Kakori conspiracy - wikipedia Kakori conspiracy The Kakori Conspiracy ( or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case ) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The robbery was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association ( HRA ). Photo of German made Mauser pistol. Four Mausers were used by the Indian freedom fighters. The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the HRA, which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for purchase of weaponry, Bismil and his party decided to plunder a train on one of the Northern Railway lines. The robbery plan was executed by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, Manmathnath Gupta, Murari Lal Gupta ( fake name of Murari Lal Khanna ), Mukundi Lal ( Mukundi Lal Gupta ) and Banwari Lal. One passenger was killed by an accidental shot. Anushilan Samiti Influence Indian Nationalism ( Militant nationalism ) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Swami Vivekananda Sister Nivedita Aurobindo Ghosh Shakta philosophy Indian National Congress Bipin Chandra Pal 1905 Partition of Bengal Bande Mataram Jugantar M.C. Samadhyayi Anushilan Samiti History Dhaka Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Aurobindo Raja Subodh Mallik Pramathanath Mitra Sarala Devi C.R. Das Surendranath Tagore Kanailal Dutta Jatindra Nath Banerjee Barin Ghosh Pulin Behari Das Bhupendranath Datta Bagha Jatin Atulkrishna Ghosh Jadugopal Mukherjee Rash Behari Bose Bhupendra Kumar Datta Hemchandra Kanungo Ullaskar Dutta Khudiram Bose Prafulla Chaki Tarak Nath Das Abhinash Bhattacharya Guran Ditt Kumar Naren Bhattacharya Bhavabhushan Mitra Bipin Behari Ganguli Sachindra Nath Sanyal Jogesh Chandra Chattopadhyay Pratul Chandra Ganguli Hindustan Republican Association Narendra Mohan Sen Niranjan Sen Gupta M.N. Roy Jatin Das Surya Sen Pritilata Waddedar Revolutionary Socialist Party More Notable events Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Howrah - Sibpur Conspiracy Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy Barisal Conspiracy Rodda robbery Indo - German Conspiracy Annie Larsen Christmas Day plot Kakori conspiracy Chittagong armoury raid More Related topics Sir Andrew Fraser Department of Criminal Intelligence Sir Harold Stuart Sir Charles Stevenson - Moore Sir Robert Nathan John Wallinger India House Paris Indian Society Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar Madam Cama Har Dayal Ghadar Party More Contents 1 Robbery 2 Arrests 3 Kakori trial 4 Court 's proceedings 4.1 Final verdict 5 Hunger strike in the jail 6 Defence committee 7 Reaction in the country 7.1 Clemency appeal 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading Robbery On 9 August 1925, the Number 8 Down Train travelling from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow was approaching the town of Kakori ( now in Uttar Pradesh ), when one of the revolutionaries pulled the chain to stop the train and overpowered the guard. It is believed that they looted that specific train because train was supposed to carry the money - bags belonging to the British Government Treasury in the guard 's cabin. One passenger was killed by an accidental shot, making it a murder case. They looted only these bags containing some 8,000 Rupees and escaped to Lucknow while not a single Indian was looted, because the targets of the mission were : To get money for the organisation which was intended to be taken from the opponent, the British Administration itself. To get some public attention by creating a positive image of the HRA among Indians to overcome the bad image created by British Administration. To shake the British Administration by robbing money from them. Following the incident, the British administration started an intense manhunt and arrested several of the revolutionaries involved in the HRA. Their leader, Ram Prasad Bismil, was arrested at Saharanpur on 26 September 1925, and his lieutenant, Ashfaqullah Khan, was arrested ten months later at Delhi. Arrests Forty people were arrested from all over India. Their names with the places of arrest are : From Agra Chandra Dhar Johri Chandra bhal Johri From Allahabad Shitala Sahai Jyoti Shankar Dixit Bhupendra Nath Sanyal From Banaras Manmathnath Gupta Phanindera Nath Banerji Damodar Swarup Seth Ram Nath Pandey Dev Datt Bhattacharya Indra Vikram Singh Mukundi Lal From Bengal Sachindra Nath Sanyal Yogesh Chandra Chatterjii Rajendra Lahiri Sharat Chandra Guha Kali Das Bose From Etah Babu Ram Verma From Hardoi Bhairon Singh From Kanpur Ram Dulare Trivedi Gopi Mohan Raj Kumar Sinha Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya From Lahore Mohan Lal Gautam From Lakhimpur Harnam Sundarlal From Lucknow Govind Charan Kar Shachindra Nath Vishvas From Mathura Shiv Charan Lal Sharma ( warrant was issued against him but he was not arrested because he fled to Pondicherry ) From Meerut Vishnu Sharan Dublish From Orai Veer Bhadra Tiwari From Pune Ram Krishna Khatri From Raibareli Banwari Lal From Shahjahanpur Ram Prasad Bismil Banarsi Lal Lala Har Govind Prem Krishna Khanna Indubhushan Mitra Thakur Roshan Singh Ram Dutt Shukla Madan Lal Ram Ratna Shukla Ashfaqulla Khan From Pratapgarh Sachindra Bakshi Of the above, Shachindra Nath Sanyal, Rajendra Lahiri and Yogesh Chandra Chatterji had already been arrested in Bengal. Lahiri was prosecuted in a Dakshineshwar bombing case, while Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindra Bakshi were arrested later when the main Kakori conspiracy case was over. A supplementary case was filed against these two and they were prosecuted in the same manner. Kakori trial Ram Prasad Bismil and some others were charged with various offences, including robbery and murder. Fifteen people had been released due to lack of evidence and a further five had absconded. Two of the absconders -- Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindra Bakshi -- were captured after the trial, while one of the others, Chandrasekhar Azad, reorganised the HRA in 1928 and shot himself on 27 February 1931 at Chandrasekhar Azad Park, Allahabad. Charges pressed against a further four men were dropped. Damodar Swarup Seth was discharged due to illness, while Veer Bhadra Tiwari, Jyoti Shankar Dixit and Shiv Charan Lal have been suspected of providing information to the authorities. A further two people -- Banarsi Lal and Indu Bhushan Mitra -- became approvers : they helped the prosecution, as also did Banwari Lal in return for a lenient sentence of two years imprisonment. Court 's proceedings This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014 ) Charges against 15 of the accused were withdrawn. The trial against the remaining 28 began on 21 May 1926 in the special session court of A. Hamilton. Abbas Salim Khan, Banwari Lal Bhargava, Gyan Chattarjee and Mohd Ayuf were the assessors of the case. Of the 28, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were transported from where they had been held in Bengal. The court appointed Jagat Narayan Mulla as public prosecutor knowingly ; he had been prejudiced against Ram Prasad Bismil since 1916, when Bismil led the grand procession of Bal Gangadhar Tilak at Lucknow. He had also been the public procecutor in the Mainpuri conspiracy case of 1918. Final verdict Following the arrest of Ashfaqullah Khan, the police tried to make him provide evidence against his accomplices but he refused. Another supplementary case was filed against Ashfaqulla Khan and Sachindra Bakshi in the court of Special Sessions Judge J.R.W. Bennett. An appeal was filed in the then Chief Court of Oudh ( now in Uttar Pradesh ) on 18 July 1927. The punishments given were as follows : Death sentence : Ram Prasad Bismil, Thakur Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqullah Khan Deportation to Kālā Pānī ( Port Blair cellular jail ) : Shachindra Nath Sanyal and Sachindra Bakshi 14 years imprisonment : Manmath Nath Gupta 10 years imprisonment : Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Mukundi Lal, Govid Charan Kar, Raj Kumar Singh and Ram Krishna Khatri 7 years imprisonment : Vishnu Charan Dublish, Suresh Charan Bhattacharya 5 years imprisonment : Bhupen Nath Sanyal, Prem Krishna Sharma 4 years imprisonment : Keshab Chakravarthy Hunger strike in the jail After final judgement of court, the group photograph was taken and all the accused were sent to the different jails of United Province. They were asked to put off their clothes and wear the jail dress like other prisoners. All the accused protested this jail order and started hunger strikes on the first day. Their plea was quite genuine. They argued that since the all have been charged to overturn the British rule and have been punished under section 120 ( B ) and 121 ( A ) hence they should be treated as political prisoners and provided the same facilities in the jails. The details of their hunger strike are given hereunder : Name of the prisoner Name of the jail Days of hunger strike Ram Prasad Bismil Gorakhpur Central jail 4 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 11 April 1927 ) Roshan Singh Allahabad Jail 6 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 13 April 1927 ) Ram Nath Pandey Raibareli District jail 11 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 18 April 1927 ) Prem Krishna Khanna Dehradun District jail 16 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 23 April 1927 ) Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya Agra Central jail 19 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 26 April 1927 ) Ram Krishna Khatri Agra Central jail 32 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 9 May 1927 ) Mukundi Lal Bareilly Central Jail 32 days ( from 7 April 1927 t0 9 May 1927 ) Raj Kumar Sinha Bareilly Central Jail 38 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 15 May 1927 ) Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Fatehgarh jail 41 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 18 May 1927 ) Ram Dulare Trivedi Fatehgarh jail 41 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 18 May 1927 ) Govind Charan Kar Fatehgarh jail 41 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 18 May 1927 ) Manmath Nath Gupta Naini Allahabad jail 45 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 22 May 1927 ) Vishnu Sharan Dublish Naini Allahabad jail 45 days ( from 7 April 1927 to 22 May 1927 ) Defence committee The legal defence for the arrested revolutionaries was provided by Gobind Ballabh Pant, Mohan Lal Saxena, Chandra Bhanu Gupta, Ajit Prasad Jain, Gopi Nath Srivastava, R.M. Bahadurji and B.K. Chaudhury and Kripa Shankar Hajela. Pandit Jagat Narayan Mulla, a leading advocate from Lucknow and brother in law of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru refused to take up the defence of the arrested revolutionaries. He was appointed as Public Prosecutor by the law of Court. Among the political figures who came out in support of those arrested for the Kakori train robbery were : Motilal Nehru, Madan Mohan Malviya, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Lala Lajpat Rai, Jawaharlal Nehru, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Shiv Prasad Gupta, Shri Prakash and Acharya Narendra Dev. Reaction in the country This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014 ) There were widespread protests against the Court 's decision all over the country, and members of the Central Legislature even petitioned the Viceroy of India to commute the death sentences given to the four men to life sentences. Appeals were also sent to the Privy Council and even to Mohandas K. Gandhi himself. However, these requests were turned down and the men were finally executed. Clemency appeal On 22 August 1927, the Chief Court endorsed the original judgement with an exception of one or two punishments. A mercy appeal was filed in due course before the Provincial Governor of U.P. by the members of legislative council which was dismissed. Ram Prasad Bismil wrote a letter to Madan Mohan Malviya on 9 September 1927 from Gorakhpur Jail. Malviya sent a memorandum to the then Viceroy and Governor General of India Edward Fredrick Lindley Wood with the signatures of 78 Members of Central Legislature, which was also turned down. On 16 September 1927, the final mercy appeal was forwarded to Privy Council at London and to the King Emperor through a famous lawyer of England S.L. Polak but the British Government, who had already decided to hang them, sent their final decision to the India office of Viceroy that all the four condemned prisoners were to be hanged till death by 19 December 1927 positively. See also Sukhdev Thapar Rajguru References Jump up ^ Dr. Mehrotra N.C. Swatantrata Andolan Mein Shahjahanpur Ka Yogdan page 117. Jump up ^ Dr. Mahaur Bhagwandas Kakori Shaheed Smriti page 30 Jump up ^ Sharma Vidyarnav Yug Ke Devta : Bismil Aur Ashfaq page 118 Jump up ^ Dr. Mehrotra N.C. Swatantrata Andolan Mein Shahjahanpur Ka Yogdan, page 124 -- 125. Jump up ^ क्रान्त ( 2006 ). Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas ( in Hindi ). 2 ( 1 ed. ). New Delhi : Praveen Prakashan. p. 549. ISBN 81 - 7783 - 120 - 8. Jump up ^ Rana, Bhagwan Singh ( 2004 ). Chandra Shekhar Azad ( An Immortal Revolutionary of India ) ( 1st ed. ). New Delhi, India : Diamaond books. Jump up ^ Dr. Mehrotra N.C. & Dr. Tandon Manisha page - 136 Jump up ^ Dr. Mehrotra N.C. Swatantrata Andolan Mein Shahjahanpur Ka Yogdan page 130. Further reading Gupta, Amit Kumar ( Sep -- Oct 1997 ). `` Defying Death : Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897 -- 1938 ''. Social Scientist. 25 ( 9 / 10 ) : 3 -- 27. JSTOR 3517678. 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Question: who were hanged in connection with kakori train robbery case
Answer: Ram Prasad Bismil