Group of eight - Wikipedia Group of eight `` G8 '' redirects here. For other uses, see G8 ( disambiguation ). Group of Eight Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russia ( excluded ) United Kingdom United States European Union The G8, reformatted as G7 from 2014 due to Russia 's exclusion, was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014, with the participation of the major industrialized countries in the world, that viewed themselves as democracies. The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments : France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the political forum from 1997, which the following year became known as the G8. In March 2014 Russia was suspended following the annexation of Crimea, whereupon the political forum name reverted to G7. In 2017 Russia announced its permanent withdrawal from the G8. Some representatives of G7 countries stated that they would be interested in Russia 's return to the group. The European Union was represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a `` nonenumerated '' participant, but originally could not host or chair summits. The 40th summit was the first time the European Union was able to host and chair a summit. Collectively, in 2012 the G8 nations comprised 50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP ( PPP ). `` G7 '' can refer to the member states in aggregate or to the annual summit meeting of the G7 heads of government. G7 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7 finance ministers ( who meet four times a year ), G7 foreign ministers, or G7 environment ministers. Each calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 was rotated through the member states in the following order : France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia ( excluded ), Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. The holder of the presidency sets the agenda, hosts the summit for that year, and determines which ministerial meetings will take place. In 2005, the UK government initiated the practice of inviting five leading emerging markets -- Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa -- to participate in the G8 meetings that came to be known as G8 + 5 ; but this practice was short - lived. With the G - 20 major economies growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit, world leaders from the group announced at their Pittsburgh summit in September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Nevertheless, the G7 retains its relevance as a `` steering group for the West '', with special significance appointed to Japan. Contents 1 History 1.1 Food 1.2 Russia ′ s participation suspension ( 2014 ) 2 Structure and activities 2.1 Global energy 2.2 Annual summit 3 Member facts 4 Criticism 5 Relevance 6 Youth 8 Summit 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links History Main article : Group of Seven § History Following 1994 's G7 summit in Naples, Russian officials held separate meetings with leaders of the G7 after the group 's summits. This informal arrangement was dubbed the Political 8 ( P8 ) -- or, colloquially, the G7 + 1. At the invitation of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and U.S. President Bill Clinton, President Boris Yeltsin was invited first as a guest observer, later as a full participant. It was seen as a way to encourage Yeltsin with his capitalist reforms. Russia formally joined the group in 1998, resulting in the Group of Eight, or G8. Food This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2017 ) A major focus of the G8 since 2009 has been the global supply of food. At the 2009 L'Aquila summit, the G8 's members promised to contribute $22 billion to the issue. By 2015, 93 % of funds had been disbursed. At the 2012 summit, President Barack Obama asked G8 leaders to adopt the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition initiative to `` help the rural poor produce more food and sell it in thriving local and regional markets as well as on the global market. '' Russia ′ s participation suspension ( 2014 ) On 24 March 2014, the non-Russian G8 members cancelled the planned G8 summit that was to be held in June that year in the Russian city of Sochi, and suspended Russia ′ s membership of the group, due to Russia 's annexation of Crimea ; nevertheless, they stopped short of outright permanent expulsion. Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov downplayed the importance of the decision by the U.S. and its allies, and pointed up that major international decisions were taken by the G20 countries. Later on, the Italian Foreign Affairs minister Federica Mogherini and other Italian authorities, along with the EastWest Institute board member Wolfgang Ischinger, suggested that Russia may restore its membership in the group. In April 2015, the German foreign minister Frank - Walter Steinmeier said that Russia would be welcomed to return to G8 provided the Minsk Protocol was implemented. In 2016, he added that `` none of the major international conflicts can be solved without Russia '', and the G7 countries will consider Russia 's return to the group in 2017. The same year, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe called for Russia 's return to G8, stating that Russia 's involvement is `` crucial to tackling multiple crises in the Middle East ''. In January 2017, the Italian foreign minister Angelino Alfano said that Italy hopes for `` resuming the G8 format with Russia and ending the atmosphere of the Cold War ''. On 13 January 2017, Russia announced that it would permanently leave the G8 grouping. Nonetheless, Christian Lindner, the leader of Free Democratic Party of Germany and member of the Bundestag, said that Putin should be `` asked to join the table of the G7 '' so that one could `` talk with him and not about him '', and `` we can not make all things dependent on the situation in Crimea ''. In April 2018, the German politicians and members of the Bundestag Sahra Wagenknecht and Alexander Graf Lambsdorff said that Russia should be invited back to the group and attend the 2018 summit in Canada : `` Russia should again be at the table during the ( June ) summit at the latest '' because `` peace in Europe and also in the Middle East is only possible with Russia ''. Structure and activities Leaders of the G8 on 18 June 2013, in Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom By design, the G8 deliberately lacked an administrative structure like those for international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Bank. The group does not have a permanent secretariat, or offices for its members. The presidency of the group rotates annually among member countries, with each new term beginning on 1 January of the year. The rotation order is : France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia ( suspended ), Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. The country holding the presidency is responsible for planning and hosting a series of ministerial - level meetings, leading up to a mid-year summit attended by the heads of government. The president of the European Commission participates as an equal in all summit events. The ministerial meetings bring together ministers responsible for various portfolios to discuss issues of mutual or global concern. The range of topics include health, law enforcement, labor, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism, and trade. There are also a separate set of meetings known as the G8 + 5, created during the 2005 Gleneagles, Scotland summit, that is attended by finance and energy ministers from all eight member countries in addition to the five `` outreach countries '' which are also known as the Group of Five -- Brazil, People 's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and South Africa. In June 2005, justice ministers and interior ministers from the G8 countries agreed to launch an international database on pedophiles. The G8 officials also agreed to pool data on terrorism, subject to restrictions by privacy and security laws in individual countries. Global energy Main articles : International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation and Climate Investment Funds G8 leaders confer during the 2009 summit in L'Aquila ( Abruzzo, Italy ). At the Heiligendamm Summit in 2007, the G8 acknowledged a proposal from the EU for a worldwide initiative on efficient energy use. They agreed to explore, along with the International Energy Agency, the most effective means to promote energy efficiency internationally. A year later, on 8 June 2008, the G8 along with China, India, South Korea and the European Community established the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation, at the Energy Ministerial meeting hosted by Japan holding 2008 G8 Presidency, in Aomori. G8 Finance Ministers, whilst in preparation for the 34th Summit of the G8 Heads of State and Government in Toyako, Hokkaido, met on the 13 and 14 June 2008, in Osaka, Japan. They agreed to the `` G8 Action Plan for Climate Change to Enhance the Engagement of Private and Public Financial Institutions. '' In closing, Ministers supported the launch of new Climate Investment Funds ( CIFs ) by the World Bank, which will help existing efforts until a new framework under the UNFCCC is implemented after 2012. The UNFCCC is not on track to meeting any of its stated goals. Annual summit Main article : Group of Seven § List of summits The first G8 summit was held in 1997 after Russia formally joined the G7 group, and the last one was held in 2013. The 2014 summit was scheduled to be held in Russia. However, due to the Crimean crisis, the other seven countries decided to hold a separate meeting without Russia as a G7 summit in Brussels, Belgium. Member facts The G8 leaders at the 36th summit in Huntsville, Ontario. Left to right : Cameron, Van Rompuy ( European Council ), Harper, Medvedev, Kan, Berlusconi, Obama, Barroso ( European Commission ), Merkel, Sarkozy. 7 of the 7 top - ranked advanced economies with the largest GDP and with the highest national wealth ( United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada ) last century also known as G7. 7 of the 15 top - ranked countries with the highest net wealth per capita ( United States, France, Japan, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Germany ) 8 of 12 top - ranked leading export countries. 6 of 10 top - ranked countries with the largest gold reserves ( United States, Germany, Italy, France, Russia, Japan ). 8 of 12 top - ranked economies ( by nominal GDP ), according to latest ( 2016 data ) International Monetary Fund 's statistics. 5 countries with a nominal GDP per capita above US $40,000 ( United States, Canada, Germany, France, United Kingdom ). 5 countries with a sovereign wealth fund, administered by either a national or a state / provincial government ( Russia, United States, France, Canada, Italy ). 8 of 30 top - ranked nations with large amounts of foreign - exchange reserves in their central banks. 4 out of 9 countries having nuclear weapons ( France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States ). plus 2 countries that have nuclear weapon sharing programs ( Germany, Italy ). 7 of the 9 largest nuclear energy producers ( United States, France, Japan, Russia, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom ), although Germany announced in 2011 that it will close all of its nuclear power plants by 2022. Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Japan shut down all of its nuclear reactors. However, Japan restarted several nuclear reactors, with the refueling of other reactors underway. 8 of the 10 top donors to the UN budget for the 2016 annual fiscal year. 5 countries with a HDI index for 2015 of 0.9 and higher ( United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada ). 2 countries with the highest credit rating from Standard & Poor 's, Fitch, and Moody 's at the same time ( Canada and Germany ). 2 countries that retain the death penalty in law and practice ( Japan and the United States ; Russia retains the death penalty, but the regulations of the Council of Europe prohibit it from carrying out any executions ). 2 countries consist of islands and have left - hand traffic ( Japan and the United Kingdom ; in the US Virgin Islands, they have left - hand traffic to remain compatible with the British Virgin Islands, but the rest of the United States has right - hand traffic ). In the G8 states, 6 languages have official status : English in 2 countries ( Canada and the United Kingdom ) ; French in 2 countries ( Canada and France ) ; and German, Italian, Japanese, and Russian in 1 country each ( Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia respectively ). The United States has no official language at the federal level. Criticism 20 July 2001, 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy : Protesters burn a police vehicle Some criticism centres on the assertion that members of G8 do not do enough to help global problems, due to strict patent policy and other issues related to globalization. In Unraveling Global Apartheid, political analyst Titus Alexander described the G7, as it was in 1996, as the ' cabinet ' of global minority rule, with a coordinating role in world affairs. The Heritage Foundation has criticized the G8 for advocating food security without making room for economic freedom. Relevance The G8 's relevance has been subject to debate from 2008 onward. It represented the major industrialized countries but critics argued that the G8 no longer represented the world 's most powerful economies, as China has surpassed every economy but the United States. Vladimir Putin did not attend the 2012 G8 summit at Camp David, causing Foreign Policy ( FP ) magazine to remark that the summit has generally outlived its usefulness as a viable international gathering of foreign leaders. Two years later, Russia was suspended from the G8, then chose to leave permanently in January 2017. The G20 major economies leaders ' summit has had an increased level of international prestige and influence. However, British Prime Minister David Cameron said of the G8 in 2012 : Some people ask, does the G8 still matter, when we have a Group of 20 ? My answer is, yes. The G8 is a group of like - minded countries that share a belief in free enterprise as the best route to growth. As eight countries making up about half the world 's gross domestic product, the standards we set, the commitments we make, and the steps we take can help solve vital global issues, fire up economies and drive prosperity all over the world. Youth 8 summit The Y8 Summit or simply Y8, formerly known as the G8 Youth Summit is the youth counterpart to the G8 summit. The first summit to use the name Y8 took place in May 2012 in Puebla, Mexico, alongside the Youth G8 that took place in Washington, D.C. the same year. The Y8 Summit brings together young leaders from G8 nations and the European Union to facilitate discussions of international affairs, promote cross-cultural understanding, and build global friendships. The conference closely follows the formal negotiation procedures of the G8 Summit. The Y8 Summit represents the innovative voice of young adults between the age of 18 and 35. The delegates jointly come up with a consensus - based written statement in the end, the Final Communiqué. This document is subsequently presented to G8 leaders in order to inspire positive change. The Y8 Summit is organised annually by a global network of youth - led organisations called The IDEA ( The International Diplomatic Engagement Association ). The organisations undertake the selection processes for their respective national delegations, while the hosting country is responsible for organising the summit. Now, several youth associations are supporting and getting involved in the project. For instance, every year, the Young European Leadership association is recruiting and sending EU Delegates. The goal of the Y8 Summit is to bring together young people from around the world to allow the voices and opinions of young generations to be heard and to encourage them to take part in global decision - making processes. Summit Year Host country Location held 1st International Student Model G8 2006 Russia Saint Petersburg 2nd Model G8 Youth Summit 2007 Germany Berlin 3rd Model G8 Youth Summit 2008 Japan Yokohama 4th G8 Youth Summit 2009 Italy Milano 5th G8 Youth Summit Canada Muskoka & Toronto 6th G8 Youth Summit 2011 France Paris * * Y8 Summit 2012 Mexico Puebla 7th G8 Youth Summit 2012 USA Washington D.C. 8th Y8 summit 2013 UK London 9th Y8 summit 2014 Russia Moscow * The Y8 Summit 2014 in Moscow was suspended due to the suspension of Russia from the G8. See also D - 8 Organization for Economic Cooperation Developing 8 Countries Forum for the Future ( Bahrain 2005 ) G3 Free Trade Agreement G4 ( EU ) G - 20 major economies Great Powers Group of Two Group of Eleven Group of 15 Group of 24 Group of 30 Junior 8 List of countries by GDP ( nominal ) List of countries by military expenditures List of country groupings List of G8 leaders List of G8 summit resorts List of longest serving G8 leaders List of multilateral free - trade agreements North -- South divide World Social Forum References Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/new<s/world/politics/russia-g8-kremlin-crimea-ukraine-vladimir-putin-g7-g20-a7525836.html Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/new<s/world/politics/russia-g8-kremlin-crimea-ukraine-vladimir-putin-g7-g20-a7525836.html ^ Jump up to : `` The Group of Eight ( G8 ) Industrialized Nations ''. CFR. ^ Jump up to : `` U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8 ''. CNN.com. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 25. 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Jump up ^ Enenkel, Kathrin ( 2009 ). G8 Youth Summit and Europe 's Voice 2009 : Results and Reflexions. Further reading Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. ( 2000 ). Hanging in There : The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire : Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7546 - 1185 - 1 ; OCLC 43186692 Haas, P.M. ( 1992 ). `` Introduction. Epistemic communities and international policy coordination, '' International Organization 46, 1 : 1 -- 35. Hajnal, Peter I. ( 1999 ). The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation. Aldershot, Hampshire : Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754645504 ; OCLC 277231920 Kokotsis, Eleonore. ( 1999 ). Keeping International Commitments : Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988 -- 1995. New York : Garland Publishing. ISBN 9780815333326 ; OCLC 40460131 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. ( 1998 ). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London : Routledge. ISBN 978 - 0 - 203 - 45085 - 7 ; OCLC 39013643 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to G8. Wikinews has news related to : G8 G8 Information Centre, G8 Research Group, University of Toronto `` Special Report : G8 '', Guardian Unlimited `` Profile : G8 '', BBC News `` We are deeply concerned. Again '', New Statesman, 4 July 2005, -- G8 development concerns since 1977 G8 Information Centre Finance Ministers Meetings `` G8 : Cooking the books wo n't feed anyone '', Oxfam International `` Dear G8 Leaders, do n't lie about your aid '', Oxfam International Blogs `` Wait, the G - 8 still exists ? '', Foreign Policy Magazine `` Is this the last G - 8 summit meeting ? '', Foreign Policy Magazine https://www.un.org/french/pubs/chronique/2006/numero1/0106p54.htm `` The Group of Eight, ECOSOC and the Constitutional Paradox '' No. of G8 Summit Protestors ( 1998 - 2015 ) Katapult - Magazin Links to related articles Group of Seven ( G7 ) G6 G8 G8 + 5 G14 Member countries G7 Canada France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom United States G8 Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russia United Kingdom United States Representative European Union G8 + 5 G8 Brazil China India Mexico South Africa G7 + 1 G7 Russia G6 France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom United States Current politicians Leaders Trudeau Macron Merkel Gentiloni Abe May Trump Tusk Juncker Foreign ministers Freeland Le Drian Gabriel Alfano Kōno Johnson Pompeo Mogherini Finance ministers Morneau Le Maire Schäuble Padoan Asō Hammond Mnuchin Moscovici Defence ministers Sajjan Parly von der Leyen Pinotti Onodera Fallon Mattis Justice ministers Wilson - Raybould Belloubet Maas Orlando Kamikawa Truss Sessions Jourová Interior ministers Goodale Collomb de Maizière Minniti Noda Rudd Kelly Avramopoulos Central bank governors Poloz Villeroy de Galhau Weidmann Visco Kuroda Carney Yellen Draghi Summits 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Agreements Louvre Accord Heiligendamm Process Muskoka Initiative Gleneagles Dialogue Climate Change Roundtable Lists Leaders Longest serving Summit resorts Junior 8 See also G - 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11 ) Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) Uniting for Consensus Global United Nations ( UN ) GND : 4550251 - 1 NDL : 01132371 VIAF : 238769742 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_of_Eight&oldid=843016072 '' Categories : G8 Economic country classifications Defunct intergovernmental organizations International economic organizations 20th - century diplomatic conferences 21st - century diplomatic conferences Organizations established in 1997 2014 disestablishments Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Webarchive template wayback links CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) Use dmy dates from January 2018 Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Буряад Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Gaeilge Gaelg Gagauz Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Ligure Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ភាសា ខ្មែរ Română Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Tarandíne Татарча / tatarça Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Vèneto Tiếng Việt 吴语 ייִדיש 粵語 Zazaki 中文 72 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 May 2018, at 08 : 27. 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Question: what does the g mean in g8 summit
Answer: Group