Tincture of iodine - wikipedia Tincture of iodine This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2008 ) Iodine tincture Tincture of iodine ( povidone preparation ) used to disinfect the area around an epidural catheter. Clinical data AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph Pregnancy category Routes of administration Topical ATCvet code QD08AG ( WHO ) Identifiers IUPAC name diiodane CAS Number 7553 - 56 - 2 PubChem CID 807 DrugBank DB05382 Chemical and physical data Formula Tincture of iodine, iodine tincture, or weak iodine solution is an antiseptic. It is usually 2 -- 7 % elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. Tincture solutions are characterized by the presence of alcohol. It was used from 1908 in pre-operative skin preparation by surgeon Antonio Grossich. In the United Kingdom the development of an iodine solution for skin sterilisation was pioneered by Lionel Stretton. The British Medical Journal published the detail of his work at Kidderminster Infirmary in 1909. Stretton used a much weaker solution than that used by Grossich. He claimed in 1915 that Grossich had been using a liquid akin to Liquor Iodi Fortis, and that it was he, Stretton, who had introduced the method using Tincture of Iodine BP which came to be used across the world. Contents 1 USP formulas 2 Usage 3 See also 4 References 5 External links USP formulas USP Tincture of Iodine is defined in the U.S. National Formulary ( NF ) as containing in each 100 mL, 1.8 to 2.2 grams of elemental iodine, and 2.1 to 2.6 grams of sodium iodide. Alcohol is 50 mL and the balance is purified water. This `` 2 % free iodine '' solution provides about one mg of free iodine per drop. USP Strong Iodine Tincture is defined in the NF as containing in each 100 mL, 6.8 to 7.5 gram of iodine, and 4.7 to 5.5 gram of potassium iodide. Purified water is 50 mL and the balance is alcohol. This 7 % tincture solution is about 3.5 times more concentrated than USP 2 % tincture. As in the case of Lugol 's iodine, the role of iodide in the solution is to increase the solubility of the elemental iodine, by turning it to the soluble triiodide anion I. However, since iodine has moderate solubility in ethanol, it is also assisted by this solvent directly. Lugol 's iodine, by contrast, has no alcohol, and has twice the mass of potassium iodide as of elemental iodine. Alcohol content in the tincture of iodine can be determined by the methods of Alcock, Roscoe - Schorlemmer and Thurston - Thurston. Usage As both USP solutions contain elemental iodine, which is moderately toxic when ingested in amounts larger than those required to disinfect water, tincture of iodine is sold labelled `` for external use only, '' and used primarily as a disinfectant. Tincture of iodine is often found in emergency survival kits, used both to disinfect wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking. When an alcohol solution is not desirable for this purpose, the alcohol - free Lugol 's iodine, an aqueous solution of iodine in potassium iodide solution, or else povidone - iodine ( brand names Wokadine, Betadine ), a PVPI solution, can be used. Small amounts may be added to suspect drinking water as a disinfectant ( typically 5 mg free iodine per liter, or 5 drops of 2 % tincture ). Though this treatment is effective against bacteria and virus, it does not protect against protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Iodine solution is used to sanitize the surface of fruit and vegetables for bacteria and virus. The common concentration for sanitization is 25 ppm idophor for 1 minute. However, the effectiveness depends on whether the solution penetrates into rifts, and whether dirt is effectively removed at first. But, oocytes of protozoan parasites will not be killed, and it is also doubtful that bacterial spores are killed. Iodine solutions should not be considered able to sanitize or disinfect salad, fruit or vegetables that are contaminated by feces. Thus, it should not be considered safe to eat raw fruit, salads and vegetables which are sanitized with iodine, if they could be contaminated by feces. Iodine tincture is not a recommended source of solely - nutritional iodine. Nutritional iodine is better supplied in the form of the less toxic iodide ( see SSKI ) or iodate salts, which the body can easily convert to thyroid hormone. Nevertheless, the iodide in tincture of iodine used as a water disinfectant does supply more than adequate nutritional iodine, perhaps 30 or more times the recommended daily allowance per liter or quart. Application of tincture or Lugol 's to the skin also results in absorption and bioavailability of some moderate fraction of the iodine. See also Antiseptic Cadexomer iodine Chlorhexidine Iodophor Inadine Povidone - iodine Lugol 's iodine Brilliant green ( dye ) References Jump up ^ Seymor S. Block ( 2001 ). Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, 5e. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 922. ISBN 978 - 0 - 683 - 30740 - 5. Retrieved 7 January 2013. Jump up ^ Barefanger, Joan ( 1 May 2004 ). `` Comparison of chlorhexidine and tincture of iodine for skin antisepsis in preparation of blood sample collection ''. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 42 ( 5 ) : 2216 -- 2217. doi : 10.1128 / JCM. 42.5. 2216 - 2217.2004. PMC 404630. PMID 15131193. Retrieved 14 October 2017. Jump up ^ Stretton, J. Lionel ( 14 August 1909 ). `` The Sterilization of the Skin of Operation Areas ''. British Medical Journal. 2 ( 2537 ) : 368 -- 369. ISSN 0007 - 1447. PMC 2320536. PMID 20764617. Jump up ^ Stretton, J. Lionel ( 22 May 1915 ). `` The Sterilisation of the Skin with Tincture of Iodine ''. British Medical Journal. 1 ( 2838 ) : 886 -- 887. ISSN 0007 - 1447. PMC 2302255. PMID 20767647. Jump up ^ Thurston, A.N. ; Thurston, Azor ( 1912 ). `` Determination of alcohol in tincture of iodine ''. The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association ( 1912 ). 1 ( 10 ) : 1155. doi : 10.1002 / jps. 3080011017. ISSN 0898 - 140X. Jump up ^ A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( 1 ). Retrieved 14 February 2015. Jump up ^ Sanitizers and Disinfectants : The Chemicals of Prevention, Foodsafety Magazine ( 2 ). Retrieved 14 February 2015. Jump up ^ Surface decontamination of fruit and vegetable eaten raw ( 3 ). Retrieved 14 February 2015. External links Health Canada Drinking water quality See the section on : water away from home Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tincture_of_iodine&oldid=863900736 '' Categories : Antiseptics Disinfectants Iodine Tinctures Hidden categories : CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Articles needing additional references from March 2008 All articles needing additional references Pages using deprecated image syntax Template : drugs.com link with non-standard subpage Infobox drug articles with non-default infobox title Articles without EBI source Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID Articles without KEGG source Articles without InChI source Articles without UNII source Drugs with no legal status Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Français 한국어 Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Occitan Polski Português Simple English Slovenčina Türkçe 粵語 中文 11 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 October 2018, at 20 : 36 ( UTC ). 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Question: what is the solvent in tincture of iodine
Answer: ethanol