Sanatorium - wikipedia Sanatorium For other uses, see Sanatorium ( disambiguation ). Not to be confused with Santorum. One of the remaining turrets of the Grunwald Sanatorium ( now Sokołowsko, Poland ) Postage stamp depicting the Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium, Finland, by Alvar Aalto A sanatorium ( also spelled sanitorium and sanitarium ) is a medical facility for long - term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis ( TB ) in the late - nineteenth and twentieth century before the discovery of antibiotics. A distinction is sometimes made between `` sanitarium '' ( a kind of health resort, as in the Battle Creek Sanitarium ) and `` sanatorium '' ( a hospital ). Contents 1 History 1.1 Conception 1.2 Early establishments 1.3 In 20th - century United States 1.4 Discovery of antibiotics and decline 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links History Conception The first suggestion of sanatoria in the modern sense was likely made by George Bodington, who opened a sanatorium in Sutton Coldfield in 1836 and later published his essay, On the Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption, in 1840. His novel approach was dismissed as `` very crude ideas and unsupported assertions '' by reviewers in the Lancet, and his sanatorium was converted to an asylum soon after. The rationale for sanatoria in the pre-antibiotic era was that a regimen of rest and good nutrition offered the best chance that the sufferer 's immune system would `` wall off '' pockets of pulmonary TB infection. In 1863, Hermann Brehmer opened the Brehmersche Heilanstalt für Lungenkranke in Görbersdorf ( Sokołowsko ), Silesia ( now Poland ), for the treatment of tuberculosis. Patients were exposed to plentiful amounts of high altitude, fresh air, and good nutrition. Tuberculosis sanatoria became common throughout Europe from the late - 19th century onward. Early establishments The Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium, established in Saranac Lake, New York, in 1885, was the first such establishment in North America. According to the Saskatchewan Lung Association, when the National Anti-Tuberculosis Association ( Canada ) was founded in 1904, its members, including renowned pioneer in the fight against tuberculosis Dr. R.G. Ferguson, believed that a distinction should be made between the health resorts with which people were familiar and the new tuberculosis treatment hospitals : `` So they decided to use a new word which instead of being derived from the Latin noun sanitas, meaning health, would emphasize the need for scientific healing or treatment. Accordingly, they took the Latin verb root sano, meaning to heal, and adopted the new word sanatorium. '' Switzerland used to have many sanatoria, as health professionals believed that clean, cold mountain air was the best treatment for lung diseases. In Finland, a series of tuberculosis sanatoria were built throughout the country in isolated forest areas during the early 1900s. The most famous was the Paimio Sanatorium, completed in 1933, designed by world - renowned architect Alvar Aalto. It had both sun - balconies and a rooftop terrace where the patients would lie all day either in beds or on specially designed chairs, the Paimio Chair. In Portugal, the Heliantia Sanatorium in Valadares, was used for the treatment of bone tuberculosis between the 1930s and 1960s. In 20th - century United States In the early 20th century, tuberculosis sanatoria became common in the United States. In the early 1900s, Arizona 's sunshine and dry desert air attracted many people ( called `` lungers '' ) suffering from tuberculosis, rheumatism, asthma, and numerous other diseases. Wealthier people chose to recuperate in exclusive TB resorts, while others used their savings to make the journey to Arizona and arrived penniless. TB camps in the desert were formed by pitching tents and building cabins. During the tuberculosis epidemic, cities in Arizona advertised the state as an ideal place for treatment of TB. Many sanatoria in the state of Arizona were modeled after European away - from - city resorts of the time, boasting courtyards and individual rooms. Each sanatorium was equipped to take care of about 120 people. The greatest area for sanatoria was in Tucson with over 12 hotel - style facilities in the city. By 1920, Tucson had 7,000 people who had come for treatment of tuberculosis. So many people came to the West that not enough housing was available for them all. In 1910, tent cities began to pop up in different areas ; one was described as a place of squalor and shunned by most citizens. Many of the infected slept in the open desert. The area adjacent to what was then central Phoenix, called Sunnyslope, was home to another large TB encampment, with the residents primarily living in tents pitched along the hillsides of the mountains that rise to the north of the city. Several sanatoria also opened in southern California in the early party of the 20th century due to the dry, warm climate. The first tuberculosis sanatorium for blacks in the segregated South was the Piedmont Sanatorium in Burkeville, Virginia. Waverly Hills Sanatorium, a Louisville, Kentucky, tuberculosis sanatorium, was founded in 1911. It has become a mecca for curiosity seekers who believe it is haunted. Because of its dry climate, Colorado Springs was home to several sanatoria. A.G. Holley Hospital in Lantana, Florida was the last remaining freestanding tuberculosis sanatorium in the United States until it closed on July 2, 2012. In 1907, Stannington Sanatorium was open in the North East of England to treat tuberculosis in children. The sanatorium was opened using funds raised by a local charity, the Poor Children 's Holiday Association, now the region 's oldest children 's charity, Children North East. Discovery of antibiotics and decline After 1943, when Albert Schatz, then a graduate student at Rutgers University, discovered streptomycin, an antibiotic and the first cure for tuberculosis, sanatoria began to close. As in the case of the Paimio Sanatorium, many were transformed into general hospitals. By the 1950s, tuberculosis was no longer a major public health threat ; it was controlled by antibiotics rather than extended rest. Most sanatoria were demolished years before. Some, however, have been adapted for new medical roles. The Tambaram Sanatorium in south India is now a hospital for AIDS patients. The state hospital in Sanatorium, Mississippi, is now a regional center for programs for treatment and occupational therapy associated with mental retardation. In Japan in 2001, the ministry of welfare suggested changing the names of a leprosarium to a sanatorium. See also List of sanatoria in the United States References ^ Jump up to : `` The Sanatorium Age : ' '' Sanatorium ' vs. ' Sanitarium ', An History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada Archived 2004 - 12 - 15 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Sanitarium, sanatorium, sanitorium '', The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, 1993 Jump up ^ Bodington, George ( 1840 ). Dr. Lichfield. Jump up ^ Keers, Robert ( July 1980 ). `` The thorax : Two forgotten pioneers. James Carson and George Bodington ''. Thorax. 35 ( 7 ) : 483 -- 489. doi : 10.1136 / thx. 35.7. 483. Jump up ^ Frith, John. `` History of Tuberculosis. Part 2 -- the Sanatoria and the Discoveries of the Tubercle Bacillus ''. Journal of Military and Veterans ' Health. History. Retrieved May 12, 2017. Jump up ^ McCarthy OR ( August 2001 ). `` The key to the sanatoria ''. JR Soc Med. 94 ( 8 ) : 413 -- 7. PMC 1281640. PMID 11461990. Jump up ^ Göran Schildt, Alvar Aalto - A Life 's Work - Architecture, Design and Art, Otava Publishing, Helsinki, 1994. Jump up ^ `` The Sanatorium Movement in America ''. The White Plague in the City of Angels. University of Southern California. Retrieved May 12, 2017. Jump up ^ Sucre, Richard. `` The Great White Plague : The Culture of Death and the Tuberculosis Sanatorium ''. University of Virginia. Retrieved May 13, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Waverly Hills Sanatorium still source of local curiosity - Louisville Cardinal, 21 October 2003 ''. Archived from the original on 5 November 2003. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 01. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ Sunland Hospital # A.G. Holley Hospital in Lantana Jump up ^ `` Voices of Stannington Sanatorium ''. Woodhorn Museum and Northumberland Archives. Retrieved 28 October 2014. Jump up ^ Govt. Hospital of Thoracic Medicine Further reading Waverly Hills Sanatorium still source of local curiosity, Douglas Kleier, Jr., Louisville Cardinal Online, Oct. 21, 2003. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sanatoriums. `` Sanatorium ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed. ). 1911. Bloomington 's Kelso Sanitarium promised to cure all - Pantagraph ( Bloomington, Illinois newspaper ) LCCN : sh85117150 GND : 4179048 - 0 NDL : 00570091 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanatorium&oldid=824291413 '' Categories : Hospitals Tuberculosis Types of healthcare facilities Tuberculosis sanatoria Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Frysk 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Кыргызча Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 February 2018, at 13 : 50. 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Question: when was the first sanatorium for tuberculosis treatment opened
Answer: 1885