Gene bank - wikipedia Gene bank This article is about preservation of genetic material. For gene banks in Molecular Biology, a collection of DNA from one organism, see Genomic library. Gene banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds ( e.g. in a seedbank ). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. Plant genetic material in a ' gene bank ' is preserved at - 196 ° Celsius in Liquid Nitrogen as mature seed ( dry ). In plants, it is possible to unfreeze the material and propagate it, however, in animals, a living female is required for artificial insemination. While it is often difficult to use frozen animal sperm and eggs, there are many examples of it being done successfully. In an effort to conserve agricultural biodiversity, gene banks are used to store and conserve the plant genetic resources of major crop plants and their crop wild relatives. There are many gene banks all over the world, with the Svalbard Global Seed Vault being probably the most famous one. The database of the largest gene banks in the world can be queried via a common website, Genesys. Contents 1 Types of gene banks 1.1 Seed bank 1.2 Tissue bank 1.3 Cryobank 1.4 Field gene bank 2 See also 3 External links 3.1 Multimedia 4 References Types of gene banks This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. ( January 2016 ) Seed bank A seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them at a very low temperature. Spores and pteridophytes are conserved in seed banks, but other seedless plants, such as tuber crops can not be preserved this way. The largest seed bank in world is the Millennium Seed Bank housed at the Wellcome Trust Millennium Building ( WTMB ), located in the grounds of Wakehurst Place in West Sussex, near London. Tissue bank In this technique, buds, protocorm and meristematic cells are preserved through particular light and temperature arrangements in a nutrient medium. This technique is used to preserve seedless plants and plants that reproduce sexually. Cryobank In this technique, a seed or embryo is preserved at very low temperatures. It is usually preserved in liquid nitrogen at - 196 ° C. This is helpful for the conservation of species facing extinction. Cryobanks are utilized for the cryoconservation of animal genetic resources Storage of pollen This is a method in which pollen grains are stored. We can make plants which are facing extinction in the present world. Using this technique, we can make plants with one set of chromosomes. The pollen is stored in liquid nitrogen. This method is useful for crossbreeding. Field gene bank This is a method of planting plants for the conservation of genes. For this purpose, an ecosystem is created artificially. Through this method one can compare the differences among plants of different species and can study them in detail. It needs more land, adequate soil, weather, etc. Germ plasma of important crops are conserved through this method. 42,000 varieties of rice are conserved in the Central Rice Research Institute in Orissa. See also Sperm bank Ova bank Biobank Biological database Germplasm Seed bank External links AEGIS A European Genebank Integrated System The Crop Genebank Knowledge Base Genebanks Genesys Israel Gene Bank DAD - IS : Domestic Animal Diversity Information System Multimedia Short DIVERSEEDS video about the Israeli Gene Bank References Jump up ^ `` 青 汁 と 口臭 と サプリメント と 運動 ''. www.cdnn.info. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 01. Jump up ^ Drori, Jonathan ( posted May 2009, filmed February 2009 ). `` Why we 're storing billions of seeds ''. TED2009. TED. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 11. Check date values in : date = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Cryo bank ''. CGIAR Genetic Resources Systems : Phase 2. Collective Action for the Rehabilitation of Global Public Goods. Retrieved 23 January 2012. Jump up ^ ' ' Cryoconservation of Animal Genetic Resources. ' ' Rep. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 12. Print. Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts ( 1985 ). Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks Vol. II : Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations. IBPGR ( now Bioversity International ). Rome, Italy. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Engels, J.M.M. and L. Visser, editors. ( 2003 ). A Guide to Effective Management of Germplasm Collections. CABI, IFPRI, IPGRI, SGRP. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) 174 p. Kameswara, N., J. Hanson, M.E. Dulloo, K. Ghosh, A. Nowell and M. Larinde. ( 2006 ). Manual of Seed Handling in Genebanks. Bioversity International, CTA ( Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ), FAO, ILRI. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) 147 p. Koo, B., Pardey, P.G., Wright, B.D. ; et al. ( 2004 ). Saving Seeds. CABI, IFPRI, IPGRI, SGRP. 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Question: plant genetic material in gene-bank is preserved at 196 c in liquid nitrogen as
Answer: mature seed (dry)