Special Forces ( United States Army ) - wikipedia Special Forces ( United States Army ) `` Green Berets '' redirects here. For other uses, see Green Berets ( disambiguation ). `` United States Special Forces '' redirects here. It is not to be confused with United States special operations forces. U.S. Army Special Forces 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) combat service identification badge Active 19 June 1952 -- present Country United States of America Branch United States Army Type Special operations force Role Primary missions : Unconventional warfare Foreign internal defense Special reconnaissance Direct action Counter-terrorism Other roles : Counter-proliferation Counter-insurgency Hostage rescue Information operations Humanitarian missions Counter-narcotics Security forces assistance Part of 1st Special Forces Command Headquarters Fort Bragg, North Carolina Nickname ( s ) Green Berets, Quiet Professionals, Soldier - Diplomats, Snake Eaters, Bearded Bastards Motto ( s ) De Oppresso Liber Color of Beret Rifle - green Engagements World War II Korean War Cold War Laotian Civil War Dominican Civil War Vietnam War Salvadoran Civil War Operation Urgent Fury Operation Just Cause Gulf War Somali Civil War Operation Restore Hope Operation Uphold Democracy Bosnian War Kosovo War War On Terror Operation Enduring Freedom Iraq War War in North - West Pakistan Operation Inherent Resolve Operation Freedom 's Sentinel Lord 's Resistance Army insurgency Operation Atlantic Resolve Website www.army.mil/usasoc/ The United States Army Special Forces, colloquially known as the Green Berets due to their distinctive service headgear, are a special operations force tasked with five primary missions : unconventional warfare ( the original and most important mission of Special Forces ), foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, direct action, and counter-terrorism. The first two emphasize language, cultural, and training skills in working with foreign troops. Other duties include combat search and rescue ( CSAR ), counter-narcotics, counter-proliferation, hostage rescue, humanitarian assistance, humanitarian demining, information operations, peacekeeping, psychological operations, security assistance, and manhunts ; other components of the United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) or other U.S. government activities may also specialize in these secondary areas. Many of their operational techniques are classified, but some nonfiction works and doctrinal manuals are available. As special operations units, Special Forces are not necessarily under the command authority of the ground commanders in those countries. Instead, while in theater, SF units may report directly to a geographic combatant command, USSOCOM, or other command authorities. The Central Intelligence Agency 's ( CIA ) highly secretive Special Activities Division ( SAD ) and more specifically its Special Operations Group ( SOG ) recruits from the Army 's Special Forces. Joint CIA -- Army Special Forces operations go back to the MACV - SOG branch during the Vietnam War. The cooperation still exists today and is seen in the War in Afghanistan. Contents 1 Mission 2 History 3 Organizational structure 3.1 Special Forces groups 3.2 Battalion HQ Element -- SF Operational Detachment - C ( SFODC ) composition 3.3 Company HQ Element -- SF Operational Detachment - B ( SFODB ) composition 3.4 Basic Element -- SF Operational Detachment - A ( SFODA ) composition 4 Qualifications 5 Selection and training 6 Special Forces MOS descriptions 7 Uniforms and insignia 7.1 The Green Beret 7.2 Distinctive Unit Insignia 7.3 Shoulder Sleeve Insignia 7.4 The Tab 8 Use of the term `` Special Forces '' 9 In popular culture 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Mission U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers from the 3rd Special Forces Group patrol a field in the Gulistan district of Farah, Afghanistan The primary mission of the Army Special Forces is to train and lead unconventional warfare ( UW ) forces, or a clandestine guerrilla force in an occupied nation. The 10th Special Forces Group was the first deployed SF unit, intended to train and lead UW forces behind enemy lines in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion of Western Europe. As the U.S. became involved in Southeast Asia, it was realized that specialists trained to lead guerrillas could also help defend against hostile guerrillas, so SF acquired the additional mission of Foreign Internal Defense ( FID ), working with Host Nation ( HN ) forces in a spectrum of counter-guerrilla activities from indirect support to combat command. Special Forces personnel qualify both in advanced military skills and the regional languages and cultures of defined parts of the world. While they are best known for their unconventional warfare capabilities, they also undertake other missions that include direct action raids, peace operations, counter-proliferation, counter-drug advisory roles, and other strategic missions. As strategic resources, they report either to USSOCOM or to a regional Unified Combatant Command. To enhance their DA capability, specific Commanders In - Extremis Force ( CIF ) teams were created with a focus on the direct action side of special operations. SF team members work closely together and rely on one another under isolated circumstances for long periods of time, both during extended deployments and in garrison. Because of this, they develop clannish relationships and long - standing personal ties. SF non-commissioned officers ( NCO ) often spend their entire careers in Special Forces, rotating among assignments to detachments, higher staff billets, liaison positions, and instructor duties at the U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School ( USAJFKSWCS ). They are then required to move to staff positions or to higher command echelons. With the creation of USSOCOM, SF commanders have risen to the highest ranks of U.S. Army command, including command of USSOCOM, the Army 's Chief of Staff, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. History Main article : History of the United States Army Special Forces U.S. Army Special Forces, circa 1961 Play media ODA 525 team picture taken shortly before infiltration in Iraq, February 1991 Special Forces traces its roots as the Army 's premier proponent of unconventional warfare from purpose - formed special operations units like the Alamo Scouts, Philippine guerrillas, First Special Service Force, and the Operational Groups ( OGs ) of the Office of Strategic Services. Although the OSS was not an Army organization, many Army personnel were assigned to the OSS and later used their experiences to influence the forming of Special Forces. During the Korean War, individuals such as former Philippine guerrilla commanders Col. Wendell Fertig and Lt. Col. Russell W. Volckmann used their wartime experience to formulate the doctrine of unconventional warfare that became the cornerstone of the Special Forces. In 1951, Major General Robert A. McClure chose former OSS member Colonel Aaron Bank as Operations Branch Chief of the Special Operations Division of the Psychological Warfare Staff ( OCPW ) in the Pentagon. In June 1952, the 10th Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) was formed under Col. Aaron Bank, soon after the establishment of the Psychological Warfare School, which ultimately became today 's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. The 10th Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) was split, with the cadre that kept the designation 10th SFG deployed to Bad Tölz, Germany, in September 1953. The remaining cadre at Fort Bragg formed the 77th Special Forces Group, which in May 1960 was reorganized and designated as today 's 7th Special Forces Group. Since their establishment in 1952, Special Forces soldiers have operated in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Colombia, Panama, Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, 1st Gulf War, Afghanistan, Iraq, the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, Niger and, in an FID role, East Africa. Organizational structure 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) Special Forces Groups Soldiers from each of the Army 's seven Special Forces groups ( note seven different colors of beret patches ) at the gravesite of President John F. Kennedy in November 2011. Soldiers from the 7th Special Forces Group In 1957 the two original special forces groups ( 10th and 77th ) were joined by the 1st, stationed in the Far East. Additional groups were formed in 1961 and 1962 after President John F. Kennedy visited the Special Forces at Fort Bragg in 1961. Nine groups were organized for the reserve components in 1961. ( Tsouras, 1994, 91 ). Among them were the 16th and 17th Special Forces, Groups. However, 17th Special Forces Group, a National Guard formation with elements in Washington, was disestablished on 31 January 1966. In the early twenty - first century, Special Forces are divided into five active duty ( AD ) and two Army National Guard ( ARNG ) Special Forces groups. Each Special Forces Group ( SFG ) has a specific regional focus. The Special Forces soldiers assigned to these groups receive intensive language and cultural training for countries within their regional area of responsibility ( AOR ). Due to the increased need for Special Forces soldiers in the War on Terror, all Groups -- including those of the National Guard ( 19th and 20th SFGs ) -- have been deployed outside of their areas of operation ( AOs ), particularly to Iraq and Afghanistan. A recently released report showed Special Forces as perhaps the most deployed SOF under USSOCOM, with many soldiers, regardless of Group, serving up to 75 % of their careers overseas, almost all of which had been to Iraq and Afghanistan. Until recently an SF group has consisted of three battalions, but since the Department of Defense has authorized the 1st Special Forces Command to increase its authorized strength by one third, a fourth battalion was activated in each active component group by 2012. Current structure of the 1st SFG ( A ) Current structure of the 3rd SFG ( A ) Current structure of the 5th SFG ( A ) Current structure of the 7th SFG ( A ) Current structure of the 10th SFG ( A ) Current structure of the 20th NG SFG ( A ) A Special Forces group is historically assigned to a Unified Combatant Command or a theater of operations. The Special Forces Operational Detachment C or C - detachment ( SFODC ) is responsible for a theater or a major subcomponent, which can provide command and control of up to 18 SFODAs, three SFODB, or a mixture of the two. Subordinate to it is the Special Forces Operational Detachment Bs or B - detachments ( SFODB ), which can provide command and control for six SFODAs. Further subordinate, the SFODAs typically raise company - to battalion - sized units when on unconventional warfare missions. They can form 6 - man `` split A '' detachments that are often used for special reconnaissance. Insignia Group 1st Special Forces Group -- Headquartered at Joint Base Lewis -- McChord, Washington along with its 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed at Torii Station, Okinawa. The 1SFGA is oriented towards the Pacific region, and is often tasked by PACOM. Currently, 1SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed on a rotational basis to either Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Arabian Peninsula, to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Afghanistan, or to the Philippines as Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Philippines. 3rd Special Forces Group -- Headquartered at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The 3SFGA is theoretically oriented towards all of Sub-Saharan Africa with the exception of the Eastern Horn of Africa, i.e. AFRICOM. In practice, 3SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Afghanistan. 5th Special Forces Group -- Headquartered at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. The 5SFGA is oriented towards the Middle East, Persian Gulf, Central Asia and the Horn of Africa ( HOA ), and is frequently tasked by CENTCOM. Currently, 5SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Arabian Peninsula. 7th Special Forces Group -- Headquartered at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The 7SFG ( A ) is oriented towards the western hemisphere : South America, Central America, and the Caribbean ( i.e. the USSOUTHCOM AOR ). Although not aligned, the 7SFG ( A ) has also supported USNORTHCOM activities in its AOR. In practice, 7SFG ( A ) and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Afghanistan. In 2011, 7SFG ( A ) relocated from Fort Bragg, North Carolina to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida as part of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) round. 10th Special Forces Group -- Headquartered at Fort Carson, Colorado along with its 2nd, 3rd and newly added 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed in the Panzer Kaserne ( Panzer Barracks ) in Böblingen near Stuttgart, Germany. The 10SFGA is theoretically oriented towards Europe, mainly Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Northern Africa, i.e. EUCOM. In practice, 10SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force -- Arabian Peninsula. 19th Special Forces Group -- One of two National Guard Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in Draper, Utah, with companies in Washington, West Virginia, Ohio, Rhode Island, Colorado, California, and Texas, the 19SFGA is oriented towards Southwest Asia ( shared with 5SFGA ), Europe ( shared with 10SFGA ), as well as Southeast Asia ( shared with 1SFGA ). 20th Special Forces Group -- One of two National Guard Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, with battalions in Alabama ( 1st Battalion ), Mississippi ( 2nd Battalion ), and Florida ( 3rd Battalion ), with assigned Companies and Detachments in North Carolina ; Chicago ; Louisville, Kentucky ; Western Massachusetts ; and Baltimore. The 20SFGA has an area of responsibility ( AOR ) covering 32 countries, including Latin America south of Mexico, the waters, territories, and nations in the Caribbean sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Orientation towards the region is shared with 7SFGA. Inactive Groups 6th Special Forces Group -- Active from 1963 to 1971. Based at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. Assigned to Southwest Asia ( Iraq, Iran, etc. ) and Southeast Asia. Many of the 103 original Son tay raider volunteers were from 6SFGA. 8th Special Forces Group -- Active from 1963 to 1972. Responsible for training armies of Latin America in counter-insurgency tactics. 11th Special Forces Group -- Active from 1961 to 1994. 12th Special Forces Group -- Active from 1961 to 1994. Battalion hq element -- SF Operational Detachment - C ( SFODC ) composition The SFODC, or `` C - Team '', is the headquarters element of a Special Forces battalion. As such, it is a command and control unit with operations, training, signals and logistic support responsibilities to its three subordinate line companies. A lieutenant colonel commands the battalion as well as the C - Team, and the Battalion Command Sergeant Major is the senior NCO of the battalion and the C - Team. There is an additional 20 -- 30 SF personnel who fill key positions in operations, logistics, intelligence, communications and medical. A Special Forces battalion usually consists of four companies : `` A '', `` B '', `` C '', and Headquarters / Support. Company hq element -- SF Operational Detachment - B ( SFODB ) composition A Special Forces company commander meets with village elders and members of the 209th ANA Corps in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, 2007. The ODB, or `` B - Team '', is the headquarters element of a Special Forces company, and it is usually composed of 11 -- 13 soldiers. While the A-team typically conducts direct operations, the purpose of the B - Team is to support the company 's A-Teams both in garrison and in the field. When deployed, in line with their support role, B - Teams are usually found in more secure rear areas. However, under some circumstances a B - Team will deploy into a hostile area, usually to coordinate the activities of multiple A-Teams. The ODB is led by an 18A, usually a major, who is the company commander ( CO ). The CO is assisted by his company executive officer ( XO ), another 18A, usually a captain. The XO is himself assisted by a company technician, a 180A, generally a chief warrant officer three, who assists in the direction of the organization, training, intelligence, counter-intelligence, and operations for the company and its detachments. The company commander is assisted by the company sergeant major, an 18Z, usually a Sergeant Major. A second 18Z acts as the operations sergeant, usually a Master Sergeant, who assists the XO and technician in their operational duties. He has an 18F assistant operations sergeant, who is usually a Sergeant First Class. The company 's support comes from an 18D medical sergeant, usually a Sergeant First Class, and two 18E communications sergeants, usually a Sergeant First Class and a Staff Sergeant. The following jobs are outside of the Special Forces 18 - series career management field ( CMF ), but hold positions on a Special Forces B - Team. Soldiers in these positions are not `` Special Forces qualified '', as they have not completed the Special Forces Qualification Course ( SFQC or `` Q '' Course ) ; however, they do have the potential to be awarded the Special Qualification Identifier ( SQI ) `` S '' ( Special Operations / Special Operations Support ) once they complete the appropriate unit level training, 24 months with their Special Forces unit, and Basic Airborne School : The supply NCO, usually a Staff Sergeant, the commander 's principal logistical planner, works with the battalion S - 4 to supply the company. The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear ( CBRN defense ) NCO, usually a Sergeant, maintains and operates the company 's NBC detection and decontamination equipment, and assists in administering NBC defensive measures. Other jobs can also exist depending on the B - Team structure. Specialist team members can include I.T. ( S - 6 ) personnel, and Military Intelligence Soldiers, including Intelligence Analysts ( 35F ), Human Intelligence Collectors ( 35M ), Signals Intelligence ( 35 N / P - also known as SOT - A and SOT - B as related to their positions on SFODA and SFODB teams ), Intelligence Officers ( 35 D / E / F ), and Counterintelligence Special Agents ( 35L / 351L ). Basic element -- SF Operational Detachment - a ( SFODA ) composition A Special Forces company normally consists of six ODAs ( Operational Detachments - A ) or `` A-Teams ''. Each ODA specializes in an infiltration skill or a particular mission - set ( e.g. Military Freefall ( HALO ), combat diving, mountain warfare, maritime operations, etc. ). An ODA is identified by its group, battalion, company, and the team itself. For example, ODA 1234 would be the fourth team in the third company of the second battalion of 1st Special Forces Group. An ODA consists of 12 men, each of whom has a specific function ( MOS or Military Occupational Specialty ) on the team, however all members of an ODA conduct cross-training. The ODA is led by an 18A ( Detachment Commander ), a Captain, and a 180A ( Assistant Detachment Commander ) who is his second in command, usually a Warrant Officer One or Chief Warrant Officer Two. The team also includes the following enlisted men : one 18Z ( Operations Sergeant ) ( known as the `` Team Sergeant '' ), usually a Master Sergeant, one 18F ( Assistant Operations and Intelligence Sergeant ), usually a Sergeant First Class, and two each, 18Bs ( Weapons Sergeant ), 18Cs ( Engineer Sergeant ), 18Ds ( Medical Sergeant ), and 18Es ( Communications Sergeant ), usually Sergeants First Class, Staff Sergeants or Sergeants. This organization facilitates 6 - man `` split team '' operations, redundancy, and mentoring between a senior NCO and his junior assistant. Qualifications Two Army National Guardsmen from the 2nd Battalion, 19th Special Forces Group check their course with compasses during a training exercise in 2011 The basic eligibility requirements to be considered for entry into the Special Forces are : Be age 20 -- 36. Be a U.S. citizen. Be a high school graduate. Score a General Technical score of 110 or higher or a combat operation score of 110 on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Airborne qualified or volunteer for Airborne training Must pass the Physical Fitness Assessment with at least 49 push - ups, 59 sit - ups, 6 pull - ups, and run 2 miles in a minimum of 15 : 12. Meet medical fitness standards as outlined in SF Physical IAW AR 40 - 501 Must successfully complete the Pre-Basic Task list. Eligible for a secret security clearance Swim 50m wearing boots and ACUs prior to SFQC Must have 20 / 20 or corrected to 20 / 20 in both near and distant vision in both eyes. One year of college is preferred, but it is not mandatory for enlistment. Selection and training Main article : United States Army Special Forces selection and training This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2012 ) A Special Forces candidate conducts a pre-mission rehearsal with Army ROTC cadets role - playing guerrilla fighters during ROBIN SAGE. The Special Forces soldier trains on a regular basis over the course of his entire career. The initial formal training program for entry into Special Forces is divided into four phases collectively known as the Special Forces Qualification Course or, informally, the `` Q Course ''. The length of the Q Course changes depending on the applicant 's primary job field within Special Forces and his assigned foreign language capability, but will usually last between 55 and 95 weeks. After successfully completing the Special Forces Qualification Course, Special Forces soldiers are then eligible for many advanced skills courses. These include, but are not limited to, the Military Free Fall Parachutist Course ( MFF ), the Combat Diver Qualification Course, and the Special Forces Sniper Course ( SFSC ). Special Forces MOS descriptions 18A -- Special Forces Officer 180A -- Special Forces Warrant Officer 18B -- Special Forces Weapons Sergeant 18C -- Special Forces Engineer Sergeant 18D -- Special Forces Medical Sergeant 18E -- Special Forces Communications Sergeant 18F -- Special Forces Intelligence Sergeant 18X -- Special Forces Candidate ( Active Duty Enlistment Option ) 18Z -- Special Forces Operations Sergeant Uniforms and insignia The Green Beret Special Forces soldiers receive water safety instruction on a US Naval ship near Okinawa, Japan in 1956, wearing their green berets Special Forces soldiers participate in the graduation ceremony in Tegucigalpa, Honduras in 2014, wearing their green berets U.S. Army Special Forces adopted the green beret unofficially in 1954 after searching for a piece of headgear that would set them visually apart. Members of the 77th SFG began searching through their accumulated berets and settled on the Rifle Green color from Captain Miguel de la Peña 's collection. Captain Frank Dallas had the new beret designed and produced in small numbers for the members of the 10th & 77th Special Forces Groups. Their new headdress was first worn at a retirement parade at Fort Bragg on 12 June 1955 for Lieutenant General Joseph P. Cleland, the now - former commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps. Onlookers thought that the commandos were a foreign delegation from NATO. In 1956 General Paul D. Adams, the post commander at Fort Bragg, banned the wearing of the distinctive headdress, ( although members of the Special Forces continued to wear it surreptitiously ). This was reversed on 25 September 1961 by Department of the Army Message 578636, which designated the green beret as the exclusive headdress of the Army Special Forces. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy authorized them for use exclusively by the U.S. Special Forces. Preparing for a 12 October visit to the Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, the President sent word to the Center 's commander, Colonel William P. Yarborough, for all Special Forces soldiers to wear green berets as part of the event. The President felt that since they had a special mission, Special Forces should have something to set them apart from the rest. In 1962, he called the green beret `` a symbol of excellence, a badge of courage, a mark of distinction in the fight for freedom ''. Forrest Lindley, a writer for the newspaper Stars and Stripes who served with Special Forces in Vietnam said of Kennedy 's authorization : `` It was President Kennedy who was responsible for the rebuilding of the Special Forces and giving us back our Green Beret. People were sneaking around wearing ( them ) when conventional forces were n't in the area and it was sort of a cat and mouse game. Then Kennedy authorized the Green Beret as a mark of distinction, everybody had to scramble around to find berets that were really green. We were bringing them down from Canada. Some were handmade, with the dye coming out in the rain ''. Kennedy 's actions created a special bond with the Special Forces, with specific traditions carried out since his funeral, when a sergeant in charge of a detail of Special Forces soldiers guarding the grave placed his beret on the coffin. The moment was repeated at a commemoration of the 25th anniversary of JFK 's death -- General Michael D. Healy ( ret. ), the last commander of Special Forces in Vietnam and later a commander of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, spoke at Arlington Cemetery, after which a wreath in the form of a green beret was placed on Kennedy 's grave. Distinctive unit insignia Special Forces distinctive unit insignia On a wreath of the colors ( Argent and Sable ), two arrows saltire-wise Argent -- that is, two silver arrows crossed with a dagger, also silver, above them, surrounded by a black ribbon. The regimental crest is taken from the gold crossed arrow collar ( branch ) beret insignia of the First Special Service Force, an American - Canadian commando unit organized in 1942 for World War II. The crest was changed to silver to create visual harmony with the shield, as well as to make a difference from the collar insignia. A silver color metal and enamel device 1 ⁄ inches ( 2.9 cm ) in height consisting of a pair of silver arrows in saltire, points up and surmounted at their junction by a silver dagger with black handle point up ; all over and between a black motto scroll arcing to base and inscribed `` DE OPPRESSO LIBER '' in silver letters. The motto, De oppresso liber, is traditionally but incorrectly thought to mean `` To Free the Oppressed ''. A correct translation of the phrase de oppresso liber would be `` from ( being ) an oppressed man, ( to being ) a free one ''... This distinctive unit insignia was approved on 8 July 1960. The insignia of the 1st Special Forces was authorized to be worn by enlisted personnel of the U.S. Army Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) and its subordinate units since at least 1965. Shoulder sleeve insignia SSI of 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) and its Special Forces Groups The US Army 's 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) shoulder sleeve insignia ( SSI ) is worn by all those assigned to the command and its subordinate units that have not been authorized their own SSI, such as the Special Forces Groups. According to the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry, the shape and items depicted in the SSI have special meaning : `` The arrowhead alludes to the American Indian 's basic skills in which Special Forces personnel are trained to a high degree. The dagger represents the unconventional nature of Special Forces operations, and the three lightning flashes, their ability to strike rapidly by air, water or land. '' The SSI was originally approved on 22 August 1955 and was amended to add an Airborne Tab on 20 November 1958. The SSI was authorized to be worn by personnel of the U.S. Army Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) and its subordinate units not currently authorized an SSI of their own on 7 March 1991. This SSI was eventually reauthorized on 27 October 2016, to reflect the renaming of the command to 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ). The Tab Special Forces Qualification Tab Introduced in June 1983, the Special Forces Tab is a service school qualification tab awarded to soldiers who complete one of the Special Forces Qualification Courses. Unlike the Green Beret, soldiers who are awarded the Special Forces Tab are authorized to wear it for the remainder of their military careers, even when not serving with Special Operations units. The cloth tab is an olive drab arc tab 3 1 / 4 inches ( 8.26 cm ) in length and 11 / 16 inch ( 1.75 cm ) in height overall, the designation `` SPECIAL FORCES '' in black letters 5 / 16 inch (. 79 cm ) in height and is worn on the left sleeve of utility uniforms above a unit 's Shoulder Sleeve Insignia and below the President 's Hundred Tab ( if so awarded ). The metal Special Forces Tab replica comes in two sizes, full and dress miniature. The full size version measures 5 / 8 inch ( 1.59 cm ) in height and 1 9 / 16 inches ( 3.97 cm ) in width. The miniature version measures 1 / 4 inch (. 64 cm ) in height and 1 inch ( 2.54 cm ) in width. Both are teal blue with yellow border trim and letters and are worn above or below ribbons or medals on the Army Service Uniform. Award Eligibility : 1 ) Basic Eligibility Criteria. Any person meeting one of the criteria below may be awarded the Special Forces ( SF ) tab : 1.1 ) Successful completion of U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School ( USAJFKSWCS ) approved Active Army ( AA ) institutional training leading to SF qualification. 1.2 ) Successful completion of a USAJFKSWCS approved Reserve Component ( RC ) SF qualification program. 1.3 ) Successful completion of an authorized unit administered SF qualification program. 2 ) Active Component institutional training. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who meet the following : 2.1 ) For successful completion of the Special Forces Qualification Course or Special Forces Detachment Officer Qualification Course ( previously known as the Special Forces Officer Course ). These courses are / were conducted by the USAJFKSWC ( previously known as the U.S. Army Institute for Military Assistance ). 2.2 ) Prior to 1 January 1988, for successful completion of the then approved program of instruction for Special Forces qualification in a Special Forces Group, who were subsequently awarded, by competent authority, SQI `` S '' in Career Management Field 18 ( enlisted ), or SQI `` 3 '' in Functional Area 18 ( officer ). 3 ) Reserve Component ( RC ) SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully complete an RC SF qualification program according to TRADOC Regulation 135 - 5, dated 1 June 1988 or its predecessors and who were subsequently awarded, by competent authority, SQI `` S '' or `` 3 '' in MOS 11b, 11C, 12B, 05B, 91B, or ASI `` 5G '' or `` 3. '' The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement for an award of the SF Tab based on historical review of Army, Continental Army Command ( CONRAC ), and TRADOC regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began an RC SF qualification program. 4 ) Unit administered SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully completed unit administered SF qualification programs as authorized by regulation. The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement to an award of the SF Tab based upon a historical review of regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began a unit administered SF qualification program. 5 ) Former wartime service. The Special Forces Tab may be awarded retroactively to all personnel who performed the following wartime service : 5.1 ) 1942 through 1973. Served with a Special Forces unit during wartime and were either unable to or not required to attend a formal program of instruction but were awarded SQI `` S '', `` 3 '', `` 5G '' by the competent authority. 5.2 ) Prior to 1954. Service for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following organizations : 5.2. 1 ) 1st Special Service Force, August 1942 to December 1944. 5.2. 2 ) OSS Detachment 101, April 1942 to September 1945. 5.2. 3 ) OSS Jedburgh Detachments, May 1944 to May 1945. 5.2. 4 ) OSS Operational Groups, May 1944 to May 1945. 5.2. 5 ) OSS Maritime Unit, April 1942 to September 1945. 5.2. 6 ) 6th Army Special Reconnaissance Unit ( Alamo Scouts ), February 1944 to September 1945. 5.2. 7 ) 8240th Army Unit, June 1950 to July 1953. 5.2. 8 ) 1954 through 1975. Any company grade officer or enlisted member awarded the CIB or CMB while serving for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following type organizations : 5.2. 8a ) SF Operational Detachment - A ( A-Team ). 5.2. 8b ) Mobile Strike Force. 5.2. 8c ) SF Reconnaissance Team. 5.2. 8d ) SF Special Project Unit. Use of the term `` Special Forces '' In countries other than the U.S., the term `` special forces '' is often used generically to refer to any units with elite training and special mission sets. In the U.S. military, `` Special Forces '' is a proper ( capitalized ) noun referring exclusively to U.S. Army Special Forces ( a.k.a. `` The Green Berets '' ). The media and popular culture frequently misapply the term to Navy SEALs and other members of the U.S. Special Operations Forces. In popular culture Main article : United States Army Special Forces in popular culture Books, movies & video games 1965 : The Green Berets, a book by Robin Moore. 1965 : Outpost of Freedom, by Medal of Honor recipient Captain Roger H.C. Donlon ( as told to Warren Rogers ) 1965, McGraw - Hill 1966 : `` Ballad of the Green Berets '', a song performed by Vietnam veteran and Green Beret Barry Sadler. The song was written by Sadler and Robin Moore. 1968 : The Green Berets, a film based on Moore 's book, produced, directed, and starring John Wayne, who plays a key role in it as `` Colonel Kirby ''. Tales of the Green Beret, a comic strip and American comic book written by Robin Moore with artwork by Joe Kubert. 1975 : Parthian Shot, by former Green Beret Loyd Little. ISBN 978 - 0670540631, OCLC 1119712 ; winner of the 1976 Hemingway Foundation / PEN Award. 1982 : Rambo, the main character in a series of films, starting with First Blood, who is a former Green Beret and Vietnam vet. 1998 : Metal Gear Solid, an action - adventure stealth video game directed by Hideo Kojima, it stars Solid Snake as a fictional former Green Beret. 2008 : White Passage : Red Sun, by former Green Beret Matt Rowe. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4389 - 2771 - 8, 2008, Authorhouse. 2009 : Horse Soldiers : The Extraordinary Story of a Band of U.S. Soldiers Who Rode to Victory in Afghanistan, by Doug Stanton ; adapted into the 2018 film, 12 Strong. See also United States Army portal Special Operations portal 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment - Delta ( Delta Force ) Alamo Scouts Central Intelligence Agency 's Special Activities Division Defense Intelligence Agency Devil 's Brigade Green Light Teams Military Assistance Command, Vietnam -- Studies and Observations Group Roger Mobley Operation Jedburgh Phoenix Program United States Army Counterintelligence ( CI, or USAI ) References Jump up ^ Stanton, Doug ( 24 June 2009 ). `` The Quiet Professionals : The Untold Story of U.S. Special Forces in Afghanistan ''. Huffington Post. Jump up ^ `` Most Popular E-mail Newsletter ''. USA Today. 9 November 2011. Jump up ^ `` Inside the Green Berets ' Hunt for Wanted Warlord Joseph Kony ''. NBC News. 6 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Special Operations Troops From 15 Countries Conduct Allied Spirit VI ''. Department of Defence. 29 March 2017. Jump up ^ Joint Chiefs of Staff ( 17 December 2003 ). `` Joint Publication 3 - 05 : Doctrine for Joint Special Operations '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 27 April 2008. Jump up ^ Waller, Douglas C. ( 1994 ). `` The Commandos : The Inside Story of America 's Secret Soldiers ''. Dell Publishing. Jump up ^ `` FM 3 - 05 : Army Special Operations Forces '' ( PDF ). U.S. Department of the Army. September 2006. Jump up ^ `` FM 3 - 05.102 Army Special Forces Intelligence '' ( PDF ). July 2001. Jump up ^ Joint Chiefs of Staff ( 1993 ). `` Joint Publication 3 - 05.5 : Special Operations Targeting and Mission Planning Procedures '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 13 November 2007. Jump up ^, Waller, Douglas ( 3 February 2003 ). `` The CIA Secret Army ''. Time ( subscription required ) Jump up ^ SOG : The Secret Wars of America 's Commandos in Vietnam by John L. Plaster Jump up ^ Haney, Eric L. ( 2002 ). Inside Delta Force. New York : Delacorte Press Jump up ^ Efran, Shawn ( producer ), `` Army Officer Recalls Hunt For Bin Laden '', 60 Minutes, CBS News, 5 October 2008. Jump up ^ Maurer, Kevin ( 4 June 2013 ). Gentlemen Bastards : On the Ground In Afghanistan With America 's Elite Special Forces. New York : Berkely Trade. p. 15. Jump up ^ Scarborough, Rowan ( 23 January 2013 ). `` Africa 's Fast - Reaction Force Ready To Go From Colorado ''. Washington Times. Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 17. Jump up ^ General Hugh Shelton - Without Hesitation. Hughshelton.com. Retrieved on 2014 - 05 - 24. Jump up ^ `` U.S. Army Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) History ''. US ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013. Jump up ^ Department of the Army ( COL Russell W. Volckmann ), FM 31 - 21, Organization and Conduct of Guerrilla Warfare ( Washington, DC : GPO, October 1951 ) Jump up ^ Officer Efficiency Report, Bank, Aaron, 11 May 1952, Aaron Bank Service Record, National Military Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Missouri Jump up ^ `` U.S. Army Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) History ''. U.S. ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013. Jump up ^ `` United States Army Special Forces Command ''. Jump up ^ `` Structure ''. Fort Campbell. United States Army. Archived from the original on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007. Jump up ^ USASOC. ' Special Forces -- Shooters and thinkers '. WWW.ARMY.MIL The official homepage of the United States army ( 26 October 2009 ). Retrieved on 5 January 2010 Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha ( SFOD A ) ''. Jump up ^ `` Qualifications ''. goarmysof.com. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Officer ( 18A ) ''. goarmy.com. Jump up ^ U.S. Army Recruiting Command 's Warrant Officer Recruiting Information Site Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Weapons Sergeant ( 18B ) ''. goarmy.com. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Engineer Sergeant ( 18C ) ''. goarmy.com. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Medical Sergeant ( 18D ) ''. goarmy.com. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Communications Sergeant ( 18E ) ''. goarmy.com. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces Candidate Jobs ( 18X ) ''. goarmy.com. ^ Jump up to : `` History : Special Forces Green Beret ''. Special Forces Search Engine. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007. Jump up ^ Simpson III, Robert B. ; Rheault ( 1983 ). `` Inside the Green Berets : he First Thirty Years, a History of the U.S. Army Special Forces ''. Presidio Press : 31 -- 32. Jump up ^ Brown, Jerold E., ed. ( 2001 ). `` Green Beret ''. Historical Dictionary of the United States Army ( illustrated ed. ). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 220. ISBN 9780313293221. Jump up ^ Military staff. `` A Short History of the Use of Berets in the U.S. Army ''. Army Black Beret. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2013. ^ Jump up to : Gamarekian, Barbara ( 22 November 1988 ). `` Washington Talk : John F. Kennedy, 1917 -- 1963 ; Hundreds Are in Capital For 25th Remembrance ''. New York Times. p. 2. ^ Jump up to : U.S. ARMY SPECIAL FORCES GROUP ( AIRBORNE ), Shoulder Sleeve Insignia, US Army Institute of Heraldry, dated 27 October 2016, last accessed 3 March 2017 ^ Jump up to : Special Forces Tab, The Institute of heraldry, last accessed 24 June 2014 ^ Jump up to : U.S. Army Regulation 600 -- 8 -- 22 : Personnel - General : Military Awards Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Official Department of the Army Publications and Forms, dated 24 June 2013, last accessed 23 June 2014 ( page 117 - 118 ) Jump up ^ U.S. Army Pamphlet 670 - 1 : Uniform and Insignia, Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia Archived 6 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine., Official Department of the Army Publications and Forms, dated 31 March 2014, last accessed 23 June 2014 ( pages 6, 201, 244 -- 245, 252, 256, 258 -- 260 ) Jump up ^ `` Special Forces - Shooters and thinkers ''. Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Special Forces equals Green Berets. Got it ? ''. Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 10. Jump up ^ Moore, Robin ( 2002 ). The Green Berets. St. Martin 's Paperbacks. ISBN 978 - 0 - 312 - 98492 - 2. Jump up ^ `` PEN / Hemingway Award for Debut Fiction ''. PEN New England. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Army Special Forces Command ( Airborne ). U.S. Army Special Operations Command News Special Forces Command website Special Forces Recruiting at the Special Operations Recruiting Battalion website United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School Official website of the Special Forces Association United States Special Operations Command United States Army Special Forces Overview Special Forces Medic talks about coming home from Iraq and Afghanistan Fort Bragg FORSCOM United States Army Reserve Command First Army 189th Infantry Brigade XVIII Airborne Corps Other units 1st Sustainment Command ( Theater ) 16th Military Police Brigade 20th Engineer Brigade 44th Medical Brigade Womack Army Medical Center 406th Army Field Support Brigade 525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade 108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command 10th Press Camp Headquarters 82nd Airborne Division 1st Brigade Combat Team 1st Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 504th Infantry Regiment 3rd Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment 3rd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment 307th Brigade Support Battalion Special Troops Battalion 2nd Brigade Combat Team 1st Battalion, 325th Infantry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment 1st Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment 407th Forward Support Battalion Special Troops Battalion 3rd Brigade Combat Team 1st Battalion, 505th Infantry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry Regiment 5th Squadron, 73d Cavalry Regiment 1st Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment 82nd Brigade Support Battalion Special Troops Battalion 4th Brigade Combat Team ( Inactivated ) 2nd Battalion, 321st Airborne Field Artillery Regiment 782nd Brigade Support Battalion Special Troops Battalion 18th Field Artillery Brigade Headquarters & Headquarters Battery 1st Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment ( inactivated ) 3rd Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment 3rd Battalion, 27th Field Artillery Regiment 188th Brigade Support Battalion Battery D, 26th Field Artillery Regiment 206th Signal Company Combat Aviation Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company 1st Battalion, 82nd Aviation Regiment 2nd Battalion, 82nd Aviation Regiment, Company F 3rd Battalion, 82nd Aviation Regiment 1st Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment 122nd Aviation Support Battalion 82nd Division Special Troops Battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 82nd Airborne Division Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 82nd Division Special Troops Battalion Company A ( Signal ) 82nd Airborne Division Band 82nd Airborne Division Advanced Airborne School 82nd Sustainment Brigade Special Troops Battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Company 11th Quartermaster Company 21st Chemical Company 18th Human Resources Company 82nd Signal Company 82nd Financial Management Company 125th Mail Movement Team 264th Support Battalion ( Combat Sustainment ) Headquarters and Headquarters Company 259th Quartermaster Company 364th Quartermaster Company 600th Quartermaster Company 612th Quartermaster Company 659th Maintenance Company 192nd EOD Battalion 192nd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Battalion Special Operations Command 4th Military Information Support Group Headquarters and Headquarters Company 1st Military Information Support 3rd Military Information Support 5th Military Information Support 6th Military Information Support 8th Military Information Support 9th Military Information Support 95th Civil Affairs Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company 91st Civil Affairs Battalion 96th Civil Affairs Battalion 97th Civil Affairs Battalion 98th Civil Affairs Battalion Other units JFK Special Warfare Center Joint Communications Unit Joint Special Operations Command Delta Force 3rd Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) Other units United States Army Parachute Team United States Army Special Forces Active Groups 1st SFG 3d SFG 5th SFG 7th SFG 10th SFG 19th SFG 20th SFG Inactivated Groups 6th SFG 8th SFG 11th SFG 12th SFG 16th SFG United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) Portal : Military of the United States United States Army USASOC Units U.S. Army Special Forces Command U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School 75th Ranger Regiment 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment 4th Military Information Support Group 8th Military Information Support Group 95th Civil Affairs Brigade 528th Sustainment Brigade Types Special Forces Rangers Psychological Operations United States Marine Corps MARSOC Units Marine Raiders Marine Raider Support Group Marine Special Operations School Types United States Marine Corps Critical Skills Operator United States Navy NAVSPECWARCOM Units Naval Special Warfare Group 1 Naval Special Warfare Group 2 Naval Special Warfare Group 3 Naval Special Warfare Group 4 Naval Special Warfare Group 10 Naval Special Warfare Group 11 Naval Special Warfare Center Types Navy SEALs Special warfare combatant - craft crewmen United States Air Force AFSOC Units 1st Special Operations Wing 24th Special Operations Wing 27th Special Operations Wing 352d Special Operations Wing 353d Special Operations Group Types Pararescue Combat Control Team Special Operations Weather Technician Combat Rescue Officer Special Tactics Officer Special Mission Units JSOC DoD Joint Communications Unit Army 1st SFOD - Delta ( Delta Force ) Intelligence Support Activity Regimental Reconnaissance Company Navy Naval Special Warfare Development Group ( DEVGRU / SEAL Team Six ) Air Force 24th Special Tactics Squadron Theater Special Operations Commands SOCAFRICA SOCCENT SOCEUR SOCKOR SOCPAC SOCNORTH SOCSOUTH SOCJFCOM Source : SOCOM 2013 Fact Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)&oldid=846560082 '' Categories : 1952 establishments in the United States Military units and formations established in 1952 Airborne units and formations of the United States Army Counter-terrorist organizations Special forces units and formations in the United States Army United States Army Special Operations Command Hidden categories : Pages containing links to subscription - only content Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from May 2011 Articles containing Latin - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2011 Articles with hAudio microformats Articles needing additional references from February 2012 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Boarisch Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Italiano עברית Кыргызча Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Slovenščina Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 20 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 June 2018, at 14 : 20 ( UTC ). 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Question: what branch of the military do the green berets belong to
Answer: Army