Best alternative to a negotiated agreement - wikipedia Best alternative to a negotiated agreement This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2013 ) In negotiation theory, the best alternative to a negotiated agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if negotiations fail and an agreement can not be reached. This could include diverse situation, such as suspension of negotiations, transition to another negotiating partner, appeal to the court 's ruling, the execution of strikes, and the formation of other forms of alliances. BATNA is the key focus and the driving force behind a successful negotiator. A party should generally not accept a worse resolution than its BATNA. Care should be taken, however, to ensure that deals are accurately valued, taking into account all considerations, such as relationship value, time value of money and the likelihood that the other party will live up to their side of the bargain. These other considerations are often difficult to value, since they are frequently based on uncertain or qualitative considerations, rather than easily measurable and quantifiable factors. Contents 1 Overview 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Overview The BATNA is often seen by negotiators not as a safety net, but rather as a point of leverage in negotiations. Although a negotiator 's alternative options should, in theory, be straightforward to evaluate, the effort to understand which alternative represents a party 's BATNA is often not invested. Options need to be actual and actionable to be of value, however without the investment of time, options will frequently be included that fail on one of these criteria. Most managers overestimate their BATNA whilst simultaneously investing too little time into researching their real options. This can result in poor or faulty decision making and negotiating. Negotiators also need to be aware of the other negotiator 's BATNA and to identify how it compares to what they are offering. Some people may adopt aggressive, coercive, threatening and / or deceptive techniques, this is known as a hard negotiation style ; a theoretical example of this is adversarial approach style negotiation. Others may employ a soft style, which is friendly, trusting, compromising, and conflict avoiding. According to Fisher and Ury, when hard negotiators meet soft negotiators, the hard negotiators usually win their position, but at the cost of potentially damaging the long term relationship between the parties. Attractive alternatives are needed to develop a strong BATNA. In the best - selling book Getting to YES : Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, the authors give 3 suggestions of how to accomplish this : Inventing a list of actions one might take if no agreement is reached Converting some of the more promising ideas and transforming them into tangible and partial alternatives Selecting the alternative that sounds best In negotiations involving different cultures, all parties need to account for cultural cognitive behaviors and should not let judgments and biases affect the negotiation. The individual should be separate from the objective. The purpose here, as Philip Gulliver mentions, is for negotiation parties to be aware. Preparation at all levels, including prejudice - free thoughts, emotion - free behavior, bias - free behavior are helpful according to Morris and Gelfand. History BATNA was developed by negotiation researchers Roger Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Program on Negotiation ( PON ), in their series of books on Principled negotiation that started with Getting to YES, unwittingly duplicating the game theory concept of a disagreement point from bargaining problems pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Forbes Nash decades earlier. A Nash Equilibrium is reached among a group of players when no player can benefit from changing strategies if every other player sticks to their current strategy. For example, Amy and Phil are in Nash Equilibrium if Amy is making the best decision she can, taking into account Phil 's decision, and Phil is making the best decision he can, taking into account Amy 's decision. Likewise, a group of players are in Nash Equilibrium if each one is making the best decision that he or she can, taking into account the decisions of the others. See also Conflict resolution research Opportunity cost References Jump up ^ `` : : 증권 용어 사전 : : ''. dic.mk.co.kr ( in Korean ). Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 09. Jump up ^ Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement Negotiation Experts Jump up ^ Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement YArooms Jump up ^ Negotiation, Readings, Exercises and Cases, Roy J. Lewicki ^ Jump up to : Nolan - Haley, Jaqueline M ( 2001 ). Alternative Dispute Resolution in a Nutshell. Thomson West. pp. 39 -- 50. ASIN 0314180141. ISBN 978 - 0 - 314 - 18014 - 8. CS1 maint : ASIN uses ISBN ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Fisher and Ury, Roger and William ( 2011 ). Getting to YES. Penguin Books. pp. 1 -- 170. ASIN 0143118757. ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 311875 - 6. CS1 maint : ASIN uses ISBN ( link ) Jump up ^ Gulliver, P.H ( 1979 ). Disputes and Negotiation : A Cross Culture Perspective. Academic Press. p. 287. Jump up ^ Morris, Michael W. ; Gelfand, Michele J. ( 2004 ). `` Cultural Differences and Cognitive Dynamics : Expanding the Cognitive Perspective on Negotiation ''. In Gelfand, Michele J. ; Brett, Jeanne M. The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture. Stanford University Press. pp. 45 -- 70. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8047 - 4586 - 4. Jump up ^ Myerson, Roger B. `` Nash Equilibrium and the History of Economic Theory '' ( PDF ). Nash Equilibrium and the History of Economic Theory. Journal of Economic Literature. Retrieved 1 October 2012. Jump up ^ Hawkins and Steiner, Jeff and Neil. `` The Nash Equilibrium Meets Batna '' ( PDF ). Gamed Therory Varied Uses in ADR. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on February 28, 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2012. External links BATNA Explained by David Venter Alternative definition of BATNA Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Best_alternative_to_a_negotiated_agreement&oldid=848603630 '' Categories : Negotiation Dispute resolution Business terms Hidden categories : CS1 Korean - language sources ( ko ) Articles needing more detailed references CS1 maint : ASIN uses ISBN Articles needing additional references from July 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from July 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007 Articles lacking reliable references from February 2015 Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Հայերեն Polski Edit links This page was last edited on 3 July 2018, at 01 : 16 ( UTC ). 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