Dogri language - wikipedia Dogri language Not to be confused with Dogrib language. Dogri डोगरी ڈوگرى ‬ ḍogrī Native to India, Pakistan Region Jammu, Samba, Kathua, Himachal Pradesh, Gurdaspur / Pathankot Punjab Ethnicity Dogras Native speakers 4.0 million ( 1996 -- 2001 census ) Language family Indo - European Indo - Iranian Indo - Aryan North - Western Dogri Writing system Devanagari, Perso - Arabic script Formerly Takri, Gurmukhi Official status Official language in India Language codes ISO 639 - 2 doi ISO 639 - 3 doi -- inclusive code Individual codes : dgo -- Dogri proper xnr -- Kangri Glottolog indo1311 Dogri language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Areas in India and Pakistan where Dogri and related dialects are spoken Dogri ( डोगरी or ڈوگری ‬ ), is an Indo - Aryan language spoken by about five million people in India and Pakistan, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, but also in northern Punjab, other parts of Jammu and Kashmir, and elsewhere. Dogri speakers are called Dogras, and the Dogri - speaking region is called Duggar. Although formerly treated as a Punjabi dialect, Dogri is now considered to be a member of the Western Pahari group of languages. The language is referred to as Pahari ( पहाड़ी or پہاڑی ‬ ) in Pakistan. Unusually for an Indo - European language, Dogri is tonal, a trait it shares with other Western Pahari languages and Punjabi. Dogri has several varieties, all with greater than 80 % lexical similarity ( within Jammu and Kashmir ). Before gaining language status, per the Census of India, Dogri was classified as one of the many varieties of Punjabi, such as Majhi or Doabi. Contents 1 Script 1.1 Unicode 2 Some common words 3 Tonality 4 Historical references 5 Theories on name origin 6 Recent history 7 See also 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External links Script Dogra Type Abugida Languages Dogrii Direction Left - to - right ISO 15924 Dogr, 328 Unicode alias Dogra Unicode range U + 11800 -- U + 1184F Dogri was originally written using the Dogri script which is very close to the Takri script. The language is now more commonly written in Devanagari in India, and in the Nastaʿliq form of Perso - Arabic in Pakistan and Pakistani - administered Kashmir. Unicode Main article : Dogra ( Unicode block ) Dogri script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2018 with the release of version 11.0. The Unicode block for Dogra is U + 11800 -- U + 1184F and it contains 60 characters : Dogra Official Unicode Consortium code chart ( PDF ) 0 5 6 7 8 9 U + 1180x 𑠀 𑠁 𑠂 𑠃 𑠄 𑠅 𑠆 𑠇 𑠈 𑠉 𑠊 𑠋 𑠌 𑠍 𑠎 𑠏 U + 1181x 𑠐 𑠑 𑠒 𑠓 𑠔 𑠕 𑠖 𑠗 𑠘 𑠙 𑠚 𑠛 𑠜 𑠝 𑠞 𑠟 U + 1182x 𑠠 𑠡 𑠢 𑠣 𑠤 𑠥 𑠦 𑠧 𑠨 𑠩 𑠪 𑠫 𑠬 𑠭 𑠮 𑠯 U + 1183x 𑠰 𑠱 𑠲 𑠳 𑠴 𑠵 𑠶 𑠷 𑠸 𑠹 𑠺 𑠻 U + 1184x Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 11.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points Some common words Devanagari Perso - Arabic Transliteration ( ISO - 15919 ) English translation Comparative आह آہ ‬ āh Yes Aah / Ho ( Nepali ), Haan ( Hindi, Urdu ), Aa ( Kashmiri ), Haan / Aho ( Punjabi ) Ho ( Pashto ) कन्ने کنے ‬ kanne With Sanga / Sitya ( Nepali ), Saath ( Hindi / Urdu ), Sityə ( Kashmiri ), Naal ( Punjabi ) नुक्कां نکے ‬ nukkāṃ Shoes Jootha ( Nepali ), Jootey ( Hindi, Urdu ), Nukke / Juttiaan ( Punjabi ), khor baan ( kashmiri ) भित्त پت ‬ bhitta Door Dokha / Dailo ( Nepali ), Darwaza ( Persian / Hindi / Urdu / Punjabi / Kashmiri ), Phaatak / Dvaar / Kiwaad ( Hindi ), Buha / Dar / Duar ( Punjabi ), Bar ( Kashmiri ) केह् کے ‬ keh What Ke ( Nepali ), Kya ( Hindi / Urdu / Kashmiri ), Ki ( Punjabi ) की کى ‬ kī Why Kina ( Nepali ), Kyun ( Hindi / Urdu ), Kyazi ( Kashmiri ), Kyon / Kahte / Kahnu ( Punjabi ) दोआना دوانہ ‬ doāna Watermelon Kharbooja ( Nepali ), Tarbooz ( Hindi / Urdu ), Hindwana ( Urdu / Persian ), Hadwana / Mateera ( Punjabi ), Hyandwand ( Kashmiri ), Indwanna ( Pashto ) दुनिया دنيہ ‬ duniyā World Duniya ( Urdu / Nepali / Punjabi / Kashmiri / Persian / Arabic ), Jag ( Sanskrit / Hindi / Punjabi ), Sansaar ( Sanskrit / Nepali / Hindi / Punjabi / Kashmiri ) Tonality Western Pahari languages, Punjabi and Punjabi dialects are frequently tonal, which is very unusual for Indo - European languages ( although Swedish and Norwegian are tonal also ). This tonality makes it difficult for speakers of other Indo - Aryan languages to gain facility in Dogri, though native Punjabi speakers ( especially speakers of Northern dialects such as Hindko and Mirpuri ) may find it easier to make the transition. Some common examples are shown below. Sentence Tone English translation Kora ha. Equal It was a whip. Kora ha. Falling - Rising It was a horse. Kora ha. Rising It was bitter. Das kīyān ? Falling Why is it ten ? Das kīyān. Rising Tell me how ( it happened ). Historical references The Greek astrologer Pulomi, accompanying Alexander in his 323 B.C. campaign into the Indian subcontinent, referred to some inhabitants of Duggar as `` a brave Dogra family living in the mountain ranges of Shivalik. '' In the year 1317, Amir Khusro, the famous Urdu and Persian poet, referred to Duger ( Dogri ) while describing the languages and dialects of India as follows : `` Sindhi - o - Lahori - o - Kashmiri - o - Duger. '' Theories on name origin Intellectuals in the court of Maharaja Ranbir Singh s / o Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, described ' Duggar ' as a distorted form of the word ' Dwigart, ' which means `` two troughs, '' a possible reference to the Mansar and Sruinsar Lakes. The linguist George Grierson connected the term ' Duggar ' with the Rajasthani word ' Doonger, ' which means ' hill, ' and ' Dogra ' with ' Dongar. ' This opinion has lacked support because of the inconsistency of the ostensible changes from Rajasthani to Dogri ( essentially the question of how Doonger became Duggar while Donger became Dogra ), and been contradicted by some scholars. Yet another proposal stems from the presence of the word ' Durger ' in the Bhuri Singh Museum ( in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh ). The word Durger means ' invincible ' in several Northern Indian languages, and could be an allusion to the ruggedness of the Duggar terrain and the historically militarized and autonomous Dogra societies. In Himachal, Dogri is majorly spoken in Hamirpur, Barsar, Una, Chintpurni, Kangra, and Bilaspur regions. In 1976, the experts attending the Language Session of the ' All India Oriental Conference ' held in Dharwar, Karnataka, could not reach consensus on the ' Dwigart ' and ' Durger ' hypotheses, but did manage agreement on a Doonger - Duggar connection. In a subsequent ' All India Oriental Conference ' held at Jaipur in 1982, the linguists agreed that the culture, language and history of Rajasthan and Duggar share some similarities. It was also suggested that the words ' Duggar ' and ' Dogra ' are common in some parts of Rajasthan. Specifically, it was asserted that areas with a large number of forts are called Duggar, and their inhabitants are accordingly known as Dogras. The land of Duggar also has a large number of forts, which may support the opinion above. An article by Dharam Chand Prashant in the literary magazine Shiraza Dogri suggested that `` the opinion that the word ' Duggar ' is a form of the word ' Duggarh ' sounds appropriate. '' The Turkish Döğer is also the name of a Turkmen Oğuz tribe originating in Central Asia and also found amongst the Kurds. In Turkey one of the towns named after them can be written as Doker, Duger, Döker and Düğer. Recent History Further information : Punjabi dialects In modern times, a notable Dogri translation ( in the Takri script ) of the Sanskrit classic mathematical opus Lilavati, by the noted mathematician Bhaskaracharya ( b. 1114 AD ), was published by the Vidya Vilas Press, Jammu in 1873. As Sanskrit literacy remained confined to a few, the late Maharaja Ranbir Singh had the Lilavati translated into Dogri by Jyotshi Bisheshwar, then principal of Jammu Pathshala. Dogri has an established tradition of poetry, fiction and dramatic works. Recent poets range from the 18th - century Dogri poet Kavi Dattu ( 1725 -- 1780 ) in Raja Ranjit Dev 's court to Professor Ram Nath Shastri and Mrs. Padma Sachdev. Kavi Dattu is highly regarded for his Barah Massa ( Twelve Months ), Kamal Netra ( Lotus Eyes ), Bhup Bijog and Bir Bilas. Shiraza Dogri is a Dogri literary periodical issued by the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, which is a notable publisher of modern Dogri literary work, another being the Dogri Sanstha. Popular recent songs include Pala Shpaiya Dogarya, Manney di Mauj and Shhori Deya. The noted Pakistani singer Malika Pukhraj had roots in the Duggar region, and her renditions of several Dogri songs continue to be popular in the region. Some devotional songs, or bhajans, composed by Karan Singh have gained increasing popularity over time, including Kaun Kareyaan Teri Aarti. Dogri programming features regularly on Radio Kashmir ( a division of All India Radio ), and Doordarshan ( Indian state television ) broadcasts in Jammu and Kashmir. However, Dogri does not have a dedicated state television channel yet, unlike Kashmiri ( which has the Doordarshan Koshur channel, available on cable and satellite television throughout India ). Official recognition of the language has been gradual, but progressive. On 2 August 1969, the General Council of the Sahitya Academy, Delhi recognized Dogri as an `` independent modern literary language '' of India, based on the unanimous recommendation of a panel of linguists. ( Indian Express, New Delhi, 3 August 1969 ). Dogri is one of the state languages of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. On 22 December 2003, in a major milestone for the official status of the language, Dogri was recognized as a national language of India in the Indian constitution. In Pakistan, the language ( under the name `` Pahari '' ) continues to thrive, but is not known to have received official patronage to date. The Alami Pahari Adabi Sangat ( Global Pahari Cultural Association ) is a Pakistani organization dedicated to the advancement and progress of the language. In 2005, a collection of over 100 works of prose and poetry in Dogri published over the last 50 years was made accessible online at the Central Institute of Indian Languages ( CIIL ), Mysore. This included works of eminent writer Dhinu Bhai Panth, Professor Madan Mohan Sharma, B.P. Sathai and Ram Nath Shastri. See also Dogri -- Kangri languages List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Dogri Dogri cinema Languages of India Languages with official status in India List of languages by number of native speakers in India References Jump up ^ Dogri at Ethnologue ( 18th ed., 2015 ) Dogri proper at Ethnologue ( 18th ed., 2015 ) Kangri at Ethnologue ( 18th ed., 2015 ) Jump up ^ Hammarström, Harald ; Forkel, Robert ; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. ( 2017 ). `` Indo - Aryan Northern zone -- Western Pahari ''. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany : Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Jump up ^ Sharma, Sita Ram ( 1992 ). Encyclopaedia of Teaching Languages in India, v. 20. Anmol Publications. p. 6. Jump up ^ Billawaria, Anita K. ( 1978 ). History and Culture of Himalayan States, v. 4. Light & Life Publishers. Jump up ^ Narain, Lakshmi ( 1965 ). An Introduction to Dogri Folk Literature and Pahari Art. Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages. Jump up ^ Masica, Colin P. ( 1993 ). The Indo - Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 427. ISBN 0 - 521 - 29944 - 6. ^ Jump up to : Ghai, Ved Kumari ( 1991 ). Studies in Phonetics and Phonology : With Special Reference to Dogri. Ariana Publishing House. ISBN 81 - 85347 - 20 - 4. non-Dogri speakers, also trained phoneticians, tend to hear the difference as one of length only, perceiving the second syllable as stressed Jump up ^ Brightbill, Jeremy D. ; Turner, Scott B. ( 2007 ). `` A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dogri Language, Jammu and Kashmir '' ( PDF ). SIL International. Retrieved 11 March 2016. Jump up ^ `` Social Mobilisation And Modern Society ''. Jump up ^ Pandey, Anshuman ( 2015 - 11 - 04 ). `` L2 / 15 - 234R : Proposal to encode the Dogra script in Unicode '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ `` Unicode 11.0. 0 ''. Unicode Consortium. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. Jump up ^ Gussenhoven, Carlos ( 2004 ). The Phonology of Tone and Intonation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 01200 - 7. Jump up ^ Shastri, Balkrishan ( 1981 ). Dogri in the family of world languages ( Translated ). Dogri Research Centre, Jammu University. Jump up ^ Shastri, Ram Nath ( 1981 ). Dogri Prose Writing before Independence ( Translated ). Dogri Research Centre, Jammu University. Jump up ^ Datta, Amaresh ( 1987 ). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. ^ Jump up to : Pathik, Jyoteeshwar ( 1980 ). Cultural Heritage of the Dogras. Light & Life Publishers. Jump up ^ Bahri, Ujjal Singh ( 2001 ). Dogri : Phonology and Grammatical Sketch. Bahri Publications. Jump up ^ Prashant, Dharam Chand ( April -- May 1991 ). `` Duggar Shabad di Vayakha ''. Shiraza Dogri. Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages. Jump up ^ Līlāvatī ( Dogri translation ). Jammu : Vidya Vilas. 1873. first1 = missing last1 = in Authors list ( help ) Jump up ^ Sharma, B.P. Century Old Printed Dogri Literature. Jammu & Kashmir State Research Biannual. Jump up ^ Jerath, Ashok ( 1988 ). Dogra Legends of Art & Culture. Indus Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 81 - 7387 - 082 - 9. Jump up ^ Joseph, Suad ; Najmabadi, Afsaneh ( 2003 ). Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures. Leiden : Brill. p. 75. ISBN 90 - 04 - 12821 - 2. Jump up ^ Rao, S. ( 2004 ). Five Decades ; the National Academy of Letters, India : a Short History of Sahitya Akademi. Sahitya Akademi. Jump up ^ `` Lok Sabha passes bill recognising Dogri, 3 other languages ''. Daily Excelsior. Jammu and Kashmir. 2003 - 12 - 23. Archived from the original on 2008 - 12 - 02. Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 31. Dogri among other three languages has been included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution when Lok Sabha unanimously approved an amendment in the Constitution Jump up ^ Tsui, Amy ( 2007 ). Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts. Routledge. ISBN 0 - 8058 - 5694 - 3. Jump up ^ `` Alami Pahari Adabi Sangat ( Global Pahari Cultural Association ) ''. Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 31. Jump up ^ `` Finally, a boost : Dogri literature now a click away ''. Indian Express. May 19, 2005. Retrieved Feb 26, 2013. Bibliography Gopal Haldar ( 2000 ). Languages of India. New Delhi : National Book Trust External links The Dogri Language, article by Ved Kumari Ghai Duggar Times.com, for more on Dogri language, literature and writers Dailyexcelsior.com, `` One Hundredth Amendment, '' news report on the recognition of Dogri as a national language. Modifications to Devanagri to represent Dogri tones Pahari.org, Alami Pahari Adabi Sangat ( Global Pahari Cultural Association ) Ancientscripts.com, The Takri script. Crulp.org, paper on tonality and intonation in Punjabi. Dogri computing resources at TDIL ( Devanagari Script ) Western Pahari languages Bhadrawahi Bilaspuri Dogri Hinduri Jaunsari Kangri Kullu Mandeali Mahasu Pahari Pahari Kinnauri Sirmauri Languages of India Official languages Union - level Hindi English 8th schedule to the Constitution of India Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Maithili Malayalam Meitei ( Manipuri ) Marathi Nepali Odia Punjabi Sanskrit Sindhi Santali Tamil Telugu Urdu State - level only Garo Gurung Khasi Kokborok Lepcha Limbu Mangar Mizo Newari Rai Sherpa Sikkimese Sunwar Tamang Major unofficial languages Over 1 million speakers Angika Awadhi Bagheli Bagri Bajjika Bhili Bhojpuri Bundeli Chhattisgarhi Dhundhari Garhwali Gondi Harauti Haryanvi Ho Kangri Khandeshi Khortha Kumaoni Kurukh Lambadi Magahi Malvi Marwari Mewari Mundari Nimadi Rajasthani Sadri Surjapuri Tulu Wagdi Varhadi 100,000 -- 1 million speakers Adi Angami Ao Dimasa Halbi Karbi Kharia Kodava Kolami Konyak Korku Koya Kui Kuvi Ladakhi Lotha Malto Mishing Nishi Phom Rabha Sema Sora Tangkhul Thadou Languages of Pakistan Official languages Urdu English Provincial languages Punjabi Pashto Sindhi Balochi Minority languages ( by administrative unit ) Azad Kashmir Dogri Gujari Kashmiri Kundal Shahi Pahari - Pothwari Balochistan Brahui Dehwari Hazaragi Jadgali Khetrani Wanetsi Gilgit - Baltistan Balti Purgi Burushaski Domaaki Khowar Munji Shina Wakhi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Burushaski Badeshi Bateri Chilisso Dameli Gawar - Bati Gowro Hindko Indus Kohistani Kalami Kalasha - mun Kalkoti Kamviri Khowar Mankiyali Ormuri Palula Torwali Ushoji Wazir Yidgha Punjab Bagri Dogri Pahari - Pothwari Punjabi dialects Saraiki Rajasthani Sindh Aer Bagri Bhaya Dhatki Goaria Gujarati Jandavra Jogi Koli Parkari Kutchi Loarki Marwari Memoni Mewari Od Rajasthani Vaghri Related topics Indo - Aryan languages Dardic languages Iranic languages Pakistani Sign Language Arabic Persian Persian and Urdu Chagatai Indo - Iranian languages hide Indo - Aryan ( Indic ) Old / Middle Old Vedic Sanskrit Classical Buddhist Mitanni - Aryan Middle Abahatta Apabhraṃśa Dramatic Prakrits Magadhi Maharashtri Shauraseni Elu Gāndhārī Paisaci Pāli Prakrit Modern Central ( Hindustani ) Hindi Awadhi Bagheli Bhojpuri Bombay Hindi Braj Bhasha Bundeli Caribbean Hindi Chhattisgarhi Fiji Hindi Haflong Hindi Haryanvi Kannauji Khari Boli Sansi Boli Urdu Dakhini Hyderabadi Urdu Rekhta ( early form ) Others Danwar Parya Eastern Bengali -- Assamese Assamese Bengali Bishnupriya Manipuri Chakma Chittagonian Hajong Kayort Kharia Thar Nahari Rajbanshi Rohingya Sylheti Bihari Angika Vajjika Magahi Maithili Majhi Sadri Odia Odia Kosli Bodo Parja Kupia Reli Halbic Halbi Bhatri Kamar Mirgan Nahari Others Mal Paharia Northern Garhwali Kumaoni Nepali Palpa Northwestern Aer Dogri Hindko Kangri Kutchi Punjabi Sindhi Saraiki Southern Marathi -- Konkani Konkani Marathi Insular Maldivian Sinhala Western Bhil Bhili Gamit Rajasthani Bagri Goaria Gojri Jaipuri Malvi Marwari Mewari Dhatki ( sociolect ) Others Domari Gujarati Kalto Khandeshi Parkari Koli Romani Saurashtra Others Dardic Dameli Domaaki Gawar - Bati Kalami Kalash Kashmiri Khowar Kohistani Nangalami Palula Pashayi Shina Shumashti Torwali Ushoji hide Iranian Old / Middle Old Western Old Persian Median Eastern Avestan Old Scythian Middle Western Middle Persian Parthian Eastern Bactrian Khwarezmian Ossetic Jassic Sakan ( Sacian ) Scythian Sogdian Modern North Old Azari Balochi Central Iran Zoroastrian Dari Fars Gilaki Gorani Kurdic Sorani Kurmanji Southern group Laki Mazandarani Semnani Taleshi Deilami Tati Zazaki Eastern Pamir Ishkashimi Sanglechi Wakhi Munji Yidgha Vanji Yazghulami Shughni Roshani Khufi Bartangi Sarikoli Others Ossetian Digor Iron Pashto Central Pashto Northern Pashto Southern Pashto Wanetsi Yaghnobi Ormuri Parachi Western South Persian Caucasian Tat Dari Tajik Luri Feyli Bakhtiari Kumzari Larestani Bashkardi Other Indo - Iranian languages Nuristani Kamkata - viri Kamviri Kata - vari Mumviri Others Askunu Kalasha - ala Kamkata - viri Tregami Vasi - vari Italics indicate extinct languages. 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Question: in which state of india is dogri spoken
Answer: Jammu