United states presidential election, 1800 - wikipedia United states presidential election, 1800 United States presidential election, 1800 ← 1796 October 31 -- December 3, 1800 1804 → 138 electoral votes of the Electoral College 70 electoral votes needed to win Nominee Thomas Jefferson John Adams Party Democratic - Republican Federalist Home state Virginia Massachusetts Running mate Aaron Burr Charles C. Pinckney Electoral vote 73 65 States carried 9 7 Popular vote 41,330 25,952 Percentage 61.4 % 38.6 % Presidential election results map. Green denotes states won by Jefferson, burnt orange denotes states won by Adams, and gray denotes non voting territories. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election John Adams Federalist Elected President Thomas Jefferson Democratic - Republican The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Friday, October 31 to Wednesday, December 3, 1800. In what is sometimes referred to as the `` Revolution of 1800 '', Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic - Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System. It was a long, bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney 's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists. The chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the French Revolution, including opposition to the tax imposed by Congress to pay for the mobilization of the new army and the navy in the Quasi-War against France in 1798. The Alien and Sedition Acts, by which Federalists were trying to stifle dissent from Democratic - Republican newspaper editors, also proved to be highly controversial. While the Democratic - Republicans were well organized at the state and local levels, the Federalists were disorganized and suffered a bitter split between their two major leaders, President Adams and Alexander Hamilton. The jockeying for electoral votes, regional divisions, and the propaganda smear campaigns created by both parties made the election recognizably modern. The election exposed one of the flaws in the original Constitution of the United States. Members of the Electoral College were authorized by the original Constitution to vote for two names for President, theoretically one for the preferred President and one for the preferred Vice President but in fact counted up into the same ballot, enabling the possibility that a vice presidential candidate could be elected President. ( The two - vote ballot was created in order to try to maximize the possibility that one candidate received votes from a majority of the electors nationwide ; the drafters of the Constitution had not anticipated the rise of organized political parties, which made it much easier to attain a nationwide majority. ) The candidate with the most electoral votes would become President and the candidate with the second most would become Vice President. The Democratic - Republicans had planned for one of the electors to abstain from casting his second vote for Aaron Burr, which would have led to Jefferson receiving one electoral vote more than Burr, making Jefferson President and Burr Vice President. The plan, however, was mishandled. Each elector who voted for Jefferson also voted for Burr, resulting in a tied electoral vote. The election was then put into the hands of the outgoing House of Representatives, which, after 35 votes in which neither Jefferson nor Burr obtained a majority, elected Jefferson on the 36th ballot. To rectify the flaw in the original presidential election mechanism, the Twelfth Amendment, ratified in 1804, was added to the United States Constitution. It called for electors to make a distinct choice between their selections for President and Vice President. The result of this election was affected by the three - fifths clause of the United States Constitution, by which slaves were counted as three - fifths of a person for the purpose of Congressional apportionment. Historians such as Garry Wills, Leonard L. Richards, and William W. Freehling have written that had slaves not been counted at all, Adams would have won the electoral vote. Jefferson was subsequently criticized as having won `` the temple of Liberty on the shoulders of slaves ''. Akhil Reed Amar, a law and political science professor at Yale, argued that the election was a turning point in American history and claimed that `` in a direct election system, the South would have lost every time. '' Contents 1 General election 1.1 Candidates 1.2 Campaign 1.2. 1 Selection method changes 1.3 Voting 1.4 Disputes 1.4. 1 Defective certificates 1.5 Results 1.5. 1 Breakdown by ticket 2 House election of 1801 2.1 Results 3 Electoral college selection 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Primary references 6.2 Inline references 7 Bibliography 8 External links General election Candidates Vice President Thomas Jefferson from Virginia ( D-R ) Former U.S. Senator Aaron Burr from New York ( D-R ) President John Adams from Massachusetts ( Federalist ) Former Minister to France Charles C Pinckney from South Carolina ( Federalist ) Democratic - Republican nomination Thomas Jefferson, Vice President of the United States from Virginia Aaron Burr, former U.S. Senator from New York Federalist nomination John Adams, President of the United States from Massachusetts Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, former U.S. Minister to France from South Carolina Campaign The 1800 election was a re-match of the 1796 election. The campaign was bitter and characterized by slander and personal attacks on both sides. Federalists spread rumours that the Democratic - Republicans were radicals who would ruin the country ( based on the Democratic - Republican support for the French Revolution ). In 1798, George Washington had complained `` that you could as soon scrub the blackamoor white, as to change the principles of a professed Democrat ; and that he will leave nothing unattempted to overturn the Government of this Country ''. Meanwhile, the Democratic - Republicans accused Federalists of subverting republican principles with the Alien and Sedition Acts, some of which were later declared unconstitutional after their expiration by the Supreme Court, and relying for their support on foreign immigrants ; they also accused Federalists of favoring Britain and the other coalition countries in their war with France in order to promote aristocratic, anti-democratic values. Adams was attacked by both the opposition Democratic - Republicans and a group of so - called `` High Federalists '' aligned with Alexander Hamilton. The Democratic - Republicans felt that the Adams foreign policy was too favorable toward Britain ; feared that the new army called up for the Quasi-War would oppress the people ; opposed new taxes to pay for war ; and attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as violations of states ' rights and the Constitution. `` High Federalists '' considered Adams too moderate and would have preferred the leadership of Alexander Hamilton instead. Hamilton had apparently grown impatient with Adams and wanted a new president who was more receptive to his goals. During Washington 's presidency, Hamilton had been able to influence the federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion ( which threatened the government 's power to tax citizens ). When Washington announced that he would not seek a third term, Adams was widely recognized by the Federalists as next - in - line. Hamilton appears to have hoped in 1796 that his influence within an Adams administration would be as great or greater than in Washington 's. By 1800, Hamilton had come to realize that Adams was too independent and thought the Federalist vice presidential candidate, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, more suited to serving Hamilton 's interests. In his third sabotage attempt toward Adams, Hamilton quietly schemed to elect Pinckney to the presidency. Given Pinckney 's lack of political experience, he would have been expected to be open to Hamilton 's influence. However, Hamilton 's plan backfired and hurt the Federalist party, particularly after one of his letters, a scathing criticism of Adams that was fifty - four pages long, fell into the hands of a Democratic - Republican and soon after became public. It embarrassed Adams and damaged Hamilton 's efforts on behalf of Pinckney, not to mention speeding Hamilton 's own political decline. Selection method changes Partisans on both sides sought any advantage they could find. In several states, this included changing the process of selecting electors to ensure the desired result. In Georgia, Democratic - Republican legislators replaced the popular vote with selection by the state legislature. Federalist legislators did the same in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. This may have had some unintended consequences in Massachusetts, where the makeup of the delegation to the House of Representatives changed from 12 Federalists and 2 Democratic - Republicans to 8 Federalists and 6 Democratic - Republicans, perhaps the result of backlash on the part of the electorate. Pennsylvania also switched to legislative choice, but this resulted in an almost evenly split set of electors. Virginia switched from electoral districts to winner - take - all, a move that probably switched one or two votes out of the Federalist column. Voting Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of blue are for Jefferson ( Democratic - Republican ) and shades of yellow are for Adams ( Federalist ). Because each state could choose its own election day in 1800, voting lasted from April to October. In April, Burr 's successful mobilization of the vote in New York City succeeded in reversing the Federalist majority in the state legislature to provide decisive support for the Democratic - Republican ticket. With the two parties tied 63 -- 63 in the Electoral College in the autumn of 1800, the last state to vote, South Carolina, chose eight Democratic - Republicans to award the election to Jefferson and Burr. Under the United States Constitution as it then stood, each elector cast two votes, and the candidate with a majority of the votes was elected president, with the vice presidency going to the runner - up. The Federalists therefore arranged for one of their electors to vote for John Jay rather than for Pinckney. The Democratic - Republicans had a similar plan to have one of their electors cast a vote for another candidate instead of Burr, but failed to execute it, thus all of the Democratic - Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, 73 in all for each of them. According to a provision of the United States Constitution, a tie in a case of this type had to be resolved by the House of Representatives, with each state casting one vote. Although the congressional election of 1800 turned over majority control of the House of Representatives to the Democratic - Republicans by 65 seats to 35, the presidential election had to be decided by the outgoing House that had been elected in the congressional election of 1798 ( at that time, the new presidential and congressional terms all started on March 4 of the year after a national election ). In the outgoing House, the Federalists retained a majority of 90 seats to 54. Disputes Defective certificates When the electoral ballots were opened and counted on February 11, 1801, it turned out that the certificate of election from Georgia was defective. While it was clear that the electors had cast their votes for Jefferson and Burr, the certificate did not take the constitutionally mandated form of a `` List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each ''. Vice President Jefferson, who was counting the votes in his role as President of the Senate, immediately counted the votes from Georgia as votes for Jefferson and Burr. No objections were raised. If the disputed Georgia ballots were rejected on these technicalities, Jefferson and Burr would have lost 4 electoral votes, leaving them with 69 electoral votes each. The counting of the votes would have failed to result in a majority of 70 votes for any of the four candidates, causing a constitutionally mandated Congressional runoff among the top five finishers. Instead, the total number of votes for Jefferson and Burr was 73, a majority of the total, but a tie between them. Results Of the 155 counties and independent cities making returns, Jefferson won in 115 ( 74.19 % ), whereas Adams carried 40 ( 25.81 % ). This was the first time that New York voted for the Democratic - Republicans. This was also the last time that Vermont voted for the Federalists. Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral vote Count Percentage Thomas Jefferson Democratic - Republican Virginia 41,330 61.4 % 73 Aaron Burr Democratic - Republican New York -- -- 73 John Adams ( incumbent ) Federalist Massachusetts 25,952 38.6 % 65 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist South Carolina -- -- 64 John Jay Federalist New York -- -- Total 67,282 100.0 % 276 Needed to win 70 Source ( Popular Vote ) : U.S. President National Vote. Our Campaigns. ( February 10, 2006 ). Source ( Popular Vote ) : A New Nation Votes : American Election Returns 1787 - 1825 Source ( Electoral Vote ) : `` Electoral College Box Scores 1789 -- 1996 ''. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 30, 2005. Votes for Federalist electors have been assigned to John Adams and votes for Democratic - Republican electors have been assigned to Thomas Jefferson. Only 6 of the 16 states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. Breakdown by ticket Presidential candidate Running mate Electoral vote Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr 73 John Adams Charles Cotesworth Pinckney 64 John Adams John Jay House election of 1801 Aaron Burr tied Jefferson in the Electoral College vote. The members of the House of Representatives balloted as states to determine whether Jefferson or Burr would become president. There were sixteen states, each with one vote ; an absolute majority of nine was required for victory. It was the outgoing House of Representatives, controlled by the Federalist Party, that was charged with electing the new president. While everyone knew that Republicans intended Jefferson to be their candidate for president and Burr for vice president, that did not bind the Federalists. Many were unwilling to support Jefferson, their principal political enemy since 1791. Seizing an opportunity to deny Jefferson the presidency, most Federalists voted for Burr, giving Burr six of the eight states controlled by Federalists. The seven delegations controlled by Republicans all voted for Jefferson, and Georgia 's sole Federalist representative also voted for him, giving him eight states. The Vermont delegation was evenly split and cast a blank ballot. The remaining state, Maryland, had five Federalist representatives to three Republicans ; one of its Federalist representatives voted for Jefferson, forcing that state delegation also to cast a blank ballot. Over the course of seven days, from February 11 to 17, the House cast a total of 35 ballots, with Jefferson receiving the votes of eight state delegations each time -- one short of the necessary majority of nine. During the contest, Hamilton recommended to Federalists that they support Jefferson because he was `` by far not so dangerous a man '' as Burr ; in short, he would much rather have someone with wrong principles than someone devoid of any. Hamilton embarked on a frenzied letter - writing campaign to get delegates to switch votes. On February 17, on the 36th ballot, Jefferson was elected. Federalist James A. Bayard of Delaware and his allies in Maryland and Vermont all cast blank ballots. This resulted in the Maryland and Vermont votes changing from no selection to Jefferson, giving him the votes of 10 states and the presidency. Bayard, as the sole representative from Delaware, changed his vote from Burr to no selection. The four representatives present from South Carolina, all Federalists, also changed their 3 -- 1 selection of Burr to four abstentions. Results Delegation result ( votes for Jefferson - votes for Burr - blank ballots ) State delegation Ballot 1st 2nd -- 35th 36th Overall results 8 Jefferson 6 Burr 2 No result 10 Jefferson 4 Burr 2 No result Georgia Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Kentucky Jefferson ( 2 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 2 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 2 -- 0 ) New Jersey Jefferson ( 3 -- 2 ) Jefferson ( 3 -- 2 ) Jefferson ( 3 -- 2 ) New York Jefferson ( 6 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 6 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 6 -- 4 ) North Carolina Jefferson ( 9 -- 1 ) Jefferson ( 6 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 6 -- 4 ) Pennsylvania Jefferson ( 9 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 9 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 9 -- 4 ) Tennessee Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 ) Virginia Jefferson ( 16 -- 3 ) Jefferson ( 14 -- 5 ) Jefferson ( 14 -- 5 ) Maryland no result ( 4 -- 4 ) no result ( 4 -- 4 ) Jefferson ( 4 -- 0 -- 4 ) Vermont no result ( 1 -- 1 ) no result ( 1 -- 1 ) Jefferson ( 1 -- 0 -- 1 ) Delaware Burr ( 0 -- 1 ) Burr ( 0 -- 1 ) no result ( 0 -- 0 -- 1 ) South Carolina Burr ( 0 -- 4 ) Burr ( 1 -- 3 ) no result ( 0 -- 0 -- 4 ) Connecticut Burr ( 0 -- 7 ) Burr ( 0 -- 7 ) Burr ( 0 -- 7 ) Massachusetts Burr ( 3 -- 11 ) Burr ( 3 -- 11 ) Burr ( 3 -- 11 ) New Hampshire Burr ( 0 -- 4 ) Burr ( 0 -- 4 ) Burr ( 0 -- 4 ) Rhode Island Burr ( 0 -- 2 ) Burr ( 0 -- 2 ) Burr ( 0 -- 2 ) The votes of the representatives is typical and may have fluctuated from ballot to ballot, but the result for each state did not change. Even though Georgia had two representatives apportioned, one seat was vacant due to the death of James Jones. Even though South Carolina had six representatives apportioned, Thomas Sumter was absent due to illness, and Abraham Nott departed for South Carolina between the first and final ballots. Electoral college selection The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their electors were chosen. Different state legislatures chose different methods : Method of choosing electors State ( s ) State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district Kentucky Maryland North Carolina Each Elector chosen by voters statewide Rhode Island Virginia State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district Each county chooses an electoral delegate by popular vote Elector is chosen by electoral delegates of the counties within their district Tennessee Each Elector appointed by state legislature ( all other states ) In popular Culture The election of 1800 was the topic of the song ' The Election of 1800 ' from the Broadway musical Hamilton. In the song ' Hamilton ' says `` I have never agreed with Jefferson once, we have fought on 75 different fronts, but when all is said and all is done : Jefferson has beliefs. Burr has none. '' This angers Burr and leads directly into the song ' Your Obedient Servant ' : in which Burr stands up to Hamilton and declares a duel. This duel led to the death of Alexander Hamilton. The election 's story and the eventual reconciliation between Jefferson and Adams was also retold in a second season episode of Comedy Central 's Drunk History, with Jerry O'Connell portraying Jefferson and Joe Lo Truglio as Adams. See also Government of the United States portal First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson United States House of Representatives elections, 1800 United States Senate elections, 1800 and 1801 History of the United States ( 1789 -- 1849 ) Stephen Simpson ( writer ) ( editor of the Aurora, a Philadelphia newspaper Jefferson credited for his victory in 1800 ) References Primary references Annals of the Congress of the United States, Washington, D.C. : Gales and Seaton, 1834 -- 1856, pp. 10 : 1028 -- 1033 `` A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College ''. The Green Papers. Retrieved March 20, 2005. Inline references Jump up ^ `` Thomas Jefferson : The Revolution of 1800 ''. PBS. Retrieved April 23, 2012. Jump up ^ `` A Revolution of 1800 After All : The Political Culture of the Earlier Early Republic and the Origins of American Democracy ''. Jeffrey L. Pasley University of Missouri - Columbia. Retrieved April 23, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Ferling ( 2004 ) Jump up ^ Negro President : Jefferson and the Slave Power ; Garry Wills ; Houghton Mifflin : pp. 2, 234. Jump up ^ `` Thomas Jefferson, the ' Negro President ' Chronicle of Founding Father 's Three - Fifths Slave Vote Victory ''. NPR. February 16, 2004. Retrieved February 1, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The real reason we have an Electoral College : to protect slave states ''. Jump up ^ Mintz, S. ( 2003 ). `` Gilder Lehrman Document Number : GLC 581 ''. Digital History. Retrieved September 20, 2006. Jump up ^ Buel ( 1972 ) Jump up ^ McCullough ( 2001 ) ^ Jump up to : Chernow ( 2004 ) ^ Jump up to : `` Party Divisions of the House of Representatives * 1789 -- Present ''. Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 1, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Bruce Ackerman and David Fontana, `` How Jefferson Counted Himself In, '' The Atlantic, March 2004. See also : Bruce Ackerman and David Fontana, `` Thomas Jefferson Counts Himself into the Presidency, '' ( 2004 ), 90 Virginia Law Review 551 - 643. Jump up ^ `` A New Nation Votes ''. Jump up ^ John Ferling, Adams vs. Jefferson : The Tumultuous Election of 1800 ( 2004 ) pp 175 - 96. Jump up ^ Roberts ( 2008 ) Jump up ^ Noel Campbell and Marcus Witcher, `` Political entrepreneurship : Jefferson, Bayard, and the election of 1800. '' Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 4.3 ( 2015 ) : 298 - 312. Jump up ^ `` The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789 ''. The Papers of George Washington. Retrieved May 4, 2005. Jump up ^ Prokop, Andrew ( November 28, 2015 ). `` The real - life election of 1800 was even wilder than Hamilton the musical lets on ''. Vox. Vox Media, Inc. http://www.vox.com/2015/11/28/9801376/hamilton-election-of-1800-burr-jefferson Bibliography Main article : Bibliography of Thomas Jefferson Ben - Atar, Doron ; Oberg, Barbara B., eds. ( 1999 ), Federalists Reconsidered, University of Virginia Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 8139 - 1863 - 1 Pasley, Jeffrey L. ; et al., eds. ( 2004 ), Beyond the Founders : New Approaches to the Political History of the Early American Republic, University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 8078 - 5558 - 4 Beard, Charles A. ( 1915 ), The Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy, ISBN 978 - 1 - 146 - 80267 - 3 Bowling, Kenneth R. ; Kennon, Donald R. ( 2005 ), Establishing Congress : The Removal to Washington, D.C., and the Election of 1800, Ohio University Press, ISBN 978 - 0 - 8214 - 1619 - 8 Buel, Richard ( 1972 ), Securing the Revolution : Ideology in American Politics, 1789 -- 1815 Chambers, William Nisbet ( 1963 ), Political Parties in a New Nation : The American Experience, 1776 -- 1809 Chernow, Ron ( 2005 ), Alexander Hamilton, Penguin, ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 303475 - 9 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. ( 1965 ), The Making of the American Party System 1789 to 1809 Dunn, Susan ( 2004 ), Jefferson 's second revolution : The Election Crisis of 1800 and the Triumph of Republicanism, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, ISBN 978 - 0 - 618 - 13164 - 8 Elkins, Stanley ; McKitrick, Eric ( 1995 ), The Age of Federalism Ferling, John ( 2004 ), Adams vs. Jefferson : The Tumultuous Election of 1800 Fischer, David Hackett ( 1965 ), The Revolution of American Conservatism : The Federalist Party in the Era of Jeffersonian Democracy Freeman, Joanne B. ( 2001 ), Affairs of Honor : National Politics in the New Republic Freeman, Joanne B. ( 1999 ), `` The election of 1800 : a study in the logic of political change '', Yale Law Journal, 108 ( 8 ) : 1959 -- 1994, JSTOR 797378, doi : 10.2307 / 797378 Goodman, Paul ( 1967 ), `` The First American Party System '', in Chambers, William Nisbet ; Burnham, Walter Dean, The American Party Systems : Stages of Political Development, pp. 56 -- 89 Hofstadter, Richard ( 1970 ), The Idea of a Party System Kennedy, Roger G. ( 2000 ), Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson : A Study in Character, Oxford University Press McCullough, David ( 2001 ), John Adams Horn, James P.P. ; Lewis, Jan Ellen ; Onuf, Peter S. ( 2002 ), The Revolution of 1800 : Democracy, Race, and the New Republic Miller, John C. ( 1959 ), Alexander Hamilton : Portrait in Paradox Roberts, Cokie ( 2008 ), Ladies of Liberty Schachner, Nathan ( 1961 ), Aaron Burr : A Biography Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, ed. ( 1986 ), History of American Presidential Elections, 1789 - 1984, Vol. 1, essay and primary sources on 1800. Sharp, James Roger. The Deadlocked Election of 1800 : Jefferson, Burr, and the Union in the Balance ( University Press of Kansas ; 2010 ) 239 pages ; Wills, Garry ( 2003 ), `` Negro President '' : Jefferson and the Slave Power, Houghton Mifflin Co., pp. 47 -- 89, ISBN 0 - 618 - 34398 - 9... also listed ( in at least one source ) as from Mariner Books ( Boston ) in 2004 External links Presidential Election of 1800 : A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress Documentary Timeline 1787 - 1800 Lesson plans from NEH A New Nation Votes : American Election Returns 1787 - 1825 Vote Archive : Town Map of Election Results in Rhode Island Vote Archive : County Map of Election Results in Virginia Overview at Dave Leip 's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections Booknotes interview with Bernard Weisberger on America Afire : Jefferson, Adams, and the First Contested Election, February 25, 2001. Booknotes interview with John Ferling on Adams vs. Jefferson : The Tumultuous Election of 1800, October 3, 2004. Election of 1800 in Counting the Votes Thomas Jefferson 3rd President of the United States ( 1801 -- 1809 ) 2nd U.S. Vice President ( 1797 -- 1801 ) 1st U.S. Secretary of State ( 1790 -- 1793 ) U.S. Minister to France ( 1785 -- 1789 ) 2nd Governor of Virginia ( 1779 -- 1781 ) Delegate, Second Continental Congress ( 1775 -- 1776 ) Founding documents of the United States A Summary View of the Rights of British America ( 1774 ) Initial draft, Olive Branch Petition ( 1775 ) Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms ( 1775 ) 1776 Declaration of Independence Committee of Five authored physical history `` All men are created equal '' `` Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness '' `` Consent of the governed '' 1786 Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom freedom of religion French Revolution Co-author, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( 1789 ) Presidency Inaugural Address ( 1801 1805 ) Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition Corps of Discovery timeline Empire of Liberty Red River Expedition Pike Expedition Cumberland Road Embargo Act of 1807 Chesapeake -- Leopard Affair Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 First Barbary War Native American policy Marbury v. Madison West Point Military Academy State of the Union Addresses ( texts 1801 1802 1805 ) Cabinet Federal judicial appointments Other noted accomplishments Early life and career Founder, University of Virginia history Land Ordinance of 1784 Northwest Ordinance 1787 Anti-Administration party Democratic - Republican Party Jeffersonian democracy First Party System republicanism Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measure of the United States ( 1790 ) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions A Manual of Parliamentary Practice ( 1801 ) Jeffersonian architecture Barboursville Farmington Monticello gardens Poplar Forest University of Virginia The Rotunda The Lawn Virginia State Capitol White House Colonnades Other writings Notes on the State of Virginia ( 1785 ) 1787 European journey memorandums Indian removal letters Jefferson Bible ( 1895 ) Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society Related Age of Enlightenment American Enlightenment American Philosophical Society American Revolution patriots Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence Committee of the States Founding Fathers of the United States Franco - American alliance Jefferson and education Religious views Jefferson and slavery Jefferson and the Library of Congress Jefferson disk Jefferson Pier Pet mockingbird National Gazette Residence Act Compromise of 1790 Sally Hemings Jefferson -- Hemings controversy Betty Hemings Separation of church and state Swivel chair The American Museum magazine Virginia dynasty Elections United States Presidential election 1796 1800 1804 Legacy Bibliography Jefferson Memorial Mount Rushmore Birthday Thomas Jefferson Building Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression Jefferson Lecture Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service Jefferson Lab Monticello Association Jefferson City, Missouri Jefferson College Thomas Jefferson School of Law Thomas Jefferson University Washington and Jefferson National Forests Other placenames Currency depictions Jefferson nickel Two - dollar bill U.S. postage stamps Popular culture Ben and Me ( 1953 short ) 1776 ( 1969 musical 1972 film ) Jefferson in Paris ( 1995 film ) Thomas Jefferson ( 1997 film ) Liberty ! ( 1997 documentary series ) Liberty 's Kids ( 2002 animated series ) John Adams ( 2008 miniseries ) Jefferson 's Garden ( 2015 play ) Hamilton ( 2015 musical ) Jefferson -- Eppes Trophy Wine bottles controversy Family Peter Jefferson ( father ) Jane Randolph Jefferson ( mother ) Lucy Jefferson Lewis ( sister ) Randolph Jefferson ( brother ) Isham Randolph ( grandfather ) William Randolph ( great - grandfather ) Martha Jefferson ( wife ) Martha Jefferson Randolph ( daughter ) Mary Jefferson Eppes ( daughter ) Harriet Hemings ( daughter ) Madison Hemings ( son ) Eston Hemings ( son ) Thomas J. Randolph ( grandson ) Francis Eppes ( grandson ) George W. Randolph ( grandson ) John Wayles Jefferson ( grandson ) Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. ( son - in - law ) John Wayles Eppes ( son - in - law ) John Wayles ( father - in - law ) Dabney Carr ( brother - in - law ) Dabney Carr ( nephew ) ← John Adams James Madison → Category John Adams 2nd President of the United States, 1797 -- 1801 1st Vice President of the United States, 1789 -- 1797 U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1785 -- 1788 U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands, 1782 -- 1788 Delegate, Second Continental Congress, 1775 -- 1778 Delegate, First Continental Congress, 1774 Founding of the United States Braintree Instructions ( 1765 ) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Novanglus ; A History of the Dispute with America, From Its Origin in 1754 to the Present Time ( 1775 ) Thoughts on Government ( 1776 ) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775 - 1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts ( 1780 ) Treaty of Paris, 1783 Presidency Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. Madison State of the Union Address ( 1797 1798 1799 1800 ) Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments Other writings Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Life and homes Early life and education Adams National Historical Park John Adams Birthplace Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace Peacefield Presidential Library Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University Presidents House, Philadelphia Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences United First Parish Church and gravesite Elections United States presidential election 1788 -- 1789 1792 1796 1800 Legacy Adams House at Harvard University John Adams Building U.S. Postage stamps Adams Memorial Popular culture Profiles in Courage ( 1964 series ) American Primitive ( 1969 play ) 1776 ( 1969 musical 1972 film ) The Adams Chronicles ( 1976 miniseries ) Liberty ! ( 1997 documentary series ) Liberty 's Kids ( 2002 animated series ) John Adams ( 2001 book 2008 miniseries ) Sons of Liberty ( 2015 miniseries ) Related `` Adams and Liberty '' campaign song Adams ' personal library American Enlightenment Congress Hall Federalist Party Federalist Era First Party System republicanism American Philosophical Society Gazette of the United States The American Museum American Revolution patriots Family Abigail Adams wife Quincy family Abigail Adams Smith ( daughter ) John Quincy Adams son presidency Charles Adams ( son ) Thomas Boylston Adams ( son ) George W. Adams ( grandson ) Charles Adams Sr. ( grandson ) John Adams II ( grandson ) John Q. Adams ( great - grandson ) Henry Adams ( great - grandson ) Brooks Adams ( great - grandson ) John Adams Sr. ( father ) Susanna Boylston ( mother ) Elihu Adams ( brother ) Samuel Adams ( second cousin ) Louisa Adams daughter - in - law First Lady ← George Washington Thomas Jefferson → Category United States presidential elections Elections by year 1788 -- 89 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 2000 2008 2012 2016 2020 Elections by state Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington, D.C. 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Question: who determined the outcome of the election or 1800
Answer: House of Representatives