Temple of Hercules Victor - wikipedia Temple of Hercules Victor The Temple of Hercules Victor, in the Forum Boarium. Detail of capitals The Temple of Hercules Victor ( ' Hercules the Winner ' ) ( Italian : Tempio di Ercole Vincitore ) or Hercules Olivarius is a Roman temple in Piazza Bocca della Verità, in the area of the Forum Boarium close to the Tiber in Rome. It is a tholos - a round temple of Greek ' peripteral ' design completely encircled by a colonnade. This layout caused it to be mistaken for a temple of Vesta until it was correctly identified by Napoleon 's Prefect of Rome, Camille de Tournon. Despite ( or perhaps due to ) the Forum Boarium 's role as the cattle - market for ancient Rome, the Temple of Hercules is the subject of a folk belief claiming that neither flies nor dogs will enter the holy place. Contents 1 Description 2 Identification 3 Post-Classical history 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Description Dating from the later 2nd century BC, and perhaps erected by L. Mummius Achaicus, conqueror of the Achaeans and destroyer of Corinth, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall, resting on a tuff foundation. These elements supported an architrave and roof, which have disappeared. The original wall of the cella, built of travertine and marble blocks, and nineteen of the originally twenty columns remain but the current tile roof was added later. Palladio 's published reconstruction suggested a dome, though this was apparently erroneous. The temple is the earliest surviving marble building in Rome. Identification Its major literary sources are two almost identical passages, one in Servius ' commentary on the Aeneid ( viii. 363 ) and the other in Macrobius ' Saturnalia. Though Servius mentions that aedes duae sunt, `` there are two sacred temples '', the earliest Roman calendars mention but one festival, on 13 August, to Hercules Victor and Hercules Invictus interchangeably. C.W. Eckersberg, Vesta Temple in Rome, 1814 - 1816, Nivaagaards Malerisamling. Post-classical History By 1132 the temple had been converted to a church, known as Santo Stefano alle Carozze ( St. Stephen ' of the carriages ' ). Additional restorations ( and a fresco over the altar ) were made in 1475. A plaque in the floor was dedicated by Sixtus IV. In the 17th century the church was rededicated to Santa Maria del Sole ( `` St. Mary of the Sun '' ). The temple and the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli were an inspiration for Bramante 's Tempietto and other High Renaissance churches of centralized plan. The temple was recognized officially as an ancient monument in 1935 and restored in 1996. Notes Jump up ^ ``... houses built into the round Temple of ' Vesta ', which de Tournon correctly identified as of Hercules Victor, were removed '' in 1811 ( Salmon 1995, 150 ). Jump up ^ Leone Battista Alberti, Architecture, trans. James Leoni ( 1755 ), p. 117. Jump up ^ For its dating, see Ziolkowski 1988, 314ff ; Ziolkowski 's argument for its dedicator and criticisms of other scholars ' candidates : 316ff. Jump up ^ sed Romae victoris Herculis aedes duae sunt, unam ad Portam Geminam, alia ad Forum Boarium. Jump up ^ Noted by Ziolkowski 1988 : 309 and notes ; the other temple was that of Hercules Invictus ad Circum Maximum. Jump up ^ Adam Ziolkowski 1988 : 311 and note 6 demonstrates the interchangeability that developed for the two originally separate epithets. Jump up ^ See Alessandro Pergoli Campanelli, Restauro del cosiddetto Tempio di Vesta, in `` AR '', XXXV, 32, novembre - dicembre 2000, pp. 26 - 30. References Alberti, Leone Battista. Architecture, 1755, tr. Leoni, James. Claridge, Amanda. Oxford Archaeological Guides - Rome. Oxford University Press, 1998 Coarelli, Filippo. Guida Archeologica di Roma. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, 1989. Salmon, Frank ( 1995 ). `` ' Storming the Campo Vaccino ' : British Architects and the Antique Buildings of Rome after Waterloo ''. Architectural History. 38 : 146 -- 175. JSTOR 1568626. Woodward, Christopher. The Buildings of Europe - Rome. page 30, Manchester University Press, 1995. ISBN 0 - 7190 - 4032 - 9 Ziolkowski, Adam ( 1988 ). `` Mummius ' Temple of Hercules Victor and the Round Temple on the Tiber ''. Phoenix. 42 ( 4 ) : 309 -- 333. JSTOR 1088657. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temple of Hercules ( Rome ). Detailed photographs of the interior and features of the building High - resolution 360 ° Panoramas and Images of Temple of Hercules Art Atlas Coordinates : 41 ° 53 ′ 19 '' N 12 ° 28 ′ 51 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 41.8887 ° N 12.4808 ° E ﻿ / 41.8887 ; 12.4808 Landmarks of Rome Bridges Pons Cestius Pons Fabricius Ponte Milvio Ponte Sant'Angelo Ponte Sisto Basilicas and churches St. Peter 's Basilica Sistine Chapel Archbasilica of St. John Lateran Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls Catacombs Church of the Gesù San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Santa Croce in Gerusalemme Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri Santa Maria in Cosmedin Santa Maria in Trastevere Santa Prassede Santa Sabina Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza Santa Maria della Vittoria Santa Maria del Popolo San Pietro in Vincoli Architecture and art Villas Villa of Livia Villa of the Quintilii Villa of the sette bassi Temples Pantheon Temple of Castor and Pollux Temple of Hercules Victor Temple of Portunus Temple of Saturn Temple of Vesta Architecture Altare della Patria Ara Pacis Aurelian Walls Baths of Caracalla Castel Sant'Angelo Circus Maximus Colosseum Column of Marcus Aurelius Comitium Imperial fora Largo di Torre Argentina Mausoleum of Augustus Obelisks Palazzo Barberini Palazzo Farnese Piazza Navona Pyramid of Cestius Roman Forum Servian Wall Spanish Steps Theatre of Marcellus Theatre of Pompey Tiber Island Torre dei Capocci Torre delle Milizie Trajan 's Column Trajan 's Market Art Apollo Belvedere Augustus of Prima Porta La Bocca della Verità Laocoön and His Sons Ecstasy of Saint Teresa Sistine Chapel ceiling Fountains Fontana dell'Acqua Felice Fontana dell'Acqua Paola Trevi Fountain Seven Hills Aventine Caelian Capitoline Esquiline Palatine Quirinal Viminal Parks and gardens Villa Ada Villa Borghese gardens Villa Doria Pamphili Villa Medici Villa Torlonia Parco degli Acquedotti Piazzas and public spaces Campo de ' Fiori Piazza Colonna Piazza d'Aracoeli Piazza del Popolo Piazza della Minerva Piazza della Repubblica Piazza Farnese Piazza Navona Piazza di Spagna Piazza Venezia Streets Appian Way Clivus Capitolinus Via del Corso Via della Conciliazione Via dei Fori Imperiali Via Sacra Via Veneto Museums Vatican Museums Galleria Borghese Doria Pamphilj Gallery Museum of Roman Civilization Capitoline Museums National Roman Museum National Museum of Oriental Art Palaces Palazzo Farnese Palazzo Colonna Palazzo Chigi Palazzo Barberini Palazzo Riario Palazzo Pamphilj Quirinal Palace Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Castello Orsini - Odescalchi Hadrian 's Villa Villa Aldobrandini Villa d'Este Villa Farnese Events and traditions Festa della Repubblica Rome Quadriennale Rome Film Festival Related Vatican City St. Peter 's Square VIAF : 253022269 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Hercules_Victor&oldid=849462409 '' Categories : 2nd - century BC religious buildings Temples of the Forum Boarium Temples of Heracles Conversion of non-Christian places of worship into churches Deconsecrated Roman Catholic churches in Rome Rome R. 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Question: when was the temple of hercules victor built
Answer: the later 2nd century BC