Charon - wikipedia Charon This article is about the mythological figure. For the moon of Pluto, see Charon ( moon ). For other uses, see Charon ( disambiguation ). Attic red - figure lekythos attributed to the Tymbos painter showing Charon welcoming a soul into his boat, c. 500 - 450 BC In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon ( / ˈkɛərɒn, - ən / ; Greek Χάρων ) is the ferryman of Hades who carries souls of the newly deceased across the rivers Styx and Acheron that divided the world of the living from the world of the dead. A coin to pay Charon for passage, usually an obolus or danake, was sometimes placed in or on the mouth of a dead person. Some authors say that those who could not pay the fee, or those whose bodies were left unburied, had to wander the shores for one hundred years. In the catabasis mytheme, heroes -- such as Aeneas, Dionysus, Heracles, Hermes, Odysseus, Orpheus, Pirithous, Psyche, Theseus and Sisyphus -- journey to the underworld and return, still alive, conveyed by the boat of Charon. Contents 1 Genealogy 2 Etymology of name 3 Appearance and demeanor 4 Underworld geography 5 In astronomy 6 `` Haros '' and modern usage 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Genealogy Charon is the son of Erebus. He was also the brother of, among many others, Thanatos and Hypnos. Etymology of name The name Charon is most often explained as a proper noun from χάρων ( charon ), a poetic form of χαρωπός ( charopós ), `` of keen gaze '', referring either to fierce, flashing, or feverish eyes, or to eyes of a bluish - gray color. The word may be a euphemism for death. Flashing eyes may indicate the anger or irascibility of Charon as he is often characterized in literature, but the etymology is not certain. The ancient historian Diodorus Siculus thought that the ferryman and his name had been imported from Egypt. Appearance and demeanor Charon as depicted by Michelangelo in his fresco The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel Charon is depicted frequently in the art of ancient Greece. Attic funerary vases of the 5th and 4th centuries BC are often decorated with scenes of the dead boarding Charon 's boat. On the earlier such vases, he looks like a rough, unkempt Athenian seaman dressed in reddish - brown, holding his ferryman 's pole in his right hand and using his left hand to receive the deceased. Hermes sometimes stands by in his role as psychopomp. On later vases, Charon is given a more `` kindly and refined '' demeanor. In the 1st century BC, the Roman poet Virgil describes Charon, manning his rust - colored skiff, in the course of Aeneas 's descent to the underworld ( Aeneid, Book 6 ), after the Cumaean Sibyl has directed the hero to the golden bough that will allow him to return to the world of the living : There Charon stands, who rules the dreary coast -- A sordid god : down from his hairy chin A length of beard descends, uncombed, unclean ; His eyes, like hollow furnaces on fire ; A girdle, foul with grease, binds his obscene attire. Other Latin authors also describe Charon, among them Seneca in his tragedy Hercules Furens, where Charon is described in verses 762 -- 777 as an old man clad in foul garb, with haggard cheeks and an unkempt beard, a fierce ferryman who guides his craft with a long pole. When the boatman tells Heracles to halt, the Greek hero uses his strength to gain passage, overpowering Charon with the boatman 's own pole. In the second century, Lucian employed Charon as a figure in his Dialogues of the Dead, most notably in Parts 4 and 10 ( `` Hermes and Charon '' and `` Charon and Hermes '' ). In the Divine Comedy, Charon forces reluctant sinners onto his boat by beating them with his oar. ( Gustave Doré, 1857 ). In the 14th century, Dante Alighieri described Charon in his Divine Comedy, drawing from Virgil 's depiction in Aeneid 6. Charon is the first named mythological character Dante meets in the underworld, in Canto III of the Inferno. Dante depicts him as having eyes of fire. Elsewhere, Charon appears as a mean - spirited and gaunt old man or as a winged demon wielding a double hammer, although Michelangelo 's interpretation, influenced by Dante 's depiction in the Inferno, shows him with an oar over his shoulder, ready to beat those who delay ( `` batte col remo qualunque s'adagia '', Inferno 3, verse 111 ). In modern times, he is commonly depicted as a living skeleton in a cowl, much like the Grim Reaper. The French artist, Gustave Dore, depicted Charon in two of his illustrations for Dante 's Divine Comedy. The Flemish painter, Joachim Patinir, depicted Charon in his Crossing the River Styx. And the Spanish painter, Jose Benlliure y Gil, portrayed Charon in his La Barca de Caronte. Underworld geography A 19th - century interpretation of Charon 's crossing by Alexander Litovchenko Greek underworld Residents Aeacus Angelos Arae Ascalaphus Cerberus Ceuthonymus Charon Erinyes Eurynomos Hades / Pluto Hecate Hypnos Macaria Melinoe Menoetius Minos Moirai Mormolykeia Persephone Rhadamanthus Thanatos Geography Acheron Asphodel Fields Cocytus Elysium Erebus Lethe Phlegethon Styx Tartarus Famous Tartarus inmates The Danaides Ixion Salmoneus Sisyphus Tantalus The Titans Tityus Visitors Aeneas Dionysus Heracles Hermes Odysseus Orpheus Pirithous Psyche Theseus Most accounts, including Pausanias ( 10.28 ) and later Dante 's Inferno ( 3.78 ), associate Charon with the swamps of the river Acheron. Ancient Greek literary sources -- such as Pindar, Aeschylus, Euripides, Plato, and Callimachus -- also place Charon on the Acheron. Roman poets, including Propertius, Ovid, and Statius, name the river as the Styx, perhaps following the geography of Virgil 's underworld in the Aeneid, where Charon is associated with both rivers. In astronomy Charon, the largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto, is named after him. `` Haros '' and modern usage `` Haros '' is the modern Greek equivalent of Charon, and usage includes the curse `` you will be eaten ( i.e., taken ) by Haros '', or `` I was in the teeth of Haros '' ( i.e., `` I was near death / very sick / badly injured '' ). During the Korean War, the Greek Expeditionary Force defended an outpost called Outpost Harry. The Greek soldiers referred to it as `` Outpost Haros ''. See also Charon 's obol - a coin placed in the mouth of the dead Charun - an Etruscan counterpart to Charon Isle of the Dead - a painting Manannán mac Lir - Ferryman from Irish mythology Manunggul Jar - Early depiction similar figure on burial jar from Tabon Caves on Palawan Phlegyas - another god often associated with ferrying the dead Psychopomp - the general word for a guide of the dead Urshanabi - Ferryman from Mesopotamian mythology References Jump up ^ Not on the eyes ; all literary sources specify the mouth. Callimachus, Hecale fragment 278 in R. Pfeiffer 's text Callimachus ( Oxford UP, 1949 ), vol. 2, p. 262 ; now ordered as fragment 99 by A.S.D. Hollis, in his edition, Callimachus : Hecale ( Clarendon Press, Oxford 1990 ), pp. 284f., from the Suidas, English translation online, specifying the mouth, also Etymologicum Graecum ( `` Danakes '' ). See also Smith 's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, entry on `` Charon '' online for placement in the mouth, though archaeology disproves Smith 's statement that every corpse was given a coin ; see article on Charon 's obol. Jump up ^ Liddell and Scott, A Greek - English Lexicon ( Oxford : Clarendon Press 1843, 1985 printing ), entries on χαροπός and χάρων, pp. 1980 -- 1981 ; Brill 's New Pauly ( Leiden and Boston 2003 ), vol. 3, entry on `` Charon, '' pp. 202 -- 203. Jump up ^ Christiane Sourvinou - Inwood, `` Reading '' Greek Death ( Oxford University Press, 1996 ), p. 359 online and p. 390 online. Jump up ^ Grinsell, L.V. ( 1957 ). `` The Ferryman and His Fee : A Study in Ethnology, Archaeology, and Tradition ''. Folklore. 68 ( 1 ) : 257 -- 269 ( p. 261 ). doi : 10.1080 / 0015587x. 1957.9717576. JSTOR 1258157. Jump up ^ Virgil, Aeneid 6.298 -- 301, as translated by John Dryden. Jump up ^ See Ronnie H. Terpening, Charon and the Crossing : Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance Transformations of a Myth ( Lewisburg : Bucknell University Press, 1985 and London and Toronto : Associated University Presses, 1985 ), pp. 97 -- 98. Jump up ^ For an analysis of these dialogues, ss Terpening, pp. 107 -- 116. ) Jump up ^ For an analysis of Dante 's depiction of Charon and other appearances in literature from antiquity through the 17th century in Italy, see Terpening, Charon and the Crossing. Jump up ^ See Kharon at theoi.com for collected source passages with work and line annotations, as well as images from vase paintings. Jump up ^ Dennis, Overbye ( 2013 - 07 - 02 ). `` Two of Pluto 's Moons Get Names From Greek Mythology 's Underworld ''. The New. The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2015. Jump up ^ War History Compilation Committee ( 1977 ), The History of the United Nations Forces in the Korean War, 6, Seoul : Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense, OCLC 769331231 Jump up ^ `` The soldiers of the Greek Expeditionary Forces called it Outpost `` Haros '' the Greek name for Death. It was classic wartime humor, a dark pun borne of a hopeless mission ``. outpostharry.org. Smith, William ; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London ( 1873 ). `` Charon '' External links Media related to Charon at Wikimedia Commons The Theoi Project, `` KHARON '' Images of Charon in the Warburg Institute Iconographic Database Ancient Greek religion and mythology Classical religious forms Ancient Greek religion Gnosticism Paleo - Balkan mythology Proto - Indo - European religion Hellenistic religion Alchemy Orphism Pythagoreanism Mycenaean deities Mystery religions and sacred mysteries Dionysian Mysteries Eleusinian Mysteries Imbrian Mysteries Mithraism Samotracian Mysteries Main beliefs Apotheosis Euhemerism Greek Heroic Age Interpretatio graeca Monism Mythology Nympholepsy Paganism Paradoxography Polytheism Theism Texts / epic poems / odes Aretalogy Argonautica Bibliotheca Cyranides Derveni papyrus Ehoiai Greek Magical Papyri Homeric Hymns Iliad Odyssey Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis Telegony The golden verses of Pythagoras Theogony Works and Days Epic Cycle Theban Cycle Rites and practices Amphictyonic League Amphidromia Animal sacrifice Apotheosis Baptes Curse tablet Daduchos Delphinion Funeral and burial practices Hymns Hero cult Heroon Hierophany Hierophant Hierophylakes Hieros gamos Hypsistarians Iatromantis Interpretatio graeca Libations Mystagogue Nekyia Necromancy Necromanteion Nymphaeum Panegyris Pharmakos Prayers Orgia Sacrifices Temenos Temples Votive offerings Sacred places Athenian sacred ships Cave of Zeus Cretea Delphi Delos Dodona Eleusis Hiera Orgas Olympia Olympus Psychro Cave Sacred Way Mythical beings Dragons in Greek mythology Greek mythological creatures Greek mythological figures List of minor Greek mythological figures Deities Primordial deities Aether Aion Ananke Chaos Chronos Erebus Eros Gaia Hemera Nyx Phanes Pontus Thalassa Tartarus Uranus Titans First generation Coeus Crius Cronus Hyperion Iapetus Mnemosyne Oceanus Phoebe Rhea Tethys Theia Themis Second generation Asteria Astraeus Atlas Eos Epimetheus Helios Leto Menoetius Metis Pallas Perses Prometheus Selene Third generation Hecate Hesperus Phosphorus Twelve Olympians Aphrodite Apollo Ares Artemis Athena Demeter Dionysus Hephaestus Hera Hermes Hestia Poseidon Zeus Aquatic deities Amphitrite Alpheus Ceto Glaucus The Naiads The Nereids Nereus The Oceanids Phorcys Poseidon The Potamoi Potamides Proteus Scamander Thaumas Thetis Triton Love deities Erotes Anteros Eros Hedylogos Hermaphroditus Himeros Hymen / Hymenaeus Pothos Aphrodite Aphroditus Philotes Peitho War deities Adrestia Alala Alke Amphillogiai Androktasiai Ares Athena Bia Deimos Enyalius Enyo Eris Gynaecothoenas Homados Hysminai Ioke Keres Kratos Kydoimos Ma Makhai Nike Palioxis Pallas Perses Phobos Phonoi Polemos Proioxis Chthonic deities Psychopomps Hermanubis Hermes Thanatos Achlys Angelos Hades / Pluto Hecate Hypnos Keres Lampad Macaria Melinoe Persephone Health deities Aceso Aegle Artemis Apollo Asclepius Chiron Eileithyia Epione Hebe Hygieia Iaso Paean Panacea Telesphorus Sleep deities Empusa Epiales Hypnos Morpheus Pasithea Phantasos Phobetor Oneiroi Messenger deities Angelia Arke Hermes Iris Trickster deities Apate Dolos Hermes Momus Magic deities Circe Hecate Hermes Trismegistus Triple deity Other major deities Azone The Erinyes Harmonia The Muses Nemesis Pan Unknown God Zelus Heroes / heroines Abderus Achilles Actaeon Aeneas Argonauts Ajax the Great Ajax the Lesser Akademos Amphiaraus Amphitryon Antilochus Atalanta Autolycus Bellerophon Bouzyges Cadmus Chrysippus Cyamites Daedalus Diomedes Dioscuri ( Castor and Pollux ) Echetlus Eleusis Erechtheus Eunostus Ganymede Hector Heracles Icarus Iolaus Jason Meleager Odysseus Oedipus Orpheus Pandion Peleus Pelops Penthesilea Perseus Theseus Triptolemus Mythical tribes Amazons Anthropophage Atlantians Bebryces Curetes Dactyls Gargareans Halizones Korybantes Lapiths Lotus - 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Question: who steers the boat on the river styx
Answer: Charon or Kharon