Erythromycin - wikipedia Erythromycin `` Eryc '' redirects here. For the local authority of the East Riding of Yorkshire, see East Riding of Yorkshire Council. Erythromycin Clinical data Trade names Eryc, Erythrocin, others AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a682381 Pregnancy category AU : A US : B ( No risk in non-human studies ) Routes of administration By mouth, IV, IM, topical, eye drops Drug class Macrolide ATC code D10AF02 ( WHO ) J01FA01 ( WHO ) S01AA17 ( WHO ) QJ51FA01 ( WHO ) Legal status Legal status AU : S4 ( Prescription only ) UK : POM ( Prescription only ) US : ℞ - only Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability Depends on the ester type between 30 % - 65 % Protein binding 90 % Metabolism liver ( under 5 % excreted unchanged ) Elimination half - life 1.5 hours Excretion bile Identifiers IUPAC name ( 3R, 4S, 5S, 6R, 7R, 9R, 11R, 12R, 13S, 14R ) - 6 - ( ( ( 2S, 3R, 4S, 6R ) - 4 - ( dimethylamino ) - 3 - hydroxy - 6 - methyloxan - 2 - yl ) oxy ) - 14 - ethyl - 7, 12, 13 - trihydroxy - 4 - ( ( ( 2R, 4R, 5S, 6S ) - 5 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxy - 4, 6 - dimethyloxan - 2 - yl ) oxy ) - 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 - hexamethyl - 1 - oxacyclotetradecane - 2, 10 - dione CAS Number 114 - 07 - 8 PubChem CID 12560 IUPHAR / BPS 1456 DrugBank DB00199 ChemSpider 12041 UNII 63937KV33D KEGG D00140 ChEBI CHEBI : 42355 ChEMBL CHEMBL532 ECHA InfoCard 100.003. 673 Chemical and physical data Formula C H NO Molar mass 733.94 g mol 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image SMILES CC ( C @ @ H ) 1 ( C @ @ ) ( ( C @ @ H ) ( ( C@H ) ( C ( = O ) ( C @ @ H ) ( C ( C @ @ ) ( ( C @ @ H ) ( ( C@H ) ( ( C @ @ H ) ( ( C@H ) ( C ( = O ) O1 ) C ) O ( C@H ) 2C ( C @ @ ) ( ( C@H ) ( ( C @ @ H ) ( O2 ) C ) O ) ( C ) OC ) C ) O ( C@H ) 3 ( C @ @ H ) ( ( C@H ) ( C ( C@H ) ( O3 ) C ) N ( C ) C ) O ) ( C ) O ) C ) C ) O ) ( C ) O InChI InChI = 1S / C37H67NO13 / c1 - 14 - 25 - 37 ( 10, 45 ) 30 ( 41 ) 20 ( 4 ) 27 ( 39 ) 18 ( 2 ) 16 - 35 ( 8, 44 ) 32 ( 51 - 34 - 28 ( 40 ) 24 ( 38 ( 11 ) 12 ) 15 - 19 ( 3 ) 47 - 34 ) 21 ( 5 ) 29 ( 22 ( 6 ) 33 ( 43 ) 49 - 25 ) 50 - 26 - 17 - 36 ( 9, 46 - 13 ) 31 ( 42 ) 23 ( 7 ) 48 - 26 / h18 - 26, 28 - 32, 34, 40 - 42, 44 - 45H, 14 - 17H2, 1 - 13H3 / t18 -, 19 -, 20 +, 21 +, 22 -, 23 +, 24 +, 25 -, 26 +, 28 -, 29 +, 30 -, 31 +, 32 -, 34 +, 35 -, 36 -, 37 - / m1 / s1 Key : ULGZDMOVFRHVEP - RWJQBGPGSA - N ( verify ) Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. It may also be used during pregnancy to prevent Group B streptococcal infection in the newborn. Erythromycin may be used to improve delayed stomach emptying. It can be given intravenously and by mouth. An eye ointment is routinely recommended after delivery to prevent eye infections in the newborn. Common side effects include abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. More serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, liver problems, prolonged QT, and allergic reactions. It is generally safe in those who are allergic to penicillin. Erythromycin also appears to be safe to use during pregnancy. While generally regarded as safe during breastfeeding its use by the mother during the first two weeks of life may increase the risk of pyloric stenosis in the baby. This risk also applies if taken directly by the baby during this age. It is in the macrolide family and works by decreasing bacterial protein production. Erythromycin was first isolated in 1952 from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora erythraea. It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. The wholesale price in the developing world is between 0.03 and 0.06 USD per tablet. Contents 1 Medical uses 1.1 Available forms 2 Adverse effects 3 Interactions 4 Pharmacology 4.1 Mechanism of action 4.2 Pharmacokinetics 4.3 Metabolism 5 Chemistry 5.1 Composition 5.2 Synthesis 5.3 Erythromycin related compounds 6 History 7 Society and culture 7.1 Cost 7.2 Brand names 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Medical Uses Erythromycin can be used to treat bacteria responsible for causing infections of the skin and upper respiratory tract, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus and Corynebacterium genera. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria : Haemophilus influenzae : 0.015 to 256 μg / ml Staphylococcus aureus : 0.023 to 1024 μg / ml Streptococcus pyogenes : 0.004 to 256 μg / ml Corynebacterium minutissimum : 0.015 to 64 μg / ml Available forms Enteric - coated erythromycin capsule from Abbott Labs Erythromycin is available in enteric - coated tablets, slow - release capsules, oral suspensions, ophthalmic solutions, ointments, gels, enteric - coated capsules, non enteric - coated tablets, non enteric - coated capsules, and injections. The following erythromycin combinations are available for oral dosage : erythromycin base ( capsules, tablets ) erythromycin estolate ( capsules, oral suspension, tablets ), contraindicated during pregnancy erythromycin ethylsuccinate ( oral suspension, tablets ) erythromycin stearate ( oral suspension, tablets ) For injection the available combinations are : erythromycin gluceptate erythromycin lactobionate For ophthalmic use erythromycin base ( ointment ) Adverse effects Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting, are very common because erythromycin is a motilin agonist. Because of this, erythromycin tends not to be prescribed as a first - line drug. It may be useful in treating gastroparesis due to this promotility effect. Intravenous erythromycin may also be used in endoscopy as an adjunct to clear gastric contents. More serious side effects include arrhythmia with prolonged QT intervals including torsades de pointes, and reversible deafness. Allergic reactions range from urticaria to anaphylaxis. Cholestasis, Stevens -- Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis are some other rare side effects that may occur. Studies have shown evidence both for and against the association of pyloric stenosis and exposure to erythromycin prenatally and postnatally. Exposure to erythromycin ( especially long courses at antimicrobial doses, and also through breastfeeding ) has been linked to an increased probability of pyloric stenosis in young infants. Erythromycin used for feeding intolerance in young infants has not been associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Erythromycin estolate has been associated with reversible hepatotoxicity in pregnant women in the form of elevated serum glutamic - oxaloacetic transaminase and is not recommended during pregnancy. Some evidence suggests similar hepatotoxicity in other populations. It can also affect the central nervous system, causing psychotic reactions, nightmares and night sweats. It may also alter the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptive pills because of its effect on the gut flora. Erythromycin is an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, which means it can have a rapid effect on levels of other drugs metabolised by this system, e.g., warfarin. Interactions Erythromycin is metabolized by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system, in particular, by isozymes of the CYP3A superfamily, CYP3A. The activity of the CYP3A enzymes can be induced or inhibited by certain drugs ( e.g. dexamethasone ) which can cause it to affect the metabolism of many different drugs, e.g. erythromycin. If other CYP3A substrates -- drugs that are broken down by CYP3A -- such as simvastatin ( Zocor ), lovastatin ( Mevacor ), or atorvastatin ( Lipitor ) -- are taken concomitantly with erythromycin, levels of the substrates increase, often causing adverse effects. A noted drug interaction involves erythromycin and simvastatin, resulting in increased simvastatin levels and the potential for rhabdomyolysis. Another group of CYP3A4 substrates are drugs used for migraine such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine ; their adverse effects may be more pronounced if erythromycin is associated. Earlier case reports on sudden death prompted a study on a large cohort that confirmed a link between erythromycin, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden cardiac death in patients also taking drugs that prolong the metabolism of erythromycin ( like verapamil or diltiazem ) by interfering with CYP3A4. Hence, erythromycin should not be administered to people using these drugs, or drugs that also prolong the QT interval. Other examples include terfenadine ( Seldane, Seldane - D ), astemizole ( Hismanal ), cisapride ( Propulsid, withdrawn in many countries for prolonging the QT time ) and pimozide ( Orap ). Theophylline, which is used mostly in asthma, is also contraindicated. Erythromycin and doxycycline can have a synergistic effect when combined and kill bacteria ( E. coli ) with a higher potency than the sum of the two drugs together. This synergistic relationship is only temporary. After approximately 72 hours, the relationship shifts to become antagonistic, whereby a 50 / 50 combination of the two drugs kills less bacteria than if the two drugs were administered separately. Pharmacology Mechanism of action Erythromycin displays bacteriostatic activity or inhibits growth of bacteria, especially at higher concentrations, but the mechanism is not fully understood. By binding to the 50s subunit of the bacterial rRNA complex, protein synthesis and subsequent structure and function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited. Erythromycin interferes with aminoacyl translocation, preventing the transfer of the tRNA bound at the A site of the rRNA complex to the P site of the rRNA complex. Without this translocation, the A site remains occupied, thus the addition of an incoming tRNA and its attached amino acid to the nascent polypeptide chain is inhibited. This interferes with the production of functionally useful proteins, which is the basis of this antimicrobial action. Erythromycin increases gut motility by binding to Motillin, thus it is a Motillin receptor agonist in addition to its antimicrobial properties. Pharmacokinetics Erythromycin is easily inactivated by gastric acid ; therefore, all orally administered formulations are given as either enteric - coated or more - stable salts or esters, such as erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Erythromycin is very rapidly absorbed, and diffuses into most tissues and phagocytes. Due to the high concentration in phagocytes, erythromycin is actively transported to the site of infection, where, during active phagocytosis, large concentrations of erythromycin are released. Metabolism Most of erythromycin is metabolised by demethylation in the liver by the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. Its main elimination route is in the bile with little renal excretion, 2 % - 15 % unchanged drug. Erythromycin 's elimination half - life ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 hours and is between 5 and 6 hours in patients with end - stage renal disease. Erythromycin levels peak in the serum 4 hours after dosing ; ethylsuccinate peaks 0.5 - 2.5 hours after dosing, but can be delayed if digested with food. Erythromycin crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. The American Association of Pediatrics determined erythromycin is safe to take while breastfeeding. Absorption in pregnant patients has been shown to be variable, frequently resulting in levels lower than in nonpregnant patients. Chemistry Composition Standard - grade erythromycin is primarily composed of four related compounds known as erythromycins A, B, C, and D. Each of these compounds can be present in varying amounts and can differ by lot. Erythromycin A has been found to have the most antibacterial activity, followed by erythromycin B. Erythromycins C and D are about half as active as erythromycin A. Some of these related compounds have been purified and can be studied and researched individually. Synthesis Over the three decades after the discovery of erythromycin A and its activity as an antimicrobial, many attempts were made to synthesize it in the laboratory. The presence of 10 stereospecific carbons and several points of distinct substitution has made the total synthesis of erythromycin A a formidable task. Complete syntheses of erythromycins ' related structures and precursors such as 6 - deoxyerythronolide B have been accomplished, giving way to possible syntheses of different erythromycins and other macrolide antimicrobials. Woodward successfully completed the synthesis of erythromycin A. Erythromycin related compounds Azithromycin Carbomycin Cethromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Mitemcinal Oleandomycin Roxithromycin Spiramycin Telithromycin Tylosin History Erythromycin was discovered by Abelardo Aguilar when working for the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company as a researcher. In 1949 Abelardo B. Aguilar, a Filipino scientist, sent some soil samples to his employer Eli Lilly. Eli Lilly 's research team, led by J.M. McGuire, managed to isolate erythromycin from the metabolic products of a strain of Streptomyces erythreus ( designation changed to `` Saccharopolyspora erythraea '' ) found in the samples. Lilly filed for patent protection of the compound and U.S. patent 2,653,899 was granted in 1953. The product was launched commercially in 1952 under the brand name Ilosone ( after the Philippine region of Iloilo where it was originally collected ). Erythromycin was formerly also called Ilotycin. In 1981, Nobel laureate ( 1965 in chemistry ) and professor of chemistry at Harvard University Robert B. Woodward ( posthumously ), along with a large number of members from his research group, reported the first stereocontrolled asymmetric chemical synthesis of erythromycin A. The antibiotic clarithromycin was invented by scientists at the Japanese drug company Taisho Pharmaceutical in the 1970s as a result of their efforts to overcome the acid instability of erythromycin. Scientists at Chugai Pharmaceuticals discovered an erythromycin - derived motilin agonist called mitemcinal that is believed to have strong prokinetic properties ( similar to erythromycin ) but lacking antibiotic properties. Erythromycin is commonly used off - label for gastric motility indications such as gastroparesis. If mitemcinal can be shown to be an effective prokinetic agent, it would represent a significant advance in the gastrointestinal field, as treatment with this drug would not carry the risk of unintentional selection for antibiotic - resistant bacteria. Society and culture Cost It is available as a generic medication and was inexpensive for many years. The wholesale price was between 0.03 and 0.06 USD per pill. In the United States in 2014 the price increased to seven dollars per tablet. The price of Erythromycin rose three times between 2010 and 2015, from 24 cents per tablet in 2010 to $8.96 in 2015. In 2017, a Kaiser Health News study found that the per - unit cost of dozens of generics doubled or even tripled from 2015 to 2016, increasing spending by the Medicaid program. Due to price increases by drug manufacturers, Medicaid paid on average $2,685,330 more for Erythromycin in 2016 compared to 2015 ( not including rebates ). By 2018, generic drug prices had climbed another 5 % on average. Brand names Brand names include Robimycin, E-Mycin, E.E.S. Granules, E.E.S. - 200, E.E.S. - 400, E.E.S. - 400 Filmtab, Erymax, Ery - Tab, Eryc, Ranbaxy, Erypar, EryPed, Eryped 200, Eryped 400, Erythrocin Stearate Filmtab, Erythrocot, E-Base, Erythroped, Ilosone, MY - E, Pediamycin, Zineryt, Abboticin, Abboticin - ES, Erycin, PCE Dispertab, Stiemycine, Acnasol, and Tiloryth. See also Erythromycin / tretinoin, a combination of tretinoin and the antibiotic erythromycin References ^ Jump up to : `` Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database ''. Australian Government. August 23, 2015. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Erythromycin ''. The American Society of Health - System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015 - 09 - 06. Retrieved Aug 1, 2015. Jump up ^ Camilleri M, Parkman HP, Shafi MA, Abell TL, Gerson L ( Jan 2013 ). `` Clinical guideline : management of gastroparesis ''. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 108 ( 1 ) : 18 -- 37, quiz 38. doi : 10.1038 / ajg. 2012.373. PMC 3722580. PMID 23147521. Jump up ^ Matejcek A, Goldman RD ( Nov 2013 ). `` Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum ''. Canadian Family Physician. 59 ( 11 ) : 1187 -- 90. PMC 3828094. PMID 24235191. ^ Jump up to : Hamilton RJ ( 2013 ). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia ( 2013 delux lab - coat ed., 14th ed. ). ( Sudbury, Mass. ) : Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 72. ISBN 9781449673611. Jump up ^ Kong YL, Tey HL ( June 2013 ). `` Treatment of acne vulgaris during pregnancy and lactation ''. Drugs. 73 ( 8 ) : 779 -- 87. doi : 10.1007 / s40265 - 013 - 0060 - 0. PMID 23657872. Jump up ^ Maheshwai, Nitin ( March 2007 ). `` Are young infants treated with erythromycin at risk for developing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ? ''. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 92 ( 3 ) : 271 -- 3. doi : 10.1136 / adc. 2006.110007. PMC 2083424. PMID 17337692. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Jump up ^ Vedas JC ( 2000 ). Biosynthesis : polyketides and vitamins. Berlin ( u.a. ) : Springer. p. 52. ISBN 9783540669692. Jump up ^ `` WHO Model List of Essential Medicines ( 19th List ) '' ( PDF ). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Erythromycin ''. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 23 August 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Erythromycin Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ( MIC ) Data '' ( pdf ). TOKU - E. ^ Jump up to : `` Erythromycin Oral, Parenteral Advanced Patient Information ''. Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2009 - 11 - 30. Jump up ^ Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006 Archived 2010 - 02 - 11 at the Wayback Machine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR 2006 ; 55 Jump up ^ Weber FH, Richards RD, McCallum RW ( Apr 1993 ). `` Erythromycin : a motilin agonist and gastrointestinal prokinetic agent ''. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 88 ( 4 ) : 485 -- 90. PMID 8470625. Jump up ^ `` Pregnancy and lactation ''. Archived from the original on 2014 - 04 - 20. Jump up ^ `` unknown ''. Archived from the original on 2014 - 04 - 19. ^ Jump up to : Maheshwai N ( Mar 2007 ). `` Are young infants treated with erythromycin at risk for developing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ? ''. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 92 ( 3 ) : 271 -- 3. doi : 10.1136 / adc. 2006.110007. PMC 2083424. PMID 17337692. Jump up ^ Lund M, Pasternak B, Davidsen RB, Feenstra B, Krogh C, Diaz LJ, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M ( 2014 ). `` Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis : nationwide cohort study ''. BMJ. 348 : g1908. doi : 10.1136 / bmj. g1908. PMC 3949411. PMID 24618148. Jump up ^ McCormack WM, George H, Donner A, Kodgis LF, Alpert S, Lowe EW, Kass EH ( Nov 1977 ). `` Hepatotoxicity of erythromycin estolate during pregnancy ''. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 12 ( 5 ) : 630 -- 5. doi : 10.1128 / AAC. 12.5. 630. PMC 429989. PMID 21610. ^ Jump up to : `` Erythromycine ''. Belgisch Centrum voor Farmacotherapeutische Informatie. Archived from the original on 2015 - 10 - 06. Jump up ^ Hunt CM, Watkins PB, Saenger P, Stave GM, Barlascini N, Watlington CO, Wright JT, Guzelian PS ( 1992 ). `` Heterogeneity of CYP3A isoforms metabolizing erythromycin and cortisol ''. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 51 ( 1 ) : 18 -- 23. doi : 10.1038 / clpt. 1992.3. PMID 1732074. Jump up ^ Ray WA, Murray KT, Meredith S, Narasimhulu SS, Hall K, Stein CM ( Sep 2004 ). `` Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes ''. The New England Journal of Medicine. 351 ( 11 ) : 1089 -- 96. doi : 10.1056 / NEJMoa040582. PMID 15356306. Jump up ^ Pena - Miller R, Laehnemann D, Jansen G, Fuentes - Hernandez A, Rosenstiel P, Schulenburg H, Beardmore R ( April 23, 2013 ). `` When the most potent combination of antibiotics selects for the greatest bacterial load : the smile - frown transition ''. PLoS Biology. 11 ( 4 ) : e1001540. doi : 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 1001540. PMC 3635860. PMID 23630452. ^ Jump up to : Katzung PHARMACOLOGY, 9e Section VIII. Chemotherapeutic Drugs Chapter 44. Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, & Streptogramins ^ Jump up to : `` unknown ''. Archived from the original on 2014 - 04 - 19. Jump up ^ `` Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk '' ( PDF ). Pediatrics. 108 ( 3 ) : 776 -- 89. 2001. PMID 11533352. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2016 - 03 - 05. Jump up ^ Kibwage IO, Hoogmartens J, Roets E, Vanderhaeghe H, Verbist L, Dubost M, Pascal C, Petitjean P, Levol G ( Nov 1985 ). `` Antibacterial activities of erythromycins A, B, C, and D and some of their derivatives ''. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 28 ( 5 ) : 630 -- 3. doi : 10.1128 / aac. 28.5. 630. PMC 176346. PMID 4091529. Jump up ^ Pal S ( 2006 ). `` A journey across the sequential development of macrolides and ketolides related to erythromycin ''. Tetrahedron. 62 ( 14 ) : 3171 -- 3200. doi : 10.1016 / j. tet. 2005.11. 064. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Evans DA, Kim AS ( 1997 ). `` Synthesis of 6 - Deoxyerythronolide B. Implementation of a General Strategy for the Synthesis of Macrolide Antibiotics ''. Tetrahedron Lett. 38 : 53 -- 56. doi : 10.1016 / S0040 - 4039 ( 96 ) 02258 - 7. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Woodward RB, Logusch E, Nambiar KP, Sakan K, Ward DE, Au - Yeung, Balaram P, Browne LJ, Card PJ et al. ( 1981 ). `` Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin. 1. Synthesis of an Erythronolide A Seco Acid Derivative via Asymmetric Induction ''. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 ( 11 ) : 3210 -- 3213. doi : 10.1021 / ja00401a049. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Woodward RB, Logusch E, Nambiar KP, Sakan K, Ward DE, Au - Yeung, Balaram P, Browne LJ, Card PJ et al. ( 1981 ). `` Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin. 2. Synthesis of an Erythronolide A Lactone System ''. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 ( 11 ) : 3213 -- 3215. doi : 10.1021 / ja00401a050. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Woodward RB, Logusch E, Nambiar KP, Sakan K, Ward DE, Au - Yeung, Balaram P, Browne LJ, Card PJ et al. ( 1981 ). `` Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin. 3. Total Synthesis of Erythromycin ''. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 ( 11 ) : 3215 -- 3217. doi : 10.1021 / ja00401a051. CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Hibionada, F. Remembering the battle of Dr. Abelardo Aguilar : Cure for millions, deprived of millions. The News Today. Retrieved 22 September 2015 Jump up ^ Stahl, Stephanie ( September 26, 2014 ) Health : Generic Drugs Prices Increasing Archived 2016 - 04 - 09 at the Wayback Machine. CBS Philadelphia. Retrieved March 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Some Generic Drugs See Huge Price Increases ''. www.medscape.com. Retrieved 29 June 2018. Jump up ^ `` Climbing cost of decades - old drugs threatens to break Medicaid bank ''. Philly.com. Retrieved 29 June 2018. Jump up ^ `` Are Drugs Really Getting More Expensive ? Yes ''. The GoodRx Prescription Savings Blog. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018. External links Erythromycin bound to proteins in the PDB U.S. Patent 2,653,899 E.E.S. ( Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate ) Drug Information : Uses, Side Effects, Drug Interactions and Warnings at RxList Acne - treating agents ( D10 ) Antibacterial Azelaic acid Benzoyl peroxide 8 - Hydroxyquinoline Blue light therapy Tea tree oil Keratolytic Glycolic acid Salicylic acid Sulfur Benzoyl peroxide Anti-inflammatory Nicotinamide Ibuprofen Aspirin Red light therapy Antibiotics Clindamycin Dapsone Erythromycin Sulfacetamide Tetracyclines ( Lymecycline Minocycline Doxycycline ) Hormonal Antiandrogens Bicalutamide Cyproterone acetate Drospirenone Flutamide Spironolactone ) Estrogens Estradiol Ethinylestradiol Retinoids Adapalene Isotretinoin Motretinide Tazarotene Tretinoin Other Benzamycin Epristeride Mesulfen Pelretin Stridex Tioxolone Combinations Adapalene / benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide / clindamycin Clindamycin / tretinoin Erythromycin / isotretinoin Sulfacetamide / sulfur WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Antibacterials : protein synthesis inhibitors ( J01A, J01B, J01F, J01G, QJ01XQ ) 30S Aminoglycosides ( initiation inhibitors ) - mycin ( Streptomyces ) Streptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin Neomycin Framycetin Paromomycin Ribostamycin Kanamycin Amikacin Arbekacin Bekanamycin Dibekacin Tobramycin Spectinomycin Hygromycin B Apramycin Puromycin Nourseothricin - micin ( Micromonospora ) Gentamicin Netilmicin Sisomicin Plazomicin Isepamicin Verdamicin Astromicin Tetracycline antibiotics ( tRNA binding ) Tetracyclines Doxycycline Chlortetracycline Clomocycline Demeclocycline Lymecycline Meclocycline Metacycline Minocycline Omadacycline Oxytetracycline Penimepicycline Rolitetracycline Sarecycline Tetracycline Glycylcyclines Tigecycline Fluorocyclines Eravacycline 50S Oxazolidinone ( initiation inhibitors ) Eperezolid Linezolid Posizolid Radezolid Ranbezolid Sutezolid Tedizolid Peptidyl transferase Amphenicols Chloramphenicol Azidamfenicol Thiamphenicol Florfenicol Pleuromutilins Retapamulin Tiamulin Valnemulin MLS ( transpeptidation / translocation ) Macrolides Azithromycin Boromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Flurithromycin Josamycin Midecamycin Miocamycin Oleandomycin Rokitamycin Roxithromycin Spiramycin Troleandomycin Tylosin Ketolides Telithromycin Cethromycin Solithromycin Lincosamides Clindamycin Lincomycin Pirlimycin Streptogramins Pristinamycin Quinupristin / dalfopristin Virginiamycin EF - G Steroid antibacterials Fusidic acid WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Xenobiotic - sensing receptor modulators CAR Agonists : 6, 7 - Dimethylesculetin Amiodarone Artemisinin Benfuracarb Carbamazepine Carvedilol Chlorpromazine Chrysin CITCO Clotrimazole Cyclophosphamide Cypermethrin DHEA ( prasterone ) Efavirenz Ellagic acid Griseofulvin Methoxychlor Mifepristone Nefazodone Nevirapine Nicardipine Octicizer Permethrin Phenobarbital Phenytoin Pregnanedione ( 5β - dihydroprogesterone ) Reserpine TCPOBOP Telmisartan Tolnaftate Troglitazone Valproic acid Antagonists : 3, 17β - Estradiol 3α - Androstanol 3α - Androstenol 3β - Androstanol 17 - Androstanol AITC Ethinylestradiol Meclizine Nigramide J Okadaic acid PK - 11195 S - 07662 T - 0901317 PXR Agonists : 17α - Hydroxypregnenolone 17α - Hydroxyprogesterone Δ - Androstenedione Δ - Androstenediol Δ - Androstenedione AA - 861 Allopregnanediol Allopregnanedione ( 5α - dihydroprogesterone ) Allopregnanolone ( brexanolone ) Alpha - Lipoic acid Ambrisentan AMI - 193 Amlodipine besylate Antimycotics Artemisinin Aurothioglucose Bile acids Bithionol Bosentan Bumecaine Cafestol Cephaloridine Cephradine Chlorpromazine Ciglitazone Clindamycin Clofenvinfos Chloroxine Clotrimazole Colforsin Corticosterone Cyclophosphamide Cyproterone acetate Demecolcine Dexamethasone DHEA ( prasterone ) DHEA - S ( prasterone sulfate ) Dibunate sodium Diclazuril Dicloxacillin Dimercaprol Dinaline Docetaxel Docusate calcium Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Dronabinol Droxidopa Eburnamonine Ecopipam Enzacamene Epothilone B Erythromycin Famprofazone Febantel Felodipine Fenbendazole Fentanyl Flucloxacillin Fluorometholone Griseofulvin Guggulsterone Haloprogin Hetacillin potassium Hyperforin Hypericum perforatum ( St John 's wort ) Indinavir sulfate Lasalocid sodium Levothyroxine Linolenic acid LOE - 908 Loratadine Lovastatin Meclizine Metacycline Methylprednisolone Metyrapone Mevastatin Mifepristone Nafcillin Nicardipine Nicotine Nifedipine Nilvadipine Nisoldipine Norelgestromin Omeprazole Orlistat Oxatomide Paclitaxel Phenobarbital Piperine Plicamycin Prednisolone Pregnanediol Pregnanedione ( 5β - dihydroprogesterone ) Pregnanolone Pregnenolone Pregnenolone 16α - carbonitrile Proadifen Progesterone Quingestrone Reserpine Reverse triiodothyronine Rifampicin Rifaximin Rimexolone Riodipine Ritonavir Simvastatin Sirolimus Spironolactone Spiroxatrine SR - 12813 Suberoylanilide Sulfisoxazole Suramin Tacrolimus Tenylidone Terconazole Testosterone isocaproate Tetracycline Thiamylal sodium Thiothixene Thonzonium bromide Tianeptine Troglitazone Troleandomycin Tropanyl 3, 5 - dimethulbenzoate Zafirlukast Zeranol Antagonists : Ketoconazole Sesamin See also Receptor / signaling modulators Nuclear receptor modulators Pharmacy and pharmacology portal Medicine portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erythromycin&oldid=858000053 '' Categories : Alcohols Amines Ethers Hepatotoxins Ketones Eli Lilly and Company Macrolide antibiotics World Health Organization essential medicines Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Template : drugs.com link with non-standard subpage ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Chemical articles having Jmol set Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014 RTT Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Català Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Español Euskara فارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kreyòl ayisyen Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan ଓଡ଼ିଆ Polski Português Română Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Walon 粵語 中文 30 more Edit links This page was last edited on 4 September 2018, at 12 : 16 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who was the filipino doctor who discovered the antibiotic erythromycin
Answer: Abelardo Aguilar