Charaka - wikipedia Charaka This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2013 ) Charaka Monument in the Patanjali Yogpeeth Campus, Haridwar, India Charaka ( Sanskrit चरक ) ( 6th - 5th century BCE ) was one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is famous for authoring the medical treatise, the Charaka Samhita. Charaka was resident of Kapisthala ( probably the place is now known as Kapurthala ) village situated in Panchanada ( Punjab ). Panchanada was name of Punjab in Mahabharata. He is well known as the `` Indian father of medicine ''. He was born to a Hindu Brahmin family. Contents 1 Charaka and the Ayurveda 2 Contributions 3 Influences 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Charaka and the Ayurveda The term Charaka is a label said to apply to `` wandering scholars '' or `` wandering physicians ''. According to Charaka 's translations, health and disease are not predetermined and life may be prolonged by human effort and attention to lifestyle. As per Indian heritage and Ayurvedic system, prevention of all types of diseases have a more prominent place than treatment, including restructuring of lifestyle to align with the course of nature and four seasons, which will guarantee complete wellness. Charaka seems to have been an early proponent of `` prevention is better than cure '' doctrine. The following statement is attributed to Acharya Charaka : A physician who fails to enter the body of a patient with the lamp of knowledge and understanding can never treat diseases. He should first study all the factors, including environment, which influence a patient 's disease, and then prescribe treatment. It is more important to prevent the occurrence of disease than to seek a cure. Charaka contributions to the fields of physiology, etiology and embryology have been recognised. Charaka is generally considered as the first physician to present the concept of digestion, metabolism, immunity and Sexual problems. A body functions because it contains three dosha or principles, namely movement ( vata ), transformation ( pitta ) and lubrication and stability ( kapha ). The doshas correspond to the Western classification of humors, bile, phlegm and wind. These doshas are produced when dhatus ( blood, flesh and marrow ) act upon the food eaten. For the same quantity of food eaten, one body, however, produces dosha in an amount different from another body. That is why one body is different from another. Further, he stressed, illness is caused when the balance among the three doshas in a human body are disturbed. To restore the balance he prescribed medicinal drugs. Although he was aware of germs in the body, he did not give them primary importance. Charaka studied the anatomy of the human body and various organs. He gave 360 as the total number of bones, including teeth, present in the human body. He was right when he considered heart to be a controlling centre. He claimed that the heart was connected to the entire body through 13 main channels. Apart from these channels, there were countless other ones of varying sizes which supplied not only nutrients to various tissues but also provided passage to waste products. He also claimed that any obstruction in the main channels led to a disease or deformity in the body. Agnivesa, under the guidance of the ancient physician Atreya, had written an encyclopedic treatise in the 8th century B.C. However, it was only when Charaka revised this treatise that it gained popularity and came to be known as Charaka Samhita. For two millennia it remained a standard work on the subject and was translated into many foreign languages, including Arabic and Latin. Contributions Main article : Charaka Samhita He is the author of the Charaka Samhita, which has survived in the Bower Manuscript dated to around 4th century. However, the manuscript is believed to be an edition by Dridhabala, the original work by Charaka is a few centuries older. The Charaka Samhita is one of the two foundational text of Ayurveda, the other being the Sushruta Samhita. The Charaka Samhita contains 120 adhyayas ( chapters ) divided into eight parts. Influences According to the Charaka tradition, there existed six schools of medicine, founded by the disciples of the sage Punarvasu Ātreya. Each of his disciples, Agnivesha, Bhela, Jatūkarna, Parāshara, Hārīta, and Kshārapāni, composed a Samhitā. Of these, the one composed by Agnivesha was considered the best. The Agnivesha Samhitā was later revised by Charaka and it came to be known as Charaka Samhitā. The Charaka Samhitā was revised by Dridhbala. Sutra Sthana Nidan Sthana Viman Sthana Sharir Sthana Indriya Sthana Chikitsa Sthana Kalpa Sthana Siddhi Sthana There were 8 main chapters in this book. There had been 120 sub chapters of which they all in total had 12,000 shlokas and description of 2,000 medicines. There were cures for diseases related to almost every body part of human body and all medicines had natural elements without any chemicals to cure the diseases. See also Sushruta Dhanvantari References Jump up ^ Meulenbeld, Gerrit Jan ( 1999 - 01 - 01 ). `` Caraka, his identity and date ''. A History of Indian Medical Literature. Groningen : E. Forsten. IA, part 1, chapter 10. ISBN 9069801248. OCLC 42207455. Jump up ^ Gerit Jan Meulenbeld ( 1999 ), A History of Indian Medical Literature, Volume 1A, Groningen : Forsten, page 114 Jump up ^ Martin Levey, Early Arabic Pharmacology : An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources, Brill Archive ( 1973 ), p. 10 Jump up ^ P.N.K. Bamzai, Culture and Political History of Kashmir - Volume 1, MD Publications ( 1994 ), p. 268 Jump up ^ S.K. Sopory, Glimpses Of Kashmir, APH Publishing Corporation ( 2004 ), p. 62 Jump up ^ Krishan Lal Kalla, The Literary Heritage of Kashmir, Mittal Publications ( 1985 ), p. 65 Jump up ^ Dr. B.R. Suhas. SUSHRUTA. Retrieved 14 July 2015. Jump up ^ Agarwal, D.P. `` About The Date Of Caraka, The Famous Ancient Physician ''. www.infinityfoundation.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2002. Retrieved 14 June 2016. No doubt Caraka conceived the germ theory of the causation of diseases, but he rejected the idea that germs are the only causative factors for disease. On the other hand, he had advanced the theory that it is the imbalance of dosas and vitiation of dhatus which are primary causes of diseases, and various germs may grow in the body only when they get such a congenial environment. Both for metabolic diseases and infective ones, correction of the imbalance of dosas and dhatus constitutes the basic principle of all therapeutics. This is a unique feature of the Ayurvedic concept of diseases and their management as enunciated by Caraka in his monumental work. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charaka. Charaka Samhita online Mykeel Charakan Ayurveda Vaidya Madam http://www.MykeelCharakanayurvedic.com VIAF : 19918347 LCCN : n82047086 ISNI : 0000 0001 0374 1101 GND : 11951771X SUDOC : 079036406 BNF : cb14538725d ( data ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charaka&oldid=813411533 '' Categories : Kashmiri people Kashmiri writers Ayurvedacharyas Ancient Indian physicians Hindu mythology People in Hindu mythology Hindu religious leaders Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from June 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contributions Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Deutsch Español Français हिन्दी ಕನ್ನಡ मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Mirandés नेपाली ଓଡ଼ିଆ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Português Română संस्कृतम् Svenska తెలుగు Edit links This page was last edited on 3 December 2017, at 15 : 36. 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Question: who is called the father of ayurveda in ancient india
Answer: Charaka