. ( 2010 ). `` Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake ''. Nature Geoscience. 3 ( 11 ) : 800 -- 805. Bibcode : 2010NatGe... 3... 800H. doi : 10.1038 / ngeo977. Archived from the original on 23 October 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` PAGER -- M 7.0 -- HAITI REGION '' Archived 17 January 2010 at WebCite United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Magnitude 7.0 -- HAITI REGION USGS Community Internet Intensity Map '' Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 Jump up ^ Bachelet, Michelle ( 27 February 2010 ). `` More than 2 million affected by earthquake, Chile 's president says ''. CNN. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Jump up ^ Frequently Asked Questions Institute for Crustal Studies Jump up ^ Amos, Jonathan ( 13 January 2010 ). `` Haiti quake : The worst of places for a big tremor ''. BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti Earthquake ''. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science -- University of Colorado. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the 12 January 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti Earthquake ''. USGS. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` NGY Seismology Note No. 24 ( in Japanese ) ''. Research Center for Seismology Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation Nagoya University. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ DeMets, C. ; Wiggins - Grandison W. ( 2007 ). `` Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data '' ( PDF ). Geophysical Journal International. 168 : 362 -- 378. Bibcode : 2007GeoJI. 168... 362D. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 246X. 2006.03236. x. Retrieved 19 December 2009. Jump up ^ Mann, Paul ; Calais, Eric ; Demets, Chuck ; Prentice, Carol S ; Wiggins - Grandison, Margaret ( March 2008 ). `` Entiquillo - Plantain Garden Strike - Slip Fault Zone : A Major Seismic Hazard Affecting Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica ''. 18th Caribbean Geological Conference. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Delacroix, Phoenix ( 25 September 2008 ). `` Haiti / Menace de Catastrope Naturelle / Risque sismique élevé sur Port - au - Prince ''. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : NEIC : Earthquake Search Results US Geological Survey ; Lists earthquakes recorded from 12 January until 30 January. Retrieved 30 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` New aid arrives, but aftershock rattles Haiti ''. CNN. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Lacey, Marc ( 20 January 2010 ). `` Aftershock Rattles Nerves in Haitian Capital ''. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Haitians flee in fear as big aftershock hits ''. Houston Chronicle. Associated Press. 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti earthquake : reaching victims outside the capital, International Committee of the Red Cross, 19 January 2010 Jump up ^ A Deadly Quake in a Seismic Hot Zone The New York Times, 25 February 2010 ^ Jump up to : Katz, Jonathan M. ( 12 January 2010 ). `` Many casualties expected after big quake in Haiti ''. Atlanta Journal - Constitution. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Tsunami Message Number 3 ''. NOAA. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010. Jump up ^ Rich Phillips ; Senior Producer ( 20 January 2010 ). `` In Petit Paradis, earthquake then tsunami ''. CNN. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010. Jump up ^ McQuigge, Michelle ( 13 January 2010 ). `` Aid workers face frightening challenges in wake of massive quake in Haiti ''. Metro News. Metro International. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Only one hospital open in Haiti 's quake - hit capital ''. NewsComAU. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Major earthquake off Haiti causes hospital to collapse ''. The Telegraph. London. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011. ^ Jump up to : Fraser, Christian ( 20 January 2010 ). `` Haitians show fortitude in face of disaster ''. BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` UN provides generator for a hospital in Haiti '' ( PDF ). United Nations. Retrieved 24 January 2010. Jump up ^ Lipton, Eric ( 13 January 2010 ). `` Devastation, Seen From a Ship ''. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Brannigan, Martha ( 15 January 2010 ). `` Haiti seaport damage complicates relief efforts ''. The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ Statement From Digicel on Haiti Earthquake, IndiaPRwire, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Heim, Kristi ( 19 January 2010 ). `` Update from Trilogy : five employees killed in Haiti ''. The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Rhoads, Christopher ( 15 January 2010 ). `` Earthquake Sets Back Haiti 's Efforts to Improve Telecommunications ''. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ T. Carter Ross ( 25 January 2010 ). `` Radio Extends Efforts to Help Haiti ''. Radio World. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. Jump up ^ Allen, Karern ( 28 January 2010 ). `` Rebuilding Haiti from rubble and dust ''. BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haitian palace collapses '' The Straits Times, 13 January 2010 Archived 17 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Haïti : les rescapés évacués à la Martinique décrivent le `` chaos '' ``. Nouvel OBS. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Earthquake Rocks Haiti ''. Fox News Channel. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Info -- Séisme à Haïti : les autorités s'attendent au pire ''. tsr.ch. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Katz, Jonathan M. ( 19 January 2010 ). `` Haiti 's president narrowly missed injury in quake ''. Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Lacey, Marc ( 19 January 2010 ). `` U.S. Troops Patrol Haiti, Filling a Void ''. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Sherwell, Philip ; Patrick Sawer ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Haiti earthquake : looting and gun - fights break out ''. The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Roig - Franzia, Manuel ( 20 January 2010 ). `` Shattered city government in quake - ravaged Port - au - Prince in need of help itself ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Interview - Haitian education system ' totally collapsed ' ''. ReliefWeb. Reuters. 18 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010. Jump up ^ Hackett, Ken ( 6 -- 19 August 2010 ). `` Support is touching lives ''. Orlando, Florida : Florida Catholic. pp. A2. Jump up ^ `` Midwifery and Nursing School Destroyed by Haiti Earthquake ''. ReliefWeb. United Nations Population Fund. 22 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010. Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Tracy ( 24 January 2010 ). `` A cultural agony in a nation where art is life ''. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010. Jump up ^ Wroughton, Lesley ( 12 January 2010 ). `` World Bank to assess Haiti damage, plan rebuilding ''. Reuters. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` Citigroup resumes operations in Haiti ''. IB Times. 24 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. Jump up ^ Faries, Bill ; Varner, William ( 10 January 2010 ). `` Earthquake in Haiti May Have Killed ' Over 100,000 ' ''. Bloomberg News. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Apparel Makers Assess Damages in Haiti and Organize Donations ''. ApparelNews.net. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ Mercure, Philippe ( 15 February 2010 ). `` Un barrage menace de céder à Grand - Goâve ''. La Presse ( in French ). Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2010. Jump up ^ Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances Supplies begin to arrive in Haiti as aftershocks shake stunned nation, The Miami Herald, 14 January 2010 Jump up ^ Watkins, Tom ( 13 January 2010 ) Problems with Haiti building standards outlined CNN, 13 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ Greene, Richard Aid workers heading to Haiti fear for their safety, CNN, 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc Government Struggles to Exhume Itself, The New York Times, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Robles, Frances, Charles, Jacqueline With Haiti 's government in ruins, ' only God is in charge ' Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine., The Seattle Times, 15 January 2010 Jump up ^ Update 1 - US takes control of Haiti airport to speed aid, Reuters, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances, Trention, Daniel Haiti 's desperation rises as swell of bodies grows, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 January 2010 Jump up ^ Israeli medical, rescue workers help Haitians, JTA, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ 8 saved during `` Shabbat from hell '' Israel 21c Innovation News Service, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Archived 19 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Charles, Jacqueline, Pressoir, Jean - Cyril, Brecher, Elinor No chance to give the dead a proper burial, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haven, Paul ( 20 January 2010 ). `` By the thousands, Haiti returns dead to the earth ''. The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti 's voodoo priests object to mass burials, Reuters, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Cave, Damien As Haitians Flee, the Dead Go Uncounted, The New York Times, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ Ian Rawson, managing director, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles. Retrieved 17 January 2010 Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti Blog, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Charles, Jacqueline ; Daniel, Trenton ; Robles, Frances ; Chang, Daniel ( 15 January 2010 ). `` Help begins to trickle in, but desperate populace needs widespread relief ''. The Miami Herald. Retrieved 1 February 2011. Jump up ^ Roth, Daniel Tension grows in the border with Dominican Republic as Haitians try to escape, The Miami Herald, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc Looting Flares as Authority Breaks Down, The New York Times, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Pilkington, Ed ( 17 January 2010 ). `` Retribution swift and brutal for Haiti 's looters ''. The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Booth, Jenny ( 17 January 2010 ). `` Haiti quake : first British victim named as violence increases ''. The Times. London. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Doctor : Misinformation and Racism Have Frozen Recovery Effort at General Hospital in Port - au - Prince ''. Democracy Now !. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Siddique, Haroon ; Weaver, Matthew ( 19 January 2010 ). `` Haiti earthquake updates : live blog ''. The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Leonard, Tom ( 18 January 2010 ). `` Haiti earthquake : law and order on a knife edge ''. The Daily Telegraph. Port - au - Prince. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Mackey, Robert Latest Updates on the Crisis in Haiti, The New York Times, 18 January 2010 Jump up ^ Charles, Jacqueline, Burch, Audra After losing all else, Haitians are keeping the faith, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Cooper, Anderson, Watson, Ivan Desperation grows : Mass grave found outside Port - au - Prince, CNN, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000 ''. BBC News. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Melissen, Hans Jaap ( 23 February 2010 ). `` Haiti quake death toll well under 100,000 ''. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary CBC News, 12 January 2011 Jump up ^ Fletcher, Dan ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Are the Death Estimates Accurate ? ''. Time. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. ^ Jump up to : Romero, Simon ; MacFarquhar, Neil ( 20 January 2010 ). `` Haiti 's Many Troubles Keep Bodies Uncounted ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haïti : Un silence assourdissant '' ( in French ). Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Williams, Sean A. `` Haitian Football Federation says 30 dead ''. Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti recovery ' to take decades ' BBC News, 29 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Florida College Scrambles for Information on Students in Haiti ''. Fox News Channel. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll ''. BBC. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011. Jump up ^ http://haiti.usaid.gov/issues/docs/121911_shelter_fact_sheet.pdf Jump up ^ Jordan, James ; Borland, Huw ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Tensions Mount in Haiti Amid Plea For Aid ''. Sky News. Retrieved 16 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : `` Dominican Republic aid to Haiti eases historic tensions ''. CNN. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Appeals for aid after quake strikes Haiti '' CNN, 13 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ Reuters ( 3 January 2007 ). `` Wyclef Jean to be Haiti 's roving ambassador ''. MSNBC. Retrieved 13 January 2010. Jump up ^ McCosker, Anthony ( 2013 ). `` De-framing disaster : affective encounters with raw and autonomous media ''. Continuum. 27 ( 3 ) : 382. doi : 10.1080 / 10304312.2013. 772109. ^ Jump up to : Rocio Diaz. `` Dominican Republic : Helping Neighboring Haiti After Earthquake ''. Global Voices Online. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` www.flydominicanrepublic.com ''. `` http://www.flydominicanrepublic.com ''. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011. Jump up ^ `` República Dominicana envía a Haití equipos de emergencia para ayudar en el rescate de las víctimas '' ( in Spanish ). Europa Press. 18 September 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` The Icelandic urban SAR team has landed at Haiti ''. ICESAR. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010. Jump up ^ Chinese Team Offers Aid in Haiti CRIENGLISH.com, 15 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Qatar joins global relief effort in Haiti ''. Gulf Times. 15 January 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ האסון בהאיטי : אלפים נמלטים מעיר הבירה Disaster in Haiti : Thousands flee from the capital. Walla News ( in Hebrew ). 16 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ 한국 국제 구호 대, 대장 박청웅 Korea Search and Rescue Team Jump up ^ Associated Press ( 13 January 2010 ). `` American Red Cross says it has run out of medical supplies in Haiti ''. readingeagle.com. Retrieved 23 May 2011. Jump up ^ Frere, Eileen ( 13 January 2010 ). `` Buena Park charity pack supplies for Haiti ''. ABC Local. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Trip to Port - au - Prince reveals more of the tragedy ''. Partners in Health. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti -- MINUSTAH -- Facts and Figures ''. United Nations. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011. Jump up ^ Bacon, Lance M. ( 13 January 2010 ). `` Carl Vinson, other ships headed to Haiti ''. Navy News. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Amos, Jonathan How satellites are being used in Haiti, BBC News, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Twitter search for Haiti survivors Channel 4, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ Facebook users in Haiti say some access has been blocked, The Miami Herald, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ Gross, Doug Social networks, texts boost fundraising, CNN, 14 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Open Street Map community responds to Haiti crisis ''. Open Knowledge Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ Hesse, Monica, Crisis mapping brings online tool to Haitian disaster relief effort The Washington Post, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Stephen A. Murphy, Poker Sites Matching Players ' Donations to Haiti, Card Player Magazine, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Canada considers fast - tracking Haitian immigration, CBC News, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ Stone, Rick ( 14 January 2010 ). `` Miami 's ' Little Haiti ' Neighborhood Waits For News ''. NPR. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ Preston, Julia Haitians in U.S. Illegally Given Protected Status, The New York Times, 15 January 2010 Jump up ^ McGrory, Kathleen Krome detention center readied for possible influx of Haitians, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Haitian orphans rushed to new homes abroad, CNN, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : US sends 4,000 more troops to Haiti, The Guardian, 21 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010. Jump up ^ Schapiro, Rich ( 21 January 2010 ). `` Haiti earthquake : Groups urge adoption freeze, believing kids ' kin may be alive ''. Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ Chardy, Alphonso ; Bustos, Sergio ( 14 January 2010 ). `` Church, immigrant groups plan to airlift Haitian orphans to S. Florida ''. The Miami Herald. Retrieved 14 January 2010. Jump up ^ Canada hopes to ' fast - track ' Haitian adoptions : Kenney, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ Marrapodi, Eric, Lawrence, Chris, Hall, Rick, Phillips, Rich, Watson, Ivan and Candiotti, Susan Haitians dig themselves out as quake damage slows outside aid, CNN, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Only one hospital open in Haiti 's quake hit capital ''. Courier Mail. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Haiti Devastated, The Indian Express, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ The ICRC in Haiti Archived 24 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. International Committee of the Red Cross. Jump up ^ `` Haiti earthquake : ICRC sets up special website to facilitate family contacts ''. International Committee of the Red Cross. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ AFP Medics report mass amputations in Haiti, Herald Sun, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Sheridan, Mary Beth Patients overwhelm medical teams at Haiti clinics, The Washington Post, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Edwards, Steven ; Barrera, Jorge ( 17 January 2010 ). `` Fears of violence as Haitians grow desperate for water, food ''. The Gazette. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Charles, Jacqueline, Trenton, Daniel, Clark, Lesley More U.S. troops, relief supplies to arrive in Haiti today ; rescue efforts continue as window narrows for survivors, The Miami Herald, 18 January 2010 Jump up ^ Disaster in Haiti, CBS, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Strong aftershock shakes Haiti, week after earthquake ''. BBC News. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Tran, Mark Aid plane turned away from Haiti airport, says medical charity, The Guardian, 17 January 2010 ^ Jump up to : France and America bicker as Haiti aid fails to reach city The Times, 18 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Doctors Without Borders Plane with Lifesaving Medical Supplies Diverted Again from Landing in Haiti ''. Doctors Without Borders. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Montpetit, Jonathan ( 18 January 2010 ). `` Canada determining how and where to direct relief to Haitians ''. Alberta Local News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 1 February 2011. Jump up ^ Morris, Harvey ( 17 January 2010 ). `` EU plays down talk of Haiti rift with US ''. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Boadle, Anthony ( 17 January 2010 ). `` U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing ''. Reuters News. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ Cave, Damien, Sontag, Deborah Rescues Beat Dimming Odds in Haiti, The New York Times, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Fernandes, Adriana Brasil pedirá que ONU defina papéis ( in Portuguese ), O Estado de S. Paulo, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ AFP La France critique la gestion de l'aéroport de Port - au - Prince ( in French ), Libération, 16 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Hampton, Olivia Beset by logistical challenges, Haiti relief presses on, Agence France - Presse, 16 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Scofield Jr., Gilberto Descoordenação atrapalha ajuda a vítimas do terremoto no Haiti ( in Portuguese ), O Globo, 17 January 2010 Jump up ^ Morris, Harvey Haiti airport delays blamed on US, Financial Times, 17 January 2010 ^ Jump up to : ( 3 ) Jump up ^ `` U.S. : Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up -- Haiti earthquake ''. MSNBC. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Boadle, Anthony ( 17 January 2010 ). `` U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing ''. Miami. Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` U.S. : Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up ''. NBC News. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Dreazen, Yochi U.S. Carrier Carl Vinson Joins Relief Efforts, The Wall Street Journal, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Vinson Helicopters Perform Medical Evacuations ; `` Sea Base '' On the Way ``. United States Navy. 16 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Bacon, Lance ( 15 January 2010 ). `` 3 amphibs leave Virginia for Haiti ''. Navy Times. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Farlan, Mark M. ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Bataan heads for Haiti ''. Navy Times. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haïti : un navire français en route ( in French ), Le Figaro, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Garamone, Jim ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Top Navy Doc Predicts Long USNS Comfort Deployment ''. American Forces Press Service. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ Fuentes, Gidget ( 16 January 2010 ). `` Bunker Hill en route to help Haiti mission ''. Navy Times. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Bienvenue sur le site consacré au TCD Siroco -- Page d'accueil ''. TCD Siroco. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ At Haiti roadblock, a lesson in power dynamics Los Angeles Times, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ Padgett, Tim ( 17 January 2010 ). `` With the Military in Haiti : Breaking the Supply Logjam ''. Time. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Jump up ^ AFP, `` In Haiti, the Jacmel cathedral clock stopped at 5 : 37 pm '' My Sinchew, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Canadian Forces head to port town of Jacmel ''. CBC News. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` O'Brien : Haiti 's cultural core suffers, too '', CNN, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Symbol of Hope rescued from rubble in Haitian church '', Senior Life, Brevard County Florida, March 2010, page 3 Jump up ^ `` Haiti quake victims ' bodies ' piled up by roads ' ''. BBC News. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` HMCS Athabaskan, Halifax to be in Haiti early Tuesday ''. The Chronicle Herald. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ Galloway, Gloria ( 20 January 2010 ). `` Canada 's big task in Haiti starts on small airstrip ''. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ `` Haiti earthquake : reaching victims outside the capital, ''. ICRC News. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti earthquake : ICRC expands relief effort, ICRC News, 20 January 2010 Jump up ^ Evening News Online CBS News ( video ), 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ U.N. : Over 70 Rescued From Haitian Rubble CBS News, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Taiwanese search team rescues two survivors in Haiti ''. Taiwan News. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ Schept, Susan CG continues evacuations, clears port, Navy Times, 19 January 2010 Jump up ^ USNS Grasp, Divers Arrive in Port - au - Prince, Begin Port Assessments, United States Navy, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti pier opens, road laid into Port - au - Prince, CNN, 21 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Dolmetsch, Chris ( 22 January 2010 ). `` UN Urges Haiti Coordination as Supplies Flood Airport ''. Bloomberg. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ U.S. Fleet Forces Public Affairs ( 12 January 2010 ). `` U.S. Fleet Forces Commander Provides Update on Navy Contributions to Haiti Relief Efforts ''. United States Navy. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Maritime Force Serves as Cornerstone of Relief Operations in Haiti ''. US Navy. 20 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti quake victim rescue operation declared over ''. BBC News. 23 January 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010. Jump up ^ Haiti supermarket rescues called off CNN, 10 February 2010 Jump up ^ `` 10 Americans charged with kidnapping in Haiti ''. Agence France - Presse ( AFP ). 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 April 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010. Jump up ^ Freed from Haiti, missionary returns ' with mixed emotions ' CNN, 10 March 2010 Jump up ^ Brodigan, Chrissie ( 17 February 2010 ). `` Apps of Kindness : Crisis Camp Launches 3 New Web Apps for Haiti ''. Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Jump up ^ `` Home grown website to help Haitians rebuild ''. France 24. 2 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Jump up ^ `` How Can Technology Help Haiti ? Introducing Haiti Rewired ''. Haiti Rewired. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011. Jump up ^ `` Haiti begins relocating quake victims ahead of rains ''. BBC News. 11 April 2010. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010. Jump up ^ Presidents Clinton, Bush lead effort to raise funds for Haiti, CNN, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Hillary Clinton meets with Haiti leader after arrival, CNN, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Reinhard, Beth Biden meets with Haitian - American leaders in Miami, The Miami Herald, 16 January 2010 Jump up ^ Zengerle, Patricia ( 25 January 2010 ). `` Interview - Quake cost one in five Haitian jobs - minister ''. ReliefWeb. Reuters. Jump up ^ Terra Notícias Governo quer indenizar famílias de militares mortos no Haiti ( in Portuguese ), Terra, 21 January 2010 ^ Jump up to : `` Haiti ' can lead quake recovery ', Canada summit told ''. BBC News. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010. Jump up ^ Sturcke, James ( 15 January 2010 ). `` Haiti quake : Obama announces $100 m US aid package ''. The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Donate to Haiti relief ''. Office of the Prime Minister. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti Appeal ''. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Jump up ^ `` Canada pledges 60 million Canadian dollars for Haiti aid ''. Agence France - Presse. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010. Jump up ^ `` Canada matches Haiti donations with $113 M ''. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` PM lifts cap for matching Haiti donations ''. CBC News. 23 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Canada pledges $400 M more for Haiti ''. CBC News. 31 March 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary ''. CBC News. 31 March 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Nova Scotia Responds to Disaster in Haiti ''. Emergency Management Office, Government of Nova Scotia. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Alberta promises $500 K for Haiti recovery ''. CBC News. 17 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Province of Saskatchewan Provides $250,000 in Aid to Haiti ''. Government of Saskatchewan. 17 January 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Quebec hands out C $3 M in emergency aid to Haiti ''. The Gazette. Montreal. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Francophonie Summit rallies around Haiti crisis ''. CTV News. 23 October 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Jump up ^ `` Senegal offers land to Haitians ''. BBC News. 17 January 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2011. Jump up ^ Cave, Damien Exodus to Countryside Reverses Long Trend, The New York Times, 21 January 2010 Jump up ^ Boyle, Christina Haiti earthquake : Thousands flee ravaged Port - au - Prince following powerful aftershock, Daily News, 21 January 2010 Jump up ^ Haiti earthquake : six months on The Observer, 10 July 2010 Jump up ^ Leaders look to end dispute over Haiti earthquake aid The Miami Herald, 3 August 2010 Jump up ^ Bell, Beverly ( 2013 ). Fault Lines : Views across Haiti 's Divide. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8014 - 7769 - 0. Jump up ^ Donderdag omroepactie voor Haïti, NOS Nieuws, 17 January 2010 ^ Jump up to : `` Fights over land stall Haiti quake recovery ''. CBS News. 11 July 2010. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Colker, Ryan. `` Haiti Toolkit Factsheet '' ( PDF ). National Institute of Building Sciences. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011. Jump up ^ Haiti Earthquake Relief Projects Real Medicine Foundation Jump up ^ `` One year later, local efforts to help Haiti rebuild continue ''. Catholic New World. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011. Jump up ^ `` ABC Local ''. ABC. 12 July 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haiti Six Months Later : Where Do Things Stand ? ''. ABC News. 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010. Jump up ^ Font size Print E-mail Share 5 Comments ( 12 July 2010 ). `` Haiti Recovery Bogged Down 6 Months after Quake ''. CBS News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Six months after quake, Haiti still suffers ''. CNN. 12 July 2010. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Jump up ^ Mark Schuller, Is Haiti Falling Through the Cracks ? Archived 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine. CounterPunch, 9 August 2010 Jump up ^ Bell, Beverly ( 2013 ). Fault Lines : Views across Haiti 's Divide. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8014 - 7769 - 0. Jump up ^ `` Nuncio to Haiti ''. Agencia Fides. 21 September 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010. Jump up ^ Report : Haiti recovery ' paralysed ' Al Jazeera, 8 October 2010 Jump up ^ Group : Haiti Earthquake Camps Expose Women to Sex Violence Bloomberg, 7 October 2010 Jump up ^ Haiti 's cholera deaths increase Al Jazeera, 31 December 2010 ^ Jump up to : A year of indecision leaves Haiti 's recovery at a standstill Oxfam International, 6 January 2011 Jump up ^ Haiti reconstruction at ' standstill, ' says Oxfam report Canada.com, 5 January 2011 Jump up ^ Haiti Progress Report 2010 Oxfam International, 6 January 2011 Jump up ^ Children in Haiti : One Year After -- The long road from relief to recovery UNICEF, January 2011 Jump up ^ Haiti : Sexual violence against women increasing Amnesty International, 6 January 2011 Jump up ^ `` Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary ''. CBC News. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011. ^ Jump up to : Goldberg, Eleanor ( 11 January 2012 ). `` Haiti Earthquake Recovery : Where Did All The Money Go ? ( INFOGRAPHIC ) ''. Huffington Post. Jump up ^ Provost, Claire ( 12 January 2012 ). `` Haiti earthquake : Where has the aid money gone ? ''. The Guardian. London. Jump up ^ Two years on and Haiti 's reconstruction proceeds at a ' snail 's pace, ' leaving half a million Haitians homeless -- Oxfam America Jump up ^ Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti '' Blog Archive '' Press Release : Two Years After The Earthquake, Where Did The Money Go ? Human Rights Groups Urge Immediate Changes I... Archived 30 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 4 before crossing Cuba and aiming at Florida ''. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012. Jump up ^ Aid workers prep Haiti 's tent city residents for Isaac 's onlsaught -- World News Archived 25 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ 65 dead as Hurricane Sandy crosses Caribbean ; ' the whole south is under water, ' says Haitian PM ( with video ) Jump up ^ Haiti 's disaster risk management and recovery experience showcased at GFDRR meeting -- News -- Professional Resources -- PreventionWeb.net ^ Jump up to : Mintz, Zoe ( 12 January 2013 ). `` LOOK : Haiti 3 Years Later : Where Has The Money Gone ? ''. Huffington Post. Jump up ^ Haiti 's Cholera Epidemic Not Waning ; Vaccination to Begin ^ Jump up to : `` Haiti, DR to eliminate cholera with $2.2 billion ''. Huffington Post. Jump up ^ Sontag, Deborah ( 31 March 2012 ). `` In Haiti, Global Failures on a Cholera Epidemic ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2013. Jump up ^ `` The Cholera Accountability Project ''. Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti. Retrieved 25 July 2013. Jump up ^ Roos, Robert ( 9 January 2013 ). `` Cholera has struck more than 6 % of Haitians ''. CIDRAP. Jump up ^ Government of Haiti, health ministry http://www.mspp.gouv.ht/site/downloads/Rapport%20%20Web%2012.08_Avec_Courbes_Departementales.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.eshelter-cccmhaiti.info/jl/images/sheltercccm%20cluster%20-%20hct%20meeting%2014082013%20.pdf Jump up ^ Haiti Earthquake Response -- Three - Year Update Red Cross. January 2013. Jump up ^ `` In Search Of The Red Cross ' $500 Million In Haiti Relief ''. June 3, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Debut Novels, New Books by Emma Hopper, Quan Barry and Dimitry Elias Léger ''. The New York Times. February 6, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015. Further reading TIME, Haiti ; Richar Stengel ; Nancy Gibbs ; Timothy Fadek ; Shaul Schwarz ; Amy Wilentz ; Bryan Walsh ; Bill Clinton ( 2010 ). Michael Elliot ; Jeffery Kluger ; Richard Lacayo ; Mary Beth Protomastro, eds. Earthquake Haiti : Tragedy and Hope. New York : TIME Inc. Home Entertainment : Richard Fraiman. p. 80. ISBN 1 - 60320 - 163 - 7. Titus, Nicole ( 2012 ). From disaster to hope = De dezas a espwa : interviews with persons affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake = yon koze ak moun tranblemandetè ann Ayiti a afekte. United States : Xlibris. ISBN 9781479709472. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 Haiti earthquake. 2010 Haiti Earthquake News and Media at DMOZ FAO and the Haiti earthquake The ICRC in Haiti, Features, photos, videos Illustration - Major earthquakes in the Caribbean since the 1600s and Haiti earthquake NY Times Haiti Learning and Accountability Portal Overview of ongoing and planned evaluation and accountability efforts by aid agencies operating in Haiti Haiti Reconstruction : USAID Infrastructure Projects Have Had Mixed Results and Face Sustainability Challenges : Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 9 October 2013 Government Accountability Office Aid - workers, academics and journalists discuss the social context of the earthquake and international response The Frontline Club, February 2010 PreventionWeb 2010 Haiti Earthquake 2010 Haiti earthquake Humanitarian response Relief efforts Casualties Damaged infrastructure Cholera outbreak Affected areas Enriquillo - Plantain Garden fault zone Haiti Ouest : Port - au - Prince Arrondissement ( Port - au - Prince, Bel Air, Carrefour, Cité Soleil, Gressier, Pétion - Ville ) Léogâne Arrondissement ( Léogâne, Grand - Goâve, Petit - Goâve ) Sud - Est : Jacmel Arrondissement ( Jacmel ) Humanitarian response National governments NGOs For - profit organizations MINUSTAH Aid operations Unified Response ( USA ) Hestia ( Canada ) Séisme Haiti ( France ) White Crane ( Italy ) Danbi ( Republic of Korea ) Hispaniola ( Spain ) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908 ( MINUSTAH ) Benefits and fundraising Canada for Haiti Ensemble pour Haïti Hope for Haiti Now ( album ) Hit for Haiti Clinton Bush Haiti Fund Digicel Haiti Earthquake Relief Fund `` Everybody Hurts '' `` We Are the World 25 for Haiti '' `` Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti '' Young Artists for Haiti ( `` Wavin ' Flag '' ) `` I Put a Spell on You '' `` We Are the World 25 for Haiti ( YouTube edition ) '' Download to Donate for Haiti See also : List of earthquakes in Haiti and List of 21st - century earthquakes ← Earthquakes in 2010 → January Solomon Islands ( 7.1, Jan 3 ) Eureka, California ( US ) ( 6.5, Jan 10 ) Haiti ( 7.0, Jan 12 ) † ‡ February Chile ( 8.8, Feb 27 ) † Salta ( Argentina ) ( 6.3, Feb 27 ) March Kaohsiung ( Taiwan ) ( 6.4, 6.7, Mar 4 ) Elazığ ( Turkey ) ( 6.1, Mar 8 ) † 1st Pichilemu ( Chile ) ( 6.9, Mar 11 ) 1st Biobío ( Chile ) ( 6.7, Mar 15 ) April 2nd Biobío ( Chile ) ( 5.9, Apr 2 ) Baja California ( Mexico ) ( 7.2, Apr 4 ) 1st Sumatra ( Indonesia ) ( 7.8, Apr 6 ) Yushu, Qinghai ( China ) ( 6.9, Apr 14 ) † Afghanistan ( 5.4, Apr 18 ) Kalgoorlie, Western Australia ( Australia ) ( 5.2, Apr 20 ) 3rd Biobío ( Chile ) ( 6.2, Apr 23 ) May 2nd Pichilemu ( Chile ) ( 6.0, May 2 ) 4th Biobío ( Chile ) ( 6.4, May 3 ) 2nd Sumatra ( Indonesia ) ( 7.2, May 9 ) Algeria ( 5.3, May 14 ) June Papua ( Indonesia ) ( 7.0, Jun 16 ) Quebec ( Canada ) ( 5.0, Jun 23 ) Oaxaca ( Mexico ) ( 6.2, Jun 30 ) July 5th Biobío ( Chile ) ( 6.5, Jul 14 ) New Britain ( Papua New Guinea ) ( 7.3, Jul 18 ) Mindanao ( Philippines ) ( 7.3, 7.6, 7.4, Jul 24 - 25 ) Iran ( 5.6, July 30 ) August Damghan ( 5.7, Aug 27 ) September Canterbury ( New Zealand ) ( 7.1, Sep 4 ) October Mentawai ( Indonesia ) ( 7.7, Oct 25 ) † November Serbia ( 5.3, Nov 3 ) December Hosseinabad ( Iran ) ( 6.5, Dec 20 ) Bonin Islands ( Japan ) ( 7.4, Dec 21 ) † indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year Earthquakes in the Caribbean Historical 1692 Jamaica ( 7.5 ) 1751 Port - au - Prince ( 8.0 ) 1770 Port - au - Prince ( 7.5 ) 1787 Boricua ( 8.0 ) 1842 Cap - Haïtien ( 8.1 ) 20th century 1907 Kingston ( 6.5 ) 1918 San Fermín ( 7.1 ) 1946 Dominican Republic ( 8.1 ) 1984 San Pedro Basin ( 6.7 ) 21st century 2003 Dominican Republic ( 6.4 ) 2004 Les Saintes ( 6.3 ) 2007 Martinique ( 7.4 ) 2010 Haiti ( 7.0 ) Haiti articles History Chiefdoms Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Colonial governors ( Santo Domingo ) Atlantic slave trade Maroons Treaty of Ryswick Saint - Domingue Colonial governors ( Saint - Domingue ) Slavery Revolution 1804 Massacre Unification of Hispaniola U.S. occupation 1915 -- 86 Duvalier dynasty 2004 coup d'état 2010 earthquake Hurricane Matthew Timeline Geography Administrative divisions Arrondissements Cities Deforestation Departments Earthquakes Environment Hispaniola Islands National parks Rivers Politics Constitution Elections Foreign relations Government Human rights Law enforcement Military Parliament Political parties President Prime Minister Supreme Court Economy Agriculture Central bank External debt Foreign aid Gourde ( currency ) Poverty Telecommunications Tourism Transport Society Crime Demographics Education Ethnic groups Health Religion Social class Water and sanitation Culture Art Cinema Cuisine Haitian Creole Haitian French Literature Media Music Mythology Public holidays Television Outline Index Book Category Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Haiti_earthquake&oldid=797604134 '' Categories : 2010 earthquakes 2010 Haiti earthquake 2010 in Haiti 2010 tsunamis Earthquakes in Haiti January 2010 events in North America Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2016 Articles containing French - language text Webarchive template wayback links Webarchive template webcite links Articles with dead external links from May 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 Articles with dead external links from June 2017 Articles with dead external links from February 2011 Articles with dead external links from September 2010 CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) CS1 uses Hebrew - language script ( he ) CS1 Hebrew - language sources ( he ) Articles with dead external links from August 2013 Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Good articles Use dmy dates from April 2014 Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Haitian Creole - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015 Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2010 All articles containing potentially dated statements Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2013 Articles with DMOZ links Talk Article Talk View source More Contents About Wikipedia In other projects Wikimedia Commons العربية Bân - lâm - gú Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gàidhlig 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Ladino Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This version of the page has been revised. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License. About Wikipedia

Question: the destructive earthquake in haiti in 2010 was the result of
Answer: a rupture of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault