Bahadur Shah Zafar - Wikipedia Bahadur Shah Zafar Last Mughal emperor hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article 's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia 's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. ( April 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2015 ) Bahadur Shah II Mughal Emperor Emperor of Delhi Badshah 19th and last Mughal Emperor Reign 28 September 1837 -- 23 September 1857 Coronation 29 September 1837 at the Red Fort, Delhi, Mughal Empire Predecessor Akbar II Successor Empire abolished ( Victoria as Empress of India ) 24 October 1775 Delhi, Maratha Empire 7 November 1862 ( 1862 - 11 - 07 ) ( aged 87 ) Rangoon, British Burma ( now in Myanmar ) Burial 7 November 1862 Rangoon ( now Yangon ), British Burma ( now in Myanmar ) Spouse Ashraf Mahal Akhtar Mahal Zinat Mahal Taj Mahal Sharif - ul - Mahal Sayyidini Rahim Buksh Bai Begum Rajun Khawas Issue Mirza Dara Bakht Mirza Mughal Mirza Fath - ul - Mulk Bahadur Mirza Khizr Sultan Mirza Jawan Bakht Mirza Shah Abbas 16 more Full name Abu Zafar Nassurdin Siddique Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar House Timurid Father Akbar Shah II Mother Lal Bai Religion Islam Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar ( 24 October 1775 -- 7 November 1862 ) was the last Mughal emperor. He was the second son of Akbar ll of and became the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on 28 September 1837. He was a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the city of Delhi ( Shahjahanabad ). Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British - controlled Burma, after convicting him on conspiracy charges. Zafar 's father, Akbar II had been imprisoned by the English and he was not his father 's preferred choice as his successor. One of Akbar Shah 's queens, Mumtaz Begum, pressured him to declare her son, Mirza Jahangir, as his successor. However, The East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident, in the Red Fort, paving the way for Zafar to assume the throne. Contents 1 Reign 2 Rebellion of 1857 3 Trial 4 Death 5 Family and descendants 6 Religious beliefs 7 Epitaph 8 In popular culture 9 See also 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External links Reign M Awais Shah II enthroned Seal of the emperor in the first year of his reign The Maratha Empire had brought an end to the Mughal Empire in the Deccan in the 18th century and the regions of India under Mughal rule had either been absorbed by the Marathas or declared independence and turned into smaller kingdoms. The Marathas installed Shah Alam II in the throne in 1772, under the protection of the Maratha general Mahadaji Shinde and maintained suzerainty over Mughal affairs in Delhi. The East India Company became the dominant political and military power in mid-nineteenth - century India. Outside the region controlled by the Company, hundreds of kingdoms and principalities, fragmented their land. The emperor was respected by the Company and had given him a pension. The emperor permitted the Company to collect taxes from Delhi and maintain a military force in it. Bahadur Shah never had any interest in statecraft or had any `` imperial ambition ''. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him from Delhi. Bahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, having written a number of Urdu ghazals. While some part of his opus was lost or destroyed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, a large collection did survive, and was compiled into the Kulliyyat - i - Zafar. The court that he maintained was home to several prolific Urdu writers, including Mirza Ghalib, Dagh, Mumin, and Zauq. After his defeat, he said : غازیوں میں بو رھے گی جب تلک ایمان کی تخت لندن تک چلے گی تیغ ھندوستان کی ghaziyoñ meñ bū rahegī jab tak imān kī takht london tak chalegī tegh Hindostān kī As long as there remains the scent of faith in the hearts of our Ghazis, so long shall the Talwar of Hindustan flash before the throne of London Rebellion of 1857 Capture of the emperor and his sons by William Hodson at Humayun 's tomb on 20 September 1857 Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1858, just after his trial and before his departure for exile in Burma. As the Indian Rebellion of 1857 spread, Sepoy regiments seized Delhi. Because of his neutral views on religions, some Indian kings and regiments accepted Zafar as the Emperor of India. On 12 May 1857, Ahsan held his first formal audience in several years after defeating. It was attended by several sepoys who treated him `` familiarly or disrespectfully ''. When the sepoys first arrived at Bahadur Shah Zafar 's court, he asked them why they had come to him because he had no means of maintaining them. Bahadur Shah Zafar 's conduct was indecisive. However, he yielded to the demands of the sepoys when he was told that they would not be able to win against the East India Company without him. On 16 May, sepoys and palace servants killed 52 Europeans who were prisoners of the palace and who were discovered hiding in the city. The executions took place under a peepul tree in front of the palace, despite Zafar 's protests. The aim of the executioners who were not the supporters of Zafar was to implicate him in the killings. Once he had joined them, Bahadur Shah II took ownership for all the actions of the mutineers. Though Zafar was dismayed by the looting and disorder, he gave his public support to the rebellion. Bahadur Shah Zafar was not directly responsible for the massacre but he could have prevented it, which he did not and thus he was considered a consenting party during his trial. The administration of the city and its new occupying army was described as `` chaotic and troublesome '', which functioned `` haphazardly ''. The Emperor nominated his eldest surviving son, Mirza Mughal, as the commander in chief of his forces. However, Mirza Mughal had little military experience and was rejected by the sepoys. The sepoys did not have any commander since each regiment refused to accept orders from someone other than their own officers. Mirza Mughal 's administration extended no further than the city. Outside Gujjar herders began levying their own tolls on traffic, and it became increasingly difficult to feed the city. When the victory of the British became certain, Zafar took refuge at Humayun 's Tomb, in an area that was then at the outskirts of Delhi. Company forces led by Major William Hodson surrounded the tomb and Zafar surrendered on 20 September 1857. The next day Hodson shot his sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sultan, and grandson Mirza Abu Bakr under his own authority at the Khooni Darwaza near the Delhi Gate. Severed heads of his three sons and grandson were brought before him. Many male members of his family were killed by Company forces. Other surviving members of the Mughal dynasty were imprisoned or exiled. Trial The trial was a consequence of the Sepoy Mutiny and lasted for 41 days, had 19 hearings, 21 witnesses and over a hundred documents in Persian and Urdu, with their English translations, were produced in the court. At first the trial was suggested to be held at Calcutta, the place where Directors of East India company used to their sittings in connection with their commercial pursuits. But instead, Red Fort in Delhi was selected for the trial. It was the first case to be tried at the Red Fort. Zafar was tried and found guilty on four counts : 1 ) Aiding and abetting the mutinies of the troops 2 ) Encouraging and assisting divers persons in waging war against the British Government 3 ) Assuming the sovereignty of Hindoostan 4 ) Causing and being accessory to the murder of the Christians. -- Proceedings of the April 1858 Trial of Bahadur Shah Zafar ' King of Delhi ' On the 20th day of the trial, Bahadur Shah II defended himself against these charges. Bahadur Shah, in his defence, stated his complete helplessness before the will of the sepoys. The sepoys apparently used to affix his seal on empty envelopes, the contents of which he was absolutely unaware. While the emperor may have been overstating his impotence before the sepoys, the fact remains that the sepoys had felt powerful enough to dictate terms to anybody. The 82 - year - old poet king was harassed by the mutineers and were neither inclined to nor capable of providing any real leadership. Despite this, he was the primary accused in the trial for the rebellion. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, Zafar 's most trusted confidant and both his Prime Minister and personal physician, had insisted that Zafar not involve himself in the rebellion and surrender himself to the British. But when Zafar ultimately did this, Hakim Ahsanullah Khan betrayed him by providing evidence against him at the trial in return for a pardon for himself. Respecting Hodson 's guarantee on his surrender, Zafar was not sentenced but exiled to Rangoon, Burma, where he died in November 1862 at the age of 87. His wife Zeenat Mahal and some of the remaining members of the family accompanied him. At 4 am on 7 October 1858, Zafar along with his wives, two remaining sons began his journey towards Rangoon in bullock carts escorted by 9th Lancers under command of Lieutenant Ommaney. The occupying forces entered the Red Fort and stole anything that was valuable. Ancient objects, jewels, books and other cultural items were taken which can be found in various museums in Britain. For example, the Crown of Bahadur Shah II is a part of the Royal Collection in London. Death Main article : Bahadur Shah Zafar grave dispute In 1862, at the age of 87, he had reportedly acquired some illness. In October, his condition deteriorated. He was `` spoon - fed on broth '' but he found that difficult too by 3 November. On 6 November, the British Commissioner H.N. Davies recorded that Zafar `` is evidently sinking from pure despitude and paralysis in the region of his throat ''. To prepare for his death Davies commanded for the collection of lime and bricks and a spot was selected at the `` back of Zafar 's enclosure '' for his burial. Zafar died on Friday, 7 November 1862 at 5 am. Zafar was buried at 4 pm near the Shwe Degon Pagoda at 6 Ziwaka Road, near the intersection with Shwe Degon Pagoda road, Yangon, Myanmar. The shrine of Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah was built there after recovery of its tomb on 16 February 1991. Davies commenting on Zafar, described his life to be `` very uncertain ''. Family and descendants Purported photograph of Zinat Mahal Begum, his consort Sons of Bahadur Shah Zafar. On the left is Jawan Bakht, and on the right is Mirza Shah Abbas. Bahadur Shah Zafar had four wives and numerous concubines. His wives were : Begum Ashraf Mahal Begum Akhtar Mahal Begum Zeenat Mahal Begum Taj Mahal Begum Hazrath Mahal He had twenty two sons including : Mirza Dara Bakht Miran Shah ( 1790 -- 1849 ) Mirza Shah Rukh Mirza Fath - ul - Mulk Bahadur ( alias Mirza Fakhru ) ( 1816 -- 1856 ) Mirza Mughal ( 1817 -- 22 September 1857 ) Mirza Khizr Sultan ( 1834 -- 22 September 1857 ) Mirza Abu Bakr ( 1837 to 1857 ) Mirza Jawan Bakht ( 1841 to 1884 ) Mirza Quaish Mirza Shah Abbas ( 1845 -- 1910 ) He had at least thirty - two daughters including : Rabeya Begum Begum Fatima Sultan Kulsum Zamani Begum Raunaq Zamani Begum ( possibly a granddaughter, died 30 April 1930 ) Many individuals claim to be descendants of Bahadur Shah Zafar living in places of India like Hyderabad, Aurangabad, Delhi, Bhopal, Kolkata, and Bangalore. However the claims are often disputed. Religious beliefs A panorama showing the imperial procession to celebrate the feast of the Eid ul - Fitr, with the emperor on the elephant to the left and his sons to the right ( 24 October 1843 ) Bahadur Shah Zafar was a devout Sufi. He was regarded as a Sufi Pir and used to accept murids or pupils. The newspaper Delhi Urdu Akhbaar described him as `` one of the leading saints of the age, approved of by the divine court. '' Before his accession, he lived like `` a poor scholar and dervish '', differing from his three royal brothers, Mirza Jahangir, Salim and Babur. In 1828, a decade before he succeeded the throne, Major Archer said that `` Zafar is a man of spare figure and stature, plainly apparelled, almost approaching to meanness. '' His appearance is that of an indigent munshi or teacher of languages ``. One of the many Alam ( flags ) of the Mughal Empire ( light in the centre representing Muhammad ). As a poet, Zafar imbibed the highest subtleties of mystical Sufi teachings. He was also a believer of the magical and superstitious side of the Orthodox Sufism. Like many of his followers, he believed that his position as both a Sufi pir and emperor gave him spiritual powers. In an incident in which one of his followers was bitten by a snake, Zafar tried to cure him by giving a `` seal of Bezoar '' ( a stone antidote to poison ) and some water on which he had breathed to the man to drink. The emperor had a staunch belief in ta'aviz or charms, especially as a palliative for his constant complaint of piles, or to ward off evil spells. During a period of illness, he told a group of Sufi pirs that several of his wives suspected that someone had cast a spell over him. He requested them to take some steps to remove all apprehension on this account. The group wrote some charms and asked the emperor to mix them in water and drink it, which would protect him from the evil. A coterie of pirs, miracle workers and Hindu astrologers were always in touch with the emperor. On their advice, he would sacrifice buffaloes and camels, buried eggs and arrested alleged black magicians, and wore a ring that cured for his indigestion. He also donated cows to the poor, elephants to the Sufi shrines and horses to the khadims or clergy of Jama Masjid. In one of his verses, Zafar explicitly stated that both Hinduism and Islam shared the same essence. This philosophy was implemented by his court which embodied a multicultural composite Hindu - Islamic Mughal culture. Epitaph Poem written by Zafar, dated 29 April 1844 He was a prolific Urdu poet and calligrapher. He wrote the following Ghazal ( Video search ) as his own epitaph. In his book, The Last Mughal, William Dalrymple states that, according to Lahore scholar Imran Khan, the beginning of the verse, umr - e-darāz māńg ke ( `` I asked for a long life '' ) was not written by Zafar, and does not appear in any of the works published during Zafar 's lifetime. The verse was allegedly written by Simab Akbarabadi. Original Urdu Devanagari transliteration Roman transliteration English Translation لگتا نہیں ہے جی مِرا اُجڑے دیار میں کس کی بنی ہے عالمِ ناپائیدار میں بُلبُل کو پاسباں سے نہ صیاد سے گلہ قسمت میں قید لکھی تھی فصلِ بہار میں کہہ دو اِن حسرتوں سے کہیں اور جا بسی اتنی جگہ کہاں ہے دلِ داغدار میں اِک شاخِ گل پہ بیٹھ کے بُلبُل ہے شادماں کانٹے بِچھا دیتے ہیں دلِ لالہ زار میں عمرِ دراز مانگ کے لائے تھے چار دِن دو آرزو میں کٹ گئے ، دو اِنتظار میں دِن زندگی کے ختم ہوئے شام ہوگئی پھیلا کے پائوں سوئیں گے کنج مزار میں کتنا ہے بدنصیب ظفر دفن کے لئے دو گز زمین بھی نہ ملی کوئے یار میں लगता नहीं है जी मेरा उजड़े दयार में किसकी बनी है आलम - ए - नापायेदार में बुलबुल को पासबाँ से न सैयाद से गिला क़िस्मत में क़ैद लिखी थी फ़स्ल - ए - बहार में कह दो इन हसरतों से कहीं और जा बसें इतनी जगह कहाँ है दिल - ए - दाग़दार में इक शाख़ - ए - गुल पे बैठ के बुलबुल है शादमाँ काँटे बिछा दिये हैं दिल - ए - लालाज़ार में उम्र - ए - दराज़ माँगके लाए थे चार दिन दो आरज़ू में कट गए, दो इन्तज़ार में दिन ज़िन्दगी के ख़त्म हुए शाम हो गई फैला के पाँव सोएँगे कुंज - ए - मज़ार में कितना है बदनसीब `` ज़फ़र '' दफ़्न के लिए दो गज़ ज़मीन भी न मिली कू - ए - यार में lagtā nahīń hé jī mérā ūjař'é dayār méń kiskī banī hé ālam - e-nā - pāyedār méń būlbūl ko pāsbāń se na saiyyād se gilā qismet méń qaid likhī tthī fasl - e-bahār méń kaeh do in hassretoń se kahīń aur jā bas'éń itnī jageh kahāń hé dil - e-dāGhdār méń ik shāKh - e-gūl pe baiTh ke būlbūl hé shādmāń kānTe bichā diye héń dil - e-lālāzār méń umr - e-darāz māńg ke lāye tthe chār din do ārzū méń kaT gayé do intezār méń din zindagī ke Khatm hué shām ho gayī p'hailā ke pāoń soyeń - ge kūńj - e-mazaar méń kitnā hé bad - naseeb zafar dafn ke liye do gaz zamīn bhī na milī kū - e-yār méń My heart has no repose in this despoiled land Who has ever felt fulfilled in this futile world ? The nightingale complains about neither the sentinel nor the hunter Fate had decreed imprisonment during the harvest of spring Tell these longings to go dwell elsewhere What space is there for them in this besmirched heart ? Sitting on a branch of flowers, the nightingale rejoices It has strewn thorns in the garden of my heart I asked for a long life, I received four days Two passed in desire, two in waiting. The days of life are over, evening has fallen I shall sleep, legs outstretched, in my tomb How unfortunate is Zafar ! For his burial Not even two yards of land were to be had, in the land of his beloved. In popular culture Zafar was portrayed in the play 1857 : Ek Safarnama set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by Javed Siddiqui. It was staged at Purana Qila, Delhi ramparts by Nadira Babbar and the National School of Drama Repertory company in 2008. A Hindi - Urdu black and white movie, Lal Quila ( 1960 ), directed by Nanabhai Bhatt, showcased Bahadur Shah Zafar extensively. A television series titled `` Bahadur Shah Zafar '' aired on Doordarshan in 1986. Ashok Kumar played the lead role in it. See also List of Indian monarchs List of Urdu poets Shahzada Muhammad Hidayat Afshar, Ilahi Bakhsh Bahadur References ^ Jump up to : Husain, S. Mahdi ( 2006 ). Bahadur Shah Zafar ; And the War of 1857 in Delhi. Aakar Books. Jump up ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal ( 2005 ). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707 -- 1813. Sterling Publishers. p. 94. Jump up ^ Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar ( 10 May 1909 ). The Indian War of Independence -- 1857 ( PDF ). Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 22 November 2008. Jump up ^ `` The Sunday Tribune -- Spectrum ''. The Tribune. 10 May 1907. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 212 ^ Jump up to : `` Proceedings of the April 1858 Trial of Bahadur Shah Zafar ' King of Delhi ' ''. Parliamentary Papers. June 1859. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 223 Jump up ^ Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 145 fn ^ Jump up to : Bhatia, H.S. Justice System and Mutinies in British India. p. 204. Jump up ^ Gill, M.S. Trials that Changed History : From Socrates to Saddam Hussein. p. 53. ^ Jump up to : Sharma, Kanika. A Symbol of State Power : Use of the Red Fort in Indian Political Trials ( PDF ). p. 1. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 18 November 2016. Jump up ^ `` Proceedings of the April 1858 Trial of Bahadur Shah Zafar ' King of Delhi ' '' ( PDF ). Parliamentary Papers. June 1859. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 6 October 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Rebel Army in 1857 : At the Vanguard of the War of Independence or a Tyranny of Arms ? ''. Economic and Political Weekly. 42. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, William ( 2007 ). The Last Mughal : The Fall of Delhi, 1857. Penguin India. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, William. The Last Mughal. Penguin Books. ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 310243 - 4. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 473 Jump up ^ By Amaury Lorin ( 9 February 2914 ). `` Grave secrets of Yangon 's imperial tomb ''. mmtimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. Jump up ^ Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 474 Jump up ^ Farooqi, Abdullah. `` Bahadur Shah Zafar Ka Afsanae Gam ''. Farooqi Book Depot. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007. Jump up ^ `` Search the Collections ''. Victoria and Albert Museum. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Jump up ^ No Living Moghals, for now, The Hindu, Dec 09, 2002 Archived 30 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ The slumdog princess : How the descendant of the Indian Moghul rulers who built the Taj Mahal now lives in desperate poverty Daily Mail, Wills Robinson, 18 September 201 Archived 12 November 2013 at Archive.is ^ Jump up to : William Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 78 ^ Jump up to : William Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 79 ^ Jump up to : William Dalrymple, The Last Mughal, p. 80 Jump up ^ `` Zoomify image : Poem composed by the Emperor Bahadhur Shah and addressed to the Governor General 's Agent at Delhi February 1843 ''. Bl.uk. 30 November 2003. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` ( SASIALIT ) bahadur shah zafar poem and its translation attempts ''. Mailman.rice.edu. 7 January 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` BBC Hindi -- भारत ''. BBC. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` Jee Nehein Lagta Ujrey Diyaar Mein ''. urdupoint.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2007. Jump up ^ `` A little peek into history ''. The Hindu. 2 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Bibliography Portrait of Bahadur Shah in 1840s The Delhi Book of Thomas Metcalfe William Dalrymple ( 2009 ). The Last Mughal : The Fall of Delhi, 1857. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4088 - 0688 - 3. HLO Garrett ( 2007 ). The Trial of Bahadur Shah Zafar. Roli Books. ISBN 8174365842. K.C. Kanda ( 2007 ). Bahadur Shah Zafar and His Contemporaries : Zauq, Ghalib, Momin, Shefta : Selected Poetry. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978 - 81 - 207 - 3286 - 5. S. Mahdi Husain ( 2006 ). Bahadur Shah Zafar ; And the War of 1857 in Delhi. Aakar Books. ISBN 978 - 81 - 87879 - 91 - 6. Shyam Singh Shashi. Encyclopaedia Indica : Bahadur Shah II, The last Mughal Emperor. Anmol Publications. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7041 - 859 - 7. Gopal Das Khosla ( 1969 ). The last Mughal. Hind Pocket Books. Pramod K. Nayar ( 2007 ). The Trial Of Bahadur Shah Zafar. Orient Longman. ISBN 978 - 81 - 250 - 3270 - 0. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bahadur Shah II. Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bahadur Shah II... Bahadur Shah Zafar on IMDb Extract of talk by Zafar 's biographer William Dalrymple ( British Library ) Poetry Bahadur Shah Zafar at Kavita Kosh ( in Hindi ) Bahadur Shah Zafar Poetry Extracts from a book on Bahadur Shah Zafar, with details of exile and family Bahadur Shah Zafar Ghazals Links to further websites on Bahadur Shah Zafar Poetry on urdupoetry.com Kalaam e Zafar -- Select verses ( in Hindi ) Loharu at Roalark.net Descendants BBC Report on Bahadur Shah 's possible descendants in Hyderabad An article on Bahadur Shah 's descendants in Delhi and Hyderabad Another article on Bahadur Shah 's descendants in Hyderabad An article on Bahadur Shah 's descendants in Kolkata Forgotten Empress : Sultana Beghum sells tea in Kolkata Bahadur Shah Zafar Timurid dynasty Regnal titles Preceded by Akbar II as Emperor of India King of Delhi 1837 -- 1857 Succeeded by Queen Victoria as Empress of India Preceded by Akbar II as Emperor of India style = `` width : 40 % ; text - align : center ; '' rowspan = `` 1 '' Head of the House of Timurid 1857 -- 1862 style = `` width : 30 % ; text - align : center ; '' rowspan = `` 1 '' Succeeded by Mirza Jawan Bakht hide Mughal Empire Emperors Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb ( Alamgir ) Muhammad Azam Shah Bahadur Shah I Jahandar Shah Farrukhsiyar Rafi ud - Darajat Shah Jahan II Muhammad Shah Ahmad Shah Bahadur Alamgir II Shah Jahan III Shah Alam II Akbar II Bahadur Shah II Battles and conflicts Battle of Panipat ( 1526 ) Gujarat conquest Battle of Khanwa Battle of Ghaghra Siege of Sambhal Battle of Panipat ( 1556 ) Battle of Thanesar Siege of Chittorgarh Siege of Ranthambore Battle of Tukaroi Battle of Raj Mahal Battle of Haldighati Battle of Bhuchar Mori Siege of Kandahar Mughal -- Safavid War ( 1622 -- 23 ) Siege of Orchha Mughal -- Safavid War ( 1649 -- 53 ) Battle of Samugarh Battle of Khajwa Suppression of Tilpat rebellion Ahom -- Mughal conflicts Siege of Purandhar Tibet -- Ladakh -- Mughal War Mughal -- Maratha Wars Siege of Bijapur Siege of Jinji Child 's War Siege of Golconda Battle of Karnal Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Buxar Siege of Delhi Architecture Taj Mahal Gardens of Babur Fatehpur Sikri Tomb of Salim Chishti Humayun 's Tomb Red Fort Lahore Fort Jahangir Mahal Lalbagh Fort Akbar 's Tomb Agra Fort Chawk Mosque Shalimar Gardens Achabal Gardens Jahangir 's Tomb Bibi Ka Maqbara Badshahi Mosque Shahi Bridge Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta Sheesh Mahal Sunehri Masjid Tipu Sultan Mosque Wazir Khan Mosque more Adversaries Ibrahim Lodi Rana Sanga Sher Shah Suri Hemu Maharana Pratap Malik Ambar Gokula Pratapaditya Shivaji Lachit Borphukan Khushal Khattak Sir Josiah Child Guru Gobind Singh Henry Every Bajirao I Nader Shah Hector Munro Provinces Bengal Subah Gujarat Subah See also Art Cuisine Culture Flag Gardens Language Military Painting Persians Tribe Weapons Timurid dynasty family tree Successor states Maratha Empire Rajput states Jats Sikh Empire Nawabs of Bengal Awadh Nizam of Hyderabad Carnatic Kingdom of Mysore Rohilkhand BIBSYS : 7071966 BNF : cb14561973r ( data ) GND : 120196794 ISNI : 0000 0001 2136 7766 LCCN : n81042741 LNB : 000250126 SELIBR : 290812 SUDOC : 12653313X VIAF : 64248022 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_Zafar&oldid=856844393 '' Categories : 1775 births 1862 deaths Mughal emperors Urdu poets People from Delhi Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Indian exiles 19th - century Indian people Indian Sunni Muslims Timurid monarchs Descendants of Genghis Khan 19th - century Urdu writers Urdu writers from British India Urdu writers from Mughal India Hidden categories : CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Webarchive template wayback links Webarchive template archiveis links Articles with short description Use Indian English from July 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from June 2018 Wikipedia external links cleanup from April 2015 Wikipedia spam cleanup from April 2015 Articles needing additional references from April 2015 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Articles with Hindi - language external links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français ગુજરાતી 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Lietuvių मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ 日本 語 Norsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский සිංහල Simple English Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు Türkçe Українська اردو 中文 37 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2018, at 21 : 46 ( UTC ). 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Question: who is the last king of mughal empire
Answer: Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar