Eine kleine Nachtmusik - Wikipedia Eine kleine Nachtmusik Eine kleine Nachtmusik ( Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major ), K. 525, is a 1787 composition for a chamber ensemble by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The German title means `` a little serenade '', though it is often rendered more literally but less accurately as `` a little night music. '' The work is written for an ensemble of two violins, viola, and cello with optional double bass but is often performed by string orchestras. Contents 1 Composition, publication, and reception 2 Movements 2.1 I. Allegro 2.2 II. Romanze 2.3 III. Menuetto 2.4 IV. Rondo 3 Possible extra movement 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Composition, publication, and reception The serenade was completed in Vienna on 10 August 1787, around the time Mozart was working on the second act of his opera Don Giovanni. It is not known why it was composed. Hildesheimer, noting that most of Mozart 's serenades were written on commission, suggests that this serenade, too, was a commission, whose origin and first performance were not recorded. The traditionally used name of the work comes from the entry Mozart made for it in his personal catalog, which begins, `` Eine kleine Nacht - Musik. '' As Zaslaw and Cowdery point out, Mozart almost certainly was not giving the piece a special title, but only entering in his records that he had completed a little serenade. The work was not published until about 1827, long after Mozart 's death, by Johann André in Offenbach am Main. It had been sold to this publisher in 1799 by Mozart 's widow Constanze, part of a large bundle of her husband 's compositions. Today, the serenade is widely performed and recorded ; indeed, both Jacobson and Hildesheimer opine that the serenade is the most popular of all Mozart 's works. Of the music, Hildesheimer writes, `` even if we hear it on every street corner, its high quality is undisputed, an occasional piece from a light but happy pen. '' Movements The work has four movements : Allegro Romanze : Andante Menuetto : Allegretto Rondo : Allegro I. Allegro The first theme 1. Allegro Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Problems playing this file ? See media help. This first movement is in sonata - allegro form. It opens with an ascending Mannheim rocket theme. The second theme is more graceful and in D major, the dominant key of G major. The exposition closes in D major and is repeated. The development section begins on D major and touches on D minor and C major before the work returns to G major for the recapitulation. There is a brief coda. Ii. Romanze The second movement, with the tempo marked Andante, is a Romanze in the subdominant key of C major. A feeling of intimacy and tenderness prevails throughout this movement. It is in rondo form, taking the shape A -- B -- A -- C -- A plus a final coda. The keys of the sections are C major for A and B, C minor for C. The middle appearance of A is truncated, consisting of only the first half of the theme. Heartz describes the movement as evoking gavotte rhythm : each of its sections begins in the middle of the measure, with a double upbeat. Iii. Menuetto The third movement, marked Allegretto, is a minuet and trio, both in time. The minuet is in the home key of G major, the contrasting trio in the dominant key of D major. As is normal in this form, the minuet is played again da capo following the trio. Iv. Rondo 4. Rondo Electronic version, arranged by Steamboat Electric / Hans - Peter Scholz Problems playing this file ? See media help. The fourth and last movement is in lively tempo, marked Allegro ; the key is again G major. The movement is written in sonata form. Mozart specifies repeats not just for the exposition section but also for the following development and recapitulation section. The work ends with a long coda. Possible extra movement In the catalog entry mentioned above, Mozart listed the work as having five movements ( `` Allegro -- Minuet and Trio -- Romance -- Minuet and Trio -- Finale. '' ). The second movement in his listing, a minuet and trio, was long thought lost and no one knows if it was Mozart or someone else who removed it. Musicologist Alfred Einstein suggested, however, that a minuet in Piano Sonata in B ♭ major, K. 498a, is the missing movement. The sonata 's minuet has been recorded in an arrangement for strings made by Jonathan Del Mar for Nimbus Records. See also Parodies by Peter Schickele : Eine kleine Nichtmusik A Little Nightmare Music References Jump up ^ German pronunciation : ( ˈʔaɪnə ˈklaɪnə ˈnaxtmuˌziːk ) Jump up ^ See `` Nachtmusik '' and `` Notturno '' entries in Grove Music Online. ^ Jump up to : Holoman ( 1992, 397 ) Jump up ^ Einstein, Alfred ; Arthur Mendel, Nathan Broder ( translators ) ( 1962 ). Mozart, His Character, His Work. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 500732 - 9. Jump up ^ Holoman, D. Kern ( 1992 ). Evenings with the orchestra : a Norton companion for concertgoers. New York : W.W. Norton & Company. p. 398. ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 02936 - 9. ^ Jump up to : Hildesheimer ( 1991, 215 ) Jump up ^ The full entry reads ( in German ) `` Eine kleine Nachtmusik, bestehend in einem Allegro. Menuett und Trio. -- Romance. Menuett und Trio, und Finale. -- 2 violini, viola e bassi. '' ; `` A little serenade, consisting of an allegro, a minuet and trio, a romance, ( another ) minuet and trio, and a finale. For two violins, viola, and bass instruments. '' Mozart 's `` incipit '' ( quotation for identification purposes ) consists of the first two bars of the first movement. The catalog is posted at the web site of the British Library. Quotation of text is from German Wikipedia, `` Eine kleine Nachtmusik. '' ^ Jump up to : Zaslaw and Cowdery ( 1991, 250 ) Jump up ^ Jacobson ( 2003, 38 ), Hildesheimer ( 1991, 215 ) Jump up ^ Heartz ( 2009 : 185 ) Jump up ^ Einstein, Alfred ; Arthur Mendel, Nathan Broder ( translators ) ( 1965 ). Mozart : His Character, His Work. New York : Oxford University Press. p. 207. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 500732 - 9. OCLC 31827291. Jump up ^ `` Nimbus Records, track list ''. Archived from the original on 2009 - 04 - 26. Sources Heartz, Daniel ( 2009 ) Mozart, Haydn and Early Beethoven, 1781 -- 1802. New York : W.W. Norton & Company. Hildesheimer, Wolfgang ( 1991 ) Mozart. Translated by Marion Faber. Macmillan. ISBN 0 - 374 - 52298 - 7. Holoman, D. Kern ( 1992 ) Evenings with the orchestra : a Norton companion for concertgoers. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0 - 393 - 02936 - 0. Jacobson, Julius H. ( 2003 ) The Classical Music Experience : Discover the Music of the World 's Greatest Composers, vol. 2, narrated by Kevin Kline, Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 1 - 57071 - 950 - 0. Zaslaw, Neal and Cowdery, W. ( 1991 ) The Compleat Mozart : A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Norton. ( 1991 ), ISBN 0 - 393 - 02886 - 0. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eine kleine Nachtmusik. Serenade in G. Eine kleine Nachtmusik KV 525 : Score and critical report ( in German ) in the Neue Mozart - Ausgabe Eine kleine Nachtmusik : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP ) Performance of Eine kleine Nachtmusik by A Far Cry from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Biography Biographies Birthplace Grand tour Name Nationality Scatology Smallpox Italy Berlin Prague Death Music Köchel catalogue List of compositions Concert arias, songs, canons Dances Horn concertos Masses Operas Piano concertos Works for solo piano Sonatas Symphonies Compositional method Family Leopold Mozart Anna Maria Mozart Maria Anna Mozart ( Nannerl ) Constanze Mozart Maria Anna Thekla Mozart ( Bäsle ) Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart Karl Thomas Mozart Johann Georg Mozart Joseph Lange Cäcilia Weber Josepha Weber Aloysia Weber Sophie Weber Georg Nissen Family trees Influences Beethoven Catholic Church Freemasonry Haydn Salieri Related Mozart in popular culture Book Serenades by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart No. 4 in D, K. 203 ( Colloredo ) No. 5 in D, K. 204 No. 6 in D, K. 239 ( Serenata Notturna ) No. 7 in D, K. 250 ( Haffner ) No. 9 in D, K. 320 ( Posthorn ) No. 10 in B ♭, K. 361 ( Gran Partita ) No. 11 in E ♭, K. 375 No. 12 in C minor, K. 388 No. 13 in G, K. 525 ( Eine kleine Nachtmusik ) List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Classical music portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eine_kleine_Nachtmusik&oldid=822871376 '' Categories : Serenades and divertimenti by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Chamber music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1787 compositions Compositions in G major Classical musical works published posthumously Hidden categories : Articles containing German - language text Articles with hAudio microformats Articles with German - language external links Works with IMSLP links Articles with International Music Score Library Project links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Română Русский Scots Simple English Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 29 January 2018, at 00 : 11. 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Question: who is the composer of eine kleine nachtmusik
Answer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart