Three wise monkeys - wikipedia Three wise monkeys For the Turkish film, see Three Monkeys. `` Sanzaru '' redirects here. For the game company, see Sanzaru Games. `` See no evil hear no evil '' redirects here. For the 1989 comedy film, see See No Evil, Hear No Evil. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( August 2010 ) The three wise monkeys over the Tōshō - gū shrine in Nikkō, Japan The three wise monkeys ( Japanese : 三猿, Hepburn : san'en or sanzaru, alternatively 三 匹 の 猿 sanbiki no saru, literally `` three monkeys '' ), sometimes called the three mystic apes, are a pictorial maxim. Together they embody the proverbial principle `` see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil ''. The three monkeys are Mizaru, covering his eyes, who sees no evil ; Kikazaru, covering his ears, who hears no evil ; and Iwazaru, covering his mouth, who speaks no evil. There are various meanings ascribed to the monkeys and the proverb including associations with being of good mind, speech and action. In the Western world the phrase is often used to refer to those who deal with impropriety by turning a blind eye. Outside Japan the monkeys ' names are sometimes given as Mizaru, Mikazaru, and Mazaru, as the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals. The monkeys are Japanese macaques, a common species in Japan. Contents 1 Origin 2 Meaning of the proverb 3 Variations 4 Cultural influences 5 Unicode characters 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Origin Kōshin scroll with the three monkeys A World War II poster directed at participants in the Manhattan Project The source that popularized this pictorial maxim is a 17th - century carving over a door of the famous Tōshō - gū shrine in Nikkō, Japan. The carvings at Toshogu Shrine were carved by Hidari Jingoro, and believed to have incorporated Confucius 's Code of Conduct, using the monkey as a way to depict man 's life cycle. There are a total of eight panels, and the iconic three wise monkeys picture comes from panel 2. The philosophy, however, probably originally came to Japan with a Tendai - Buddhist legend, from China in the 8th century ( Nara Period ). It has been suggested that the figures represent the three dogmas of the so - called middle school of the sect. In Chinese, a similar phrase exists in the Analects of Confucius from 2nd to 4th century B.C. : `` Look not at what is contrary to propriety ; listen not to what is contrary to propriety ; speak not what is contrary to propriety ; make no movement which is contrary to propriety '' ( 非禮 勿 視, 非禮 勿 聽, 非禮 勿 言, 非禮 勿 動 ). It may be that this phrase was shortened and simplified after it was brought into Japan. It is through the Kōshin rite of folk religion that the most significant examples are presented. The Kōshin belief or practice is a Japanese folk religion with Chinese Taoism origins and ancient Shinto influence. It was founded by Tendai Buddhist monks in the late 10th century. A considerable number of stone monuments can be found all over the eastern part of Japan around Tokyo. During the later part of the Muromachi period, it was customary to display stone pillars depicting the three monkeys during the observance of Kōshin. Though the teaching had nothing to do with monkeys, the concept of the three monkeys originated from a simple play on words. The saying in Japanese is mizaru, kikazaru, iwazaru ( 見 ざる, 聞か ざる, 言わ ざる ) `` see not, hear not, speak not '', where the - zaru is a negative conjugation on the three verbs, matching zaru, the modified form of saru ( 猿 ) `` monkey '' used in compounds. Thus the saying ( which does not include any specific reference to `` evil '' ) can also be interpreted as referring to three monkeys. The shrine at Nikko is a Shinto shrine, and the monkey is an extremely important being in the Shinto religion. The monkey is believed to be the messenger of the Hie Shinto shrines, which also have connections with Tendai Buddhism. There are even important festivals that are celebrated during the year of the Monkey ( occurring every twelve years ) and a special festival is celebrated every sixteenth year of the Kōshin. `` The Three Mystic Apes '' ( Sambiki Saru ) were described as `` the attendants of Saruta Hito no Mikoto or Kōshin, the God of the Roads ''. The Kōshin festival was held on the 60th day of the calendar. It has been suggested that during the Kōshin festival, according to old beliefs, one 's bad deeds might be reported to heaven `` unless avoidance actions were taken... ''. It has been theorized that the three Mystic Apes, Not Seeing, Hearing, or Speaking, may have been the `` things that one has done wrong in the last 59 days ''. According to other accounts, the monkeys caused the Sanshi and Ten - Tei not to see, say or hear the bad deeds of a person. The Sanshi ( 三 尸 ) are the Three Corpses living in everyone 's body. The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit. Every 60 days, on the night called Kōshin - Machi ( 庚申待 ), if the person sleeps, the Sanshi will leave the body and go to Ten - Tei ( 天帝 ), the Heavenly God, to report about the deeds of that person. Ten - Tei will then decide to punish bad people, making them ill, shortening their time alive, and in extreme cases putting an end to their lives. Those believers of Kōshin who have reason to fear will try to stay awake during Kōshin nights. This is the only way to prevent the Sanshi from leaving their body and reporting to Ten - Tei. An ancient representation of the `` no see, no hear, no say, no do '' can be found in four golden figurines in the Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum. These golden statues date from the 6th to 8th century. The figures look like tribal human people with not very precise body carvings and strong phallic symbols. This set indicates that the philosophy comes from very ancient roots. It is not clear how or when the saying travelled ; in Ethiopia the Ge'ez language has the saying `` Let the eye fast, let the mouth fast, let the ears fast. '' Meaning of the proverb Three wise monkeys on the beach in Barcelona Just as there is disagreement about the origin of the phrase, there are differing explanations of the meaning of `` see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil ''. In Buddhist tradition, the tenets of the proverb are about not dwelling on evil thoughts. In the Western world both the proverb and the image are often used to refer to a lack of moral responsibility on the part of people who refuse to acknowledge impropriety, looking the other way or feigning ignorance. It may also signify a code of silence in gangs, or organized crime. Variations Sometimes there is a fourth monkey depicted, Shizaru, who symbolizes the principle of `` do no evil ''. He may be shown crossing his arms or covering his genitals. In another variation, a fourth monkey is depicted with a sulking posture and the caption `` have no fun ''. Yet another variation has the fourth monkey hold its nose to avoid a stench and has been dubbed `` smell no evil '' accordingly. Sculpture of four monkeys, the additional one resting its hands in its lap According to Osho Rajneesh, the monkey symbolism originated in ancient Hindu tradition and Buddhist monks spread this symbolism across Asia. The original Hindu and Buddhist version contains 4 monkeys and the fourth monkey covers his genitals. The Buddhist version means this as `` Do n't do anything evil ''. In Hindu original version the meaning of the fourth monkey is totally different from the popular Buddhist version. It means, `` Hide your pleasures. Hide your enjoyment, do n't show it to anybody. '' Osho Rajneesh gave his own meaning regarding this. The first monkey denotes ' Do n't listen to the truth because it will disturb all your consoling lies '. The second monkey denotes ' Do n't look at the truth ; otherwise your God will be dead and your heaven and hell will disappear '. The third monkey denotes ' Do n't speak the truth, otherwise you will be condemned, crucified, poisoned, tortured by the whole crowd, the unconscious people. You will be condemned, do n't speak the truth ! ' The fourth monkey denotes `` Keep your pleasures, your joys, hidden. Do n't let anybody know that you are a cheerful man, a blissful man, an ecstatic man, because that will destroy your very life. It is dangerous ''. Cultural influences This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2012 ) Brass casting The three wise monkeys, and the associated proverb, are known throughout Asia and in the Western world. They have been a motif in pictures, such as the ukiyo - e ( Japanese woodblock printings ) by Keisai Eisen, and are frequently represented in modern culture. Mahatma Gandhi 's one notable exception to his lifestyle of non-possession was a small statue of the three monkeys. Today, a larger representation of the three monkeys is prominently displayed at the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where Gandhi lived from 1915 to 1930 and from where he departed on his famous salt march. Gandhi 's statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta, Gandhi 's Three Monkeys. The maxim inspired an award - winning 2008 Turkish film by director Nuri Bilge Ceylan called Three Monkeys ( Üç Maymun ). Unicode characters Unicode provides emoji representations of the monkeys in the Emoticons block as follows : Mizaru : U + 1F648 🙈 SEE - NO - EVIL MONKEY Kikazaru : U + 1F649 🙉 HEAR - NO - EVIL MONKEY Iwazaru : U + 1F64A 🙊 SPEAK - NO - EVIL MONKEY See also Japan portal Culture portal Animals portal Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path : Right speech and right action Humata, Hukhta, Hvarshta, `` good thoughts, good words, good deeds '' in Zoroastrianism Lashon hara, prohibition of gossip in Judaism Manasa, vacha, karmana, three Sanskrit words referring to mind, speech and actions Three Vajras, a formulation in Tibetan Buddhism referring to body, speech and mind The colloquial expression `` brass monkey '', a possible reference to the three monkeys Willful blindness, knowingly refraining from pursuing available information, or knowingly sheltering oneself from information Plausible deniability, being able to convincingly claim ignorance of something incriminating Notes Jump up ^ `` Three Mystic Apes '' term ( 1894 ) predates `` Three Wise Monkeys '' ( 1900 ) in Google Books Jump up ^ Wolfgang Mieder. 1981. `` The Proverbial Three Wise Monkeys, '' Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore, 7 : 5 - 38. Jump up ^ Oldest reference to the correct monkey names in English. Source : Japan Society of London ( 1893 ). Transactions and proceedings of the Japan Society, London, Volume 1. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. p. 98. ^ Jump up to : Pornpimol Kanchanalak ( 21 April 2011 ). `` Searching for the fourth monkey in a corrupted world ''. The Nation. Thailand. Retrieved 19 June 2017. Jump up ^ Oldest references ( 1926 -- 1984 ) for Mikazaru in Google Books Jump up ^ Oldest reference of the incorrect Mazaru in Google Books. Source : Anderson, Isabel ( 1920 ). The spell of Japan. Page. p. 379. Jump up ^ Worth, Fred L. ( 1974 ). The Trivia Encyclopedia. Brooke House. p. 262. ISBN 0 - 912588 - 12 - 8. Jump up ^ Shipley, Joseph Twadell ( 2001 ). The Origins of English Words : A Discursive Dictionary of Indo - European Roots. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 249. ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6784 - 3. Jump up ^ Original text : 論語 ( in Chinese ), Analects ( in English ) Jump up ^ Joly, Henri L. ( 1908 ). `` Legend in Japanese Art ''. London, New York : J. Lane. p. 10. Retrieved 13 December 2011. Jump up ^ Cultures and Civilisations in Southeast Asia. Private museum in Budapest, Hungary. Jump up ^ Afeworq Tareqeny. 2008 ( Ethiopian calendar ). Anəggarä məsale zägə'əz. Addis Ababa. p. 9. Jump up ^ Tom Oleson ( 29 October 2011 ). `` How about monkey see, monkey DON 'T do next time ? ''. Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 25 July 2012. Jump up ^ Osho on zen. `` I celebrate myself : God is no where, Life is now here ''. Chapter 1 : The grand Rebellion. Question 1. Jump up ^ `` QMA unveils Gandhi 's ' Three Monkeys ' at Katara ''. Qatar Tribune. 28 May 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012. Jump up ^ Unicode 6.0. 0 characters in Emoticons block : SEE - NO - EVIL MONKEY `` 🙈 '', HEAR - NO - EVIL MONKEY `` 🙉 '' and SPEAK - NO - EVIL MONKEY `` 🙊 ''. References Titelman, Gregory Y. ( 2000 ). Random House Dictionary of America 's Popular Proverbs and Sayings ( second ed. ). New York : Random House. ISBN 0 - 375 - 70584 - 8. Archer Taylor, `` Audi, Vidi, Tace '' and the three monkeys A.W. Smith, Folklore, Vol. 104, No. 1⁄2 pp. 144 -- 150 `` On the Ambiguity of the Three Wise Monkeys '' External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Three monkeys. Wikiquote has quotations related to : Japanese proverbs Wikiquote has quotations related to : List of proverbs Collector 's picture gallery Information compiled by collectors Monkey ( saru ) - Kōshin on onmarkproductions.com More Information compiled by Collectors GND : 4998974 - 1 NDL : 01183836 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&oldid=795285269 '' Categories : Japanese folklore Metaphors referring to animals Monkeys Hidden categories : Articles with Chinese - language external links All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from December 2011 Articles lacking in - text citations from August 2010 All articles lacking in - text citations Articles containing Japanese - language text Articles containing Chinese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles needing additional references from November 2012 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Հայերեն Italiano עברית മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2017, at 06 : 49. 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Question: where does see no evil hear no evil speak no evil come from
Answer: Nikkō, Japan