John McCrae - wikipedia John McCrae For the American politician, see John J. McRae. Not to be confused with John MacRae or John McCrea. John McCrae ( 1872 - 11 - 30 ) November 30, 1872 Guelph, Ontario, Canada January 28, 1918 ( 1918 - 01 - 28 ) ( aged 45 ) Boulogne - sur - Mer, France Occupation Poet, physician, author, Lieutenant Colonel of the Canadian Expeditionary Force Known for Author of `` In Flanders Fields '' Relatives Thomas McCrae ( brother ) Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD ( November 30, 1872 -- January 28, 1918 ) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during World War I, and a surgeon during the Second Battle of Ypres, in Belgium. He is best known for writing the famous war memorial poem `` In Flanders Fields ''. McCrae died of pneumonia near the end of the war. Contents 1 Biography 2 World War I 3 `` In Flanders Fields '' 4 Legacy 5 Notes and references 6 Further reading 7 External links Biography McCrae was born in McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario to Lieutenant - Colonel David McCrae and Janet Simpson Eckford ; he was the grandson of Scottish immigrants. His brother, Dr. Thomas McCrae, became professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore and close associate of Sir William Osler. His sister Geills married a lawyer, Kilgour, and moved to Winnipeg. McCrae attended the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute. He took a year off his studies due to recurring problems with asthma. John McCrae in 1912 Among his papers in the John McCrae House in Guelph is a letter he wrote on July 18, 1893 to Laura Kains while he trained as an artilleryman at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. `` I have a manservant... Quite a nobby place it is, in fact... My windows look right out across the bay, and are just near the water 's edge ; there is a good deal of shipping at present in the port ; and the river looks very pretty. '' He was a resident master in English and Mathematics in 1894 at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph. McCrae returned to the University of Toronto and completed his B.A., then returned again to study medicine on a scholarship. While attending university he joined the Zeta Psi Fraternity ( Theta Xi chapter ; class of 1894 ) and published his first poems. At medical school, McCrae tutored other students to help pay his tuition. Two of his students were among the first female doctors in Ontario. McCrae graduated in 1898. He was first a resident house - officer at Toronto General Hospital, then in 1899 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1902, he was appointed resident pathologist at Montreal General Hospital and later became assistant pathologist to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Quebec. In 1900 McCrae served in South Africa as a lieutenant in the Canadian Field Artillery during the Boer War ( 1899 to 1902 ). In 1904, he was appointed an associate in medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Later that year, he went to England where he studied for several months and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1905, McCrae set up his own practice although he continued to work and lecture at several hospitals. The same year, he was appointed pathologist to the Montreal Foundling and Baby Hospital. In 1908, he was appointed physician to the Alexandra Hospital for Contagious Diseases. In 1910, he accompanied Lord Grey, the Governor General of Canada, on a canoe trip to Hudson Bay to serve as expedition physician. McCrae served in the artillery during the Second Boer War, and upon his return was appointed professor of pathology at the University of Vermont, where he taught until 1911 ; he also taught at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. McCrae was the co-author, with J.G. Adami, of a medical textbook, A Text - Book of Pathology for Students of Medicine ( 1912 ; 2nd ed., 1914 ). World War I McCrae 's funeral When Britain declared war on Germany at the start of World War I, Canada, as a Dominion within the British Empire, was at war as well. McCrae was appointed as Medical Officer and Major of the 1st Brigade CFA ( Canadian Field Artillery ). He treated wounded during the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, from a hastily dug, 8 foot by 8 foot bunker dug in the back of the dyke along the Yser Canal about 2 miles north of Ypres. McCrae 's friend and former militia pal, Lt. Alexis Helmer, was killed in the battle, and his burial inspired the poem, `` In Flanders Fields '', which was written on May 3, 1915 and first published in the magazine Punch. From June 1, 1915, McCrae was ordered away from the artillery to set up No. 3 Canadian General Hospital at Dannes - Camiers near Boulogne - sur - Mer, northern France. C.L.C. Allinson reported that McCrae `` most unmilitarily told ( me ) what he thought of being transferred to the medicals and being pulled away from his beloved guns. His last words to me were : ' Allinson, all the goddamn doctors in the world will not win this bloody war : what we need is more and more fighting men. ' '' `` In Flanders Fields '' appeared anonymously in Punch on December 8, 1915, but in the index to that year McCrae was named as the author. The verses swiftly became one of the most popular poems of the war, used in countless fund - raising campaigns and frequently translated ( a Latin version begins In agro belgico... ). `` In Flanders Fields '' was also extensively printed in the United States, which was contemplating joining the war, alongside a ' reply ' by R.W. Lillard, ( ``... Fear not that you have died for naught, / The torch ye threw to us we caught... '' ). McCrae 's grave at Wimereux cemetery For eight months the hospital operated in Durbar tents ( donated by the Begum of Bhopal and shipped from India ), but after suffering from storms, floods, and frosts it was moved in February 1916 into the old Jesuit College in Boulogne - sur - Mer. McCrae, now `` a household name, albeit a frequently misspelt one '', regarded his sudden fame with some amusement, wishing that `` they would get to printing ' In F.F. ' correctly : it never is nowadays '' ; but ( writes his biographer ) `` he was satisfied if the poem enabled men to see where their duty lay. '' On January 28, 1918, while still commanding No. 3 Canadian General Hospital ( McGill ) at Boulogne, McCrae died of pneumonia with `` extensive pneumococcus meningitis ''. He was buried the following day in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission section of Wimereux Cemetery, just a couple of kilometres up the coast from Boulogne, with full military honours. His flag - draped coffin was borne on a gun carriage and the mourners -- who included Sir Arthur Currie and many of McCrae 's friends and staff -- were preceded by McCrae 's charger, `` Bonfire '', with McCrae 's boots reversed in the stirrups. Bonfire was with McCrae from Valcartier, Quebec until his death and was much loved. McCrae 's gravestone is placed flat, as are all the others in the section, because of the unstable sandy soil. `` In Flanders Fields '' Main article : In Flanders Fields `` In Flanders Fields '' memorial on the John McCrae Memorial Site, Boezinge, Ypres, West Flanders, Belgium A collection of his poetry, In Flanders Fields and Other Poems ( 1918 ), was published after his death. `` In Flanders Fields '' In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place ; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the dead, short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe : To you from failing hands we throw The torch ; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. Though various legends have developed as to the inspiration for the poem, the most commonly held belief is that McCrae wrote `` In Flanders Fields '' on May 3, 1915, the day after presiding over the funeral and burial of his friend Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, who had been killed during the Second Battle of Ypres. The poem was written as he sat upon the back of a medical field ambulance near an advance dressing post at Essex Farm, just north of Ypres. The poppy, which was a central feature of the poem, grew in great numbers in the spoiled earth of the battlefields and cemeteries of Flanders. In 1855, British historian Lord Macaulay, writing about the site of the Battle of Landen ( in modern Belgium, 100 miles from Ypres ) in 1693, wrote `` The next summer the soil, fertilised by twenty thousand corpses, broke forth into millions of poppies. The traveller who, on the road from Saint Tron to Tirlemont, saw that vast sheet of rich scarlet spreading from Landen to Neerwinden, could hardly help fancying that the figurative prediction of the Hebrew prophet was literally accomplished, that the earth was disclosing her blood, and refusing to cover the slain. '' The Canadian government has placed a memorial to John McCrae that features `` In Flanders Fields '' at the site of the dressing station which sits beside the Commonwealth War Graves Commission 's Essex Farm Cemetery. The Belgian government has named this site the `` John McCrae Memorial Site ''. Legacy Roll of Honour of Clan MacRae 's dead of World War I at Eilean Donan castle in Scotland. `` In Flanders Fields '' features prominently. McCrae was designated a Person of National Historic Significance in 1946. McCrae was the great - uncle of former Alberta MP David Kilgour and of Kilgour 's sister Geills Turner, who married former Canadian Prime Minister John Turner. In 1918, Lieut. John Philip Sousa wrote the music to `` In Flanders Fields the poppies grow '' words by Lieut. - Col John McCrae. The Cloth Hall of the city of Ieper ( Ypres in French and English ) in Belgium has a permanent war museum called the `` In Flanders Fields Museum '', named after the poem. There are also a photograph and a short biographical memorial to McCrae in the St George Memorial Church in Ypres. In May 2007, to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the writing of his best - known poem with a two - day literary conference. Several institutions have been named in McCrae 's honour, including John McCrae Public School in Guelph, John McCrae Public School in Markham, John McCrae Senior Public School in Toronto and John McCrae Secondary School in Ottawa, Ontario. A bronze plaque memorial dedicated to Lt. Col. John McCrae was erected by the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute. McCrae House was converted into a museum. The current Canadian War Museum has a gallery for special exhibits, called The Lieutenant - Colonel John McCrae Gallery. Colonel John McCrae statue at Guelph Civic Museum, unveiled in 2015 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his poem `` In Flanders Fields '' In May 2015, a statue of McCrae by Ruth Abernathy was erected on Green Island ( Rideau River ) in Ottawa, Ontario. McCrae is dressed as an artillery officer and his medical bag nearby, as he writes. The statue shows the destruction of the battlefield and, at his feet, the poppies which are a symbol of Remembrance of World War I and all armed conflict since. A copy of that statue was erected at Guelph Civic Museum in Guelph in 2015. The street next to the cemetery where he is buried is named in his honour, although the street is called `` Rue Mac Crae ''. Notes and references Jump up ^ Graves, Dianne ( 1997 ). A Crown of Life : The World of John McCrae. Spellmount. ISBN 1873376863. OCLC 39342779., pages 3 - 8. Jump up ^ Peddie Jump up ^ `` The Early Years ''. Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae. Veteran Affairs Canada. Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 06. Jump up ^ A Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography, pg 733. Howard Atwood Kelley. 1920. Jump up ^ Graves, Dianne ( 1997 ). A Crown of Life : The World of John McCrae. Spellmount. ISBN 1873376863. OCLC 39342779., pages 154 - 171. ^ Jump up to : Bonfire - The Chestnut Gentleman by Susan Raby - Dunne © 2012 Jump up ^ `` Casualty Details Helmer, Alexis Hannum ''. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Jump up ^ Prescott, p. 99 Jump up ^ Prescott, p. 106. Jump up ^ Prescott, p. 107. Jump up ^ Holt, pp 54 -- 62 Jump up ^ CWGC : John McCrae ^ Jump up to : Busch, p. 75 ; Holt, p. 62. Prescott, p. 129. Jump up ^ Busch, p. 75. Jump up ^ In Flanders Fields, and Other Poems at Project Gutenberg Jump up ^ Isaiah 26 : 21, `` For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity : the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain. '' ( KJV ) Jump up ^ McCrae, Lieutenant - Colonel John National Historic Person. Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved April 24, 2012. Jump up ^ In Flanders Fields the poppies grow / words by Lieut. - Col John McCrae ; music by Lieut. John Philip Sousa. -- New York : G. Schirmer, 1918 -- New York : G. Schirmer, 1918 ( Who Was Who, 1929 -- 1940, pp. 1267 -- 1268 ) Jump up ^ In Flanders Fields Jump up ^ Chris Spriet, `` Mentioned in Despatches - the Flemish Harvest revisited ''. Siegfried 's Journal, no 12 ( July 2007 ), pp 19 - 21 Jump up ^ Lt. Col. John McCrae, M.D. plaque Archived September 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. at the National Defence website. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 29. Busch, Briton Cooper ( 2003 ). Canada and the Great War : Western Front Association papers. McGill - Queen 's University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7735 - 2546 - 7 Holt, Tonie and Valmai ( 1996 ). Poets of the Great War, `` Lieutenant - Colonel John McCrae ''. Barnsley : Leo Cooper ( Reprinted 1999 ). ISBN 978 - 0 - 85052 - 706 - 3 Peddie, John. The Story of John McCrae Guelph Museums, Guelph, Ontario. Accessed : 2010 - 02 - 25 Prescott, JF ( 1985 ). In Flanders fields : the story of John McCrae. Boston Mills Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 919783 - 07 - 2 Further reading McCrae, Lieutenant Colonel John ( 1919 ), In Flanders Fields and Other Poems, Arcturus Publishing ( reprint 2008 ), ISBN 1 - 84193 - 994 - 3 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to John McCrae. Wikiquote has quotations related to : John McCrae Wikisource has original works written by or about : John McCrae Guelph Civic Museum McCrae House Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Works by John McCrae at Project Gutenberg Works by John McCrae at Faded Page ( Canada ) Works by or about John McCrae at Internet Archive Works by John McCrae at LibriVox ( public domain audiobooks ) John McCrae in Flanders Fields -- Historical Essay, illustrated with many photographs of McCrae For occurrences of In Flanders Fields in film, see John McCrae on IMDb `` In Flanders Fields '' museum, Ypres. Lost Poets of the Great War, a hypertext document on the poetry of World War I by Harry Rusche, of the English Department, Emory University. It contains a bibliography of related materials John McCrae Veteran 's Affairs John McCrae 's page at Poeticous.com VIAF : 20600031 LCCN : n85339564 ISNI : 0000 0000 7735 1483 GND : 123858305 SELIBR : 383903 BIBSYS : 9061137 MusicBrainz : c53b8ef1 - 8d5c - 4e8e - 8620 - b31d0d7204bd NLA : 35673540 NKC : xx0113005 SNAC : w62b8w14 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_McCrae&oldid=834377114 '' Categories : 1872 births 1918 deaths Canadian military personnel of World War I Canadian military personnel killed in World War I Canadian pathologists 19th - century Canadian poets 20th - century Canadian poets Canadian Presbyterians Canadian World War I poets 20th - century Canadian male writers Canadian male poets Canadian people of Scottish descent People from Guelph University of Toronto alumni University of Vermont faculty Persons of National Historic Significance ( Canada ) The Queen 's Own Rifles of Canada Deaths from pneumonia 19th - century male writers McGill University faculty Canadian military doctors Hidden categories : Articles with Project Gutenberg links Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from April 2013 Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012 Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikisource Български Brezhoneg Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano Lëtzebuergesch Nederlands Polski Русский Simple English Svenska Українська West - Vlams 11 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018, at 12 : 06. 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Question: where was john mccrae when he wrote in flanders fields
Answer: the back of a medical field ambulance near an advance dressing post at Essex Farm, just north of Ypres