List of multilingual Presidents of the United States - wikipedia List of multilingual Presidents of the United States Thomas Jefferson claimed to read and write six different languages. Of the 44 men who have served as Presidents of the United States, at least half have displayed proficiency in speaking or writing a language other than English. Of these, only one, Martin Van Buren, learned English as his second language ; his first language was Dutch. Four of the earliest Presidents were multilingual, with John Adams and Thomas Jefferson demonstrating proficiency in a number of foreign languages. James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur knew Ancient Greek and Latin, but it was Garfield 's ambidextrous ability that would lead to rumors that he could write both at the same time. Both Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke French, and Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke German. Herbert Hoover spoke some Mandarin Chinese. Contents 1 18th century 1.1 John Adams 2 19th century 2.1 Thomas Jefferson 2.2 James Madison 2.3 James Monroe 2.4 John Quincy Adams 2.5 Martin Van Buren 2.6 William Henry Harrison 2.7 John Tyler 2.8 James K. Polk 2.9 James Buchanan 2.10 Rutherford B. Hayes 2.11 James A. Garfield 2.12 Chester A. Arthur 3 20th century 3.1 Theodore Roosevelt 3.2 Woodrow Wilson 3.3 Herbert Hoover 3.4 Franklin D. Roosevelt 3.5 Jimmy Carter 3.6 Bill Clinton 4 21st century 4.1 George W. Bush 4.2 Barack Obama 5 Table 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Notes 7.2 Bibliography 18th Century John Adams John Adams, the second president of the United States, learned to read Latin at young. In preparation for attending Harvard University, Adams attended a school for improving his Latin skills. While posted in France, Adams became fluent in French. 19th Century Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson spoke and read multiple languages, which included French. After his death, a number of other books, dictionaries, and grammar manuals in various languages were found in Jefferson 's library, suggesting that he studied additional languages beyond those he spoke and wrote well. Among these were books in Italian, Arabic, Irish, Welsh and Dutch. Regarding Spanish, Jefferson told John Quincy Adams that he had learned the language over the course of nineteen days while sailing from the United States to France. He had borrowed a Spanish grammar and a copy of Don Quixote from a friend and read them on the voyage. Adams expressed skepticism, noting Jefferson 's tendency to tell `` large stories ''. James Madison James Madison began his studies of Latin at the age of twelve and had mastered Greek and Latin by the time he entered the College of New Jersey, later Princeton University. He produced many translations of Latin orations of Grotius, Pufendorf, and Vattel. He also studied Horace and Ovid. He learned Greek as an admissions requirement for higher college learning. While in college, Madison learned to speak and read Hebrew. When he could have graduated, Madison remained at college for an additional year to study ethics and Hebrew in greater depth. James Monroe James Monroe adopted many French customs while a diplomat in Paris, including learning fluent French. The entire Monroe family knew the language, and often spoke it with one another at home. John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams went to school in both France and the Netherlands, and spoke fluent French and conversational Dutch. Adams strove to improve his abilities in Dutch throughout his life, and at times translated a page of Dutch a day to help improve his mastery of the language. Official documents that he translated were sent to the Secretary of State of the United States, so that Adams ' studies would serve a useful purpose as well. When his father appointed him United States Ambassador to Prussia, Adams dedicated himself to becoming proficient in German in order to give him the tools to strengthen relations between the two countries. He improved his skills by translating articles from German to English, and his studies made his diplomatic efforts more successful. In addition to the two languages he spoke fluently, he also studied Italian, but he admitted to making little progress in it since he had no one with whom to practice speaking and hearing the language, as well as Russian, but never achieved fluency. Adams also read Latin very well, translated a page a day of Latin text, and studied classical Greek in his spare time. Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren was the only American president who did not speak English as his first language. He was born in Kinderhook, New York, a primarily Dutch community, spoke Dutch as his first language, and continued to speak it at home. He learned English as a second language while attending Kinderhook 's local school house. He obtained a small understanding of Latin while studying at Kinderhook Academy and solidified his understanding of English there. William Henry Harrison At Hampden -- Sydney College, William Henry Harrison spent a considerable time learning Latin, and favored reading about the military history of ancient Rome and Julius Caesar from Latin histories. At the college, he also learned a small amount of French. John Tyler John Tyler excelled at school, where he learned both Latin and Greek. James K. Polk Although James K. Polk had no background in foreign languages upon entering college, he proved a quick learner. Upon graduating from the University of North Carolina, he was asked to give the welcoming address at graduation ; he chose to do so in Latin. He proved very proficient in classical languages, and received honors in both Greek and Latin on his degree. James Buchanan James Buchanan studied a traditional classical curriculum, which included Latin and Greek, at the private Old Stone Academy before transferring to Dickinson College. He excelled in both subjects. Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes studied Latin and Greek at the Isaac Webb school in Middletown, Connecticut. He initially struggled with the languages, but soon became proficient in them. He also briefly studied French there. James a Garfield James A. Garfield knew and taught both Latin and Greek, and he was the first President to campaign in two languages ( English and German ). He was also ambidextrous. Stories emerged to the effect that Garfield would entertain his friends by having them ask him questions, and then writing the answer in Latin with one hand while simultaneously writing the answer in Greek with the other. However, specifics of these stories are not documented. Chester a Arthur Chester A. Arthur was known to be comfortable enough in Latin and Greek to converse with other men who knew the languages. 20th Century Theodore Roosevelt A foreign correspondent noted that although Roosevelt spoke clearly and quickly, he had a German accent while speaking in French. He read both German and French very well and kept a good number of books written in these languages in his personal library. He quite often read fiction, philosophy, religion, and history books in both French and German. He was most comfortable with informal discussions in French, but he made two public addresses in the West Indies in French in 1916. He recognized that, while he spoke French rapidly and was able to understand others, he used unusual grammar `` without tense or gender ''. John Hay, secretary of state under Roosevelt, commented that Roosevelt spoke odd, grammatically incorrect French, but was never difficult to understand. Though he could read and understand the language thoroughly, Roosevelt struggled to speak German. When Roosevelt attempted to speak with a native German, he had to apologize after botching the attempt. While not fluent in the language, Roosevelt was also able to read Italian. Though he at one point studied Greek and Latin, Roosevelt found both languages a `` dreary labor '' to translate. Roosevelt understood some of the Dutch language and taught songs in Dutch to his children and grandchildren, as is documented in a letter in English that he wrote to the painter Nelly Bodenheim in Amsterdam. Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson learned German as part of earning his Ph. D. in history and political science from Johns Hopkins University. However, he never claimed proficiency in the language. While he did read German sources when they were available, he often complained about the amount of time and effort it took him. Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover and his wife, Lou Hoover, once translated a book from Latin to English. The pair took five years, and sacrificed much of their spare time, to translating the Latin mining tract De re metallica. While at Stanford University, Hoover had access to the extensive library of John Casper Branner, where he found the important mining book which had never been fully translated into English. For years, five nights of the week were spent translating the book, including naming objects that the author had merely described. The Hoovers also spoke Mandarin Chinese, having lived in China from April 1899 until August 1900. Lou Hoover studied the language daily in China but Herbert Hoover confessed that he `` never absorbed more than a hundred words. '' Still, the two would converse in their limited Mandarin when they wanted to keep their conversations private from guests or the press. Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke both German and French. He was raised speaking both, as his early education consisted of governesses from Europe preparing him for boarding school in his teens. In particular, he had a German governess and a French governess who taught him their respective languages. A Swiss governess, Jeanne Sandoz, furthered his studies in both languages, particularly stressing French. Roosevelt spent one summer of his schooling in Germany ; both his time with his instructors and his frequent trips abroad allowed him to master both German and French, though he always spoke them with a distinct New England accent. Though he never had a mastery of the language, his governesses also taught him a limited amount of Latin. Roosevelt gave a bilingual speech ( in English and French ) during a 1936 visit to Quebec City. Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter has a functional command of Spanish, but has never been grammatically perfect. Carter studied the language at the United States Naval Academy and continued his studies while an officer of the United States Navy. Carter sometimes spoke Spanish in 1976 television campaign advertisements, but in his native South Georgia accent. He could speak fairly fluently, but joked about his sometimes flawed understanding of the language while discoursing with native speakers. Carter has written and given a number of addresses in the Spanish language and sometimes spoke to constituents in Spanish. To practice his Spanish, he and his wife Rosalynn read the Bible in Spanish to each other every night. Bill Clinton While a freshman at Georgetown University, Bill Clinton was required to choose a foreign language to study, and chose German because he was `` impressed by the clarity and precision of the language ''. He is able to hold casual conversation in the language. Later, while giving a speech at the Brandenburg Gate, he gave part of a speech in German, pledging to the 50,000 Germans gathered there that `` Amerika steht an Ihrer Seite jetzt und für immer '' ( `` America stands on your side, now and forever '' ). 21st Century George W. Bush on May 5 ( Cinco de Mayo ), 2001, delivering the first Weekly Radio Address of the President of the United States broadcast in both English and Spanish by any president. George W. Bush George W. Bush speaks some Spanish and has delivered speeches in the language. His speeches in Spanish have had English interspersed throughout. Barack Obama Barack Obama admitted he only speaks English : `` I do n't speak a foreign language. It 's embarrassing ! '' Barack Obama has an elementary understanding of Indonesian ( Bahasa Indonesia ), having lived in Indonesia as a child, and was enrolled at Indonesian language schools from the ages of six to ten. He has used elements of Indonesian language in some of his speeches, such as the 2011 address he gave to the University of Indonesia, when he spoke about 20 seconds in Indonesian. Table Presidency President Dutch French German Greek Hebrew Italian Latin Mandarin Chinese Russian Spanish Indonesian John Adams Fluent Fluent Thomas Jefferson Fluent Fluent Fluent Fluent Fluent James Madison Fluent Fluent Fluent 5 James Monroe Fluent 6 John Quincy Adams Partial mastery Fluent Fluent Partial mastery Partial mastery Fluent Partial mastery Partial mastery 8 Martin Van Buren Native Partial mastery 9 William Henry Harrison Partial mastery Fluent 10 John Tyler Fluent Fluent 11 James K. Polk Fluent Fluent 15 James Buchanan Fluent Fluent 19 Rutherford B. Hayes Fluent Fluent 20 James A. Garfield Fluent Fluent 21 Chester A. Arthur Fluent Fluent 26 Theodore Roosevelt Fluent Fluent Partial mastery 28 Woodrow Wilson Fluent 31 Herbert Hoover Fluent Partial Mastery 32 Franklin D. Roosevelt Fluent Fluent Partial mastery 39 Jimmy Carter Partial mastery 42 Bill Clinton Partial mastery 43 George W. Bush Partial mastery 44 Barack Obama Partial mastery See also `` Ich bin ein Berliner '' -- a German phrase famously spoken by John F. Kennedy in a speech in West Berlin References Notes ^ Jump up to : Crapo ( 2007 ), 4. Jump up ^ McLeod ( 1976 ), 23. Jump up ^ McCullough ( 2001 ), 321. Jump up ^ Berkes, Anna ; Bryan Craig ( 10 December 2008 ). `` Languages Jefferson Spoke or Read ''. Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Jump up ^ Berkes, Anna ; Bryan Craig ( 10 December 2008 ). `` Spanish Language ''. Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2010. ^ Jump up to : Ketcham ( 1990 ), 20. Jump up ^ Hodge and Nolan ( 2007 ), 35. Jump up ^ Budinger, Meghan. `` Our Face to the World : Clothing exhibit unveils lives of James and Elizabeth Monroe ''. UMW Magazine. Fredericksburg, Virginia : University of Mary Washington. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2010. Jump up ^ Adams ( 1874 ), 229 ^ Jump up to : Adams ( 1874 ), 176. ^ Jump up to : `` John Quincy Adams Biography Page 2 ''. Adams National Historic Park. Washington, D.C. : National Park Service. 30 July 2006. p. 2. Retrieved 25 July 2011. Jump up ^ Adams ( 1874 ), 177. Jump up ^ Adams ( 1874 ), 380. Jump up ^ Widmer ( 2005 ), ii. Jump up ^ Holland ( 1836 ), 15. Jump up ^ Owens ( 2007 ), 14. Jump up ^ May and Wilentz ( 2008 ), 13. Jump up ^ Mayo ( 2006 ), 11. Jump up ^ Behrman ( 2005 ), 18. Jump up ^ Baker ( 2004 ), 12. Jump up ^ Trefousse ( 2002 ), 5. Jump up ^ `` James Abram Garfield ''. Retrieved 21 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` Life Portrait of James Garfield ''. C - SPAN. 26 July 1999. Retrieved 17 September 2016.... James Garfield could write Greek with one hand and Latin with the other at the same time. We know he was a wonderful scholar. Any truth to that long - held rumor ?... I 've heard the statement before about it. I believe it, but I 'm not sure it 's true. Shortly after his death, Garfield -- After Garfield 's death, one of his sons tried to track that legend down because he had heard it, but he had never seen it happen. He wrote to lots and lots of people, relatives, friends, family. None of them supported it. It 's true that Garfield was ambidextrous, but he just was n't that ambidextrous. Jump up ^ Reeves ( 1975 ), 21. Jump up ^ New York Times ( 1909 ), 2. 26 February 2018 Jump up ^ New York Times ( 1898 ), IMS10. 26 February 2018 ^ Jump up to : Wagenknecht ( 2008 ), 39. Jump up ^ Morris, Edmund ( 22 March 2002 ). `` A Matter of Extreme Urgency : Theodore Roosevelt, Wilhelm II, and the Venezuela Crisis of 1902 ''. Naval War College Review. Newport, Rhode Island : Naval War College. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Jump up ^ Wagenknecht ( 2008 ), 38. Jump up ^ Undated letter to Nelly Bodenhem, copy in the possession of Pieter J. Dijkstra, the Netherlands. Jump up ^ Pestritto ( 2005 ), 34. Jump up ^ Kelly, Nataly ( 2009 ). `` Caught in the Grips of Linguistic Paranoia ''. The New York Times. New York City : The New York Times Company. Retrieved 22 March 2010. ^ Jump up to : Lewiston Evening News ( 1933 ), 5. Jump up ^ ( wais.stanford.edu/HooverInstitute/hooverinstit_herberthooverandchina112101.html `` Herbert Hoover and China '' ) Check url = value ( help ). World Association for International Studies. 21 November 2001. Retrieved 13 January 2018. The Hoovers arrived in China in April 1899 and lived through the siege of Tienjin. Being an engineer, Mr. Hoover and his detail were responsibie for maintaining the battleworks ; Mrs. Hoover worked as a nurse. Although both Hoovers knew how to fire a gun, there is no evidence that they ever shot at the boxers. They left China in August 1900 ``. Jump up ^ Hoover, Herbert ( 1951 ). Memoirs, vol. 1. New York : Macmillan. p. 36. ISBN 9781258120832. Jump up ^ King, David ( 2009 ), Herbert Hoover, Tarrytown, NY : Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 0 - 7614 - 3626 - X Jump up ^ Harper ( 1996 ), 14. Jump up ^ Coker ( 2005 ), 4. Jump up ^ Harper ( 1996 ), 17. Jump up ^ Coker ( 2005 ), 6. Jump up ^ Freedman ( 1992 ), 9. Jump up ^ 96 - Address in Quebec, Canada Jump up ^ Poser, Bill ( 8 July 2007 ). `` The Linguistic Ability of the Presidential Candidates ''. Language Log. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Jump up ^ Carter ( 2004 ), 35. ^ Jump up to : Associated Press ( 1976 ), 46. Jump up ^ McBride ( 1978 ), 1. Jump up ^ The Washington Post ( 2002 ), 2. Jump up ^ Cadwalladr, Carole ( 11 September 2011 ). `` Jimmy Carter : ' We never dropped a bomb. We never fired a bullet. We never went to war ' ''. The Guardian. UK : Guardian News and Media. Jump up ^ Clinton ( 2005 ), 76. Jump up ^ Maraniss ( 1996 ), 99. Jump up ^ Clinton ( 2005 ), 609. Jump up ^ `` May 2001 ''. Whitehouse.gov. Executive Office of the President of the United States. 2001. Retrieved 24 March 2010. Jump up ^ Gormley ( 2000 ), 113. Jump up ^ Hegstrom, Edward ( 27 September 1999 ). `` Gore and Bush employ splintered Spanish ''. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Seattle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 27 July 2010. Jump up ^ Gavrilovic, Maria ( 11 July 2008 ). `` Obama : `` I do n't speak a foreign language. It 's embarrassing ! '' ``. CBS_News. Retrieved 6 March 2017. Jump up ^ Obama, Barack ( 30 November 2011 ). `` President Obama speaks Indonesian, learn at Cinta Bahasa Indonesian Language School -- Bali Indonesia ''. YouTube. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Bibliography Adams, John Quincy ( 1874 ). Charles Francis Adams, Sr., ed. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams : Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848. Select Biographies Reprint Series. 1. Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott & Co. Baker, Jean ( 2004 ). James Buchanan. New York City : Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 6946 - 1. Behrman, Carol ( 2005 ). James K. Polk. Minneapolis : Twenty - First Century Books. ISBN 0 - 8225 - 1396 - X. `` Carter Was Missionary Eight Years Ago ''. Times - News. Hendersonville, North Carolina : The New York Times Company. Associated Press. 1 July 1976. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Carter, Jimmy ( 2004 ). Sharing Good Times. New York City : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 7432 - 7033 - 9. Clinton, Bill ( 2005 ). My Life. New York City : Random House. ISBN 1 - 4000 - 3003 - X. Coker, Jeffrey ( 2005 ). Franklin D. Roosevelt : A Biography. Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0 - 313 - 32337 - 2. Crapo, Mike ( 5 September 2007 ). `` Our Proud American Legacy ''. The News - Examiner. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Freedman, Russell ( 1992 ). Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0 - 395 - 62978 - 0. Gormley, Beatrice ( 2000 ). President George W. Bush : Our Forty - Third President. New York City : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 689 - 84410 - 7. `` Great But Childish America -- To French Correspondent in Naples Roosevelt Personifies It ''. The New York Times. 6 April 1909. Retrieved 1 February 2018. Harper, John Lamberton ( 1996 ). American Visions of Europe : Franklin D. Roosevelt, George F. Kennan, and Dean G. Acheson. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 56628 - 2. Hodge, Carl Cavanagh ; Cathal J. Nolan ( 2007 ). US Presidents and Foreign Policy. Santa Barbara, California : ABC - CLIO. ISBN 1 - 85109 - 790 - 2. Holland, William ( 1836 ). The Life and Times of Martin Van Buren, Vice President of the United States. Belknap & Hamersley. `` Hoover Gave Years to Latin Translation : With Mrs. Hoover He Devoted Five Evenings a Week to Study of Mining Book ''. Lewiston Evening Journal. Lewiston, Maine. 29 June 1933. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Ivins, Molly ; Lou Dubose ( 2000 ). Shrub : The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. New York City : Random House. ISBN 0 - 375 - 75714 - 7. Ketcham, Ralph Louis ( 1990 ). James Madison : A Biography. Charlottesville, Virginia : University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0 - 8139 - 1265 - 2. King, David ( 2009 ). Herbert Hoover. Tarrytown, New York : Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 0 - 7614 - 3626 - X. Maraniss, David ( 1996 ). First in His Class : The Biography of Bill Clinton. New York City : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 684 - 81890 - 6. May, Gary ; Sean Wilentz ( 2008 ). John Tyler. New York City : Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 8238 - 7. Mayo, Louise ( 2006 ). President James K. Polk : The Dark Horse President. Hauppauge, New York : Nova Publishers. ISBN 1 - 59454 - 718 - 1. McBride, Deborah ( 29 March 1978 ). `` Venezuelans Cheer Carter 's Canal Talk ''. The Spokesman - Review. Spokane, Washington : Cowles Publishing Company. Retrieved 22 March 2010. McCullough, David ( 2001 ). John Adams. New York City : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0 - 684 - 81363 - 7. McLeod, Don ( 13 June 1976 ). `` John Adams Was Floor Manager of Independence ''. The Ledger. Lakeland, Florida : The New York Times Company. Retrieved 22 March 2010. Owens, Robert Martin ( 2007 ). Mr. Jefferson 's Hammer : William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy. Norman, Oklahoma : University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0 - 8061 - 3842 - 4. Pestritto, Ronald ( 2005 ). Woodrow Wilson and the Roots of Modern Liberalism. Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0 - 7425 - 1517 - 6. Reeves, Thomas ( 1975 ). Gentleman boss : the life of Chester Alan Arthur. Knopf. ISBN 0 - 394 - 46095 - 2. Trefousse, Hans Louis ( 2002 ). Rutherford B. Hayes. New York City : Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 6908 - 9. `` Carter Urges Cuba to Embrace Freedom : Spanish Address Carried Live on Cuban TV, Radio ''. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post Company. 15 May 2002. Retrieved 22 March 2010. `` Theodore Roosevelt, The Man ''. The New York Times. New York City : The New York Times Company. 9 October 1898. access - date = requires url = ( help ) Wagenknecht, Edward ( 2008 ). The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt. Globe Pequot. ISBN 1 - 59921 - 493 - 8. Widmer, Edward ( 2005 ). Martin Van Buren. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0 - 8050 - 6922 - 4. 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Question: us president that could write with both hands
Answer: James A. Garfield