Strategic Arms Limitation talks - wikipedia Strategic Arms Limitation talks `` SALT '' redirects here. For other uses, see SALT ( disambiguation ). For the Wikipedia creation protection method, see WP : SALT This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2017 ) Part of a series on the History of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War World War II ( Hiroshima and Nagasaki ) War conferences Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Iron Curtain Cold War ( 1947 -- 1953 ) Cold War ( 1953 -- 1962 ) Cold War ( 1962 -- 1979 ) Cold War ( 1979 -- 1985 ) Cold War ( 1985 -- 1991 ) Frozen conflicts Timeline Conflicts Historiography Cold War II The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT ) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of arms control. The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. Negotiations commenced in Helsinki, Finland, in November 1969. SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and an interim agreement between the two countries. Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States Senate chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan, which took place later that year. The Soviet legislature also did not ratify it. The agreement expired on December 31, 1985 and was not renewed. The talks led to the STARTs, or Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties, which consisted of START I ( a 1991 completed agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union ) and START II ( a 1993 agreement between the United States and Russia, which was never ratified by the United States ), both of which proposed limits on multiple - warhead capacities and other restrictions on each side 's number of nuclear weapons. A successor to START I, New START, was proposed and was eventually ratified in February 2011. Contents 1 SALT I Treaty 2 SALT II 3 See also 4 Notes 5 Bibliography 6 External links SALT I treaty SALT I is the common name for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Agreement signed on May 26, 1972. SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels and provided for the addition of new submarine - launched ballistic missile ( SLBM ) launchers only after the same number of older intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) and SLBM launchers had been dismantled. SALT I also limited land - based ICBMs that were in range from the northeastern border of the continental United States to the northwestern border of the continental USSR. In addition to that, SALT I limited the number of SLBM capable submarines that NATO and the United States could operate to 50 with a maximum of 800 SLBM launchers between them. If the United States or NATO were to increase that number, the USSR could respond with increasing their arsenal by the same amount. The strategic nuclear forces of the Soviet Union and the United States were changing in character in 1968. The total number of missiles held by the United States had been static since 1967 at 1,054 ICBMs and 656 SLBMs but there was an increasing number of missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle ( MIRV ) warheads being deployed. MIRVs carried multiple nuclear warheads, often with dummies, to confuse ABM systems, making MIRV defense by ABM systems increasingly difficult and expensive. Both sides were also permitted to increase their number of SLBM forces, but only after disassembling an equivalent number of older ICBMs or SLBM launchers on older submarines. One clause of the treaty required both countries to limit the number of deployment sites protected by an anti-ballistic missile ( ABM ) system to one each. The idea of this system was that it would prevent a competition in ABM deployment between the US and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had deployed such a system around Moscow in 1966 and the United States announced an ABM program to protect twelve ICBM sites in 1967. After 1968, the Soviet Union tested a system for the SS - 9 missile, otherwise known as the R - 36 missile. A modified two - tier Moscow ABM system is still used. The United States built only one ABM site to protect a Minuteman base in North Dakota where the `` Safeguard '' Program was deployed. This base was increasingly more vulnerable to attacks by the Soviet ICBMs, because of the advancement in Soviet missile technology. Negotiations lasted from November 17, 1969, until May 1972 in a series of meetings beginning in Helsinki, with the US delegation headed by Gerard C. Smith, director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Subsequent sessions alternated between Vienna and Helsinki. After a long deadlock, the first results of SALT I came in May 1971, when an agreement was reached over ABM systems. Further discussion brought the negotiations to an end on May 26, 1972, in Moscow when Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev signed both the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Interim Agreement Between The United States of America and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures With Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. A number of agreed statements were also made. This helped improve relations between the United States and the USSR. SALT II Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signing the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. SALT II was a series of talks between United States and Soviet negotiators from 1972 to 1979 which sought to curtail the manufacture of strategic nuclear weapons. It was a continuation of the SALT I talks and was led by representatives from both countries. SALT II was the first nuclear arms treaty which assumed real reductions in strategic forces to 2,250 of all categories of delivery vehicles on both sides. The SALT II Treaty banned new missile programs ( a new missile defined as one with any key parameter 5 % better than in currently deployed missiles ), so both sides were forced to limit their new strategic missile types development and construction, such as the development of additional fixed ICBM launchers. Likewise, this agreement would limit the number of MIRVed ballistic missiles and long range missiles to 1,320. However, the United States preserved their most essential programs like the Trident missile, along with the cruise missiles President Jimmy Carter wished to use as his main defensive weapon as they were too slow to have first strike capability. In return, the USSR could exclusively retain 308 of its so - called `` heavy ICBM '' launchers of the SS - 18 type. A major breakthrough for this agreement occurred at the Vladivostok Summit meeting in November 1974, when President Gerald Ford and General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev came to an agreement on the basic framework for the SALT II agreement. The elements of this agreement were stated to be in effect through 1985. An agreement to limit strategic launchers was reached in Vienna on June 18, 1979, and was signed by Leonid Brezhnev and Carter at a ceremony held in the Redoutensaal of the imperial Hofburg Palace. Six months after the signing, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, and in September of the same year, the United States discovered that a Soviet combat brigade was stationed in Cuba. Although President Carter claimed this Soviet brigade had only recently been deployed to Cuba, the unit had been stationed on the island since the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. In light of these developments, the treaty was never ratified by the United States Senate. Its terms were, nonetheless, honored by the U.S. until 1986. SALT II was superseded by START I in 1991. See also Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Intermediate - Range Nuclear Forces Treaty Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty START New START Threshold Test Ban Treaty Notes Jump up ^ Paterson, Thomas G ( 2009 ). American foreign relations : a history. Vol. 2 Vol. 2 ( 7 ed. ). Wadsworth. p. 376. ISBN 9780547225692. ^ Jump up to : SALT I, 1969 - 1972, US State Department 's Foreign Relations Series ( FRUS ) Jump up ^ `` Interim Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms ( SALT I ) '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on May 2, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2015. Jump up ^ Smart, Ian ( 1970 ). `` The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ''. The World Today. 26 ( 7 ) : 296 -- 305. JSTOR 40394395. Jump up ^ http://www.atomicarchive.com/Treaties/Treaty8.shtml Jump up ^ Formigoni, Guido ( 2006 ). Storia della politica internazionale nell'età contemporanea ( in Italian ). Il Mulino. p. 463. ISBN 9788815113900. Jump up ^ Schram, Martin ( 19 June 1979 ). `` Carter and Brezhnev Sign SALT II ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Jump up ^ Peters, Gerhard ; Woolley, John T. `` Jimmy Carter : `` Peace and National Security Address to the Nation on Soviet Combat Troops in Cuba and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty., '' October 1, 1979 ``. The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara. Jump up ^ Gaddis, John Lewis ( 2007 ). The Cold War : a new history. Penguin Books. p. 203. ISBN 1594200629. Jump up ^ `` U.S. to Break SALT II Limits Friday ''. The Washington Post. 27 November 1986. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT II ) Treaties & Regimes NTI ''. www.nti.org. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Bibliography Burr, William ( ed. ), The Secret History of The ABM Treaty, 1969 - 1972, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 60, The National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 8 November 2001, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB60/index.html Calvo - Goller Karin and Calvo Michel, The SALT AGREEMENTS : Content, Application, Verification, Brill, 1987, 428 p, ( 1 ) at Google Books Clearwater, John Murray, Johnson, McNamara, and the Birth of SALT and the ABM Treaty, 1963 - 1969 ( Dissertation.Com, 1999 ) ISBN 978 - 1581120622 Garthoff, Raymond L., `` Negotiating SALT, '' Wilson Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 5, Autumn 1977, pp. 76 -- 85, JSTOR 40255284 Garthoff, Raymond L., Détente and Confrontation : American - Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan, 2nd ed. ( Washington, D.C. : The Brookings Institution, 1994 ), esp. pgs. 146 - 223 Haslam, Jonathan and Theresa Osborne, SALT I : The Limitations of Arms Negotiations. U.S. - Soviet Talks Leading to the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, 1969 - 1972, Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 1987 Mahan, Erin R. and Edward C. Keefer ( eds. ), Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969 -- 1976, Volume XXXII, SALT I, 1969 -- 1972 ( Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 2010 ), Newhouse, John, Cold Dawn : The Story of SALT ( Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973 ) Payne, Samuel B. The Soviet Union and SALT ( Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press, 1980 ) Savel'yev, Alexander ' G. and Nikolay N. Detinov, The Big Five : Arms Control Decision - Making in the Soviet Union ( Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 1995 ) Smart, Ian. `` The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. '' The World Today, vol. 26, no. 7, 1970, pp. 296 -- 305. JSTOR 40394395 Smith, Gerard C., Doubletalk : The Story of SALT I by the Chief American Negotiator ( New York : Doubleday, 1980 ) Smith, Gerard C., Disarming Diplomat : The Memoirs of Ambassador Gerard C. Smith, Arms Control Negotiator ( Toronto, Ontario : Madison Books, 1996 ) Talbott, Strobe, Endgame : The Inside Story of Salt II ( New York : Harpercollins, 1979 ) External links Text of SALT I Text of SALT II Text of SALT II ( cont. ) Text of the treaty from the U.S. Department of State NuclearFiles.org Text of SALT II 1979 Arms Control Today : U.S. - Soviet / Russian Nuclear Arms Control, June 2002. Soviet Violations from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives Annotated bibliography on the SALT treaties from the Alsos Digital Library Cold War USA USSR ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact Cold War II 1940s Morgenthau Plan Hukbalahap Rebellion Dekemvriana Percentages agreement Yalta Conference Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Forest Brothers Operation Priboi Operation Jungle Occupation of the Baltic states Cursed soldiers Operation Unthinkable Operation Downfall Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Division of Korea Operation Masterdom Operation Beleaguer Operation Blacklist Forty Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Baruch Plan Corfu Channel incident Turkish Straits crisis Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference May 1947 Crises Marshall Plan Comecon 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito -- Stalin Split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War ( Second round ) Malayan Emergency Albanian Subversion 1950s Papua conflict Bamboo Curtain Korean War McCarthyism Egyptian Revolution of 1952 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany Dirty War ( Mexico ) Bricker Amendment 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam Vietnam War First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit ( 1955 ) Bandung Conference Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis `` We will bury you '' Operation Gladio Arab Cold War Syrian Crisis of 1957 1958 Lebanon crisis Iraqi 14 July Revolution Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1959 Tibetan uprising Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Sino - Soviet split 1960s Congo Crisis 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion 1960 Turkish coup d'état Soviet -- Albanian split Berlin Crisis of 1961 Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War Angolan War of Independence Guinea - Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence Cuban Missile Crisis Sino - Indian War Communist insurgency in Sarawak Iraqi Ramadan Revolution Eritrean War of Independence Sand War North Yemen Civil War Aden Emergency 1963 Syrian coup d'état Vietnam War Shifta War Guatemalan Civil War Colombian conflict Nicaraguan Revolution 1964 Brazilian coup d'état Dominican Civil War South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967 -- 74 Years of Lead ( Italy ) USS Pueblo incident Six - Day War War of Attrition Dhofar Rebellion Al - Wadiah War Protests of 1968 French May Tlatelolco massacre Cultural Revolution Prague Spring 1968 Polish political crisis Communist insurgency in Malaysia Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino - Soviet border conflict CPP -- NPA -- NDF rebellion Corrective Move 1970s Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan Corrective Movement ( Syria ) Cambodian Civil War Koza riot Realpolitik Ping - pong diplomacy Uganda -- Tanzania War 1971 Turkish military memorandum Corrective Revolution ( Egypt ) Four Power Agreement on Berlin Bangladesh Liberation War 1972 Nixon visit to China North Yemen - South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 Yemenite War of 1972 NDF Rebellion Eritrean Civil Wars 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War 1973 oil crisis Carnation Revolution Spanish transition Metapolitefsi Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Oromo conflict Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino - Albanian split Cambodian -- Vietnamese War Sino - Vietnamese War Operation Condor Dirty War ( Argentina ) 1976 Argentine coup d'état Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Yemenite War of 1979 Grand Mosque seizure Iranian Revolution Saur Revolution New Jewel Movement 1979 Herat uprising Seven Days to the River Rhine Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 1980s Soviet -- Afghan War 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 1980 Turkish coup d'état Peruvian conflict Casamance conflict Ugandan Bush War Lord 's Resistance Army insurgency Eritrean Civil Wars 1982 Ethiopian -- Somali Border War Ndogboyosoi War United States invasion of Grenada Able Archer 83 Star Wars Iran -- Iraq War Somali Rebellion 1986 Black Sea incident 1988 Black Sea bumping incident South Yemen Civil War Bougainville Civil War 8888 Uprising Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 People Power Revolution Glasnost Perestroika Nagorno - Karabakh War Afghan Civil War United States invasion of Panama 1988 Polish strikes Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Revolutions of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall Velvet Revolution Romanian Revolution Peaceful Revolution Die Wende 1990s Mongolian Revolution of 1990 German reunification Yemeni unification Fall of communism in Albania Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Frozen conflicts Abkhazia China - Taiwan Korea Nagorno - Karabakh South Ossetia Transnistria Sino - Indian border dispute North Borneo dispute Foreign policy Truman Doctrine Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Hallstein Doctrine Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War Ideologies Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply - side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism -- Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Trotskyism Naxalism Stalinism Titoism Other Fascism Islamism Liberal democracy Social democracy Third - Worldism White supremacy Apartheid Organizations ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB MI6 Non-Aligned Movement SAARC Safari Club Stasi Propaganda Active measures Crusade for Freedom Izvestia Pravda Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia Races Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race See also Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Soviet espionage in the United States Soviet Union -- United States relations USSR -- USA summits Russian espionage in the United States American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation Russia -- NATO relations Brinkmanship CIA and the Cultural Cold War Cold War II Commons Portal Timeline List of conflicts hide Nuclear weapons limitation treaties Treaties 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1969 Treaty of Tlatelolco 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1974 Threshold Test Ban Treaty 1970s Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1987 Intermediate - Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 1991 START I 1993 START II 1994 United States -- Russia mutual detargeting 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear - Test - Ban Treaty ( not in force ) 1997 START III 2002 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty 2010 New START 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons Related Nuclear disarmament Book : Arms control treaties Category : Arms control treaties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks&oldid=846512732 '' Categories : Arms control treaties Cold War history of the United States Cold War treaties Deterrence theory during the Cold War Nuclear weapons of the United States Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union History of the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia Soviet Union -- United States relations Soviet Union -- United States treaties History of the United States ( 1964 -- 80 ) Nuclear weapons governance Soviet Union -- United States diplomatic conferences Diplomatic conferences in Finland Diplomatic conferences in Austria 1970 in international relations 1977 in politics 1979 in the Soviet Union Hidden categories : CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) Articles needing additional references from October 2017 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Italiano עברית ქართული Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 22 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 June 2018, at 06 : 43 ( UTC ). 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Question: when did the strategic arms limitation talks begin
Answer: November 1969