Politics of Georgia ( country ) - wikipedia Politics of Georgia ( country ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2016 ) Georgia This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Georgia Constitution Constitutional court Human rights LGBT rights Executive President ( list ) Giorgi Margvelashvili Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili Legislature Parliament Chairperson : Irakli Kobakhidze Judiciary Supreme Court Local government Administrative divisions Regions ( mkhare ) Municipalities Election Administration Recent elections Parliamentary : 2012 2016 Presidential : 2008 2013 Political parties Foreign relations with the European Union with NATO with Russia Related topics Rose Revolution United Nations Observer Mission Politics of Abkhazia Politics of South Ossetia Other countries Atlas Politics in Georgia involve a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. The President of Georgia is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of government. The President and the Government wield executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia. After the Rose Revolution of 2003, the National Movement -- Democrats dominated the party system. Georgia became a democratic republic following the first multiparty, democratic parliamentary elections of October 28, 1990. The Georgian state is highly centralized, except for the autonomous regions of Abkhazia and Adjara and the former autonomous region of South Ossetia. Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which had autonomy within the Georgian SSR during Soviet rule, unilaterally seceded from Georgia in the 1990s. While, as of 2016, the Georgian government recognizes Abkhazia as autonomous within Georgia, it does not recognize South Ossetia as having any special status. Consideration of replacing Georgia 's republic with some form of constitutional monarchy has become part of Georgian political debate since the Georgian Orthodox primate and other leading Georgians suggested the idea in 2007. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Georgia as `` hybrid regime '' in 2016. Contents 1 Recent developments 2 Monarchist option 3 Euro - Atlantic Integration 4 Political conditions 5 Executive branch 6 Legislative branch 7 Political parties and elections 8 Judicial branch 9 Administrative divisions 10 International organization participation 11 See also 12 Further reading 13 References 14 External links Recent developments Further information : History of Georgia ( country ) § Saakashvili presidency ( 2004 ) This section appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. ( October 2008 ) Following a crisis involving allegations of ballot fraud in the 2003 parliamentary elections, Eduard Shevardnadze resigned as president on November 23, 2003, in the bloodless Rose Revolution. The interim president was the speaker of the outgoing parliament ( whose replacement was annulled ), Nino Burjanadze. On January 4, 2004 Mikheil Saakashvili, leader of the United National Movement won the country 's presidential election and was inaugurated on January 25. Fresh parliamentary elections were held on March 28, 2004, where the United National Movement 's parliamentary faction, the National Movement - Democrats ( NMD ), secured the vast majority of the seats ( with ca. 75 % of the votes ). Only one other party reached the 7 % threshold : the Rightist Opposition with ca. 7.5 %. The vote is believed to have been one of the freest ever held in independent Georgia although an upsurge of tension between the central government and the Ajarian leader Aslan Abashidze affected the elections in this region. Despite recognizing progress the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe noted the tendency to misuse state administration resources in favor of the ruling party. Tensions between Georgia and separatist authorities in Ajaria increased after the elections, climaxing on May 1, 2004 when Abashidze responded to military maneuvers held by Georgia near the region by having the three bridges connecting Ajaria and the rest of Georgia over the Choloki River blown up. On May 5, Abashidze was forced to flee Georgia as mass demonstrations in Batumi called for his resignation and Russia increased their pressure by deploying Security Council secretary Igor Ivanov. On February 3, 2005, Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania died of carbon monoxide poisoning in an apparent gas leak at the home of Raul Usupov, deputy governor of Kvemo Kartli region. Later, Zhvania 's close friend and a long - time ally, Finance Minister Zurab Nogaideli was appointed for the post by President Saakashvili. Old Tbilisi showing a mosque and minaret in the background Under the Saakasvili administration Georgia has achieved considerable progress in eradicating corruption. In 2008 Transparency International ranked Georgia 67th in its Corruption Perceptions Index, with a score of 3.9 points out of 10 possible. This represents the best result among the CIS countries and a dramatic improvement on Georgia 's score in 2004, when the country was ranked 133rd with 2.0 points. In January 2006 a new party, Georgia 's Way, was created. The movement is led by former Foreign Minister Salome Zourabichvili, and appears to be relatively popular. An opinion poll conducted by the Georgian weekly Kviris Palitra and published on April 10, 2006 suggested that Salome Zourabichvili would garner 23.1 % of votes if a presidential election were held today. President Saakashvili ranked first with 33 % - an all - time low for the Georgian President - whilst no other individual managed to surpass double - digit levels of support. Georgia 's Way has said it intends to have candidates for all the seats in Georgia 's upcoming local elections, with Zourabichvili hoping to become Tbilisi Mayor. On November 7, 2007, during a period of mass protests, President Saakashvili declared Tbilisi to be in a state of emergency. There were massive demonstrations and protests by the civil opposition, demanding the resignation of President Saakashvili. The Georgian police used teargas, batons, water cannons and high tech acoustic weapons in the streets of Tbilisi. Later that day, the President declared a state of emergency in the whole country of Georgia. The Russian government denied accusations of being involved or of interfering in the situation. President Saakashvili rejected all demands that he resign his position, but announced early presidential elections to be held in January 2008, effectively cutting his term in office by a year. On November 16, 2007, Prime Minister of Georgia Zurab Noghaideli announced his resignation due to poor health conditions. Noghaideli underwent heart operation in April 2007 at St. Luke 's Episcopal Hospital in Houston, Texas, which was led by the leading U.S. surgeon Dr. Charles Frazier. President Saakashvili invited Vladimer ( `` Lado '' ) Gurgenidze, MBA holder from Emory University, United States and former business executive, to succeed Noghaideli on the position of the PM on the same day. Gurgenidze was formally approved on the position and granted the trust of the Parliament of Georgia on November 22, 2007. Gurgenidze implemented only two changes in the Cabinet of Georgia so far, replacing Alexandre Lomaia, the former Minister for Education and Science and new Secretary of National Security Council with Maia Miminoshvili, former Head of the National Assessment and Examination Centre ( NAEC ). Prime Minister also invited Koba Subeliani, former Head of Municipal Accomplishment Service to succeed Giorgi Kheviashvili, former Minister for Refugees and Accommodation. New Prime Minister and two Ministers Koba Subeliani and Maia Miminoshvili were approved on their positions on November 22, 2007 by a confidence vote of the Parliament of Georgia. Mikheil Saakashvili resigned from the position of the President on November 25, 2007 as the Constitution of Georgia requires the president stands down at least 45 days before the next election to be eligible for retaking part him / herself. The Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia Mrs. Nino Burjanadze took over the position until the results were announced on January 5, 2008. Twenty - two people registered for the presidential elections, including the most recent president Mikheil Saakashvili, approved candidate of the united opposition Levan Gachechiladze, influential businessman Badri Patarkatsishvili, Leader of the New Right Party David Gamkrelidze, the Leader of the Georgian Labour Party Shalva Natelashvili, the Leader of Hope Party Irina Sarishvili - Chanturia and Giorgi Maisashvili. Monarchist option Debate on the possible installation of a constitutional monarchy in Georgia was revitalized following the 7 October 2007 sermon of Catholicos - Patriarch Ilia II, the popular head of the Georgian Orthodox Church. The patriarch said, during his Sunday service at the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, that restoration of the Bragrationi royal family was a `` desirable dream of the Georgian people ''. He also emphasized that if the people of Georgia chose this model of governance, `` a candidate to the crown should be selected among representatives of the royal dynasty, and he should be suitably raised to be king from childhood. '' Competition arose among the old dynasty 's princes and supporters, as historians and jurists debated which Bagrationi has the strongest hereditary right to a throne that has been vacant for two centuries. Although some Georgian monarchists support the Gruzinsky branch 's claim, others support that of the re-patriated Mukhrani branch. Both branches descend in unbroken, legitimate male line from the medieval kings of Georgia down to Constantine II of Georgia who died in 1505. David Bagration of Mukhrani, married Ana Bagration - Gruzinsky on 8 February 2009 at the Tbilisi Sameba Cathedral. The marriage united the Gruzinsky and Mukhrani branches of the former Georgian royal family, and drew a crowd of 3,000 spectators, officials, and foreign diplomats, as well as extensive coverage by the Georgian media. Euro - Atlantic Integration EU Member states Current Enlargement agenda EaP participants Eastern European states outside EaP After the Rose Revolution Georgia started looking westwards. The government -- with public support -- aims at EU and NATO membership, and has created a Ministry for European and Euro - Atlantic Integration. Within NATO, Georgia is currently in Intensified Dialogue ; membership in the EU is a more distant project. Political conditions The Abkhaz separatist dispute absorbs much of the government 's attention. While a cease - fire is in effect about 250,000 internally displaced persons ( IDPs ) who were driven from their homes during the conflict, constitute a vocal lobby. The government has offered the region considerable autonomy to encourage a settlement that would allow the IDPs ( mainly ethnic Georgians from the Gali district ) to return home, however the Abkhaz side refused to accept it. Currently, Russian peacekeepers are stationed in Abkhazia under the authority of the Commonwealth of Independent States, along with United Nations observers but both groups have recently had to restrict their activities due to increased mining and guerrilla. So far ( by 2007 ) the negotiations have not resulted in any settlement. France, United Kingdom, Germany, Russia and the United States ( who act as the members of the United Nations and the OSCE ) continue to encourage a comprehensive settlement consistent with Georgian independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. The UN observer force and other organizations are quietly encouraging grassroots cooperative and confidence - building measures in the region. The parliament has instituted wideranging political reforms supportive of higher human rights standards, because between 1992 and 2003 ( before the Rose Revolution of November 23, 2003 ) the Georgian human rights situation had been complicated. Despite the reforms by the new government, there are still numerous problems concerning respect for human rights in the country. Prisoners are frequently maltreated, journalists are intimidated by the authorities and much of the mainstream media is owned by government supporters. The police are often accused of planting evidence, beatings and the unnecessary killing of suspects. Executive branch See also : List of Georgian rulers The head of state is the President, who is elected for a term of five years. His constitutional successor is the Chairman of the Parliament speaker of parliament. The president appoints a Prime Minister, who serves as the head of government. Main office holders Office Name Party Since President Giorgi Margvelashvili Georgian Dream 17 November 2013 Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili Georgian Dream 30 December 2015 Legislative branch The Parliament of Georgia ( Sak'art'velos Parlamenti ), also known as the Umaghlesi Sabcho ( Supreme Council ), has 235 members, elected for a four - year term - 150 seats by proportional representation, 75 in single - seat constituencies and 10 given to the representatives of the displaced persons from the separatist region of Abkhazia. However, this situation will change when the next elections are held ( likely to be 2008 ). According to the constitutional amendments passed in 2003 the parliament will consist of only 150 members elected with the proportional representation system and will be fully refurbished. The Speaker of Parliament is Irakli Kobakhidze. Political parties and elections For other political parties, see List of political parties in Georgia. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Georgia ( country ). e d Summary of the 1 October 2012 Georgian Parliament election results Party Party - list Constituency Total seats + / -- Votes % Seats Seats % Georgian Dream Georgian Dream -- Democratic Georgia Conservative Party of Georgia Industry Will Save Georgia Republican Party of Georgia Our Georgia -- Free Democrats National Forum 1,184,612 54.97 44 41 85 83 United National Movement 873,233 40.34 33 32 65 54 Christian Democratic Union Christian - Democratic Movement European Democrats of Georgia 44,293 2.05 0 0 0 0 6 Labour Party of Georgia 26,759 1.24 0 0 0 0 6 New Rights 9,379 0.43 0 0 0 0 17 Free Georgia 5,892 0.43 0 0 0 0 0 For a fair Georgia 4,091 0.19 0 0 0 0 0 National Democratic Party 3,050 0.14 0 0 0 0 0 Georgian Troupe 2,344 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 Sportsmen Connection 1,575 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 Tavisupleba ( Freedom Movement ) 1,023 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 Merab Kostava Society 1,011 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 Future Georgia 701 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 Labour Council 582 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 People 's Movement 554 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 People 's Party 534 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 Blank / invalid votes -- -- -- -- -- -- Total 2,159,633 100 77 73 100 150 Registered voters / turnout 3,613,851 59.76 -- -- -- -- -- Source : Central Election Commission of Georgia Results ; Civil.ge, results of repeat polling Note : * The Republican Party had two seats before the election. Main article : Georgian parliamentary election, 2012 e d Summary of the January 5, 2008 Georgian presidential election results Candidates Votes % Mikheil Saakashvili 1,060,042 53.47 Levan Gachechiladze 509,234 25.69 Badri Patarkatsishvili 140,826 7.10 Shalva Natelashvili 128,589 6.49 Davit Gamkrelidze 79,747 4.02 Gia Maisashvili 15,249 0.77 Irina Sarishvili - Chanturia 3,242 0.16 Repealed ballots 33,129 1.67 Invalid ballots 12,260 0.61 Total 56.19 % turnout ; 3,527,964 eligible voters 1,982,318 100.0 Main article : Georgian presidential election, 2008 Judicial branch Georgia has a Supreme Court, with judges elected by the Parliament on the president 's recommendation, and a Constitutional Court. Administrative divisions Main article : Administrative divisions of Georgia ( country ) Georgia is divided into 2 autonomous republics ( avtonomiuri respublika ), 9 region ( mkhare ), and a capital territory. Autonomous republics : Abkhazia, Ajaria. Mkhares : Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta - Mtianeti, Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe - Javakheti, Shida Kartli. Capital city : Tbilisi The regions and autonomous republics are subdivided into 67 municipalities ( Georgian : მუნიციპალიტეტი ; before 2006 - raioni, Georgian : რაიონი ) and cities with local government : Cities : Batumi, Kutaisi, Poti, Rustavi, Tbilisi, Tskhinvali. Districts : Abasha, Adigeni, Akhalgori, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Akhmeta, Ambrolauri, Aspindza, Baghdati, Bolnisi, Borjomi, Chiatura, Chkhorotsku, Chokhatauri, Dedoplistsqaro, Dmanisi, Dusheti, Gagra, Gali, Gardabani, Gori, Gudauta, Gulripshi, Gurjaani, Java, Kareli, Kaspi, Kazbegi, Keda, Kharagauli, Khashuri, Khelvachauri, Khobi, Khoni, Khulo, Kobuleti, Lagodekhi, Lanchkhuti, Lentekhi, Marneuli, Martvili, Mestia, Mtskheta, Ninotsminda, Ochamchire, Oni, Ozurgeti, Qvareli, Sachkhere, Sagarejo, Samtredia, Senaki, Shuakhevi, Sighnaghi, Sukhumi, Telavi, Terjola, Tetritsqaro, Tianeti, Tkibuli, Tsageri, Tsalenjikha, Tsalka, Tskaltubo, Vani, Zestaponi, Zugdidi note : administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers ( exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses ) International organization participation BSEC, Council of Europe, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, International Chamber of Commerce, International Criminal Court ( ICC ), ITUC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO ( correspondent ), ITU, OAS ( observer ), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO See also Georgia portal Politics portal Human rights in Georgia ( country ) Rose Revolution Monarchy in Georgia Further reading Mataradze, Teona ; Mühlfried, Florian : `` Leaving and Being Left Behind : Labor Migration in Georgia '' in the Caucasus Analytical Digeast No. 4 Organized Crime and Illegal Trafficking in the Caucasus. Articles in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 9 Cooley, Alexander ; Mitchell, Lincoln : `` Georgia : The Interconnections between Democracy and Security '' in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 17 Anti-Corruption Reforms in Georgia. Articles in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 26 References ^ Jump up to : ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` Constitution of Georgia '' ( PDF ). Parliament.ge. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 17. Jump up ^ Nakashidze, Malkhaz ( 2016 ). `` Semi-presidentialism in Georgia '' ( PDF ). In Elgie, Robert ; Moestrup, Sophia. Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. London : Palgrave Macmillan ( published 15 May 2016 ). pp. 119 -- 142. doi : 10.1057 / 978 - 1 - 137 - 38781 - 3_5. ISBN 978 - 1 - 137 - 38780 - 6. LCCN 2016939393. OCLC 6039793171. Retrieved 13 October 2017. Nakashidze discusses the adoption and evolution of semi-presidentialism in Georgia since the Rose Revolution in 2004. From 2004 to 2012, political power was concentrated in the hands of the president, under a president - parliamentary variant of semi-presidentialism. Only during the period of cohabitation from 2012 to 2013 was the president 's authority challenged. In 2010, the Constitution was amended with effect from 2013, reducing the power of the president considerably, arguably in an attempt by term - limited President Saakashvili to secure a political comeback as a powerful prime minister. Under the new premier - presidential Constitution, powers have been much more evenly distributed with each branch of government exercising its Constitutional powers. ^ Jump up to : Zaza Jgharkava ( October 18, 2007 ). Will a Constitutional Monarchy Be Restored in Georgia ? Archived 2015 - 01 - 11 at the Wayback Machine... Georgia Today, Issue # 379. ^ Jump up to : Giorgi Lomsadze ( December 18, 2007 ). Time for a King for Georgia ?. EurasiaNet Civil Society. Jump up ^ solutions, EIU digital. `` Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit ''. www.eiu.com. Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Georgia ''. State.gov. 2007 - 03 - 06. Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 17. Jump up ^ Corruption Perceptions Index 2008 Archived 2009 - 03 - 11 at the Wayback Machine... Transparency International. Accessed on September 23, 2008 Jump up ^ Corruption Perceptions Index 2004. Transparency International. Accessed on September 23, 2008 ^ Jump up to : Vignanski, Misha ( 2009 - 02 - 08 ). `` Primera boda real en dos siglos reagrupa dos ramas de la dinastía Bagration ''. El Confidencial. Spain. Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 09. Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Jump up ^ ( 3 ) Jump up ^ ( 4 ) External links Erik Herron 's Guide to Politics of East Central Europe and Eurasia Politics of Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Other entities European Union Georgia articles History Early Prehistoric Georgia Shulaveri - Shomu culture Kura -- Araxes culture Trialeti culture Colchian culture Diaokhi Kingdom of Colchis Kingdom of Iberia Kingdom of Lazica Roman Georgia Middle Christianization of Iberia Sasanian Iberia Principality of Iberia Bagrationi dynasty Arab rule in Georgia Emirate of Tbilisi Kingdom of Abkhazia Principality of Hereti Principality of Kakheti Duchy of Kldekari Principality of Tao - Klarjeti Kingdom of Hereti Kingdom of Kakheti - Hereti Kingdom of Georgia Byzantine -- Georgian wars Georgian -- Seljuk wars ( Battle of Didgori ) Georgian Golden Age Mongol invasions of Georgia Timur 's invasions of Georgia Principality of Samtskhe Turkmen invasions of Georgia Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Abkhazia Principality of Svaneti Principality of Guria Principality of Mingrelia Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti Shah Abbas I 's invasions of Georgia Kingdom of Kartli - Kakheti 1795 Persian Invasion Absorption by the Russian Empire Modern Democratic Republic of Georgia Georgian -- Armenian War Red Army invasion of Georgia Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic April 9 tragedy Independent Georgia Georgian Civil War War in Abkhazia Rose Revolution Russo - Georgian War By topic Name of Georgia Monarchs States Military history Wars Battles Timeline of Georgian history more Geography Birds Black Sea Climate Earthquakes Environmental issues Glaciers Greater Caucasus Lakes Lesser Caucasus Mammals National parks Protected areas Rivers Volcanoes more Subdivisions Administrative divisions Cities and towns Tbilisi Regions more Politics Cabinet Constitution Elections Human rights LGBT Law enforcement Military Air Force Coast Guard Land Forces National Assembly Political parties President Prime Minister Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Embassies in Georgia / of Georgia European Union NATO Georgian -- Abkhaz conflict Georgian -- Ossetian conflict Economy Agriculture Central bank Companies Energy International rankings Lari ( currency ) Mining Stock Exchange Telecommunications Tourism visa policy Transport Airports Autoroutes Railway Tbilisi Metro Stations more Culture Alphabet Architecture Art Chokha Cinema Cuisine Wine Dance Georgian language Laz Mingrelian Svan Media Music Mythology Names Public holidays Sports World Heritage Sites more Demographics Education Ethnic minorities Georgians List Diaspora Health care Women more Religion Georgian Orthodox Church Islam Catholicism Judaism Bahá'í Freedom of religion Secularism and irreligion more Symbols Anthem Bolnisi cross Borjgali Coat of arms Flag Motto Saint George cross Saint Nino cross Outline Index Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Georgia_(country)&oldid=832962719 '' Categories : Politics of Georgia ( country ) Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from March 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles needing additional references from November 2016 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles slanted towards recent events from October 2008 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Български Deutsch Français Română Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 28 March 2018, at 22 : 35. 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Question: what type of government does georgia the country have
Answer: semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system