All - American Girls Professional baseball league - wikipedia All - American Girls Professional baseball league All - American Girls Professional Baseball League Sport Baseball Founded 1943 Founder Philip K. Wrigley Inaugural season May 30, 1943 Ceased September 5, 1954 Claim to fame 999 Motto Do or Die ! No. of teams 15 Last champion ( s ) Kalamazoo Lassies Most titles Rockford Peaches ( 4 ) Official website aagpbl.org The All - American Girls Professional Baseball League was a women 's professional baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. Over 600 women played in the league. In 1948, league attendance peaked over 900,000 spectators in attendance. The Rockford Peaches won a league - best four championships while playing in the AAGPBL. For most of the league 's history, manager Bill Allington coached different teams and led the league in career wins as a manager. The 1992 motion picture A League of Their Own tells a fictionalized account of the Rockford Peaches. Contents 1 History 2 Legacy 3 Rules of play 4 Uniforms 5 Theme song 6 Teams 7 League champions 8 AAGPBL Players Association 9 National Women 's Baseball Hall of Fame inductees 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links History Although the title All - American Girls Professional Baseball League, or AAGPBL, is commonly used today, it was official for only two seasons. The league was founded as the All - American Girls Softball League. In 1943, the name was changed to the All - American Girls Baseball League. In 1949 and 1950 the league was called the All - American Girls Professional Baseball League and from 1951 to 1954 the league adopted American Girls ' Baseball League. The league went through three periods of ownership. The League was owned by chewing gum mogul Philip K. Wrigley from 1943 to 1945, Arthur Meyerhoff from 1945 to 1951, and the teams were individually owned from 1951 to 1954. In 1947 and 1948, spring training exhibition games were held at the Gran Stadium in Havana, Cuba. Part of a series on the History of baseball Origins Early years First league Knickerbocker Rules Massachusetts rules Philadelphia town ball Alexander Cartwright Doc Adams Doubleday myth First pro team First pro league Team nicknames By country United States Outside the United States Australia Canada Cuba Greece India Ireland Israel Japan South Korea Netherlands Nicaragua Palau Philippines Puerto Rico Spain United Kingdom Venezuela Other topics Negro league baseball Cuban League Women in baseball Minor League Baseball Comparison with cricket Baseball ( TV documentary series ) Baseball Hall of Fame Society for American Baseball Research Years in baseball Major League Baseball seasons Related games Stoolball Rounders Old cat Softball Pesäpallo Baseball portal The teams generally played in Midwestern cities. The South Bend Blue Sox and the Rockford Peaches were the only two teams that stayed in their home cities for the full 12 - year period of the AAGPBL 's existence. With America 's entry into World War II, several major league baseball executives started a new professional league with women players in order to maintain baseball in the public eye while the majority of able men were away. The founders included Wrigley, Branch Rickey and Paul V. Harper. They feared that Major League Baseball would cease, due to the war. Initial tryouts were held at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The name of the league is something of a misnomer, as the AAGPBL never played regulation baseball. In the first season, the league played a game that was a hybrid of baseball and softball. The ball was 12 inches in circumference, the size of a regulation softball ( regulation baseballs are 9 to 9 ​ ⁄ inches ). The pitcher 's mound was only forty feet from home plate, closer even than in regulation softball and much closer than the baseball distance of 60 feet, 6 inches. Pitchers threw underhand windmill, like in softball, and the distance between bases was 65 feet, five feet longer than in softball but 25 feet shorter than in baseball. Major similarities between the AAGPBL and baseball included nine player teams and the use of a pitcher 's mound ( softball pitchers throw from flat ground ). By 1948 the ball had shrunk to 10 3 / 8 inches, overhand pitching was allowed, and the mound was moved back to 50 feet. Over the history of the league, the rules continued to gradually approach those of baseball. By the final season in 1954, the ball was regulation baseball size, the mound was moved back to 60 feet, and the basepaths were extended to 85 feet ( still five feet shorter than in regulation baseball ). Salaries ranged from $45 -- $85 ( or $636 -- $1202 in 2017 dollars ) a week during the first years of play to about $125 ( or $1179 in 2017 dollars ) per week in later years. First AAGPBL players signed in 1943 : Back, L-R : Claire Schillace, Ann Harnett and Edythe Perlick. Seated : Shirley Jameson. Photo courtesy of Northern Indiana Center for History Collection. The uniforms worn by the female ballplayers consisted of a belted, short - sleeved tunic dress with a slight flare of the skirt. Rules stated that skirts were to be worn no more than six inches above the knee, but the regulation was most often ignored in order to facilitate running and fielding. A circular team logo was sewn on the front of each dress, and baseball caps featured elastic bands in the back so that they were one - size - fits - all Ann Harnett became the first girl to sign with the All - Americans, being followed by Shirley Jameson, Edythe Perlick and Claire Schillace. During spring training the girls were required to attend Helena Rubinstein 's evening charm school classes. The proper etiquette for every situation was taught, and every aspect of personal hygiene, mannerisms and dress code was presented to all the players. In an effort to make each player as physically attractive as possible, each player received a beauty kit and instructions on how to use it. As a part of the leagues ' Rules of Conduct ', the girls were not permitted to have short hair, smoke or drink in public places, and they were required to wear lipstick at all times. Fines for not following the leagues rules of conduct were five dollars for the first offense, ten for the second, and suspension for the third. During the 1946 -- 1948 seasons the league went on the road for spring training. They went to Mississippi in 1946, Havana, Cuba in 1947 and to Florida in 1948. The AAGPBL peaked in attendance during the 1948 season, when 10 teams attracted 910,000 paid fans. The Rockford Peaches won the most league championships with four ( 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950 ). The Milwaukee / Grand Rapids Chicks were second with three ( 1944 in Milwaukee, 1947 and 1953 in Grand Rapids ). The Racine Belles ( 1943 and 1946 ) and the South Bend Blue Sox ( 1951 and 1952 ) each won two, and the Kalamazoo Lassies won in the league 's final season ( 1954 ). Bill Allington was the most successful manager in the league 's history. From 1945 to 1954, he posted a 583 - 398 record for a. 594 winning percentage, never had a losing season and is the all - time leader in victories in the league. He also was an active talent scout for the league. Allington reached the playoff eight times, winning the AAGPBL Championship Title in 1945 and in consecutive years from 1948 to 1956. Legacy Bronze sculpture at the Baseball Hall of Fame The 1992 film A League of Their Own, although fictionalized, covers the founding and play of this league. Geena Davis, Lori Petty, Rosie O'Donnell, Madonna, and Tom Hanks were the stars of the film, which was directed by Penny Marshall. Lois Siegel documented the All - American Girls Professional Baseball League in her film Baseball Girls, which was produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Olive Little threw the first no - hitter in team and league history. Several histories of the AAGPBL have been published in book form. Although the AAGPBL was the first recorded professional women 's baseball league, women had played baseball since the nineteenth century. The first known women 's baseball team played at Vassar College in 1866, while barnstorming Bloomer Girls teams ( sometimes including men ) flourished from the 1890s to the 1930s. There were at least three women players in the professional Negro Leagues -- Toni Stone, Mamie Johnson and Connie Morgan. Baseball Hall of Fame members Max Carey and Jimmie Foxx managed teams in the AAGPBL. Pitcher Annabelle Lee - who pitched the first perfect game in AAGPBL history - was the aunt of Bill Lee, who had a 13 - year career with the Boston Red Sox and Montreal Expos. AAGPBL player Helen Callaghan was the mother of major leaguer Casey Candaele, who played for three different teams in the 1980s and 1990s. Rules of play Main article : AAGPBL Rules of Play Uniforms The uniform was a one - piece short - skirted flared tunic. It was modeled after the figure skating, field hockey, and tennis outfits of the period. The uniforms included satin shorts, knee - high baseball socks, and a baseball cap. Theme song The theme song made famous in the 1992 film A League of Their Own was the official song of the All - American Girls Baseball League, co-written by Pepper Paire and Nalda Bird ( although in the movie, the word `` Irishmen '' was changed to `` Irish ones '' ). Victory Song Batter up ! Hear that call ! The time has come for one and all To play ball. We are the members of the All - American League We come from cities near and far We 've got Canadians, Irishmen and Swedes, We 're all for one, we 're one for all We 're all Americans ! ! Each girl stands, her head so proudly high, Her motto ' Do or Die ' She 's not the one to use or need an alibi. Our chaperones are not too soft, They 're not too tough, Our managers are on the ball. We 've got a president who really knows his stuff, We 're all for one, we 're one for all, We 're All - Americans ! In their annual reunions since 1998, it is usual to hear the original AAGPBL players singing the song. Teams Kenosha Comets ( 1943 -- 1951 ) Racine Belles ( 1943 -- 1950 ) Rockford Peaches ( 1943 -- 1954 ) South Bend Blue Sox ( 1943 -- 1954 ) Milwaukee Chicks ( 1944 ) Minneapolis Millerettes ( 1944 ) Fort Wayne Daisies ( 1945 -- 1954 ) Grand Rapids Chicks ( 1945 -- 1954 ) Muskegon Lassies ( 1946 -- 1949 ) Kalamazoo Lassies ( 1950 -- 1954 ) Peoria Redwings ( 1946 -- 1951 ) Chicago Colleens ( 1948 ) Springfield Sallies ( 1948 ) Battle Creek Belles ( 1951 -- 1952 ) Muskegon Belles ( 1953 ) League champions 1943 -- Racine Belles 1944 -- Milwaukee Chicks 1945 -- Rockford Peaches 1946 -- Racine Belles 1947 -- Grand Rapids Chicks 1948 -- Rockford Peaches 1949 -- Rockford Peaches 1950 -- Rockford Peaches 1951 -- South Bend Blue Sox 1952 -- South Bend Blue Sox 1953 -- Grand Rapids Chicks 1954 -- Kalamazoo Lassies AAGPBL players Association When the All - American Girls Professional Baseball League was unable to continue in 1955, its history and its significance was not soon forgotten. Many people in the 1950s thought that women were not supposed to play baseball, so most female athletes competed on other fields of endeavor. Finally, in 1980, former pitcher June Peppas launched a newsletter project to get in touch with friends, teammates and opponents, that resulted in the league 's first reunion in Chicago, Illinois in 1982. Starting from that reunion, a Players Association was formed five years later and many former players of the defunct league continued to enjoy reunions. National Women 's Baseball Hall of Fame inductees 1999 - Claire Schillace 2002 - Faye Dancer 2003 - Dorothy Ferguson ( Dottie Key ) 2005 - Joanne Winter 2010 - Dorothy Kamenshek 2012 - Jean Faut 2012 - Doris Sams 2013 - Pepper Paire 2013 - Sophie Kurys See also All - Star Team Player of the Year Award Batting records Fielding records Pitching records List of players List of managers Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame, which includes AAGPBL exhibit References ^ Jump up to : Kathryn Cullen - DuPont ( 1 August 2000 ). Encyclopedia of women 's history in America. Infobase Publishing. pp. 9 -- 10. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8160 - 4100 - 8. Retrieved 28 November 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` All - American Girls Professional Baseball League Player Marg Callaghan Sliding into Home Plate as Umpire Norris Ward Watches ''. World Digital Library. Library of Congress. Retrieved 31 December 2013. Jump up ^ `` Rules of Play All - American Girls Professional Baseball League ''. 18 January 2012. ^ Jump up to : Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. `` Consumer Price Index ( estimate ) 1800 -- ''. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2018. Jump up ^ ( Johnson, Anne Janette. Great Women in Sports. Detroit : Visible Ink Press, 1996. ) Jump up ^ `` National Baseball Hall of Fame - Dressed to the Nines - Timeline ''. ^ Jump up to : `` League History ''. Retrieved November 22, 2017. Jump up ^ Immodest and Sensational : 150 Years of Canadian Women in Sport, M. Ann Hall, p. 57, James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Toronto, 2008, ISBN 978 - 1 - 55277 - 021 - 4 Jump up ^ Macy, Sue. A Whole New Ball Game : The Story of the All - American Girls Professional Baseball League. ISBN 0 - 14 - 037423 - X Jump up ^ Browne, Lois. Girls of Summer : The Real Story of the All - American Girls Professional Baseball League. ISBN 0 - 00 - 637902 - 8 Jump up ^ Debra A. Shattuck, `` Bats, Balls and Books : Baseball and Higher Education for Women at Three Eastern Women 's Colleges, 1866 -- 1891, '' in the Journal of Sport History, Summer 1992. Jump up ^ Berlage, Gai Ingham. Women in Baseball. ISBN 0 - 275 - 94735 - 1 Jump up ^ Ritter, Lawrence S. The Glory of Their Times : The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It. ISBN 0 - 941372 - 08 - 1 Jump up ^ Max Carey at the SABR Baseball Biography Project, by John Bennett, Retrieved November 16, 2013. Jump up ^ Jimmie Foxx at the SABR Baseball Biography Project, by John Bennett, Retrieved November 16, 2013. Jump up ^ https://www.aagpbl.org/index.cfm/pages/league/12/league-history Official Website of the AAGPBL Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Victory Song at All - American Girls Professional Baseball League official site Jump up ^ emilylasota ( 14 May 2007 ). `` All - American Girls Professional Baseball League Players '' -- via YouTube. Jump up ^ `` National Women 's Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees ''. Further reading A Whole New Ball Game by Sue Macy `` Muscle in the Bud '' ( an article in Baseball As America ) by Barbara Gregorich External links Find more aboutAll - American Girls Professional Baseball Leagueat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Data from Wikidata Official website Women 's baseball at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) Grand Valley State University All - American Girls Professional Baseball League Oral History Project ( ( https://www.nfb.ca/film/baseball_girls/ ) ) All - American Girls Professional Baseball League Teams Battle Creek Belles Chicago Colleens Fort Wayne Daisies Grand Rapids Chicks Kalamazoo Lassies Kenosha Comets Milwaukee Chicks Minneapolis Millerettes Muskegon Belles Muskegon Lassies Peoria Redwings Racine Belles Rockford Peaches South Bend Blue Sox Springfield Sallies Seasons 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 Awards and recognition All - Star Team Player of the Year Batting records Fielding records Pitching records Related articles List of managers List of players Rules of play A League of Their Own ( film ) A League of Their Own ( TV series ) Arthur Meyerhoff Philip K. 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Question: when did the women's professional baseball league start
Answer: 1943