Quit India movement - Wikipedia Quit India movement The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. ( June 2014 ) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( May 2017 ) Procession in Bangalore during the Quit India Movement Part of a series of articles on Indian people Motto : Jai Hind People Lists of people from India by state History Indian independence movement Quit India Movement Culture Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Dance Festivals Literature Music Sports Languages Hindi English ( Indian ) Other regional languages Religion Hinduism ( Temples ) Islam Christianity Sikhism Jainism ( Temples ) Buddhism in India Zoroastrianism Bahá'í Faith The Quit India Movement or the India August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All - India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India. The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. The All - India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called `` An Orderly British Withdrawal '' from India. Even though it was wartime, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the INC was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi 's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy 's Council ( which had a majority of Indians ), of the All India Muslim League, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis Powers. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed. The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war had ended. Sporadic small - scale violence took place around the country and the British arrested tens thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. In terms of immediate objectives Quit India failed because of heavy - handed suppression, weak co-ordination and the lack of a clear - cut programme of action. However, the British government realized that India was ungovernable in the long run due to the cost of World War II, and the question for postwar became how to exit gracefully and peacefully. In 1992 Reserve Bank of India issued an one Rupee commemorative coin to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Quit India Movement. Contents 1 World War II and Indian involvement 1.1 Cripps ' Mission 1.2 Factors contributing to the movement 's launch 2 Resolution for immediate independence 3 Opposition to the Quit India Movement 3.1 Muslim League 3.2 Hindu Mahasabha 3.3 Communist Party of India 3.4 Princely States 4 No support to the Quit India Movement 4.1 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 5 Local violence 6 Suppression of the movement 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Works cited 9 Further reading 10 External links World war II and Indian involvement In 1939, Indian nationalists were angry that British Governor - General of India, Lord Linlithgow, had without consultation with them brought India into the war. The Muslim League supported the war, but Congress was divided. Public lecture at Basavanagudi, Bengaluru with Charles Freer Andrews At the outbreak of war, the Congress Party had passed a resolution during the Wardha meeting of the working - committee in September 1939, conditionally supporting the fight against fascism, but were rebuffed when they asked for independence in return. Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war ( he was a committed believer in non-violent resistance, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo ). However, at the height of the Battle of Britain, Gandhi had stated his support for the fight against racism and of the British war effort, stating he did not seek to raise an independent India from the ashes of Britain. However, opinions remained divided. The long - term British policy of limiting investment in India and using the country as a market and source of revenue had left the Indian Army relatively weak and poorly armed and trained and forced the British to become net contributors to India 's budget, while taxes were sharply increased and the general level of prices of doubled : although many Indian businesses did benefit from increased war production, in general business `` felt rebuffed by the government '' and in particular the refusal of the British Raj to give Indians a greater role in organising and mobilising the economy for war time production After the onset of the war, only a group led by Subhas Chandra Bose took any decisive action. Bose organised the Indian Legion in Germany and reorganised the Indian National Army with Japanese assistance, and, soliciting help from the Axis Powers, conducted a guerrilla war against the British authorities. Cripps ' mission Stafford Cripps, on the March 1942, faced with an increasingly dissatisfied sub-continent only reluctantly participating in the war and deterioration in the war situation in Europe and with growing dissatisfaction among Indian troops -- especially in Africa -- and among the civilian population in the sub-continent, the British government sent a delegation to India under Stafford Cripps, the Leader of the House of Commons, in what came to be known as the Cripps mission. The purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total co-operation during the war, in return for progressive devolution and distribution of power from the crown and the Viceroy to an elected Indian legislature. The talks failed, as they did not address the key demand of a timetable of self - government and of definition of the powers to be relinquished, essentially making an offer of limited dominion - status that was wholly unacceptable to the Indian movement. Factors contributing to the movement 's launch This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2013 ) In 1939, with the outbreak of war between Germany and Britain, India was announced to be a party to the war for being a constituent component of the British Empire. Following this declaration, the Congress Working Committee at its meeting on 10 October 1939, passed a resolution condemning the aggressive activities of the Germans. At the same time the resolution also stated that India could not associate herself with war unless it was consulted first. Responding to this declaration, the Viceroy issued a statement on 17 October wherein he claimed that Britain is waging a war driven by the motif to strengthen peace in the world. He also stated that after the war, the government would initiate modifications in the Act of 1935, in accordance to the desires of the Indians. Gandhi 's reaction to this statement was ; `` the old policy of divide and rule is to continue. The Congress has asked for bread and it has got stone. '' According to the instructions issued by High Command, the Congress ministers were directed to resign immediately. Congress ministers from eight provinces resigned following the instructions. The resignation of the ministers was an occasion of great joy and rejoicing for leader of the Muslim League, Mohammad Ali Jinnah. He called the day of 22 December 1939 ' The Day of Deliverance '. Gandhi urged Jinnah against the celebration of this day, however, it was futile. At the Muslim League Lahore Session held in March 1940, Jinnah declared in his presidential address that the Muslims of the country wanted a separate homeland, Pakistan. In the meanwhile, crucial political events took place in England. Chamberlain was succeeded by Churchill as the Prime Minister and the Conservatives, who assumed power in England, did not have a sympathetic stance towards the claims made by the Congress. In order to pacify the Indians in the circumstance of worsening war situation, the Conservatives were forced to concede some of the demands made by the Indians. On 8 August, the Viceroy issued a statement that has come to be referred as the `` August Offer ''. However, the Congress rejected the offer followed by the Muslim League. In the context of widespread dissatisfaction that prevailed over the rejection of the demands made by the Congress, Gandhi at the meeting of the Congress Working Committee in Wardha revealed his plan to launch Individual Civil Disobedience. Once again, the weapon of satyagraha found popular acceptance as the best means to wage a crusade against the British. It was widely used as a mark of protest against the unwavering stance assumed by the British. Vinoba Bhave, a follower of Gandhi, was selected by him to initiate the movement. Anti war speeches ricocheted in all corners of the country, with the satyagrahis earnestly appealing to the people of the nation not to support the Government in its war endeavors. The consequence of this satyagrahi campaign was the arrest of almost fourteen thousand satyagrahis. On 3 December 1941, the Viceroy ordered the acquittal of all the satyagrahis. In Europe the war situation became more critical with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the Congress realised the necessity for appraising their program. Subsequently, the movement was withdrawn. The Cripps ' Mission and its failure also played an important role in Gandhi 's call for The Quit India Movement. In order to end the deadlock, the British government on 22 March 1942, sent Sir Stafford Cripps to talk terms with the Indian political parties and secure their support in Britain 's war efforts. A Draft Declaration of the British Government was presented, which included terms like establishment of Dominion, establishment of a Constituent Assembly and right of the Provinces to make separate constitutions. These would be, however, granted after the cessation of the Second World War. According to the Congress this Declaration only offered India a promise that was to be fulfilled in the future. Commenting on this Gandhi said ; `` It is a post dated cheque on a crashing bank. '' Other factors that contributed were the threat of Japanese invasion of India and realisation of the national leaders of the incapacity of the British to defend India. Resolution for immediate independence The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha ( 14 July 1942 ) passed a resolution demanding complete independence from the British government. The draft proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not accede to the demands. However, it proved to be controversial within the party. A prominent Congress national leader Chakravarti Rajgopalachari quit the Congress over this decision, and so did some local and regional level organisers. Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Azad were apprehensive and critical of the call, but backed it and stuck with Gandhi 's leadership until the end. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha openly and enthusiastically supported such a disobedience movement, as did many veteran Gandhians and socialists like Asoka Mehta and Jayaprakash Narayan. Allama Mashriqi ( head of the Khaksar Tehrik ) was called by Jawaharlal Nehru to join the Quit India Movement. Mashriqi was apprehensive of its outcome and did not agree with the Congress Working Committee 's resolution. On 28 July 1942, Allama Mashriqi sent the following telegram to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Mahatma Gandhi, C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad and Pattabhi Sitaramayya. He also sent a copy to Bulusu Sambamurti ( former Speaker of the Madras Assembly ). The telegram was published in the press, and it stated : I am in receipt of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 's letter of 8 July. My honest opinion is that Civil Disobedience Movement is a little pre-mature. The Congress should first concede openheartedly and with handshake to Muslim League the theoretical Pakistan, and thereafter all parties unitedly make demand of Quit India. If the British refuse, start total disobedience. The resolution said : The committee, therefore, resolves to sanction for the vindication of India 's inalienable right to freedom and independence, the starting of a mass struggle on non-violent lines on the widest possible scale, so that the country might utilise all the non-violent strength it has gathered during the last 22 years of peaceful struggle... they ( the people ) must remember that non-violence is the basis of the movement. Opposition to the Quit India movement Several political groups active during the Indian Independence Movement were opposed to the Quit India Movement. These included the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the Communist Party of India and the princely states as below : Muslim League The Muslim League opposed the Quit India Movement as it was of the view that if the British left India in its current state, Muslims as a minority would be oppressed by the Hindu majority. Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's opposition to Gandhi 's call led to large numbers of Muslims cooperating with the British, and enlisting in the army. The Muslim League gained large numbers of new members. Congress members heeding Gandhi 's call resigned from provincial legislatures, enabling the Muslim League, in alliance with the Hindu Mahasabha, to take control in Sindh, Bengal and Northwest Frontier. Hindu Mahasabha Hindu nationalist parties like the Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the Quit India Movement and boycotted it officially. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled `` Stick to your Posts '', in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be `` members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army... to stick to their posts '' across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost. Following the Hindu Mahasabha 's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement, Syama Prasad Mukherjee, leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal, ( which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by Krishak Praja Party of Fazlul Haq ), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if the Congress gave a call to the British rulers to Quit India. In this letter, dated July 26, 1942 he wrote : `` Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for the time being '' Mookerjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the Quit India Movement in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this : `` The question is how to combat this movement ( Quit India ) in Bengal ? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of the Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres it might be limited during the emergency. Indian have to trust the British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that the British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defense and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister. Even the Indian historian R.C. Majumdar noted this fact and states : `` Shyam Prasad ended the letter with a discussion of the mass movement organised by the Congress. He expressed the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war by exciting popular feeling and he opined that any government in power has to suppress it, but that according to him could not be done only by persecution... In that letter he mentioned item wise the steps to be taken for dealing with the situation... '' Communist party of India The Communist Party of India was banned at that time by the British government. In order to get the ban lifted, as well as to assist the Soviet Union in its war against Nazi Germany, it supported the British war effort, despite support for Quit India by many industrial workers. In response the British lifted the ban on the party. Princely states The movement had less support in the princely states, as the princes were strongly opposed and funded the opposition. The Indian nationalists had very little international support. They knew that the United States strongly supported Indian independence, in principle, and believed the U.S. was an ally. However, after Churchill threatened to resign if pushed too hard, the U.S. quietly supported him while bombarding Indians with propaganda designed to strengthen public support of the war effort. The poorly run American operation annoyed both the British and the Indians. No support to the Quit India movement Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) kept aloof from the Congress - led anti-British Indian independence movement since its founding by K.B. Hedgewar in 1925. In 1942, the RSS, under M.S. Golwalkar refused to join in the Quit India Movement. The Bombay government appreciated the RSS position by noting that, `` the Sangh has scrupulously kept itself within the law, and in particular, has refrained from taking part in the disturbances that broke out in August 1942 ''. ``. The British Government also asserted that at Sangh meetings organized during the times of anti-British movements started and fought by the Indian National Congress, `` speakers urged the Sangh members to keep aloof from the congress movement and these instructions were generally observed ''. The RSS head ( sarsanghchalak ) during that time, M.S. Golwalkar later stated that the RSS did not support the Quit India Movement. Such a non-committal attitude during the Indian freedom movement also led to the Sangh being viewed with distrust and anger, both by the general Indian public, as well as certain members of the organization itself. In Golwalkar 's own words, `` In 1942 also, there was a strong sentiment in the hearts of many. At that time too, the routine work of the Sangh continued. Sangh decided not to do anything directly. ' Sangh is the organization of inactive people, their talks have no substance ' was the opinion uttered not only by outsiders but also our own swayamsevaks '' '' The British Government stated that the RSS was not at all supporting any civil disobedience against them, and as such their other political activities could be overlooked. The Home Department was thereby of the opinion that the RSS did not constitute a menace to law and order in British India. The Bombay government reported that the RSS had not, in any way, infringed upon government orders and had always shown a willingness to comply with the law. The same Bombay Government report further noted that in December 1940, orders had been issued to the provincial RSS leaders to desist from any activities that the British Government considered objectionable, and the RSS, in turn, had assured the British authorities that `` it had no intentions of offending against the orders of the Government ''. Local violence According to John F. Riddick, from 9 August 1942 to 21 September 1942, the Quit India movement : attacked 550 post offices, 250 railway stations, damaged many rail lines, destroyed 70 police stations, and burned or damaged 85 other government buildings. There were about 2,500 instances of telegraph wires being cut. The greatest level of violence occurred in Bihar. The Government of India deployed 57 battalions of British troops to restore order. At the national level the lack of leadership meant the ability to galvanise rebellion was limited. The movement had a local impact in some areas. especially at Satara in Maharashtra, Talcher in Odisha, and Midnapore. In Tamluk and Contai subdivisions of Midnapore, the local populace were successful in establishing parallel governments, which continued to function, until Gandhi personally requested the leaders to disband in 1944. A minor uprising took place in Ballia, now the easternmost district of Uttar Pradesh. People overthrew the district administration, broke open the jail, released the arrested Congress leaders and established their own independent rule. It took weeks before the British could reestablish their writ in the district. Of special importance in Saurashtra ( in western Gujarat ) was the role of the region 's ' baharvatiya ' tradition ( i.e. going outside the law ) which abetted the sabotage activities of the movement there. In rural west Bengal, the Quit India Movement was fueled by peasants ' resentment against the new war taxes and the forced rice exports. There was open resistance to the point of rebellion in 1942 until the great famine of 1943 suspended the movement. Suppression of the movement Picketing in front of Medical School at Bengaluru One of the important achievements of the movement was to keep the Congress party united through all the trials and tribulations that followed. The British, already alarmed by the advance of the Japanese army to the India - Burma border, responded by imprisoning Gandhi. All the members of the Party 's Working Committee ( national leadership ) were imprisoned as well. Due to the arrest of major leaders, a young and till then relatively unknown Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session on 9 August and hoisted the flag ; later the Congress party was banned. These actions only created sympathy for the cause among the population. Despite lack of direct leadership, large protests and demonstrations were held all over the country. Workers remained absent en masse and strikes were called. Not all demonstrations were peaceful, at some places bombs exploded, government buildings were set on fire, electricity was cut and transport and communication lines were severed. Play media Video footage of the days during Quit India Movement The British swiftly responded with mass detentions. Over 100,000 arrests were made, mass fines were levied and demonstrators were subjected to public flogging. Hundreds of civilians were killed in violence many shot by the police army. Many national leaders went underground and continued their struggle by broadcasting messages over clandestine radio stations, distributing pamphlets and establishing parallel governments. The British sense of crisis was strong enough that a battleship was specifically set aside to take Gandhi and the Congress leaders out of India, possibly to South Africa or Yemen but ultimately did not take that step out of fear of intensifying the revolt. The Congress leadership was cut off from the rest of the world for over three years. Gandhi 's wife Kasturbai Gandhi and his personal secretary Mahadev Desai died in months and Gandhi 's health was failing, despite this Gandhi went on a 21 - day fast and maintained his resolve to continuous resistance. Although the British released Gandhi on account of his health in 1944, Gandhi kept up the resistance, demanding the release of the Congress leadership. By early 1944, India was mostly peaceful again, while the Congress leadership was still incarcerated. A sense that the movement had failed depressed many nationalists, while Jinnah and the Muslim League, as well as Congress opponents like the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Hindu Mahasabha sought to gain political mileage, criticizing Gandhi and the Congress Party. See also British Raj Indian Independence Movement Non-Cooperation Movement Indian nationalism Government of Azad Hind Kallara - Pangode Struggle References Jump up ^ http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/1942-quit-india-movement Jump up ^ Arthur Herman ( 2008 ). Gandhi & Churchill : The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age. Random House Digital. pp. 494 -- 99. ISBN 9780553804638. Jump up ^ 1 Rupee Coin of 1992 - Quit India Movement Golden Jubilee, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2bWubXDYWU Jump up ^ Official Website of the Indian National Congress, sub-link to article titled The Second World War and the Congress. `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 5 October 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2006. URL accessed on 20 - Jul - 2006 Jump up ^ Raghavan, Srinath, India 's War - The Making of Modern South Asia 1939 - 1945, Allen Lane, London, 2016, ISBN 978 - 1 - 846 - 14542 - 4 Parameter error in ( ( isbn ) ) : Invalid ISBN., p. 320 Jump up ^ Barkawi, Tarak. Culture and Combat in the Colonies. The Indian Army in the Second World War. Journal of Contemporary History. 10000 ( 2 ). pp. 325 -- 355. Jump up ^ Nasim Yousaf Hidden facts behind British India 's freedom : a scholarly look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid - e-Azam 's political conflict, p. 137. Jump up ^ Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan ( 1984 ) pp 209, 215 Jump up ^ Martin Sieff, Shifting superpowers : the new and emerging relationship between the United States, China, and India ( 2009 ) p 21 Jump up ^ Syed Nesar Ahmad, Origins of Muslim consciousness in India : a world - system perspective ( Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991 ) pp 213 -- 15 ^ Jump up to : Prabhu Bapu ( 2013 ). Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915 -- 1930 : Constructing Nation and History. Routledge. pp. 103 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 67165 - 1. Jump up ^ Mookherjee, Shyama Prasad. Leaves from a Dairy. Oxford University Press. p. 179. ^ Jump up to : Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani ( 2000 ), The RSS and the BJP : A Division of Labour, LeftWord Books, pp. 56 --, ISBN 978 - 81 - 87496 - 13 - 7 Jump up ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra ( 1978 ). History of Modern Bengal. Oxford University Press. p. 179. Jump up ^ K. Venugopal Reddy, `` Working Class in ' Quit India ' Movement, '' Indian Historical Review ( 2010 ) 37 # 2 pp275 - 289 Jump up ^ Stanley Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan ( 1984 ) p 210 Jump up ^ Eric D. Pullin, `` ' Noise and Flutter ' : American Propaganda Strategy and Operation in India during World War II, '' Diplomatic History, ( April 2010 ) 34 # 2 pp 275 -- 298 online at Academic Search Premier Jump up ^ Andersen & Damle 1987, p. 44. Jump up ^ Śekhara Bandyopādhyāẏa ( 1 January 2004 ). From Plassey to Partition : A History of Modern India. Orient Blackswan. pp. 422 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 250 - 2596 - 2. Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra, Communalism 2008, p. 141. Jump up ^ Noorani, RSS and the BJP 2000, p. 60. Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra ( 2008 ). Communalism in Modern India. Har - Anand. pp. 140 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 241 - 1416 - 2. Jump up ^ M.S. Golwalkar ( 1974 ). Shri Guruji Samagra Darshan, Volume 4. Bharatiya Vichar Sadhana. Jump up ^ Ram Puniyani ( 21 July 2005 ). Religion, Power and Violence : Expression of Politics in Contemporary Times. SAGE Publications. pp. 134 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7619 - 3338 - 0. Jump up ^ Shamsul Islam ( 2006 ). Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism : A Study of RSS. Media House. pp. 187 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7495 - 236 - 3. Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra, Communalism 2008, p. 140. Jump up ^ Andersen & Damle 1987. Jump up ^ Noorani, RSS and the BJP 2000, p. 46. Jump up ^ Sumit Sarkar ( 2005 ). Beyond Nationalist Frames : Relocating Postmodernism, Hindutva, History. Permanent Black. pp. 258 --. ISBN 978 - 81 - 7824 - 086 - 2. Jump up ^ Partha Sarathi Gupta ( 1997 ). Towards Freedom 1943 -- 44, Part III. New Delhi : Oxford University Press. pp. 3058 -- 9. ISBN 978 - 0195638684. Jump up ^ John F. Riddick, The History of British India : A Chronology ( 2006 ) p 115 ^ Jump up to : Chakraborty, Bidyut Local Politics and Indian Nationalism : Midnapur ( 1919 -- 1944 )... Manohar. 1997. Jump up ^ Jaykumar R. Shukla, `` The Quit India Movement on Saurashtra, '' Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, 1981, 21 # 1 pp 3 -- 8 Jump up ^ Sunil Sen, `` Popular Participation in the Quit India Movement : Midnapur, 1942 -- 44, '' Indian Historical Review, ( Jan 1985 ) Vol. 12 Issue 1 / 2, pp 300 -- 316 Jump up ^ D, Fisher D ; Read A ( 1998 ). The Proudest Day : India 's Long Road to Independence. WW Norton. p. 330. Jump up ^ D, Fisher D ; Read A ( 1998 ). The Proudest Day : India 's Long Road to Independence. WW Norton. p. 329. Works cited Chandra, Bipan ( 2008 ), Communalism in Modern India, Har - Anand, ISBN 8124114161 Noorani, A.G. ( 2000 ), The RSS and the BJP : A Division of Labour, LeftWord Books, ISBN 978 - 81 - 87496 - 13 - 7 Further reading Andersen, Walter K. ; Damle, Shridhar D. ( 1987 ). The brotherhood in saffron : the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu revivalism. Westview Press. Akbar, M.J. Nehru : The Making of India ( Viking, 1988 ), popular biography Buchanan, Andrew N. `` The War Crisis and the Decolonization of India, December 1941 -- September 1942 : A Political and Military Dilemma. '' Global War Studies 8.2 ( 2011 ) : 5 - 31. Chakrabarty, Bidyut. `` Political Mobilization in the Localities : The 1942 Quit India Movement in Midnapur, '' Modern Asian Studies ( 1992 ) 26 # 4 pp. 791 -- 814 in JSTOR Chakrabarty, Bidyut. `` Defiance and Confrontation : The 1942 Quit India Movement in Midnapur, '' Social Scientist ( 1992 ) Vol. 20, No. 7 / 8 in JSTOR Chopra, P.N. `` ' Quit India ' Movement of 1942, '' Journal of Indian History, ( 1971 ) Vol. 49 Issue 145 / 147, pp 1 -- 56 Clymer, Kenton J. Quest for Freedom : The United States and India 's Independence ( Columbia University Press, 1995 ) online edition Greenough, Paul R. `` Political Mobilization and the Underground Literature of the Quit India Movement, 1942 -- 44, '' Modern Asian Studies, ( 1983 ) 17 # 3 pp. 353 -- 386 in JSTOR Herman, Arthur ( 2008 ). Gandhi & Churchill : The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age. Random House Digital. ISBN 9780553804638. Hutchins, Francis G. India 's Revolution : Gandhi and the Quit India Movement ( 1973 ) Johnson, Robert. `` The Army in India and Responses to Low - Intensity Conflict, 1936 - 1946. '' Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 89.358 ( 2011 ) : 159. Krishan, Shri. `` Crowd vigour and social identity : The Quit India Movement in western India. '' Indian Economic & Social History Review 33.4 ( 1996 ) : 459 - 479. Panigrahi ; D.N. India 's Partition : The Story of Imperialism in Retreat ( Routledge, 2004 ) online edition Pati, Biswamoy. `` The climax of popular protest : The Quit India Movement in Orissa. '' Indian Economic & Social History Review 29.1 ( 1992 ) : 1 - 35. Patil, V.I. Gandhiji, Nehruji and the Quit India Movement ( 1984 ) Read, Anthony, and David Fisher ; The Proudest Day : India 's Long Road to Independence ( W.W. Norton, 1999 ) online edition ; detailed scholarly history Venkataramani, M.S. ; Shrivastava, B.K. Quit India : The American Response to the 1942 Struggle ( 1979 ) Zaidi, A. Moin ( 1973 ). The way out to freedom : an inquiry into the Quit India Movement conducted by participants. Orientalia ( India ). p. 85. Mansergh, Nicholas, and E.W.R. Lumby, eds. India : The Transfer of Power 1942 - 7. Vol. II. ' Quit India ' 30 April - 21 September 1942 ( London : Her Majesty 's Stationery Office, 1971 ), 1044pp Muni, S.D. `` The Quit India Movement : A Review Article, '' International Studies, ( Jan 1977, ) 16 # 1 pp 157 -- 168, Pran Nath Chopra ; Shri Ram Bakshi ( 1986 ). Quit India Movement : British secret documents, Vol. 1. Interprint. p. 17. ISBN 81 - 85017 - 32 - 8. External links Rejected ' Quit India ' resolution drafted by Mohandas K. Gandhi 27 April 1942 Indian Independence Movement History Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo - Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo - Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more Philosophies and ideologies Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj Events and movements Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ) Partition of Bengal ( 1947 ) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu -- German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-Cooperation Movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie - Begar Movement Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indische Legion Cripps ' mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Organisations All India Kisan Sabha All - India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more Social reformers A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B.R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J.B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddi Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda Independence activists Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A.K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M.N. Roy Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit ‎ Muhammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Sahib P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja - ud - Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud - Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi VO Chidamabaram V.K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more British leaders Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings Independence Cabinet Mission Annexation of French colonies in India Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference Mahatma Gandhi Life events and movements Indian Ambulance Corps Bardoli Satyagraha Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Indian independence movement Gandhi cap Non-cooperation Movement Chauri Chaura incident Purna Swaraj flag Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vaikom Satyagraha Aundh Experiment Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Second Round Table Conference Padayatra Poona Pact Natal Indian Congress Quit India speech Gujarat Vidyapith University Harijan Sevak Sangh Ashrams ( Kochrab Tolstoy Farm Sabarmati Sevagram ) List of fasts Assassination Philosophy Gandhism Economics trusteeship Education Sarvodaya Satyagraha Swadeshi Swaraj Publications Harijan Hind Swaraj ( Indian Home Rule ) Indian Opinion The Story of My Experiments with Truth Young India Seven Social Sins ( Gandhi Heritage Portal ) Influences A Letter to a Hindu Ahimsa nonviolence Bhagavad Gita Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience ( essay ) Civil disobedience Fasting Harishchandra Hinduism John Ruskin Leo Tolstoy The Kingdom of God Is Within You The Masque of Anarchy Muhammad Narmad Pacifism Sermon on the Mount Shravan Shrimad Rajchandra Henry Stephens Salt Tirukkural Unto This Last Gandhi 's translation `` Vaishnava Jana To '' Vegetarianism Associates Swami Anand C.F. Andrews Jamnalal Bajaj Shankarlal Banker Sarla Behn Vinoba Bhave Brij Krishna Chandiwala Sudhakar Chaturvedi Jugatram Dave Mahadev Desai Dada Dharmadhikari Kanu Gandhi Shiv Prasad Gupta Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri J.C. Kumarappa Hermann Kallenbach Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Acharya Kripalani Mirabehn Mohanlal Pandya Vallabhbhai Patel Narhari Parikh Chakravarti Rajagopalachari Parsee Rustomjee Bibi Amtus Salam Sonja Schlesin Anugrah Narayan Sinha Sri Krishna Sinha Rettamalai Srinivasan V.A. Sundaram Abbas Tyabji Ravishankar Vyas Mithuben Petit Legacy Artistic depictions Gandhigiri Gandhi Peace Award Gandhi Peace Prize Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Indian currency Family Karamchand Gandhi ( father ) Kasturba ( wife ) Harilal ( son ) Manilal ( son ) Ramdas ( son ) Devdas ( son ) Maganlal ( cousin ) Samaldas ( nephew ) Arun ( grandson ) Ela ( granddaughter ) Rajmohan ( grandson ) Gopalkrishna ( grandson ) Ramchandra ( grandson ) Kanu ( grandson ) Kanu ( grandnephew ) Tushar ( great - grandson ) Leela ( great - granddaughter ) Influenced James Bevel Steve Biko 14th Dalai Lama Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Morarji Desai Eknath Easwaran Maria Lacerda de Moura James Lawson Martin Luther King Jr. Nelson Mandela Brajkishore Prasad Rajendra Prasad Ramjee Singh Aung San Suu Kyi Lanza del Vasto Abhay Bang Sane Guruji Memorials Statues Houston Johannesburg London ( Parliament Square ) New York Patna Pietermaritzburg Washington Observances Gandhi Jayanti International Day of Non-Violence Martyrs ' Day Season for Nonviolence Other Aga Khan Palace Gandhi Bhawan Gandhi Mandapam Gandhi Market Gandhi Promenade Gandhi Smriti Gandhi Memorial Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai Kaba Gandhi No Delo Kirti Mandir Mahatma Gandhi College Mohandas Gandhi High School National Gandhi Museum Raj Ghat Sabarmati Ashram Satyagraha House Roads named after Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quit_India_Movement&oldid=807793519 '' Categories : Quit India Movement 1942 establishments in India 1942 in India Gandhism India in World War II British Empire in World War II Hidden categories : Pages with ISBN errors NPOV disputes from June 2014 All NPOV disputes Articles that may contain original research from May 2017 All articles that may contain original research Use dmy dates from February 2013 Use Indian English from February 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Articles needing additional references from August 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016 Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages বাংলা भोजपुरी Català Deutsch Ελληνικά Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ಕನ್ನಡ മലയാളം मराठी नेपाली ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Русский संस्कृतम् Simple English Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2017, at 04 : 14. 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Question: who introduced the idea of quit india movement
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi