Atlas Mountains - wikipedia Atlas Mountains For the volcanic cone, see Mount Atlas. Atlas Mountains Toubkal Mountain in Toubkal National Park in the High Atlas, Morocco Highest point Peak Toubkal, Morocco Elevation 4,167 m ( 13,671 ft ) Coordinates 31 ° 03 ′ 43 '' N 07 ° 54 ′ 58 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 31.06194 ° N 7.91611 ° W ﻿ / 31.06194 ; - 7.91611 Coordinates : 31 ° 03 ′ 43 '' N 07 ° 54 ′ 58 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 31.06194 ° N 7.91611 ° W ﻿ / 31.06194 ; - 7.91611 Geography Location of the Atlas Mountains ( red ) across North Africa Countries Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia Geology Age of rock Precambrian The Atlas Mountains ( Arabic : جبال الأطلس ‎ ‎, jibāl al - ʾaṭlas ; Berber : ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ, idurar n waṭlas ) are a mountain range in the Maghreb. It stretches around 2,500 km ( 1,600 mi ) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The range 's highest peak is Toubkal, with an elevation of 4,167 metres ( 13,671 ft ) in southwestern Morocco. It separates the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines from the Sahara Desert. The Atlas mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations. The terms for ' mountain ' in some Berber languages are adrar and adras, which are believed to be cognates of the toponym Atlas. The mountains are home to a number of plant and animal species unique in Africa, often more like those of Europe ; many of them are endangered and some have already gone extinct. Examples include the Barbary macaque, the Atlas bear ( Africa 's only native bear ; now extinct ), the Barbary leopard, the Barbary stag, Barbary sheep, the Barbary lion ( extinct in the wild ), the Atlas Mountain badger, the North African elephant ( extinct ), the North African aurochs ( extinct ), Cuvier 's gazelle, the Northern bald ibis, dippers, the Atlas mountain viper, the Atlas cedar, the European black pine, and the Algerian oak. Contents 1 Geology 1.1 Natural resources 2 Subranges of the Atlas Mountains 2.1 Middle Atlas range 2.2 High Atlas 2.3 Anti-Atlas ranges 2.4 Saharan Atlas range 2.5 Tell Atlas range 2.6 Aurès mountain range 3 See also 4 References and notes Geology Map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains across North Africa The basement rock of most of Africa was formed during the Precambrian period, and is much older than the Atlas Mountains lying on the continent. The Atlas was formed during three subsequent phases of Earth 's geology. The first tectonic deformation phase involves only the Anti-Atlas, which was formed in the Paleozoic Era ( ~ 300 million years ago ) as the result of continental collisions. North America, Europe and Africa were connected millions of years ago. The tectonic boundary. The Anti-Atlas Mountains are believed to have originally been formed as part of Alleghenian orogeny. These mountains were formed when Africa and America collided, and were once a chain rivaling today 's Himalayas. Today, the remains of this chain can be seen in the Fall Line region in the Eastern United States. Some remnants can also be found in the later formed Appalachians in North America. A second phase took place during the Mesozoic Era ( before ~ 66 My ). It consisted of a widespread extension of the Earth 's crust that rifted and separated the continents mentioned above. This extension was responsible for the formation of many thick intracontinental sedimentary basins including the present Atlas. Most of the rocks forming the surface of the present High Atlas were deposited under the ocean at that time. Finally, in the Paleogene and Neogene Periods ( ~ 66 million to ~ 1.8 million years ago ), the mountain chains that today constitute the Atlas were uplifted, as the land masses of Europe and Africa collided at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Such convergent tectonic boundaries occur where two plates slide towards each other forming a subduction zone ( if one plate moves underneath the other ), and / or a continental collision ( when the two plates contain continental crust ). In the case of the Africa - Europe collision, it is clear that tectonic convergence is partially responsible for the formation of the High Atlas, as well as for the closure of the Strait of Gibraltar and the formation of the Alps and the Pyrenees. However, there is a lack of evidence for the nature of the subduction in the Atlas region, or for the thickening of the Earth 's crust generally associated with continental collisions. In fact, one of the most striking features of the Atlas to geologists is the relative small amount of crustal thickening and tectonic shortening despite the important altitude of the mountain range. Recent studies suggest that deep processes rooted in the Earth 's mantle may have contributed to the uplift of the High and Middle Atlas. Natural resources The Atlas are rich in natural resources. There are deposits of iron ore, lead ore, copper, silver, mercury, rock salt, phosphate, marble, anthracite coal and natural gas among other resources. View of the mountains Subranges of the Atlas Mountains High Atlas, Morocco The range can be divided into four general regions : Middle Atlas, High Atlas and Anti-Atlas ( Morocco ). Tell Atlas ( Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia ). Aurès Mountains ( Algeria, Tunisia ). Saharan Atlas ( Algeria ). Middle Atlas range Main article : Middle Atlas The Middle Atlas is a portion of the Atlas mountain range lying completely in Morocco. The Middle Atlas is the westernmost of three Atlas Mountains chains that define a large, plateaued basin extending eastward. South of the Middle Atlas and separated by the Moulouya and Oum Er - Rbia rivers, the High Atlas stretches for 700 kilometres ( 430 mi ) with a succession of peaks among which ten reach above 4,000 metres ( 13,000 ft ). North of the Middle Atlas and separated by the Sebou River, the Rif mountains are an extension of the Baetic Cordillera ( Baetic mountains, which include the Sierra Nevada ) in the south of Spain. High Atlas Satellite photograph of the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains. North is at the bottom ; the city of Goulmima can be seen at center left. Main article : High Atlas The High Atlas in central Morocco rises in the west at the Atlantic coast and stretches in an eastern direction to the Moroccan - Algerian border. At the Atlantic and to the southwest, the range drops abruptly and makes an impressive transition to the coast and the Anti-Atlas range. To the north, in the direction of Marrakesh, the range descends less abruptly. On the heights of Ouarzazate the massif is cut through by the Draa Valley which opens southward. It is mainly inhabited by Berber people, who live in small villages and cultivate the high plains of the Ourika Valley. Near Barrage Cavagnac, there is a hydroelectric dam that has created the artificial lake Lalla Takerkoust. The lake serves also as a source for fish for the local fishermen. The largest villages and towns of the area are Ouarzazate, Tahanaoute, Amizmiz, Imlil, Tin Mal and Ijoukak. Panoramic picture of the artificial lake of Lalla Takerkoust near Barrage Cavagnac, with the hydroelectric dam ( far right ) Anti-Atlas ranges Main article : Anti-Atlas The Anti-Atlas extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest of Morocco toward the northeast to the heights of Ouarzazate and further east to the city of Tafilalt ( altogether a distance of approximately 500 kilometres or 310 miles ). In the south it borders the Sahara. The easternmost point of the anti-Atlas is the Jbel Saghro range and its northern boundary is flanked by sections of the High Atlas range. It includes the Djebel Siroua, a massif of volcanic origin with the highest summit of the range at 3,304 m. The Jebel Bani is a much lower range running along the southern side of the Anti Atlas. Saharan Atlas range Main article : Saharan Atlas The Saharan Atlas of Algeria is the eastern portion of the Atlas mountain range. Though not as high as the Grand Atlas, they are far more imposing than the Tell Atlas range that runs to the north of them and closer to the coast. The highest peak in the range is the 2,236 m ( 7,336 ft ) high Djebel Aissa. They mark the northern edge of the Sahara Desert. The mountains see some rainfall and are better suited to agriculture than the plateau region to the north. Today most of the population of the region are Berbers ( Imazighen ). Tell Atlas range Main article : Tell Atlas Panoramic view of typical Berber village ( Morocco - High Atlas Mountains ). The Tell Atlas is a mountain chain over 1,500 kilometres ( 930 mi ) in length, belonging to the Atlas mountain ranges and stretching from Morocco, through Algeria to Tunisia. It parallels the Mediterranean coast. Together with the Saharan Atlas to the south it forms the northernmost of two more or less parallel ranges which gradually approach one another towards the east, merging in Eastern Algeria. At the western ends at the Middle Atlas range in Morocco. The area immediately to the south of this range is the high plateau of the Hautes Plaines, with lakes in the wet season and salt flats in the dry. Aurès mountain range Main article : Aurès Mountains Aures Mountains Location of the Aures region The Aurès Mountains of Algeria and Tunisia are the farthest eastern portion of the Atlas mountain range. The Aurès natural region is named after the range. See also Capsian culture Teffedest Mountains Nafusa Mountains Atlas ( mythology ) References and notes Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Atlas Mountains. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlas Mountains. Jump up ^ `` Atlas Mountains - Students Britannica Kids Homework Help ''. kids.britannica.com. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 07. Jump up ^ `` Atlas Mountains : Facts and Location Study.com ''. Study.com. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 07. Jump up ^ UAB.es Potential field modelling of the Atlas lithosphere Jump up ^ UAB.es Crustal structure under the central High Atlas Mountains ( Morocco ) from geological and gravity data, P. Ayarza, et al., 2005, Tectonophysics, 400, 67 - 84 Jump up ^ Des Montagnes du Sarho aux dunes de Merzouga Jump up ^ Algeria - Ethnic Groups and Languages Major African geological formations Plates African Plate Somali Plate Madagascar Plate Seychelles Plate Cratons and shields Arabian - Nubian Shield Congo Craton Kaapvaal Craton Kalahari Craton Saharan Metacraton Tanzania Craton Tuareg Shield West African Craton Zimbabwe Craton Shear zones Aswa Dislocation Broodkop Shear Zone Central African Shear Zone Chuan Shear Zones Foumban Shear Zone Kandi Fault Zone Mwembeshi Shear Zone Todi Shear Zone Western Meseta Shear Zone Orogens Alpide Orogen Cape Fold Belt Damara Orogen East African Orogen Eburnean Orogen Gondwanide Orogen Kibaran Orogen Kuunga Orogen Mauritanide Belt Pan-African orogens Terra Australis Orogen Rifts Afar Triangle Anza trough Bahr el Arab rift Benue Trough Blue Nile rift East African Rift Gulf of Suez Rift Lamu Embayment Melut Basin Muglad Basin Red Sea Rift Sangha Aulacogen Atbara rift White Nile rift Sedimentary basins Angola Basin Aoukar Blue Nile Basin Chad Basin Congo Basin Douala Basin El Djouf Foreland Karoo Basin Gabon Basin Iullemmeden Basin Kufra Basin Murzuq Basin Niger Delta Basin Ogaden Basin Orange River basin Ouled Abdoun Basin Owambo Basin Reggane Basin Rio del Rey Basin Sirte Basin Somali Coastal Basin Taoudeni basin Tanzania Coastal Basin Tindouf Basin Turkana Basin Mountain ranges Aïr Mountains Atlas Mountains Aurès Mountains Bambouk Mountains Blue Mountains Cameroon line Central Pangean Mountains Chaillu Mountains Drakensberg Ethiopian Highlands East African mountains Great Escarpment Great Karas Mountains Guinée forestière Imatong Mountains Jebel Uweinat Loma Mountains Mandara Mountains Marrah Mountains Mitumba Mountains Nuba Mountains Rif Mountains Rwenzori Mountains Sankwala Mountains Serra da Leba Serra da Chela Teffedest Mountains Tibesti Mountains Regions of the world Regions of Africa North Mediterranean Gibraltar Arc Greater Middle East MENA Middle East Maghreb Barbary Coast Barbara Ancient Libya Atlas Mountains ( Middle Atlas ) Sahara Western Sahara Sahel Eastern Mediterranean Egypt Upper Egypt Middle Egypt Lower Egypt Cataracts of the Nile Bashmur Nubia Lower Nubia Nile Valley Nile Delta Darfur Gulf of Aqaba Sub-Saharan East Aethiopia Swahili coast East African Rift Great Rift Valley Afar Triangle Danakil Desert Danakil Alps Albertine Rift Virunga Mountains Gregory Rift Valley Southern Rift Valley Rift Valley lakes African Great Lakes Mittelafrika Horn of Africa Ethiopian Highlands Gulf of Aden Gulf of Tadjoura Sudan ( region ) Sudanian Savanna East African montane forests Sub-Saharan Central Negroland Guinea region Gulf of Guinea Cape Lopez Mayombe Igboland Mbaise Maputaland Pool Malebo Congo Basin Chad Basin Congolese rainforests Ouaddaï highlands Ennedi Plateau Sub-Saharan West Pepper Coast Gold Coast Slave Coast Ivory Coast Cape Palmas Cape Mesurado Negroland Guinea region Gulf of Guinea Sudanian Savanna Niger Basin Guinean Forests of West Africa Sudan ( region ) Niger Delta Inner Niger Delta Sub-Saharan South Madagascar Central Highlands ( Madagascar ) Northern Highlands Rhodesia North South Thembuland Succulent Karoo Nama Karoo Bushveld Highveld Fynbos Cape Floristic Region Kalahari Desert Okavango Delta False Bay Hydra Bay Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa Francophone Africa Lusophone Africa Arabophone Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Tropical Africa Islands Regions of North America Canada Eastern Canada Western Canada Canadian Prairies Central Canada Northern Canada Atlantic Canada The Maritimes French Canada English Canada Acadia Acadian Peninsula Quebec City -- Windsor Corridor Peace River Country Cypress Hills Palliser 's Triangle Canadian Shield Interior Alaska - 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Question: mountain chain in africa running through morocco algeria and tunisia
Answer: Atlas Mountains