Gabriel García Márquez - wikipedia Gabriel García Márquez This name uses Spanish naming customs : the first or paternal family name is García and the second or maternal family name is Márquez. Gabriel García Márquez Gabriel García Márquez in 2002 Gabriel José García Márquez ( nickname - Gabito or Gabo ) ( 1927 - 03 - 06 ) 6 March 1927 Aracataca, Colombia 17 April 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 17 ) ( aged 87 ) Mexico City, Mexico Nationality Colombian Alma mater Universidad Nacional de Colombia Genre Novels, short stories Literary movement Latin American Boom, magic realism Notable works One Hundred Years of Solitude, The Autumn of the Patriarch, Love in the Time of Cholera, Chronicle of a Death Foretold Notable awards Neustadt International Prize for Literature 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 Spouse Mercedes Barcha Pardo Children Rodrigo, Gonzalo Signature Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez ( / ɡɑːrˈsiːə ˈmɑːrkɛs / ; American Spanish : ( ɡaˈβɾjel ɣarˈsi. a ˈmarkes ) ( listen ) ; 6 March 1927 -- 17 April 2014 ) was a Colombian novelist, short - story writer, screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo ( ˈɡaβo ) or Gabito ( ɡaˈβito ) throughout Latin America. Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century and one of the best in the Spanish language, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. He pursued a self - directed education that resulted in his leaving law school for a career in journalism. From early on, he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics. In 1958, he married Mercedes Barcha ; they had two sons, Rodrigo and Gonzalo. García Márquez started as a journalist, and wrote many acclaimed non-fiction works and short stories, but is best known for his novels, such as One Hundred Years of Solitude ( 1967 ), The Autumn of the Patriarch ( 1975 ), and Love in the Time of Cholera ( 1985 ). His works have achieved significant critical acclaim and widespread commercial success, most notably for popularizing a literary style known as magic realism, which uses magical elements and events in otherwise ordinary and realistic situations. Some of his works are set in the fictional village of Macondo ( mainly inspired by his birthplace, Aracataca ), and most of them explore the theme of solitude. Upon García Márquez 's death in April 2014, Juan Manuel Santos, the President of Colombia, called him `` the greatest Colombian who ever lived. '' Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.1. 1 Education and Adulthood 1.2 Journalism 1.3 Politics 1.3. 1 The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor 1.4 QAP 1.5 Marriage and family 1.6 Leaf Storm 1.7 One Hundred Years of Solitude 1.8 Fame 1.9 Autumn of the Patriarch 1.10 The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother 1.11 Chronicle of a Death Foretold 1.12 Love in the Time of Cholera 1.13 News of a Kidnapping 1.14 Living to Tell the Tale and Memories of My Melancholy Whores 1.15 Film and opera 1.16 Later life and death 1.16. 1 Declining health 1.16. 2 Death and funeral 2 Style 2.1 Realism and Magical Realism 3 Themes 3.1 Solitude 3.2 Macondo 3.3 La Violencia 4 Legacy 4.1 Nobel Prize 5 García Márquez in fiction 6 List of works 6.1 Novels 6.2 Novellas 6.3 Short story collections 6.4 Non-fiction 6.5 Films 6.6 Adaptations based on his works 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Notes 8.2 Bibliography 8.3 Further reading 9 External links 9.1 Movies Biography Early life García Márquez billboard in Aracataca : `` I feel Latin American from whatever country, but I have never renounced the nostalgia of my homeland : Aracataca, to which I returned one day and discovered that between reality and nostalgia was the raw material for my work ''. -- Gabriel García Márquez Gabriel García Márquez was born on 6 March 1927 in Aracataca, Colombia, to Gabriel Eligio García and Luisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán. Soon after García Márquez was born, his father became a pharmacist and moved, with his wife, to Barranquilla, leaving young Gabriel in Aracataca. He was raised by his maternal grandparents, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán and Colonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía. In December 1936, his father took him and his brother to Sincé, while in March 1937, his grandfather died ; the family then moved first ( back ) to Barranquilla and then on to Sucre, where his father started up a pharmacy. When his parents fell in love, their relationship met with resistance from Luisa Santiaga Márquez 's father, the Colonel. Gabriel Eligio García was not the man the Colonel had envisioned winning the heart of his daughter : he ( Gabriel Eligio ) was a Conservative, and had the reputation of being a womanizer. Gabriel Eligio wooed Luisa with violin serenades, love poems, countless letters, and even telephone messages after her father sent her away with the intention of separating the young couple. Her parents tried everything to get rid of the man, but he kept coming back, and it was obvious their daughter was committed to him. Her family finally capitulated and gave her permission to marry him ( The tragicomic story of their courtship would later be adapted and recast as Love in the Time of Cholera. ) Since García Márquez 's parents were more or less strangers to him for the first few years of his life, his grandparents influenced his early development very strongly. His grandfather, whom he called `` Papalelo '', was a Liberal veteran of the Thousand Days War. The Colonel was considered a hero by Colombian Liberals and was highly respected. He was well known for his refusal to remain silent about the banana massacres that took place the year after García Márquez was born. The Colonel, whom García Márquez described as his `` umbilical cord with history and reality, '' was also an excellent storyteller. He taught García Márquez lessons from the dictionary, took him to the circus each year, and was the first to introduce his grandson to ice -- a `` miracle '' found at the United Fruit Company store. He would also occasionally tell his young grandson `` You ca n't imagine how much a dead man weighs '', reminding him that there was no greater burden than to have killed a man, a lesson that García Márquez would later integrate into his novels. García Márquez 's grandmother, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes, played an influential role in his upbringing. He was inspired by the way she `` treated the extraordinary as something perfectly natural. '' The house was filled with stories of ghosts and premonitions, omens and portents, all of which were studiously ignored by her husband. According to García Márquez she was `` the source of the magical, superstitious and supernatural view of reality ''. He enjoyed his grandmother 's unique way of telling stories. No matter how fantastic or improbable her statements, she always delivered them as if they were the irrefutable truth. It was a deadpan style that, some thirty years later, heavily influenced her grandson 's most popular novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude. Education and adulthood After arriving at Sucre, it was decided that García Márquez should start his formal education and he was sent to an internship in Barranquilla, a port on the mouth of the Río Magdalena. There, he gained a reputation of being a timid boy who wrote humorous poems and drew humorous comic strips. Serious and little interested in athletic activities, he was called El Viejo by his classmates. García Márquez took his first years of high school in the Colegio jesuita San José ( today Instituto San José ) from 1940, in which he published his first poems in the school magazine Juventud. Later, thanks to a scholarship given to him by the government, Gabriel was sent to study in Bogotá where he was relocated to the Liceo Nacional de Zipaquirá, a town located one hour from the capital, where he would finish his secondary studies. During his time at the Bogotá study house, García Márquez excelled in various sports, becoming team captain of the Liceo Nacional Zipaquirá team in three disciplines, soccer, baseball, and track. After his graduation in 1947, García Márquez stayed in Bogotá to study law at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, where he had a special dedication to reading. La metamorfosis by Franz Kafka, particularly in the false translation of Jorge Luis Borges, was a work that especially inspired him. He was excited with the idea of writing, not traditional literature, but a style similar to his grandfather 's stories, in which `` they inserted extraordinary events and anomalies as if they were simply an aspect of everyday life ''. His desire to be a writer grew. A little later, he published his first, La tercera resignación, which appeared in the 13 September 1947 edition of the newspaper El Espectador. Though his passion was writing, he continued with law in 1948 to please his father. After the so - called `` Bogotazo '' in 1948, some bloody disturbances that happened 9 April caused by the assassination of popular leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the university closed indefinitely and his pension was burned. García Márquez transferred to the Universidad de Cartagena and began working as a reporter of El Universal. In 1950, he ended his legal studies to focus on journalism and moved again to Barranquilla to work as a columnist and reporter in the newspaper El Heraldo. Though García Márquez never finished his higher studies, some universities, like the Universidad de Columbia New York, have given him an honorary doctorate in writing. Journalism García Márquez began his career as a journalist while studying law at the National University of Colombia. In 1948 and 1949 he wrote for El Universal in Cartagena. Later, from 1950 until 1952, he wrote a `` whimsical '' column under the name of `` Septimus '' for the local paper El Heraldo in Barranquilla. García Márquez noted of his time at El Heraldo, `` I 'd write a piece and they 'd pay me three pesos for it, and maybe an editorial for another three. '' During this time he became an active member of the informal group of writers and journalists known as the Barranquilla Group, an association that provided great motivation and inspiration for his literary career. He worked with inspirational figures such as Ramon Vinyes, whom García Márquez depicted as an Old Catalan who owns a bookstore in One Hundred Years of Solitude. At this time, García Márquez was also introduced to the works of writers such as Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner. Faulkner 's narrative techniques, historical themes and use of rural locations influenced many Latin American authors. The environment of Barranquilla gave García Márquez a world - class literary education and provided him with a unique perspective on Caribbean culture. From 1954 to 1955, García Márquez spent time in Bogotá and regularly wrote for Bogotá 's El Espectador. He was a regular film critic which drove his interest in film. In December 1957, García Márquez accepted a position in Caracas in the newspaper El Momento. He arrived to the Venezuelan capital on 23 December 1957, and began working right away at El Momento. García Márquez also assisted in the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état, leading to the exile of the president Marcos Pérez Jiménez. Following this event, García Márquez wrote an article, `` The participation of the clergy in the struggle '', describing the Church of Venezuela opposition against Jiménez 's regime. In March 1958 he made a trip to Colombia, where he married Mercedes Barcha and together they came back to Caracas. In May 1958, disagreeing with the owner of Momento, he resigned and became shortly afterwards editor of the newspaper Venezuela Gráfica. Politics Marquez was a `` committed Leftist '' throughout his life, adhering to socialist beliefs. In 1991, Marquez published Changing the History of Africa an admiring study of Cuban activities in the Angolan Civil War and the larger South African Border War. Marquez maintained a close but `` nuanced '' friendship with Fidel Castro, praising the achievements of the Cuban Revolution, but criticizing aspects of governance and working to `` soften ( the ) roughest edges '' of the country. García Márquez 's political and ideological views were shaped by his grandfather 's stories. In an interview, García Márquez told his friend Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, `` my grandfather the Colonel was a Liberal. My political ideas probably came from him to begin with because, instead of telling me fairy tales when I was young, he would regale me with horrifying accounts of the last civil war that free - thinkers and anti-clerics waged against the Conservative government. '' This influenced his political views and his literary technique so that `` in the same way that his writing career initially took shape in conscious opposition to the Colombian literary status quo, García Márquez 's socialist and anti-imperialist views are in principled opposition to the global status quo dominated by the United States. '' The story of a shipwrecked sailor Main article : The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor Ending in controversy, his last domestically written editorial for El Espectador was a series of fourteen news articles in which he revealed the hidden story of how a Colombian Navy vessel 's shipwreck `` occurred because the boat contained a badly stowed cargo of contraband goods that broke loose on the deck. '' García Márquez compiled this story through interviews with a young sailor who survived the shipwreck. The publication of the articles resulted in public controversy, as they discredited the official account of the events, which had blamed a storm for the shipwreck, and glorified the surviving sailor. In response to this controversy El Espectador sent García Márquez away to Europe to be a foreign correspondent. He wrote about his experiences for El Independiente, a newspaper which had briefly replaced El Espectador during the military government of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and was later shut down by Colombian authorities. García Márquez 's background in journalism provided a foundational base for his writing career. Literary critic Bell - Villada noted, `` Owing to his hands - on experiences in journalism, García Márquez is, of all the great living authors, the one who is closest to everyday reality. '' QAP García Márquez was one of the original founders of QAP, a newscast that aired between 1992 and 1997. He was attracted to the project by the promise of editorial and journalistic independence. Marriage and family García Márquez met Mercedes Barcha while she was at school ; they decided to wait for her to finish before getting married. When he was sent to Europe as a foreign correspondent, Mercedes waited for him to return to Barranquilla. Finally they married in 1958. The following year, their first son, Rodrigo García, now a television and film director, was born. In 1961, the family traveled by Greyhound bus throughout the southern United States and eventually settled in Mexico City. García Márquez had always wanted to see the Southern United States because it inspired the writings of William Faulkner. Three years later the couple 's second son, Gonzalo, was born in Mexico. Gonzalo is currently a graphic designer in Mexico City. Leaf Storm Main article : Leaf Storm Leaf Storm ( La Hojarasca ) is García Márquez 's first novella and took seven years to find a publisher, finally being published in 1955. García Márquez notes that `` of all that he had written ( as of 1973 ), Leaf Storm was his favorite because he felt that it was the most sincere and spontaneous. '' All the events of the novella take place in one room, during a half - hour period on Wednesday 12 September 1928. It is the story of an old colonel ( similar to García Márquez 's own grandfather ) who tries to give a proper Christian burial to an unpopular French doctor. The colonel is supported only by his daughter and grandson. The novella explores the child 's first experience with death by following his stream of consciousness. The book also reveals the perspective of Isabel, the Colonel 's daughter, which provides a feminine point of view. One Hundred Years of Solitude Main article : One Hundred Years of Solitude Since García Márquez was eighteen, he had wanted to write a novel based on his grandparents ' house where he grew up. However, he struggled with finding an appropriate tone and put off the idea until one day the answer hit him while driving his family to Acapulco. He turned the car around and the family returned home so he could begin writing. He sold his car so his family would have money to live on while he wrote, but writing the novel took far longer than he expected, and he wrote every day for eighteen months. His wife had to ask for food on credit from their butcher and their baker as well as nine months of rent on credit from their landlord. During the eighteen months of writing, García Márquez met with two couples, Eran Carmen and Álvaro Mutis, and María Luisa Elío and Jomí García Ascot, every night and discussed the progress of the novel, trying out different versions. Fortunately, when the book was finally published in 1967 it became his most commercially successful novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, which sold more than 30 million copies ( Cien años de soledad ) ( 1967 ; English translation by Gregory Rabassa 1970 ) and was dedicated `` Para ( to ) Jomí García Ascot y María Luisa Elío ''. The story chronicles several generations of the Buendía family from the time they founded the fictional South American village of Macondo, through their trials and tribulations, instances of incest, births and deaths. The history of Macondo is often generalized by critics to represent rural towns throughout Latin America or at least near García Márquez 's native Aracataca. This novel was widely popular and led to García Márquez 's Nobel Prize as well as the Rómulo Gallegos Prize in 1972. William Kennedy has called it `` the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race, '' and hundreds of articles and books of literary critique have been published in response to it. Despite the many accolades the book received, García Márquez tended to downplay its success. He once remarked : `` Most critics do n't realize that a novel like One Hundred Years of Solitude is a bit of a joke, full of signals to close friends ; and so, with some pre-ordained right to pontificate they take on the responsibility of decoding the book and risk making terrible fools of themselves. '' Fame García Márquez signing a copy of One Hundred Years of Solitude in Havana, Cuba After writing One Hundred Years of Solitude García Márquez returned to Europe, this time bringing along his family, to live in Barcelona, Spain, for seven years. The international recognition García Márquez earned with the publication of the novel led to his ability to act as a facilitator in several negotiations between the Colombian government and the guerrillas, including the former 19th of April Movement ( M - 19 ), and the current FARC and ELN organizations. The popularity of his writing also led to friendships with powerful leaders, including one with former Cuban president Fidel Castro, which has been analyzed in Gabo and Fidel : Portrait of a Friendship. It was during this time that he was punched in the face by Mario Vargas Llosa in what became one of the largest feuds in modern literature. In an interview with Claudia Dreifus in 1982 García Márquez notes his relationship with Castro is mostly based on literature : `` Ours is an intellectual friendship. It may not be widely known that Fidel is a very cultured man. When we 're together, we talk a great deal about literature. '' This relationship was criticized by Cuban exile writer Reinaldo Arenas, in his 1992 memoir Antes de que Anochezca ( Before Night Falls ). Due to his newfound fame and his outspoken views on U.S. imperialism Garcia Márquez was labeled as a subversive and for many years was denied visas by U.S. immigration authorities. After Bill Clinton was elected U.S. president, he lifted the travel ban and cited One Hundred Years of Solitude as his favorite novel. Autumn of the Patriarch Main article : Autumn of the Patriarch García Márquez was inspired to write a dictator novel when he witnessed the flight of Venezuelan dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez. He shares, `` it was the first time we had seen a dictator fall in Latin America. '' García Márquez began writing Autumn of the Patriarch ( El otoño del patriarca ) in 1968 and said it was finished in 1971 ; however, he continued to embellish the dictator novel until 1975 when it was published in Spain. According to García Márquez, the novel is a `` poem on the solitude of power '' as it follows the life of an eternal dictator known as the General. The novel is developed through a series of anecdotes related to the life of the General, which do not appear in chronological order. Although the exact location of the story is not pin - pointed in the novel, the imaginary country is situated somewhere in the Caribbean. García Márquez gave his own explanation of the plot : My intention was always to make a synthesis of all the Latin American dictators, but especially those from the Caribbean. Nevertheless, the personality of Juan Vicente Gomez ( of Venezuela ) was so strong, in addition to the fact that he exercised a special fascination over me, that undoubtedly the Patriarch has much more of him than anyone else. After Autumn of the Patriarch was published García Márquez and his family moved from Barcelona to Mexico City and García Márquez pledged not to publish again until the Chilean Dictator Augusto Pinochet was deposed. However, he ultimately published Chronicle of a Death Foretold while Pinochet was still in power as he `` could not remain silent in the face of injustice and repression. '' The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and her Heartless grandmother Main article : The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother ( Spanish : La increíble y triste historia de la cándida Eréndira y de su abuela desalmada ) presents the story of a young mulatto girl who dreams of freedom, but can not escape the reach of her avaricious grandmother. The plot of the novella describes the life journey of fourteen - year - old Eréndira, who is living with her grandmother when she accidentally sets fire to their home. The grandmother forces Eréndira to repay the debt by becoming a prostitute as they travel the road as vagrants. Men line up to enjoy Eréndira 's services. She eventually escapes with the assistance of her affectionate and somewhat gullible lover, Ulises, but only after he murders her grandmother. After the murder, Eréndira runs off into the night alone, leaving him in the tent with the dead body of her grandmother. Eréndira and her grandmother make an appearance in One Hundred Years of Solitude, an earlier novel by García Márquez. The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother was published in 1978. The novella was adapted to the 1983 art film Eréndira, directed by Ruy Guerra. Chronicle of a death Foretold Main article : Chronicle of a Death Foretold Chronicle of a Death Foretold ( Crónica de una muerte anunciada ) recreates a murder that took place in Sucre, Colombia in 1951. The character named Santiago Nasar is based on a good friend from García Márquez 's childhood, Cayetano Gentile Chimento. Pelayo classifies this novel as a combination of journalism, realism and detective story. The plot of the novel revolves around Santiago Nasar 's murder. The narrator acts as a detective, uncovering the events of the murder second by second. Literary critic Ruben Pelayo notes that the story `` unfolds in an inverted fashion. Instead of moving forward... the plot moves backwards. '' In the first chapter, the narrator tells the reader exactly who killed Santiago Nasar and the rest of the book is left to unfold why. Chronicle of a Death Foretold was published in 1981, the year before García Márquez was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. The novel was also adapted into a film by Italian director Francesco Rosi in 1987. Love in the time of Cholera Main article : Love in the Time of Cholera Love in the Time of Cholera ( El amor en los tiempos del cólera ) was first published in 1985. It is considered a non-traditional love story as `` lovers find love in their ' golden years ' -- in their seventies, when death is all around them ''. Love in the Time of Cholera is based on the stories of two couples. The young love of Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza is based on the love affair of García Márquez 's parents. However, as García Márquez explains in an interview : `` The only difference is ( my parents ) married. And as soon as they were married, they were no longer interesting as literary figures. '' The love of old people is based on a newspaper story about the death of two Americans, who were almost 80 years old, who met every year in Acapulco. They were out in a boat one day and were murdered by the boatman with his oars. García Márquez notes, `` Through their death, the story of their secret romance became known. I was fascinated by them. They were each married to other people. '' News of a kidnapping Main article : News of a Kidnapping News of a Kidnapping ( Noticia de un secuestro ) was first published in 1996. It is a non-fiction book that examines a series of related kidnappings and Narco - terrorist actions committed in the early 1990s in Colombia by the Medellín Cartel, a drug cartel founded and operated by Pablo Escobar. The text recounts the kidnapping, imprisonment, and eventual release of prominent figures in Colombia, including politicians and members of the press. The original idea of the book was proposed to García Márquez by the former minister for education Maruja Pachón Castro and Colombian diplomat Luis Alberto Villamizar Cárdenas, both of whom were among the many victims of a Pablo Escobar 's attempt to pressure the government to stop his extradition by committing a series of kidnappings, murders and terrorist actions. Living to tell the Tale and Memories of my Melancholy Whores In 2002, García Márquez published the memoir Vivir para contarla, the first of a projected three - volume autobiography. Edith Grossman 's English translation, Living to Tell the Tale, was published in November 2003. October 2004 brought the publication of a novel, Memories of My Melancholy Whores ( Memoria de mis putas tristes ), a love story that follows the romance of a 90 - year - old man and a pubescent concubine. Memories of My Melancholy Whores caused controversy in Iran, where it was banned after an initial 5,000 copies were printed and sold. Film and opera García Márquez with the Colombian Culture Minister Paula Moreno ( left ) at the Guadalajara International Film Festival, in Guadalajara, Mexico, in March 2009 Critics often describe the language that García Márquez 's imagination produces as visual or graphic, and he himself explains each of his stories is inspired by `` a visual image, '' so it comes as no surprise that he had a long and involved history with film. He was a film critic, he founded and served as executive director of the Film Institute in Havana, was the head of the Latin American Film Foundation, and wrote several screenplays. For his first script he worked with Carlos Fuentes on Juan Rulfo 's El gallo de oro. His other screenplays include the films Tiempo de morir ( 1966 ), ( 1985 ) and Un señor muy viejo con unas alas enormes ( 1988 ), as well as the television series Amores difíciles ( 1991 ). García Márquez also originally wrote his Eréndira as a third screenplay. However, this version was lost and replaced by the novella. Nonetheless, he worked on rewriting the script in collaboration with Ruy Guerra and the film was released in Mexico in 1983. Several of his stories have inspired other writers and directors. In 1987, the Italian director Francesco Rosi directed the movie Cronaca di una morte annunciata based on Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Several film adaptations have been made in Mexico, including Miguel Littin 's La Viuda de Montiel ( 1979 ), Jaime Humberto Hermosillo 's Maria de mi corazón ( 1979 ), and Arturo Ripstein 's El coronel no tiene quien le escriba ( 1998 ). British director Mike Newell ( Four Weddings and a Funeral ) filmed Love in the Time of Cholera in Cartagena, Colombia, with the screenplay written by Ronald Harwood ( The Pianist ). The film was released in the U.S. on 16 November 2007. His novel Of Love and Other Demons was adapted and directed by a Costa Rican filmmaker, Hilda Hidalgo, who is a graduate of the Film Institute at Havana where García Márquez would frequently impart screenplay workshops. Hidalgo 's film was released in April 2010. The same novel was adapted by Hungarian composer Péter Eötvös to form the opera Love and Other Demons, premiered in 2008 at Glyndebourne Festival. Later life and death Declining health In 1999, García Márquez was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer. Chemotherapy provided by a hospital in Los Angeles proved to be successful, and the illness went into remission. This event prompted García Márquez to begin writing his memoirs : `` I reduced relations with my friends to a minimum, disconnected the telephone, canceled the trips and all sorts of current and future plans '', he told El Tiempo, the Colombian newspaper, ``... and locked myself in to write every day without interruption. '' In 2002, three years later, he published Living to Tell the Tale ( Vivir para Contarla ), the first volume in a projected trilogy of memoirs. In 2000, his impending death was incorrectly reported by Peruvian daily newspaper La República. The next day other newspapers republished his alleged farewell poem, `` La Marioneta, '' but shortly afterwards García Márquez denied being the author of the poem, which was determined to be the work of a Mexican ventriloquist. He stated that 2005 `` was the first ( year ) in my life in which I have n't written even a line. With my experience, I could write a new novel without any problems, but people would realise my heart was n't in it. '' In May 2008, it was announced that García Márquez was finishing a new `` novel of love '' that had yet to be given a title, to be published by the end of the year. However, in April 2009 his agent, Carmen Balcells, told the Chilean newspaper La Tercera that García Márquez was unlikely to write again. This was disputed by Random House Mondadori editor Cristobal Pera, who stated that García Márquez was completing a new novel called We 'll Meet in August ( En agosto nos vemos ). In December 2008, García Márquez told fans at the Guadalajara book fair that writing had worn him out. In 2009, responding to claims by both his literary agent and his biographer that his writing career was over, he told Colombian newspaper El Tiempo : `` Not only is it not true, but the only thing I do is write ''. In 2012, his brother Jaime announced that García Márquez was suffering from dementia. In April 2014, García Márquez was hospitalized in Mexico. He had infections in his lungs and his urinary tract, and was suffering from dehydration. He was responding well to antibiotics. Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto wrote on Twitter, `` I wish him a speedy recovery ''. Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos said his country was thinking of the author and said in a tweet `` All of Colombia wishes a speedy recovery to the greatest of all time : Gabriel García Márquez ''. Death and funeral García Márquez died of pneumonia at the age of 87 on 17 April 2014 in Mexico City. His death was confirmed by his relative Fernanda Familiar on Twitter, and by his former editor Cristóbal Pera. The Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos mentioned : `` One Hundred Years of Solitude and sadness for the death of the greatest Colombian of all time ''. The former Colombian president Álvaro Uribe Vélez said : `` Master García Márquez, thanks forever, millions of people in the planet fell in love with our nation fascinated with your lines ''. At the time of his death, he had a wife and two sons. Garcia Marquez was cremated at a private family ceremony in Mexico City. On 22 April, the presidents of Colombia and Mexico attended a formal ceremony in Mexico City, where Garcia Marquez had lived for more than three decades. A funeral cortege took the urn containing his ashes from his house to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, where the memorial ceremony was held. Earlier, residents in his home town of Aracataca in Colombia 's Caribbean region held a symbolic funeral. Style `` Gabo '' wearing a `` sombrero vueltiao '' hat, typical of the Colombian Caribbean region. Most of the stories by García Márquez revolve around the idiosyncrasy of this region. While there are certain aspects readers can almost always expect in García Márquez 's writing, like instances of humour, he did not stick to any clear and predetermined style template. In an interview with Marlise Simons, García Márquez noted : In every book I try to make a different path (... ). One does n't choose the style. You can investigate and try to discover what the best style would be for a theme. But the style is determined by the subject, by the mood of the times. If you try to use something that is not suitable, it just wo n't work. Then the critics build theories around that and they see things I had n't seen. I only respond to our way of life, the life of the Caribbean. García Márquez was also noted for leaving out seemingly important details and events so the reader is forced into a more participatory role in the story development. For example, in No One Writes to the Colonel, the main characters are not given names. This practice is influenced by Greek tragedies, such as Antigone and Oedipus Rex, in which important events occur off - stage and are left to the audience 's imagination. Realism and magical realism Reality is an important theme in all of García Márquez 's works. He said of his early works ( with the exception of Leaf Storm ), `` Nobody Writes to the Colonel, In Evil Hour, and Big Mama 's Funeral all reflect the reality of life in Colombia and this theme determines the rational structure of the books. I do n't regret having written them, but they belong to a kind of premeditated literature that offers too static and exclusive a vision of reality. '' In his other works he experimented more with less traditional approaches to reality, so that `` the most frightful, the most unusual things are told with the deadpan expression ''. A commonly cited example is the physical and spiritual ascending into heaven of a character while she is hanging the laundry out to dry in One Hundred Years of Solitude. The style of these works fits in the `` marvellous realm '' described by the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier and was labeled as magical realism. Literary critic Michael Bell proposes an alternative understanding for García Márquez 's style, as the category magic realism is criticized for being dichotomizing and exoticizing, `` what is really at stake is a psychological suppleness which is able to inhabit unsentimentally the daytime world while remaining open to the promptings of those domains which modern culture has, by its own inner logic, necessarily marginalised or repressed. '' García Márquez and his friend Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza discuss his work in a similar way, `` The way you treat reality in your books... has been called magical realism. I have the feeling your European readers are usually aware of the magic of your stories but fail to see the reality behind it... '' `` This is surely because their rationalism prevents them seeing that reality is n't limited to the price of tomatoes and eggs. '' Themes Solitude The theme of solitude runs through much of García Márquez 's works. As Pelayo notes, `` Love in the Time of Cholera, like all of Gabriel García Márquez 's work, explores the solitude of the individual and of humankind... portrayed through the solitude of love and of being in love ''. In response to Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza 's question, `` If solitude is the theme of all your books, where should we look for the roots of this over-riding emotion ? In your childhood perhaps ? '' García Márquez replied, `` I think it 's a problem everybody has. Everyone has his own way and means of expressing it. The feeling pervades the work of so many writers, although some of them may express it unconsciously. '' In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Solitude of Latin America, he relates this theme of solitude to the Latin American experience, `` The interpretation of our reality through patterns not our own, serves only to make us ever more unknown, ever less free, ever more solitary. '' Macondo Another important theme in many of García Márquez 's work is the setting of the village he calls Macondo. He uses his home town of Aracataca, Colombia as a cultural, historical and geographical reference to create this imaginary town, but the representation of the village is not limited to this specific area. García Márquez shares, `` Macondo is not so much a place as a state of mind, which allows you to see what you want, and how you want to see it. '' Even when his stories do not take place in Macondo, there is often still a consistent lack of specificity to the location. So while they are often set with `` a Caribbean coastline and an Andean hinterland... ( the settings are ) otherwise unspecified, in accordance with García Márquez 's evident attempt to capture a more general regional myth rather than give a specific political analysis. '' This fictional town has become well known in the literary world. As Stavans notes of Macondo, `` its geography and inhabitants constantly invoked by teachers, politicians, and tourist agents... '' makes it ``... hard to believe it is a sheer fabrication. '' In Leaf Storm García Márquez depicts the realities of the Banana Boom in Macondo, which include a period of great wealth during the presence of the US companies and a period of depression upon the departure of the American banana companies. As well, One Hundred Years of Solitude takes place in Macondo and tells the complete history of the fictional town from its founding to its doom. In his autobiography, García Márquez explains his fascination with the word and concept Macondo. He describes a trip he made with his mother back to Aracataca as a young man : The train stopped at a station that had no town, and a short while later it passed the only banana plantation along the route that had its name written over the gate : Macondo. This word had attracted my attention ever since the first trips I had made with my grandfather, but I discovered only as an adult that I liked its poetic resonance. I never heard anyone say it and did not even ask myself what it meant... I happened to read in an encyclopedia that it is a tropical tree resembling the Ceiba. La violencia In several of García Márquez 's works, including No One Writes to the Colonel, In Evil Hour, and Leaf Storm, he referenced La Violencia ( the violence ), `` a brutal civil war between conservatives and liberals that lasted into the 1960s, causing the deaths of several hundred thousand Colombians ''. Throughout all of his novels there are subtle references to la violencia. For example, characters live under various unjust situations like curfew, press censorship, and underground newspapers. In Evil Hour, while not one of García Márquez 's most famous novels, is notable for its portrayal of la violencia with its `` fragmented portrayal of social disintegration provoked by la violencia ''. Although García Márquez did portray the corrupt nature and the injustices of times like la violencia, he refused to use his work as a platform for political propaganda. `` For him, the duty of the revolutionary writer is to write well, and the ideal novel is one that moves its reader by its political and social content, and, at the same time, by its power to penetrate reality and expose its other side. Legacy Whether in fiction or nonfiction, in the epic novel or the concentrated story, Márquez is now recognized in the words of Carlos Fuentes as `` the most popular and perhaps the best writer in Spanish since Cervantes ''. He is one of those very rare artists who succeed in chronicling not only a nation 's life, culture and history, but also those of an entire continent, and a master storyteller who, as The New York Review of Books once said, `` forces upon us at every page the wonder and extravagance of life. '' García Márquez 's work is an important part of the Latin American Boom of literature. His work has challenged critics of Colombian literature to step out of the conservative criticism that had been dominant before the success of One Hundred Years of Solitude. In a review of literary criticism Robert Sims notes, García Márquez continues to cast a lengthy shadow in Colombia, Latin America, and the United States. Critical works on the 1982 Nobel laureate have reached industrial proportion and show no signs of abating. Moreover, García Márquez has galvanized Colombian literature in an unprecedented way by giving a tremendous impetus to Colombian literature. Indeed, he has become a touchstone for literature and criticism throughout the Americas as his work has created a certain attraction - repulsion among critics and writers while readers continue to devour new publications. No one can deny that García Márquez has helped rejuvenate, reformulate, and recontextualize literature and criticism in Colombia and the rest of Latin America. Following his death, García Márquez 's family made the decision to deposit his papers and some of his personal effects at The University of Texas at Austin 's Harry Ransom Center, a humanities research library and museum. Nobel Prize Main article : The Solitude of Latin America García Márquez received the Nobel Prize in Literature on 8 December 1982 `` for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent 's life and conflicts ''. His acceptance speech was entitled `` The Solitude of Latin America ''. García Márquez was the first Colombian and fourth Latin American to win a Nobel Prize for Literature. After becoming a Nobel laureate, García Márquez stated to a correspondent : `` I have the impression that in giving me the prize, they have taken into account the literature of the sub-continent and have awarded me as a way of awarding all of this literature ''. García Márquez in Fiction A year after his death, García Márquez appears as a notable character in Claudia Amengual 's novel Cartagena, set in Uruguay and Colombia In Dexter ( season 3 ), episode 10 ( `` Go Your Own Way '' ), the title character gains access to Miguel Prado 's personal study by telling Prado 's housekeeper, Norma, he wants to give Prado a best man gift of a García Márquez limited edition book Prado does n't already have, that Dexter needs to see which books are already in Prado 's library, and Norma should keep the gift and visit a secret. In John Green 's novel `` Looking for Alaska '', Gabriel García Márquez is mentioned several times. List of works Novels In Evil Hour ( 1962 ) One Hundred Years of Solitude ( 1967 ) The Autumn of the Patriarch ( 1975 ) Love in the Time of Cholera ( 1985 ) The General in His Labyrinth ( 1989 ) Of Love and Other Demons ( 1994 ) Novellas Leaf Storm ( 1955 ) No One Writes to the Colonel ( 1961 ) The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother ( 1972 ) Chronicle of a Death Foretold ( 1981 ) Memories of My Melancholy Whores ( 2004 ) Short story collections Eyes of a Blue Dog ( 1947 ) A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings ( 1955 ) Big Mama 's Funeral ( 1962 ) One of These Days ( 1962 ) Collected Stories ( 1984 ) Strange Pilgrims ( 1993 ) La Día Prodigiosa de Baltazar ( 1980 ) Non-fiction The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor ( 1970 ) The Solitude of Latin America ( 1982 ) The Fragrance of Guava ( 1982, with Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza ) Clandestine in Chile ( 1986 ) Changing the History of Africa : Angola and Namibia ( 1991, with David Deutschmann ) News of a Kidnapping ( 1996 ) A Country for Children ( 1998 ) Living to Tell the Tale ( 2002 ) Films Year Film Credited as Director Writer 1954 The Blue Lobster Yes Yes 1964 The Golden Cockerel Yes 1965 Love, Love, Love ( Lola de mi vida segment ) Yes 1966 Time to Die Yes 1967 Dangerous Game Yes 1968 4 contra el crimen Yes Presage Yes 1979 Mary my Dearest Yes 1979 The Year of the Plague Yes Eréndira Yes 1985 Time to Die Yes 1988 A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Yes 1988 Fable of the Beautiful Pigeon Fancier Yes 1989 A Happy Sunday Yes 1989 Letters from the Park Yes 1989 Miracle in Rome Yes 1990 Do n't Fool with Love : The Two Way Mirror Yes 1991 Far Apart Yes 1991 La María Yes 1992 Me alquilo para soñar Yes 1993 Crónicas de una generación trágica Yes Oedipus Mayor Yes Saturday Night Thief Yes 2001 The Invisible Children Yes 2006 ZA 05. Lo viejo y lo nuevo Yes 2011 Lessons for a Kiss Yes Adaptations based on his works There Are No Thieves in This Village ( 1965, Alberto Isaac ) Patsy, My Love ( 1969, Manuel Michel, based on a non-published story ) The Widow of Montiel ( 1979, Miguel Littín ) The Sea of Lost Time ( 1980, Solveig Hoogesteijn ) One Hundred Years of Solitude ( 1981, Shūji Terayama ) Farewell to the Ark ( 1984, Shūji Terayama ) Time to Die ( 1984, Jorge Alí Triana ) Chronicle of a Death Foretold ( 1987, Francesco Rosi ) The Summer of Miss Forbes ( 1989, Jaime Humberto Hermosillo ) I 'm the One You 're Looking For ( 1989, Jaime Chávarri ) Only Death Is Bound to Come ( 1992, Marina Tsurtsumia ) Bloody Morning ( 1993, Shaohong Li ) No One Writes to the Colonel ( 1999, Arturo Ripstein ) In Evil Hour ( 2005, Ruy Guerra ) Love in the Time of Cholera ( 2007, Mike Newell ) Of Love and Other Demons ( 2009, Hilda Hidalgo ) Memories of My Melancholy Whores ( 2011, Henning Carlsen ) See also McOndo The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Vallenato References Notes Jump up ^ `` Garcia marquez Define Garcia marquez at Dictionary.com ''. Dictionary.reference.com. 2012 - 01 - 19. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ In isolation, García is pronounced ( ɡarˈsi. a ). Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 ''. Retrieved 18 April 2014. Jump up ^ Author Gabriel Garcia Marquez dies, BBC News, 17 April 2014. Jump up ^ `` Gabriel García Márquez : ' The greatest Colombian who ever lived ' Books ''. The Guardian. 2016 - 01 - 28. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ `` On Sunday 6 March 1928, at 9am, in the midst of an unseasonal rainstorm, a baby boy, Gabriel José García Márquez, was born. '' ( Martin 2008, p. 27 ) Jump up ^ Martin 2008, p. 27 Jump up ^ Martin 2008, p. 30 Jump up ^ García Márquez 2003, p. 11 Jump up ^ Martin 2008, pp. 58 -- 66 ^ Jump up to : Saldívar 1997, p. 82 ^ Jump up to : García Márquez 2003, p. 45 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, pp. 11 -- 12 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 85 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 83 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 87 ^ Jump up to : Saldívar 1997, p. 102 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 96 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 35 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 103 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 105 ^ Jump up to : Simons 1982 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 106 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 104 ^ Jump up to : Saldívar 1997, p. 107 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 13 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 12 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 96 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, pp. 97 -- 98 ^ Jump up to : Gerald MARTIN : Gabriel García Márquez : una vida. Nueva York : Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009 ; ISBN 0 - 307 - 47228 - 0, 9780307472281. Jump up ^ `` Cristina Pestaña : ¿ Quién tradujo por primera vez La metamorfosis al castellano ? - no 11 Espéculo ''. Ucm.es. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ Bell 1993, p. 6 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 2006, p. 84 ^ Jump up to : Pelayo 2001, p. 5 ^ Jump up to : Bell 1993, p. 7 Jump up ^ `` Gabriel García Márquez on Fidel Castro, the Soviet Union, and creating `` a government which would make the poor happy. '' ``. Jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ Whitney, Joel ( 2014 - 04 - 19 ). `` Gabriel García Márquez and Fidel Castro : A complex and nuanced comraderie Al Jazeera America ''. America.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1982, p. 96 Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 98 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 1990, p. 63 ^ Jump up to : McMurray 1987, p. 6 Jump up ^ McMurray 1987, p. 7 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 6 Jump up ^ Lleras Camargo, Alberto ( in Spanish ), Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, retrieved 2 December 2008 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 1990, p. 62 Jump up ^ `` LA ÚLTIMA EMISIÓN DE QAP - Archivo Digital de Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo desde 1.990 ''. Eltiempo.com. 1997 - 12 - 30. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ Saldívar 1997, p. 372 ^ Jump up to : Pelayo 2001, p. 7 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 2006, pp. xx -- xxi ^ Jump up to : Pelayo 2001, p. 8 ^ Jump up to : Bell - Villada 2006, p. xxi Jump up ^ `` Of love and other demons ''. Penguin Group. Archived from the original on 29 June 2008. Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 28 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, pp. 74 -- 75 ^ Jump up to : Jaime, Victor Nunez ( 21 April 2014 ). `` María Luisa Elío, la destinataria de Cien años de soledad ''. El País ( in Spanish ). Madrid, Spain : El País. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Jump up ^ `` BBC News -- Tributes pour in for Colombian author Gabriel Garcia Marquez ''. Bbc.com. 2014 - 04 - 18. Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 24. Jump up ^ Pelayo & García Márquez 2001, p. 97 ^ Jump up to : Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 72 Jump up ^ García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude, HarperCollins, ISBN 0 - 87352 - 535 - 3 Jump up ^ Vargas, Alejo, Gabriel García Márquez y la paz colombiana. ( in Spanish ), ElColombiano.com, retrieved 5 February 2008 Jump up ^ García Márquez media por la paz ( in Spanish ), BBC Mundo, 13 March 2007, retrieved 5 February 2008 Jump up ^ Esteban & Panichelli 2004 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 2006, p. 100 Jump up ^ Arenas 1993, p. 278 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 1990, p. 67 ^ Jump up to : Bell - Villada 2006, p. xxii Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & 19842, p. 81 Jump up ^ Kennedy 1976 Jump up ^ Williams 1984, p. 112 ^ Jump up to : Williams 1984, p. 111 ^ Jump up to : Maurya 1983, p. 58 ^ Jump up to : Pelayo 2001, p. 111 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 115 ^ Jump up to : Pelayo 2001, p. 112 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 113 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 11 ^ Jump up to : Bell - Villada 2006, p. 156 Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 2006, p. 157 Jump up ^ Maruja Pachón ex ministra de Educación, Enfoque -- Edición Impresa Semana.com -- Últimas Noticias ( in Spanish ) Jump up ^ García Márquez 2003 Jump up ^ Sarkouhi, Faraj ( 26 November 2007 ). `` Iran : Book Censorship The Rule, Not The Exception ''. Payvands ' Iran News. Retrieved 29 March 2008. Jump up ^ Ron, Jesus ( 4 December 2007 ). `` Mayhem in Paris, author banned from Iran, Chavez at odds w / Colombia & Spain ''. Rutgers Observer. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2008. ^ Jump up to : Stavans 1993, p. 65 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 26 Jump up ^ Gonzalez 1994, p. 43 Jump up ^ Aufderheide, Patricia, Cross-cultural film guide, American University Library, archived from the original on 19 December 2007 Jump up ^ Gonzales 1994, p. 33 Jump up ^ Mraz 1994 Jump up ^ de la Mora & Ripstein 1999, p. 5 Jump up ^ Douglas 2007 ^ Jump up to : Forero 2002 Jump up ^ García Márquez : `` Lo que me puede matar es que alguien crea que escribí una cosa tan cursi. '', El País, retrieved 10 July 2012 Jump up ^ García Márquez : `` Lo que me mata es que crean que escribo así '', Elsalvador.com, archived from the original on 12 May 2014, retrieved 26 March 2008 Jump up ^ García Márquez Farewell Letter ( in Spanish ), Museum of Hoaxes, retrieved 26 March 2008 ^ Jump up to : Hamilos, Paul ( 2 April 2009 ). `` Gabriel García Márquez, literary giant, lays down his pen ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2009. Jump up ^ Keeley, Graham ( 8 May 2008 ). `` Magic triumphs over realism for García Márquez ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 11 May 2008. Jump up ^ Yin, Maryann ( 29 October 2010 ), Gabriel García Márquez Writing New Novel, Galleycat Jump up ^ Flood, Alison ( 6 April 2009 ). `` Gabriel García Márquez : I 'm still writing ''. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 April 2009. Jump up ^ Alexander, Harriet ( 7 June 2012 ). `` Gabriel Garcia Marquez suffering from dementia ''. The Telegraph. Jump up ^ `` Literary giant Gabriel García Márquez hospitalized ''. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 18. Jump up ^ Torres, Paloma ( 17 April 2014 ). `` Gabriel García Márquez Dies : Famed Colombian Author And Nobel Laureate Dead At 87 From Pneumonia ''. Latin Times. Retrieved 17 April 2014. Jump up ^ Castillo, E. Eduardo ; Bajak, Frank ( 17 April 2014 ). `` Garcia Marquez, Nobel Laureate, Dies at 87 ''. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Author Gabriel Garcia Marquez dies ''. BBC. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014. ^ Jump up to : Kandell, Jonathan ( 17 April 2014 ). `` Gabriel García Márquez, Literary Pioneer, Dies at 87 ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 17 April 2014. Jump up ^ `` El adiós a Gabriel García Márquez en Twitter '' ( The goodbye to García Márquez on Twitter ) ( in Spanish ). La Nación. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014. Jump up ^ Will Grant. `` BBC News -- Mexico and Colombia hold Gabriel Garcia Marquez memorials ''. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 24. Jump up ^ Simons, Marlise ( 21 February 1988 ). `` Gabriel Márquez on Love, Plagues and Politics ''. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2008. Jump up ^ Bell - Villada 1990, p. 75 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 56 Jump up ^ McMurray 1987, p. 18 Jump up ^ Maurya 1983, p. 57 Jump up ^ Bell 1993, p. 49 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 35 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 136 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza & García Márquez 1983, p. 54 Jump up ^ García Márquez 1982 Jump up ^ Apuleyo Mendoza 1982, p. 77 Jump up ^ Bell 1993, p. 70 Jump up ^ Stavans 1993, p. 58 Jump up ^ McMurray 1987, p. 15 Jump up ^ McMurray 1987, p. 17 Jump up ^ García Márquez 2003, p. 19 Jump up ^ Pelayo 2001, p. 43 ^ Jump up to : McMurray 1987, p. 16 Jump up ^ McMurray 1987, p. 25 Jump up ^ One Hundred years of Solitude, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 2003, Harper Collins : New York, ISBN 0 - 06 - 088328 - 6, post-script section entitled : ' P.S. Insights, Interviews & More ' pgs 2 -- 12 Jump up ^ Bacon 2001, p. 833 Jump up ^ Sims 1994, p. 224 Jump up ^ `` Gabriel García Márquez Archive Opens for Research on October 21 ''. Hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 18. Jump up ^ `` Gabriel García Márquez 's Archive Freely Available Online ''. 2017 - 12 - 11. Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 12. Jump up ^ García Márquez 1982, see Pelayo 2001, p. 11 Jump up ^ Maurya 1983, p. 53 Bibliography Apuleyo Mendoza, Plinio ; García Márquez, Gabriel ( 1983 ), The Fragrance of Guava, London : Verso, ISBN 0 - 86091 - 765 - 7. Arenas, Reinaldo ( 1993 ), Before Night Falls, New York : Viking, ISBN 978 - 0 - 670 - 84078 - 6. Bacon, Susan ( December 2001 ), `` Review of Conversations with Latin American Writers : Gabriel Garcia Marquez '', Hispania, American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese, 84 ( 4 ) : 833, doi : 10.2307 / 3657872, JSTOR 3657872. Bell, Michael ( 1993 ), Gabriel García Márquez : Solitude and Solidarity, Hampshire : Macmillan, ISBN 0 - 333 - 53765 - 3. Bell - Villada, Gene H. ( 1990 ), García Márquez : The Man and His Work, North Carolina : University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 0 - 8078 - 1875 - 5. Bell - Villada, Gene H., ed. ( 2006 ), Conversations with Gabriel García Márquez, Jackson : University Press of Mississippi, ISBN 1 - 57806 - 784 - 7. Bhalla, Alok, ed. ( 1987 ), García Márquez and Latin America, New Delhi : Sterling Publishers Private Limited. Bloom, Harold, ed. ( 2007 ), Gabriel García Márquez, New York : Chelsea House, ISBN 0 - 7910 - 9312 - 3. Cebrian, Juan Luis ( 1997 ), Retrato de Gabriel García Márquez, Gutenberg : Círculo de Lectores, ISBN 84 - 226 - 5572 - 1. Douglas, Edward, Mike Newell on Love in the Time of Cholera, retrieved 25 March 2008. Esteban, Angel ; Panichelli, Stephanie ( 2004 ), Gabo Y Fidel : el paisaje de una amistad, Planeta Publishing. Forero, Juan ( 9 October 2002 ), `` A Storyteller Tells His Own Story ; García Márquez, Fighting Cancer, Issues Memoirs '', The New York Times, retrieved 21 March 2008. García Márquez, Gabriel ( 1982 ), `` Nobel lecture '', in Frängsmyr, Tore ; Allen, Sture, Nobel Lectures, Literature 1981 -- 1990, Singapore : World Scientific Publishing Co. ( published 1993 ). García Márquez, Gabriel ( 1968 ), No One Writes to the Colonel ( 1st ed. ), Harper & Row, ISBN 0 - 06 - 011417 - 7. García Márquez, Gabriel ( 2003 ), Living to tell the tale, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN 1 - 4000 - 4134 - 1. Gonzales, Nelly ( 1994 ), Bibliographic Guide to Gabriel García Márquez, 1986 -- 1992, Oxford : Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0 - 313 - 28832 - 1. Hernández, Consuelo. `` El Amor en los tiempos del cólera es una novela popular. '' Diario la Prensa : New York, 4 October. 1987. Kennedy, William ( 31 October 1976 ), `` A Stunning Portrait of a Monstrous Caribbean Tyrant '', The New York Times, retrieved 24 March 2008. Martin, Gerald ( 2008 ), Gabriel García Márquez : A Life, London : Penguin, ISBN 978 - 0143171829. Maurya, Vibha ( January 1983 ), `` Gabriel García Márquez '', Social Scientist, Social Scientist, 11 ( 1 ) : 53 -- 58, doi : 10.2307 / 3516870, ISSN 0970 - 0293, JSTOR 3516870. McMurray, George R. ( 1987 ), Critical Essays on Gabriel García Márquez, Boston : G.K. Hall & Co., ISBN 0 - 8161 - 8834 - 3. de la Mora, Sergio ; Ripstein, Arturo ( Summer 1999 ), `` A Career in Perspective : An Interview with Arturo Ripstein '', Film Quarterly, University of California Press, 52 ( 4 ) : 2 -- 11, doi : 10.1525 / fq. 1999.52. 4.04 a00020, ISSN 0015 - 1386, JSTOR 1213770. Mraz, John ( August 1994 ), `` Review of Cinema of Solitude : A Critical Study of Mexican Film, 1972 -- 1983, by Charles Ramirez Berg '', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 14 ( 3 ), ISSN 0143 - 9685, retrieved 27 March 2008. Oberhelman, Harley D. ( 1995 ), García Márquez and Cuba : A Study of its Presence in his Fiction, Journalism, and Cinema, Fredericton : York Press Ltd., ISBN 0 - 919966 - 95 - 0. Pelayo, Ruben ( 2001 ), Gabriel García Márquez : A Critical Companion, Westport : Greenwood Press, ISBN 0 - 313 - 31260 - 5. Saldívar, Dasso ( 1997 ), García Márquez : El viaje a la semilla : la biografía, Madrid : Alfaguara, ISBN 84 - 204 - 8250 - 1. Simons, Marlise ( 5 December 1982 ), `` A Talk With Gabriel García Márquez '', The New York Times, retrieved 24 March 2008. Sims, Robert ( 1994 ), `` Review : Dominant, Residual, and Emergent : Revent Criticism on Colombian Literature and gabriel Garcia Marquez '', Latin American Research Review, Latin American Studies Association, 29 ( 2 ) : 223 -- 234, JSTOR 2503601. Stavans, Ilan ( 1993 ), `` Gabo in Decline '', Transition, Indiana University Press, 62 ( 62 ) : 58 -- 78, doi : 10.2307 / 2935203, ISSN 0041 - 1191, JSTOR 2935203. Williams, Raymond L. ( 1984 ), Gabriel García Márquez, Boston : Twayne Publishers, ISBN 0 - 8057 - 6597 - 2. Further reading Martin, Gerald ( 2008 ), Gabriel García Márquez. A Life, London : Bloomsbury, ISBN 978 - 0 - 7475 - 9476 - 5. External links Gabriel García Márquez archives, Harry Ransom Center Gabriel García Márquez at Encyclopædia Britannica Love in the time of cholera : contains description of the wreck of the San José at Cartagena de Indias Find more aboutGabriel García Márquezat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Gabriel García Márquez on IMDb Works by Gabriel García Márquez at Open Library Works by or about Gabriel García Márquez in libraries ( WorldCat catalog ) Gabriel García Márquez at Nobelprize.org Gabriel García Márquez Before and After García Márquez, Gabriel. `` Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez reading the first chapter of One Hundred Years of Solitude '' ( in Spanish ). Peter H. Stone ( Winter 1981 ). `` Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Art of Fiction No. 69 ''. The Paris Review ( 82 ). Movies Interview with Gabriel García Márquez in 1998. Gabo -- The Creation of Gabriel García Márquez. Documentary, Germany, 2015, 90 min. Works by Gabriel García Márquez Novels In Evil Hour One Hundred Years of Solitude The Autumn of the Patriarch Chronicle of a Death Foretold Love in the Time of Cholera The General in His Labyrinth Of Love and Other Demons Memories of My Melancholy Whores Short stories Leaf Storm No One Writes to the Colonel Big Mama 's Funeral Innocent Eréndira Strange Pilgrims The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Non-fiction The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor Clandestine in Chile News of a Kidnapping Living to Tell the Tale Speech The Solitude of Latin America Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901 -- 1925 1901 Sully Prudhomme 1902 Theodor Mommsen 1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904 Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906 Giosuè Carducci 1907 Rudyard Kipling 1908 Rudolf Eucken 1909 Selma Lagerlöf 1910 Paul Heyse 1911 Maurice Maeterlinck 1912 Gerhart Hauptmann 1913 Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915 Romain Rolland 1916 Verner von Heidenstam 1917 Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler 1920 Knut Hamsun 1921 Anatole France 1922 Jacinto Benavente 1923 W.B. Yeats 1924 Władysław Reymont 1925 George Bernard Shaw 1926 -- 1950 1926 Grazia Deledda 1927 Henri Bergson 1928 Sigrid Undset 1929 Thomas Mann 1930 Sinclair Lewis 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 John Galsworthy 1933 Ivan Bunin 1934 Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill 1937 Roger Martin du Gard 1938 Pearl S. Buck 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes V. Jensen 1945 Gabriela Mistral 1946 Hermann Hesse 1947 André Gide 1948 T.S. Eliot 1949 William Faulkner 1950 Bertrand Russell 1951 -- 1975 1951 Pär Lagerkvist 1952 François Mauriac 1953 Winston Churchill 1954 Ernest Hemingway 1955 Halldór Laxness 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957 Albert Camus 1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo 1960 Saint - John Perse 1961 Ivo Andrić 1962 John Steinbeck 1963 Giorgos Seferis 1964 Jean - Paul Sartre ( declined award ) 1965 Mikhail Sholokhov 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967 Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968 Yasunari Kawabata 1969 Samuel Beckett 1970 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971 Pablo Neruda 1972 Heinrich Böll 1973 Patrick White 1974 Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975 Eugenio Montale 1976 -- 2000 1976 Saul Bellow 1977 Vicente Aleixandre 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979 Odysseas Elytis 1980 Czesław Miłosz 1981 Elias Canetti 1982 Gabriel García Márquez 1983 William Golding 1984 Jaroslav Seifert 1985 Claude Simon 1986 Wole Soyinka 1987 Joseph Brodsky 1988 Naguib Mahfouz 1989 Camilo José Cela 1990 Octavio Paz 1991 Nadine Gordimer 1992 Derek Walcott 1993 Toni Morrison 1994 Kenzaburō Ōe 1995 Seamus Heaney 1996 Wisława Szymborska 1997 Dario Fo 1998 José Saramago 1999 Günter Grass 2000 Gao Xingjian 2001 -- present 2001 V.S. Naipaul 2002 Imre Kertész 2003 J.M. Coetzee 2004 Elfriede Jelinek 2005 Harold Pinter 2006 Orhan Pamuk 2007 Doris Lessing 2008 J.M.G. Le Clézio 2009 Herta Müller 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa 2011 Tomas Tranströmer 2012 Mo Yan 2013 Alice Munro 2014 Patrick Modiano 2015 Svetlana Alexievich 2016 Bob Dylan 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro Neustadt International Prize for Literature Laureates Giuseppe Ungaretti ( 1970 ) Gabriel García Márquez ( 1972 ) Francis Ponge ( 1974 ) Elizabeth Bishop ( 1976 ) Czesław Miłosz ( 1978 ) Josef Škvorecký ( 1980 ) Octavio Paz ( 1982 ) Paavo Haavikko ( 1984 ) Max Frisch ( 1986 ) Raja Rao ( 1988 ) Tomas Tranströmer ( 1990 ) João Cabral de Melo Neto ( 1992 ) Kamau Brathwaite ( 1994 ) Assia Djebar ( 1996 ) Nuruddin Farah ( 1998 ) David Malouf ( 2000 ) Álvaro Mutis ( 2002 ) Adam Zagajewski ( 2004 ) Claribel Alegría ( 2006 ) Patricia Grace ( 2008 ) Duo Duo ( 2010 ) Rohinton Mistry ( 2012 ) Mia Couto ( 2014 ) Dubravka Ugrešić ( 2016 ) VIAF : 54147956 LCCN : n79063441 ISNI : 0000 0001 2133 3785 GND : 118537601 SELIBR : 187954 SUDOC : 026881241 BNF : cb119040929 ( data ) BIBSYS : 90056025 MusicBrainz : 5ced2364 - f997 - 4a17 - a21e - 03d1c9277823 NLA : 35112253 NDL : 00440510 NKC : jn19981001318 ICCU : IT ICCU CFIV 002730 BNE : XX933268 CiNii : DA00048029 SNAC : w63x8wzd Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Gabriel_García_Márquez&oldid = 823333266 '' Categories : 1927 births 2014 deaths 20th - century novelists 21st - century novelists Colombian expatriates in Mexico Colombian Nobel laureates Colombian male novelists Colombian male writers Colombian male short story writers Colombian socialists Mestizo writers Deaths from pneumonia Légion d'honneur recipients Magic realism writers Nobel laureates in Literature People from Magdalena Department Postmodern writers People with Alzheimer 's disease Hidden categories : CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) Articles with Spanish - language external links Use dmy dates from April 2014 Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014 Articles containing Spanish - language text Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links Articles with Open Library links AC with 16 elements Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SBN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Адыгэбзэ Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés অসমীয়া Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Aymar aru Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Bislama Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Буряад Català Cebuano Čeština Chavacano de Zamboanga Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Estremeñu Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Føroyskt Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Hawaiʻi Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kurdî Кыргызча Кырык мары لۊری شومالی Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Limburgs Lumbaart Magyar Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം Malti मराठी მარგალური مصرى Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Papiamentu ភាសា ខ្មែរ Piemontèis Plattdüütsch Polski Português Qaraqalpaqsha Română Runa Simi Русиньскый Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Türkmençe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Volapük Walon Winaray 吴语 ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 Zazaki Žemaitėška 中文 Kabɩyɛ Edit links This page was last edited on 31 January 2018, at 16 : 55. 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Question: name the book which turned gabriel garcia marquez into global figure as a writer
Answer: One Hundred Years of Solitude