Untouchability - wikipedia Untouchability For other uses, see Untouchable ( disambiguation ). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2012 ) Untouchability is the practice of ostracising a group by segregating them from the mainstream by social custom or legal mandate. The excluded group could be one that did not accept the norms of the excluding group and historically included foreigners, nomadic tribes, law - breakers and criminals and those suffering from a contagious disease. It could also be a group that did not accept the change of customs enforced by a certain group. This exclusion was a method of punishing law - breakers and also protecting traditional societies against contagion from strangers and the infected. A member of the excluded group is known as an Untouchable. The term is commonly associated with treatment of the Dalit communities, who are considered `` polluting '' among the people of the Indian subcontinent, but the term has been used for other groups as well, such as the Burakumin of Japan, Cagots in Europe, or the Al - Akhdam in Yemen. Untouchability has been made illegal in post-independence India, and Dalits substantially empowered, and attempts have been continuously made to end the hostilities. Contents 1 Diverse ethnicities population in the Indian subcontinent 1.1 Government action in India 2 Untouchable groups 2.1 France 2.2 Japan 2.3 Korea 2.4 Other 3 See also 4 References Diverse ethnicities population in the Indian subcontinent Untouchables of Malabar, Kerala ( 1906 ). According to Sarah Pinto, an anthropologist, untouchability in India applies to people whose work relates to `` death, bodies, meat, and bodily fluids ''. In the name of untouchability, Dalits have faced work and descent - based discrimination at the hands of the dominant castes. Instances of caste discrimination at different places and times included : Prohibition from eating with other members Provision of separate cups in village tea stalls Separate seating arrangements and utensils in restaurants Segregation in seating and food arrangements in village functions and festivals Prohibition from entering into village temples Prohibition from wearing sandals or holding umbrellas in front of higher caste members Prohibition from entering other caste homes Prohibition from using common village path Separate burial grounds No access to village 's common / public properties and resources ( wells, ponds, temples, etc. ) Segregation ( separate seating area ) of children in schools Bonded labour Social boycotts by other castes for refusing to perform their `` duties '' Exact origins of Untouchability are unknown. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, untouchability was born about 400 AD, due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and Brahmanism ( an ancient term for Brahmanical Hinduism ). But this view of Ambedkar has been successfully refuted by Vivekanand Jha on cognet grounds. Government action in India During the time of Indian independence, Dalit activists began calling for separate electorates for untouchables in India to allow for fair representation. Officially labeled the Minorities Act, it would guarantee representation for Sikhs, Muslims, Christian, and Untouchables in the newly formed Indian government. The Act was supported by British representatives such as Ramsay MacDonald. A separation within Hindu society was opposed by national leaders at the time such as Mahatma Gandhi, although he took no exception with the demands of the other minorities. He began a hunger strike to protest this type of affirmative action, citing that it would create an unhealthy divide within the religion. At the Round Table Conferences, he provided this explanation for his reasoning : I do n't mind untouchables if they so desire, being converted to Islam or Christianity. I should tolerate that, but I can not possibly tolerate what is in store for Hinduism if there are two divisions set forth in the villages. Those who speak of the political rights of the untouchables do n't know their India, do n't know how Indian society is today constituted and therefore I want to say with all the emphasis that I can command that if I was the only person to resist this thing that I would resist it with my life. Mahatma Gandhi achieved some success through his hunger strike. Dalit activists faced pressure from the Hindu population at large to end his protest at the risk of his ailing health. The two sides eventually came to a compromise where the number of guaranteed seats for Untouchables would be reduced, but not totally eliminated. The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolished the practice of untouchability and provided measures for positive discrimination in both educational institutions and public services for Dalits and other social groups who lie within the caste system. These are supplemented by official bodies such as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Despite this, instances of prejudice against Dalits still occur in some rural areas, as evidenced by events such as the Kherlanji massacre. Untouchable groups France Cagot are historically untouchable groups of France. Japan Burakumin jobs were those designated as `` unclean '' by Buddhist and Shinto standards. They worked as butchers, tanners, and executioners. The Buraku people were forced to live in segregated neighborhoods, and could not mingle with any of the higher classes of people. The buraku was universally looked down upon, and their children were denied an education. Korea Baekjeong in Korea are an `` untouchable '' group of Korea who traditionally performed jobs of executioner and butcher. Other Al - Akhdam in Yemen Ragyabpa in Tibet ( see Social classes of Tibet ) Tanka ( danhu ) ( `` boat people '' ) in Guangdong, Fuzhou Tanka in Fujian, Si - min ( small people ) and Mianhu in Jiangsu, Gaibu and Duomin ( To min ) 惰 民 duò mín ( `` idle / lazy / fallen / indolent people '' ) in Shijiazhuang, jinxing yum - in 九 姓 魚 民 jiǔxìng yúmín ( `` nine name fishermen '' ) in the Yangtze River region, yon - hoe ( `` music people '' ) in Shani in China Osus in Nigeria and Cameroon See also Affirmative action Underclass Outcast ( person ) Homo sacer References Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-last-untouchable-in-europe-878705.html Jump up ^ Peter Berger, Frank Heidemann. The Modern Anthropology of India : Ethnography, Themes and Theory. Routledge. p. 302. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Pinto, Sarah ( 2013 ). Where There Is No Midwife : Birth and Loss in Rural India. Berghahn Books. p. 47. ISBN 978 - 0 - 85745 - 448 - 5. Jump up ^ Who are Dalits ? & What is Untouchability ? -- Portal Jump up ^ However, these claims have never been verified by any historical evidence. `` Top RSS leader misquotes Ambedkar on untouchability ''. Jump up ^ Some Recent Theories Of The Origin Of Untouchability https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139355?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Jump up ^ The Indian Historical Review, Vol. II, No. i ( July 1975 ), pp. 21 - 22, 31. Jump up ^ Kumar, Ravinder. `` Gandhi, Ambedkar and the Poona pact, 1932. '' South Asia : Journal of South Asian Studies 8.1 - 2 ( 1985 ) : 87 - 101. Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-last-untouchable-in-europe-878705.html Jump up ^ https://www.thoughtco.com/the-buraku-untouchables-of-japan-3981251 Jump up ^ https://www.academia.edu/252782/Untouchables_of_Korea_or_How_to_Discriminate_the_Illusive_Paekjong Social class Status Theories Gilbert model Marxian Mudsill theory New class Spoon class theory Weberian ( three - component ) Related topics Caste Chattering classes Class conflict Class discrimination Classicide Classless society Euthenics Nouveau riche / Parvenu Poverty Ranked society Snobbery Social cleansing Social exclusion Social mobility Social orphan Social position Social stigma Subaltern By demographic By status Administrative detainee Alien illegal immigrant refugee Citizen dual or multiple native - born naturalized second - class Convicted Migrant worker Political prisoner Stateless By `` collar '' Blue Gold Green Grey Pink White By type Creative Bohemians Robber baron Russian oligarch Business magnate Overclass Superclass Middle Lower middle class Upper middle class Bourgeoisie Petite bourgeoisie Working Working poor Proletariat Lumpenproletariat Warrior Harii Kshatriya Yadav Nair Chhetri Cossacks Hashashin Knight Vanniyar Samurai Cuāuh Ocēlōtl Spartiate Under Commoner Outcast Outlaw Peasant / Serf Slave Untouchable Upper Bourgeoisie Elite Global elite Gentry Nobility Old money Ruling Aristocracy Hanseaten Patrician Royal family Intellectual Clergy Knowledge worker By country or region United States Affluence American Dream Conflict Social class in American history Classes Lower Middle ( Mexican - American, Black ) Upper Under Income Household Inequality Personal Poverty Standard of living Educational attainment Homelessness Home ownership Wealth Other countries or regions Africa Cambodia China Colombia Ecuador France Haiti India Iran Italy Nepal New Zealand Romania Sri Lanka Tibet United Kingdom Historic Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Aztec Ottoman Empire Soviet Union Pre-industrial East Asia Pre-industrial Europe Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Untouchability&oldid=851374537 '' Categories : Persecution Discrimination Caste Indian caste system Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Articles needing additional references from June 2012 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia 한국어 हिन्दी മലയാളം मराठी नेपाली ਪੰਜਾਬੀ سنڌي தமிழ் اردو 中文 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 21 July 2018, at 21 : 14 ( UTC ). 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Question: the stigma of untouchability was formally abolished in india in the year
Answer: 1950