George Frideric Handel - wikipedia George Frideric Handel `` Handel '' redirects here. For other uses, see Handel ( disambiguation ). George Frideric Handel Portrait of Handel, by Balthasar Denner ( c. 1726 -- 1728 ) Georg Friedrich Händel 23 February 1685 ( O.S. ) Halle 14 April 1759 ( aged 74 ) London Resting place Westminster Abbey Signature George Frideric ( or Frederick ) Handel ( / ˈhændəl / ; born Georg Friedrich Händel German : ( ˈhɛndəl ) ( listen ) ; 23 February 1685 ( O.S. ) ( ( N.S. ) 5 March ) -- 14 April 1759 ) was a German, later British, baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712 ; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle - German polyphonic choral tradition. Within fifteen years, Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera. Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that `` Handel was not only a great composer ; he was a dramatic genius of the first order. '' As Alexander 's Feast ( 1736 ) was well received, Handel made a transition to English choral works. After his success with Messiah ( 1742 ) he never composed an Italian opera again. Almost blind, and having lived in England for nearly fifty years, he died in 1759, a respected and rich man. His funeral was given full state honours, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London. Born the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti, Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era, with works such as Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks and Messiah remaining steadfastly popular. One of his four Coronation Anthems, Zadok the Priest ( 1727 ), composed for the coronation of George II, has been performed at every subsequent British coronation, traditionally during the sovereign 's anointing. Another of his English oratorios, Solomon ( 1748 ), has also remained popular, with act 3, known as `` The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba '', featuring at the 2012 London Olympics opening ceremony. Handel composed more than forty operas in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel 's operas has grown. Contents 1 Halle : Handel 's early years 1.1 Family 1.2 Handel 's early education 1.3 Musical education 1.4 After the death of Handel 's father 1.5 University 1.6 Handel 's Halle compositions 2 From Halle to Italy 3 Move to London 3.1 Cannons ( 1717 -- 18 ) 3.2 Royal Academy of Music ( 1719 -- 34 ) 3.3 Opera at Covent Garden ( 1734 -- 41 ) 3.4 Oratorio 4 Later years 5 Works 5.1 Catalogues 6 Legacy 6.1 Reception 6.2 Borrowings 6.3 Homages 6.4 Veneration 6.5 Fictional depictions 7 See also 8 Notes, references and sources 8.1 Notes 8.2 References 8.3 Sources 9 External links Halle : Handel 's early years Family Handel 's baptismal registration ( Marienbibliothek in Halle ) Handel was born in 1685 in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg, to Georg Händel and Dorothea Taust. His father, 63 when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber - surgeon who served the court of Saxe - Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Georg Händel ( 1622 -- 97 ) was the son of a coppersmith, Valentin Händel who had emigrated from Eisleben in 1608 with his first wife Anna Belching, the daughter of a master coppersmith. They were Protestants and chose reliably Protestant Saxony over Silesia, a Hapsburg possession, as religious tensions mounted in the years before the Thirty Years War. Halle was a relatively prosperous city, home of a salt - mining industry and center of trade ( and member of the Hanseatic League ). The Margrave of Brandenburg became the administrator of the archiepiscopal territories of Mainz ( including Magdeburg when they converted, and by the early 17th century held his court in Halle, which attracted renowned musicians. Even the smaller churches all had `` able organists and fair choirs '', and humanities and the letters thrived ( Shakespeare was performed in the theaters early in the 17th century ). The Thirty Years War brought extensive destruction to Halle, and by the 1680s it was impoverished. However, since the middle of the war the city had been under the administration of the Duke of Saxony, and soon after the end of the war he would bring musicians trained in Dresden to his court in Weissenfels. Händel - Haus ( de ), birthplace of Handel The arts and music, however, flourished only among the higher strata ( not only in Halle but throughout Germany ), of which Handel 's family was not a member. Georg Händel was born at the beginning of the war, and was apprenticed to a barber in Halle at the age of 14, after his father died. When he was 20, he married the widow of the official barber - surgeon of a suburb of Halle, inheriting his practice. With this, Georg determinedly began the process of becoming self - made ; by dint of his `` conservative, steady, thrifty, unadventurous '' lifestyle, he guided the five children he had with Anna who reached adulthood into the medical profession ( except his youngest daughter, who married a government official ). Anna died in 1682. Within a year Georg married again, this time to the daughter of a Lutheran minister, Pastor Georg Taust of the Church of St. Bartholomew in Giebichtenstein, who himself came from a long line of Lutheran pastors. Handel was the second child of this marriage ; the first son was stillborn. Two younger sisters were born after the birth of George Frideric : Dorthea Sophia, born 6 October 1687, and Johanna Christiana, born 10 January 1690. Handel 's early education Halle. Copper engraving, 1686. Early in his life Handel is reported to have attended the gymnasium in Halle, where the headmaster, Johann Praetorius ( de ), was reputed to be an ardent musician. Whether Handel remained there or for how long is unknown, but many biographers suggest that he was withdrawn from school by his father, based on the characterization of him by Handel 's first biographer, John Mainwaring. Mainwaring is the source for almost all information ( little as it is ) of Handel 's childhood, and much of that information came from J.C. Smith, Jr., Handel 's confidant and copyist. Whether they came from Smith or elsewhere, Mainwaring frequently relates misinformation. It is from Mainwaring that the portrait comes of Handel 's father as implacably opposed to any musical education. Mainwaring writes that Georg Händel was `` alarmed '' at Handel 's very early propensity for music, `` took every measure to oppose it '', including forbidding any musical instrument in the house and preventing Handel from going to any house where they might be found. This did nothing to dampen young Handel 's inclination ; in fact, it did the reverse. Mainwaring tells the story of Handel 's secret attic spinet : Handel `` found means to get a little clavichord privately convey 'd to a room at the top of the house. To this room he constantly stole when the family was asleep ''. Although both John Hawkins and Charles Burney credited this tale, Schoelcher found it nearly `` incredible '' and a feat of `` poetic imagination '' and Lang considers it one of the unproven `` romantic stories '' that surrounded Handel 's childhood. But Handel had to have had some experience with the keyboard to have made the impression in Weissenfels that resulted in his receiving formal musical training. Musical education Sometime between the ages of seven and nine, Handel accompanied his father to Weissenfels where he came under the notice of one whom Handel thereafter always regarded throughout life as his benefactor, Duke Johann Adolf I. Somehow Handel made his way to the court organ, where he surprised everyone with his playing. Overhearing this performance and noting the youth of the performer caused the Duke ( whose suggestions were not to be disregarded by a burgher, especially an ambitious court appointee ) to recommend to Georg Händel that Handel be given musical instruction. Handel 's father engaged the organist at the Halle parish church, the young Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, to instruct Handel. Zachow would be the only teacher that Handel ever had. Because of his church employment, Zachow was an organist `` of the old school '', reveling in fugues, canons and counterpoint. But he was also familiar with developments in music across Europe and his own compositions `` embraced the new concerted, dramatic style ''. When Zachow discovered the talent of Handel, he introduced him `` to a vast collection of German and Italian music, which he possessed, sacred and profane, vocal and instrumental compositions of different schools, different styles, and of every master ''. Many traits considered `` Handelian '' can be traced back to Zachow 's music. At the same time Handel continued practice on the harpsichord, learned violin and organ, but according to Burney his special affection was for the hautbois ( oboe ). Schoelcher speculates that his youthful devotion to the instrument explains the large number of pieces he composed for oboe. Marktkirche in Halle where Zachow and Handel performed as organists With respect to instruction in composition, in addition to having Handel apply himself to traditional fugue and cantus firmus work, Zachow, recognizing Handel 's precocious talents, systematically introduced Handel to the variety of styles and masterworks contained in his extensive library. He did this by requiring Handel to copy selected scores. `` I used to write like the devil in those days '', Handel recalled much later. Much of this copying was entered into a notebook that Handel maintained for the rest of his life. Although it has since disappeared, the notebook has been sufficiently described to understand what pieces Zachow wished Handel to study. Among the chief composers represented in this exercise book were Johann Krieger, an `` old master '' in the fugue and prominent organ composer, Johann Caspar Kerll, a representative of the `` southern style '' after his teacher Frescobaldi and imitated later by Handel, Johann Jakob Froberger, an `` internationalist '' also closely studied by Buxtehude and Bach, and Georg Muffat, whose amalgam of French and Italian styles and his synthesis of musical forms influenced Handel. Mainwaring writes that during this time Zachow had begun to have Handel assume some of his church duties. Zachow, Mainwaring asserts, was `` often '' absent, `` from his love of company, and a chearful glass, '' and Handel therefore performed on organ frequently. What is more, according to Mainwaring, Handel began composing at the age of nine church services for voice and instruments `` and from that time actually did compose a service every week for three years successively. '' Mainwaring ends this chapter of Handel 's life by concluding that three or four years had been enough to allow Handel to surpass Zachow, and Handel had become `` impatient for another situation '' ; `` Berlin was the place agreed upon. '' Carelessness with dates or sequences ( and possibly imaginative interpretation by Mainwaring ) makes this period confused. After the death of Handel 's father Handel 's father died on 11 February 1697. It was German custom for friends and family to compose funeral odes for a substantial burgher like Georg, and young Handel discharged his duty with a poem dated 18 February and signed with his name and ( in deference to his father 's wishes ) `` dedicated to the liberal arts. '' At the time Handel was studying either at Halle 's Lutheran Gymnasium or the Latin School. Mainwaring has Handel traveling to Berlin the next year, 1698. The problem with Mainwaring as an authority for this date, however, is that he tells of how Handel 's father communicated with the `` king '' during Handel 's stay, declining the Court 's offer to send Handel to Italy on a stipend and that his father died `` after his return from Berlin. '' But since Georg Händel died in 1697, either the date of the trip or Mainwaring 's statements about Handel 's father must be in error. Early biographers solved the problem by making the year of the trip 1696, then noting that at the age of 11 Handel would need a guardian, have Handel 's father or friend of the family accompany him, all the while puzzling over why the elder Handel, who wanted Handel to become a lawyer, would spend the sum to lead his son further into the temptation of music as a career. Schoelcher for example has Handel traveling to Berlin at 11, meeting both Bononcini and Attilio Ariosti in Berlin and then returning at the direction of his father. But Ariosti was not in Berlin before the death of Handel 's father. and Handel could not have met Bononcini in Berlin before 1702. Modern biographers either accept the year as 1698, since most reliable older authorities agree with it, and discount what Mainwaring says about what took place during the trip or assume that Mainwaring conflated two or more visits to Berlin, as he did with Handel 's later trips to Venice. University Perhaps to fulfill a promise to his father or simply because he saw himself as `` dedicated to the liberal arts, '' on 10 February 1702 Handel matriculated at the University of Halle. That university had only recently been founded -- in 1694 the Elector created the school, largely to provide a lecture forum for the jurist Christian Thomasius who had been expelled from Leipzig for his liberal views. Handel did not enroll in the faculty of law, although Handel almost certainly attended his lectures Thomasius was an intellectual, academic and religious crusader who was the first German academic to lecture in German. A firm Lutheran, he nevertheless strongly advocated the separation of church and state, famously denouncing the witch trials then prevalent. Lang believes that Thomasius instilled in Handel a `` restpect for the dignity and freedom of man 's mind and the solemn majesty of the law, '' principles that would have drawn him to and kept him in England for half a century. Handel also there encountered theologian and professor of Oriental languages August Hermann Francke, who was particularly solicitous of children, particularly orphans. The orphanage he founded became a model for Germany, and undoubtedly influenced Handel 's own charitable impulse, when he assigned the rights of Messiah to London 's Foundling Hospital. Domkirche in Halle Shortly after commencing his university education, Handel ( though Lutheran ) on 13 March 1702 accepted the position of organist at the Calvinist Cathedral in Halle, the Domkirche, replacing J.C. Leporin, for whom he had acted as assistant. The position, which was a one - year probationary appointment showed the foundation he had received from Zachow, for a church organist and cantor was a highly prestigious office. From it he received 5 thalers a year and lodgings in the run - down castle of Moritzburg. Around this same time Handel made the acquaintance of Telemann. Four years Handel 's senior Telemann was studying law and assisting cantor Johann Kuhnau ( Bach 's predecessor at the Thomaskirche there ). Telemann recalled forty years later in an autobiography for Mattheson 's Grundlage : `` The writing of the excellent Johann Kuhnau served as a model for me in fugue and counterpoint ; but in fashioning melodic movements and examining them Handel and I were constantly occupied, frequently visiting each other as well as writing letters. '' Handel 's Halle compositions Although Mainwaring records that Handel wrote weekly when assistant to Zachow and as probationary organist at Domkirche part of his duty was to provide suitable music, no sacred compositions from his Halle period can now be identified. Mattheson, however, summarized his opinion of Handel 's church cantatas written in Halle : `` Handel in those days set very, very long arias and sheerly unending cantatas which, while not possessing the proper knack or correct taste, were perfect so far as harmony is concerned. '' Early chamber works do exist, but it is difficult to date any of them to Handel 's time in Halle. Many historians until recently followed Chrysander and designated the six trio sonatas for two oboes and basso continuo as his first known composition, supposedly written in 1696 ( when Handel was 11 ). Lang doubts the dating based on a handwritten date of a copy ( 1700 ) and stylistic considerations. Lang writes that the works `` show thorough acquaintance with the distilled sonata style of the Corelli school '' and are notable for `` the or, the formal security, and the cleanness of the texture. '' Hogwood considers all of the oboe trio sonatas spurious and even suggests that some parts can not be performed on oboe. That authentic manuscript sources do not exist and that Handel never recycled any material from these works make their authenticity doubtful. Other early chamber work were printed in Amsterdam in 1724 as opus 1, but it is impossible to tell which are early works in their original form, rather than later re-workings by Handel, a frequent practice of his. From Halle to Italy The Hamburg Opera am Gänsemarkt in 1726 Handel 's probationary appointment to Domkirche expired in March 1703. By July Handel was in Hamburg. Since he left no explanation for the move biographers have offered their own speculation. Burrows believes that the answer can be found by untangling Mainwaring 's confused chronology of the trip to Berlin. Burrows dates this trip to 1702 or 1703 ( after his father 's death ) and concludes that since Handel ( through a `` friend and relation '' at the Berlin court ) turned down Frederick 's offer to subsidize his musical education in Italy ( with the implicit understanding that he would become a court musician on his return ), Handel was no longer able to expect preferment ( whether as musician, lawyer or otherwise ) within Brandenburg - Prussia. And since he was attracted secular, dramatic music ( by meeting the Italians Bononcini and Attilio Ariosti and through the influence of Telemann ), Hamburg, a free city with an established opera company, was the logical choice. The question remains, however, why Handel rejected the King 's offer, given that Italy was the center of opera. Lang suggests that, influenced by the teachings of Thomasius, Handel 's character was such that he was unable to becoming subservient to anyone, even a king. Lang sees Handel as someone who could not accept class distinctions that required him to regard himself as a social inferior. `` What Handel craved was personal freedom to raise himself out of his provincial milieu to a life of culture. '' Burrows notes that like his father, Handel was able to accept royal ( and aristocratic ) favors but consider himself a court servant. And so given the embarrassed financial condition of his mother, Handel set off for Hamburg to obtain experience while supporting himself. In 1703 he accepted a position as violinist and harpsichordist in the orchestra of the Hamburg Oper am Gänsemarkt. There he met the composers Johann Mattheson, Christoph Graupner and Reinhard Keiser. His first two operas, Almira and Nero, were produced in 1705. He produced two other operas, Daphne and Florindo, in 1708. It is unclear whether Handel directed these performances. Entrance of Teatro del Cocomero in Florence According to Mainwaring, in 1706 Handel travelled to Italy at the invitation of Ferdinando de ' Medici. Other sources say Handel was invited by Gian Gastone de ' Medici, whom Handel had met in 1703 -- 1704 in Hamburg. De ' Medici, who had a keen interest in opera, was trying to make Florence Italy 's musical capital by attracting the leading talents of his day. In Italy Handel met librettist Antonio Salvi, with whom he later collaborated. Handel left for Rome and, since opera was ( temporarily ) banned in the Papal States, composed sacred music for the Roman clergy. His famous Dixit Dominus ( 1707 ) is from this era. He also composed cantatas in pastoral style for musical gatherings in the palaces of cardinals Pietro Ottoboni, Benedetto Pamphili and Carlo Colonna. Two oratorios, La resurrezione and Il trionfo del tempo, were produced in a private setting for Ruspoli and Ottoboni in 1709 and 1710, respectively. Rodrigo, his first all - Italian opera, was produced in the Cocomero theatre in Florence in 1707. Agrippina was first produced in 1709 at Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, owned by the Grimanis. The opera, with a libretto by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, ran for 27 nights successively. The audience, thunderstruck with the grandeur and sublimity of his style, applauded for Il caro Sassone ( `` the dear Saxon '' -- referring to Handel 's German origins ). Move to London Handel ( left ) and King George I on the River Thames, 17 July 1717, by Edouard Hamman ( 1819 -- 88 ) In 1710, Handel became Kapellmeister to German prince George, the Elector of Hanover, who in 1714 would become King George I of Great Britain and Ireland. He visited Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici and her husband in Düsseldorf on his way to London in 1710. With his opera Rinaldo, based on La Gerusalemme Liberata by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso, Handel enjoyed great success, although it was composed quickly, with many borrowings from his older Italian works. This work contains one of Handel 's favourite arias, Cara sposa, amante cara, and the famous Lascia ch'io pianga. In 1712, Handel decided to settle permanently in England. In Summer 1713 he lived at Mr Mathew Andrews in Barn Elms Surrey. He received a yearly income of £ 200 from Queen Anne after composing for her the Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate, first performed in 1713. One of his most important patrons was The 3rd Earl of Burlington and 4th Earl of Cork, a young and incredibly wealthy member of an Anglo - Irish aristocratic family. For the young Lord Burlington, Handel wrote Amadigi di Gaula, a magical opera, about a damsel in distress, based on the tragedy by Antoine Houdar de la Motte. The conception of an opera as a coherent structure was slow to capture Handel 's imagination and he composed no operas for five years. In July 1717 Handel 's Water Music was performed more than three times on the River Thames for the King and his guests. It is said the compositions spurred reconciliation between the King, supposedly annoyed by the composer 's abandonment of his Hanover post, and Handel. Cannons ( 1717 -- 18 ) Main article : Handel at Cannons `` The Chandos portrait of Georg Friedrich Händel '' by James Thornhill, c. 1720 In 1717 Handel became house composer at Cannons in Middlesex, where he laid the cornerstone for his future choral compositions in the twelve Chandos Anthems. Rolland wrote that these anthems ( or Psalms ) stood in relation to Handel 's oratorios, much the same way that the Italian cantatas stood to his operas : `` splendid sketches of the more monumental works. '' Another work, which he wrote for The 1st Duke of Chandos, the owner of Cannons, was Acis and Galatea : during Handel 's lifetime it was his most performed work. Winton Dean wrote, `` the music catches breath and disturbs the memory ''. In 1719 the Duke of Chandos became one of the composer 's important patrons and main subscribers to his new opera company, the Royal Academy of Music, but his patronage declined after Chandos lost money in the South Sea bubble, which burst in 1720 in one of history 's greatest financial cataclysms. Handel himself invested in South Sea stock in 1716, when prices were low and sold before 1720. Royal Academy of Music ( 1719 -- 34 ) Main article : Royal Academy of Music ( company ) Handel House at 25 Brook Street, Mayfair, London In May 1719, The 1st Duke of Newcastle, the Lord Chamberlain, ordered Handel to look for new singers. Handel travelled to Dresden to attend the newly built opera. He saw Teofane by Antonio Lotti, and engaged members of the cast for the Royal Academy of Music, founded by a group of aristocrats to assure themselves a constant supply of baroque opera or opera seria. Handel may have invited John Smith, his fellow student in Halle, and his son Johann Christoph Schmidt, to become his secretary and amanuensis. By 1723 he had moved into a Georgian house at 25 Brook Street, which he rented for the rest of his life. This house, where he rehearsed, copied music and sold tickets, is now the Handel House Museum. During twelve months between 1724 and 1725, Handel wrote three outstanding and successful operas, Giulio Cesare, Tamerlano and Rodelinda. Handel 's operas are filled with da capo arias, such as Svegliatevi nel core. After composing Silete venti, he concentrated on opera and stopped writing cantatas. Scipio, from which the regimental slow march of the British Grenadier Guards is derived, was performed as a stopgap, waiting for the arrival of Faustina Bordoni. A musical portrait of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and his sisters by Philip Mercier, dated 1733, using Kew Palace as its plein - air backdrop The Queen 's Theatre in the Haymarket in London by William Capon In 1727 Handel was commissioned to write four anthems for the Coronation ceremony of King George II. One of these, Zadok the Priest, has been played at every British coronation ceremony since. In 1728 John Gay 's The Beggar 's Opera premiered at Lincoln 's Inn Fields Theatre and ran for 62 consecutive performances, the longest run in theatre history up to that time. After nine years the Royal Academy of Music ceased to function but Handel soon started a new company. The Queen 's Theatre at the Haymarket ( now Her Majesty 's Theatre ), established in 1705 by architect and playwright John Vanbrugh, quickly became an opera house. Between 1711 and 1739, more than 25 of Handel 's operas premièred there. In 1729 Handel became joint manager of the theatre with John James Heidegger. Handel travelled to Italy to engage new singers and also composed seven more operas, among them the comic masterpiece Partenope and the `` magic '' opera Orlando. After two commercially successful English oratorios Esther and Deborah, he was able to invest again in the South Sea Company. Handel reworked his Acis and Galatea which then became his most successful work ever. Handel failed to compete with the Opera of the Nobility, who engaged musicians such as Johann Adolph Hasse, Nicolo Porpora and the famous castrato Farinelli. The strong support by Frederick, Prince of Wales caused conflicts in the royal family. In March 1734 Handel composed a wedding anthem This is the day which the Lord hath made, and a serenata Parnasso in Festa for Anne of Hanover. Despite the problems the Opera of the Nobility was causing him at the time, Handel 's neighbour in Brook Street, Mary Delany, reported on a party she invited Handel to at her house on 12 April 1734 where he was in good spirits : I had Lady Rich and her daughter, Lady Cath. Hanmer and her husband, Mr. and Mrs. Percival, Sir John Stanley and my brother, Mrs. Donellan, Strada ( star soprano of Handel 's operas ) and Mr. Coot. Lord Shaftesbury begged of Mr. Percival to bring him, and being a profess 'd friend of Mr. Handel ( who was here also ) was admitted ; I never was so well entertained at an opera ! Mr. Handel was in the best humour in the world, and played lessons and accompanied Strada and all the ladies that sang from seven o'clock till eleven. I gave them tea and coffee, and about half an hour after nine had a salver brought in of chocolate, mulled white wine and biscuits. Everybody was easy and seemed pleased. Opera at Covent Garden ( 1734 -- 41 ) Interior of the Covent Garden Theatre in London In 1733 the Earl of Essex received a letter with the following sentence : `` Handel became so arbitrary a prince, that the Town murmurs ''. The board of chief investors expected Handel to retire when his contract ended, but Handel immediately looked for another theatre. In cooperation with John Rich he started his third company at Covent Garden Theatre. Rich was renowned for his spectacular productions. He suggested Handel use his small chorus and introduce the dancing of Marie Sallé, for whom Handel composed Terpsicore. In 1735 he introduced organ concertos between the acts. For the first time Handel allowed Gioacchino Conti, who had no time to learn his part, to substitute arias. Financially, Ariodante was a failure, although he introduced ballet suites at the end of each act. Alcina, his last opera with a magic content, and Alexander 's Feast or the Power of Music based on John Dryden 's Alexander 's Feast starred Anna Maria Strada del Pò and John Beard. In April 1737, at age 52, Handel apparently suffered a stroke which disabled the use of four fingers on his right hand, preventing him from performing. In summer the disorder seemed at times to affect his understanding. Nobody expected that Handel would ever be able to perform again. But whether the affliction was rheumatism, a stroke or a nervous breakdown, he recovered remarkably quickly. To aid his recovery, Handel had travelled to Aachen, a spa in Germany. During six weeks he took long hot baths, and ended up playing the organ for a surprised audience. It was even possible for him to write one of his most popular operas, Serse ( including the famous aria Ombra mai fù, better known as `` Handel 's largo '', he wrote for the famous castrato Caffarelli ), just one year after his stroke. Deidamia, his last opera, a co-production with the Earl of Holderness, was performed three times in 1741. Handel gave up the opera business, while he enjoyed more success with his English oratorios. Oratorio Further information : List of compositions by George Frideric Handel § Oratorios Handel by Philip Mercier Il trionfo del tempo e del disinganno, an allegory, Handel 's first oratorio was composed in Italy in 1707, followed by La resurrezione in 1708 which uses material from the Bible. The circumstances of Esther and its first performance, possibly in 1718, are obscure. Another 12 years had passed when an act of piracy caused him to take up Esther once again. Three earlier performances aroused such interest that they naturally prompted the idea of introducing it to a larger public. Next came Deborah, strongly coloured by the Coronation Anthems and Athaliah, his first English Oratorio. In these three oratorios Handel laid the foundation for the traditional use of the chorus which marks his later oratorios. Handel became sure of himself, broader in his presentation, and more diverse in his composition. It is evident how much he learned from Arcangelo Corelli about writing for instruments, and from Alessandro Scarlatti about writing for the solo voice ; but there is no single composer who taught him how to write for chorus. Handel tended more and more to replace Italian soloists by English ones. The most significant reason for this change was the dwindling financial returns from his operas. Thus a tradition was created for oratorios which was to govern their future performance. The performances were given without costumes and action ; the singers appeared in their own clothes. Caricature of Handel by Joseph Goupy ( 1754 ) In 1736 Handel produced Alexander 's Feast. John Beard appeared for the first time as one of Handel 's principal singers and became Handel 's permanent tenor soloist for the rest of Handel 's life. The piece was a great success and it encouraged Handel to make the transition from writing Italian operas to English choral works. In Saul, Handel was collaborating with Charles Jennens and experimenting with three trombones, a carillon and extra-large military kettledrums ( from the Tower of London ), to be sure ``... it will be most excessive noisy ''. Saul and Israel in Egypt both from 1739 head the list of great, mature oratorios, in which the da capo aria became the exception and not the rule. Israel in Egypt consists of little else but choruses, borrowing from the Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline. In his next works Handel changed his course. In these works he laid greater stress on the effects of orchestra and soloists ; the chorus retired into the background. L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato has a rather diverting character ; the work is light and fresh. During the summer of 1741, The 3rd Duke of Devonshire invited Handel to Dublin, capital of the Kingdom of Ireland, to give concerts for the benefit of local hospitals. His Messiah was first performed at the New Music Hall in Fishamble Street on 13 April 1742, with 26 boys and five men from the combined choirs of St Patrick 's and Christ Church cathedrals participating. Handel secured a balance between soloists and chorus which he never surpassed. Hallelujah Chorus, from Messiah ( 1741 ) Arrival of the Queen of Sheba, from Solomon ( 1748 ) Problems playing these files ? See media help. In 1747 Handel wrote his oratorio Alexander Balus. This work was produced at Covent Garden Theatre in London, on 23 March 1748, and to the aria Hark ! hark ! He strikes the golden lyre, Handel wrote the accompaniment for mandolin, harp, violin, viola, and violoncello. Another of his English oratorios, Solomon, was first performed on 17 March 1749 at the Covent Garden Theatre. Solomon contains a short and lively instrumental passage for two oboes and strings in act 3, known as `` The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba ''. The use of English soloists reached its height at the first performance of Samson. The work is highly theatrical. The role of the chorus became increasingly important in his later oratorios. Jephtha was first performed on 26 February 1752 ; even though it was his last oratorio, it was no less a masterpiece than his earlier works. Later years Handel in 1733, by Balthasar Denner ( 1685 -- 1749 ) In 1749 Handel composed Music for the Royal Fireworks ; 12,000 people attended the first performance. In 1750 he arranged a performance of Messiah to benefit the Foundling Hospital. The performance was considered a great success and was followed by annual concerts that continued throughout his life. In recognition of his patronage, Handel was made a governor of the Hospital the day after his initial concert. He bequeathed a copy of Messiah to the institution upon his death. His involvement with the Foundling Hospital is today commemorated with a permanent exhibition in London 's Foundling Museum, which also holds the Gerald Coke Handel Collection. In addition to the Foundling Hospital, Handel also gave to a charity that assisted impoverished musicians and their families. In August 1750, on a journey back from Germany to London, Handel was seriously injured in a carriage accident between The Hague and Haarlem in the Netherlands. In 1751 one eye started to fail. The cause was a cataract which was operated on by the great charlatan Chevalier Taylor. This did not improve his eyesight, but possibly made it worse. He was completely blind by 1752. He died in 1759 at home in Brook Street, at age 74. The last performance he attended was of Messiah. Handel was buried in Westminster Abbey. More than three thousand mourners attended his funeral, which was given full state honours. Handel never married, and kept his personal life private. His initial will bequeathed the bulk of his estate to his niece Johanna, however four codicils distributed much of his estate to other relations, servants, friends and charities. Handel owned an art collection that was auctioned posthumously in 1760. The auction catalogue listed approximately seventy paintings and ten prints ( other paintings were bequeathed ). Works Main articles : List of compositions by George Frideric Handel and List of operas by Handel Senesino, the famous castrato from Siena Handel 's compositions include 42 operas, 29 oratorios, more than 120 cantatas, trios and duets, numerous arias, chamber music, a large number of ecumenical pieces, odes and serenatas, and 16 organ concerti. His most famous work, the oratorio Messiah with its `` Hallelujah '' chorus, is among the most popular works in choral music and has become the centrepiece of the Christmas season. The Lobkowicz Palace in Prague holds Mozart 's copy of Messiah, complete with handwritten annotations. Among the works with opus numbers published and popularised in his lifetime are the Organ Concertos Op. 4 and Op. 7, together with the Opus 3 and Opus 6 concerti grossi ; the latter incorporate an earlier organ concerto The Cuckoo and the Nightingale in which birdsong is imitated in the upper registers of the organ. Also notable are his sixteen keyboard suites, especially The Harmonious Blacksmith. Handel introduced previously uncommon musical instruments in his works : the viola d'amore and violetta marina ( Orlando ), the lute ( Ode for St. Cecilia 's Day ), three trombones ( Saul ), clarinets or small high cornetts ( Tamerlano ), theorbo, French horn ( Water Music ), lyrichord, double bassoon, viola da gamba, carillon ( bell chimes ), positive organ, and harp ( Giulio Cesare, Alexander 's Feast ). Catalogues The first published catalogue of Handel 's works appeared as an appendix to Mainwaring 's Memoirs. Between 1787 and 1797 Samuel Arnold compiled a 180 - volume collection of Handel 's works -- however it was far from complete. Also incomplete was the collection produced between 1843 and 1858 by the English Handel Society ( founded by Sir George Macfarren ). The 105 - volume Händel - Gesellschaft ( `` Handel Society '' ) edition was published between 1858 and 1902 -- mainly due to the efforts of Friedrich Chrysander. For modern performance, the realisation of the basso continuo reflects 19th century practice. Vocal scores drawn from the edition were published by Novello in London, but some scores, such as the vocal score to Samson are incomplete. The continuing Hallische Händel - Ausgabe edition was first inaugurated in 1955 in the Halle region in Saxony - Anhalt, Eastern Germany. It did not start as a critical edition, but after heavy criticism of the first volumes, which were performing editions without a critical apparatus ( for example, the opera Serse was published with the title character recast as a tenor reflecting pre-war German practice ), it repositioned itself as a critical edition. Influenced in part by cold - war realities, editorial work was inconsistent : misprints are found in abundance and editors failed to consult important sources. In 1985 a committee was formed to establish better standards for the edition. The unification of Germany in 1990 removed communication problems, and the volumes issued have since shown a significant improvement in standards. Between 1978 and 1986 the German academic Bernd Baselt catalogued Handel 's works in his Händel - Werke - Verzeichnis publication. The catalogue has achieved wide acceptance and is used as the modern numbering system, with each of Handel 's works designated an `` HWV '' number, for example Messiah is catalogued as `` HWV 56 ''. Legacy A Masquerade at the King 's Theatre, Haymarket ( c. 1724 ) Handel 's works were collected and preserved by two men : Sir Samuel Hellier, a country squire whose musical acquisitions form the nucleus of the Shaw - Hellier Collection, and the abolitionist Granville Sharp. The catalogue accompanying the National Portrait Gallery exhibition marking the tercentenary of the composer 's birth calls them two men of the late eighteenth century `` who have left us solid evidence of the means by which they indulged their enthusiasm ''. With his English oratorios, such as Messiah and Solomon, the Coronation Anthems, and other works including Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks, Handel became a national icon in Britain, and featured in the BBC series, The Birth of British Music : Handel - The Conquering Hero. A carved marble statue of Handel at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, created in 1738 by Louis - François Roubiliac After his death, Handel 's Italian operas fell into obscurity, except for selections such as the aria from Serse, `` Ombra mai fù ''. The oratorios continued to be performed but not long after Handel 's death they were thought to need some modernisation, and Mozart orchestrated a German version of Messiah and other works. Throughout the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, particularly in the Anglophone countries, his reputation rested primarily on his English oratorios, which were customarily performed by choruses of amateur singers on solemn occasions. The centenary of his death, in 1859, was celebrated by a performance of Messiah at The Crystal Palace, involving 2,765 singers and 460 instrumentalists, who played for an audience of about 10,000 people. Recent decades have revived his secular cantatas and what one might call ' secular oratorios ' or ' concert operas '. Of the former, Ode for St. Cecilia 's Day ( 1739 ) ( set to texts by John Dryden ) and Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne ( 1713 ) are noteworthy. For his secular oratorios, Handel turned to classical mythology for subjects, producing such works as Acis and Galatea ( 1719 ), Hercules ( 1745 ) and Semele ( 1744 ). These works have a close kinship with the sacred oratorios, particularly in the vocal writing for the English - language texts. They also share the lyrical and dramatic qualities of Handel 's Italian operas. As such, they are sometimes performed onstage by small chamber ensembles. With the rediscovery of his theatrical works, Handel, in addition to his renown as instrumentalist, orchestral writer, and melodist, is now perceived as being one of opera 's great musical dramatists. The original form of his name, Georg Friedrich Händel, is generally used in Germany and elsewhere, but he is known as `` Haendel '' in France. A different composer, Jacob Handl or Händl ( 1550 -- 1591 ) is usually known by the Latin form Jacobus Gallus that appears in his publications. Reception Handel has generally been accorded high esteem by fellow composers, both in his own time and since. Bach attempted, unsuccessfully, to meet Handel while he was visiting Halle. Mozart is reputed to have said of him, `` Handel understands affect better than any of us. When he chooses, he strikes like a thunder bolt. '' To Beethoven he was `` the master of us all... the greatest composer that ever lived. I would uncover my head and kneel before his tomb. '' Beethoven emphasised above all the simplicity and popular appeal of Handel 's music when he said, `` Go to him to learn how to achieve great effects, by such simple means. '' Borrowings Since 1831, when William Crotch raised the issue in his Substance of Several Lectures on Music, scholars have extensively studied Handel 's `` borrowing '' of music from other composers. Summarising the field in 2005, Richard Taruskin wrote that Handel `` seems to have been the champion of all parodists, adapting both his own works and those of other composers in unparalleled numbers and with unparalleled exactitude. '' Among the composers whose music has been shown to have been re-used by Handel are Alessandro Stradella, Gottlieb Muffat, Alessandro Scarlatti, Domenico Scarlatti Giacomo Carissimi, Georg Philipp Telemann, Carl Heinrich Graun, Leonardo Vinci, Jacobus Gallus, Francesco Antonio Urio, Reinhard Keiser, Francesco Gasparini, Giovanni Bononcini, William Boyce, Agostino Steffani, Francesco Gasparini, Franz Johann Habermann, and numerous others. In an essay published in 1985, John H. Roberts demonstrated that Handel 's borrowings were unusually frequent even for his own era, enough to have been criticised by contemporaries ( notably Johann Mattheson ) ; Roberts suggested several reasons for Handel 's practice, including Handel 's attempts to make certain works sound more up - to - date and more radically, his `` basic lack of facility in inventing original ideas '' -- though Roberts took care to argue that this does not `` diminish Handel 's stature '', which should be `` judged not by his methods, still less by his motives in employing them, but solely by the effects he achieves. '' Homages The chorus, orchestra and organ in Westminster Abbey, London during the Handel Commemoration in 1784 After Handel 's death, many composers wrote works based on or inspired by his music. The first movement from Louis Spohr 's Symphony No. 6, Op. 116, `` The Age of Bach and Handel '', resembles two melodies from Handel 's Messiah. In 1797 Ludwig van Beethoven published the 12 Variations in G major on ' See the conqu'ring hero comes ' from Judas Maccabaeus by Handel, for cello and piano. In 1822 Beethoven composed The Consecration of the House overture, which also bears the influence of Handel. Guitar virtuoso Mauro Giuliani composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel, Op. 107 for guitar, based on Handel 's Suite No. 5 in E major, HWV 430, for harpsichord. Handel 's monument in Westminster Abbey with the plaque recording his commemoration in 1784 In 1861, using a theme from the second of Handel 's harpsichord suites, Johannes Brahms wrote the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, one of his most successful works ( praised by Richard Wagner ). Several works by the French composer Félix - Alexandre Guilmant use Handel 's themes, for example his March on a Theme by Handel uses a theme from Messiah. French composer and flautist Philippe Gaubert wrote his Petite marche for flute and piano based on the fourth movement of Handel 's Trio Sonata, Op. 5, No. 2, HWV 397. Argentine composer Luis Gianneo composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel for piano. In 1911, Australian - born composer and pianist Percy Grainger based one of his most famous works on the final movement of Handel 's Suite No. 5 in E major ( just like Giuliani ). He first wrote some variations on the theme, which he titled Variations on Handel 's ' The Harmonious Blacksmith '. Then he used the first sixteen bars of his set of variations to create Handel in the Strand, one of his most beloved pieces, of which he made several versions ( for example, the piano solo version from 1930 ). Arnold Schoenberg 's Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra in B - flat major ( 1933 ) was composed after Handel 's Concerto Grosso, Op. 6 / 7. Veneration Handel is honoured with a feast day on 28 July in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church, with Johann Sebastian Bach and Henry Purcell. In the Lutheran Calendar of Saints Handel and J.S. Bach share that date with Heinrich Schütz, and Handel and Bach are commemorated in the calendar of saints prepared by the Order of Saint Luke for the use of the United Methodist Church. Fictional depictions Main page : Category : George Frideric Handel in fiction In 1942, Handel was the subject of the British biopic The Great Mr. Handel directed by Norman Walker and starring Wilfrid Lawson. It was made at Denham Studios by the Rank Organisation, and shot in technicolour. He is also the central character in the television films God Rot Tunbridge Wells ! ( 1985 ) and Handel 's Last Chance ( 1996 ) and the stage play All the Angels ( 2015 ). See also Classical music portal Opera portal Music portal Biography portal Book : Georg Friedrich Händel Handel Reference Database Letters and writings of George Frideric Handel List of compositions by George Frideric Handel List of operas by Handel Publications by Friedrich Chrysander Valentine Snow Will of George Frideric Handel Drexel 5856 Notes, references and sources Notes Jump up ^ `` Handel '' entry in Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1998, gives the common variant `` George Frederick '' ( used in his will and on his funeral monument ) alongside the pronunciation of his last name. The spelling `` Frideric '' is used on his 1727 application for British citizenship. Jump up ^ According to baptismal records in Halle 's parish church, the Lutheran Marktkirche Unser Lieben Frauen. The records of that church also show that the family name was spelled on various occasions at least four other ways : Hendel, Händeler, Hendeler and Hendtler, but most commonly Händel. In Italy he spelled it Hendel, as it is pronounced in German. From the time he arrived in England, however, he consistently signed his name as George Frideric Handel. Jump up ^ Handel 's tomb in Westminster has the incorrect birth date of 24 February 1684. Jump up ^ Among the court musicians of Halle were Samuel Scheidt ( who also was organist at the Moritzkirche ), William Brade and Michael Praetorius. Jump up ^ Halle also was noted for the quality of its organ - builders. In 1712, Bach was intrigued by the organ at Marktkirche, and applied for the position that Zachow, Handel 's teacher, vacated. He decided on Weimar, however. Jump up ^ This barber, Andreas Berger, happened to be the son - in - law of English émigré William Brade, court musician to Augustus in Weissenfels. Jump up ^ Both Landon and Hogwood point out and to the extent possible correct the more obvious misstatements of facts and dates and inconsistencies of Mainwaring. See Landon 1984, pp. 9 -- 19 ; Hogwood 1984, pp. 11 -- 17. Jump up ^ Schoelcher suggests that Handel 's `` doctor '' father observed Handel making musical sounds even before he could talk and this in the eyes of the son of a coppersmith `` discovered instincts of so low an order... '' Jump up ^ The year and purpose of the visit and why the meeting occurred is variously given. Schoelcher and Bone have it that Handel was seven and they were visiting a son by Georg 's first marriage, who was in service to he Duke. Friedrich Chrysander states that they were visiting the younger Handel 's nephew, Carl ( ten years his senior ) who was the Duke 's valet. Lang writes that Handel was nine and Handel 's father, holding a court position, must have frequently travelled to Weissenfels, where the Duke had established a residence after Prussia had annexed the city of Halle. Young Handel was taken along because he could be cared for by relatives of his late wife. Jump up ^ His cantatas, often highly dramatic, are distinguished by very imaginative choral writing, colorful orchestration, and skilful handling of the concerted element. '' Jump up ^ Handel not only applied Kerll 's techniques and phrases in later compositions, he imported an entire movement composed by Kerll into Israel in Egypt. Jump up ^ There was no `` king '' in Berlin until 18 January 1701 when Frederick III, the Elector of Brandenburg, became Frederick I, the first King in Prussia. Jump up ^ Among the careful authorities who accepted the trip taking place in 1698 were Handel 's friend Johann Mattheson and Burney. Jump up ^ Records of the Marktkirche show that he took communion there in April of the years 1701 -- 3. Jump up ^ Handel was required by the terms of his appointment, among other things, `` to play the organ fittingly at Divine Service, and for this purpose to pre-intone the prescribed Psalms and Spritual Songs, and to have due care to whatever might be needful to the support of beautiful harmony... '' Jump up ^ The first mention of Handel from the time he took his last communion at the Marktkirche on 23 April is in Mattheson 's annotated translation of Mainwaring ( published in 1761 ) where he writes that he met Handel in the Organ loft of the Church of St. Mary Magdalena in Hamburg. In his earlier Grunlage ( publsihed in 1740 ), he fixes the date as 9 July. Jump up ^ Mainwaring gives the cryptic explanation that since he had to earn a living from his profession, he had to find a place less distant than Berlin. Given that Hamburg 's opera house was second only to Berlin 's in repute, `` it was resolved to send him thither on his own bottom, and chiefly with a view to improvement. '' The passage suggests that Handel had already determined on secular dramatic music as a career, but who it was `` to send him thither '' is not explained. Jump up ^ In 2000, the upper stories of 25 Brook Street were leased to the Handel House Trust, and after extensive restoration, the Handel House Museum opened to the public with an events programme of baroque music. References Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, pp. 1 -- 2. Jump up ^ Hicks 1998, p. 614. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, p. 2. Jump up ^ `` British Citizen by Act of Parliament : George Frideric Handel ''. Parliament.uk. 14 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2012. Jump up ^ Dean 1969, p. 19. Jump up ^ Buelow 2004, p. 476. Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 1 Jump up ^ Adams & Hofestädt 2005, pp. 144 -- 6. ^ Jump up to : Adams & Hofestädt 2005, p. 144. Jump up ^ Adams & Hofestädt 2005, p. 144 ; Burrows 1994, p. 1. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 1. ^ Jump up to : Lang 1966, p. 20. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 1 - 2. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, pp. 25 -- 26. Jump up ^ Adams & Hofestädt 205, p. 144. ^ Jump up to : Lang 1966, p. 10. Jump up ^ Adams & Hofestädt 205, pp. 144 -- 45. Jump up ^ Landon 1984, p. 9. Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 6. Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 2 ; Landon 1984, p. 9. Jump up ^ Dreyhaupt 1755, p. 625. Jump up ^ Maitland & Squire 1890, p. 277. Jump up ^ Landon 1984, p. 10 ; Schoelcher 1857, p. 7 n. 1. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, p. 3. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, pp. 4 -- 5. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, p. 5. Jump up ^ Schoelcher, p. 4. ^ Jump up to : Lang 1966, p. 11. Jump up ^ Dent 2004, pp. 3 -- 4. ^ Jump up to : Schoelcher 1857, p. 5. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, p. 4 ; Bone 1914, p. 141. Jump up ^ Chrysander 1858 : Buch 1 : 2. Kindheit. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, pp. 4 -- 5 ; Bone 1914, p. 141 ; Lang 1966, p. 11. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 11 ; Bone, p. 141 ; Schoelcher 1857, p. 5. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, pp. 11 -- 12. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 12 ; Landon 1984, p. 15. See also Seiffert, Max ( 1905 ). `` Preface to Volumes 21, 21 ( Zachow ) ''. Denkmäler deutscher Tonkunst. Leipzig : Breitkopf & Härte. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, pp. 5 -- 6. See also Bone 1914, pp. 141 -- 42. ^ Jump up to : Schoelcher 1857, p. 6. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 12. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 14. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, pp. 13 -- 16. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, p. 15. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, p. 16. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1790, p. 18. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, p. 6 ; Deutsch 1955, pp. 5 -- 6 ( inscription on Georg Händel 's tombstone ). ^ Jump up to : Lang 1966, p. 19. Jump up ^ Deutch 1955, pp. 6 -- 8 ( containing the poem and English translation ). Jump up ^ Miainwaring 1760, p. 18. Jump up ^ Landon 1984, p. 30 n. 5. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, pp. 24 -- 25. ^ Jump up to : Mainwaring 1760, p. 29. Jump up ^ Lang, 1966 & p166. Jump up ^ Schoelcher 1857, pp. 6 -- 7. Jump up ^ Landon 1984, p. 31 n. 8. Jump up ^ Landon 1984, p. 31 n. 7. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 166. Jump up ^ Landon, pp. 31 n. 7 & 53. Jump up ^ Dean 1982, p. 2 ; Deutsch, p. 8. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 20 ; Dent 1982, p. 2. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, pp. 20 -- 21. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 21. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 10 ; Deutsch 1955, pp. 8, 9, 10. Jump up ^ Dent 1982, p. 2. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 20. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 10 -- 11 translating Mattheson 1740, p. 359. ^ Jump up to : Deutsch 1955, p. 9. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 22 n. 2. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 22 translating Mattheson 1740, p. 93. Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 4 n. 1. ^ Jump up to : Lang 1966, p. 23. Jump up ^ Hogwood 1988, p. 21. Jump up ^ Best 1985, pp. 486 -- 89. Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 10. Jump up ^ Mattheson 1740, pp. 29, 191. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, pp. 27 -- 28. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 11 -- 13. Jump up ^ Lang 1966, p. 26. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 12. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 18 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 19 Jump up ^ Handel as Orpheus : voice and desire in the chamber cantatas by Ellen T. Harris, books.google.com Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 29 -- 30 Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, p. 52. Jump up ^ Dean & Knapp 1987, p. 129 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 38 Jump up ^ Dean & Knapp 1987, pp. 173, 180 Jump up ^ Wikisource Jump up ^ George Frideric Handel : Volume 1, 1609 -- 1725 : Collected Documents edited by Donald Burrows, Helen Coffey, John Greenacombe, Anthony Hicks Jump up ^ National Portrait Gallery, p. 88 Jump up ^ There is a tantalising suggestion by Handel 's biographer, Jonathan Keates, that he may have come to London in 1710 and settled in 1712 as a spy for the eventual Hanoverian successor to Queen Anne. news.bbc.co.uk Jump up ^ National Portrait Gallery, p. 92 Jump up ^ Dean & Knapp 1987, p. 286 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 77. Jump up ^ Bukofzer 1947, pp. 333 -- 35. Jump up ^ Rolland 1916, p. 71. Jump up ^ Dean & Knapp 1987, p. 209 Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, pp. 70 -- 71 Jump up ^ `` Handel 's Finances '', on bbc.co.uk Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 89 Jump up ^ Dean 2006, p. 226 According to Dean they could not have reached London before 1716. In 1743, Smith wrote in a letter that he had been in Handel 's service for 24 years. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 387 Jump up ^ Deutsch 1955, p. 194 Jump up ^ Imogen Levy ( 2 June 1953 ). `` Guide to the Coronation Service ''. Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 28 May 2012. Jump up ^ `` '' Longest running Plays in London and New York ``, Stage Beauty ''. Jump up ^ theatrical monopoly in Banham, Martin The Cambridge guide to theatre pp. 1105 ( Cambridge University Press, 1995 ) ISBN 0 - 521 - 43437 - 8 Jump up ^ Handel 's Compositions GFHandel.org, Retrieved 21 December 2007 Jump up ^ Dent, Edward J., Handel, Hardpress Publishing, ( 2010 ) ISBN 978 - 1407651415 Jump up ^ Dent 2004, p. 33 Jump up ^ `` Synopsis of Arianna in Creta ''. Handelhouse.org. Handel House Museum. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014. Jump up ^ Dean 2006, pp. 274 -- 84 Jump up ^ Dean 2006, p. 288 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 395. Jump up ^ Dean 2006, p. 283 Jump up ^ For new insights on this episode, see Ilias Chrissochoidis : `` Handel Recovering : Fresh Light on his Affairs in 1737 '', Eighteenth - Century Music 5 / 2 ( 2008 ) : 237 -- 44. Jump up ^ Deutsche Oper am Rhein : `` Xerxes '', a book issued in 2015, containing information concerning the original opera, as well as a contemporary production Jump up ^ Wikipedia page Serse Jump up ^ A New Chronology of Venetian Opera and Related Genres, 1660 -- 1760 by Eleanor Selfridge - Field, p. 492 ^ Jump up to : Hicks 2013. Jump up ^ Marx 1998, p. 243. Jump up ^ National Portrait Gallery, p. 157 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 15 Handels Messiah. A distinguished authority on Handel discusses the origins, composition, and sources of one of the great choral works of western civilization. Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 26 Jump up ^ Marx 1998, p. 48. Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 66 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 49 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 40 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 33 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, p. 217. Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 37 Jump up ^ National Portrait Gallery, p. 165 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, pp. 16, 39 -- 41 Jump up ^ Larsen 1972, p. 78 Jump up ^ Dent 2004, pp. 40 -- 41 Jump up ^ Young 1966, p. 48 Jump up ^ Bone 1914, pp. 142_44. Jump up ^ `` G.F. Handel 's Compositions ''. The Handel Institute. Retrieved 28 September 2013. Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 354 -- 55 Jump up ^ Burrows 1994, pp. 297 -- 98 Jump up ^ Young 1966, p. 56 Jump up ^ Dent 2004, p. 63 Jump up ^ Young 1966, p. 60 Jump up ^ The Letters and Writings of George Frideric Handel by Erich H. Müller, 1935 ^ Jump up to : `` Handel as art collector -- Thomas McGeary ''. Em.oxfordjournals.org. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012. Jump up ^ Textbook in CD Sacred Arias with Harp & Harp Duets by Rachel Ann Morgan & Edward Witsenburg. Jump up ^ Mainwaring 1760, pp. 145 -- 55. Jump up ^ Dean 1982, p. 116. Jump up ^ The Halle Handel Edition. `` A short history of editing Handel ''. Retrieved 3 December 2011. Jump up ^ Best, Terence, ed. Handel collections and their history, a collection of conference papers given by the international panel of distinguished Handel scholars. Clarendon Press, 1993 Jump up ^ Prince Hoare, ed. ( 1820 ). Memoirs of Granville Sharp. Colburn. p. XII... he had a voluminous collection of Handel 's scores... Jump up ^ Jacob Simon ( 1985 ). Handel, a celebration of his life and times, 1685 -- 1759. p. 239. National Portrait Gallery ( Great Britain ) Jump up ^ `` The Birth of British Music : Handel - The Conquering Hero ''. BBC. 24 September 2017. Jump up ^ Blyth, Alan ( 2007 ). Choral Music on Record. Cambridge University Press. p. 82. Jump up ^ `` BBC Press Release ''. Bbc.co.uk. 13 January 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2012. Jump up ^ Dent 2004, p. 23 ^ Jump up to : Young, Percy Marshall ( 1 April 1975 ) ( 1947 ). Handel ( Master Musician series ). J.M. Dent & Sons. p. 254. ISBN 0 - 460 - 03161 - 9. Jump up ^ Richard Taruskin, The Oxford History of Western Music, Oxford University Press, 2005, vol. 2, chapter 26, p. 329, ISBN 0195222717 Jump up ^ Alexander Silbiger, `` Scarlatti Borrowings in Handel 's Grand Concertos '', The Musical Times, v. 125, 1984, pp. 93 -- 94 Jump up ^ A comprehensive bibliography through 2005 can be found in Mary Anne Parker, G.F. Handel : A Guide to Research, Routledge, 2005, ISBN 1136783598, pp. 114 -- 135 Jump up ^ John H. Roberts, `` Why Did Handel Borrow ? '', in Handel : Tercentary Collection, edited by Stanley Sadie and Anthony Hicks, Royal Musical Association, 1985, pp. 83 -- 92, ISBN 0 - 8357 - 1833 - 6 Jump up ^ Auner Joseph H. ( 1996 ), `` Schoenberg 's Handel Concerto and the Ruins of Tradition '', Journal of the American Musicological Society, 49 : 264 -- 313 Jump up ^ For All the Saints : A Calendar of Commemorations for United Methodists, ed. by Clifton F. Guthrie ( Order of Saint Luke Publications, 1995, ISBN 1 - 878009 - 25 - 7 ) p. 161. Sources Adams, Aileen K. ; Hofestädt, B. ( August 2005 ). `` Georg Händel ( 1622 - 97 ) : The Barber - Surgeon Father of George Frideric Handel ( 1685 - 1759 ) ''. Journal of Medical Biography. 13 : 142 -- 49. PMID 16059526. Best, Terence ( November 1985 ). `` Handel 's Chamber Music : Sources, Chronologyand Authenticity ''. Early Music. 13 ( 4 ) : 476 -- 99. Retrieved 16 February 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Bone, Philip J. ( 1914 ). The Guitar and Mandolin : Biographies of Celebrated Players and Composers for these Instruments. London : Schott & Co. Buelow, George J. ( 2004 ). A History of Baroque Music. Bloomington, Indiana : Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253343658. Bukofzer, Manfred F. ( 1947 ). ' Music in the Baroque Era -- From Monteverdi To Bach. New York : W.W. Norton. ISBN 0393097455. Burrows, Donald ( 1994 ). Handel. Oxford University Press. ISBN 019816470X. Burrows, Donald ( 1997 ). The Cambridge Companion to Handel. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521456134. Chrissochoidis, Ilias. `` Early Reception of Handel 's Oratorios, 1732 -- 1784 : Narrative -- Studies -- Documents '' ( PhD dissertation, Stanford University, 2004 ), available through UMI. Chrissochoidis, Ilias ( Spring 2009 ). `` ' True Merit Always Envy Rais 'd ' : The ' Advice to Mr. Handel ' ( 1739 ) and ' Israel in Egypt 's ' Early Reception ''. The Musical Times. 150 ( 1906 ) : 69 -- 86. Retrieved 15 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Chrissochoidis, Ilias ( November 2009 ). `` Handel at a Crossroads : His 1737 -- 1738 and 1738 -- 1739 Seasons Re-Examined ''. Music & Letters. 90 ( 4 ) : 599 -- 635. Retrieved 15 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Chrissochoidis, Ilias ( November 2009 ). `` Handel, Hogarth, Goupy : Artistic intersections in Handelian biography ''. Early Music. 37 ( 4 ) : 577 -- 96. Retrieved 15 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Chrissochoidis, Ilias. `` ' hee - haw... llelujah ' : Handel among the Vauxhall Asses ( 1732 ) '', Eighteenth - Century Music 7 / 2 ( September 2010 ), 221 -- 2 62. Chrissochoidis, Ilias ( 2011 ). `` Reforming Handel : John Brown and `` The Cure of Saul '' ( 1763 ) ``. Journal of the Royal Musical Association. 136 ( 2 ) : 207 -- 45. Retrieved 15 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Chrysander, Friedrich ( 1858 ). G.F. Händel. 1. Leipzig : Breitkopf & Härtel. Consisting of three volumes ( separately hosted online by zeno.org ) : Buch 1 : Jugendzeit und Lehrjahre in Deutschland ( 1685 -- 1706 ) ; Buch 2 : Die große Wanderung ( 1707 -- 1720 ). Chrysander, Friedrich ( 1860 ). G.F. Händel. 2. Leipzig : Breitkopf & Härtel. Buch 3 : Zwanzig Jahre bei der italienischen Oper in London. Chrysander, Friedrich ( 1867 ). G.F. Händel. 3. Leipzig : Breitkopf & Härtel. Buch 4 : Uebergang zum Oratorium. Dean, Winton ( 1969 ). Handel and the Opera Seria. Berkeley, California : University of California Press. ISBN 978 - 0520014381. Dean, Winton ( 1982 ). The New Grove Handel. New York : W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0393300862. Dean, Winton ; Knapp, John Merrill ( 1987 ). Handel 's Operas, 1704 -- 1726. 1. Oxford : Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198164416. Dean, Winton ( 2006 ). Handel 's Operas, 1726 -- 1741. The Boydell Press. Dent, Edward Joseph ( 2004 ). Handel. RA Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1419122754. Deutsch, Otto Erich ( 1955 ). Handel : A Documentary Biography. London : Adam and Charles Black. Dreyhaupt, Johann Christoph von ( 1755 ). Pagus neletici et nudzici oder ausführliche diplomatisch - historische Beschreibun des... Saal - Creises. 2. Halle : Verlag des Waysenhauses. Frosch, William A. ( 14 September 1989 ). `` The Case of George Frideric Handel ''. New England Journal of Medicine. 321 : 765 -- 69. doi : 10.1056 / NEJM198909143211120. Frosch, William A. ( 1990 ). `` Moods, Madness, and Music. II. Was Handel Insane ? ''. The Musical Quarterly. 74 ( 1 ) : 31 -- 56. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Harris, Ellen T. ( Autumn 1980 ). `` The Italian in Handel ''. Journal of the American Musicological Society. 33 ( 3 ) : 468 -- 500. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Harris, Ellen T., ed. ( 1989 ). The Librettos of Handel 's Operas : A Collection of Seventy Librettos Documenting Handel 's Operatic Career. New York : Garland. ISBN 0824038622. Harris, Ellen T. ( Summer 1990 ). `` Integrity and Improvisation in the Music of Handel ''. The Journal of Musicology. 8 ( 3 ) : 301 -- 15. doi : 10.2307 / 763784. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Harris, Ellen T. ( 2001 ). Handel as Orpheus. Voice and Desire in the Chamber Cantatas. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674006178. Harris, Ellen T. ( November 2004 ). `` Handel the Investor ''. Music & Letters. 85 ( 4 ) : 521 -- 75. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Harris, Ellen T. ( August 2010 ). `` Courting Gentility : Handel at the Bank of England ''. Music & Letters. 91 ( 3 ) : 357 -- 75. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Hicks, Anthony ( 1976 -- 1977 ). `` Handel 's Early Musical Development ''. Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. 103 : 80 -- 89. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Hicks, Anthony ( 2013 ), `` Handel, George Frideric '', Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, ( Subscription required ( help ) ) Hicks, Anthony ( 1998 ). `` Handel, George Frederick ''. In Sadie, Stanley. The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. 2. London : MacMillan Publishers. pp. 614 -- 26. ISBN 1561592285. Hogg, Katharine ( July -- September 2008 ). `` Handel and the Fundling Hospital : The Gerald Coke Handel Collection at the Foundling Museum ''. Fontes Artis Musicae. 55 ( 3 ) : 435 -- 47. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Hogwood, Christopher ( 1984 ). Handel. London : Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0500013551. Hume, Robert D. ( October 1986 ). `` Handel and Opera Management in London in the 1730s ''. Music & Letters. 67 ( 4 ) : 347 -- 62. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Hunter, David ( November 2001 ). `` Handel among the Jacobites ''. Music & Letters. 82 ( 4 ) : 543 -- 56. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Joncus, Berta ( 2006 ). Handel at Drury Lane : Ballad Opera and the Production of Kitty Clive. Journal of the Royal Musical Association. 131. pp. 179 -- 226. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Keates, Jonathan ( 1985 ). Handel : The Man and His Music. New York : St Martin 's Press. ISBN 0312358466. Keynes, Milo ( September 1982 ). `` Handel and His Illnesses ''. The Musical Times. 123 ( 1675 ) : 613 -- 14. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). King, Richard G. ( August 1991 ). `` Handel 's Travels in the Netherlands in 1750 ''. Music & Letters. 72 ( 3 ) : 372 -- 86. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Landon, H.C. Robbins ( 1984 ). Handel and his World. London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0297784986. Lang, Paul Henry ( 1966 ). George Frideric Handel. New York : W.W. Norton & Co. LCCN 66011793 / MN / r842. Larsen, J.P. ( 1972 ). Handel 's Messiah. London : Adams and Charles Black Limited. Leopold, Silke ( de ). Händel die Opern Bärenreiter 2009, ISBN 978 - 3761819913 MacArdle, Donald ( January 1960 ). `` Beethoven and Handel ''. Music & Letters. 41 ( 1 ) : 33 -- 37. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). McGeary, Thomas ( 2011 ). `` Handel and Homosexuality : Burlington House and Cannons Revisited ''. Journal of the Royal Musical Association. 136 ( 1 ) : 33 -- 71. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). McGeary, Thomas ( 2013 ). The Politics of Opera in Handel 's Britain. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 - 1107009882. Mainwaring, John ( 1760 ). Memoirs of the Life of the Late George Frederic Handel. London : Printed for R. and J. Dodsley. Maitland, J.A. Fuller ; Squire, W. Barclay ( 1890 ). `` Handel, George Friederick ''. In Stephen, Leslie ; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. XXIV Haile -- Harriott. New York : Macmillan and Co. pp. 277 -- 91. Marx, Hans Joachim ( 1998 ). Händels Oratorien, Oden und Serenaten : Ein Kompendium. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3525278152. Mattheson, Johann ( 1740 ). Grundlage einer Ehren - pforte, woran der tüchtigsten Capellmeister, Componisten, Musikgelehrten, Tonkünstler &c. Leben, Wercke, Verdienste &c. erscheinen sollen. Hamburg : For the author. Meynell, Hugo. The Art of Handel 's Operas, The Edwin Mellen Press ( 1986 ) ISBN 0889464251 National Portrait Gallery. Handel. A Celebration of his Life and Times 1685 -- 1759. Rolland, Romain ( 1916 ) ( 1910 ). Handel. Translated by Hull, A. Eaglefield. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Schoelcher, Victor ( 1857 ). The Life of Handel. Translated by Lowe, James. London : Robert Cocks & Co. Shedlock, J.S. ( 1 July 1901 ). `` Handel 's Borrowings ''. The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular. 42 ( 701 ) : 450 -- 52. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Shedlock, J.S. ( 1 August 1901 ). `` Handel 's Borrowings ( continued ) ''. The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular. 42 ( 702 ) : 526 -- 28. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Shedlock, J.S. ( 1 September 1901 ). `` Handel 's Borrowings ( concluded ) ''. The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular. 42 ( 703 ) : 596 -- 60. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Streatfeild, R.A. ( 1910 ). Handel ( Second ed. ). London : Methuen & Co. Winemiller, John T. ( Autumn 1997 ). `` Recontextualizing Handel 's Borrowing ''. The Journal of Musicology. 15 ( 4 ) : 444 -- 70. doi : 10.2307 / 764003. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Young, Percy Marshall ( 1966 ). Handel. New York : David White Company. White, Harry ( 1987 ). `` Handel in Dublin : A Note ''. Eighteenth - Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr. 2 : 182 -- 86. Retrieved 2 January 2017 -- via JSTOR. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). External links Find more aboutGeorge Frideric Handelat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource George Frideric Handel at Encyclopædia Britannica `` Handel material ''. BBC Radio 3 archives. Howell, Ian. `` How to Handle Spelling Händel ''. The Countertenor Voice ( February 2011 ). Howell, Ian. `` Guiding Handel 's Legacy : An Interview with Handel House Museum Director Sarah Bardwell ''. The Countertenor Voice ( May 2011 ). Works by George Frideric Handel at Project Gutenberg Works by or about George Frideric Handel at Internet Archive Works by George Frideric Handel at LibriVox ( public domain audiobooks ) Edward Dent 's Handel biography at Project Gutenberg The second volume of Winton Dean for `` Handel 's Operas '' covering the years 1726 -- 1741 Friedrich Chrysander 's Handel biography ( in German ) Biographical details web site Handel Houses : Händel - Haus in Halle, Saxony - Anhalt, Handel 's birthplace The Handel House Museum Handel 's home in London Handel Reference Database Digitized images of Old English Songs, containing works by Handel, housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Scores and recordings Free scores by George Frideric Handel in the Open Music Library Free scores by George Frideric Handel at the International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP ) : includes Complete Works Edition ( Ausgabe der Deutschen Händelgesellschaft ) Free scores by George Frideric Handel in the Choral Public Domain Library ( ChoralWiki ) The Mutopia Project provides free downloading of sheet music and MIDI files for some of Handel 's works. Free typeset sheet music of Handel 's works from Cantorion.org Handel cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Handel 's Sheet Music by free-scores.com Kunst der Fuge : George Frideric Handel -- MIDI files George Frideric Handel Operas Handel 's lost Hamburg operas Almira Florindo Rodrigo Agrippina Rinaldo Il pastor fido Teseo Silla Amadigi di Gaula Radamisto Muzio Scevola Floridante Ottone Flavio Giulio Cesare Tamerlano Rodelinda Scipione Alessandro Admeto Riccardo Primo Siroe Tolomeo Lotario Partenope Poro Ezio Sosarme Orlando Arianna in Creta Parnasso in festa Oreste Ariodante Alcina Atalanta Arminio Giustino Berenice Faramondo Alessandro Severo Serse Giove in Argo Imeneo Deidamia Acis and Galatea Opera excerpts `` Lascia ch'io pianga '' `` Ombra mai fu '' `` Svegliatevi nel core '' `` Va tacito e nascosto '' Incidental music The Alchemist Alceste Oratorios Il trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno / Il trionfo del Tempo e della Verità / The Triumph of Time and Truth La resurrezione Brockes Passion Esther Deborah Athalia Saul Israel in Egypt L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato Messiah Structure Part I Part II Part III Der Messias ( Mozart arr. ) Samson Semele Joseph and his Brethren Hercules Belshazzar Occasional Oratorio Judas Maccabaeus Joshua Alexander Balus Susanna Solomon Theodora The Choice of Hercules Jephtha Odes and masques Aci, Galatea e Polifemo Acis and Galatea Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne Alexander 's Feast Ode For St. Cecilia 's Day Cantatas Agrippina condotta a morire or Dunque sarà pur vero Allor ch'io dissi addio Aure soavi e lieti Clori, Tirsi e Fileno Dalla guerra amorosa Del bell'idolo mio Apollo e Dafne O lucenti, o sereni occhi Ero e Leandro Tra le fiamme ( Il consiglio ) Un ' alma innamorata Latin church music Dixit Dominus Gloria Nisi Dominus Salve Regina Anthems As Pants the Hart Zadok the Priest The Ways of Zion Do Mourn / Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline Sing Unto God / Anthem for the Wedding of Frederick, Prince of Wales Chandos Anthem No. 1 / Jubilate in D Major `` O, be joyful in the Lord '' Wedding anthem for Princess Anne Foundling Hospital Anthem Canticles Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate Dettingen Te Deum Queen Caroline Te Deum Oboe Oboe Concerto No. 3 Oboe Concerto No. 1 Oboe Concerto No. 2 Orchestral suites Water Music Music for the Royal Fireworks Flute, solo and XV solo sonatas 358 `` Fitzwilliam '' 359a 359b 360 361 362 363a 363b 364a 364b 365 366 367a 367b 368 369 370 371 372 Opus Organ concertos, Op. 4 Organ concertos, Op. 7 Concerti Grossi, Op. 3 Concerti grossi, Op. 6 Other Nabal Gideon Keyboard suite in D minor ( HWV 437 ) Catalogs and collections Handel Reference Database Händel - Werke - Verzeichnis Händel - Gesellschaft Hallische Händel - Ausgabe Festivals Göttingen Halle London Related articles Operas Compositions Letters and writings Will Handel at Cannons Handel House Museum Georg Händel Category : George Frideric Handel VIAF : 5126950 LCCN : n79129204 ISNI : 0000 0001 2275 9702 GND : 118544489 SELIBR : 206359 SUDOC : 027271706 BNF : cb139873218 ( data ) BIBSYS : 90051292 MusicBrainz : 27870d47 - bb98 - 42d1 - bf2b - c7e972e6befc NLA : 35167864 NDL : 00442362 NKC : jn19990003280 ICCU : IT ICCU CFIV 041049 BNE : XX1108806 IATH : w6668khj Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Frideric_Handel&oldid=804903527 '' Categories : George Frideric Handel 1685 births 1759 deaths 18th - century classical composers 18th - century German people 18th - century Protestants 18th - century keyboardists Anglican saints Baroque composers Burials at Westminster Abbey Classical composers of church music Composers for harp Composers for harpsichord Composers for pipe organ English Baroque composers English classical composers English classical organists English opera composers English male classical composers German Baroque composers German classical composers German classical organists German emigrants to England German emigrants to the Kingdom of Great Britain German opera composers German male classical composers Male opera composers Members of the Royal Society of Musicians Naturalised subjects of the Kingdom of Great Britain Oratorio composers Organ improvisers People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar People from Halle ( Saale ) People from the Duchy of Magdeburg Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from June 2013 Use British English from July 2011 Biography with signature Articles with hCards Articles containing German - 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Question: who was the german composer who went to england to write italian opera
Answer: George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel