Aloe vera - wikipedia Aloe vera Aloe vera Aloe vera plant with flower detail inset Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Clade : Angiosperms Clade : Monocots Order : Asparagales Family : Asphodelaceae Subfamily : Asphodeloideae Genus : Aloe Species : A. vera Binomial name Aloe vera ( L. ) Burm. f. Synonyms Aloe barbadensis Mill. Aloe barbadensis var. chinensis Haw. Aloe chinensis ( Haw. ) Baker Aloe elongata Murray Aloe flava Pers. Aloe indica Royle Aloe lanzae Tod. Aloe maculata Forssk. ( illegitimate ) Aloe perfoliata var. vera L. Aloe rubescens DC. Aloe variegata Forssk. ( illegitimate ) Aloe vera Mill. ( illegitimate ) Aloe vera var. chinensis ( Haw. ) A. Berger Aloe vera var. lanzae Baker Aloe vera var. littoralis J. Koenig ex Baker Aloe vulgaris Lam. Aloe vera - Muséum de Toulouse ( MHNT ) Aloe vera ( / ˈæloʊiː / or / ˈæloʊ / ) is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant. It is found in many consumer products including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns. There is little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes. Studies finding positive evidence are frequently contradicted by other studies. Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy and etymology 3 Distribution 4 Cultivation 5 Uses 5.1 Research 5.2 Dietary supplement 5.3 Traditional medicine 5.4 Commodities 6 Toxicity 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Description Aloe vera is a stemless or very short - stemmed plant growing to 60 -- 100 cm ( 24 -- 39 in ) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey - green, with some varieties showing white flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm ( 35 in ) tall, each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2 -- 3 cm ( 0.8 -- 1.2 in ) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil. Aloe vera leaves contain phytochemicals under study for possible bioactivity, such as acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinone C - glycosides, anthrones, other anthraquinones, such as emodin and various lectins. Aloe vera buds Taxonomy and etymology Spotted forms of Aloe vera are sometimes known as Aloe vera var. chinensis The species has a number of synonyms : A. barbadensis Mill., Aloe indica Royle, Aloe perfoliata L. var. vera and A. vulgaris Lam. Common names include Chinese Aloe, Indian Aloe, True Aloe, Barbados Aloe, Burn Aloe, First Aid Plant. The species epithet vera means `` true '' or `` genuine ''. Some literature identifies the white - spotted form of Aloe vera as Aloe vera var. chinensis ; however, the species varies widely with regard to leaf spots and it has been suggested that the spotted form of Aloe vera may be conspecific with A. massawana. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Aloe perfoliata var. vera, and was described again in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman as Aloe vera in Flora Indica on 6 April and by Philip Miller as Aloe barbadensis some ten days after Burman in the Gardener 's Dictionary. Techniques based on DNA comparison suggest Aloe vera is relatively closely related to Aloe perryi, a species endemic to Yemen. Similar techniques, using chloroplast DNA sequence comparison and ISSR profiling have also suggested it is closely related to Aloe forbesii, Aloe inermis, Aloe scobinifolia, Aloe sinkatana, and Aloe striata. With the exception of the South African species A. striata, these Aloe species are native to Socotra ( Yemen ), Somalia, and Sudan. The lack of obvious natural populations of the species has led some authors to suggest Aloe vera may be of hybrid origin. Distribution A. vera is considered to be native only to the south - west Arabian Peninsula. However, it has been widely cultivated around the world, and has become naturalised in North Africa ( Morocco, Mauritania, Egypt ), as well as Sudan and neighbouring countries, along with the Canary, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands. The species was introduced to China and various parts of southern Europe in the 17th century. It is widely naturalized elsewhere, occurring in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, South America, Mexico, the Caribbean and southeastern US states. The current distribution has been suggested to be the result of human cultivation ( anthropogenic ). Cultivation Aloe vera can be grown as an ornamental plant. Aloe vera has been widely grown as an ornamental plant. The species is popular with modern gardeners as a putatively medicinal plant and for its interesting flowers, form, and succulence. This succulence enables the species to survive in areas of low natural rainfall, making it ideal for rockeries and other low water - use gardens. The species is hardy in zones 8 -- 11, and is intolerant of heavy frost and snow. The species is relatively resistant to most insect pests, though spider mites, mealy bugs, scale insects, and aphid species may cause a decline in plant health. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit. In pots, the species requires well - drained, sandy potting soil and bright, sunny conditions. Aloe plants can burn under too much sun or shrivel when the pot does not drain water. The use of a good - quality commercial propagation mix or packaged `` cacti and succulent mix '' is recommended, as they allow good drainage. Terra cotta pots are preferable as they are porous. Potted plants should be allowed to completely dry before rewatering. When potted, aloes can become crowded with `` pups '' growing from the sides of the `` mother plant ''. Plants that have become crowded should be divided and repotted to allow room for further growth and help prevent pest infestations. During winter, Aloe vera may become dormant, during which little moisture is required. In areas that receive frost or snow, the species is best kept indoors or in heated glasshouses. There is large - scale agricultural production of Aloe vera in Australia, Bangladesh, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa, along with the USA to supply the cosmetics industry. Aloe vera gel being used to make a dessert Uses Research There is little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes. A research study finding positive evidence is frequently contradicted by other studies. Despite this, the cosmetic and alternative medicine industries regularly make claims regarding the soothing, moisturizing, and healing properties of aloe vera. Two 2009 reviews of clinical studies determined that all were too small and faulty to allow strong conclusions to be drawn. One of the reviews found that Aloe has not been proven to offer protection for humans from sunburn. There is no good evidence aloe vera is of use in treating wounds or burns. There is no good evidence that topical application of aloe vera is effective for treating genital herpes or psoriasis. A 2014 Cochrane review found no strong evidence for the value of topical application of aloe vera to treat or prevent phlebitis caused by intravenous infusion. Aloe Vera flower Aloe vera gel is used commercially as an ingredient in yogurts, beverages, and some desserts, although at certain doses, its toxic properties could be severe whether ingested or topically applied. The same is true for aloe latex, which was taken orally for conditions ranging from glaucoma to multiple sclerosis until the FDA required manufacturers to discontinue its use. Dietary supplement Aloin, a compound found in the exudate of some Aloe species, was the common ingredient in over-the - counter ( OTC ) laxative products in the United States until 2002 when the Food and Drug Administration banned it because the companies manufacturing it failed to provide the necessary safety data. Aloe vera has potential toxicity, with side effects occurring at some dose levels both when ingested or applied topically. Although toxicity may be less when aloin is removed by processing, Aloe vera that contains aloin in excess amounts may induce side effects. Aloe vera juice is marketed to support the health of the digestive system, but there is neither scientific evidence nor regulatory approval to support this claim. The extracts and quantities typically used for such purposes appear to be dose - dependent for toxic effects. Traditional medicine Gelaloevera, a type of Aloe vera juice Aloe vera is used in traditional medicine as a skin treatment. In Ayurvedic medicine it is called kathalai, as are extracts from agave. Early records of Aloe vera use appear in the Ebers Papyrus from the 16th century BC, and in Dioscorides ' De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder 's Natural History -- both written in the mid-first century AD. It is also written of in the Juliana Anicia Codex of 512 AD. The plant is used widely in the traditional herbal medicine of many countries. Commodities Es Lidah Buaya, an Indonesian Aloe vera iced drink Aloe vera is used on facial tissues where it is promoted as a moisturiser and anti-irritant to reduce chafing of the nose. Cosmetic companies commonly add sap or other derivatives from Aloe vera to products such as makeup, tissues, moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, or shampoos. A review of academic literature notes that its inclusion in many hygiene products is due to its `` moisturizing emollient effect ''. Other potential uses for extracts of Aloe vera include the dilution of semen for the artificial fertilization of sheep, as a fresh food preservative, or for water conservation in small farms. It has also been suggested that biofuels could be obtained from Aloe vera seeds. Toxicity Under the guidelines of California Proposition 65, orally ingested non-decolorized aloe vera leaf extract has been listed by the OEHHA, along with goldenseal, among `` chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity ''. Use of topical aloe vera is not associated with significant side effects. Oral ingestion of aloe vera, however, may cause abdominal cramps and diarrhea which in turn can decrease the absorption of drugs. IARC studies have found ingested non-decolorized liquid aloe vera to be carcinogenic in animals, and state that it is a possible carcinogen in humans as well. See also Herbal medicine Medicinal plants Succulent plants References Jump up ^ Aloe vera ( L. ) Burm. f. Tropicos.org Jump up ^ Aloe vera ( L. ) Burm. f. is an accepted name. theplantlist.org Jump up ^ Perkins, Cyndi. `` Is Aloe a Tropical Plant ? ''. SFgate.com. 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( Subscription required ( help ) ). ^ Jump up to : Reynolds, Tom ( Ed. ) ( 2004 ) Aloes : The genus Aloe ( Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. CRC Press. ISBN 978 - 0415306720 Jump up ^ Armstrong, Liza. `` Clean and green ''. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2008. Jump up ^ `` Yagua unveils cosmeceutical beverage ''. Decision News Media. Retrieved 20 June 2008. ^ Jump up to : Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel ( 2007 ). `` Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract '' ( PDF ). Int. J. Toxicol. 26 ( Suppl 2 ) : 1 -- 50. doi : 10.1080 / 10915810701351186. PMID 17613130. Jump up ^ `` Aloe ''. WebMD. ^ Jump up to : `` Aloe Vera : Science and Safety NCCIH ''. Nccih.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 January 2014. Jump up ^ Food Drug Administration, HHS ( 2002 ). `` Status of certain additional over-the - counter drug category II and III active ingredients. Final rule ''. Fed Regist. 67 ( 90 ) : 31125 -- 7. PMID 12001972. Jump up ^ Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S ( 2007 ). `` Oral aloe vera - induced hepatitis ''. Ann Pharmacother. 41 ( 10 ) : 1740 -- 3. doi : 10.1345 / aph. 1K132. PMID 17726067. Jump up ^ `` Aloe ( Aloe vera ) ''. MayoClinic.com. 1 September 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012. Jump up ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto ( 2012 ) CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants : Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology ( 5 Volume Set ) CRC Press. ISBN 978 - 1420080445 Jump up ^ Rodriguez F, Baldassarre H, Simonetti J, Aste F, Ruttle JL ( 1988 ). `` Cervical versus intrauterine insemination of ewes using fresh or frozen semen diluted with aloe vera gel ''. Theriogenology. 30 ( 5 ) : 843 -- 54. doi : 10.1016 / S0093 - 691X ( 88 ) 80046 - 3. PMID 16726526. Jump up ^ Serrano M, Valverde JM, Guillén F, Castillo S, Martínez - Romero D, Valero D ( 2006 ). `` Use of Aloe vera gel coating preserves the functional properties of table grapes ''. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 ( 11 ) : 3882 -- 6. doi : 10.1021 / jf060168p. PMID 16719510. Jump up ^ `` Water conservation ''. Chennai, India : The Hindu. 10 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2008. Jump up ^ Shukla, S. `` Aloe Vera has biodiesel potential, reveals MSU study ''. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2008. Jump up ^ Proposition 65. Chemicals Listed Effective December 4, 2015 as Known to the State of California to Cause Cancer : Aloe Vera, Non-Decolorized Whole Leaf Extract and Goldenseal Root Powder. U.S. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment ( 4 December 2015 ) Jump up ^ `` Aloe Vera NCCIH ''. NCCIH. Retrieved 1 March 2016. Jump up ^ Preamble in IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France ( 2006 ) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aloe vera. Medicinal herbs and fungi Herbs Alfalfa Aloe vera Anise Asthma - plant Astragalus Cannabis medical use Caraway Cardamom Chamomile Chaparral Fenugreek Feverfew Flaxseed Ginger Ginkgo Ginseng Goldenseal Lemon balm Liquorice Marigold Marsh - mallow Neem Opium poppy Oregano Peppermint Purple coneflower Rosemary Sage Star anise Summer savory Tea tree oil Thyme Turmeric Umckaloabo Valerian Verbena White willow Yarrow Za'atar Fungi Almond mushroom Chaga mushroom Lingzhi mushroom Maitake Meshima Morel mushroom Shiitake Regional practices Chinese herbology Indian herbology Islamic herbology Japanese herbology Korean herbology Related subjects Alternative medicine Doctrine of signatures Herb garden Herbal Herbal tea Herbalism Homeopathy Medicinal plants List of plants used in herbalism Taxon identifiers Wd : Q80079 APDB : 155971 ARKive : aloe - vera BioLib : 62378 EoL : 1085598 EPPO : ALFVE FloraBase : 36276 FNA : 200027555 FoC : 200027555 GBIF : 2777724 GRIN : 311403 iNaturalist : 126882 IPNI : 530017 - 1 ITIS : 182653 NCBI : 34199 Plant List : kew - 298116 PLANTS : ALVE2 Tropicos : 18403421 WCSP : 298116 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aloe_vera&oldid=827946661 '' Categories : Aloe Drought - tolerant plants Flora of Macaronesia Flora of North Africa Flora of the Mediterranean Flora of the Middle East Garden plants of Africa Succulent plants Hidden categories : CS1 Chinese - language sources ( zh ) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2010 Pages containing links to subscription - only content Use dmy dates from January 2017 Articles with ' species ' microformats Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies অসমীয়া Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca বাংলা भोजपुरी Български Bosanski Català Cebuano Čeština Corsu Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Hornjoserbsce Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Қазақша Kreyòl ayisyen Лакку Latina Latviešu Luganda Magyar मैथिली Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk ଓଡ଼ିଆ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский संस्कृतम् Shqip සිංහල Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Lea faka - Tonga Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 Žemaitėška 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 February 2018, at 17 : 56. 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Question: where does the aloe vera plant come from
Answer: from the Arabian Peninsula