Forestry in Pakistan - wikipedia Forestry in Pakistan View of ' Fairy Meadow ' at Nanga Parbat showing conifer forest of Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana. Part of a series on Wildlife of Pakistan Biodiversity Fauna and Flora Wildflowers Trees Molluscs Ants Odonates Butterflies Moths Spiders Crustaceans Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Endangered species Conservation Protected areas National parks Game reserves Wildlife sanctuaries Wetlands sites Protected and reserved forests of Pakistan Biosphere reserves of Pakistan List of marine protected areas of Pakistan Organizations National Ministry of Environment ( Pakistan ) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Dhodial Pheasantry Zoological Survey Department of Pakistan Sindh Wildlife Department Punjab Wildlife Department Khyber Pakhtukhwa Wildlife Department Baluchistan Wildlife Department Gilgit Baltistan Wildlife Department Himalayan Wildlife Foundation National Institute of Oceanography ( Pakistan ) International CITES IUCN WSPA WWF Snow Leopard Trust Related topics Ecoregions Forestry Fishing Agriculture Tourism Botanical and Zoological gardens Environmental issues The forestry sector of Pakistan is a main source of lumber, paper, fuelwood, latex, medicine as well as food and provide ecotourism and wildlife conservation purposes. Less than 4 % of land in Pakistan is covered with forests. Contents 1 Statistics 2 Distribution 3 Types 4 Uses 5 Deforestation 6 Conservation 7 Organizations 7.1 Research institutions 7.2 Botanical gardens 7.3 Companies 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Statistics Total forest area coverage ( source ) Parameter Pakistan Asia World Total forest area in 2000 ( 000 ha ) 2,361 504,180 3,869,455 Natural forest area in 2000 ( 000 ha ) 1,381 375,824 3,682,722 Plantations area in 2000 ( 000 ha ) 980 110,953 186,733 Total dryland area in 1981 ( 000 ha ) 72,524 1,078,121 5,059,984 Percentage of forests ~ 3 % ~ 20 % ~ 29 % Distribution Main article : Flora of Pakistan Types Lajbouk Lower Dir The coniferous forests occur from 1,000 to 4,000 m altitudes. Chitral, Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Malakand, Mansehra and Abbottabad districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir and Rawalpindi district of the Punjab are the main areas covered with coniferous forests. Pindrow Fir ( Abies pindrow ), Morinda spruce ( Picea smithiana ), deodar ( Cedrus deodara ), blue pine ( Pinus wallichiana ), chir pine ( Pinus roxburghii ) are the most common varieties. The Coniferous forests also occur in Balochistan hills. Chilghoza pine ( Pinus gerardiana ) and juniper ( Juniperous macropoda ) are the two most common species of Balochistan. Miandam Swat The sub-tropical dry forests are found in the Attock, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Jhelum and Gujrat districts of the Punjab, and in the Mansehra, Abbottabad, Mardan, Peshawar and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa up to a height of 1,000 m. In Balochistan, they are confined to the Sulaiman Mountains and other hilly areas. Dominant tree species are phulai ( Acacia modesta ), kau ( Olea cuspidata ) and hopbush ( Dodonaea viscosa ). The tropical thorn forests are dominated by xerophytic scrubs. They are most widespread in the Punjab plains but also occupy small areas in southern Sindh and western Balochistan. They are mainly used for grazing purposes, watershed protection and fuelwood. Common species are vann ( Salvadora oleoides ), khejri ( Prosopis cineraria ), kair ( Capparis aphylla ), etc. The irrigated plantations were first developed in 1866 at Changa Manga in Lahore. Today they occupy about 226,000 ha. Sheesham ( Dalbergia sissoo ), mulberry / Shahtoot ( Morus alba ), babul ( Acacia nilotica ) and species of Eucalyptus and Populus are the common tree species grown in the irrigated plantations. The rivarian forests grow in narrow belts along the banks of River Indus and its tributaries. They are more commonly found in Sindh and to some extent in the Punjab. Babul ( Acacia nilotica ), Shisham ( Dalbergia sissoo ) and Tamarax dioica are the most common species. Khejri ( Prosopis cineraria ) and Populus euphratica are some other species. They are mainly used for lumber. The mangrove wetlands are located in the Indus River Delta. Other saltwater wetlands are located on the coast of Balochistan such as at Sonmiani and Jiwani. These support mangrove forestry, mainly of species Avicennia marina as well as bamboo species and marsh grasses of Apluda and Cenchrus. Ecosystems area by type in 1993 ( source ) Ecosystem type Pakistan Asia World Shrublands, woodlands and grasslands 36 % 37 % 37 % Sparse or barren vegetation ; snow and ice 34 % 10 % 16 % Cropland and natural vegetation mosaic 28 % 34 % 20 % Wetlands and water bodies 1 % 2 % 3 % Uses The forests of Pakistan are a main source of lumber, paper, fuelwood, latex, medicine as well as human and animal food. Other minor products include resin ( a fluid in tissue of Chir pine plant that becomes solid on exposure to the air ) and ' mazri ' ( used for making baskets ). The forests also provide for ecotourism and wildlife conservation purposes. Forests have also been planted in some areas like Thal Desert to avoid soil erosion and further desertification. Riparian zone along the river Indus have been managed to avoid excess flooding. Annual production, 1996 - 1998 ( source ) Parameter Pakistan Asia World Total production ( 000m3 ) 31,528 1,111,958 3,261,621 Fuelwood production ( 000m3 ) 29,312 863,316 1,739,504 Industrial roundwood production ( 000m3 ) 2,217 268,470 1,522,116 Paper ( thousand metric tons ) 619 88,859 313,206 Deforestation Main article : Environmental issues in Pakistan The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued this sector at Rs. 25,637 million in 2005 thus registering over 3 % decline of forests in Pakistan since 2000. The main reasons of deforestation are urbanization, farming, overgrazing, and tourism development. This has led to severe consequences desertification, flooding and endangering of wildlife. As a consequence to deforestation and changing land use patterns, the most critically affected ecosystems of Pakistan are : Juniper forests of northern Baluchistan have been heavily harvested for timber and fuel wood. Ecological changes in the Indus River riparian zone have drastically affected the riverine forests. Large tracts have been cleared for agriculture. The Himalayan temperate forests are also under severe pressure from logging for timber and firewood, and from clearings for agriculture and human settlements. deforestation rate in Pakistan is increasing 0.2 to 0.5 percent annually Conservation Main article : Protected areas of Pakistan The protected areas serve the purpose of conserving the forests and wildlife of Pakistan. National Conservation Strategy of 1993 was a major landmark of start of conservation of natural resources and wildlife in Pakistan. Resource - managed man - made forests like Changa Manga, Kamalia plantation and Chichawatni plantation have also been planted to serve purpose and conserve forests. Through conservation, a large region of Thal desert has been afforested. Natural protected forests Birir Valley Coniferous Forest in Chitral District ( also called ' Deodar Chilghoza Oak Forest ' ) Jhangar Scrub Forest in Chakwal District Sulaiman Coniferous Forest in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa ( also called ' Sulaiman Chilgoza Pine Forest ' ) Ziarat Juniper Forest in Ziarat District Artificial resource managed forests Changa Manga Forest in Lahore District Chichawatni Plantation in Sahiwal District Khipro Reserve Forest in Sanghar District Organizations Research institutions See also : List of forestry universities and colleges § Pakistan Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, DIR Agricultural Research Institute, Quetta Punjab Forest School ( profile ), Bahawalpur Pakistan Forest Institute ( profile ), Peshawar The university of agriculture, Peshawar ( http://www.aup.edu.pk/ Sindh Agriculture University, Hyderabad University of Agriculture ( profile ), Faisalabad University of Haripur, Haripur Hazara ( khyber pakhtunkhwa ) ( Pakistan ) Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agricultural University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi ( pakistan ) Institute of Agriculture sciences and Forestry university of Swat Botanical gardens Main article : List of botanical gardens in Pakistan Companies Main article : South Punjab Forest Company See also Agriculture in Pakistan Ecoregions of Pakistan Environmental issues in Pakistan Ministry of Environment Protected areas of Pakistan Tourism in Pakistan Wildlife of Pakistan References Jump up ^ `` Introduction to landscapes of Pakistan ''. rrcap.unep.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Federal Bureau of Statistics, National Accounts '' ( PDF ). statpak.gov.pk. Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Birir Valley Coniferous Forests ''. wwfpak.org. WWF Pakistan. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Remains of Jhangar scrub forest ''. wildlifeofpakistan.com. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Jhangar Scrub Forest ''. wwfpak.org. WWF Pakistan. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Sulaiman Chilgoza Pine Forest ''. wwfpak.org. WWF Pakistan. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Zarghoon Juniper Forest ''. wwfpak.org. WWF Pakistan. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ `` Khipro Reserve Forest ''. pakistani.tumblr.com. Mahadev Dheerani. Retrieved 14 August 2010. Jump up ^ http://www.uoh.edu.pk/ Further reading Jhangar, remains of the forest at wildlifeofpakistan.com Forestry in Pakistan at pakistanpaedia.com External links Environment Protection Agency, Pakistan Earth Trends - Forests of Pakistan Forestry in Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor ( Timor - Leste ) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands Hong Kong Macau Forestry by country Forest areas deforestation Ministries Research institutes Universities and colleges Technical schools Africa Angola Central African Republic Chad Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Uganda Americas Argentina Chile Asia Bangladesh Bhutan India Japan Pakistan Syria Europe Estonia Finland Russia United Kingdom Oceania Australia ( Tasmania ) New Zealand Central agencies Canada Chile Denmark Kenya Mexico Papua New Guinea Romania South Korea Sri Lanka United States Forestry portal Category by continent agencies Commons WikiProject Forestry Outline Index Forest areas Ministries Research institutes Colleges Journals Arbor Day Types Agroforestry dehesa Analog forestry Bamboo forestry Close to nature forestry Community forestry Ecoforestry Energy forestry Mycoforestry Permaforestry Plantation forestry Social forestry Sustainable forestry Urban forestry Ecology and management Arboriculture Controlled burn Dendrology Ecological thinning Even - aged management Fire ecology Forest informatics IPM inventory governance law old - growth pathology protection restoration secondary transition Forest certification ATFS CFS FSC PEFC SFI SmartWood Woodland Carbon Code Forestation afforestation reforestation Growth and yield modelling Horticulture GM trees i - Tree urban Silviculture Sustainable management Tree allometry breeding Tree measurement crown girth height volume Environmental topics Acid rain Carbon sequestration Clearcutting Deforestation Ecological services Forest dieback Forest fragmentation High grading Illegal logging Invasive species REDD Shifting cultivation chitemene slash - and - burn slash - and - char svedjebruk Timber recycling Wildfire Wilding Industries Coppicing Forest farming Forest gardening Logging Manufacturing lumber plywood pulp and paper sawmilling Products biochar biomass charcoal non-timber palm oil rayon rubber tanbark Rail transport Tree farm Christmas trees Wood engineered fuel mahogany teak Woodworking Occupations Forester Arborist Bucker Choker setter Ecologist Feller Firefighter handcrew hotshot lookout smokejumper River driver Truck driver Log scaler Lumberjack Ranger Resin tapper Rubber tapper Shingle weaver Timber cruiser Tree planter Wood process engineer Portal Category Protected areas of Pakistan National parks Ayub Ayubia Broghil Valley Central Karakoram Chinji Chitral Gol Deosai Fairy Meadows Hazarganji - Chiltan Hingol Khunjerab Kirthar Lal Suhanra Lulusar - Dodipat Machiara Margalla Hills Panjal Mastan Saiful Malook Shiekh Buddin Toli Pir Manglot Wildlife Park Wildlife sanctuaries Astore Bajwat Baltistan Chashma Lake Cholistan Chumbi Surla Hab Dam Lehri Nature Park Naltar Nara Desert Runn of Kutch Game reserves Head Qadirabad Machiara Protected wetlands Astola Island Chashma Barrage Drigh Lake Great Rann of Kutch Haleji Lake Hawke 's Bay Beach Hingol River Hub Dam Indus River Delta Jiwani Coastal Wetland Jubho Lagoon Keti Bandar Khanpur Dam Kinjhar Lake Miani Hor Lagoon Ormara Turtle Beaches Rasul Barrage Rawal Lake Sandspit Beach Tanda Dam Taunsa Barrage Thanedar Wala Uchhali Complex Natural monuments Bazar Caves Chandragup Chitarwata Formation Hingol Mud Volcano Kashmir Smast Paradise Point Protected forests Ziarat Juniper Forest Changa Manga Forest Chichawatni Plantation Biosphere reserves Lal Suhanra Ziarat Juniper Forest Pakistan topics Basic topics Alphabetical index of topics History Ancient Stone age Soanian Mehrgarh Indus Valley Indo - Iranics Indo - Aryan Achaemenid Greco - Bactrian Maurya Gandhara Indo - Greek Indo - Scythians Indo - Parthian Kushan Indo - Sassanid Medieval Indo - Hephthalite Kamboja Rai Dynasty Shahi Pala Solanki Muhammad bin Qasim Ghaznavid Ghurid Mamluk Khalji Tughlaq Sayyid Lodi Timurid Modern Pre-colonial Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo - Afghan War First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British Raj Second Anglo - Afghan War Durand Line Third Anglo - Afghan War Aligarh Movement Hindi -- Urdu controversy Pakistan Movement Muslim League Two nation theory Jinnah 's 14 Points Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Partition Independence Dominion Dominion of Pakistan Princely states 1947 War Liaquat -- Nehru Pact Baghdad Pact Republic Indus Treaty 1965 War 1971 War Project - 706 Islamisation Baloch insurgency Kargil War Liberalization War in North - West Pakistan Geography Features Beaches Deserts Glaciers Islands Lakes Mountains Passes Rivers Valleys Waterfalls Wetlands Areas Arabian Sea Gwadar Bay Indus Plain Pothohar Plateau Salt Range Sistan Basin Geology Coal fields Gas fields Minerals Oil fields Tectonics Volcanoes Floods Environment Botanical gardens Ecoregions Environmental issues Forests Protected areas national parks game reserves sanctuaries Wildlife flora fauna Zoos Other topics Archaeological sites Climate weather records Borders Natural disasters earthquakes floods Subdivisions provinces districts cities World Heritage Sites Governance State President National Security Council ( C NS ECC AEDB NCA ) Government National government Cabinet Ministries Prime Minister Provincial governments Governors Chief Ministers Local government Union councils Legislative Parliament ( Majlis - 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Question: total area of land under forest in pakistan
Answer: Less than 4%