Chandigarh - Wikipedia Chandigarh Chandigarh City and Union territory Clockwise from top left :. Palace of Assembly, Rock Garden of Chandigarh, Sector 42 Stadium, Sukhna Lake, Open Hand Monument and Gandhi Bhawan, Seal Nickname ( s ) : The City Beautiful Location of Chandigarh in India Coordinates : 30 ° 45 ′ N 76 ° 47 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 30.75 ° N 76.78 ° E ﻿ / 30.75 ; 76.78 Coordinates : 30 ° 45 ′ N 76 ° 47 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 30.75 ° N 76.78 ° E ﻿ / 30.75 ; 76.78 Country India Formation of Union territory 1 November 1966 Government Type Union territory Municipality Administrator V.P. Singh Badnore Mayor Asha Kumari Jaswal Senior Deputy Mayor Rajesh Kumar Gupta Deputy Mayor Anil Dubey Area Union territory 114 km ( 44 sq mi ) Area rank 34th in India Elevation 350 m ( 1,150 ft ) Population ( 2011 ) Union territory 1,055,450 Density 9,262 / km ( 23,988 / sq mi ) Metro 1,025,682 ( 51st ) City 960,787 ( 48th ) Languages official English education medium Hindi, Punjabi Time zone IST ( UTC + 5 : 30 ) PIN 160XXX Telephone code + 91 - 172 - XXX - XXXX ISO 3166 code IN - CH Vehicle registration CH - 01 to CH - 04 Literacy 86.05 % Website chandigarh.nic.in The city of Chandigarh comprises all of the union territory 's area. under Section 4 of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. Symbols of Chandigarh Emblem Open Hand Emblem Animal Indian grey mongoose Bird Indian grey hornbill Flower Dhak Tree Blue Jacaranda Chandigarh ( local pronunciation : ( tʃə̃ˈɖiːɡəɽɦ ) ( listen ) ) is a city and a union territory in India that serves as the capital of both neighboring states of Haryana and Punjab. The city is not part of either of the two states and is governed directly by the Union Government, which administers all such territories in the country. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the north, west and south, and to the state of Haryana to the east. It is considered to be a part of the Chandigarh capital region or Greater Chandigarh, which includes Chandigarh, and the city of Panchkula ( in Haryana ) and cities of Kharar, Kurali, Mohali, Zirakpur ( in Punjab ). It is located 260 km ( 162 miles ) north of New Delhi, 229 km ( 143 miles ) southeast of Amritsar and just 116 km ( 72 miles ) southwest of Shimla. It was one of the early planned cities in post-independence India and is internationally known for its architecture and urban design. The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss - French architect Le Corbusier, which transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city, were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Le Corbusier, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry. In 2015, an article published by BBC named Chandigarh as one of the perfect cities of the world in terms of architecture, cultural growth and modernisation. Chandigarh 's Capitol Complex was in July 2016 declared by UNESCO as World Heritage at the 40th session of World Heritage Conference held in Istanbul. UNESCO inscription was under `` The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement ''. The Capitol Complex buildings include the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Punjab and Haryana Secretariat and Punjab and Haryana Assembly along with monuments Open hand, Martyrs Memorial, Geometric Hill and Tower of Shadow. The city has one of the highest per capita income in the country. The city was reported to be one of the cleanest in India based on a national government study. The union territory also heads the list of Indian states and territories according to Human Development Index. In 2015, a survey by LG Electronics, ranked it as the happiest city in India over the happiness index. The metropolitan of Chandigarh -- Mohali -- Panchkula collectively forms a Tri-city, with a combined population of over 2 million. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Modern history 3 Geography and ecology 3.1 Location 3.2 Climate 3.3 Ecosystem 4 Demographics 4.1 Population 4.2 Languages 4.3 Religion 5 Economy 5.1 Employment 6 Politics 7 Places of interest 7.1 Sukhna Lake 7.2 Rock Garden 7.3 Rose Garden 7.4 Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh 7.5 Leisure Valley 7.6 Other destinations 8 Education 9 Transport 9.1 Road 9.2 Air 9.3 Rail 10 Entertainment 10.1 Sports 10.2 Gardens 10.3 Rose festival 10.4 Ramlila in Chandigarh 11 Notable people from Chandigarh 12 Gallery 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links Etymology The name Chandigarh is a portmanteau of Chandi and Garh. Chandi refers to Hindu goddess Chandi, the warrior Avatar of Goddess Parvati, and Garh means home. The name is derived from Chandi Mandir, an ancient temple devoted to the Hindu Goddess Chandi, near the city in Panchkula District. The motif or sobriquet of `` The City Beautiful '' was derived from the City Beautiful movement that was a popular philosophy in North American urban planning during the 1890s and 1900s. Architect Albert Mayer, the initial planner of Chandigarh, lamented the American rejection of City Beautiful concepts and declared `` We want to create a beautiful city... '' The phrase was used on as a logo in official publications in the 1970s, and is now how the city describes itself. History Early history The city has a pre-historic past. Due to the presence of a lake, the area has fossil remains with imprints of a large variety of aquatic plants and animals, and amphibian life, which were supported by that environment. As it was a part of the Punjab region, it had many rivers nearby where the ancient and primitive settling of humans began. So, about 8000 years ago, the area was also known to be a home to the Harappans. Modern history A map of the British Punjab province in 1909. During the Partition of India along the Radcliffe Line, the capital of the Punjab Province, Lahore, fell into West Punjab, Pakistan. The necessity to have a new capital for East Punjab in India then, led to the development of Chandigarh. Chandigarh was the dream city of India 's first Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal Nehru. After the partition of India in 1947, the former British province of Punjab was split between ( mostly Sikhs ) East Punjab in India and ( mostly Muslim ) West Punjab in Pakistan. The Indian Punjab required a new capital city to replace Lahore, which became part of Pakistan during the partition. Therefore, an American planner and architect Albert Mayer was tasked to design a new city called `` Chandigarh '' in 1949. The government carved out Chandigarh of nearly 50 Pwadhi speaking villages of the then state of East Punjab, India. Shimla was the temporary capital of East Punjab until Chandigarh was completed in 1960. Albert Mayer, during his work on the development and planning of the new capital city of Chandigarh, developed a superblock - based city threaded with green spaces which emphasized cellular neighborhoods and traffic segregation. His site plan used natural characteristics, using its gentle grade to promote drainage and rivers to orient the plan. Mayer discontinued his work on Chandigarh after developing a master plan for the city when his architect - partner Matthew Nowicki died in a plane crash in 1950. Government officials recruited Le Corbusier to succeed Mayer and Nowicki, who enlisted many elements of Mayer 's original plan without attributing them to him. Le Corbusier designed many administration buildings, including a courthouse, parliament building, and a university. He also designed the general layout of the city, dividing it into sectors. Chandigarh hosts the largest of Le Corbusier 's many Open Hand sculptures, standing 26 metres high. The Open Hand ( La Main Ouverte ) is a recurring motif in Le Corbusier 's architecture, a sign for him of `` peace and reconciliation. It is open to give and open to receive. '' It represents what Le Corbusier called the `` Second Machine Age ''. Two of the six monuments planned in the Capitol Complex which has the High Court, the Assembly and the Secretariat, remain incomplete. These include Geometric Hill and Martyrs Memorial ; drawings were made, and they were begun in 1956, but they were never completed. On 1 November 1966, the newly formed state of Haryana was carved out of the eastern portion of East Punjab, in order to create a new state for the majority Haryanvi - speaking people in that portion, while the western portion of East Punjab retained a mostly Punjabi - speaking majority and was renamed as Punjab. Chandigarh was located on the border of both states and the states moved to incorporate the city into their respective territories. However, the city of Chandigarh was declared a union territory to serve as capital of both states. As of 2016, many historical villages in Chandigarh are still inhabited within the modern blocks of sectors including Burail and Attawa, while there are a number of non-sectoral villages that lie on the outskirts of the city. These villages were a part of the pre-Chandigarh era. Geography and ecology Map of Chandigarh Location Chandigarh is located near the foothills of the Sivalik range of the Himalayas in northwest India. It covers an area of approximately 114 km. It shares its borders with the states of Haryana and Punjab. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Chandigarh are 30 ° 44 ′ N 76 ° 47 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 30.74 ° N 76.79 ° E ﻿ / 30.74 ; 76.79. It has an average elevation of 321 metres ( 1053 ft ). The city, lying in the northern plains, has vast fertile and flat land. It has portions of Bhabar in the north east and Terai in rest of the area. The surrounding cities are Mohali, Patiala, Zirakpur and Roopnagar in Punjab, Panchkula, and Ambala in Haryana. Chandigarh is situated 114 km southwest of Shimla, 45 km ( 28 miles ) northeast of Ambala, 229 km ( 143 miles ) southeast of Amritsar and 250 km ( 156 miles ) north of Delhi. Climate Chandigarh Climate chart ( explanation ) J J J O 33 16 39 20 5 30 25 10 9 32 16 28 35 20 145 36 22 280 31 21 308 30 20 133 30 19 22 29 14 9 24 8 22 19 Average max. and min. temperatures in ° C Precipitation totals in mm Source : World Weather Information Service Imperial conversion J J J O 1.3 62 38 1.5 68 42 78 51 0.4 89 61 1.1 96 68 5.7 96 72 11 88 70 12 85 69 5.2 86 66 0.9 84 57 0.4 76 46 0.9 66 39 Average max. and min. temperatures in ° F Precipitation totals in inches Chandigarh has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cwa ) characterised by a seasonal rhythm : very hot summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature ( − 1 ° C to 46 ° C OR 30.2 ° F to 114 ° F ). The average annual rainfall is 1110.7 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains from the Western Disturbance originating over the Mediterranean Sea. The western disturbances usually brings rain predominantly from mid-December till end of April which can be heavier sometimes with strong winds and hails if the weather turns colder ( during March -- April months ) which usually proves disastrous to the crops. Cold winds usually tend to come from the north near Shimla, capital of Himachal Pradesh and from the state of Jammu and Kashmir, both of which receive their share of snowfall during wintertime. The city experiences the following seasons and the respective average temperatures : Spring : The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season ( from February - end to early - April ). Temperatures vary between ( max ) 13 ° C to 20 ° C and ( min ) 5 ° C to 12 ° C. Autumn : In autumn ( from September - end to mid November. ), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 ° C. Temperatures usually remain between 10 ° to 22 ° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 6 ° C. Summer : The temperature in summer ( from Mid-April to June - end ) may rise to 44 ° C. The temperatures might sometime rise to 44 ° C in mid-June. Temperatures generally vary between 40 and 42 ° C. Monsoon : During monsoon ( from early - July to mid-September ), Chandigarh receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall ( generally during the month of August or September ). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south - west / south - east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south ( which is mainly a persistent rain ) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North - west or North - east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Chandigarh during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day. Winter : Winters ( November - end to February - end ) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at ( max ) 5 ° C to 14 ° C and ( min ) - 1 ° C to 5 ° C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2 -- 3 days with sometimes hailstorms. The city witnessed bone - numbing chill as the maximum temperature on Monday, 7 January 2013 plunged to a 30 - year low to settle at 6.1 degrees Celsius. Climate data for Chandigarh Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 27.7 ( 81.9 ) 32.8 ( 91 ) 37.8 ( 100 ) 42.7 ( 108.9 ) 44.6 ( 112.3 ) 45.3 ( 113.5 ) 42.0 ( 107.6 ) 39.0 ( 102.2 ) 37.5 ( 99.5 ) 37.0 ( 98.6 ) 34.0 ( 93.2 ) 28.5 ( 83.3 ) 45.6 ( 114.1 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 20.4 ( 68.7 ) 23.1 ( 73.6 ) 28.4 ( 83.1 ) 34.5 ( 94.1 ) 38.3 ( 100.9 ) 38.6 ( 101.5 ) 34.0 ( 93.2 ) 32.7 ( 90.9 ) 33.1 ( 91.6 ) 31.8 ( 89.2 ) 27.3 ( 81.1 ) 22.1 ( 71.8 ) 30.4 ( 86.7 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 6.1 ( 43 ) 8.3 ( 46.9 ) 13.4 ( 56.1 ) 18.9 ( 66 ) 23.1 ( 73.6 ) 25.4 ( 77.7 ) 23.9 ( 75 ) 23.3 ( 73.9 ) 21.8 ( 71.2 ) 17.0 ( 62.6 ) 10.5 ( 50.9 ) 6.7 ( 44.1 ) 16.5 ( 61.7 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) 0.0 ( 32 ) 0.0 ( 32 ) 4.2 ( 39.6 ) 7.8 ( 46 ) 13.4 ( 56.1 ) 14.8 ( 58.6 ) 14.2 ( 57.6 ) 17.2 ( 63 ) 14.3 ( 57.7 ) 9.4 ( 48.9 ) 3.7 ( 38.7 ) 0.0 ( 32 ) 0.0 ( 32 ) Average rainfall mm ( inches ) 33.1 ( 1.303 ) 38.9 ( 1.531 ) 30.4 ( 1.197 ) 8.5 ( 0.335 ) 28.4 ( 1.118 ) 145.2 ( 5.717 ) 280.4 ( 11.039 ) 307.5 ( 12.106 ) 133.0 ( 5.236 ) 21.9 ( 0.862 ) 9.4 ( 0.37 ) 21.9 ( 0.862 ) 1,059.3 ( 41.705 ) Average rainy days 2.6 2.8 2.6 1.1 2.1 6.3 12.3 11.4 5.0 1.4 0.8 1.4 49.8 Source : India Meteorological Department ( record high and low up to 2010 ) Ecosystem Parakeets at the Parrot Bird Sanctuary Most of Chandigarh is covered by dense banyan and eucalyptus plantations. Ashoka, cassia, mulberry and other trees flourish in the forested ecosystem. The city has forests surrounding that sustain many animal and plant species. Deer, sambars, barking deer, parrots, woodpeckers and peacocks inhabit the protected forests. Sukhna Lake hosts a variety of ducks and geese, and attracts migratory birds from parts of Siberia and Japan in the winter season. A Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh situated in sector 21 of the city is home to a large number of parrots. Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary adjoining to Sukhna Lake is another point for nature lovers. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1998. The city also has other popular gardens, e.g. Zakir Hussain Rose Garden, Rock Garden, Botanical Garden, Terraced Garden, Bougainvillea Garden, Shanti Kunj and many others. Demographics Population Population growth in Chandigarh over the years. As of 2011 India census, Chandigarh had a population of 1,055,450, making for a density of about 9,252 ( 7,900 in 2001 ) persons per square kilometre. Males constitute 55 % of the population and females 45 %. The sex ratio is 818 females for every 1,000 males -- which is the third lowest in the country, up from 773 in 2001. The child sex ratio is 880 females per thousand males, up from 819 in 2001. Chandigarh has an average literacy rate of 86.77 %, higher than the national average ; with male literacy of 90.81 % and female literacy of 81.88 %. 10.8 % of the population is under 6 years of age. There has been a substantial decline in the population growth rate in Chandigarh, with just 17.10 % growth between 2001 - 2011. Since, 1951 - 1961 the rate has decreased from 394.13 % to 17.10 %. This is probably because of rapid urbanisation and development in neighbouring cities. The urban population constitutes of as high as 97.25 % of the total and the rural population makes up 2.75 % as there are only few villages within Chandigarh on its Western and South - Eastern border and majority of people live in the heart of Chandigarh. Languages Languages of Chandigarh ( 2001 ) Hindi ( 67.53 % ) Punjabi ( 27.89 % ) Urdu ( 0.81 % ) Tamil ( 0.63 % ) Others ( 3.14 % ) English is the sole official language of Chandigarh. The majority of the population speaks Hindi ( 67.53 % ) while Punjabi is spoken by 27.89 %. Government schools use English, Hindi and Punjabi textbooks. Religion Religion in Chandigarh Religion Percent Hinduism 80.78 % Sikhism 13.11 % Islam 4.87 % Christianity 0.83 % Others 0.4 % Hinduism is the prominent religion of Chandigarh followed by 80.78 % of the population. Sikhism is the second most popular religion in the city followed 13.11 % of the people. In Chandigarh city Islam is followed by 4.87 %. Minorities are Christians 0.83 %, Jains 0.19 %, Buddhists 0.11 %, those that did n't state a religion are 0.10 %, and others are 0.02 %. Many institutions serve the minorities in the city. One such being the Roman Catholic Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh, serving the Catholics, which even has a co-cathedral in the city, Christ the King Co-Cathedral, although it never was a separate bishopric. Most of the convent schools of Chandigarh are governed by this institution. Chandigarh hosts many religious places, including the temple on which it was named - Chandimandir. The ISKCON temple in Sector 36 is one among the worship places for Hindus. Nada Sahib Gurudwara, a famous place for Sikh worship lies in its vicinity. Apart from this, there are a couple of historical mosques in Manimajra and Burail. Economy Chandigarh has been rated as the `` Wealthiest Town '' of India. The Reserve Bank of India ranked Chandigarh as the Third largest deposit centre and seventh largest credit centre nationwide as of June 2012. With a per capita income of ₹ 99,262, Chandigarh is the richest city in India. Chandigarh 's gross state domestic product for 2014 - 15 is estimated at ₹ 0.29 lakh crore ( US $4.3 billion ) in current prices. According to a 2014 survey, Chandigarh is ranked 4th in the top 50 cities identified globally as `` emerging outsourcing and IT services destinations '' ahead of cities like Beijing. Employment The government is a major employer in Chandigarh with three governments having their base here i.e. Chandigarh Administration, Punjab government and Haryana government. A significant percentage of Chandigarh 's population therefore consists of people who are either working for one of these governments or have retired from government service mainly Armed forces. For this reason, Chandigarh is often called a `` Pensioner 's Paradise ''. Ordnance Cable Factory of the Ordnance Factories Board has been set up by the Government of India. There are about 15 medium to large industries including two in the Public sector. In addition Chandigarh has over 2500 units registered under small - scale sector. The important industries are paper manufacturing, basic metals and alloys and machinery. Other industries are relating to food products, sanitary ware, auto parts, machine tools, pharmaceuticals and electrical appliances. The main occupation here is trade and business. However, the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ( PGIMER ), the availability of an IT Park and more than a hundred of government schools provide job opportunity to people. Four major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Chandigarh. These are : The Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry, ASSOCHAM India in Sector 8, Chandigarh, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, ( FICCI ) the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry ( PHDCCI ) and the Confederation of Indian Industry ( CII ) which has its regional headquarters at Sector 31, Chandigarh. Chandigarh IT Park ( also known as Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Park ) is the city 's attempt to break into the information technology world. Chandigarh 's infrastructure, proximity to Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, and the IT talent pool attracts IT businesses looking for office space in the area. Major Indian firms and multinational corporations like Quark, Infosys, EVRY, Dell, IBM, TechMahindra, Airtel, Amadeus IT Group, DLF have set up base in the city and its suburbs. The work of the Chandigarh Metro is likely to start by the year 2019. It was initially opposed by the Member of parliament from Chandigarh, Kirron Kher. with estimated cost of around ₹ 10,900 crores including 50 % funds from the governments of Punjab and Haryana and 25 % from Chandigarh and Government of India. Funds from the Japanese government will include approximately 56 % of the cost. Kher promised a film city for Chandigarh. After winning the seat, she said that she had difficulty in acquiring land in Chandigarh. However, her proposal was accepted by the Chandigarh Administration and the film city is proposed to be set up in Sarangpur, Chandigarh. These are seen as media of creating jobs. Politics Main article : Chandigarh ( Lok Sabha constituency ) Legislative Assembly by Le Corbusier Punjab and Haryana High Court by Le Corbusier Chandigarh, as a Union Territory, is not entitled to a state - level election : thus State Assembly elections are not held and it is directly controlled by the central government. However, one seat is contested here for the General Elections held every five years. The following Members of Parliament have been elected till date from the Chandigarh constituency : Election Member Party 1967 Chand Goyal BJS 1971 Amar Nath Vidyalankar Indian National Congress 1977 Krishna Kant Janata Party 1980 Jagannath Kaushal Indian National Congress 1984 Jagannath Kaushal Indian National Congress Harmohan Dhawan Janata Dal 1991 Pawan Kumar Bansal Indian National Congress Satya Pal Jain Bharatiya Janata Party 1998 Satya Pal Jain Bharatiya Janata Party 1999 Pawan Kumar Bansal Indian National Congress Pawan Kumar Bansal Indian National Congress 2009 Pawan Kumar Bansal Indian National Congress 2014 Kirron Kher Bharatiya Janata Party The city is controlled by a civic administration. In the Municipal Corporation, BJP candidate Arun Sood defeated Congress ' Mukesh Bassi by 21 - 15 votes for the post of Mayor, while BJP 's Davesh Moudgil and SAD 's Hardeep Singh defeated Congress ' Darshan Garg and Gurbax Rawat for the posts of Sr. Deputy Mayor and Deputy Mayor respectively, in the Municipal Corporation 's mayoral polls in January 2016. In January 2017 BJP 's Asha Kumari Jaswal was elected as the mayor, BJP 's Rajesh Kumar Gupta and Anil Dubey were elected as senior deputy mayor and deputy mayor respectively. Composition of Chandigarh Municipal Corporation as of February, 2017 Political Party Number of Councillers Bharatiya Janata Party 20 Shiromani Akali Dal Indian National Congress Independent Nominated 9 Member of Parliament Total 36 Places of interest Chandigarh has various visitor attractions including theme gardens within the city. Some notable sites are : Sukhna Lake Sailing at Sukhna Lake Sukhna Lake is located in Sector 1, adjoining the Rock Garden near the foothills of Shivalik Hills. Sukhna is an artificial lake. This 3 km rain - fed lake was created in 1958 by damming the Sukhna Choe, a seasonal stream coming down from the Shivalik Hills. It has The Garden of Silence within it. The atmosphere here is serene. Sukhna Lake is the venue for many festive celebrations. The most popular is the Mango Festival held during the monsoons. It is believed that a Swiss architect Pierre Jeanneret 's ashes were immersed in this lake according to his will as he developed a deep bond with the lake. The garden is most famous for its sculptures made from recycled ceramic, Rock Garden Rock Garden The Rock Garden is situated in the middle of the Capitol Complex and the Sukhna Lake in Sector 1. It is also known as Nek Chand Rock Garden after its founder. It has numerous sculptures made by using a variety of different discarded waste materials like frames, mudguards, forks, handle bars, metal wires, play marbles, porcelain, auto parts, broken bangles etc. Nek Chand himself went up the Shivalik hills and got different stones and materials with which he started building the garden. Rose Garden Zakir Hussain Rose Garden, or simply Rose Garden, is named after the former President of India, Zakir Hussain. It is situated in Sector 16. The garden is known to be the greatest of its types in Asia. The garden is said to be spread about thirty to forty acres containing nearly 825 varieties of roses in it and more than 32,500 varieties of other medicinal plants and trees. Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh Main article : Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh is a bird sanctuary which is located in sector 21 Chandigarh India.It is notified under Section 18 of the Wildlife ( Protection ) Act, 1972. It is habitat of thousands of parrots. It is the second wildlife sanctuary in the city after Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary. Leisure Valley A continuum of various theme gardens, Leisure Valley is a linear park over 8 km long which starts from Sector 1 in the north and leaves Chandigarh at its southern most edge. It consists of many theme parks, botanical gardens and green belts, including Rajendra Park in Sector 1, the Bougainvillea Garden in Sector 3 and the Physical Fitness Trails in Sector 10, among others. Other destinations Other tourist destinations include The New Lake in Sector 42, Capitol Complex in Sector 1, City Centre in Sector 17, Open hand monument in Sector 1, Le Corbusier Centre in Sector 19, Government Museum and Art Gallery in Sector 10, International Doll Museum in Sector 23, Sree Chaitanya Gaudiya Math in Sector 20. There are many tourist gardens like the Garden of Fragrance in Sector 36, Garden of Palms in Sector 42, Butterfly Park in Sector 26, Valley of Animals in Sector 49, the Japanese Garden in Sector 31 and the Terraced Garden in Sector 33. Several other famous tourist destinations like Pinjore Gardens, Morni Hills, Nada Sahib, Kasauli, ChattBir Zoo lie in its vicinity. Education Gandhi Bhavan built by Pierre Jeanneret for Panjab University See also : List of educational institutions in Chandigarh There are numerous educational institutions in Chandigarh. These range from privately and publicly operated schools to colleges and the Panjab University. Other Institutions are Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research ( PGIMER ), Govt Medical college & Hospital, Punjab Engineering College Deemed University, Govt College for Men, Govt College for Women, DAV College, MCM DAV College for Women, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College Sector - 32, Govt Homeopathic College, Ayurvedic College, Govt Polytechnical College, Govt Home Science College, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Hotel management, Khalsa College Sec - 26, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research ( NITTTR ) Sec - 26, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration ( GCCBA ) Sec - 50 etc. According to Chandigarh administration 's department of education, there are a total of 107 government schools in Chandigarh and convent schools like St. Stephen 's School, St. John 's High School, Chandigarh, St. Anne 's Convent School, Sacred Heart School, St. Kabir Public School and Carmel Convent School. Transport Road CTU AC bus outside railway station Chandigarh has the largest number of vehicles per capita in India. Wide, well maintained roads and parking spaces all over the city ease local transport. The Chandigarh Transport Undertaking ( CTU ) operates public transport buses from its Inter State Bus Terminals ( ISBT ) in Sectors 17 and 43 of the city. CTU also operates frequent bus services to the neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and to Delhi. Chandigarh is well connected by road to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes : NH 5 to Shimla in the northeast, and to Ludhiana in the west. NH 7 to Patiala in the southwest. NH 152 to Ambala in the south ( NH 44 catches up from Ambala to Panipat - Delhi ). Air View of Chandigarh Airport new terminal Chandigarh Airport has scheduled commercial flights to major cities of India including Delhi, Pune, Mumbai, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Leh and Srinagar. The airport has international flights to Sharjah and Dubai. Rail Chandigarh Junction railway station lies in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railway network and provide connectivity to all the regions of India and some major Indian cities. It provides connectivity to eastern states with link to cities like Kolkata, Dibrugarh ; southern states with trains to Visakhapatnam, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore and Kollam ; western states with trains to Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Mumbai ; central states with trains to Bhopal and Indore ; other northern states with trains to Lucknow, Amritsar, Ambala, Panipat, Kalka, Shimla. and Pune. The Chandigarh Metro Rail is a proposed metro rail to serve the city locally and connect it to other two cities of the Chandigarh capital region. It is expected to start working by 2018 along with the extension of Kolkata Metro and proposed Indore Metro. Entertainment Sports The Chandigarh Hockey Stadium, Sector 42 The Sector 16 Stadium, has been a venue of several international cricket matches. But it has lost prominence after the PCA Stadium was constructed in Mohali. It still provides a platform for cricketers in this region to practice and play inter-state matches. The Chandigarh Golf Club has 7,202 yard, 18 hole course known for its challenging narrow fairways, a long 613 yard long, dogleg 7th hole and floodlighting on the first nine holes. There are many other sports grounds and complex like the Lake Sports Complex ; Sports Complexes in Sectors 7, 42, 46 ; Table Tennis Hall, Sector 23 ; Hockey Centre, Sector 18 ; Football Stadium, Sector 17 ; Skating Rink, Sector 10 ; Wrestling, Basketball and Handball Indoor Hall, Sector 42 ; CLTA Lawn Tennis Grounds, Sector 10 ; Athletics Stadium, Sector 7 and 26 Police Lines ; Volleyball Courts, Sector 7 and so on. Many personalities from this region have excelled in sports. Gardens The city has two gardens of international repute -- the Rock Garden of Chandigarh in sector 1 and the Zakir Hussain Rose Garden in sector 16. The latter has the distinction of being the largest of its kind in Asia. Chandigarh has a belt of parks running from sector to sector. It is known for its green belts and other special tourist parks. Sukhna Lake itself hosts a large number of gardens, including the Garden of Silence. Rose festival Every Year, Chandigarh Citco holds three days ( 21st of February to 23rd of February ) of rose festival in Zakir Hussain Rose Garden that portrays 1000s of sub species of roses. In the same event, lac of people across world comes down to the city and enjoy the Nature and cultural amalgamation. Ramlila in Chandigarh Every year in September or October during Navrati, City people of various sector hold Ramlila event. Ramlila is folk tradition celebrated by Hindus across India. Entire Chandigarh celebrates this event with utmost importance for more than 50 years. Notable people from Chandigarh Mohinder Singh Randhawa, Indian Civil Service officer who played a major role in establishing the city of Chandigarh Neerja Bhanot, Ashoka Chakra Awardee, flight attendant and model Milkha Singh Commonwealth gold medalist. Kapil Dev, former Indian international cricketer Jaspal Bhatti, Padma Bhushan Awardee, Film and TV Actor and renowned satirist Kirron Kher, Indian actress and theatre artist ( also BJP M.P. ) Sargun Mehta, Punjabi Film Actress Yuvraj Singh, Indian international cricketer Gurleen Chopra, Punjabi actress Jeev Milkha Singh, professional Golfer Binny Bansal, Founder of Flipkart, Billionaire. Sachin Bansal, Founder of Flipkart, Billionaire. Mohit Sehgal, TV actor Kulraj Randhawa, Punjabi Film Actress Ayushman Khurrana, Indian Film actor Gurbani Judge, MTV India VJ and actress Harita Kaur Deol, Pilot Yami Gautam, Indian film actress Surveen Chawla, Punjabi Film Actress Gul Panag, Indian film actress and Social Activist Abhinav Bindra, Olympic gold medalist Mahi Gill, Indian actress Mukesh Gautam, Punjabi film director Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava, Bioinformatics Scientist Ramesh Kumar Nibhoria, winner of Ashden Awards - UK Nek Chand, Indian artist and creator of the Rock Garden of Chandigarh Sabeer Bhatia, Indian - American Entrepreneur who founded Hotmail Rochak Kohli, Music Composer, Singer, Lyricist Sandesh Jhingan, Indian International Professional footballer Neel Kamal Puri Novelist, Columnist Aanchal Kumar Model, Actress Prince Narula MTV Roadies, Splitsvilla and Bigg Boss 9 Winner, Model Sri Srinivasan, United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Pammi Somal, Noted Bollywood journalist and filmaker Gallery The Open Hand Monument in Chandigarh Punjab and Haryana High Court Secretariat Building by Le Corbusier Palace of Assembly Building by Le Corbusier Rock Garden The Rose Garden Government Museum & Art Gallery Musical Fountain, Sector 17, Chandigarh Le Corbusier Centre, Sector 19 The entrance to Valley of Animals, Sector 49 in Chandigarh. Chandigarh Museum and Art Gallery See also Geography portal Asia portal South Asia portal India portal Haryana portal Punjab portal Chandigarh portal India -- Wikipedia book Chandigarh capital region Mohali Panchkula Ambala Chandigarh Expressway Notes Jump up ^ see § Etymology Jump up ^ The lowest is Daman and Diu ( 618 females per thousand males ) and second lowest is Dadra and Nagar Haveli ( 774 females per thousand males ). References ^ Jump up to : `` BJP 's Asha is city Mayor ''. The Tribune ( Chandigarh ). Tribune News Service. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017. ^ Jump up to : https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Chandigarh.html Chandigarh ( India ) : Union Territory & Agglomeration - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts Jump up ^ `` Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 ; Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above '' ( PDF ). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 ; Cities having population 1 lakh and above '' ( PDF ). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities : 50th report ( July 2012 to June 2013 ) '' ( PDF ). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 2 January 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` List of Text Books Prescribed for Classes I to X in Government Non-Model Schools of Chandigarh ( UT ) for the Session 2007 - 08 '' ( PDF ). Chandigarh Administration Education Department. Jump up ^ Service, Tribune News ( 12 October 2015 ). `` Corbusier 's creation ''. http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trends/corbusier-s-creation/142344.html. Retrieved 13 October 2015. External link in website = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Business Portal of India : Investment Opportunities and Incentives : State Level Investment : Chandigarh ''. business.gov.in. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Ajay Deep. `` BBC Names Chandigarh as a perfect city of the world ''. Jump up ^ `` Is this the perfect city ? ''. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2015. Jump up ^ Ajay Deep. `` Chandigarh gets the Cleanest City of India title ''. Jump up ^ `` India 's cleanest : Where does your city stand ? : Rediff.com News ''. News.rediff.com. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. Jump up ^ Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008 ( p. 23 ) Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh ' happiest ' city, claims LG survey ''. 12 June 2015. Jump up ^ Ajay Deep. `` Chandigarh is the Happiest City of India - LG Survey ''. Jump up ^ `` Tricity residents to get Emaar MGF 's Central Plaza soon ''. The Financial Express. 6 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` CII ''. cii.in. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh : Info on geography, history, government, districts, business, economy, travel, rivers, education, food, arts, culture, music, dance, festivals ''. newkerala.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Kalia, Ravi ( 1987 ). Chandigarh : in search of an identity. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0809313103. Jump up ^ Office of the Registrar General, R.K. Goswami ( 1970 ). Census of India, 1971, Series 25, Chandigarh : Census atlas. India. pp. 20, 22, 33. Jump up ^ `` Official website of the Chandigarh Administration ''. Chandigarh Administration. Retrieved 21 March 2017. Chandigarh The City Beautiful Jump up ^ `` Historical Background of Chandigarh '' ( PDF ). Government of Chandigarh. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh history ''. City Beautiful. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh History ''. Chandigarh Guide. Retrieved 12 March 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` About Chandigarh ''. Government of Chandigarh. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Displaced for making Chandigarh, their marginalization is still on ''. The Times of India. 12 May 2014. Jump up ^ Banerjee, Tridib ( 2009 ). `` U.S. Planning Expeditions to Postcolonial India : From Ideology to Innovation in Technical Assistance ''. Journal of the American Planning Association. 75 ( 2 ). pp. 193 -- 208. doi : 10.1080 / 01944360902790711. Jump up ^ Frommer 's India ( 2010 ) Pippa de Bruyn, John Wiley & Sons, p613 ISBN 9780470556108 Jump up ^ `` Capitol Complex, as Le Corbusier wanted it, remains incomplete ''. Indian Express. 19 June 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2013. Jump up ^ `` 1st November 1966 - Haryana Day ''. Haryana Online. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013. Jump up ^ `` villages. pdf '' ( PDF ). chandigarh.gov.in. Retrieved 9 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Falling Rain Genomics, Inc -- Chandigarh ''. Falling Rain Genomics. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh > Travel tips > Location ''. bharatonline.com. Retrieved 26 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh Climatological Table Period : 1971 -- 2000 ''. India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 '' ( PDF ). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Chandigarh Administration ''. chandigarh.gov.in. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India ''. censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Census observations ''. Census of India. http://www.ssachd.nic.in. External link in publisher = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Sex Ratio in India ''. Census 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Chandigarh Population Census data 2011 ''. Census2011. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh demographics '' ( PDF ). chandigarh.gov.in. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh District Religion Data - Census 2011 ''. www.census2011.co.in. Jump up ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0401_PART_A_DCHB_CHANDIGARH.pdf Jump up ^ `` Religious Places in Chandigarh ''. chandigarh.co.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Masjids in Chandigarh ''. google.co.in. Retrieved 9 September 2015. Jump up ^ Chandigarh has been rated as the `` Wealthiest Town '' of India. http://chandigarh.gov.in/knowchd_redfinechd.htm Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh 's the richest of ' em all ''. IBNLive. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` 6 Indian cities among emerging outsourcing hubs ''. The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` IAS OUR DREAM - Chandigarh is often called a `` Pensioner 's... - Facebook ''. facebook.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Occupation in Chandigarh. The people of Chandigarh and their occupation. Jump up ^ Chandigarh people, culture and occupation. The culture and people of Chandigarh. Jump up ^ The Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry, ASSOCHAM India Jump up ^ CII ( NR ) headquarters are at Chandigarh. ( Confederation of Indian Industry ) The headquarters of CII North Region are at Chandigarh. Jump up ^ Confederation of Indian Industry. The Headquarters of CII ( NR ) are at Chandigarh. Jump up ^ `` Metro not feasible for city : MP ''. Chandigarh Tribune. The Tribune. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Jump up ^ Ajay Deep. `` Chandigarh Metro Project Cost and Other Details ''. Chandigarh Metro. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh Metro - Know what 's happening in Chandigarh ''. Chandigarh Metro. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Press Trust of India ( 25 August 2014 ). `` Trying to get Film City for Chandigarh soon : Kirron Kher ''. business-standard.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Chandigarh Administration ''. chandigarh.gov.in. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` BJP - SAD wins all top posts in Chandigarh MC polls ''. The Tribune. Retrieved 9 January 2016. Jump up ^ `` BJP Sweeps Chandigarh Municipal Polls, Amit Shah Calls It Vote For Notes Ban ''. NDTV. Retrieved 20 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Places to See ''. chandigarhtourism.gov.in. Chandigarh Tourism. Retrieved 19 March 2014. Jump up ^ http://chandigarhtourism.gov.in/images/map.jpg Jump up ^ `` Sukhna Lake - Chandigarh Sukhna Lake - Sukhna Lake of Chandigarh India ''. chandigarh.co.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Garden of Silence -- quieter end of Sukhna Lake ''. kiboli.wordpress.com. Wordpress. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Pierre Jeanneret - HELMUTT ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ Eron Johnson. `` Biography : Pierre Jeanneret - Eron Johnson Antiques ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Le Corbusier Pierre Jeanneret Chandigarh India ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Nek Chand 's Rock Garden in Chandigarh ''. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Nek Chand 's Rock Garden in Chandigarh ''. pnrstatusirctc.in. Jump up ^ `` About Nek Chand ''. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rock Garden ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Places to visit - Rock Garden ''. CITCO Chandigarh. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ http://chandigarhtourism.gov.in/Chandigarh%20Tourism%20-%20gardens.htm Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh Tourism - The Hub of North India ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rose Garden of Chandigarh ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Chandigarh Administration ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Chandigarh Administration ''. chandigarh.gov.in. Jump up ^ `` Top Ten Towns with Highest Number of Car Ownership in India ''. mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh city guide, information, history, weather, geographic statistics ''. citcochandigarh.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh Transport Undertaking ''. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to HWH / Howrah : 9 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` 15904 / Chandigarh - Dibrugarh ( Bi-weekly ) Express - Chandigarh / CDG to Guwahati / GHY - India Rail Info ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to VSKP / Visakhapatnam : 1 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to KCVL / Kochuveli : 2 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to SBC / KSR Bengaluru City ( Bangalore ) : 2 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to JP / Jaipur : 4 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to ADI / Ahmedabad : 4 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to BDTS / Bandra Terminus : 10 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to BPL / Bhopal : 11 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to INDB / Indore BG : 4 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to LKO / Lucknow Charbagh NR : 33 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to ASR / Amritsar : 43 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to UMB / Ambala Cantt. : 34 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to PNP / Panipat : 14 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` CDG / Chandigarh to KLK / Kalka : 13 Trains ''. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh / CDG to Shimla / SML : Trains at a Glance ''. Jump up ^ `` Sector 16 Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo ''. Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Chandigarh Golf Club ( CGC ) - Golf in Punjab - Haryana golf - North India Golf - Golfgaga -- Where golfers meet ! - Jeev Milka Singh Home Course - India 's Top golfers - Golf courses in India ''. golfgaga.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Website of Chandigarh Administration ''. chandigarh.gov.in. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Madhu. `` 8 Famous Parks in Chandigarh with Pictures ''. Styles At Life. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` ROSE GARDEN ''. http://chandigarhtourism.gov.in. Chandigarh govt. External link in website = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` 60 venues to stage Ramlila in Chandigarh this year ''. The Hindustan Times. HT Correspondents. HT Media. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Milkha Singh at his residence ''. indiatimes.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Sandeep Singh Bajwa. `` Sikh Sports personality Flying Sikh Milkha Singh ''. sikh-history.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Kapil Dev Profile ''. indiaonlinepages.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Kiron Kher ''. FilmiBeat. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ Arjun. `` Short Biography of cricketer Yuvraj Singh ''. preservearticles.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Bollywood Celebrity ''. Bollywood Celebrity. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Jeev Milkha Singh Profile ''. iloveindia.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Mukesh Ambani India 's richest for 9th year ; Flipkart 's Bansals new entrants - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis ''. 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` From Rs 10,000 to $1 - bn : The journey of Sachin & Binny Bansal 's Flipkart ''. The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Kulraj Randhawa works with Dharmendra again ''. The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Gul Panag ''. FilmiBeat. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Abhinav Bindra - Rifle shooter, picture, profile, info and favourites ''. Jump up ^ `` Mahi Gill ''. Bollywood Dhamaal. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Notable bioinformatician - Dr Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava ''. biospectrumindia.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` DSIR > Programmes > Erstwhile Programmes > TePP - Technopreneur Promotion Programme > tepp ''. csir.res.in. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` About the Foundation ''. nekchand.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Sabeer Bhatia -- `` The HotMale behind Hotmail '' ``. iammadeinindia.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Further reading Evenson, Norma. Chandigarh. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press, 1966. Sarbjit Bahga, Surinder Bahga ( 2014 ) Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret : The Indian Architecture, CreateSpace, ISBN 978 - 1495906251 Joshi, Kiran. Documenting Chandigarh : The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. Ahmedabad : Mapin Publishing in association with Chandigarh College of Architecture, 1999. ISBN 1 - 890206 - 13 - X Kalia, Ravi. Chandigarh : The Making of an Indian City. New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 1999. Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. Chandigarh and Planning Development in India, London : Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, No. 4948, 1 April 1955, Vol. CIII, pages 315 -- 333. I. The Plan, by E. Maxwell Fry, II. Housing, by Jane B. Drew. Nangia, Ashish. Re-locating Modernism : Chandigarh, Le Corbusier and the Global Postcolonial. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, 2008. Perera, Nihal. `` Contesting Visions : Hybridity, Liminality and Authorship of the Chandigarh Plan '' Planning Perspectives 19 ( 2004 ) : 175 -- 199 Prakash, Vikramaditya. Chandigarh 's Le Corbusier : The Struggle for Modernity in Postcolonial India. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2002. Sarin, Madhu. Urban Planning in the Third World : The Chandigarh Experience. London : Mansell Publishing, 1982. External links Find more aboutChandigarhat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Travel guide from Wikivoyage Government The Official Website of Chandigarh Administration General information Chandigarh Encyclopædia Britannica entry Chandigarh at DMOZ Chandigarh Business Directory Geographic data related to Chandigarh at OpenStreetMap Places adjacent to Chandigarh Kharar, Punjab Hoshiarpur, Punjab Mohali, Punjab Chandigarh Panchkula, Haryana Zirakpur, Punjab City of Chandigarh History Burail Fort Chandigarh capital region Chandigarh district Geography Sivalik Hills Sukhna Lake N Choe Administration Administrators of Chandigarh Politics of Chandigarh Chandigarh ( Lok Sabha constituency ) Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh High Court District Courts Landmarks Chandi Mandir Elante Mall Gandhi Bhawan Garden of Silence Government Museum and Art Gallery Japanese Garden Open Hand Monument Palace of Assembly Raj Bhavan Raj Bhavan Rock Garden of Chandigarh Paras Downtown Square Parrot Bird Sanctuary Chandigarh Secretariat Building Tagore Theatre Zakir Hussain Rose Garden Transport Chandigarh International Airport Chandigarh Metro Chandigarh Junction railway station Chandigarh Transport Undertaking Geri route Shimla Chandigarh Expressway Ambala Chandigarh Expressway Chandigarh -- Sahnewal line Education Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research School of Communication Studies University Institute of Legal Studies Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Chandigarh College of Architecture Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology Chandigarh Engineering College Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology DAV College GMCH Chandigarh Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College Government College of Commerce and Business Administration Government College of Education Gurukul Vidyapeeth Institute of Engineering & Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Panjab University PEC University of Technology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Sports Chandigarh Comets Chandigarh Cricket Association Chandigarh Dynamos Chandigarh football team Chandigarh Golf Club Chandigarh Lions Chandigarh Golf Club Mullanpur International Cricket Stadium Sector 16 Stadium Sector 42 Stadium Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium Kapil Dev Nirmal Kaur Karanveer Singh Ramandeep Singh Sanam Singh V.R.V. Singh Harinder Pal Sandhu Sandesh Jhingan Sehnaj Singh Sukhbir Singh Gill Economy RBI Chandigarh Hash BioTech Labs Nectar Lifesciences Organisations AKali Dal Baba Makhan Shah Lobana Foundation Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Educare India Panjab Digital Library Punjabi Tribune RBI Chandigarh Shiromani Akali Dal * Planned † Under construction States and union territories of India States Arunachal Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli National Capital Territory of Delhi Daman and Diu Lakshadweep Puducherry Capitals in India Proposed states and territories Historical Regions British Provinces State and Union Territory capitals of India Agartala Aizawl Amaravati ( de facto ) Bangalore Bhopal Bhubaneswar Chandigarh Chennai Daman Dehradun ( interim ) New Delhi Dispur Gandhinagar Gangtok Hyderabad Imphal Itanagar Jaipur Jammu ( in winter ) Kavaratti Kohima Kolkata Lucknow Mumbai Panaji Patna Pondicherry Port Blair Raipur Ranchi Shillong Shimla Silvassa Srinagar ( in summer ) Thiruvananthapuram State of Haryana Capital : Chandigarh Topics Outline History Geography Politics Government Economy Sports Divisions Ambala division Gurugram division Hisar division Rohtak division Districts Ambala Bhiwani Faridabad Fatehabad Gurgaon Hisar Jhajjar Jind Kaithal Karnal Kurukshetra Mahendragarh Nuh Panchkula Palwal Panipat Rewari Rohtak Sirsa Sonipat Yamuna Nagar Major cities Faridabad Gurugram Panipat Yamunanagar Rohtak Hisar Karnal Sonipat Panchkula Bhiwani Sirsa Bahadurgarh Jind Kurukshetra Kaithal Rewari Palwal Culture Dance Music Swang Haryanvi Films Haryanvi language Loarki language Mewati language Economy Power stations and power organisations Places of interest Indus Valley Civilization Balu, Haryana Banawali Bhirrana Farmana Jognakhera Kunal Lohari Ragho Mitathal Rakhigarhi Siswal Sothi Archaeological Agroha Mound Chaneti Stupa Forts Asigarh Fort ( Hansi ) Badhshapur Fort Buria Fort Chhachhrauli Fort Dhosi Hill Fort Fatehabad Fort Farrukhnagar Fort Hisar - e-Firoza Fort Kotla Indor Fort Jind Fort Kaithal Fort Gajpat Singh Fort at Karnal Loharu Fort Madhogarh Fort Mahendragarh Fort Meham Fort Nahar Singh Fort at Ballabhgargh Pinjore Fort Raipur Rani Fort Fort of King Saras of Sirsa Tosham Hill Fort Hills Dhosi Hill near Narnaul Kotla Hill in Mewat Indor Hill in Mewat Madhogarh Hill near Mahendragarh Mahendragarh Hill Morni Hills in Yamuna Nagar Tosham Hill in Bhiwani Caves Chyvan Rishi Cave at Dhosi Hill Tosham Hill Caverns Nar Narayan Cave in Yamuna Nagar Historical Bhima Devi Temple Complex at Pinjore Dhosi Hill Farrukhnagar Mughal Bridge at Kernal Harsh ka Tilla at Kurukshetra Nahar Singh Mahal Narnaul Pataudi Palace Pinjore Gardens Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple Surajkund Tomb of Saikh Taiyab at Kaithal Tosham rock inscription State Protected Monuments Monuments of National Importance Wildlife Sanctuary Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary Kalesar National Park Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary Khol Hi - Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary Morni Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary Sohna Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Endangered Wildlife Breeding Chinkara Breeding Centre Kairu, Bhiwani Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore Pheasant Breeding Centre Morni Pheasant Breeding Centre, Berwala Peacock & Chinkara Breading Centre, Jhabua in Rewari district Deer Park, Hisar Zoos in Haryana Bhiwani Zoo Hisar Deer Park Rohtak Zoo Pipli Zoo Herbal Parks Shatavar Vatika Herbal Park, Hisar Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Tosham Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Kairu Ch. Devi Lal Herbal Nature Park Lakes Badkhal Lake Blue Bird Lake at Hisar Damdama Lake Karna Lake Tilyar Lake at Rohtak Dams Anagpur Dam Hathnikund Barrage Ottu barrage Tajewala Barrage Rivers Chautang Ghaggar - Hakra Markanda River Najafgarh Sahibi River Sarasvati River Yamuna Religious Adi Badri ( Haryana ) Sarsvati udgam sthal Agroha Dham Baba Thakur Banbhori Devi Brahma Sarovar Bhuteshwar Temple Jayanti Devi Temple Jyotisar Kartikeya Temple Markandeshwar Mata Mansa Devi Mandir Nada Sahib Naugaja Peer Pindara Temple Sannihit Sarovar Sita Mai Temple Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon St. Thomas ' Church at Hisar Offices High Court Legislative Assembly Raj Bhavan Public places Courtyard by Marriott Kingdom of Dreams Mall of India The Oberoi Extreme Corners of Haryana Eastern-most point : Kalesar village Yamuna riverbank in Yamuna Nagar District Western-most point : Chautala - Sangari border road crossing in Sirsa district Southern-most point : Kol Gaon hill in Ferozepur Jhirka tehsil of Gurgaon district Northern-most point : Khokhra village riverbank north of Chandigarh - Baddi river bridge in Panchkula district Highest - lowest of Haryana Highest point : Karoh Peak in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district Lowest natural Surface elevation point : Deepest Underground Cave : Coldest avg temp : Karoh Peak in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district Hottest avg temp : Hisar Wettest avg rainfall : Morni hills in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district Driest avg rainfall : Bhiwani Oldest of Haryana Oldest archaeological site : Rakhigarhi 4700 BC or 6700 years old Indus Valley Civilization in Hisar district Oldest archaeological mine site : Kaliyana hill Indus Valley Civilization stone mine ( 3000 BC or 5000 years old ) west of Charkhi Dadri Government and Politics Elections 1991 1998 1999 2009 2014 Chief Ministers Banarsi Das Gupta Rao Birender Singh Bansi Lal Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Bhajan Lal Devi Lal Om Prakash Chautala Hukam Singh Bhupinder Singh Hooda Manohar Lal Khattar Governors Dharma Vira Birendra Narayan Chakraborty Ranjit Singh Narula Jaisukh Lal Hathi Harcharan Singh Brar Surjit Singh Sandhawalia Ganpatrao Devji Tapase Saiyid Muzaffar Husain Burney Hari Anand Barari Dhanik Lal Mandal Mahaveer Prasad Babu Parmanand Om Prakash Verma Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai Jagannath Pahadia Kaptan Singh Solanki State agencies Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Debt Conciliation Board Doordarshan Haryana Foreign Investment and NRI Cell Forests Department, Haryana Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Haryana Department of Environment, Haryana Department of Excise & Taxation, Haryana Department of Finance, Haryana Department of Industries & Commerce, Haryana Department of Industrial Training & Vocational Education, Haryana Department of Institutional Finance & Credit Control, Haryana Department of Labour & Employment, Haryana Department of Land records & Consolidation, Haryana Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana Department of Rehabilitation, Haryana Department of Higher Education, Haryana Department of School Education, Haryana Department of Elementary Education, Haryana Haryana Board of School Education Haryana Civil Medical Services Haryana Environment Protection Council Haryana Land Record Information System Haryana Power Generation Corporation Limited Haryana Police Haryana Roadways Haryana Seeds Development Corporation Haryana State Directorate of Archaeology & Museums Haryana State Legal Services Authority, Haryana Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited Haryana Urban Development Authority Haryana Waqf Board State Counselling Board, Haryana Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Sports Venues Chaudhary Bansi Lal Cricket Stadium Nahar Singh Stadium Tau Devi Lal Stadium Sector 16 Stadium Mahabir Stadium Associations Haryana Archery Association Haryana Cricket Association Teams Haryana cricket team Haryana football team Bhiwani Boxing Club Portal : Haryana Category : Haryana Wikiproject : Haryana State of Punjab, India Capital : Chandigarh Topics Cinema Cuisine Punjabi bhathi Punjabi tandoor Sattu Culture Folk dances Aawat pauni Demographics Economy Education Folklore Punjabi folk religion Sanjhi Gugga Chhapar Mela Sakhi Sarwar Saint Punjabi fasts Bhangala History King Porus Language Gurmukhī Music Bhangra Folk music People Tourism Dress Salwar ( Punjabi ) Suit Punjabi ghagra Patiala salwar Punjabi Tamba and Kurta Phulkari Jutti Calendars Punjabi calendar Nanakshahi calendar Bikrami calendar Fairs and Festival of Punjab India Punjabi festivals Lohri Basant Kite Festival ( Punjab ) Maghi Holi, Punjab Teeyan Rakhri Vaisakhi Religious festivals Hindu Punjabi Festivals Sikh festivals Sports Kabaddi Kabaddi in India Kila Raipur Sports Festival Punjabi Kabaddi Punjabi Suba movement Regions Majha Malwa Doaba Powadh Districts SAS Nagar Sri Amritsar Barnala Bathinda Faridkot Fatehgarh Sahib Fazilka Firozpur Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur Jalandhar Kapurthala Ludhiana Mansa Moga Pathankot Patiala Sri Muktsar Sahib Rupnagar Sangrur Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar Tarn Taran Sahib Major Cities Ludhiana Amritsar Jalandhar Patiala Bathinda Hoshiarpur Mohali Batala Pathankot Moga Million - plus agglomerations in India North Chandigarh Delhi Haryana : Faridabad Jammu and Kashmir : Srinagar Punjab : Ludhiana Amritsar Rajasthan : Jaipur Jodhpur Kota Central Chhattisgarh : Raipur Bhilai Madhya Pradesh : Indore Bhopal Jabalpur Gwalior Uttar Pradesh : Kanpur Lucknow Ghaziabad Agra Varanasi Meerut Allahabad Eastern Bihar : Patna Jharkhand : Jamshedpur Dhanbad Ranchi West Bengal : Kolkata Asansol Western Gujarat : Ahmedabad Surat Vadodara Rajkot Maharashtra : Mumbai Pune Nagpur Nashik Vasai - Virar Aurangabad Southern Andhra Pradesh : Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Karnataka : Bangalore Kerala : Kochi Kozhikode Thrissur Malappuram Thiruvananthapuram Kannur Kollam Tamil Nadu : Chennai Coimbatore Madurai Tiruchirappalli Telangana : Hyderabad ISNI : 0000 0004 4649 9759 GND : 4329340 - 2 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&oldid=804331464 '' Categories : Chandigarh North India Union Territories of India Indian Union Territory capitals Planned cities in India Populated places established in 1948 1948 establishments in India Le Corbusier buildings in India Modernist architecture in India Hidden categories : CS1 errors : external links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May 2016 Use Indian English from June 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from August 2016 Coordinates on Wikidata Articles with hAudio microformats Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Languages Afrikaans تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - 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Question: which city is known as the city of roses in india
Answer: Chandigarh