Human resources - wikipedia Human resources For other uses, see Human resources ( disambiguation ). `` Manpower '' redirects here. For other uses, see Manpower ( disambiguation ). Human resources Occupation Department within an organization Activity sectors Economy and business Description Competencies Staffing ( recruitments, dismissals, managing labour law, employment standards, administration and employee benefits ) and bringing out the best work ethic Related jobs Workforce, human capital, manpower, talent, labour, personnel, people, HR analytics, recruitment, learning and development Business administration Management of a business Accounting Management accounting Financial accounting Financial audit Business entities Cooperative Corporation Limited liability company Partnership Sole proprietorship State - owned enterprise Corporate governance Annual general meeting Board of directors Supervisory board Advisory board Audit committee Corporate law Commercial law Constitutional documents Contract Corporate crime Corporate liability Insolvency law International trade law Mergers and acquisitions Economics Commodity Public economics Labour economics Development economics International economics Mixed economy Planned economy Econometrics Environmental economics Open economy Market economy Knowledge economy Microeconomics Macroeconomics Economic development Economic statistics Finance Financial statement Insurance Factoring Cash conversion cycle Insider dealing Capital budgeting Commercial bank Derivative Financial statement analysis Financial risk Public finance Corporate finance Managerial finance International finance Liquidation Stock market Financial market Tax Financial institution Working capital Venture capital Marketing Marketing Marketing research Public relations Sales Types of management Asset Brand Business intelligence Business development Capacity Change innovation Commercial marketing Communications Conflict Content Customer relationship Distributed Earned value Electronic business Enterprise resource planning management information system Financial Human resource development Incident Integrated Knowledge Materials Network Office Operations services Performance Power Problem Process Product life - cycle Product Project Quality Records Resource Risk crisis Sales Security Service Strategic Supply chain Systems administrator Talent Technology The Organization Architecture Behavior Communication Culture Conflict Development Engineering Hierarchy Patterns Space Structure Trade Business analysis Business ethics Business plan Business judgment rule Consumer behaviour Business operations International business Business model International trade Business process Business statistics Business and economics portal Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. `` Human capital '' is sometimes used synonymously with `` human resources '', although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view ( i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and economic growth ). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include `` manpower '', `` talent '', `` labour '', `` personnel '', or simply `` people ''. A human - resources department ( HR department ) of an organization performs human resource management, overseeing various aspects of employment, such as compliance with labour law and employment standards, administration of employee benefits, and some aspects of recruitment and dismissal. Contents 1 Definition of staffing or personnel management 2 Activities 3 History 4 Origins of the terminology 5 The term in practice 6 Concerns about the terminology 7 Development 8 Planning 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Definition of staffing or personnel management Staffing is a process of hiring or positioning in an organization. Activities A human resources manager has several functions in a company : Determine needs of the staff. Determine to use temporary staff or hire employees to fill these needs. Recruit and train the best employees. Supervise the work. Manage employee relations, unions and collective bargaining. Prepare employee records and personal policies. Ensure high performance. Manage employee payroll, benefits and compensation. Ensure equal opportunities. Deal with discrimination. Deal with performance issues. Ensure that human resources practices conform to various regulations. Push the employees ' motivation. Managers need to develop their interpersonal skills to be effective. Organisations behaviour focuses on how to improve factors that make organisations more effective. History This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( August 2017 ) Issues of human resources and their deployment in some pre-modern societies can emerge in studies of slavery. Historically, the part of an organization that managed hiring, firing, and interactions with employees from the standpoint of the company / corporation was called `` The Staffing Department ''. Since then, humanity has begun to call them the `` Human Resource Department '', because humans, from the standpoint of a corporation, are merely resources to be managed as cattle, extracting as much knowledge, skills, and labour as possible, while still obeying local laws which get in the way of the efficiency of those goals. The separation of management from staffing in this fashion has disintermediated the moral and ethical connection between the employees and the humans actually running the corporation, allowing the corporation to steam headlong into more capitalistic profit, without the managing humans experiencing as much guilt or human connection to the human resources they indirectly command, for the good of the enactment of policy of the corporation. The next step will be to simply gain the ability to run a corporation with an initial amount of policy, and have artificially intelligent neural networks run the intermediary management through electronic messaging, alongside the electronically maintained Human Resource Department, extracting as much knowledge and patterns for the development of electronic intelligence capital, so that a corporation can exist, self - sustain, grow, and multiply, without having a single human being in charge, and gradually replacing the workforce it would be forced to maintain, with automation and deep learning algorithms and databases -- thus will the human aspect of corporation resource utilization be unnecessary, and be allowed to starve to death in the streets, unable to pay any bills and electronically file their tax claims, while the automata in command of the beachhead of said corporations continue, without conscience or awareness, to implement the policy it was designed to perpetuate. This has been the goal of several corporations for a few years now, in creating products that allow deep learning algorithms easy implementation within customers ' corporations for the purpose of meeting design goals in business - oriented tasks such as marketing or other measurable business metrics, albeit designed to be benign, are already replacing human management thinking after only a few years. Origins of the terminology Pioneering economist John R. Commons used the term `` human resource '' in his 1893 book The Distribution of Wealth but did not further build upon it. The term `` human resource '' was subsequently in use during the 1910s and 1920s as was the notion that workers could be seen as a kind of capital asset. Among scholars the first use of `` human resources '' in its modern form was in a 1958 report by economist E. Wight Bakke. The term began to become more developed in the 19th century due to misunderstandings between employers and employees. The term in practice From the corporate objective, employees have been traditionally viewed as assets to the enterprise, whose value is enhanced by further learning and development, referred to as human resource development. In regard to how individuals respond to the changes in a labour market, the following must be understood : Skills and qualifications : as industries move from manual to more managerial professions so does the need for more highly skilled staff. If the market is `` tight '' ( i.e. not enough staff for the jobs ), employers must compete for employees by offering financial rewards, community investment, etc. Geographical spread : how far is the job from the individual ? The distance to travel to work should be in line with remuneration, and the transportation and infrastructure of the area also influence who applies for a position. Occupational structure : the norms and values of the different careers within an organization. Mahoney 1989 developed 3 different types of occupational structure, namely, craft ( loyalty to the profession ), organization career path ( promotion through the firm ) and unstructured ( lower / unskilled workers who work when needed ). Generational difference : different age categories of employees have certain characteristics, for example, their behavior and their expectations of the organization. Concerns about the terminology One major concern about considering people as assets or resources is that they will be commoditized, objectified and abused. Some analysis suggests that human beings are not `` commodities '' or `` resources '', but are creative and social beings in a productive enterprise. The 2000 revision of ISO 9001, in contrast, requires identifying the processes, their sequence and interaction, and to define and communicate responsibilities and authorities. In general, heavily unionised nations such as France and Germany have adopted and encouraged such approaches. Also, in 2001, the International Labour Organization decided to revisit and revise its 1975 Recommendation 150 on Human Resources Development, resulting in its `` Labour is not a commodity '' principle. One view of these trends is that a strong social consensus on political economy and a good social welfare system facilitate labour mobility and tend to make the entire economy more productive, as labour can develop skills and experience in various ways, and move from one enterprise to another with little controversy or difficulty in adapting. Another important controversy regards labour mobility and the broader philosophical issue with usage of the phrase `` human resources ''. Governments of developing nations often regard developed nations that encourage immigration or `` guest workers '' as appropriating human capital that is more rightfully part of the developing nation and required to further its economic growth. Over time, the United Nations have come to more generally support the developing nations ' point of view, and have requested significant offsetting `` foreign aid '' contributions so that a developing nation losing human capital does not lose the capacity to continue to train new people in trades, professions, and the arts. Development Human resources play an important part of developing and making a company or organization at the beginning or making a success at the end, due to the labour provided by employees. Human resources is intended to show how to have better employment relations in the workforce. Also, to bring out the best work ethic of the employees and therefore making a move to a better working environment. Planning Administration and operations used to be the two role areas of HR. The strategic planning component came into play as a result of companies recognizing the need to consider HR needs in goals and strategies. HR directors commonly sit on company executive teams because of the HR planning function. Numbers and types of employees and the evolution of compensation systems are among elements in the planning role. Various factors affecting Human Resource planning Organizational Structure, Growth, Business Location, Demographic changes, environmental uncertainties, expansion etc. Additionally, this area encompasses the realm of talent management. See also Activity - based working Chief human resources officer Employee offboarding Human resource accounting Human resource management Industrial and organizational psychology References Jump up ^ `` Beyond Hiring and Firing : What is HR Management ? ''. The Balance. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 22. Jump up ^ Heneman III, Herbert ; Judge, Timothy A ( 2005 ). Staffing Organizations. USA : McGraw - Hill. ISBN 0 - 07 - 298722 - 7. Jump up ^ Mathis, R.L ; Jackson, J.H ( 2003 ). Human Resource Management. Thomson. Jump up ^ The term Human Resources has been regarded in the past, in and of itself, as slavery. ( citation needed ) Compare : Dunbar, Roberta Ann ( 1979 ) ( 1977 ). `` 6 : Slavery and the Evolution of Nineteenth Century Damagaram ( Zinder, Niger ) ''. In Suzanne Miers Kopytoff, Igor. Slavery in Africa : Historical and Anthropological Perspectives. Madison, Wisconsin : University of Wisconsin Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780299073343. Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 06. Freedom of movement, prospects of economic gain, integrity of family, access to education and to positions that challenged their intellectual and administrative ability - all these facilitated the slaves ' incorporation into the society. The society as a whole benefited from the leaven of a larger genetic and cultural variety - increased numbers, and a more efficient mobilization of human resources. Jump up ^ `` HR Issues '' ( PDF ). faculty.mu.edu.sa. Retrieved 20 September 2017. Jump up ^ Kaufman, Bruce E. ( 2001 ). `` Human resources and industrial relations : Commonalities and differences '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ Kaufman, Bruce E. ( 2008 ). Managing the Human Factor : The Early Years of Human Resource Management in American Industry. Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press. p. 312n28. Jump up ^ Maugans, Chris. `` 21St Century Human Resources : Employee Advocate, Business Partner, Or Both ?. '' Cornell HR Review ( 2015 ) : 1 - 4. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2015 Jump up ^ Elwood F. Holton II, James W. Trott, Jr., 1996, Trends Toward a Closer Integration of Vocational Education and Human Resources Development, Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 12, No. 2, p7 Jump up ^ `` Managing Generational Differences in the Human Resources Role ''. Jump up ^ Radhakrishna, A., and R. Satya Raju. `` A Study On The Effect Of Human Resource Development On Employment Relations. '' IUP Journal of Management Research 14.3 ( 2015 ) : 28 - 42. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2015. Jump up ^ `` What Is the Difference Between Human Resource Management & Human Resource Planning ? ''. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 08. External links Library resources in your library and in other libraries about Human resources Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_resources&oldid=808305306 '' Categories : Human resource management Hidden categories : Articles to be expanded from August 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from August 2017 Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti فارسی 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Русский සිංහල Simple English Српски / srpski Tagalog தமிழ் Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 November 2017, at 01 : 57. 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Question: define the role of human resources in any industry
Answer: the workforce