Doggerland - wikipedia Doggerland Map showing hypothetical extent of Doggerland ( c. 10,000 BC ), which provided a land bridge between Great Britain and continental Europe Doggerland was an area now beneath the southern North Sea that connected Great Britain to continental Europe during and after the last glacial period. It was flooded by rising sea levels around 6,500 -- 6,200 BC. Geological surveys have suggested that it stretched from Britain 's east coast to the Netherlands and the western coasts of Germany and the peninsula of Jutland. It was probably a rich habitat with human habitation in the Mesolithic period, although rising sea levels gradually reduced it to low - lying islands before its final submergence, possibly following a tsunami caused by the Storegga Slide. The archaeological potential of the area had first been identified in the early 20th century, but interest intensified in 1931 when a fishing trawler operating east of the Wash dragged up a barbed antler point that was subsequently dated to a time when the area was tundra. Vessels have dragged up remains of mammoth, lion and other animals, as well as a few prehistoric tools and weapons. Doggerland was named after the Dogger Bank, which in turn was named after the 17th century Dutch fishing boats called doggers. Contents 1 Formation 2 Disappearance 3 Discovery and investigation by archaeologists 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Formation Map showing hypothetical extent of Doggerland from Weichselian glaciation until the current situation. Until the middle Pleistocene, Britain was a peninsula of Europe, connected by the massive chalk Weald -- Artois Anticline across the Straits of Dover. During the Anglian glaciation, approximately 450,000 years ago, an ice sheet filled much of the North Sea, with a large proglacial lake in the southern part fed by the Rhine, Scheldt and Thames river systems. The catastrophic overflow of this lake carved a channel through the anticline, leading to the formation of the Channel River, which carried the combined Scheldt and Thames to the Atlantic. This probably created the potential for Britain to become isolated from the continent during periods of high sea level, although some scientists argue that the final break did not occur until a second ice - dammed lake overflowed during the MIS 8 or MIS6 glaciations, around 340,000 or 240,000 years ago. During the most recent glaciation of the Last Glacial Maximum, which ended around 18,000 years ago, the North Sea and much of the British Isles were covered with glacial ice and the sea level was about 120 m ( 390 ft ) lower. Subsequently, the climate became warmer and during the Late Glacial Maximum around 12,000 BC Britain, as well as much of the North Sea and English Channel, was an expanse of low - lying tundra. Evidence, including the contours of the present seabed, indicates that after the first main Ice Age, the watershed between the North Sea and English Channel extended east from East Anglia then south - east to the Hook of Holland, rather than across the Strait of Dover. The Seine, Thames, Meuse, Scheldt and Rhine rivers joined and flowed west along the English Channel as a wide slow river before eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean. At about 10,000 BC the north - facing coastal area of Doggerland had a coastline of lagoons, saltmarshes, mudflats and beaches as well as inland streams, rivers, marshes and lakes. It may have been the richest hunting, fowling and fishing ground in Europe in the Mesolithic period. One big river system found by 3D seismic survey, undertaken by the Birmingham `` North Sea Palaeolandscapes Project, '' was the `` Shotton River '', which drained the south - east part of the Dogger Bank hill area into the east end of the Outer Silver Pit lake. It is named after Birmingham geologist Frederick William Shotton. Disappearance The red line marks Dogger Bank, which is most likely a moraine formed in the Pleistocene As ice melted at the end of the last glacial period of the current ice age, sea levels rose and the land began to tilt in an isostatic adjustment as the huge weight of ice lessened. Doggerland eventually became submerged, cutting off what was previously the British peninsula from the European mainland by around 6500 BC. The Dogger Bank, an upland area of Doggerland, remained an island until at least 5000 BC. Key stages are now believed to have included the gradual evolution of a large tidal bay between eastern England and Dogger Bank by 9000 BC and a rapid sea - level rise thereafter, leading to Dogger Bank becoming an island and Great Britain becoming physically disconnected from the continent. A recent hypothesis postulates that much of the remaining coastal land was flooded by a megatsunami around 6200 BC, caused by a submarine landslide off the coast of Norway known as the Storegga Slide. This suggests : `` that the Storegga Slide tsunami would have had a catastrophic impact on the contemporary coastal Mesolithic population... Britain finally became separated from the continent and in cultural terms, the Mesolithic there goes its own way. '' A study published in 2014 suggested that the only remaining parts of Doggerland at the time of the Storegga Slide were low - lying islands, but supported the view that the area had been abandoned at about the same time as the tsunamis. Another view speculates that the Storegga tsunami devastated Doggerland but then ebbed back into the sea, and that later Lake Agassiz ( in North America ) burst releasing so much fresh water that sea levels over about two years rose to flood much of Doggerland and make Britain an island. Discovery and investigation by archaeologists Woolly mammoth skull discovered by fishermen in the North Sea, at Celtic and Prehistoric Museum, Ireland The prehistoric existence of what is now known as Doggerland was established in the late 19th century. H.G. Wells referred to the concept in his short story A Story of the Stone Age of 1897, set in `` a time when one might have walked dryshod from France ( as we call it now ) to England, and when a broad and sluggish Thames flowed through its marshes to meet its father Rhine, flowing through a wide and level country that is under water in these latter days, and which we know by the name of the North Sea... Fifty thousand years ago it was, fifty thousand years if the reckoning of geologists is correct '', though most of the action seems to occur in what is now Surrey and Kent, but stretching out to Doggerland. The remains of plants brought to the surface from Dogger Bank were studied in 1913 by paleobiologist Clement Reid, and the remains of animals and worked flints from the Neolithic period had also been found. In his book The Antiquity of Man of 1915, anatomist Sir Arthur Keith discussed the archaeological potential of the area. In 1931, the trawler Colinda hauled up a lump of peat whilst fishing near the Ower Bank, 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) east of Norfolk. The peat was found to contain a barbed antler point, possibly used as a harpoon or fish spear, 220 millimetres ( 8.5 in ) long, which dated from between 4,000 and 10,000 BC when the area was tundra. Interest was reinvigorated in the 1990s by Bryony Coles, who named the area `` Doggerland '' ( `` after the great banks in the southern North Sea '' ) and produced speculative maps of the area. Although she recognised that the current relief of the southern North Sea seabed is not a sound guide to the topography of Doggerland, this topography has more recently begun to be reconstructed more authoritatively using seismic survey data obtained from oil exploration. Between 2003 and 2007 a team at the University of Birmingham led by Vince Gaffney and Ken Thomson mapped around 23,000 square kilometres ( 8,900 square miles ) of the Early Holocene landscape, using seismic data provided for research by Petroleum Geo - Services, as part of the work of the University of Birmingham North Sea Palaeolandscapes Project. The results of this study were published as a technical monograph and a popular book on the history and archaeology of Doggerland. Early Holocene landscape features mapped by the North Sea Palaeolandscapes Project. A skull fragment of a Neanderthal, dated at over 40,000 years old, was recovered from material dredged from the Middeldiep, some 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) off the coast of Zeeland, and exhibited in Leiden in 2009. In March 2010 it was reported that recognition of the potential archaeological importance of the area could affect the future development of offshore wind farms. In July 2012, the results of study of Doggerland by the universities of Birmingham, St Andrews, Dundee, and Aberdeen, including artefacts survey results, were displayed at the Royal Society summer exhibition in London. Richard Bates of St Andrews University said : We have speculated for years on the lost land 's existence from bones dredged by fishermen all over the North Sea, but it 's only since working with oil companies in the last few years that we have been able to re-create what this lost land looked like... We have now been able to model its flora and fauna, build up a picture of the ancient people that lived there and begin to understand some of the dramatic events that subsequently changed the land, including the sea rising and a devastating tsunami. Since 2015, the University of Bradford 's project Europe 's Lost Frontiers project has continued mapping the prehistoric landscapes of Doggerland and has used this these data to direct a programme of extensive coring of marine palaeochannels. Sediment from the cores has provided sedimentary DNA as well as conventional environmental data and these will be used in a major computational modelling programme replicating colonisation of the submerged landscape. In popular culture The `` Mammoth Journey '' episode of the BBC television programme Walking with Beasts is partly set on the dry bed of the southern North Sea. The area featured in a 2007 episode of the Channel 4 Time Team ( specials ) documentary series called `` Britain 's Drowned World ''. The first chapter of Edward Rutherfurd 's novel Sarum describes the flooding of Doggerland. Science fiction author Stephen Baxter 's Northland trilogy is set in an alternative timeline in which Doggerland ( Northland in the books ) is never inundated. The opening song of Ian Anderson 's 2014 album, Homo Erraticus, is titled `` Doggerland, '' and provides a first person narrative from the point of view of the prehistoric people who might have lived there. See also Maglemosian culture Outburst flood Viking Bergen Island Weald -- Artois Anticline References Jump up ^ `` The Doggerland Project '', University of Exeter Department of Archaeology ^ Jump up to : Patterson, W, `` Coastal Catastrophe '' ( paleoclimate research document ), University of Saskatchewan Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : Rincon, Paul ( 1 May 2014 ). `` Prehistoric North Sea ' Atlantis ' hit by 5m tsunami ''. BBC News. Jump up ^ Mihai, Andrei ( February 5, 2015 ). `` Doggerland -- the land that connected Europe and the UK 8000 years ago ''. ZME Science. Retrieved February 18, 2015. Jump up ^ Pettitt, Paul ; White, Mark ( 2012 ). The British Palaeolithic : Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World. Abingdon, UK : Routledge. pp. 98 -- 102, 277. ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 67455 - 3. ^ Jump up to : University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine., C1119 Modern human evolution, Lecture 6, slide 23 ^ Jump up to : Vincent Gaffney, `` Global Warming and Lost Lands : Understanding the Effects of Sea Level Rise '' Jump up ^ Stride, A.H ( January 1959 ). `` On the origin of the Dogger Bank, in the North Sea ''. Geological Magazine. 96 ( 1 ) : 33 -- 34. doi : 10.1017 / S0016756800059197. Retrieved 12 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : Scarre, Chris ( 2005 ). The Human Past : World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London : Thames & Hudson. p. 180. ISBN 978 - 0 - 500 - 28531 - 2. ^ Jump up to : Bernhard Weninger et al., The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami, Documenta Praehistorica XXXV, 2008 Jump up ^ Britain 's Stone Age Tsunami, Channel 4, 8 to 9 pm, Thursday 30 May 2013 Jump up ^ Online text ^ Jump up to : Keith, Arthur ( 15 August 2004 ). `` 3 ''. The Antiquity of Man. Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd. p. 41. ISBN 81 - 7041 - 977 - 8. Retrieved 12 January 2010. ^ Jump up to : B.J. Coles. `` Doggerland : a speculative survey ( Doggerland : une prospection spéculative ) '', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, ISSN 0079 - 497X, 1998, vol. 64, pp. 45 -- 81 ( 3 p. 1 / 4 ) Jump up ^ North Sea Palaeolandscapes Project Jump up ^ Laura Spinney, `` The lost world : Doggerland '' Jump up ^ Vincent L. Gaffney ; Kenneth Thomson ; Simon Fitch, eds. ( 2007 ). Mapping Doggerland : The Mesolithic Landscapes of the Southern North Sea. Archaeopress. p. 11. ISBN 978 - 1 - 905739 - 14 - 1. Jump up ^ Vincent Gaffney, Simon Fitch, David Smith, Europe 's Lost World : The rediscovery of Doggerland, University of Birmingham, 2009 Jump up ^ Palarch : Spectacular discovery of first - ever Dutch Neanderthal Fossil skull fragment unveiled by Minister Plasterk in National Museum of Antiquities, 15 June 2009 Jump up ^ `` Stone Age could complicate N. Sea wind farm plans '', Reuters, 23 March 2010 ^ Jump up to : BBC News, `` Hidden Doggerland underworld uncovered in North Sea '', 3 July 2012. Accessed 4 July 2012 Jump up ^ App, Team. `` Lost Frontiers ( Lost Frontiers ) Home page - Lost Frontiers An Erc Research Project team / club based in University of Bradford, United Kingdom. Team App ''. Lost Frontiers. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 08. Jump up ^ Sarah Knapton ( 1 September 2015 ). `` British Atlantis : archaeologists begin exploring lost world of Doggerland ''. Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2 September 2015. Jump up ^ Heritage Action Further reading Coles, B.J. ( 1998 ). `` Doggerland : a Speculative Survey ''. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 64 : 45 -- 81. doi : 10.1017 / S0079497X00002176. Gaffney, V. ; Thomson, K. ; Fitch, S., eds. ( 2007 ). Mapping Doggerland : The Mesolithic Landscapes of the Southern North Sea. https://www.academia.edu/2480682/Mapping_Doggerland_the_Mesolithic_Landscapes_of_the_Southern_North_Sea : Archaeopress. Gaffney, Vincent ; Fitch, Simon ; Smith, David ( 2009 ). Europe 's Lost World : The Rediscovery of Doggerland. Council for British Archaeology. ISBN 1 - 902771 - 77 - X. Moffat, Alistair ( 2005 ). Before Scotland : The Story of Scotland Before History. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978 - 0 - 500 - 05133 - 7. Discussed in depth in chapters 2 -- 4. Morelle, Rebecca ( 4 April 2017 ). `` Evidence of ancient ' geological Brexit ' revealed ''. BBC News. Retrieved 5 April 2017. Spinney, Laura ( December 2012 ). Robert Clark ( photog. ) ; Alexander Maleev ( illus. ). `` The Lost World of Doggerland ''. National Geographic. 222 ( 6 ) : 132 -- 143. Retrieved 30 November 2012. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doggerland. `` Hunting for DNA in Doggerland, an Ancient Land Beneath the North Sea '', Elizabeth Preston, Wired, 27 November 2015 `` The moment Britain became an island '', Megan Lane, BBC News, 15 February 2011 `` North Sea Paleolandscapes '', Institute for Archaeology and Antiquity, University of Birmingham Britain 's ' Atlantis ' found `` North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework ( NSPRMF ) 2009 '', English Heritage, 2009 `` The Doggerland project '', Professor Bryony Coles, University of Exeter. Includes hypothesised map of Doggerland in the early Holocene. CGI images ( 2 stills and a movie ) of a Mesolithic camp beside the Shotton River `` Das rekonstruierte Doggerland '' ( `` Doggerland reconstructed '' ), computer generated images of a Doggerland landscape, 19 August 2008, Der Spiegel ( in German ) `` Hidden Doggerland underworld uncovered in North Sea '', BBC News, 3 July 2012 Europe 's Lost Frontiers 2013 European Heritage Prize awarded to M. Daniel Thérond and Professor Vincent Gaffney # Mapping Doggerland : the Mesolithic Landscapes of the southern North Sea Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doggerland&oldid=834382780 '' Categories : Mesolithic Europe Historical geology History of the North Sea Ice ages Continental shelves of Europe Geology of the North Sea Stone Age Europe Quaternary Europe Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from July 2013 Articles with German - language external links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Русский Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 18 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018, at 12 : 51. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. 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Question: when did the land bridge between britain and europe disappear
Answer: around 6,500–6,200 BC