Luge - wikipedia Luge For the wheeled vehicle, see Street luge. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2010 ) Luge Departing German luger at the 2010 Olympics Highest governing body Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course First played 1870s Characteristics Contact No Team members Teams of 1 or 2 Mixed gender Yes, but usually in separate competitions Type Winter sport, Time trial Equipment Sled, helmet, suit, visor, gloves, finger spikes, booties Venue Luge tracks Presence Olympic Part of Winter Olympic program in 1964 to 2026 A luge / luːʒ / is a small one - or two - person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet - first. A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat. Racing sleds weigh 21 -- 25 kg ( 46 -- 55 lb ) for singles and 25 -- 30 kg ( 55 -- 66 lb ) for doubles. Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport. Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km / h ( 87 mph ). Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km / h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler, Canada, prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world -- to one one - thousandth of a second on artificial tracks. The first recorded use of the term `` luge '' dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy / Swiss dialect of the French word luge, meaning `` small coasting sled. '' Contents 1 History 2 Artificial tracks 3 Natural track luge 4 Events 5 Training 6 Risks 7 Governing body 8 Olympic medal table 8.1 Men 's singles 8.2 Doubles 8.3 Women 's singles 8.4 Team relay 8.5 Total Olympic ranking ( 2014 ) 9 Fatal accidents 10 See also 11 References 12 External links History Luge sled, with steel runners removed. A young luger on the start ramp at the Utah Olympic track. The very practical use of sleds is ancient and widespread. The first recorded sled races took place in Norway sometime during the 15th century. The sport of luge, like the skeleton and the bobsleigh, originated in the health - spa town of St Moritz, Switzerland, in the mid-to - late 19th century, through the endeavours of hotel entrepreneur Caspar Badrutt. Badrutt successfully sold the idea of winter resorting, as well as rooms with food, drink, and activities. His more adventurous English guests began adapting delivery boys ' sleds for recreation, which led to collisions with pedestrians as they sped down the lanes and alleys of the village. The first organized meeting of the sport took place in 1883 in Switzerland. In 1913, the Internationale Schlittensportverband or International Sled Sports Federation was founded in Dresden, Germany. This body governed the sport until 1935, when it was incorporated in the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing ( FIBT, International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation ). After it had been decided that luge would replace the sport of skeleton at the Olympic Games, the first World Championships in the sport were held in 1955 in Oslo ( Norway ). In 1957, the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course ( FIL, International Luge Federation ) was founded. Luge events were first included in the Olympic Winter Games in 1964. Americans were slow to adopt the sport of luge. The first luge run in North America was built at Lolo Hot Springs, Montana, in 1965. Although the United States competed in every Olympic luge event from 1964 through 1976, it was not until 1979 that the United States Luge Association was founded. The first artificial American track was completed in that year for use in the 1980 XIII Winter Olympic Games at Lake Placid, New York. Since that time the United States luge program has greatly improved. A second artificial track was constructed near Park City, Utah, for the 2002 XIX Olympic Winter Games at Salt Lake City. Artificial tracks German luger Thomas Köhler in 1964 Matt Mortensen ( top ) and Preston Griffall ( bottom ) are clocked at 80 miles per hour on a run at Sanki Sliding Centre in Krasnaya Polyana, Russia. Curves 11 and 12 on the Utah Olympic track near Park City, Utah. Further information : List of bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks Artificial luge tracks have specially designed and constructed banked curves plus walled - in straights. Most tracks are artificially refrigerated, but artificial tracks without artificial cooling also exist ( for example, in St. Moritz ). Tracks tend to be very smooth. The athletes ride in a flat, aerodynamic position on the sled, keeping their heads low to minimize air resistance. They steer the sled mainly with their calves by applying pressure on the runners -- right calf to turn left, left calf to turn right. It takes a precise mix of shifting body weight, applying pressure with calves and rolling the shoulders. There are also handles for minor adjustments. A successful luger maintains complete concentration and relaxation on the sled while traveling at high speeds. Most lugers `` visualize '' the course in their minds before sliding. Fastest times result from following the perfect `` line '' down the track. Any slight error, such as brush against the wall, costs time. Track conditions are also important. Softer ice tends to slow speeds, while harder ice tends to lead to faster times. Lugers race at speeds averaging 120 -- 145 km / h ( 75 -- 90 mph ) around high banked curves while experiencing a centripetal acceleration of up to 5g. Men 's Singles have their start locations near where the bobsled and skeleton competitors start at most tracks, while both the Doubles and Women 's Singles competition have their starthouse located farther down the track. Artificial track luge is the fastest and most agile sledding sport. Natural track luge Further information : List of natural luge tracks Natural tracks are adapted from existing mountain roads and paths. Artificially banked curves are not permitted. The track 's surface should be horizontal. They are naturally iced. Tracks can get rough from the braking and steering action. Athletes use a steering rein and drag their hands and use their legs in order to drive around the tight flat corners. Braking is often required in front of curves and is accomplished by the use of spikes built on the bottom of the shoes. Most of the tracks are situated in Austria and Italy, with others in Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Canada, Switzerland, Croatia, Liechtenstein, Turkey, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Bulgaria, Romania, New Zealand and the United States. The Upper Peninsula Luge Club in Negaunee, Michigan, is home to one of only five lighted natural track luge runs in the world, and the only natural track in the United States. The over 800 meter ( half - mile ) track features 29 curves along its 88 - meter ( 289 ft ) vertical drop. The club hosts international luge events and offers luge instruction to the public during the winter months. World championships have been held since 1979 while European championships have been held since 1970. Events There are four luge disciplines. Men 's singles Doubles ( open to both genders ) Women 's singles Team relay ( Olympic discipline starting in 2014 ) These are further broken into several age classes - multiple youth and junior classes that cover the range of age 7 -- 20, and general class ( ages 21 and older ). Older competitors may enjoy the sport in masters ( age 30 -- 50 ), and senior masters ( age 51 + ) classes. In a team relay competition, one man, one woman and a doubles pair form a team. A touchpad at the bottom of the run is touched by a competitor signaling a teammate at the top of the run to start. Rules and procedures for races are very precise : A drawing is held to determine start order for the race. Athletes are assigned a number which is displayed on a bib. During major national and international events, men 's singles consists of four runs. Women 's singles and doubles competitions consist of two runs. The cumulative time of all runs is used to determine finish order. In all three events, the start order after the first run is determined by the outcome of the previous run, with the last - place slider sliding first, the next - to - last place slider sliding second, and so forth, with the leader of the previous run sliding last. Physical measurements of the sled are taken, and the temperature of the sled 's steel blades is checked and may not be more than 5 ° C above that of a previously established control temperature. Additionally, for artificial track races, the athlete must first be weighed. This is to determine whether the athlete is entitled to carry extra weight on their body while sliding. Men may use additional weight amounting to 75 % of the difference between body weight and a base weight of 90 kg. Women may use additional weight amounting to 50 % of the difference between body weight and a base weight of 70 kg. Doubles athletes may use additional weight amounting to 50 % of the difference between body weight and a base weight of 90 kg. Additional weight is not allowed if the body weight of the front person and back person together exceeds 180 kg. If one of the partners weighs more than 90 kg, the weight exceeding the 90 kg mark is added to the lighter partner. If there should still be a difference between the partner 's weight and the 90 kg mark, the difference can be compensated according to an official weight table. Between runs, athletes are randomly selected for additional weight checks. Before each run, the sled ( with the athlete, for artificial track races ) is weighed at the start ramp. Once an athlete is on their sled, they are audibly notified that the track is clear. At this point, a tone sounds and the athlete has thirty seconds to begin their run. A run becomes official when an athlete and their sled, in contact with one another, crosses the finish line. If an athlete and sled are not within contact of one another, the athlete is disqualified from further competition. Disqualifications may also take place for any violation of rules and regulations. Certain disqualifications may be appealed. Training The sport of luge requires an athlete to balance mental and physical fitness. Physically, a luger must have strong neck, upper body, abdominal, and thigh muscles. Athletes also use Wind Tunnels to train Strength training is essential to withstand the extreme G - forces of tight turns at high speeds. Since lugers have very little protection other than a visor and helmet, they must be able to endure the physical pounding administered by the track when mistakes are made. Risks As with many extreme sports, luging has risks. Though most injuries involve bumps, bruises, broken bones and concussions, fatalities do occasionally occur. Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili suffered a fatal crash during his final practice run for the 2010 Winter Olympics on the Whistler Sliding Centre in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. Hours later, the International Luge Federation concluded that the accident was caused by a steering error and not a track error ; nevertheless, changes to the track were made before the re-opening. Kumaritashvili was the fourth athlete to die while in preparation for a Winter Olympics competition, following speed skier Nicolas Bochatay, 27, who died while preparing for the Albertville 1992 games, British luger Kazimierz Kay - Skrzypecki and skier Ross Milne, 19, who both died in the run - up to the Innsbruck 1964 games. Governing body The sport of luge is governed by the FIL, Fédération International de Luge de Course. The FIL is located in Berchtesgaden, Germany, and includes 53 member nations. It is traditionally dominated by German representatives, however. The following persons have been president of the FIL : Bert Isatitsch, Austria ( 1957 -- 1994 ) Josef Fendt, Germany ( 1994 -- current ) Olympic medal table Georg Hackl of Germany is the most successful Olympic luger, having won five medals, of which three are gold medals attained in three consecutive Olympics. Armin Zöggeler is an Italian luger, and is the first - and so far the only - athlete to have won one medal in six consecutive Olympics. German lugers Felix Loch ( center ) and David Möller ( left ) occupied the first and second places, respectively, of the men 's singles at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Spectators at the Whistler Sliding Centre watching lugers pass the point on the track where Kumaritashvili crashed and died. Main article : Luge at the Winter Olympics Further information : List of Olympic medalists in luge Men 's singles Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Germany 10 7 6 24 Italy 8 Austria 6 5 Russia 0 5 5 Latvia 0 0 Total 14 14 14 42 Doubles Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Germany 10 6 20 Austria 8 Italy 7 United States 0 5 Latvia 0 6 Russia 0 0 Total 15 13 14 42 Women 's singles Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Germany 10 12 9 31 Italy 0 0 Austria 6 Russia 0 5 United States 0 0 Total 14 14 14 42 Team relay Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Germany 0 0 Russia 0 0 Latvia 0 0 Total Total Olympic ranking ( 2014 ) Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Germany 31 23 21 75 Italy 7 6 17 Austria 5 7 7 19 Russia 5 9 5 United States 0 5 6 Latvia 0 Total 44 42 43 129 Fatal accidents Competitor Year Track Race Event Kazimierz Kay - Skrzypeski 1964 IGLS Training run 1964 Winter Olympics Stanisław Paczka 1969 Königssee First run FIL World Luge Championships 1969 Nodar Kumaritashvili Whistler Training run 2010 Winter Olympics See also Sports and games portal World Luge Championships World Luge Natural Track Championships List of Luge World Cup champions European Luge Championships European Luge Natural Track Championships Bobsleigh Skeleton Toboggan Street luge References ^ Jump up to : `` Rules of Artificial Track Luge '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` Whistler 's fast luge track poised risky ''. News.xinhuanet.com. 2010 - 02 - 13. Archived from the original on 2010 - 02 - 16. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Online Etymology Dictionary ''. Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. ^ Jump up to : `` Luge, extreme sport disciplines ''. Archived from the original on 2016 - 06 - 11. ^ Jump up to : `` United States Luge Association ''. Usaluge.org. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. Jump up ^ `` International Luge Federation ''. Fil-luge.org. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. Jump up ^ Delta Sky Mag : 124. January 2011. Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ Briggeman, Kim ( 2014 - 02 - 06 ). `` Lolo Hot Springs was home to first, ' pretty crude ' American luge run ''. Missoulian. Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 07. Jump up ^ `` Rules of Natural Track Luge '' ( PDF ). FIL. Jump up ^ `` The Upper Peninsula Luge Club ''. Retrieved 2015 - 03 - 03. Jump up ^ O'Neill, Sarah ( 2009 - 03 - 12 ). `` Negaunee Luge Hill Open for Public Use ''. The North Wind. Northern Michigan University. Retrieved 2015 - 03 - 03. Jump up ^ `` United States Luge Association ''. usaluge.org. Retrieved 2015 - 03 - 03. ^ Jump up to : to play Luge https://freshwater-and-saltwater.webnode.com/title=Rules to play Luge Check url = value ( help ). Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Olympic Luger Dies on Track Where Speed Caused Concern ''. Jump up ^ `` Joint VANOC / FIL statement ''. Vancouver2010.com. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Member Countries -- International Luge Federation ''. Fil-luge.org. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 25. Jump up ^ including East Germany and West Germany Jump up ^ including Soviet Union External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luge. International Luge Federation Bob - und Schlittenverband für Deutschland / German Luge Federation Österreichischer Rodelverband / Austrian Luge Federation United States Luge Association Natural Track : Upper Peninsula Luge Club of Michigan, USA Brazilian Luge Federation British Luge Association Croatian Luge Federation POV Lake Placid Olympic track on YouTube POV Utah Olympic track on YouTube POV Whistler Olympic track on YouTube POV Oberhof track on YouTube POV Calgary Olympic track on YouTube POV Altenberg track on YouTube Mark Grimmette describes doubles luge on YouTube Winter sliding sports Luge Winter Olympics medalists venues World championships World Cup European championships World natural track championships European natural track championships Asian championships Bobsleigh Winter Olympics medalists venues World championships World Cup European championships Skeleton Winter Olympics medalists venues World championships World Cup European championships International Luge Federation International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation List of bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks List of natural luge tracks Winter Olympic sports Alpine skiing Biathlon Bobsleigh Cross-country skiing Curling Figure skating Freestyle skiing Ice hockey Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding Speed skating See also : Paralympic sports and Summer Olympic sports Extreme and adventure sports Boardsports Bellyboarding Bodyboarding Dirtsurfing Flowriding Kite landboarding Kiteboarding Longboarding Mountainboarding River surfing Riverboarding Sandboarding Skateboarding Skimboarding Skysurfing Snowboarding Snowskating Street luging Surfing Wakeboarding Windsurfing Motorsports Drifting Motocross Rallying Snocross Supercross Water sports Coasteering Freediving High diving Jet Skiing Scuba diving Cave diving Technical diving Snorkeling Water skiing Whitewater canoeing Whitewater kayaking Whitewater rafting Climbing Bouldering Canyoning Free solo climbing Ice climbing Mountaineering Rock climbing Skyrunning Falling BASE jumping Bungee jumping Cliff - diving Cliff jumping Parachuting ( skydiving ) Flying Air racing Gliding Hang gliding Paragliding Powered paragliding Parasailing Speed flying Wingsuit flying Cycling BMX BMX racing Freestyle BMX Mountain biking Downhill mountain biking Rolling Freestyle scootering Inline skating Aggressive inline skating Vert skating Roller skating Skiing Extreme skiing Freestyle skiing Speed skiing Sliding Bobsleigh Extreme sledding Luge Skeleton Food Cheese rolling Nettle eating Others Adventure racing Caving Crane climbing Extreme ironing Extreme Pogo Fell running Obstacle racing Orienteering Paintball Powerbocking Slacklining Ultramarathon Zip - lining Commons Sports Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luge&oldid=836423184 '' Categories : Luge Winter Olympic sports Racing vehicles Racing Sledding Winter sports Human - powered vehicles Sliding vehicles Sports originating in Switzerland Hidden categories : Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Pages with URL errors Articles needing additional references from February 2010 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça Türkçe Українська 粵語 中文 41 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 April 2018, at 18 : 47. 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Question: how fast do olympic athletes go in the luge
Answer: 140 km/h (87 mph)