N, N - dimethyltryptamine - wikipedia N, N - dimethyltryptamine This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2017 ) N, N - Dimethyltryptamine Clinical data Routes of administration Oral ( with an MAOI ), insufflated, rectal, vaporized, IM, IV ATC code none Legal status Legal status AU : S9 ( Prohibited ) CA : Schedule III DE : Anlage I ( Authorized scientific use only ) UK : Class A US : Schedule I UN : Psychotropic Schedule I Identifiers IUPAC name 2 - ( 1H - Indol - 3 - yl ) - N, N - dimethylethanamine CAS Number 61 - 50 - 7 PubChem CID 6089 IUPHAR / BPS 141 DrugBank DB01488 ChemSpider 5864 UNII WUB601BHAA KEGG C08302 ChEBI CHEBI : 28969 ChEMBL CHEMBL12420 ECHA InfoCard 100.000. 463 Chemical and physical data Formula Molar mass 188.269 g / mol 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image Density 1.099 g / cm Melting point 40 ° C ( 104 ° F ) Boiling point 160 ° C ( 320 ° F ) @ 0.6 Torr ( 80 Pa ) also reported as 80 -- 135 ° C ( 176 -- 275 ° F ) @ 0.03 Torr ( 4.0 Pa ) SMILES CN ( CCC1 = CNC2 = C1C = CC = C2 ) C InChI InChI = 1S / C12H16N2 / c1 - 14 ( 2 ) 8 - 7 - 10 - 9 - 13 - 12 - 6 - 4 - 3 - 5 - 11 ( 10 ) 12 / h3 - 6, 9, 13H, 7 - 8H2, 1 - 2H3 Key : DMULVCHRPCFFGV - UHFFFAOYSA - N ( verify ) Part of a series on Psychedelia Arts Psychedelic art Algorithmic art Cyberdelic Diffraction Fractal art Liquid light show LSD art Paisley Phosphene Psychedelic music Acid house Acid jazz Acid rock Acid techno Acid trance Chillwave Hypnagogic pop Neo-psychedelia Peyote song Psychedelic folk Psychedelic pop Psychedelic rock Psychedelic soul Psychedelic trance Space rock Stoner rock Trip hop Psychedelic film Acid Western Stoner film Psychedelic literature Culture Counterculture Entheogen Smart shop Trip sitter Psychedelic microdosing Drugs 25I - NBOMe 2C - B Ayahuasca Cannabis DMT Ibogaine Ketamine LSD Mescaline Peyote Psilocybin mushrooms Salvinorin A / Salvia San Pedro cactus List of psychedelic drugs List of psilocybin mushrooms Psychoactive cactus Experience Bad trip Ecology Ego death Serotonergic psychedelic Therapy History Acid Tests Albert Hofmann History of lysergic acid diethylamide Owsley Stanley Psychedelic era Summer of Love Timothy Leary William Leonard Pickard Law Drug policy of the Netherlands Drug liberalization Legality of cannabis Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms Legal status of Salvia divinorum Related topics Addiction Cannabis MDMA Philosophy of psychedelics Psychonautics Prohibition of drugs Rave Recreational drug use Surrealism Pharmacy and Pharmacology portal N, N - Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT or N, N - DMT ) is a tryptamine molecule which occurs in many plants and animals. It can be consumed as a powerful psychedelic drug and has historically been prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. Rick Strassman labeled it `` the spirit molecule ''. In most countries, DMT is illegal. DMT has a rapid onset, intense effects and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the `` businessman 's trip '' during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as LSD or magic mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled, injected, vaporized or ingested, and its effects depend on the dose. When inhaled or injected, the effects last a short period of time : about 5 to 15 minutes. Effects can last 3 hours or more when orally ingested along with an MAOI, such as the ayahuasca brew of many native Amazonian tribes. DMT can produce vivid `` projections '' of mystical experiences involving euphoria and dynamic hallucinations of geometric forms. DMT is a structural analog of serotonin and melatonin and a functional analog of other psychedelic tryptamines such as 4 - AcO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - HO - DMT, psilocybin ( 4 - PO - DMT ), and psilocin ( 4 - HO - DMT ). Contents 1 Usage 2 Effects 2.1 Subjective psychedelic experiences 2.1. 1 Reported encounters with external entities 2.2 Physical 2.3 Dependence liability 3 Routes of administration 3.1 Inhalation 3.2 Injection 3.3 Oral ingestion 4 History 5 Legal status 5.1 International law 5.2 By country and continent 5.2. 1 Asia 5.2. 2 Europe 5.2. 3 North America 5.2. 3.1 United States 5.2. 4 Oceania 5.2. 4.1 Australia 6 Chemistry 6.1 Biosynthesis 6.2 Laboratory synthesis 6.3 Clandestine manufacture 6.3. 1 Evidence in mammals 6.3. 1.1 Endogenous DMT 6.4 Detection in body fluids 6.4. 1 INMT 7 Conjecture 8 Pharmacology 8.1 Pharmacokinetics 8.2 Pharmacodynamics 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Usage DMT is produced in many species of plants often in conjunction with its close chemical relatives 5 - MeO - DMT and bufotenin ( 5 - OH - DMT ). DMT - containing plants are commonly used in South American shamanic practices. It is usually one of the main active constituents of the drink ayahuasca ; however, ayahuasca is sometimes brewed with plants that do not produce DMT. It occurs as the primary psychoactive alkaloid in several plants including Mimosa tenuiflora, Diplopterys cabrerana, and Psychotria viridis. DMT is found as a minor alkaloid in snuff made from Virola bark resin in which 5 - MeO - DMT is the main active alkaloid. DMT is also found as a minor alkaloid in bark, pods, and beans of Anadenanthera peregrina and Anadenanthera colubrina used to make Yopo and Vilca snuff in which bufotenin is the main active alkaloid. Psilocin and its precursor psilocybin, an active chemical in many psychedelic mushrooms, are structurally similar to DMT. The psychotropic effects of DMT were first studied scientifically by the Hungarian chemist and psychologist Dr. Stephen Szára, who performed research with volunteers in the mid-1950s. Szára, who later worked for the US National Institutes of Health, had turned his attention to DMT after his order for LSD from the Swiss company Sandoz Laboratories was rejected on the grounds that the powerful psychotropic could be dangerous in the hands of a communist country. DMT is generally not active orally unless it is combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ) such as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A ( RIMA ), for example, harmaline. Without an MAOI, the body quickly metabolizes orally administered DMT, and it therefore has no hallucinogenic effect unless the dose exceeds monoamine oxidase 's metabolic capacity. Other means of ingestion such as vaporizing, injecting, or insufflating the drug can produce powerful hallucinations for a short time ( usually less than half an hour ), as the DMT reaches the brain before it can be metabolized by the body 's natural monoamine oxidase. Taking a MAOI prior to vaporizing or injecting DMT prolongs and potentiates the effects. Effects Subjective psychedelic experiences Several scientific experimental studies have tried to measure subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness induced by drugs under highly controlled and safe conditions. In the 1990s, Rick Strassman and his colleagues conducted a five - year - long DMT study at the University of New Mexico. The results provided insight about the quality of subjective psychedelic experiences. In this study participants received the DMT dosage intravenously via injection and the findings suggested that different psychedelic experiences can occur, depending on the level of dosage. Lower doses ( 0.01 and 0.05 mg / kg ) produced somaesthetic and emotional responses, but not hallucinogenic experiences ( e.g., 0.05 mg / kg ) had mild mood elevating and calming properties ). In contrast, higher doses ( 0.2 and 0.4 mg / kg ) researchers labeled as `` hallucinogenic '' that elicited `` intensely colored, rapidly moving display of visual images, formed, abstract or both ''. Comparing to other sensory modalities the most affected was visual domain. Participants reported visual hallucinations, less auditory hallucinations and specific physical sensation progressing to a sense of bodily dissociation, as well as experiences of euphoria, calm, fear, and anxiety. Strassman also stressed the importance of the context where the drug has been taken. He claimed that DMT has no beneficial effects of itself, rather the context when and where people take it plays an important role. It appears that DMT can produce a hallucinogenic experience. It can induce a state or feeling to a person that he or she is able to `` communicate with other intelligent - life forms '' ( see `` Machine Elves '' ). High doses of DMT produce a hallucinatory state that involves sense of `` another intelligence '' that people sometimes describe as `` super-intelligent '', but `` emotionally detached ''. In 1995 Adolf Dittrich and Daniel Lamparter did a study where they found that DMT - induced altered state of consciousness ( ASC ) is strongly influenced by habitual, rather than situative factors. In the study researchers used three dimensions of the APZ questionnaire to describe ASC ( rating scales of ASC ). First, oceanic boundlessness ( OB ) refers to dissolution of ego boundaries mostly associated with positive emotions. Second, anxious ego - dissolution ( AED ) includes disorder of thoughts, loss of autonomy and self - control and third, visionary restructuralization ( VR ) that includes auditory and visual illusions, hallucinations. Results showed strong effects within first and third dimensions for all conditions, especially DMT and suggested strong intrastability of elicited reactions independently of the condition for the OB and VR scales. Importantly, the experiment was conducted in a safe laboratory environment. This particular setting had a certain influence on found results that might be very different outside the laboratory environment. Induced DMT experiences can include profound time - dilation, visual and auditory illusions, and other experiences that, by most firsthand accounts, defy verbal or visual description. Some users report intense erotic imagery and sensations and utilize the drug in a ritual sexual context. Reported encounters with external entities Entities perceived during DMT inebriation have been represented in diverse forms of psychedelic art. The term Machine Elf was coined by ethnobotanist Terence McKenna for the entities he encountered in DMT `` hyperspace '', also using terms like fractal elves, or self - transforming machine elves. McKenna first encountered the `` machine elves '' after smoking DMT in Berkeley in 1965. His subsequent speculations regarding the hyperdimensional space in which they were encountered, has inspired a great many artists and musicians, and the meaning of DMT entities has been a subject of considerable debate among participants in a networked cultural underground, enthused by McKenna 's effusive accounts of DMT hyperspace. Cliff Pickover has also written about the `` machine elf '' experience, in the book Sex, Drugs, Einstein, & Elves, while Rick Strassman notes many similarities between self - reports of his DMT study participants ' encounters with these `` entities '', and mythological descriptions of figures such as Chayot Ha Kodesh in Ancient religions. Strassman also argues for a similarity in his study participants ' descriptions of mechanized wheels, gears and machinery in these encounters, with those described in visions of encounters with the Living Creatures and Ophanim of the Hebrew Bible, noting they may stem from a common neuropsychopharmacological experience. Strassman argues that the `` external entities '' encountered in DMT experiences should be understood as analogous to certain forms of angels : `` The medieval Jewish philosophers whom I rely upon for understanding the Hebrew Bible text and its concept of prophecy portray angels as God 's intermediaries. That is, they perform a certain function for God. Within the context of my DMT research, I believe that the beings that volunteers see could be conceived of as angelic - that is, previously invisible, incorporeal spiritual forces that are engarbed or enclothed in a particular form - determined by the psychological and spiritual development of the volunteers - bringing a particular message or experience to that volunteer. '' Hallucinations of strange creatures had been reported by Szara in the Journal of Mental Science ( now the British Journal of Psychiatry ) ( 1958 ) `` Dimethyltryptamine Experiments with Psychotics '', Stephen Szara described how one of his subjects under the influence of DMT had experienced `` strange creatures, dwarves or something '' at the beginning of a DMT trip. Other researchers of the entities seemingly encountered by DMT users, describe them as `` entities '' or `` beings '' in humanoid as well as animal form, with descriptions of `` little people '' being common ( non-human gnomes, elves, imps, etc. ). This form of hallucination has been speculated to be the cause of alien abduction and extraterrestrial encounter experiences through endogenously - occurring DMT. Psychology Today writes : `` One of the most remarkable features of the DMT experience is the frequency with which users encounter non-human intelligences, often resembling aliens. '' The external `` entities '' consistently encountered in DMT user self - reports, are described in university studies as overwhelmingly giving the impression of being `` supremely powerful, wise and loving ''. However, their form is not consistent across experiences, and are reported in user experience as variously resembling extraterrestrial spirits or mystical gods, but also as clowns, elves and reptilian beings. Likening them to descriptions of rattling and chattering auditory phenomenon described in angel encounters with the mythical Hayyoth in the Book of Ezekiel, Rick Strassman notes that participants in his studies, when reporting encounters with the alleged entities, often described loud auditory hallucinations, such as one subject reporting typically `` the elves laughing or talking at high volume, chattering, twittering ''. Physical According to a dose - response study, `` dimethyltryptamine does slightly elevate blood pressure, heart rate, pupil diameter, and rectal temperature, in addition to elevating blood concentrations of beta - endorphin, corticotropin, cortisol, and prolactin. Growth hormone blood levels rise equally in response to all doses of DMT, and melatonin levels were unaffected. '' Dependence liability The dependence potential of DMT and the risk of sustained psychological disturbance are minimal when used for religious ceremonies. DMT, like most psychedelics, is considered to be neither addictive, nor toxic. Routes of administration Inhalation A standard dose for vaporized DMT is 20 - 40 mg. In general, this is inhaled in a few successive breaths. The effects last for a short period of time, usually 5 to 15 minutes, dependent on the dose. The onset after inhalation is very fast ( less than 45 seconds ) and peak effects are reached within a minute. In the 1960s, DMT was known as a `` businessman 's trip '' in the US because of the relatively short duration ( and rapid onset ) of action when inhaled. DMT can be inhaled using an e-cigarette. Injection In a study conducted from 1990 through 1995, University of New Mexico psychiatrist Rick Strassman found that some volunteers injected with high doses of DMT reported experiences with perceived alien entities. Usually, the reported entities were experienced as the inhabitants of a perceived independent reality that the subjects reported visiting while under the influence of DMT. In a September 2009 interview, Strassman described the effects on participants in the study. He stated that `` subjectively, the most interesting results were that high doses of DMT seemed to allow the consciousness of our volunteers to enter into non-corporeal, free - standing, independent realms of existence inhabited by beings of light who oftentimes were expecting the volunteers, and with whom the volunteers interacted. While ' typical ' near - death and mystical states occurred, they were relatively rare. '' Oral ingestion See also : Ayahuasca See also : Pharmahuasca Ayahuasca preparation DMT is broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase through a process called deamination, and is quickly inactivated orally unless combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ). The traditional South American beverage ayahuasca, or yage, is derived by boiling the ayahuasca vine ( Banisteriopsis caapi ) with leaves of one or more plants containing DMT, such as Psychotria viridis, Psychotria carthagenensis, or Diplopterys cabrerana. The Ayahuasca vine contains harmala alkaloids, highly active reversible inihibitors of monoamine oxidase A ( RIMAs ), rendering the DMT orally active by protecting it from deamination. A variety of different recipes are used to make the brew depending on the purpose of the ayahuasca session, or local availability of ingredients. Two common sources of DMT in the western US are reed canary grass ( Phalaris arundinacea ) and Harding grass ( Phalaris aquatica ). These invasive grasses contain low levels of DMT and other alkaloids but also contain gramine, which is toxic and difficult to separate. In addition, Jurema ( Mimosa tenuiflora ) shows evidence of DMT content : the pink layer in the inner rootbark of this small tree contains a high concentration of N, N - DMT. Taken orally with an RIMA, DMT produces a long lasting ( over 3 hour ), slow, deep metaphysical experience similar to that of psilocybin mushrooms, but more intense. RIMAs should be used with caution as they can have fatal interactions with some prescription drugs such as SSRI antidepressants, and some over-the - counter drugs known as sympathomimetics such as Ephedrine or certain cough medicines and even some herbal remedies. History DMT was first synthesized in 1931 by chemist Richard Helmuth Fredrick Manske ( born 1901 in Berlin, Germany -- 1977 ). In general, its discovery as a natural product is credited to Brazilian chemist and microbiologist Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima ( 1908 -- 1989 ) who, in 1946, isolated an alkaloid he named nigerina ( nigerine ) from the root bark of jurema preta, that is, Mimosa tenuiflora. However, in a careful review of the case Jonathan Ott shows that the empirical formula for nigerine determined by Gonçalves de Lima, which notably contains an atom of oxygen, can match only a partial, `` impure '' or `` contaminated '' form of DMT. It was only in 1959, when Gonçalves de Lima provided American chemists a sample of Mimosa tenuiflora roots, that DMT was unequivocally identified in this plant material. Less ambiguous is the case of isolation and formal identification of DMT in 1955 in seeds and pods of Anadenanthera peregrina by a team of American chemists led by Evan Horning ( 1916 -- 1993 ). Since 1955, DMT has been found in a host of organisms : in at least fifty plant species belonging to ten families, and in at least four animal species, including one gorgonian and three mammalian species. Another historical milestone is the discovery of DMT in plants frequently used by Amazonian natives as additive to the vine Banisteriopsis caapi to make ayahuasca decoctions. In 1957, American chemists Francis Hochstein and Anita Paradies identified DMT in an `` aqueous extract '' of leaves of a plant they named Prestonia amazonicum ( sic ) and described as `` commonly mixed '' with B. caapi. The lack of a proper botanical identification of Prestonia amazonica in this study led American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes ( 1915 -- 2001 ) and other scientists to raise serious doubts about the claimed plant identity. The mistake likely led William Burroughs to regard the DMT he experimented with in Tangier in 1961 as `` Prestonia ''. Better evidence was produced in 1965 by French pharmacologist Jacques Poisson, who isolated DMT as a sole alkaloid from leaves, provided and used by Aguaruna Indians, identified as having come from the vine Diplopterys cabrerana ( then known as Banisteriopsis rusbyana ). Published in 1970, the first identification of DMT in the plant Psychotria viridis, another common additive of ayahuasca, was made by a team of American researchers led by pharmacologist Ara der Marderosian. Not only did they detect DMT in leaves of P. viridis obtained from Kaxinawá indigenous people, but they also were the first to identify it in a sample of an ayahuasca decoction, prepared by the same indigenous people. In the 1990s, ethnobotanist and speaker Terence McKenna significantly helped popularize DMT across North America, Europe, Australia and elsewhere. Legal status International law DMT is classified as a Schedule I drug under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, meaning that international trade in DMT is supposed to be closely monitored ; use of DMT is supposed to be restricted to scientific research and medical use. Natural materials containing DMT, including ayahuasca, are not regulated under the 1971 Psychotropic Convention. By country and continent Asia Israel -- DMT is an illegal substance ; production, trade and possession are prosecuted as crimes. Europe France -- DMT, along with most of its plant sources, is classified as a stupéfiant ( narcotic ). Germany -- DMT is prohibited as a class I drug. Netherlands -- The drug is banned as it is classified as a List 1 Drug per the Opium Law. Production, trade and possession of DMT are prohibited. Russia -- Classified as a Schedule I narcotic. United Kingdom -- DMT is classified as a Class A drug. North America Canada -- DMT is classified as a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. United states DMT is classified in the United States as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. In December 2004, the Supreme Court lifted a stay, thereby allowing the Brazil - based União do Vegetal ( UDV ) church to use a decoction containing DMT in their Christmas services that year. This decoction is a tea made from boiled leaves and vines, known as hoasca within the UDV, and ayahuasca in different cultures. In Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, the Supreme Court heard arguments on November 1, 2005, and unanimously ruled in February 2006 that the U.S. federal government must allow the UDV to import and consume the tea for religious ceremonies under the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act. In September 2008, the three Santo Daime churches filed suit in federal court to gain legal status to import DMT - containing ayahuasca tea. The case, Church of the Holy Light of the Queen v. Mukasey, presided over by Judge Owen M. Panner, was ruled in favor of the Santo Daime church. As of March 21, 2009, a federal judge says members of the church in Ashland can import, distribute and brew ayahuasca. U.S. District Judge Owen Panner issued a permanent injunction barring the government from prohibiting or penalizing the sacramental use of `` Daime tea ''. Panner 's order said activities of The Church of the Holy Light of the Queen are legal and protected under freedom of religion. His order prohibits the federal government from interfering with and prosecuting church members who follow a list of regulations set out in his order. Oceania New Zealand -- DMT is classified as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. Australia DMT is listed as a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard ( October 2015 ). A schedule 9 drug is outlined in the Poisons Act 1964 as `` Substances which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of the CEO. '' Under the Misuse of Drugs act 1981 6.0 g of DMT is considered enough to determine a court of trial and 2.0 g is considered intent to sell and supply. Between 2011 and 2012, the Australian Federal Government was considering changes to the Australian Criminal Code that would classify any plants containing any amount of DMT as `` controlled plants ''. DMT itself was already controlled under current laws. The proposed changes included other similar blanket bans for other substances, such as a ban on any and all plants containing Mescaline or Ephedrine. The proposal was not pursued after political embarrassment on realisation that this would make the official Floral Emblem of Australia, Acacia pycnantha ( Golden Wattle ), illegal. The Therapeutic Goods Administration and federal authority had considered a motion to ban the same, but this was withdrawn in May 2012 ( as DMT may still hold potential entheogenic value to native and / or religious people ). Chemistry DMT crystals The DMT molecule contains a terminal secondary amine, which acts as a weak base with a pKa of approximately 10.5. Depending on the synthetic route, or extraction procedure, it is possible to isolate the free base or various salts obtained by protonation of the secondary amine. Common salts insluce the sulfate, the hydrochloride, the fumarate, the oxalate and the picrate. The free base and each salt has its own properties including CAS Number, stability, solubility, and melting point. Each salt will also have a different molecular weight, thus also changing the exact dosage as measured in weight. Biosynthesis Biosynthetic pathway for N, N - dimethyltryptamine Dimethyltryptamine is an indole alkaloid derived from the shikimate pathway. Its biosynthesis is relatively simple and summarized in the adjacent picture. In plants, the parent amino acid L - tryptophan is produced endogenously where in animals L - tryptophan is an essential amino acid coming from diet. No matter the source of L - tryptophan, the biosynthesis begins with its decarboxylation by an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase ( AADC ) enzyme ( step 1 ). The resulting decarboxylated tryptophan analog is tryptamine. Tryptamine then undergoes a transmethylation ( step 2 ) : the enzyme indolethylamine - N - methyltransferase ( INMT ) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from cofactor S - adenosyl - methionine ( SAM ), via nucleophilic attack, to tryptamine. This reaction transforms SAM into S - adenosylhomocysteine ( SAH ), and gives the intermediate product N - methyltryptamine ( NMT ). NMT is in turn transmethylated by the same process ( step 3 ) to form the end product N, N - dimethyltryptamine. Tryptamine transmethylation is regulated by two products of the reaction : SAH, and DMT were shown ex vivo to be among the most potent inhibitors of rabbit INMT activity. This transmethylation mechanism has been repeatedly and consistently proven by radiolabeling of SAM methyl group with carbon - 14 ( C - CH ) SAM ). Laboratory synthesis DMT can be synthesized through several possible pathways from different starting materials. Following Shulgin 's notes, the first synthesis starts with tryptamine followed by trimethylation using methyl iodide to obtain the trimethylammonium iodide salt. This is then demethylated using LiEt3BH to obtain DMT. The iodide salt of the trimethylammonium intermediate can be converted to the chloride salt followed by a different demethylation procedure. The second procedure avoids the over methylation of the amine and uses ethyl formate reacted with tryptamine for a double N - formylation. These are then reduced using lithium aluminum hydride to obtain the the dimethyl amine product. The third synthesis starts from indole and oxalyl chloride which forms indol - 3 - ylglyoxyl chloride. This is then reacted with dimethylamine followed by reduction using lithium aluminum hydride to obtain DMT. Depending on the final work - up the free base or any of its various salts may be obtained as products. Shulgin gives a procedure for obtaining the hydrochloride salt by dissolving DMT in diethyl ether followed by sparging with HCl gas. He also mentions the picrate, oxalate and fumarate salts. Clandestine manufacture DMT during various stages of purification In a clandestine setting, DMT is not typically synthesized due to the lack of availability of the starting materials, namely tryptamine and oxalyl chloride. It is more often extracted from plant sources using a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane due to the ease of ability of both the plant source and solvents, neither of which are controlled in most countries. Evidence in mammals Published in Science in 1961, Julius Axelrod found an N - methyltransferase enzyme capable of mediating biotransformation of tryptamine into DMT in a rabbit 's lung. This finding initiated a still ongoing scientific interest in endogenous DMT production in humans and other mammals. From then on, two major complementary lines of evidence have been investigated : localization and further characterization of the N - methyltransferase enzyme, and analytical studies looking for endogenously produced DMT in body fluids and tissues. In 2013 researchers first reported DMT in the pineal gland microdialysate of rodents. A study published in 2014 reported the biosynthesis of N, N - dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) in the human melanoma cell line SK - Mel - 147 including details on its metabolism by peroxidases. In a 2014 paper a group first demonstrated the immunomodulatory potential of DMT and 5 - MeO - DMT through the Sigma - 1 receptor of human immune cells. This immunomodulatory activity may contribute to significant anti-inflammatory effects and tissue regeneration. Endogenous DMT The first claimed detection of mammalian endogenous DMT was published in June 1965 : German researchers F. Franzen and H. Gross report to have evidenced and quantified DMT, along with its structural analog bufotenin ( 5 - HO - DMT ), in human blood and urine. In an article published four months later, the method used in their study was strongly criticized, and the credibility of their results challenged. Few of the analytical methods used prior to 2001 to measure levels of endogenously formed DMT had enough sensitivity and selectivity to produce reliable results. Gas chromatography, preferably coupled to mass spectrometry ( GC - MS ), is considered a minimum requirement. A study published in 2005 implements the most sensitive and selective method ever used to measure endogenous DMT : liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization ( LC - ESI - MS / MS ) allows for reaching limits of detection ( LODs ) 12 to 200 fold lower than those attained by the best methods employed in the 1970s. The data summarized in the table below are from studies conforming to the abovementioned requirements ( abbreviations used : CSF = cerebrospinal fluid ; LOD = limit of detection ; n = number of samples ; ng / L and ng / kg = nanograms ( 10 g ) per litre, and nanograms per kilogram, respectively ) : DMT in body fluids and tissues ( NB : units have been harmonized ) Species Sample Results Human Blood serum < LOD ( n = 66 ) Blood plasma < LOD ( n = 71 ) < LOD ( n = 38 ) ; 1,000 & 10,600 ng / L ( n = 2 ) Whole blood < LOD ( n = 20 ) ; 50 -- 790 ng / L ( n = 20 ) Urine < 100 ng / L ( n = 9 ) < LOD ( n = 60 ) ; 160 -- 540 ng / L ( n = 5 ) Detected in n = 10 by GC - MS Feces < 50 ng / kg ( n = 12 ) ; 130 ng / kg ( n = 1 ) Kidney 15 ng / kg ( n = 1 ) Lung 14 ng / kg ( n = 1 ) Lumbar CSF 100,370 ng / L ( n = 1 ) ; 2,330 -- 7,210 ng / L ( n = 3 ) ; 350 & 850 ng / L ( n = 2 ) Rat Kidney 12 &16 ng / kg ( n = 2 ) Lung 22 & 12 ng / kg ( n = 2 ) Liver 6 & 10 ng / kg ( n = 2 ) Brain 10 &15 ng / kg ( n = 2 ) Measured in synaptic vesicular fraction Rabbit Liver < 10 ng / kg ( n = 1 ) A 2013 study found DMT in microdialysate obtained from a rat 's pineal gland, providing evidence of endogenous DMT in the mammalian brain. Detection in body fluids DMT may be measured in blood, plasma or urine using chromatographic techniques as a diagnostic tool in clinical poisoning situations or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of suspicious deaths. In general, blood or plasma DMT levels in recreational users of the drug are in the 10 -- 30 μg / L range during the first several hours post-ingestion. Less than 0.1 % of an oral dose is eliminated unchanged in the 24 - hour urine of humans. INMT Before techniques of molecular biology were used to localize indolethylamine N - methyltransferase ( INMT ), characterization and localization went on a par : samples of the biological material where INMT is hypothesized to be active are subject to enzyme assay. Those enzyme assays are performed either with a radiolabeled methyl donor like ( C - CH ) SAM to which known amounts of unlabeled substrates like tryptamine are added or with addition of a radiolabeled substrate like ( C ) NMT to demonstrate in vivo formation. As qualitative determination of the radioactively tagged product of the enzymatic reaction is sufficient to characterize INMT existence and activity ( or lack of ), analytical methods used in INMT assays are not required to be as sensitive as those needed to directly detect and quantify the minute amounts of endogenously formed DMT ( see DMT subsection below ). The essentially qualitative method thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) was thus used in a vast majority of studies. Also, robust evidence that INMT can catalyze transmethylation of tryptamine into NMT and DMT could be provided with reverse isotope dilution analysis coupled to mass spectrometry for rabbit and human lung during the early 1970s. Selectivity rather than sensitivity proved to be an Achilles ' heel for some TLC methods with the discovery in 1974 -- 1975 that incubating rat blood cells or brain tissue with ( C - CH ) SAM and NMT as substrate mostly yields tetrahydro - β - carboline derivatives, and negligible amounts of DMT in brain tissue. It is indeed simultaneously realized that the TLC methods used thus far in almost all published studies on INMT and DMT biosynthesis are incapable to resolve DMT from those tetrahydro - β - carbolines. These findings are a blow for all previous claims of evidence of INMT activity and DMT biosynthesis in avian and mammalian brain, including in vivo, as they all relied upon use of the problematic TLC methods : their validity is doubted in replication studies that make use of improved TLC methods, and fail to evidence DMT - producing INMT activity in rat and human brain tissues. Published in 1978, the last study attempting to evidence in vivo INMT activity and DMT production in brain ( rat ) with TLC methods finds biotransformation of radiolabeled tryptamine into DMT to be real but `` insignificant ''. Capability of the method used in this latter study to resolve DMT from tetrahydro - β - carbolines is questioned later. To localize INMT, a qualitative leap is accomplished with use of modern techniques of molecular biology, and of immunohistochemistry. In humans, a gene encoding INMT is determined to be located on chromosome 7. Northern blot analyses reveal INMT messenger RNA ( mRNA ) to be highly expressed in rabbit lung, and in human thyroid, adrenal gland, and lung. Intermediate levels of expression are found in human heart, skeletal muscle, trachea, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, testis, prostate, placenta, lymph node, and spinal cord. Low to very low levels of expression are noted in rabbit brain, and human thymus, liver, spleen, kidney, colon, ovary, and bone marrow. INMT mRNA expression is absent in human peripheral blood leukocytes, whole brain, and in tissue from 7 specific brain regions ( thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra, and corpus callosum ). Immunohistochemistry showed INMT to be present in large amounts in glandular epithelial cells of small and large intestines. In 2011, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of INMT in primate nervous tissue including retina, spinal cord motor neurons, and pineal gland. Conjecture In the 1950s, the endogenous production of psychoactive agents was considered to be a potential explanation for the hallucinatory symptoms of some psychiatric diseases ; this is known as the transmethylation hypothesis. Several speculative and yet untested hypotheses suggest that endogenous DMT is produced in the human brain and is involved in certain psychological and neurological states. DMT is naturally occurring in small amounts in rat brain, human cerebrospinal fluid, and other tissues of humans and other mammals. A biochemical mechanism for this was proposed by the medical researcher J.C. Callaway, who suggested in 1988 that DMT might be connected with visual dream phenomena : brain DMT levels would be periodically elevated to induce visual dreaming and possibly other natural states of mind. A role of endogenous hallucinogens including DMT in higher level sensory processing and awareness was proposed by J.V. Wallach ( 2009 ) based on a hypothetical role of DMT as a neurotransmitter. In 2011, Nicholas V. Cozzi, of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, concluded that INMT, an enzyme that may be associated with the biosynthesis of DMT and endogenous hallucinogens, is present in the primate ( rhesus macaque ) pineal gland, retinal ganglion neurons, and spinal cord. Neurobiologist Andrew Gallimore ( 2013 ) suggested that while DMT might not have a modern neural function, it may have been an ancestral neuromodulator once secreted in psychedelic concentrations during REM sleep, a function now lost. Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics DMT peak level concentrations ( C ) measured in whole blood after intramuscular ( IM ) injection ( 0.7 mg / kg, n = 11 ) and in plasma following intravenous ( IV ) administration ( 0.4 mg / kg, n = 10 ) of fully psychedelic doses are in the range of ≈ 14 to 154 μg / L and 32 to 204 μg / L, respectively. The corresponding molar concentrations of DMT are therefore in the range of 0.074 -- 0.818 μM in whole blood and 0.170 -- 1.08 μM in plasma. However, several studies have described active transport and accumulation of DMT into rat and dog brain following peripheral administration. Similar active transport, and accumulation processes likely occur in human brain and may concentrate DMT in brain by several-fold or more ( relatively to blood ), resulting in local concentrations in the micromolar or higher range. Such concentrations would be commensurate with serotonin brain tissue concentrations, which have been consistently determined to be in the 1.5 - 4 μM range. Closely coextending with peak psychedelic effects, mean time to reach peak concentrations ( T ) was determined to be 10 -- 15 minutes in whole blood after IM injection, and 2 minutes in plasma after IV administration. When taken orally mixed in an ayahuasca decoction, and in freeze - dried ayahuasca gel caps, DMT T is considerably delayed : 107.59 ± 32.5 minutes, and 90 -- 120 minutes, respectively. The pharmacokinetics for vaporizing DMT have not been studied or reported. Pharmacodynamics DMT binds non-selectively with affinities < 0.6 μM to the following serotonin receptors : 5 - HT, 5 - HT, 5 - HT, 5 - HT, 5 - HT, 5 - HT, 5 - HT, and 5 - HT. An agonist action has been determined at 5 - HT, 5 - HT and 5 - HT. Its efficacies at other serotonin receptors remain to be determined. Of special interest will be the determination of its efficacy at human 5 - HT receptor as two in vitro assays evidenced DMT 's high affinity for this receptor : 0.108 μM and 0.184 μM. This may be of importance because chronic or frequent uses of serotonergic drugs showing preferential high affinity and clear agonism at 5 - HT receptor have been causally linked to valvular heart disease. It has also been shown to possess affinity for the dopamine D, α - adrenergic, α - adrenergic, imidazoline - 1, and σ receptors. Converging lines of evidence established activation of the σ receptor at concentrations of 50 -- 100 μM. Its efficacies at the other receptor binding sites are unclear. It has also been shown in vitro to be a substrate for the cell - surface serotonin transporter ( SERT ) and the intracellular vesicular monoamine transporter 2 ( VMAT2 ), inhibiting SERT - mediated serotonin uptake in human platelets at an average concentration of 4.00 ± 0.70 μM and VMAT2 - mediated serotonin uptake in vesicles ( of army worm Sf9 cells ) expressing rat VMAT2 at an average concentration of 93 ± 6.8 μM. As with other so - called `` classical hallucinogens '', a large part of DMT psychedelic effects can be attributed to a functionally selective activation of the 5 - HT receptor. DMT concentrations eliciting 50 % of its maximal effect ( half maximal effective concentration = EC or K ) at the human 5 - HT receptor in vitro are in the 0.118 -- 0.983 μM range. This range of values coincides well with the range of concentrations measured in blood and plasma after administration of a fully psychedelic dose ( see Pharmacokinetics ). As DMT has been shown to have slightly better efficacy ( EC ) at human serotonin 2C receptor than at the 2A receptor, 5 - HT is also likely implicated in DMT 's overall effects. Other receptors, such as 5 - HT σ, may also play a role. In 2009, it was hypothesized that DMT may be an endogenous ligand for the σ receptor. The concentration of DMT needed for σ activation in vitro ( 50 -- 100 μM ) is similar to the behaviorally active concentration measured in mouse brain of approximately 106 μM This is minimally 4 orders of magnitude higher than the average concentrations measured in rat brain tissue or human plasma under basal conditions ( see Endogenous DMT ), so σ receptors are likely to be activated only under conditions of high local DMT concentrations. If DMT is stored in synaptic vesicles, such concentrations might occur during vesicular release. To illustrate, while the average concentration of serotonin in brain tissue is in the 1.5 - 4 μM range, the concentration of serotonin in synaptic vesicles was measured at 270 mM. Following vesicular release, the resulting concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, to which serotonin receptors are exposed, is estimated to be about 300 μM. Thus, while in vitro receptor binding affinities, efficacies, and average concentrations in tissue or plasma are useful, they are not likely to predict DMT concentrations in the vesicles or at synaptic or intracellular receptors. Under these conditions, notions of receptor selectivity are moot, and it seems probable that most of the receptors identified as targets for DMT ( see above ) participate in producing its psychedelic effects. Binding Sites Binding Affinity Ki ( μM ) 5 - HT 0.075 5 - HT 0.237 5 - HT 0.424 6 6.3 α 1.3 α 2.1 TAAR 2.2 0.22 SERT 6 DAT 22 NET 6.5 See also DMT - N - oxide List of psychoactive plants Neurotransmitter Jonathan Ott Psychedelic drug Serotonergic psychedelic Alexander Shulgin Rick Strassman References Jump up ^ Häfelinger, G. ; Nimtz, M. ; Horstmann, V. ; Benz, T. ( 1999 ). `` Untersuchungen zur Trifluoracetylierung der Methylderivate von Tryptamin und Serotonin mit verschiedenen Derivatisierungsreagentien : Synthesen, Spektroskopie sowie analytische Trennungen mittels Kapillar - GC '' ( Trifluoracetylation of methylated derivatives of tryptamine and serotonin by different reagents : synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, and separations by capillary - gas - chromatography ). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 54 ( 3 ) : 397 -- 414. Jump up ^ Corothie, E ; Nakano, T ( 1969 ). `` Constituents of the bark of Virola sebifera ''. Planta Medica. 17 ( 2 ) : 184 -- 188. doi : 10.1055 / s - 0028 - 1099844. PMID 5792479. Jump up ^ Carbonaro, Theresa M. ; Gatch, Michael B. ( September 2016 ). `` Neuropharmacology of N, N - dimethyltryptamine ''. Brain Research Bulletin. 126 ( Pt 1 ) : 74 -- 88. doi : 10.1016 / j. brainresbull. 2016.04. 016. PMC 5048497. PMID 27126737. ^ Jump up to : McKenna, Dennis J. ; Towers, G.H.N. ; Abbott, F. ( April 1984 ). `` Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants : tryptamine and β - carboline constituents of ayahuasca ''. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 10 ( 2 ) : 195 -- 223. doi : 10.1016 / 0378 - 8741 ( 84 ) 90003 - 5. ISSN 0378 - 8741. PMID 6587171. Jump up ^ M.D, Rick Strassman ( 2000 ). DMT : The Spirit Molecule : A Doctor 's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near - Death and Mystical Experiences. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. ISBN 9781594779732. Jump up ^ Haroz, Rachel ; Greenberg, Michael I. ( November 2005 ). `` Emerging Drugs of Abuse ''. Medical Clinics of North America. 89 ( 6 ) : 1259 -- 76. doi : 10.1016 / j. mcna. 2005.06. 008. ISSN 0025 - 7125. OCLC 610327022. PMID 16227062. ^ Jump up to : Pickover, Cliff ( 2005 ). Sex, Drugs, Einstein, and Elves : Sushi, Psychedelics, Parallel Universes, and the Quest for Transcendence. Smart Publications. ISBN 978 - 1 - 890572 - 17 - 4. ^ Jump up to : `` Erowid DMT ( Dimethyltryptamine ) Vault ''. Erowid.org. Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 20. ^ Jump up to : Torres, Constantino Manuel ; Repke, David B. ( 2006 ). Anadenanthera : Visionary Plant Of Ancient South America. Binghamton, NY : Haworth Herbal. pp. 107 -- 122. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7890 - 2642 - 2. Jump up ^ Rivier, Laurent ; Lindgren, Jan - Erik ( 1972 ). `` ' Ayahuasca, ' the South American hallucinogenic drink : An ethnobotanical and chemical investigation ''. Economic Botany. 26 ( 2 ) : 101 -- 129. doi : 10.1007 / BF02860772. ISSN 0013 - 0001. Jump up ^ McKenna, Dennis J. ; Towers, G.H.N. ; Abbott, F. ( 1984 ). `` Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants : Tryptamine and β - carboline constituents of Ayahuasca ''. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 10 ( 2 ) : 195 -- 223. doi : 10.1016 / 0378 - 8741 ( 84 ) 90003 - 5. ISSN 0378 - 8741. PMID 6587171. Jump up ^ Ott J. ( 2001 ). `` Pharmañopo - psychonautics : human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine '' ( PDF ). Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 33 ( 3 ) : 273 -- 81. doi : 10.1080 / 02791072.2001. 10400574. PMID 11718320. ^ Jump up to : Strassman, Rick J. ( 2001 ). DMT : The Spirit Molecule. A Doctor 's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near - Death and Mystical Experiences. Rochester, VT : Park Street. ISBN 978 - 0 - 89281 - 927 - 0. ( `` Chapter summaries ''. Retrieved 27 February 2012. ) ^ Jump up to : Strassman R.J. ; Qualls C.R. ( February 1994 ). `` Dose - response study of N, N - dimethyltryptamine in humans. I. Neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cardiovascular effects ''. Archives of General Psychiatry. 51 ( 2 ) : 85 -- 97. doi : 10.1001 / archpsyc. 1994.03950020009001. PMID 8297216. ^ Jump up to : Lamparter, D. ; Dittrich, A. ( 1995 ). `` Intraindividuelle Stabilität von ABZ unter sensorischer Deprivation, N, N - Dimethyltryptamin ( DMT ) und Stickoxydul ''. Yearbook of the European College for the Study of Consciousness : 33 -- 44. Jump up ^ Vollenweider, F.X. ( 2001 ). `` Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens ''. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 3 ( 4 ) : 265 -- 279. PMC 3181663. PMID 22033605. ^ Jump up to : Salak, Kira. `` Hell and back ''. National Geographic Adventure. Jump up ^ `` 2C - B, DMT, You and Me ''. Maps. Retrieved 2007 - 01 - 13. Jump up ^ `` Entheogens & Visionary Medicine Pages ''. Miqel.com. Archived from the original on 2012 - 02 - 29. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 17. Jump up ^ Tramacchi, Des ( 2018 ). `` Meeting the DMT Trip Entities in Art ''. Kahpi. Retrieved 2018 - 10 - 22. Jump up ^ Strassman, Rick ( 2001 ). Dmt : the Spirit Molecule : A Doctor 's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of near - Death and Mystical Experiences. pp. 187 -- 8, also pp. 173 -- 4. ISBN 978 - 0 - 89281 - 927 - 0. I had expected to hear about some of these types of experiences once we began giving DMT. I was familiar with Terence McKenna 's tales of the `` self - transforming machine elves '' he encountered after smoking high doses of the drug. Interviews conducted with twenty experienced DMT smokers before beginning the New Mexico research also yielded some tales of similar meetings with such entities. Since most of these people were from California, I admittedly chalked up these stories to some kind of West Coast eccentricity Jump up ^ McKenna, Terence ( 1975 ). The Invisible Landscape : Mind, Hallucinogens and the I Ching. Jump up ^ Graham St John ( 2015 ). Mystery School in Hyperspace : A Cultural History of DMT, North Atlantic Books / Evolver. ISBN 1583947329. Berkeley, CA. chapters 4, 8, and 12. Jump up ^ DMT and the Soul of Prophecy : A New Science of Spiritual Revelation in the Hebrew Bible, Rick Strassman, ( Simon and Schuster 2014 ) Jump up ^ DMT and the Soul of Prophecy : A New Science of Spiritual Revelation in the Hebrew Bible, Rick Strassman, ( Simon and Schuster 2014 ) Jump up ^ Interview : Dr. Rick Strassman / AVI SOLOMON / 6 : 39 AM TUE MAY 3, 2011 Jump up ^ Hanks, Micah A. ( 10 September 2010 ). `` Causal Multiplicity : The Science Behind Schizophrenia ''. Jump up ^ Gallimore A.R. ; Luke D.P. ( 15 December 2015 ). `` DMT research from 1956 to the edge of time '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ Gallimore, A ( 2013 ). `` Evolutionary Implications of the Astonishing Psychoactive Effects of N, N - Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) ''. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 27 : 455 -- 503. Jump up ^ Luke, D. ( 2011 ). `` Discarnate entities and dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) : Psychopharmacology, phenomenology and ontology ''. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 75 ( 902 ) : 26 -- 42. Jump up ^ Luke, D.P. ( 2012 ). `` Psychoactive substances and paranormal phenomena : A comprehensive review '' ( PDF ). International Journal of Transpersonal Studies. 31 : 97 -- 156. doi : 10.24972 / ijts. 2012.31. 1.97. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2013 - 10 - 05. Jump up ^ DMT, Aliens, and Reality -- Part 1 Scott A. McGreal MSc. Oct 01, 2012 Jump up ^ Mysterious Minds : The Neurobiology of Psychics, Mediums, and Other Extraordinary People, ( ABC - CLIO 2009 ), Stanley Krippner Ph. D., Harris L. Friedman, page 172 Jump up ^ Mysterious Minds : The Neurobiology of Psychics, Mediums, and Other Extraordinary People, ( ABC - CLIO 2009 ), Stanley Krippner Ph. D., Harris L. Friedman, page 172 Jump up ^ DMT and the Soul of Prophecy : A New Science of Spiritual Revelation in the Hebrew Bible, Rick Strassman, ( Simon and Schuster 2014 ) Jump up ^ Robert S. Gable ( 2007 ). `` Risk assessment of ritual use of oral dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) and harmala alkaloids '' ( PDF ). Addiction. 102 ( 1 ) : 24 -- 34. CiteSeerX 10.1. 1.655. 8494. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1360 - 0443.2006. 01652. x. PMID 17207120. Jump up ^ `` DMT Dosage ''. Erowid. Retrieved 25 June 2018. Jump up ^ Haroz, Rachel ; Greenberg, Michael I. ( November 2005 ). `` Emerging Drugs of Abuse ''. Medical Clinics of North America. 89 ( 6 ) : 1259 -- 76. doi : 10.1016 / j. mcna. 2005.06. 008. ISSN 0025 - 7125. OCLC 610327022. PMID 16227062. Use of DMT was first encountered in the United States in the 1960s, when it was known as a ' businessman 's trip ' because of the rapid onset of action when smoked ( 2 to 5 minutes ) and short duration of action ( 20 minutes to 1 hour ). Jump up ^ Hamill, Jasper. `` Digital druggies turn electronic cigarettes into ' psychedelic crack ' pipes ''. Daily Mirror. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Jump up ^ `` Dr. Rick Strassman interview : DMT and near - death experiences shed light on spirit - brain relationship - National near death experiences Examiner.com ''. 2013 - 07 - 12. 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DMT chapter from TiHKAL Hallucinogens Psychedelics ( 5 - HT agonists ) Benzofurans 2C - B - FLY 2CBFly - NBOMe 5 - MeO - BFE 5 - MeO - DiBF Bromo - DragonFLY F - 2 F - 22 TFMFly Lyserg ‐ amides 1P - ETH - LAD 1P - LSD 2 - Butyllysergamide 3 - Pentyllysergamide AL - LAD ALD - 52 BU - LAD Diallyllysergamide Dimethyllysergamide Ergometrine ETH - LAD IP - LAD LAE - 32 LPD - 824 LSA LSD LSD - Pip LSH LSM - 775 LSZ Methylergometrine Methylisopropyllysergamide Methysergide MLD - 41 PARGY - LAD PRO-LAD Phenethyl ‐ amines 2C - x 2C - B 2C - B - AN 2C - Bn 2C - Bu 2C - C 2C - CN 2C - CP 2C - D 2C - E 2C - EF 2C - F 2C - G 2C - G - 1 2C - G - 2 2C - G - 3 2C - G - 4 2C - G - 5 2C - G - 6 2C - G-N 2C - H 2C - I 2C - iP 2C - N 2C - NH2 2C - O 2C - O - 4 2C - P 2C - Ph 2C - SE 2C - T 2C - T - 2 2C - T - 3 2C - T - 4 2C - T - 5 2C - T - 6 2C - T - 7 2C - T - 8 2C - T - 9 2C - T - 10 2C - T - 11 2C - T - 12 2C - T - 13 2C - T - 14 2C - T - 15 2C - T - 16 2C - T - 17 2C - T - 18 2C - T - 19 2C - T - 20 2C - T - 21 2C - T - 22 2C - T - 22.5 2C - T - 23 2C - T - 24 2C - T - 25 2C - T - 27 2C - T - 28 2C - T - 30 2C - T - 31 2C - T - 32 2C - T - 33 2C - TFE 2C - TFM 2C - YN 2C - V 25x - NBx 25x - NB3OMe 25B - NB3OMe 25C - NB3OMe 25D - NB3OMe 25E - NB3OMe 25H - NB3OMe 25I - NB3OMe 25N - NB3OMe 25P - NB3OMe 25T2 - NB3OMe 25T4 - NB3OMe 25T7 - NB3OMe 25TFM - NB3OMe 25x - NB4OMe 25B - NB4OMe 25C - NB4OMe 25D - NB4OMe 25E - NB4OMe 25H - NB4OMe 25I - NB4OMe 25N - NB4OMe 25P - NB4OMe 25T2 - NB4OMe 25T4 - NB4OMe 25T7 - NB4OMe 25TFM - NB4OMe 25x - NBF 25B - NBF 25C - NBF 25D - NBF 25E - NBF 25H - NBF 25I - NBF 25P - NBF 25T2 - NBF 25T7 - NBF 25TFM - NBF 25x - NBMD 25B - NBMD 25C - NBMD 25D - NBMD 25E - NBMD 25F - NBMD 25H - NBMD 25I - NBMD 25P - NBMD 25T2 - NBMD 25T7 - NBMD 25TFM - NBMD 25x - NBOH 25B - NBOH 25C - NBOH 25CN - NBOH 25D - NBOH 25E - NBOH 25F - NBOH 25H - NBOH 25I - NBOH 25P - NBOH 25T2 - NBOH 25T7 - NBOH 25TFM - NBOH 25x - NBOMe 25B - NBOMe 25C - NBOMe 25CN - NBOMe 25D - NBOMe 25E - NBOMe 25F - NBOMe 25G - NBOMe 25H - NBOMe 25I - NBOMe 25iP - NBOMe 25N - NBOMe 25P - NBOMe 25T2 - NBOMe 25T4 - NBOMe 25T7 - NBOMe 25TFM - NBOMe Atypical structures 25I - NB34MD 2CBCB - NBOMe 2CBFly - NBOMe NBOMe - mescaline 3C - x 3C - AL 3C - BZ 3C - DFE 3C - E 3C - P 4C - x 4C - B 4C - D 4C - T - 2 DOx DOT DOB DOC DOEF DOET DOF DOI DOiPR DOM DON DOPR DOTFM MEM HOT - x HOT - 2 HOT - 7 HOT - 17 MDxx DMMDA DMMDA - 2 Lophophine MDA MMDA MMDA - 2 MMDA - 3a MMDMA Mescaline ( subst. ) 2 - Bromomescaline 3 - TE 4 - TE 3 - TM 4 - TM Allylescaline Asymbescaline Buscaline Cyclopropylmescaline Difluoromescaline Difluoroescaline Escaline Fluoroproscaline Isobuscaline Isoproscaline Jimscaline Mescaline Metaescaline Methallylescaline Proscaline Thioproscaline Trifluoroescaline Trifluoromescaline TMAs TMA TMA - 2 TMA - 3 TMA - 4 TMA - 5 TMA - 6 Others 2C - B - BUTTERFLY 2C - B - DragonFLY 2CB - 5 - hemifly 2 - TOM 5 - TOET 5 - TOM 2CB - Ind 2CD - 5EtO BOB BOD βk - 2C - B βk - 2C - I DESOXY DMCPA DMBMPP DOB - FLY Fenfluramine Ganesha Macromerine MMA TCB - 2 TOMSO Piperazines BZP pFPP Tryptamines alpha - alkyltryptamines 4, 5 - DHP - α - MT 5 - MeO - α - ET 5 - MeO - α - MT α - ET α - MT x - DALT ( Daltocin ) 4 - HO - DALT ( Daltacetin ) 4 - AcO - DALT 5 - MeO - DALT DALT x - DET ( Ethacetin ) 4 - AcO - DET ( Ethocin ) 4 - HO - DET 5 - MeO - DET ( T - 9 ) DET ( Ethocybin ) 4 - PO - DET x - DiPT ( Ipracetin ) 4 - AcO - DiPT ( Iprocin ) 4 - HO - DiPT 5 - MeO - DiPT DiPT x - DMT 4, 5 - DHP - DMT 2, N, N - TMT 4 - AcO - DMT 4 - HO - 5 - MeO - DMT 4, N, N - TMT 4 - Propionyloxy - DMT 5, 6 - diBr - DMT 5 - AcO - DMT 5 - Bromo - DMT 5 - MeO - 2, N, N - TMT 5 - MeO - 4, N, N - TMT 5 - MeO - α, N, N - TMT 5 - MeO - DMT 5 - N, N - TMT 7, N, N - TMT α, N, N - TMT ( Bufotenin ) 5 - HO - DMT DMT Norbaeocystin ( Psilocin ) 4 - HO - DMT ( Psilocybin ) 4 - PO - DMT x - DPT ( Depracetin ) 4 - AcO - DPT ( Deprocin ) 4 - HO - DPT 5 - MeO - DPT ( The Light ) DPT Ibogaine - related 18 - MAC 18 - MC Coronaridine Ibogaine Ibogamine ME - 18 - MC Noribogaine Tabernanthine Voacangine x - MET ( Metocin ) 4 - HO - MET ( Metocetin ) 4 - AcO - MET 5 - MeO - MET MET x - MiPT ( Mipracetin ) 4 - AcO - MiPT ( Miprocin ) 4 - HO - MiPT 5 - Me - MiPT ( Moxy ) 5 - MeO - MiPT MiPT Others 4 - HO - DBT 4 - HO - EPT 4 - HO - McPT ( Lucigenol ) 4 - HO - MPMI ( Meprocin ) 4 - HO - MPT 5 - MeO - EiPT 5 - MeO - MALT 5 - MeO - MPMI Aeruginascin Baeocystin DBT DCPT EiPT EPT MPT PiPT Others 5 - MeO - DiBF AL - 38022A ALPHA Dimemebfe Efavirenz Lorcaserin M - ALPHA RH - 34 Also empathogens in general ( e.g. : 5 - APB, 5 - MAPB, 6 - APB and other substituted benzofurans, MDAI, MDMA ). Dissociatives ( NMDAR antagonists ) Arylcyclo ‐ hexylamines Ketamine - related 2 - Fluorodeschloroketamine Arketamine ( ( R ) - ketamine ) Deschloroketamine Ethketamine ( N - Ethylnorketamine ) Esketamine ( ( S ) - ketamine ) Ketamine Methoxetamine Methoxmetamine Methoxyketamine Norketamine Tiletamine PCP - related 3 ' - HO - PCP 3 ' - MeO - PCE 3 ' - MeO - PCMo 3 ' - MeO - PCP BDPC Dieticyclidine ( PCDE ) Eticyclidine ( PCE ) Methoxydine ( 4 ' - MeO - PCP ) PCPr Phencyclidine ( PCP ) Rolicyclidine ( PCPy ) Tenocyclidine ( TCP ) Others BTCP Gacyclidine PRE-084 Diarylethylamines Diphenidine Ephenidine Fluorolintane Methoxphenidine Morphinans Dextrallorphan Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Racemethorphan Racemorphan Others 2 - EMSB 2 - MDP 8A - PDHQ Aptiganel Budipine Delucemine Dexoxadrol Dizocilpine Etoxadrol Herkinorin Ibogaine Midafotel NEFA Neramexane Nitrous oxide Noribogaine Perzinfotel RB - 64 Remacemide Salvinorin A Selfotel Xenon Deliriants ( mAChR antagonists ) Atropine Benactyzine Benzatropine Benzydamine Biperiden BRN - 1484501 Brompheniramine BZ CAR - 226,086 CAR - 301,060 CAR - 302,196 CAR - 302,282 CAR - 302,368 CAR - 302,537 CAR - 302,668 Chloropyramine Chlorphenamine Clemastine CS - 27349 Cyclizine Cyproheptadine Dicycloverine Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Ditran Doxylamine EA - 3167 EA - 3443 EA - 3580 EA - 3834 Elemicin Flavoxate Hyoscyamine JB - 318 JB - 336 Meclozine Mepyramine Myristicin Orphenadrine Oxybutynin Pheniramine Phenyltoloxamine Procyclidine Promethazine Scopolamine Tolterodine Trihexyphenidyl Tripelennamine Triprolidine WIN - 2299 Others Cannabinoids ( CB agonists ) Natural THC ( Dronabinol ) THCV Synthetic AM - x AM - 087 AM - 251 AM - 279 AM - 281 AM - 356 AM - 374 AM - 381 AM - 404 AM - 411 AM - 630 AM - 661 AM - 678 AM - 679 AM - 694 AM - 735 AM - 855 AM - 881 AM - 883 AM - 905 AM - 906 AM - 919 AM - 926 AM - 938 AM - 1116 AM - 1172 AM - 1220 AM - 1221 AM - 1235 AM - 1241 AM - 1248 AM - 1710 AM - 1714 AM - 1902 AM - 2201 AM - 2212 AM - 2213 AM - 2232 AM - 2233 AM - 2389 AM - 3102 AM - 4030 AM - 4054 AM - 4056 AM - 4113 AM - 6545 CP x CP 47,497 CP 55,244 CP 55,940 ( ± ) - CP 55,940 ( + ) - CP 55,940 ( - ) - CP 55,940 HU - x HU - 210 HU - 211 HU - 239 HU - 243 HU - 308 HU - 320 HU - 331 HU - 336 HU - 345 JWH - x JWH - 007 JWH - 015 JWH - 018 JWH - 019 JWH - 030 JWH - 047 JWH - 048 JWH - 051 JWH - 057 JWH - 073 JWH - 081 JWH - 098 JWH - 116 JWH - 120 JWH - 122 JWH - 133 JWH - 139 JWH - 147 JWH - 148 JWH - 149 JWH - 149 JWH - 161 JWH - 164 JWH - 166 JWH - 167 JWH - 171 JWH - 175 JWH - 176 JWH - 181 JWH - 182 JWH - 184 JWH - 185 JWH - 192 JWH - 193 JWH - 193 JWH - 194 JWH - 195 JWH - 196 JWH - 197 JWH - 198 JWH - 199 JWH - 200 JWH - 203 JWH - 205 JWH - 210 JWH - 210 JWH - 213 JWH - 220 JWH - 229 JWH - 234 JWH - 249 JWH - 250 JWH - 251 JWH - 253 JWH - 258 JWH - 300 JWH - 302 JWH - 307 JWH - 336 JWH - 350 JWH - 359 JWH - 387 JWH - 398 JWH - 424 Misc. designer cannabinoids 4 - HTMPIPO 5F - AB - FUPPYCA 5F - AB - PINACA 5F - ADB 5F - ADB - PINACA 5F - ADBICA 5F - AMB 5F - APINACA 5F - CUMYL - PINACA 5F - NNE1 5F - PB - 22 5F - SDB - 006 A-796,260 A-836,339 AB - 001 AB - 005 AB - CHFUPYCA AB - CHMINACA AB - FUBINACA AB - PINACA ADAMANTYL - THPINACA ADB - CHMINACA ADB - FUBINACA ADB - PINACA ADBICA ADSB - FUB - 187 AMB - FUBINACA APICA APINACA APP - FUBINACA CB - 13 CUMYL - PICA CUMYL - PINACA CUMYL - THPINACA DMHP EAM - 2201 FAB - 144 FDU - PB - 22 FUB - 144 FUB - APINACA FUB - JWH - 018 FUB - PB - 22 FUBIMINA JTE 7 - 31 JTE - 907 Levonantradol MDMB - CHMICA MDMB - CHMINACA MDMB - FUBINACA MEPIRAPIM MAM - 2201 MDA - 19 MN - 18 MN - 25 NESS - 0327 NESS - 040C5 Nabilone Nabitan NM - 2201 NNE1 Org 28611 Parahexyl PTI - 1 PTI - 2 PX - 1 PX - 2 PX - 3 QUCHIC QUPIC RCS - 4 RCS - 8 SDB - 005 SDB - 006 STS - 135 THC - O - acetate THC - O - phosphate THJ - 018 THJ - 2201 UR - 144 WIN 55,212 - 2 XLR - 11 D agonists Apomorphine Aporphine Bromocriptine Cabergoline Lisuride Memantine Nuciferine Pergolide Phenethylamine Piribedil Pramipexole Ropinirole Rotigotine Salvinorin A Also indirect D agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors ( cocaine, methylphenidate ), releasing agents ( amphetamine, methamphetamine ), and precursors ( levodopa ). GABA enhancers CI - 966 Eszopiclone Ibotenic acid Muscimol ( Amanita muscaria ) Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone Inhalants ( Mixed MOA ) Aliphatic hydrocarbons Butane Gasoline Kerosene Propane Aromatic hydrocarbons Toluene Ethers Diethyl ether Enflurane Haloalkanes Chlorofluorocarbons Chloroform κOR agonists 2 - EMSB Alazocine Bremazocine Butorphan Butorphanol Cyclazocine Cyclorphan Cyprenorphine Diprenorphine Enadoline Herkinorin Heroin HZ - 2 Ibogaine Ketazocine Levallorphan Levomethorphan Levorphanol LPK - 26 Metazocine Morphine Nalbuphine Nalmefene Nalorphine Noribogaine Oxilorphan Pentazocine Phenazocine Proxorphan Racemethorphan Racemorphan Salvinorin A Spiradoline Tifluadom U-50488 U-69,593 Xorphanol Others Glaucine Isoaminile Noscapine Pukateine Neurotransmitters Amino acid - derived Major excitatory / inhibitory systems : Glutamate system : Agmatine Aspartic acid ( aspartate ) Cycloserine Glutamic acid ( glutamate ) Glutathione Glycine GSNO GSSG Kynurenic acid NAA NAAG Proline Serine ; GABA system : GABA GABOB GHB ; Glycine system : α - Alanine β - Alanine Glycine Hypotaurine Proline Sarcosine Serine Taurine ; GHB system : GHB T - HCA ( GHC ) Biogenic amines : Monoamines : 6 - OHM Dopamine Epinephrine ( adrenaline ) NAS ( normelatonin ) Norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) ; Trace amines : 3 - Iodothyronamine N - Methylphenethylamine N - Methyltryptamine m - Octopamine p - Octopamine Phenylethanolamine Phenethylamine Synephrine Tryptamine m - Tyramine p - Tyramine ; Others : Histamine Neuropeptides : See here instead. Lipid - derived Endocannabinoids : 2 - AG 2 - AGE ( noladin ether ) 2 - ALPI 2 - OG AA - 5 - HT Anandamide ( AEA ) DEA LPI NADA NAGly OEA Oleamide PEA RVD - Hpα SEA Virodhamine ( O - AEA ) Neurosteroids : See here instead. Nucleobase - derived Nucleosides : Adenosine system : Adenosine ADP AMP ATP Vitamin - derived Cholinergic system : Acetylcholine Miscellaneous Gasotransmitters : Carbon monoxide ( CO ) Hydrogen sulfide ( H S ) Nitric oxide ( NO ) ; Candidates : Acetaldehyde Ammonia ( NH ) Carbonyl sulfide ( COS ) Nitrous oxide ( N O ) Sulfur dioxide ( SO ) Serotonin receptor modulators 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione, vilazodone, vortioxetine ) Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, lurasidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone ) Azapirones ( e.g., buspirone, eptapirone, gepirone, perospirone, tandospirone ) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY - 14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) F - 11461 F - 12826 F - 13714 F - 14679 F - 15063 F - 15599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Lesopitron LY - 293284 LY - 301317 mCPP MKC - 242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU - 24969 S - 14506 S - 14671 S - 15535 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SSR - 181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, DMT, indorenate, N - Me - 5 - HT, psilocin, psilocybin ) TGBA01AD U-92016A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., iloperidone, risperidone, sertindole ) AV965 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, cyanopindolol, iodocyanopindolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindobind, pindolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) BMY - 7378 CSP - 2503 Dotarizine Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) Flopropione GR - 46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) MPPF NAN - 190 Robalzotan S - 15535 SB - 649915 SDZ 216 - 525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH - 301 WAY - 100135 WAY - 100635 Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : CGS - 12066A CP - 93129 CP - 94253 CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) mCPP RU - 24969 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) TFMPP Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, DMT ) Vortioxetine Antagonists : AR - A000002 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Isamoltane LY - 393558 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) SB - 216641 SB - 224289 SB - 236057 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lisuride ) 5 - HT Agonists : CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 CP - 286601 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LSD, methysergide ) GR - 46611 L - 694247 L - 772405 mCPP PNU - 109291 PNU - 142633 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TGBA01AD Triptans ( e.g., almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - Et - DMT, 5 - MT, 5 - ( nonyloxy ) tryptamine, DMT ) Antagonists : Alniditan BRL - 15572 Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Ketanserin LY - 310762 LY - 367642 LY - 393558 LY - 456219 LY - 456220 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, lysergol, pergolide ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 Ergolines ( e.g., methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., tryptamine ) Antagonists : Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 CP - 122,288 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) methysergide ) Lasmiditan LY - 334370 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - MT ) Antagonists : Mianserin Metitepine ( methiothepin ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 25H / NB series ( e.g., 25I - NBF, 25I - NBMD, 25I - NBOH, 25I - NBOMe, 25B - NBOMe, 25C - NBOMe, 25TFM - NBOMe, 2CBCB - NBOMe, 25CN - NBOH, 2CBFly - NBOMe ) 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 2C - B - FLY 2CB - Ind 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) AL - 34662 AL - 37350A Bromo - DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., 1P - LSD, ALD - 52, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ergine ( LSA ), ergometrine ( ergonovine ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), pergolide ) Flumexadol Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) O - 4310 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 RH - 34 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, quipazine, TFMPP ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TCB - 2 TFMFly Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Antagonists : 5 - I - R91150 5 - MeO - NBpBrT AC - 90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines ( e.g., cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, perlapine ) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amperozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, brexpiprazole, carpipramine, clocapramine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, gevotroline, iloperidone, lurasidone, melperone, mosapramine, ocaperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, zicronapine, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Cinanserin CSP - 2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML - 010 Landipirdine LY - 393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin ( VVZ - 149 ) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin Roluperidone S - 14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, triazoledione, trazodone ) SR - 46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, prochlorperazine, setoperone, spiperone, spiramide, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine ) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergotamine, nicergoline ) 5 - HT Agonists : 4 - Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines ( e.g., chlorphentermine, cloforex, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, levofenfluramine, norfenfluramine ) BW - 723C86 DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, ( MMDA ( drug ) Antagonists : Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, N - desalkylquetiapine ( norquetiapine ), N - desmethylclozapine ( norclozapine ), olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone ) Cyproheptadine EGIS - 7625 Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, lisuride, LY - 53857, LY - 272015, mesulergine ) Ketanserin LY - 393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX - 08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS - 127445 Sarpogrelate SB - 200646 SB - 204741 SB - 206553 SB - 215505 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SDZ SER - 082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine ) TIK - 301 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) A-372159 AL - 38022A Alstonine CP - 809101 Dimemebfe DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., ALD - 52, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergine ( LSA ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, pergolide ) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) MK - 212 Org 12962 Org 37684 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., aripiprazole, BZP, mCPP, quipazine, TFMPP ) PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 Ro60 - 0175 Ro60 - 0213 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Vabicaserin WAY - 629 WAY - 161503 YM - 348 Antagonists : Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR - 260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS - 102221 S - 14671 SB - 200646 SB - 206553 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SB - 242084 SB - 243213 SDZ SER - 082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) TIK - 301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine, pimozide, pipamperone, thioridazine ) Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : Alcohols ( e.g., butanol, ethanol ( alcohol ), trichloroethanol ) m - CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, mCPP, quipazine ) RS - 56812 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SR - 57227 SR - 57227A Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - CT, bufotenidine ( 5 - HTQ ) ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., halothane, isoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane ) YM - 31636 Antagonists : Alosetron Arazasetron AS - 8112 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine ) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron ( MDL - 72222 ) Bupropion Cilansetron CSP - 2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Hydroxybupropion ICS - 205930 Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., loxapine ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, xenon ) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron Unknown / unsorted : LY - 53857 Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 5 - MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ - 033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX - 03140 Renzapride RS - 67333 RS - 67506 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tegaserod Velusetrag Zacopride Antagonists : GR - 113808 GR - 125487 L - Lysine Piboserod RS - 39604 RS - 67532 SB - 203186 SB - 204070 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), ergotamine, LSD ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT ) Valerenic Acid Antagonists : Asenapine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 699551 Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline, methysergide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, Bufotenin, E-6801, E-6837, EMD - 386088, EMDT, LY - 586713, N - Me - 5 - HT, tryptamine ) WAY - 181187 WAY - 208466 Antagonists : ABT - 354 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, tiospirone ) AVN - 101 AVN - 211 AVN - 322 AVN - 397 BGC20 - 760 BVT - 5182 BVT - 74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS - 12233 GW - 742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MS - 245 PRX - 07034 Ritanserin Ro 04 - 6790 Ro 63 - 0563 SB - 258585 SB - 271046 SB - 357134 SB - 399885 SB - 742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), bromocriptine, lergotrile, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT AS - 19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines ( e.g., LSD ) LP - 12 LP - 44 RU - 24969 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., frovatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, N - Me - 5 - HT ) Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, tiospirone, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Butaclamol DR - 4485 EGIS - 12233 Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), amesergide, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) JNJ - 18038683 Ketanserin LY - 215840 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 258719 SB - 258741 SB - 269970 SB - 656104 SB - 656104A SB - 691673 SLV - 313 SLV - 314 Spiperone SSR - 181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., acetophenazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, loxapine, pimozide ) Vortioxetine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Adrenergics Dopaminergics Melatonergics Monoamine reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Monoamine releasing agents DRAs Morpholines : Fenbutrazate Fenmetramide Morazone Morforex Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Pseudophenmetrazine Oxazolines : 4 - MAR Aminorex Clominorex Cyclazodone Fenozolone Fluminorex Pemoline Thozalinone Phenethylamines : 2 - OH - PEA 4 - CAB 4 - FA 4 - FMA 4 - MA 4 - MMA Alfetamine Amfecloral Amfepentorex Amfepramone Amphetamine ( Dextroamphetamine Levoamphetamine ) Amphetaminil β - Me - PEA BDB BOH Benzphetamine Buphedrone Butylone Cathine Cathinone Clobenzorex Clortermine D - Deprenyl DMA DMMA Dimethylamphetamine Ephedrine Ethcathinone EBDB Ethylone Etilamfetamine Famprofazone Fenethylline Fenproporex Flephedrone Fludorex Furfenorex Hordenine 4 - Hydroxyamphetamine Iofetamine ( 123I ) Lophophine Mefenorex Mephedrone Metamfepramone Methamphetamine Dextromethamphetamine Levomethamphetamine Methcathinone Methedrone MMDA MMDMA MBDB MDA ( tenamfetamine ) MDEA MDMA ( midomafetamine ) MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Methylone Morforex Ortetamine pBA pCA pIA Pholedrine Phenethylamine Pholedrine Phenpromethamine Prenylamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Tiflorex Tyramine Xylopropamine Zylofuramine Piperazines : 2C - B - BZP BZP MBZP MDBZP MeOPP oMPP Others : 2 - ADN 2 - AI 2 - AT 4 - BP 5 - APDI 5 - IAI Amineptine Clofenciclan Cyclopentamine Cypenamine Cyprodenate Feprosidnine Gilutensin Heptaminol Hexacyclonate Indanorex Isometheptene Methylhexanamine Naphthylaminopropane Octodrine Phthalimidopropiophenone Phenylbiguanide Propylhexedrine Levopropylhexedrine NRAs Morpholines : Fenbutrazate Fenmetramide Morazone Morforex Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Pseudophenmetrazine Oxazolines : 4 - MAR Aminorex Clominorex Cyclazodone Fenozolone Fluminorex Pemoline Thozalinone Phenethylamines : 2 - OH - PEA 4 - CAB 4 - FA 4 - FMA 4 - MA 4 - MMA Alfetamine Amfecloral Amfepentorex Amfepramone Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine Levoamphetamine Amphetaminil β - Me - PEA BDB Benzphetamine BOH Buphedrone Butylone Cathine Cathinone Clobenzorex Clortermine Dimethylamphetamine DMA DMMA EBDB Ephedrine Ethcathinone Ethylone Etilamfetamine Famprofazone Fenethylline Fenproporex Flephedrone Fludorex Furfenorex Hordenine 4 - Hydroxyamphetamine 5 - APDI ( IAP ) 5 - MAPDI ( IMP ) Iofetamine ( 123I ) Lisdexamfetamine Lophophine MBDB MDA ( tenamfetamine ) MDEA MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Metamfepramone MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Mefenorex Mephedrone Mephentermine Methamphetamine Dextromethamphetamine Levomethamphetamine Methcathinone Methedrone Methylone Morforex Naphthylaminopropane Ortetamine pBA pCA Pentorex Phenethylamine Pholedrine Phenpromethamine Phentermine Phenylpropanolamine pIA Prenylamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Selegiline ( also D - Deprenyl ) Tiflorex Tyramine Xylopropamine Zylofuramine Piperazines : 2C - B - BZP BZP MBZP mCPP MDBZP MeOPP oMPP pFPP Others : 2 - ADN 2 - AI 2 - AT 2 - BP 4 - BP 5 - IAI Clofenciclan Cyclopentamine Cypenamine Cyprodenate Feprosidnine Gilutensin Heptaminol Hexacyclonate Indanorex Isometheptene Methylhexanamine Octodrine Phthalimidopropiophenone Propylhexedrine ( Levopropylhexedrine ) Tuaminoheptane SRAs Aminoindanes : 5 - IAI AMMI ETAI MDAI MDMAI MMAI TAI Aminotetralins : 6 - CAT 8 - OH - DPAT MDAT MDMAT Oxazolines : 4 - Methylaminorex Aminorex Clominorex Fluminorex Phenethylamines : 2 - Methyl - MDA 4 - CAB 4 - FA 4 - FMA 4 - HA 4 - MTA 5 - APDB 5 - Methyl - MDA 6 - APDB 6 - Methyl - MDA AEMMA Amiflamine BDB BOH Brephedrone Butylone Chlorphentermine Cloforex Amfepramone Metamfepramone DCA Dexfenfluramine DFMDA DMA DMMA EBDB EDMA Ethylone Etolorex Fenfluramine Flephedrone Flucetorex IAP IMP Iofetamine Levofenfluramine Lophophine MBDB MDA ( tenamfetamine ) MDEA MDHMA MDMA ( midomafetamine ) MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Mephedrone Methedrone Methylone MMA MMDA MMDMA MMMA NAP Norfenfluramine 4 - TFMA pBA pCA pIA PMA PMEA PMMA TAP Piperazines : 2C - B - BZP 3 - MeOPP BZP DCPP MBZP mCPP MDBZP MeOPP Mepiprazole oMPP pCPP pFPP pTFMPP TFMPP Tryptamines : 4 - Methyl - αET 4 - Methyl - αMT 5 - CT 5 - MeO - αET 5 - MeO - αMT 5 - MT αET αMT DMT Tryptamine Others : Indeloxazine Viqualine Others Monoamine activity enhancers : BPAP PPAP DAT modulators : Agonist - like : SoRI - 9804 SoRI - 20040 ; Antagonist - like : SoRI - 20041 Adrenergic release blockers : Bethanidine Bretylium Guanadrel Guanazodine Guanethidine Guanoxan See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Adrenergics Dopaminergics Serotonergics Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Sigma receptor modulators σ Agonists : 3 - PPP 4 - PPBP 5 - MeO - DMT Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine ANAVEX2 - 73 Arketamine BD - 737 BD - 1052 Captodiame Citalopram CGRP Cloperastine Cocaine Cutamesine ( SA - 4503 ) Cyclazocine Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) ( prasterone ) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( DHEA - S ) ( prasterone sulfate ) Dextrallorphan Dextromethorphan ( DXM ) Dextrorphan ( DXO ) Dimemorfan Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) Donepezil Eliprodil Escitalopram Fabomotizole ( afobazole ) Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Ifenprodil Igmesine ( JO - 1784 ) IPAB Ketamine L - 687384 MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Memantine Methamphetamine Methoxetamine Methylphenidate Nepinalone Neuropeptide Y Noscapine OPC - 14523 Opipramol Pentazocine Pentoxyverine ( carbetapentane ) PRE-084 Pregnenolone Pregnenolone sulfate Pridopidine Racemethorphan ( methorphan ) Racemorphan ( morphanol ) UMB - 23 UMB - 82 Antagonists : 3 - PPP AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1031 BD - 1047 BD - 1060 BD - 1063 BD - 1067 BMY - 14802 ( BMS - 181100 ) CM - 156 Dup - 734 E-5842 E-52862 ( S1RA ) Haloperidol LR - 132 LR - 172 MS - 377 NE - 100 NPC - 16377 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) PD - 144418 Pentazocine Progesterone Rimcazole ( BW - 234U ) Sertraline SR - 31742A Allosteric modulators : Phenytoin ; Positive : Methylphenylpiracetam SOMCL - 668 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCP 4C - T - 2 4 - IBP 4 - IPBS 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Amitriptyline Azidopamil Chlorpromazine Clemastine Clomipramine Clorgiline D - Deprenyl DiPT DPT Ibogaine Imipramine KCR - 12 - 83.1 Nemonapride Noribogaine RHL - 033 RS - 67,333 RTI - 55 Saffron Safinamide Selegiline Spipethiane Trifluoperazine W - 18 YKP10A σ Agonists : 3 - PPP Arketamine BD - 1047 BD1063 Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) DKR - 1005 DKR - 1051 Haloperidol Ifenprodil Ketamine MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Methamphetamine OPC - 14523 Opipramol PB - 28 Phencyclidine Siramesine ( Lu 28 - 179 ) UKH - 1114 Antagonists : AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1067 CM - 156 CT - 1812 LR - 172 MIN - 101 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) SAS - 0132 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCE 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Clemastine DiPT DPT Ibogaine Nemonapride Nepinalone Noribogaine Pentazocine RS - 67,333 Safinamide TMA UMB - 23 UMB - 82 W - 18 Unsorted Agonists : Berberine Ethylketazocine Fourphit Metaphit Naluzotan Tapentadol Tenocyclidine Antagonists : AHD1 AZ66 Lamotrigine Naloxone SM - 21 UMB - 100 UMB - 101 UMB - 103 UMB - 116 YZ - 011 YZ - 069 YZ - 185 Allosteric modulators : SKF - 83959 Unknown / unsorted : 18 - Methoxycoronaridine BMY - 13980 Butaclamol Caramiphen Carvotroline Chlorphenamine ( chlorpheniramine ) Chlorpromazine Cinnarizine Cinuperone Clocapramine Dezocine EMD - 59983 Hypericin ( St. John 's wort ) Fluphenazine Gevotroline ( WY - 47384 ) Mepyramine ( pyrilamine ) Molindone Perphenazine Pimozide Proadifen Promethazine Propranolol Quinidine Remoxipride SL 82.0715 SR - 31747A Tiospirone ( BMY - 13859 ) Venlafaxine See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Tryptamines 1 - Methylpsilocin 2 - Methyl - 5 - HT 4, 5 - DHP - DMT 4, 5 - MDO - DMT 4, 5 - MDO - DiPT 4 - AcO - DALT 4 - AcO - DET 4 - AcO - DMT 4 - AcO - DiPT 4 - AcO - NMT 4 - AcO - MET 4 - AcO - DPT 4 - AcO - MiPT 4 - HO - DALT 4 - HO - DET 4 - HO - DiPT 4 - HO - DSBT 4 - HO - MET 4 - HO - MiPT 4 - HO - NMT 4 - HO - αMT 4 - Me - αET 4 - Me - αMT 4 - MeO - DiPT 4 - MeO - DMT 5 - BT 5 - Bromo - DMT 5 - CT 5 - Chloro - αMT 5 - Ethoxy - αMT 5 - Fluoro - αMT 5 - HO - αMT 5 - HO - DiPT 5 - HTP 5 - Ethoxy - DMT 5 - Ethyl - DMT 5 - Fluoro - DMT 5 - Methyl - DMT 5 - Methoxytryptamine 5 - MeO - 7, N, N - TMT 5 - Methyl - αET 5 - MeO - αET 5 - MeO - αMT 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DET 5 - MeO - DiPT 5 - MeO - DMT 5 - MeO - DPT 5 - MeO - EiPT 5 - MeO - EPT 5 - MeO - MALT 5 - MeO - MiPT 5 - MeO - NBpBrT 5, 7 - Dihydroxytryptamine 5 - ( Nonyloxy ) tryptamine 6 - Fluoro - αMT 6 - Hydroxymelatonin 7 - Methyl - αET 7 - Methyl - DMT Acetryptine Aeruginascin αET AL - 37350A αMT Baeocystin BNC - 210 Bufotenidine Bufotenin ( 5 - HO - DMT ) BW - 723C86 Convolutindole A DALT Desformylflustrabromine DET DiPT DMT DPT Ethocybin EiPT EMDT EPT FGIN - 127 FGIN - 143 HIOC Ibogaine Indorenate Iprocin Lespedamine Luzindole MET MiPT MPT Miprocin Melatonin MS - 245 NAS N - Feruloylserotonin NMT Norbaeocystin Normelatonin O - 4310 Oxypertine Plakohypaphorine PiPT Psilocin ( 4 - HO - DMT ) Psilocybin ( 4 - PO - DMT ) Rizatriptan Serotonin ST - 1936 Sumatriptan Tryptamine Tryptophan Yohimbine Yuremamine Zolmitriptan Drugs mentioned in TiHKAL AL - LAD DBT DET DiPT 5 - MeO - α - MT DMT 2, α - DMT α, N - DMT DPT EiPT α - ET ETH - LAD Harmaline Harmine 4 - HO - DBT 4 - HO - DSBT 4 - HO - DET 4 - HO - DiPT 4 - HO - DMT 5 - HO - DMT 4 - HO - DPT 4 - HO - MET 4 - HO - MiPT 4 - HO - MPT 4 - HO - pyr - T Ibogaine LSD MBT 4, 5 - MDO - DiPT 5, 6 - MDO - DiPT 4, 5 - MDO - DMT 5, 6 - MDO - DMT 5, 6 - MDO - MiPT 2 - Me - DET 2 - Me - DMT Melatonin 5 - MeO - DET 5 - MeO - DiPT 5 - MeO - DMT 4 - MeO - MiPT 5 - MeO - MiPT 5, 6 - MeO - MiPT 5 - MeO - NMT 5 - MeO - pyr - T 6 - MeO - THH 5 - MeO - TMT 5 - MeS - DMT MiPT α - MT NET NMT PRO-LAD pyr - T Tryptamine Tetrahydroharmine α, N, O - TMS Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethyltryptamine&oldid=865319471 '' Categories : Drugs not assigned an ATC code Ayahuasca Entheogens Tryptamine alkaloids Psychedelic tryptamines Serotonin receptor agonists Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from July 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Webarchive template wayback links Articles with dead external links from March 2018 CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Articles needing additional medical references from June 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles requiring reliable medical sources ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Infobox drug articles with non-default infobox title Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from June 2018 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto فارسی Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 24 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 October 2018, at 04 : 50 ( UTC ). 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Question: what is the function of dmt in humans
Answer: anti-inflammatory effects and tissue regeneration