Human reproductive system - wikipedia Human reproductive system Human Fertilization. The sperm and ovum unite through fertilization. The human reproductive system usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. In this process, the male inserts his penis into the female 's vagina and ejaculates semen, which contains sperm. A small proportion of the sperm pass through the cervix into the uterus, and then into the Fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Only one sperm is required to fertilize the ovum. Upon successful fertilization, the fertilized ovum, or zygote, travels out of the Fallopian tube and into the uterus, where it implants in the uterine wall. This marks the beginning of gestation, better known as pregnancy, which continues for around nine months as the foetus develops. When the foetus has developed to a certain point, pregnancy is concluded with childbirth, involving labor. During labor, the muscles of the uterus contract and the cervix dilates over the course of hours, and the baby passes out of the vagina. Human infants are nearly helpless and require high levels of parental care. Infants rely on their caregivers for comfort, cleanliness, and food. Food may be provided by breastfeeding or formula feeding. The female reproductive system has two functions : to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until birth. The male reproductive system has one function : to produce and deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, there are numerous differences in typical secondary sex characteristics. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Male 1.2 Female 2 Development 3 Reproduction 3.1 Production of gametes 4 Disease 5 References Structure Male Main article : Human male reproductive system Male reproductive system The male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside the body and around the pelvis region of a male that contribute towards the reproduction process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male sperm for fertilization of the ovum. Penile shrinkage due to low temperatures. The scrotum is in a tense state to regulate testicular temperatures. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category produces and stores sperm ( spermatozoa ). These are produced in the testes, which are housed in the temperature - regulating scrotum ; immature sperm then travel to the epididymis for development and storage. The second category are the ejaculatory fluid producing glands which include the Cowper 's gland ( also called bulbo - urethral gland ), seminal vesicles, prostate, and vas deferens. The final category are those used for copulation and deposition of the sperm within the female ; these include the penis, urethra, and vas deferens. Major secondary sexual characteristics include : larger, more muscular stature, deepened voice, facial and body hair, broad shoulders, and development of an Adam 's apple. An important sexual hormone of males is androgen, and particularly testosterone. The testes release a hormone that controls the development of sperm. This hormone is also responsible for the development of physical characteristics in men such as facial hair and a deep voice. Female Main article : Human female reproductive system Female reproductive system The human female reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside the body and around the pelvic region of a female that contribute towards the reproductive process. The human female reproductive system contains three main parts : the vulva, which leads to the vagina, the vaginal opening, to the uterus ; the uterus, which holds the developing fetus ; and the ovaries, which produce the female 's ova. The breasts are involved during the parenting stage of reproduction, but in most classifications they are not considered to be part of the female reproductive system. Female genitalia The vagina meets the outside at the vulva, which also includes the labia, clitoris and urethra ; during intercourse this area is lubricated by mucus secreted by the Bartholin 's glands. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the Fallopian tubes. Each ovary contains hundreds of egg cells or ova ( singular ovum ). Approximately every 28 days, the pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates some of the ova to develop and grow. One ovum is released and it passes through the Fallopian tube into the uterus. Hormones produced by the ovaries prepare the uterus to receive the ovum. The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, and unfertilized ova are shed each cycle through the process of menstruation. If the ovum is fertilized by sperm, it attaches to the endometrium and the fetus develops. Development Main article : Development of the reproductive system The development of the reproductive system and the development of the urinary system are closely tied in with the development of the human fetus. Despite the differences between the adult female and male are derived from the intermediate mesoderm. The three main fetal precursors of the reproductive organs are the Wolffian duct, the Müllerian ducts, and the gonads. Endocrine hormones are a well - known and critical controlling factor in the normal differentiation of the reproductive system. The Wolffian duct forms the epididymis, vas deferens, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and seminal vesicle in the male reproductive system, but essentially disappears in the female reproductive system. The reverse is true for the Müllerian duct, as it essentially disappears in the male reproductive system and forms the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female system. In both sexes the gonads go on to form the testes and ovaries ; because they are derived from the same undeveloped structure, they are considered homologous organs. There are a number of other homologous structures shared between male and female reproductive systems. However, despite the similarity in function of the female Fallopian tubes and the male epididymis and vas deferens, they are not homologous but rather analogous structures as they arise from different fetal structures. Reproduction Further information : Human reproduction Production of gametes Main articles : Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Gametes are produced within the gonads through a process known as gametogenesis. This occurs when certain types of germ cells undergo meiosis to split the normal diploid number of chromosomes ( n = 46 ) into haploid cells containing only 23 chromosomes. Anatomy of the testis In males, this process is known as spermatogenesis, and takes place only after puberty in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The immature spermatozoa or sperm are then sent to the epididymis, where they gain a tail, enabling motility. Each of the original diploid germ cells or primary spermatocytes forms four functional gametes which is each forever young. The production and survival of sperms require a temperature below the normal core body temperature. Since the scrotum, where the testes is present, is situated outside the body cavity, it provides a temperature about 3 ° C below normal body temperature. Anatomy of the ovary In females, gametogenesis is known as oogenesis ; this occurs in the ovarian follicles of the ovaries. This process does not produce mature ovum until puberty. In contrast with males, each of the original diploid germ cells or primary oocytes will form only one mature ovum, and three polar bodies which are not capable of fertilization. It has long been understood that in females, unlike males, all of the primary oocytes ever found in a female will be created prior to birth, and that the final stages of ova production will then not resume until puberty. However, recent scientific research has challenged that hypothesis. This new research indicates that in at least some species of mammal, oocytes continue to be replenished in females well after birth. Disease Main article : Reproductive system disease Like all complex organ systems, the human reproductive system is affected by many diseases. There are four main categories of reproductive diseases in humans. They are : genetic or congenital abnormalities, cancers, infections, which are often sexually transmitted diseases, functional problems caused by environmental factors, physical damage, psychological issues, autoimmune disorders, or other causes. The best - known functional problems include sexual dysfunction and infertility, which are both broad terms relating to many disorders with many causes. Specific reproductive diseases are often symptoms of other diseases and disorders, or have multiple, or unknown causes making them difficult to classify. Examples of unclassifiable disorders are Peyronie 's disease in males and endometriosis in females. Many congenital conditions cause reproductive abnormalities, but are better known for their other symptoms. These include : Turner syndrome, Klinefelter 's syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and Bloom syndrome. References Jump up ^ Sexual Reproduction in Humans. 2006. John W. Kimball. Kimball 's Biology Pages, and online textbook. Jump up ^ EDRI Federal Project Inventory : Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Abnormal Reproductive Development US EPA. Dr. William R. Kelce. 2006. ^ Jump up to : Development of sex cells in Reproductive system, Body Guide. Adam. Jump up ^ Tilly JL, Niikura Y, Rueda BR ( August 2008 ). `` The Current Status of Evidence for and Against Postnatal Oogenesis in Mammals : A Case of Ovarian Optimism Versus Pessimism ? ''. Biol. Reprod. 80 ( 1 ) : 2 -- 12. doi : 10.1095 / biolreprod. 108.069088. PMC 2804806. PMID 18753611. Jump up ^ Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru JK, Tilly JL ( March 2004 ). `` Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary ''. Nature. 428 ( 6979 ) : 145 -- 50. doi : 10.1038 / nature02316. PMID 15014492. Jump up ^ Genetic Conditions > Reproductive system. 2007. Genetics Home Reference. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Human systems and organs Musculoskeletal Skeletal system Bone Carpus Collar bone ( clavicle ) Thigh bone ( femur ) Fibula Humerus Mandible Metacarpus Metatarsus Ossicles Patella Phalanges Radius Skull Tarsus Tibia Ulna Rib Vertebra Pelvis Sternum Cartilage Joints Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint Muscular system Muscle Tendon Diaphragm Circulatory system Cardiovascular system peripheral Artery Vein Lymphatic vessel Heart Lymphatic system primary Bone marrow Thymus secondary Spleen Lymph node CNS equivalent Glymphatic system Nervous system Brain Spinal cord Nerve Sensory system Ear Eye Integumentary system Skin Subcutaneous tissue Breast Mammary gland Immune system Myeloid Myeloid immune system Lymphoid Lymphoid immune system Respiratory system Upper Nose Nasopharynx Larynx Lower Trachea Bronchus Lung Digestive system Mouth Salivary gland Tongue upper GI Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Esophagus Stomach lower GI Small intestine Appendix Colon Rectum Anus accessory Liver Biliary tract Pancreas Urinary system Genitourinary system Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra Reproductive system Male Scrotum Penis Prostate Testicle Seminal vesicle Female Uterus Vagina Vulva Ovary Placenta Endocrine system Pituitary Pineal Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Islets of Langerhans Human physiology of sexual reproduction Menstrual cycle Menarche Menstruation Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis spermatogonium spermatocyte spermatid sperm ) Oogenesis ( oogonium oocyte ootid ovum ) Germ cell gonocyte gamete ) Human sexual activity Sexual arousal Sexual intercourse Masturbation Erection Orgasm Ejaculation Insemination Fertilization / Fertility Implantation Pregnancy Postpartum period Mechanics of sex Development of the reproductive system Sexual differentiation Sexual dimorphism Feminization Virilization ) Puberty Gonadarche Tanner scale Pubarche Menarche Spermarche Adrenarche ) Maternal age / Paternal age Menopause Egg Ovum Oviposition Oviparity Ovoviviparity Vivipary Reproductive endocrinology and infertility Hypothalamic -- pituitary -- gonadal axis Hypothalamic -- pituitary -- prolactin axis Andrology Hormone Breast Thelarche Development Lactation Breastfeeding Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_reproductive_system&oldid=854317267 '' Categories : Human anatomy Reproductive system Sexual reproduction Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Euskara ಕನ್ನಡ Nederlands Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 10 August 2018, at 13 : 02 ( UTC ). 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Question: the primary function of the human male reproductive system is to
Answer: produce and deposit sperm