James Bay - wikipedia James Bay This article is about the body of water. For the singer, see James Bay ( singer ). For other uses, see James Bay ( disambiguation ). This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( September 2013 ) James Bay A satellite image of James Bay Location Southern end of Hudson Bay, between Ontario and Quebec. Coordinates 53 ° 05 ′ N 80 ° 35 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 53.083 ° N 80.583 ° W ﻿ / 53.083 ; - 80.583 ﻿ ( James Bay ) Coordinates : 53 ° 05 ′ N 80 ° 35 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 53.083 ° N 80.583 ° W ﻿ / 53.083 ; - 80.583 ﻿ ( James Bay ) Basin countries Canada James Bay ( French : Baie James, Cree : Wînipekw ) is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. Both bodies of water extend from the Arctic Ocean, of which James Bay is the southernmost part. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario ; islands within the bay ( the largest of which is Akimiski Island ) are part of Nunavut. The James Bay watershed is the site of several major hydroelectric projects, and is also a destination for river - based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal communities such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Crees of northern Quebec. As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter, although it is the last to freeze over in winter, and conversely the first to thaw in summer. Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Hannah Bay 3 Human development 3.1 Coastal communities 3.2 Economic development 4 Recreation 4.1 Canoeing 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links History Human presence along the shores of the bay can be traced back to the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the last ice age around 8,150 years ago. Since contact with Europeans, the indigenous peoples along both shores of the bay were ethnically Cree peoples. The bay first came to the attention of Europeans in 1610, when Henry Hudson entered it during his exploration of the larger bay that bears his name. It received its name in honour of Thomas James, a Welsh captain who explored the area more thoroughly in 1630 and 1631. James Bay is important in the history of Canada as one of the most hospitable parts of the Hudson Bay region despite its low human population. As a result, its corresponding importance to the Hudson 's Bay Company and British expansion into Canada. The fur - trapping duo of explorers Pierre - Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers convinced the English Crown, primarily Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a favoured nephew of Charles I and cousin to Charles II, that a colonial enterprise in the north would yield wealth in minerals and fur. Des Groseilliers accompanied Captain Zachariah Gillam on the ketch Nonsuch and they jointly founded the first fur - trading post on James Bay, Charles Fort. Their success, though lacking in minerals, was such that the company was chartered by Charles II on their return. This charter granted a complete trading monopoly of the whole Hudson Bay basin ( including James Bay ) to the company. At the same time, the first English colony on what is now mainland Canada, Rupert 's Land, was formed, with the first `` capital '' being at Charles Fort. The fact that the first colonial governor, Charles Baley ( various spellings exist, including, but not limited to `` Bailey '' ), was a Quaker might have been an important factor in the style of relations established between the company and its trading partners, Canada 's First Nations. Significant fur trapping has continued in the region, but in general the east coast or East Main of James Bay was too easily accessed by French and independent traders from the south so early Hudson 's Bay Company emphasis was quickly placed onto interior trapping grounds reached from the west coasts of James and Hudson Bays. It was, nevertheless, the gateway to British settlements in what would become Manitoba ( Winnipeg, ( for example ) and as far west as the Rocky Mountains. Geography Hannah Bay at the southern end of James Bay. James Bay represents the southern extent of the Arctic Archipelago Marine ecozone. While the coastal areas are primarily in the Hudson Plains, the northeastern coast bordering Quebec is in the Taiga Shield ecozone. This rocky and hilly eastern shore forms the western edge of the Canadian Shield in Quebec and as such the main habitat is boreal forest of the Eastern Canadian Shield taiga ecoregion. The western shore however is characterised by broad tundra lowlands that are an extension of the Hudson Bay Lowlands and the vegetation is mostly muskeg bog. A large portion of this area is part of the Polar Bear Provincial Park. Ringed seals are common elsewhere along James Bay and polar bears can be seen targeting the seals for prey. Beluga whales within James Bay basin could be distinct from those found in Hudson Bay. Hundreds of rivers flow into James Bay. The geography of the region gives many of them similar characteristics. They tend to be wide and shallow near the Bay ( in the James Bay Lowlands ), whereas they are steeper and narrower farther upstream ( as they pour off the Canadian Shield ). For a larger list of waterways in the region, see list of Hudson Bay rivers. Hannah Bay Hannah Bay is the southernmost bay of James Bay. Here the Kesagami and Harricana Rivers flow into James Bay. About 238 km is protected under the Migratory Birds Convention Act of Canada as the Hannah Bay Bird Sanctuary. This sanctuary has also been designated as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention since May 1987. The shores in this area are a mixture of intertidal mud, sand, and salt flats, estuarine waters, intertidal marshes, freshwater ponds, swamps, and forested peatlands. These elements make an abundance of wildlife. Human development James Bay, near Chisasibi, Quebec. Coastal communities The shores of James Bay are sparsely populated. On the eastern shore in Quebec there are four coastal communities belonging to the Cree, the indigenous people of the region ( from south to north ) : Waskaganish Eastmain Wemindji Chisasibi On the western shore in Ontario there are five coastal communities ( from south to north ) : Moose Factory Moosonee Fort Albany Kashechewan Attawapiskat Economic development Possible scenario of the GRAND Canal scheme, showing the initial water capture and diversion into Lake Huron. Water would be pumped south from the newly formed James Lake into the Harricana River, crossing into the Great Lakes watershed near Amos, into Lake Timiskaming and the Ottawa River, crossing near Mattawa into Lake Nipissing and the French River to Lake Huron. Since 1971, the government of Quebec has built hydroelectric dams on rivers in the James Bay watershed, notably La Grande and Eastmain rivers. Built between 1974 and 1996, the James Bay Project now has a combined generating capacity of 16,021 MW and produces about 83,000,000,000 kWh of electricity each year, about half of Quebec 's consumption. Power is also exported to the United States via a direct transmission high voltage line. The James Bay Project continues to expand, with work that began in 2010 on a new phase that involves the diversion of the Rupert River. A proposed development project, the Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal, centres on constructing a large dike to separate southern James Bay from Hudson Bay. This would turn the bay into a freshwater lake, due to the numerous rivers that empty into it. The main benefit expected from this would be to redirect this freshwater for human use. It seems very unlikely that the GRAND Canal will actually ever be built. Other nearby lakes include Lake Yasinski. Recreation Canoeing Many of the rivers flowing into James Bay are popular destinations for wilderness canoe - trippers. Among the more popular rivers are : Albany River ( Ontario ) Moose River ( Ontario ) Missinaibi River ( Ontario ) -- recognised as a Canadian Heritage River Broadback River ( Quebec ) Rupert River ( Quebec ) -- diverted in 2009 for hydroelectric development and no longer a popular destination Two less - travelled rivers are the Groundhog River and the Harricana. The Groundhog is less travelled in modern times due to a series of seven dams that are about a day or two up - river from the Moose. Canoeists can contact the dam company and arrange to be towed around the dams on company trucks, but they must make arrangements specific to the hour, and they can not be late. The Groundhog flows into the Mattagami after a set of rapids known as Seven - Mile. The Mattagami then flows into the Moose ; it is at the meeting of the Missinaibi and Mattagami rivers that the Moose river begins, marked by an island known as Portage Island. This point is about two or three days travel by canoe to Moosonee. Though the Missinaibi and the Groundhog are both fairly high in the summer, the Moose is often quite low. Depending on the tides, groups have had to walk long stretches of the river. Rapids on the Groundhog tend to be bigger and more technical than those on the Missinaibi, but the campsites are few and poor, because the volume of travel is so much less. The Harricana River flows into James Bay several miles east of Moosonee, so anyone wishing to take this route must allow about two days to cross the bay, an extremely dangerous proposition if the tides and the weather are unfavourable. The most common access point for paddlers to this area is Moosonee, at the southern end of James Bay. A campsite at Tidewater Provincial Park provides large campgrounds with firepits and outhouses on an island across the river from the town. Water taxis will ferry people back and forth for about C $ 20 each. Many of these rivers finish near Moosonee, and paddlers can take the Polar Bear Express train south to Cochrane at the end of a trip. This train regularly features a ' canoe car ' enabling paddlers to travel with their canoes. Waskaganish, Quebec, is a town farther to the north and east on James Bay. It is accessible via the James Bay Road, and is the most common end point for trips on the Broadback, Pontax, and Rupert rivers ( the town itself is situated at the mouth of the Rupert ). References Jump up ^ `` Sustainable Development in the Hudson Bay / James Bay Bioregion ''. Archived from the original on 2016 - 07 - 14. Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 24. Jump up ^ Beluga whales in James Bay : a separate entity from eastern Hudson Bay belugas ? Jump up ^ Southern James Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary fact sheet Further reading Dignard, N. Habitats of the Northeast Coast of James Bay. ( Canada ) : Environment Canada, Canada Wildlife Service, 1991. ISBN 0 - 662 - 18947 - 7 Francis, Daniel, and Toby Elaine Morantz. Partners in Furs A History of the Fur Trade in Eastern James Bay, 1600 - 1870. Kingston : McGill - Queen 's University Press, 1983. ISBN 0 - 7735 - 0385 - 4 Kenyon, Walter Andrew. The History of James Bay, 1610 - 1686 A Study in Historical Archaeology. Archaeology monograph, 10. Toronto, Ontario, Canada : Royal Ontario Museum, 1986. ISBN 0 - 88854 - 316 - 6 McCutcheon, Sean. Electric Rivers The Story of the James Bay Project. Montréal : Black Rose Books, 1991. ISBN 1 - 895431 - 18 - 2 Niezen, Ronald. Defending the Land Sovereignty and Forest Life in James Bay Cree Society. Cultural Survival studies in ethnicity and change. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 1998. ISBN 0 - 205 - 27580 - X Reed, Austin. Goose use of the coastal habitats of northeastern James Bay. Ottawa, Ont : Canadian Wildlife Service, 1996. ISBN 0 - 662 - 25033 - 8 Salisbury, Richard Frank. A Homeland for the Cree Regional Development in James Bay, 1971 - 1981. Kingston : McGill - Queen 's University Press, 1986. ISBN 0 - 7735 - 0550 - 4 Siy, Alexandra. The Eeyou People of Eastern James Bay. New York : Dillon Press, 1993. ISBN 0 - 87518 - 549 - 5 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Bay. `` James Bay Road website '' Extensive and detailed information on the James Bay region of Quebec, as well as the James Bay and Trans - Taiga Roads. `` The Rupert River website '' Read about and see this endangered river soon to be diverted by Hydro - Québec. `` Dammed river '' special feature on James Bay from Canadian Geographic. CBC Digital Archives - James Bay Project and the Cree Earth 's oceans and seas Arctic Ocean Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Prince Gustav Adolf Sea Pechora Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea Atlantic Ocean Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Lion Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Marmara Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea Indian Ocean Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bali Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Java Sea Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea Pacific Ocean Arafura Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Ceram Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea Yellow Sea Southern Ocean Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser - Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea Landlocked seas Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea Book Bays of Nunavut Kitikmeot Region Albert Edward Austin Brentford Campbell Chester Committee Denmark Foggy Fredrikshald Gernon Grays Hadley Homan Labyrinth Lord Mayor McLoughlin Ogden Pelly Terror Bay Wellington Wynniatt Kivalliq Region Gods Mercy East Hudson Mistake Native Nevill Pistol South Wager Wilson Qikiqtaaluk Region Allman Aston Augusta Bay Baffin Baillarge Baring Bartlett Batty Bere Bernier Birmingham Boatswain Bowman Brae Buchanan Cameron Copes Cory Creswell Croker Cumberland Sound Dampier De la Beche Dobbin Dorchester Duke of York Dyke Acland Eden Eetookashoo Eldridge Elwin Eqe Evans Finnie Flagler Four Rivers Foxe Basin Frobisher Garnet Gibson Graham Moore Half Moon Hall Basin Harkin Hecla and Griper Herschel Hudson Irene James Kane Kew Lady Franklin M'Clure Macormick Maxwell May Inlet Murray Maxwell Nabukjuak Napier Norwegian Okse Ommanney Paquet Peary Piling Pioneer Prince Alfred Princess Marie Purcell Radstock Reid Resolute Rosse Rutherford Sabine Sawyer Scoresby Shamrock Sherard Skene Stuart Triton Ungava Weatherall Woodward GND : 4096435 - 8 VIAF : 137126050 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Bay&oldid=852728787 '' Categories : James Bay Landforms of Nord - du - Québec Bays of Ontario Bays of Qikiqtaaluk Region Bays of Quebec Bays of the Atlantic Ocean Canadian Arctic Archipelago Landforms of Cochrane District Bays of the Arctic Ocean Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles lacking in - text citations from September 2013 All articles lacking in - text citations Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing French - language text Articles containing Cree - language text Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Bosanski Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk 한국어 Íslenska Italiano ქართული Kurdî Lietuvių Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 32 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 July 2018, at 23 : 59 ( UTC ). 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Question: where is james bay on a map of canada
Answer: Southern end of Hudson Bay, between Ontario and Quebec