Epistle of Jude - wikipedia Epistle of Jude Not to be confused with Gospel of Judas. Books of the New Testament Gospels Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Acts of the Apostles Epistles Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Apocalypse Revelation New Testament manuscripts The Epistle of Jude, often shortened to Jude, is the next - to - last book of the New Testament and is attributed to Jude, the servant of Jesus and the brother of James the Just. Contents 1 Composition 2 Content 2.1 Outline 2.2 Canonical status 2.3 Authorship 2.4 Style 3 Jude and 2 Peter 4 References to other books 5 See also 6 Notes 7 External links Composition The letter of Jude was one of the disputed books of the Canon. The links between the Epistle and 2 Peter, its use of the Apocryphal Books, and its brevity raised concern. It is one of the shortest books in the Bible, being only 25 verses long. Content Jude urges his readers to defend the deposit of Christ 's doctrine that had been closed by the time he wrote his epistle, and to remember the words of the apostles spoken somewhat before. Jude then asks the reader to recall how even after the Lord saved his own people out of the land of Egypt, he did not hesitate to destroy those who fell into unbelief, much as he punished the angels who fell from their original exalted status and Sodom and Gomorrah. He describes in vivid terms the apostates of his day. He exhorts believers to remember the words spoken by the Apostles, using language similar to the second epistle of Peter to answer concerns that the Lord seemed to tarry, How that they told you there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their own ungodly lusts..., and to keep themselves in God 's love, before delivering a doxology. Jude quotes directly from the Book of Enoch, part of the scripture of the Ethiopian and Eritrean churches but rejected by other churches. He cites Enoch 's prophecy that the Lord would come with many thousands of his saints to render judgement on the whole world. He also paraphrases ( verse 9 ) an incident in a text that has been lost about Satan and Michael the Archangel quarreling over the body of Moses. Outline I. Salutation ( 1 - 3 ) II. Occasion for the Letter ( 3 - 4 ) A. The change of Subject ( 3 ) B. The Reason for the Change : The Presence of Godless Apostates ( 4 ) III. Warning against the False Teachers ( 5 - 16 ) A. Historical Examples of the Judgement of Apostates ( 5 - 7 ) 1. Unbelieving Israel ( 5 ) 2. Angels who fell ( 6 ) 3. Sodom and Gomorrah ( 7 ) B. Description of the Apostates of Jude 's Day ( 8 - 16 ) 1. Their slanderous speech deplored ( 8 - 10 ) 2. Their character graphically portrayed ( 11 - 13 ) 3. Their destruction prophesied ( 14 - 16 ) IV. Exhortation to Believers ( 17 - 23 ) V. Concluding Doxology ( 24 - 25 ) Canonical status The Epistle of Jude is held as canonical in the Christian Church ; conservative scholars date it between 70 and 90. Some scholars consider the letter a pseudonymous work written between the end of the 1st century and the first quarter of the 2nd century because of its references to the apostles and to tradition and because of its competent Greek style. `` More remarkable is the evidence that by the end of the second century Jude was widely accepted as canonical. '' Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, and the Muratorian canon considered the letter canonical. The first historical record of doubts as to authorship are found in the writings of Origen of Alexandria, who spoke of the doubts held by some, albeit not him. Eusebius classified it with the `` disputed writings, the antilegomena. '' The letter was eventually accepted as part of the Canon by Church Fathers such as Athanasius and the Synods of Laodicea ( c. 363 ) and Carthage ( 397 ). Authorship The Epistle title is written as follows : `` Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James '' ( NRSV ). There is a dispute as to whether `` brother '' means someone who has the same father and mother, or a half - brother or cousin or more distant familial relationship. This dispute over the true meaning of `` brother '' grew as the doctrine of the Virgin Birth evolved. The debate has continued over the author 's identity as the apostle, the brother of Jesus, both, or neither. Some scholars have argued that since the author of the letter has not identified himself as an apostle and actually refers to the apostles as a third party, he can not be identified with the Jude who is listed as one of the Twelve ( and, in the Gospel of Luke, is explicitly identified as being as `` of James '' ). Others have drawn the opposite conclusion, i.e., that, as an apostle, he would not have made a claim of apostleship on his own behalf. The naming of many Judes in the gospels and among the relatives of Jesus and Jude 's relationship to James the Just ( called the brother of Jesus ) have caused much confusion. Not a lot is known of Jude, which would explain the apparent need to identify him by reference to his better - known brother. Style The Epistle of Jude is a brief book of only a single chapter with 25 verses. It was composed as an encyclical letter -- that is, one not directed to the members of one church in particular, but intended rather to be circulated and read in all churches. The form, as opposed to the earlier letters of Paul, suggests that the author knew Paul 's Epistle to the Ephesians or even that the Pauline epistles had already been collected and were circulating when the text was written. The wording and syntax of this epistle in its original Greek demonstrates that the author was capable and fluent. The epistle is addressed to Christians in general, and it warns them about the doctrine of certain errant teachers to whom they were exposed. Examples of heterodox opinions that were circulating in the early 2nd century include Docetism, Marcionism, and Gnosticism. The epistle 's style is combative, impassioned, and rushed. Many examples of evildoers and warnings about their fates are given in rapid succession. The epithets contained in this writing are considered to be some of the strongest found in the New Testament. The epistle concludes with a doxology, which is considered by Peter H. Davids to be one of the highest in quality contained in the Bible. Jude and 2 Peter Part of Jude is very similar to 2 Peter ( mainly 2 Peter chapter 2 ), so much so that most scholars agree that there is a dependence between the two, i.e., that either one letter used the other directly, or they both drew on a common source. Because this epistle is much shorter than 2 Peter, and due to various stylistic details, some writers consider Jude the source for the similar passages of 2 Peter. However, other writers, noting that Jude 18 quotes 2 Peter 3 : 3 as past tense, consider Jude to have come after 2 Peter. Some scholars who consider Jude to predate 2 Peter note that the latter appears to quote the former but excises the reference to the non-canonical book of Enoch. References to other books The Epistle of Jude references at least two other books, with one being non-canonical in all churches and the other non-canonical in most churches. Verse 9 refers to a dispute between Michael the Archangel and the devil about the body of Moses. Some interpreters understand this reference to be an allusion to the events described in Zechariah 3 : 1 - 2. The classical theologian Origen attributes this reference to the non-canonical Assumption of Moses. According to James Charlesworth, there is no evidence the surviving book of this name ever contained any such content. Others believe it to be in the lost ending of the book. Verses 14 -- 15 contain a direct quotation of a prophecy from 1 Enoch 1 : 9. The title `` Enoch, the seventh from Adam '' is also sourced from 1 En. 60 : 1. Most commentators assume that this indicates that Jude accepts the antediluvian patriarch Enoch as the author of the Book of Enoch which contains the same quotation. However, an alternative explanation is that Jude quotes the Book of Enoch aware that verses 14 -- 15 are in fact an expansion of the words of Moses from Deuteronomy 33 : 2. This is supported by Jude 's unusual Greek statement that `` Enoch the Seventh from Adam prophesied to the false teachers '', not concerning them. The Book of Enoch is not considered canonical by most churches, although it is by the Ethiopian Orthodox church. According to Western scholars, the older sections of the Book of Enoch ( mainly in the Book of the Watchers ) date from about 300 BC and the latest part ( Book of Parables ) probably was composed at the end of the 1st century BC. 1 Enoch 1 : 9, mentioned above, is part of the pseudepigrapha and is among the Dead Sea Scrolls ( 4Q Enoch ( 4Q204 ( 4QENAR ) ) COL I 16 -- 18 ). It is generally accepted by scholars that the author of the Epistle of Jude was familiar with the Book of Enoch and was influenced by it in thought and diction. See also Textual variants in the Epistle of Jude Notes Jump up ^ Eusebius, Church History 2 23 Jump up ^ Jude 5 - 7 Jump up ^ Jude 8 - 16 Jump up ^ Jude 18 Jump up ^ Jude 21 Jump up ^ Jude 24 - 25 Jump up ^ NIV Bible ( Large Print ed. ). ( 2007 ). London : Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Jump up ^ Jude : 17 -- 18 Jump up ^ Jude :3 ^ Jump up to : `` scripture ''. Jump up ^ Norman Perrin, ( 1974 ) The New Testament : An Introduction, p. 260 Jump up ^ Bauckham, RJ ( 1986 ), Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 50, Word ( UK ) Ltd. p. 16 Jump up ^ Bauckham, RJ ( 1986 ), Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 50, Word ( UK ) Ltd. p. 17 Jump up ^ Lindberg, Carter ( 2006 ). A Brief History of Christianity. Blackwell Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 1 - 4051 - 1078 - 3 Jump up ^ Council of Laodicea at bible-researcher.com. Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 05. Jump up ^ B.F. Westcott, A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament ( 5th ed. Edinburgh, 1881 ), pp. 440, 541 - 2. Jump up ^ Jocelyn Rhys, Shaken Creeds : The Virgin Birth Doctrine a Study of Its Origin, Kessinger Publishing, 2003 ISBN 0 - 7661 - 7988 - 5, pp 3 -- 53 Jump up ^ Chester, A and Martin, RP ( 1994 ), ' The Theology of the Letters of James, Peter and Jude ', CUP, p. 65 Jump up ^ Bauckham, R.J. ( 1986 ), Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 50, Word ( UK ) Ltd. p. 14 Jump up ^ Luke 6 : 16 Jump up ^ Acts 1 : 13 Jump up ^ John 14 : 22 Jump up ^ Bauckham, R.J. ( 1986 ), Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 50, Word ( UK ) Ltd. p. 14f Jump up ^ Matthew 13 : 55 Jump up ^ Mark 6 : 3 Jump up ^ Jude 1 : 1 Jump up ^ Davids, Peter H. ( 2006 ). The Pillar New Testament Commentary : The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude. Grand Rapids, Michigan : Wm. B. Eardmans Publishing Co. p. 106. access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Introduction to 2 Peter in Expositor 's Bible Commentary, Ed. F.E. Gaebelein, Zondervan 1976 -- 1992 Jump up ^ e.g. Terrance Callan, Use of the Letter of Jude by the Second Letter of Peter, in Biblica 85 ( 2004 ), pp. 42 -- 64. Jump up ^ e.g. John MacArthur 1, 2, 3, John Jude 2007 p101 ``... closely parallels that of 2 Peter ( 2 : 1 -- 3 : 4 ), and it is believed that Peter 's writing predated Jude for several reasons : ( 1 ) Second Peter anticipates the coming of false teachers ( 2 Pet. 2 : 1 -- 2 ; 3 : 3 ), whereas Jude deals with their arrival ( vv. 4, 11 -- 12, 17 -- 18 ) ; and ( 2 ) Jude quotes directly from 2 Peter 3 : 3 and acknowledges that it is from an apostle ( vv. 17 -- 18 ). '' Jump up ^ Dale Martin 2009 ( lecture ). `` 24. Apocalyptic and Accommodation ''. Yale University. Accessed July 22, 2013. Jump up ^ Peter H. Davids ; Douglas J. Moo ; Robert Yarbrough ( 5 April 2016 ). 1 and 2 Peter, Jude, 1, 2, and 3 John. Zondervan. p. 240. ISBN 978 - 0 - 310 - 53025 - 1. Jump up ^ R.C. Lucas ; Christopher Green ( 2 May 2014 ). The Message of 2 Peter & Jude. InterVarsity Press. pp. 168 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8308 - 9784 - 1. Jump up ^ `` ANF04. Fathers of the Third Century : Tertullian, Part Fourth ; Minucius Felix ; Commodian ; Origen, Parts First and Second ''. ^ Jump up to : James Charlesworth Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, p. 76, Google books link Jump up ^ The Assumption of Moses : a critical edition with commentary By Johannes Tromp. P270 Jump up ^ Charles R. Enoch OUP, p. 119 Jump up ^ Nickelsburg G. 1 Enoch Fortress Jump up ^ Cox S. Slandering celestial beings Jump up ^ AUTOI dative Jump up ^ Fahlbusch E., Bromiley G.W. The Encyclopedia of Christianity : P - Sh page 411, ISBN 0 - 8028 - 2416 - 1 ( 2004 ) Jump up ^ Clontz, T.E. and J., The Comprehensive New Testament with complete textual variant mapping and references for the Dead Sea Scrolls, Philo, Josephus, Nag Hammadi Library, Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha, Plato, Egyptian Book of the Dead, Talmud, Old Testament, Patristic Writings, Dhammapada, Tacitus, Epic of Gilgamesh, Cornerstone Publications, 2008, p. 711, ISBN 978 - 0 - 9778737 - 1 - 5 Jump up ^ `` Apocalyptic Literature '' ( column 220 ), Encyclopedia Biblica External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Epistle of Jude Wikisource has original text related to this article : Jude Online translations of the Epistle of Jude : Jude in New American Bible Online Bible at GospelHall.org Jude at Bible Gateway ( various versions ) Early Christian writings : Epistle of Jude : comparable translations and interpretations Audiobook Version : Jude public domain audiobook at LibriVox Additional information : Catholic Encyclopedia Comprehensive study the Epistle of Jude An Exegesis of Jude by Michael Quandt A reaction to the apparent regarding of Enoch and the Assumption of Moses as canonical by Jude Epistle of Jude General Epistle Preceded by Third John New Testament Books of the Bible Succeeded by Revelation Books of the Bible Principal divisions Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Protocanon Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 -- 2 Samuel 1 -- 2 Kings 1 -- 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanon and Apocrypha Catholic Orthodox Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel ( Susanna Song of the Three Children Bel and the Dragon ) Orthodox only 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Odes Tewahedo Orthodox Enoch Jubilees 1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Syriac Letter of Baruch 2 Baruch Psalms 152 -- 155 New Testament Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Subdivisions Chapters and verses Pentateuch Wisdom Major / Minor prophets Gospels ( Synoptic ) Epistles ( Pauline Johannine Pastoral Catholic ) Apocalyptic literature Development Old Testament canon New Testament canon Antilegomena Jewish canon Christian canon Manuscripts Dead Sea Scrolls Samaritan Pentateuch Septuagint Targum Diatessaron Muratorian fragment Peshitta Vetus Latina Masoretic Text New Testament manuscript categories New Testament papyri New Testament uncials See also Biblical canon Authorship English Bible translations Other books referenced in the Bible Pseudepigrapha ( list ) New Testament apocrypha Studies Synod of Hippo Textual criticism Portal WikiProject Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epistle_of_Jude&oldid=793488435 '' Categories : New Testament books Canonical epistles Luther 's Antilegomena Epistle of Jude Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from October 2016 Articles with LibriVox links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikisource Afrikaans ܐܪܡܝܐ Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Boarisch Brezhoneg Català Čeština ChiShona Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Frysk Furlan Gaeilge गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar മലയാളം Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Gagana Samoa Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Vepsän kel ' Winaray Yorùbá 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 August 2017, at 02 : 02. 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Question: who was jude writing to in the bible
Answer: all churches