Fred Hollows - Wikipedia Fred Hollows Fred Hollows Fred Hollows Frederick Cossom Hollows ( 1929 - 04 - 09 ) 9 April 1929 Dunedin, New Zealand 10 February 1993 ( 1993 - 02 - 10 ) ( aged 63 ) Randwick, New South Wales, Australia Nationality New Zealander / Australian Occupation Ophthalmologist Spouse ( s ) Mary Skiller ( m. 1958 -- 1975 ) Gabi O'Sullivan ( m. 1980 -- 1993 ) Children 7 Frederick Cossom Hollows, AC ( 9 April 1929 -- 10 February 1993 ) was a New Zealand - Australian ophthalmologist who became known for his work in restoring eyesight for countless thousands of people in Australia and many other countries. It has been estimated that more than one million people in the world can see today because of initiatives instigated by Hollows, the most notable example being The Fred Hollows Foundation. Contents 1 Early life 2 Medical career 2.1 Overseas work 2.2 Opinions regarding HIV / AIDS 3 Death 4 Recognition and awards 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Early life Fred Hollows was one of a family of four boys ; the others being Colin, John and Maurice. All were born in Dunedin, New Zealand, to Joseph and Clarice ( Marshall ) Hollows. The family lived in Dunedin for the first seven years of his life. He had one year of informal primary schooling at North East Valley Primary School and began attending Palmerston North Boys ' High School when he was 13. Hollows received his BA degree from Victoria University of Wellington. He briefly studied at a seminary, but decided against a life in the clergy. After observing the doctors at a mental hospital during some charity work, he instead enrolled at Otago Medical School. While living in Dunedin he was an active member of the New Zealand Alpine Club and made several first ascents of mountains in the Mount Aspiring / Tititea region of Central Otago. In 1951 Edmund Hillary was on a test run for Everest, and was backpacking up the Tasman Glacier towards Malte Brun Hut ; all five were carrying loads of 70 lb ( 32 kg ) or more. He was met by a young man ( Hollows ) who came bounding down to meet me and offered to carry my load up to the hut. No one had ever offered to carry my load before, but it was too good an offer to refuse. I handed my pack over and saw his legs buckle slightly at the knees. Hollows was a member of the Communist Party of New Zealand during the 1950s and 1960s. Hollows was married twice : in 1958 to Mary Skiller, who died in 1975, and in 1980 to Gabi O'Sullivan. Hollows was originally a New Zealand citizen. He declined the award of honorary Officer of the Order of Australia in 1985. He adopted Australian citizenship in 1989 and was named Australian of the Year in 1990. He accepted the substantive award of Companion of the Order of Australia in 1991. Medical career In 1961, he went to Moorfields Eye Hospital in England to study ophthalmology. He then did post-graduate work in Wales before moving in 1965 to Australia, where he became associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. From 1965 -- 1992 he chaired the ophthalmology division overseeing the teaching departments at the University of New South Wales, and the Prince of Wales and Prince Henry hospitals. Early in the 1970s, Hollows worked with the Gurindji people at Wave Hill in the Northern Territory and then with the people around Bourke and other isolated New South Wales towns, stations and Aboriginal communities. He became especially concerned with the high number of Aboriginal people who had eye disorders, particularly trachoma. In July 1971, with Mum ( Shirl ) Smith and others, he set up the Aboriginal Medical Service in suburban Redfern in Sydney, and subsequently assisted in the establishment of medical services for Aboriginal People throughout Australia. He was responsible for organising the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists to establish the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program ( the `` Trachoma Program '' ) 1976 -- 1978, with funding by the Federal Government. Hollows himself spent three years visiting Aboriginal communities to provide eye care and carry out a survey of eye defects. More than 460 Aboriginal communities were visited, and 62,000 Aboriginal people were examined, leading to 27,000 being treated for trachoma and 1,000 operations being carried out. Overseas work His visits to Nepal in 1985, Eritrea in 1987, and Vietnam in 1991 resulted in training programs to train local technicians to perform eye surgery. Hollows organised intraocular lens laboratories in Eritrea and Nepal to manufacture and provide lenses at cost, which was about A $10 ( approximately US $7.50 ) each. Both laboratories started production after his death, in 1993. The Fred Hollows Foundation was launched as an Australian charitable foundation in Sydney on 3 September 1992 to continue the work of Fred Hollows in providing eye care for the underprivileged and poor, and to improve the health of indigenous Australians. The Foundation has also registered as a charity organisation in the United Kingdom where Fred did much of his training, and in his country of birth, New Zealand. Opinions regarding HIV / AIDS In 1992, Hollows spoke at the Alice Springs National Aboriginal HIV / AIDS Conference, and argued that some areas of the AIDS campaign were being inadequately dealt with at the time. According to The Australian 's Martin Thomas, Hollows stated that some homosexuals were `` recklessly spreading the virus '' ; therefore, the safe sex campaign was an inadequate way of dealing with the issue. To contain the disease, Hollows argued that promiscuity needed to be addressed. Hollows observed the spread of AIDS in contemporary African communities and he was concerned that AIDS would spread as vehemently through Aboriginal communities. Death Farnham House, the Hollows home in the suburb of Randwick Hollows died in Sydney, Australia in 1993 at the age of 63. The cause of his death was metastatic renal cancer primarily affecting his lungs and brain. He had been diagnosed with the disease six years earlier, in 1987. Upon his death the Chief Minister of the ACT, Rosemary Follett, described Hollows to her parliamentary colleagues as `` an egalitarian and a self - named anarcho - syndicalist who wanted to see an end to the economic disparity which exists between the First and Third Worlds and who believed in no power higher than the best expressions of the human spirit found in personal and social relationships. '' Hollows was given a state funeral service at St Mary 's Cathedral in Sydney, though he was an atheist, and, in accordance with his wishes, was interred in Bourke, where he had worked in the early 1970s. He was survived by his wife Gabi Hollows ( an Australian Living Treasure ), and children Tanya, Ben, Cam, Emma, Anna - Louise, Ruth and Rosa. A reserve near his old home in the Sydney suburb of Randwick was named Fred Hollows Reserve in 1993. Recognition and Awards 1981 : Advance Australia Award for Aboriginal eye care. 1985 : was a consultant to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ). 1985 : offered appointment as an honorary Officer ( AO ) of the Order of Australia but he refused to accept the award because he was appalled at what he regarded as blatant lack of interest by the government in eye care for Aboriginal people. However, he went on to become an Australian citizen on 26 April 1989. 1990 : received Human Rights Medal 1990 : named Australian of the Year 1990 : received a second Advance Australia Award, for Medicine and Overseas Aid 1991 : named Humanist of the Year 1991 : named a Paul Harris Fellow by Rotary International 1991 : received Honorary Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Science, University of New South Wales 1991 : appointed Companion of the Order of Australia ( AC ) 1991 : awarded Honorary Doctorate of Science, Macquarie University 1991 : named the first honorary citizen of Eritrea 1992 : received Honorary Doctorate, Queensland University of Technology 1993 : received Albert Schweitzer Award of Distinction, Chapman University, USA 1993 : received Rotary International 's highest honour, the Rotary Award for World Understanding. 1993 : received the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists Medal for his years of distinguished meritorious and selfless service -- presented to him the night before he died. 1993 : posthumously named a Melvin Jones Fellow of Lions Clubs International. 1993 : Fred Hollows Reserve in Hollow 's hometown of Randwick, Sydney established to preserve a natural rainforest gully and save it from future development. 2004 : entered into the ' Hall of Fame ' at the inaugural NSW Aboriginal Health Awards, in recognition of his `` outstanding contribution and achievement to Indigenous health in Australia ''. 2005 : an operating theatre was named after him at Canberra Eye Hospital, ACT, Australia. 2005 : named one of `` New Zealand 's Top 100 History Makers '' by Prime Television New Zealand. 2006 : named one of the `` 100 most influential Australians '' by The Bulletin magazine. 2010 : featured on $1 Coin from the Royal Australian Mint as part of the Inspirational Australians Series. 2016 : The street in a new, developing sub-section in his birthplace Dunedin, called Three Hills, was named Fred Hollows Way, in memory. 2017 : Sydney Ferries ' Emerald - class ferry named Fred Hollows. See also Himalayan Cataract Project References Jump up ^ `` Fact Sheet Fred Hollows '' ( PDF ). The Fred Hollows Foundation. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 23 October 2013. Jump up ^ Hillary, Edmund ( 1999 ). View from the Summit. Auckland : Doubleday / Random House. pp. 69, 70. ISBN 0 - 908821 - 09 - 3. Jump up ^ Editorial : Fred Hollows -- GreenLeft online. 17 February 1993 Jump up ^ Lewis, Wendy ( 2010 ). Australians of the Year. Pier 9 Press. ISBN 978 - 1 - 74196 - 809 - 5. Jump up ^ Mum Shirl, Mum Shirl : an autobiography, Mammoth Australia, 1992, pp 107 ISBN 1 - 86330 - 144 - 5 Jump up ^ Powerhouse Museum, National Trachoma and Eye Health Program 1976 -- improving eye health in remote communities, Accessed 14 August 2008 Jump up ^ Hugh R Taylor, Trachoma in Australia, Medical Journal of Australia 2001 ; 175 : 371 -- 372, Accessed 13 August 2008 Jump up ^ Ruit S, Brian G, Hollows F., On the practicalities of eye camp cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in Nepal, Ophthalmic Surgery. 1990 Dec ; 21 ( 12 ) : 862 - 5. PMID 2096350 Accessed 13 August 2008 Jump up ^ Fred Hollows and Garry Brain, Eye surgery in Eritrea, British Journal of Ophthalmology 1991 January ; 75 ( 1 ) : 64. Accessed 13 August 2008 Jump up ^ `` The Fred Hollows Foundation ''. www.hollows.org.au. Jump up ^ The Hissink File -- August 2006 Archived 26 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ AIDS -- Have we got it Right ? -- ADF Jump up ^ Rosemary Follett, ACT Parliamentary Hansard 16 February 1993 Jump up ^ Hildebrand, Joe ( 11 February 2008 ). `` Fred Hollows remembered at ceremony in Bourke ''. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` Fred in Bourke ''. The Fred Hollows Foundation International. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Jump up ^ Humanist Society of Victoria Australian Humanists of the Year Archived 30 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 13 August 2008 Jump up ^ The 100 most influential Australians -- The Bulletin and The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 June 2006 Jump up ^ Fred Hollows Featured on Australian $1 Coin -- Coin Update News. 19 July 2010 Jump up ^ Fred Hollows coin released, Australian Geographic, 8 July 2010 Jump up ^ Goodwin, Eileen ( 8 September 2016 ). `` Street named for surgeon ''. Otago Daily Times. Jump up ^ Incat ferries bound for Denmark & Sydney Harbour The Mercury 21 April 2017 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fred Hollows Reserve, Randwick. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Fred Hollows The Fred Hollows Foundation Green Left Weekly obituary Racism no way fact sheet Watch clips from the documentary ' For All the World to See ', about Hollows on australianscreen Winners of the Australian of the Year Award 1960 Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1961 Joan Sutherland 1962 Jock Sturrock 1963 John Eccles 1964 Dawn Fraser 1965 Robert Helpmann 1966 Jack Brabham 1967 The Seekers 1968 Lionel Rose 1969 Lord Casey 1970 Norman Gilroy 1971 Evonne Goolagong 1972 Shane Gould 1973 Patrick White 1974 Bernard Heinze 1975 John Cornforth / Alan Stretton 1976 Edward Dunlop 1977 Raigh Roe / Murray Tyrrell 1978 Alan Bond / Galarrwuy Yunupingu 1979 Neville Bonner / Harry Butler 1980 Manning Clark 1981 John Crawford 1982 Edward Williams 1983 Robert de Castella 1984 Lowitja O'Donoghue 1985 Paul Hogan 1986 Dick Smith 1987 John Farnham 1988 Kay Cottee 1989 Allan Border 1990 Fred Hollows 1991 Peter Hollingworth 1992 Mandawuy Yunupingu 1993 no award 1994 Ian Kiernan 1995 Arthur Boyd 1996 John Yu 1997 Peter Doherty 1998 Cathy Freeman 1999 Mark Taylor 2000 Gustav Nossal 2001 Peter Cosgrove 2002 Pat Rafter 2003 Fiona Stanley 2004 Steve Waugh 2005 Fiona Wood 2006 Ian Frazer 2007 Tim Flannery 2008 Lee Kernaghan 2009 Mick Dodson 2010 Patrick McGorry 2011 Simon McKeon 2012 Geoffrey Rush 2013 Ita Buttrose 2014 Adam Goodes 2015 Rosie Batty 2016 David Morrison 2017 Alan Mackay - Sim 2018 Michelle Simmons ISNI : 0000 0000 7860 9562 LCCN : n93800828 NLA : 35909773 VIAF : 73076560 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hollows&oldid=842712178 '' Categories : 1929 births 1993 deaths Australian ophthalmologists Deaths from cancer in New South Wales Deaths from kidney cancer People from Dunedin People from Sydney Companions of the Order of Australia Australian of the Year Award winners Victoria University of Wellington alumni University of New South Wales faculty People educated at Palmerston North Boys ' High School 20th - century New Zealand medical doctors Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Use Australian English from October 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014 Pages to import images to Wikidata Articles with hCards Use dmy dates from September 2015 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Español Euskara Français Gaeilge Simple English Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 24 May 2018, at 05 : 18. 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Question: when did fred hollows get australian of the year
Answer: 1990