Euridice ( Peri ) - wikipedia Euridice ( Peri ) Euridice Opera by Jacopo Peri Giulio Caccini The Prologue, from the score published in Florence in 1600 Librettist Ottavio Rinuccini Language Italian Based on Ovid 's Metamorphoses Premiere 6 October 1600 ( 1600 - 10 - 06 ) Palazzo Pitti, Florence Euridice ( also Erudice or Eurydice ) is an opera by Jacopo Peri, with additional music by Giulio Caccini. It is the earliest surviving opera, Peri 's earlier Dafne being lost. ( Caccini wrote his own `` Euridice '' even as he supplied music to Peri 's opera, published this version before Peri 's was performed, in 1600, and got it staged two years later. ) The libretto by Ottavio Rinuccini is based on books X and XI of Ovid 's Metamorphoses which recount the story of the legendary musician Orpheus and his wife Euridice. The opera was first performed in Florence on 6 October 1600 at the Palazzo Pitti with Peri himself singing the role of Orfeo. Contents 1 Composition history 2 Roles 3 Synopsis 3.1 Act 1 3.2 Act 2 4 Musical numbers 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Composition. History This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2012 ) Euridice was created for the marriage of King Henry IV of France and Maria de Medici. The composition is typically considered to be the second work of modern opera, and the first such musical drama to survive to the present day. ( The first, Dafne, was written by the same authors in 1597. ) Since both the libretto and score were dedicated to the new Queen of France, Marie de ' Medici, some scholars have recognized a possible parallel between Euridice and Orfeo and the Queen and King of France. While the comparison is readily made, some scholars argue that the traits of King Henry IV are different from Orfeo, especially with respect to Orfeo 's most famous deed. Orfeo loved Euridice so much that he journeyed to Hell and back, quite literally, to unite once more with his beloved wife while King Henry IV would n't travel as far as Florence to retrieve Medici. At the premiere, many of the other roles were filled by members of Caccini 's entourage, including his daughter Francesca Caccini. Peri composed all of the music for the first production, but owing to the integral involvement of Caccini and his performers, some of Peri 's music was finally replaced by that of Caccini. When Caccini discovered that Peri intended to publish the opera with the added Caccini pieces, he rushed to finish his own version of Euridice using the same libretto, and managed to have his published before Peri 's. In his preface, Peri notes that all of the music was completed by the date of the first performance earning his efforts the designation Prima Euridice. In creating the music for Euridice, Peri envisioned a vocal style that is half sung and half spoken. For less dramatic parts he created vocal lines close to the style of spoken language set over a sustained accompaniment. For impassioned scenes he explored stronger and more rapid melodies with steadily changing harmonies. Peri 's critics have observed that within the score of Euridice, he created no musically remarkable examples of either. However, he did use ranges and widths of register, as well as frequency and power of cadences, to distinguish different characters and dramatic moods. The voice and accompaniment are carefully paced to emphasize the tension and release in the text. Rhythmic and melodic inflections in the vocal lines closely, almost scientifically, imitate dramatic speech. In addition, impassioned exclamations are set with unprepared dissonances and unexpected movements in the bass. All qualitative judgments aside, even his greater detractors admit that with Euridice Peri managed to establish sound principles for operatic composition. The work establishes in opera the dual resource of aria and recitative, and it explores the use of solo, ensemble and choral singing. Roles Role Voice type La Tragedia soprano castrato Euridice soprano Orfeo tenor Aminta, a shepherd tenor Arcetro, a shepherd contralto castrato Tirsi, a shepherd tenor Caronte bass Dafne boy soprano Plutone bass Proserpina soprano castrato Radamanto tenor Venere soprano castrato Nymphs and shepherds, shades and deities of hell Synopsis Peri 's Euridice tells the story of the musician Orpheus and Euridice from Greek Mythology. According to myth, Orpheus was a great musician who journeyed to the underworld to plead with the gods to revive his wife Euridice after she had been fatally injured. Act 1 It opens with a simple melody by a singer representing the Tragic Muse, La Tragedia, and a short ritornello. Shepherds nearby and the Tragic Muse sing a conversation in recitatives and choruses, Daphne enters to notify everyone that Euridice has been fatally bitten by a serpent. Scene 1 All of the nymphs and shepherds gather to celebrate the wedding of Orfeo and Euridice. Scene 2 Orfeo is content after his wedding but is soon interrupted by Dafne. She brings the terrible news that Euridice has been bitten by a venomous snake and has died. Orfeo then vows to rescue her from the underworld. Scene 3 Arcetro recounts that while Orfeo lay weeping, Venus, goddess of love, carries him off in her chariot. Act 2 This opens with Orpheus pleading with Venere, Plutone, Prosperina, Caronte, and Radamanto in the underworld for the return of his beloved wife Euridice. Nearly the entire scene is carried in recitative. When the act closes, Orpheus is back with Tirsi and the other shepherds. Scene 4 Venus and Orfeo arrive at the gates of the underworld. Venus suggests that through his legendary voice he might persuade Pluto to return Euridice to life. Orfeo succeeds and is allowed to leave with his bride. Scene 5 Orfeo and Euridice return from the underworld and rejoice. Musical numbers Parts Scenes Individual works Characters Prologue Scene 1 Prologo -- Io, che d'alti sospir vaga e di pianti La Tragedia Act 1 Scene 1 Ninfe, ch'i bei crin d'oro Pastore del coro, Ninfa del coro Vaghe ninfe amorose Arcetro, Pastore del coro, Ninfa del coro Donne, ch'a ' miei diletti Euridice, Ninfa del coro Credi, ninfa gentile Aminta, Pastore del coro In mille guise e mille Euridice, Coro Al canto, al ballo, all'ombra, al prato adorno Coro, Pastore del coro, Ninfa del coro, Altre Ninfe del coro Scene 2 Antri, ch'a ' miei lamenti Orfeo Sia pur lodato il ciel, lodato Amore Arcetro, Orfeo Tirsi viene in scena sonando la presente Zinfonia Orfeo, Tirsi Deh come ogni bifolco, ogni pastore Arcetro, Orfeo Lassa ! Che di spavento e di pietate Dafne, Arcetro, Orfeo Per quel vago boschetto Dafne, Arcetro Non piango e non sospiro Orfeo Ahi ! Mort ' invid ' e ria Arcetro, Dafne, Ninfa del coro Sconsolati desir, gioie fugaci Aminta, Ninfa del coro Cruda morte, ahi pur potesti Coro, Ninfa del coro, Due Ninfa e un Pastore del coro Scene 3 Se fato invido e rio Arcetro, Coro Con frettoloso passo Arcetro, Dafne, Coro Io che pensato havea di starmi ascoso Arcetro, Pastore del coro Se de ' boschi i verdi onori Coro Poi che dal bel sereno Pastore del coro, Coro Act 2 Scene 4 Scorto da immortal guida Venere, Orfeo L'oscuro varc'onde siam giunti a queste Venere Funeste piagge, ombrosi orridi campi Orfeo Ond'e cotanto ardire Plutone Deh, se la bella Diva Orfeo Dentro l'infernal porte Plutone, Orfeo O Re, nel cui sembiante Prosperpina A si soavi preghi Orfeo, Plutone Sovra l'eccelse stelle Caronte, Plutone, Orfeo Trionfi oggi pietà ne ' campi inferni Plutone, Orfeo, Poi che gl'eterni imperi Deita D'Inferno primo coro, Secondo coro, Radamanto Scene 5 Già del bel carro ardente Arcetro, Coro Voi, che sì ratt'il volo Aminta, Coro, Arcetro Quand'al tempio n'andaste, io mi pensai Aminta, Pastore del coro Chi può del cielo annoverar le stelle Aminta, Arcetro Gioite al canto mio selve frondose Orfeo, Ninfa del coro Quella, quella son io, per cui piangeste Euridice, Ninfa del coro, Dafne, Arcetro, Orfeo, Aminta Modi or soavi or mesti Orfeo Felice semideo, ben degna prole Aminta Ritornello strumentale Tutto il coro Biond ' arcier, che d'alto monte ( ritornello instrumentale ) It should be noted that various chorus names are as they appear in the original Italian score. Pastore, Ninfa / Ninfe, and Deita D'Inferno refer to choruses of shepherds, nymphs and Deities of Hell respectively. See also List of Orphean operas References Notes ^ Jump up to : `` Le tre Euridici : Characterization and Allegory in the Euridici of Peri and Caccini ''. Journal of Seventeenth - Century Music. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 23. Jump up ^ Pietropaolo, Domenico and Parker, Mary Ann ( 2011 ). The Baroque Libretto : Italian Operas and Oratorios in the Thomas Fisher Library at the University of Toronto, p. 60. University of Toronto Press Jump up ^ Oldmeadow, p. 121 Jump up ^ Hill Jump up ^ Sources for the libretto divide the work into a prologue ( one scene ) and one Act with six scenes. Modern recordings tend to divide the opera into a prologue, a first act, with scenes 1 -- 3, and a second act, with scenes 4 -- 5. It is unclear why these different descriptions have emerged, but the confusion is largely cosmetic : in the end, the score, libretto and recording cited here all contain the same individual musical numbers. Sources Hill, John Walter ( 2005 ). Baroque Music : Music in Western Europe, 1580 -- 1750. Norton. ISBN 0 - 393 - 97800 - 1. Oldmeadow, Earnest ( 1909 ). Great Musicians. Forgotten Books. Other sources Brown, Howard Mayer. `` Euridice ( i ) '', Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy ( accessed February 7, 2006 ), grovemusic.com ( subscription access ). Burkholder, Peter J., Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca ( 1960 / 2010 ). A History of Western Music, 8th edition. New York : Norton. 986 pages Porter, William V... `` Jacopo Peri '', Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy ( accessed February 7, 2006 ), grovemusic.com ( subscription access ). Weiss, Piero, and Richard Taruskin ( 1984 ). Music in the Western World : A History in Documents. Belmont : Scrimer. 556 pages. External links Score Euridice ( Peri ) : Original Score and Modern Edition at the International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP ) Libretto LibrettidOpera.it Recording Peri, Jacopo ( 1995 ). Euridice / Jacopo Peri. Authentic CD. P441 A. 1 -- 5 Arts Music Orpheus and Eurydice Characters Eurydice Orpheus Orphean operas Euridice ( 1600, Peri ) Euridice ( 1602, Caccini ) L'Orfeo ( 1607, Monteverdi ) Orfeo dolente ( 1616, Belli ) La morte d'Orfeo ( 1619, Landi ) Orfeo ( 1647, Rossi ) Orfeo ( 1672, Sartorio ) La descente d'Orphée aux enfers ( c. 1686, Charpentier ) Orpheus ( 1726, Telemann ) Orfeo ed Euridice ( 1762, Gluck ) discography L'anima del filosofo ( 1791, Haydn ) Orpheus in the Underworld ( 1858, Offenbach ) Orpheus und Eurydike ( 1921, Krenek ) L'Orfeide ( 1925, Malipiero ) Orpheus and Eurydice ( 1975, Zhurbin, rock opera ) The Mask of Orpheus ( 1986, Birtwistle ) The Second Mrs Kong ( 1994, Birtwistle ) The Corridor ( 2009, Birtwistle ) Musicals Orpheus & Eurydice Hadestown Plays Eurydice / Point of Departure ( 1941, Anouilh ) Orfeu da Conceição ( 1956, de Moraes ) Orpheus Descending ( 1957, Williams ) Eurydice ( 2003, Ruhl ) Films The Orphic Trilogy The Blood of a Poet ( 1930 ) Orphée ( 1950 ) Testament of Orpheus ( 1960 ) Black Orpheus ( 1959 ) Evrydiki BA 2O37 ( 1975 ) Parking ( 1985 ) Orfeu ( 1999 ) Poetry Sir Orfeo ( c. late thirteenth century ) The Tale of Orpheus and Erudices his Quene ( c. 1480 ) Sonnets to Orpheus ( 1922 ) `` Eurydice '' ( 1999 ) Novels The Einstein Intersection ( 1967 ) Gravity 's Rainbow ( 1973 ) The Medusa Frequency ( 1987 ) The Ground Beneath Her Feet ( 1999 ) Veniss Underground ( 2003 ) Art Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice Albums Reflections ( 1970 ) Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus ( 2004 ) Metamorpheus ( 2005 ) Hadestown ( 2010 ) Orfeas ( 2010 ) Reflektor ( 2013 ) Ballet Orpheus ( 1948 ) Chaconne ( 1976 ) Video games The Battle of Olympus Do n't Look Back Related The Gaze of Orpheus Orpheus Monument Orpheus no Mado Orphism WorldCat Identities GND : 300525265 LCCN : n81003166 VIAF : 184548044 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euridice_(Peri)&oldid=846304081 '' Categories : Operas by Jacopo Peri Pastoral operas Italian - language operas Operas 1600 operas Operas based on Greco - Roman mythology Operas about Orpheus Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from October 2012 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2017 Works with IMSLP links Articles with International Music Score Library Project links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français Italiano Latina Magyar 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 10 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 June 2018, at 21 : 06 ( UTC ). 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Question: in 1600 the opera euridice by jacopo peri saw its premiere in which city
Answer: Florence