Religion in the United States - Wikipedia Religion in the United States This article is part of a series on the Culture of the United States of America Society History Language People Race and ethnicity Religion Arts and literature Architecture Art Dance Fashion Literature Comics Poetry Music Sculpture Theater Other Cuisine Festivals Folklore Media Newspapers Radio Cinema TV Internet Pornography Mythology Sport Symbols Flag Great Seal Monuments Motto Anthem Bird World Heritage Sites United States portal Religion in the United States ( 2016 ) Christianity ( 73.7 % ) Judaism ( 2.1 % ) Islam ( 0.8 % ) Other non-Christian religion ( 2.5 % ) Unaffiliated ( 18.2 % ) Unanswered ( 2.7 % ) Religion in the United States is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Various religious faiths have flourished within the United States. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a very important role in their lives, a proportion unique among developed countries. Historically, the United States has always been marked by religious pluralism and diversity, beginning with various native beliefs of the pre-colonial time. In colonial times, Anglicans, Catholics and mainline Protestants, as well as Jews, arrived from Europe. Eastern Orthodoxy has been present since the Russian colonization of Alaska. Various dissenting Protestants, who left the Church of England, greatly diversified the religious landscape. The Great Awakenings gave birth to multiple evangelical Protestant denominations ; membership in Methodist and Baptist churches increased drastically in the Second Great Awakening. In the 18th century, deism found support among American upper classes and thinkers. The Episcopal Church, splitting from the Church of England, came into being in the American Revolution. New Protestant branches like Adventism emerged ; Restorationists and other Christians like the Jehovah 's Witnesses, the Latter Day Saint movement, Churches of Christ and Church of Christ, Scientist, as well as Unitarian and Universalist communities all spread in the 19th century. Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century as a result of the Azusa Street Revival. Scientology emerged in the 1950s. Unitarian Universalism resulted from the merge of Unitarian and Universalist churches in the 20th century. Since the 1990s, the religious share of Christians has decreased due to secularization, while Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and other religions have spread. Protestantism, historically dominant, ceased to be the religious category of the majority in the early 2010s. Christianity is the largest religion in the United States with the various Protestant Churches having the most adherents. In 2016, Christians represent 73.7 % of the total population, 48.9 % identifying as Protestants, 23.0 % as Catholics, and 1.8 % as Mormons, and are followed by people having no religion with 18.2 % of the total population. Judaism is the second - largest religion in the U.S., practised by 2.1 % of the population, followed by Islam with 0.8 %. Mississippi is the most religious state in the country, with 63 % of its adult population described as very religious, saying that religion is important to them and attending religious services almost every week, while New Hampshire, with only 20 % of its adult population described as very religious, is the least religious state. The most religious region of the United States is American Samoa ( 99.3 % religious ). Contents 1 History 2 Freedom of religion 3 Abrahamic religions 3.1 Christianity 3.1. 1 Mainline Protestant denominations 3.1. 2 Christian settlers 3.2 Judaism 3.3 Islam 3.4 Bahá'í Faith 3.5 Rastafarianism 4 Dharmic religions 4.1 Buddhism 4.2 Hinduism 4.3 Jainism 4.4 Sikhism 5 East Asian religions 5.1 Taoism 6 No religion 6.1 Agnosticism, atheism, and humanism 6.1. 1 Deism 6.1. 2 Belief in the existence of a god 6.2 Spiritual but not religious 7 Others 7.1 Native American religions 7.2 Neopaganism 7.2. 1 Druidry 7.2. 2 Wicca 7.3 New Thought Movement 7.4 Unitarian Universalism 8 Major religious movements founded in the United States 8.1 Christian 8.2 Other 9 Government positions 10 Statistics 10.1 2016 Gallup, Inc. data 10.2 2016 Public Religion Research Institute data 10.3 2014 Pew Research Center data 10.4 Attendance 10.5 Territories 11 Religion and politics 12 2010 ARDA data 13 ARIS findings regarding self - identification 14 Ethnicity 15 See also 16 References 16.1 Bibliography 16.2 Historiography 17 External links History Pilgrims Going to Church by George Henry Boughton ( 1867 ) Main article : History of religion in the United States From early colonial days, when some English and German settlers moved in search of religious freedom, America has been profoundly influenced by religion. That influence continues in American culture, social life, and politics. Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their own religion within a community of like - minded people : the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans ( Congregationalists ), Pennsylvania by British Quakers, Maryland by English Catholics, and Virginia by English Anglicans. Despite these, and as a result of intervening religious strife and preference in England the Plantation Act 1740 would set official policy for new immigrants coming to British America until the American Revolution. The text of the First Amendment to the country 's Constitution states that `` Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. '' It guarantees the free exercise of religion while also preventing the government from establishing a state religion. However, the states were not bound by the provision and as late as the 1830s Massachusetts provided tax money to local Congregational churches. The Supreme Court since the 1940s has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the First Amendment to the state and local governments. President John Adams and a unanimous Senate endorsed the Treaty of Tripoli in 1797 that stated : `` the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion. '' Expert researchers and authors have referred to the United States as a `` Protestant nation '' or `` founded on Protestant principles, '' specifically emphasizing its Calvinist heritage. The modern official motto of the United States of America, as established in a 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is `` In God We Trust ''. The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. According to a 2002 survey by the Pew Research Center, nearly 6 in 10 Americans said that religion plays an important role in their lives, compared to 33 % in Great Britain, 27 % in Italy, 21 % in Germany, 12 % in Japan, and 11 % in France. The survey report stated that the results showed America having a greater similarity to developing nations ( where higher percentages say that religion plays an important role ) than to other wealthy nations, where religion plays a minor role. In 1963, 90 % of U.S. adults claimed to be Christians while only 2 % professed no religious identity. In 2016, 73.7 % identified as Christians while 18.2 % claimed no religious affiliation. Freedom of religion The Maryland Toleration Act secured religious liberty in the English colony of Maryland. Similar laws were passed in the Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. These laws stood in direct contrast with the Puritan theocratic rule in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies. The United States federal government was the first national government to have no official state - endorsed religion. However, some states had established religions in some form until the 1830s. Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. The decision was mainly influenced by European Rationalist and Protestant ideals, but was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them. Abrahamic religions Christianity Main articles : Christianity in the United States, Protestantism in the United States, and Roman Catholicism in the United States The most popular religion in the U.S. is Christianity, comprising the majority of the population ( 73.7 % of adults in 2016 ). According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March 2017, based on data from 2010, Christians were the largest religious population in all 3,143 counties in the country. Roughly 48.9 % of Americans are Protestants, 23.0 % are Catholics, 1.8 % are Mormons ( the name commonly used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ). Christianity was introduced during the period of European colonization. Washington National Cathedral, the Episcopal cathedral in Washington, D.C. According to a 2012 review by the National Council of Churches, the five largest denominations are : The Catholic Church, 68,202,492 members The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,136,044 members The United Methodist Church, 7,679,850 members The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints, 6,157,238 members The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members The Southern Baptist Convention, with over 16 million adherents, is the largest of more than 200 distinctly named Protestant denominations. In 2007, members of evangelical churches comprised 26 % of the American population, while another 18 % belonged to mainline Protestant churches, and 7 % belonged to historically black churches. A 2015 study estimates some 450,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism. In 2010 there were approximately 180,000 Arab Americans and about 130,000 Iranian Americans who converted from Islam to Christianity. Dudley Woodbury, a Fulbright scholar of Islam, estimates that 20,000 Muslims convert to Christianity annually in the United States. Mainline Protestant denominations A Congregational church in Cheshire, Connecticut Historians agree that members of mainline Protestant denominations have played leadership roles in many aspects of American life, including politics, business, science, the arts, and education. They founded most of the country 's leading institutes of higher education. According to Harriet Zuckerman, 72 % of American Nobel Prize Laureates between 1901 and 1972, have identified from Protestant background. Episcopalians and Presbyterians tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated than most other religious groups, and numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families, though those affiliated with Judaism are the wealthiest religious group in the United States and those affiliated with Catholicism, owing to sheer size, have the largest number of adherents of all groups in the top income bracket. Some of the first colleges and universities in America, including Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Dartmouth, Williams, Bowdoin, Middlebury, and Amherst, all were founded by mainline Protestant denominations. By the 1920s most had weakened or dropped their formal connection with a denomination. James Hunter argues that : The private schools and colleges established by the mainline Protestant denominations, as a rule, still want to be known as places that foster values, but few will go so far as to identify those values as Christian... Overall, the distinctiveness of mainline Protestant identity has largely dissolved since the 1960s. Christian settlers Beginning around 1600 European settlers introduced Anglican and Puritans religion, as well as Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Quaker, and Moravian denominations. The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah Beginning in the 16th century, the Spanish ( and later the French and English ) introduced Catholicism. From the 19th century to the present, Catholics moved to the US in large numbers due to immigration of Italians, Hispanics, Portuguese, French, Polish, Irish, Highland Scots, Dutch, Flemish, Hungarians, Germans, Lebanese ( Maronite ), and other ethnic groups. During the 19th century, two main branches of Eastern Christianity also arrived to America. Eastern Orthodoxy was brought to America by Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, and other immigrant groups, mainly from Eastern Europe. In the same time, several immigrant groups from the Middle East, mainly Armenians, Copts and Syriacs, brought Oriental Orthodoxy to America. The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C., is the largest Catholic church in the US. Several Christian groups were founded in America during the Great Awakenings. Interdenominational evangelicalism and Pentecostalism emerged ; new Protestant denominations such as Adventism ; non-denominational movements such as the Restoration Movement ( which over time separated into the Churches of Christ, the Christian churches and churches of Christ, and the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) ) ; Jehovah 's Witnesses ( called `` Bible Students '' in the latter part of the 19th century ) ; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ( Mormonism ). The strength of various sects varies greatly in different regions of the country, with rural parts of the South having many evangelicals but very few Catholics ( except Louisiana and the Gulf Coast, and from among the Hispanic community, both of which consist mainly of Catholics ), while urbanized areas of the north Atlantic states and Great Lakes, as well as many industrial and mining towns, are heavily Catholic, though still quite mixed, especially due to the heavily Protestant African - American communities. In 1990, nearly 72 % of the population of Utah was Mormon, as well as 26 % of neighboring Idaho. Lutheranism is most prominent in the Upper Midwest, with North Dakota having the highest percentage of Lutherans ( 35 % according to a 2001 survey ). The largest religion, Christianity, has proportionately diminished since 1990. While the absolute number of Christians rose from 1990 to 2008, the percentage of Christians dropped from 86 % to 76 %. A nationwide telephone interview of 1,002 adults conducted by The Barna Group found that 70 % of American adults believe that God is `` the all - powerful, all - knowing creator of the universe who still rules it today '', and that 9 % of all American adults and 0.5 % young adults hold to what the survey defined as a `` biblical worldview ''. Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Eastern Orthodox and United Church of Christ members have the highest number of graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita of all Christian denominations in the United States, as well as the most high - income earners. However, owing to the sheer size or demographic head count of Catholics, more individual Catholics have graduate degrees and are in the highest income brackets than have or are individuals of any other religious community. Judaism Main articles : American Jews and History of the Jews in the United States After Christianity, Judaism is the next largest religious affiliation in the US, though this identification is not necessarily indicative of religious beliefs or practices. There are between 5.3 and 6.6 million Jews. A significant number of people identify themselves as American Jews on ethnic and cultural grounds, rather than religious ones. For example, 19 % of self - identified American Jews do not believe God exists. The 2001 ARIS study projected from its sample that there are about 5.3 million adults in the American Jewish population : 2.83 million adults ( 1.4 % of the U.S. adult population ) are estimated to be adherents of Judaism ; 1.08 million are estimated to be adherents of no religion ; and 1.36 million are estimated to be adherents of a religion other than Judaism. ARIS 2008 estimated about 2.68 million adults ( 1.2 % ) in the country identify Judaism as their faith. According to a 2017 study, Judaism is the religion of approximately 2 % of the American population. Touro Synagogue, ( built 1759 ) in Newport, Rhode Island has the oldest still existing synagogue building in the United States. Jews have been present in what is now the US since the 17th century, and specifically allowed since the British colonial Plantation Act 1740. Although small Western European communities initially developed and grew, large - scale immigration did not take place until the late 19th century, largely as a result of persecutions in parts of Eastern Europe. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews whose ancestors emigrated from Central and Eastern Europe. There are, however, small numbers of older ( and some recently arrived ) communities of Sephardi Jews with roots tracing back to 15th century Iberia ( Spain, Portugal, and North Africa ). There are also Mizrahi Jews ( from the Middle East, Caucasia and Central Asia ), as well as much smaller numbers of Ethiopian Jews, Indian Jews, Kaifeng Jews and others from various smaller Jewish ethnic divisions. Approximately 25 % of the Jewish American population lives in New York City. According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March, 2017, based on data from 2010, Jews were the largest minority religion in 231 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country. According to a 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public life, 1.7 % of adults in the U.S. identify Judaism as their religion. Among those surveyed, 44 % said they were Reform Jews, 22 % said they were Conservative Jews, and 14 % said they were Orthodox Jews. According to the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, 38 % of Jews were affiliated with the Reform tradition, 35 % were Conservative, 6 % were Orthodox, 1 % were Reconstructionists, 10 % linked themselves to some other tradition, and 10 % said they are `` just Jewish ''. Congregation Shearith Israel ( founded 1655 ) in New York is the oldest Jewish congregation in the United States. The Pew Research Center report on American Judaism released in October 2013 revealed that 22 % of Jewish Americans say they have `` no religion '' and the majority of respondents do not see religion as the primary constituent of Jewish identity. 62 % believe Jewish identity is based primarily in ancestry and culture, only 15 % in religion. Among Jews who gave Judaism as their religion, 55 % based Jewish identity on ancestry and culture, and 66 % did not view belief in God as essential to Judaism. A 2009 study estimated the Jewish population ( including both those who define themselves as Jewish by religion and those who define themselves as Jewish in cultural or ethnic terms ) to be between 6.0 and 6.4 million. According to a study done in 2000 there were an estimated 6.14 million Jewish people in the country, about 2 % of the population. According to the 2001 National Jewish Population Survey, 4.3 million American Jewish adults have some sort of strong connection to the Jewish community, whether religious or cultural. Jewishness is generally considered an ethnic identity as well as a religious one. Among the 4.3 million American Jews described as `` strongly connected '' to Judaism, over 80 % have some sort of active engagement with Judaism, ranging from attendance at daily prayer services on one end of the spectrum to attending Passover Seders or lighting Hanukkah candles on the other. The survey also discovered that Jews in the Northeast and Midwest are generally more observant than Jews in the South or West. Reflecting a trend also observed among other religious groups, Jews in the Northwestern United States are typically the least observant of tradition. The Jewish American community has higher household incomes than average, and is one of the best educated religious communities in the United States. Islam Main article : Islam in the United States The Islamic Center of Washington in the nation 's capital is a leading American Islamic Center. Islam is the third largest religion in number in the United States, after Christianity and Judaism, representing the 0.8 % of the population in 2016. According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Muslims were the largest minority religion in 392 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country. Islam in America effectively began with the arrival of African slaves. It is estimated that about 10 % of African slaves transported to the United States were Muslim. Most, however, became Christians, and the United States did not have a significant Muslim population until the arrival of immigrants from Arab and East Asian Muslim areas. According to some experts, Islam later gained a higher profile through the Nation of Islam, a religious group that appealed to black Americans after the 1940s ; its prominent converts included Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali. The first Muslim elected in Congress was Keith Ellison in 2006, followed by André Carson in 2008. The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan, is the largest mosque in the United States. Research indicates that Muslims in the United States are generally more assimilated and prosperous than their counterparts in Europe. Like other subcultural and religious communities, the Islamic community has generated its own political organizations and charity organizations. Bahá'í faith Main article : Bahá'í Faith in North America Bahá'í House of Worship ( built 1953 ) in Wilmette, Illinois, is the oldest still existing Bahá'í house of worship in the world and the only one in the United States. The United States has perhaps the second largest Bahá'í community in the world. First mention of the faith in the U.S. was at the inaugural Parliament of World Religions, which was held at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. In 1894, Ibrahim George Kheiralla, a Syrian Bahá'í immigrant, established a community in the U.S. He later left the main group and founded a rival movement. According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March, 2017, based on data from 2010, Bahá'ís were the largest minority religion in 80 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country. Rastafarianism Main article : Rastafari movement in the United States Rastafarians began migrating to the United States in the 1950s, ' 60s and ' 70s from the religion 's 1930s birthplace, Jamaica. Marcus Garvey, who is considered a prophet by many Rastafarians, rose to prominence and cultivated many of his ideas in the United States. Dharmic religions Buddhism Main article : Buddhism in the United States Hsi Lai Temple ( `` Coming West Temple '' ), a Buddhist monastery in Hacienda Heights, California, near Los Angeles Buddhism entered the US during the 19th century with the arrival of the first immigrants from East Asia. The first Buddhist temple was established in San Francisco in 1853 by Chinese Americans. During the late 19th century Buddhist missionaries from Japan travelled to the US. During the same time period, US intellectuals started to take interest in Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhist temple in Seattle, Washington The first prominent US citizen to publicly convert to Buddhism was Henry Steel Olcott in 1880 who is still honored in Sri Lanka for these efforts. An event that contributed to the strengthening of Buddhism in the US was the Parliament of the World 's Religions in 1893, which was attended by many Buddhist delegates sent from India, China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand and Sri Lanka. The early 20th century was characterized by a continuation of tendencies that had their roots in the 19th century. The second half, by contrast, saw the emergence of new approaches, and the move of Buddhism into the mainstream and making itself a mass and social religious phenomenon. According to a 2016 study, Buddhists are approximately 1 % of the American population. According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March, 2017, based on data from 2010, Buddhists were the largest minority religion in 186 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country. Hinduism Main article : Hinduism in the United States Swaminarayanan Akshardham Temple Complex in New Jersey, USA Hinduism is the fourth largest faith in the United States, representing approximately 1 % of the population in 2016. The first time Hinduism entered the U.S. is not clearly identifiable. However, large groups of Hindus have immigrated from India and other Asian countries since the enactment of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. During the 1960s and 1970s Hinduism exercised fascination contributing to the development of New Age thought. During the same decades the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( a Vaishnavite Hindu reform organization ) was founded in the US. In 2001, there were an estimated 766,000 Hindus in the US, about 0.2 % of the total population. According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March, 2017, based on data from 2010, Hindus were the largest minority religion in 92 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country. In 2004 the Hindu American Foundation -- a national institution protecting rights of the Hindu community of U.S. -- was founded. American Hindus have one of the highest rates of educational attainment and household income among all religious communities, and tend to have lower divorce rates. Jainism Main article : Jainism in the United States Jain Center of Greater Phoenix ( JCGP ) Adherents of Jainism first arrived in the United States in the 20th century. The most significant time of Jain immigration was in the early 1970s. The United States has since become a center of the Jain Diaspora. The Federation of Jain Associations in North America is an umbrella organization of local American and Canadian Jain congregations to preserve, practice, and promote Jainism and the Jain way of life. Sikhism Main article : Sikhism in the United States Sikh Center of San Francisco Bay Area, a Sikh Gurdwara in El Sobrante, California. Sikhism is a religion originating from the Indian subcontinent which was introduced into the United States when, around the turn of the 20th century, Sikhs started emigrating to the United States in significant numbers to work on farms in California. They were the first community to come from India to the US in large numbers. The first Sikh Gurdwara in America was built in Stockton, California, in 1912. In 2007, there were estimated to be between 250,000 and 500,000 Sikhs living in the United States, with the largest populations living on the East and West Coasts, with additional populations in Detroit, Chicago, and Austin. The United States also has a number of non-Punjabi converts to Sikhism. East Asian religions Taoism In 2004 there were an estimated 56,000 Taoists in the US. Taoism was popularized throughout the world through the writings and teachings of Lao Tzu and other Taoists as well as the practice of Qigong, Tai Chi Chuan and other Chinese martial arts. No religion Main article : Irreligion in the United States In 2016, approximately 18.2 % of the Americans declared to be not religiously affiliated. Agnosticism, atheism, and humanism Atheism promoted on an electronic billboard in Times Square. See also : Discrimination against atheists in the United States and Anti-atheist sentiment in the United States A 2001 survey directed by Dr. Ariela Keysar for the City University of New York indicated that, amongst the more than 100 categories of response, `` no religious identification '' had the greatest increase in population in both absolute and percentage terms. This category included atheists, agnostics, humanists, and others with no stated religious preferences. Figures are up from 14.3 million in 1990 to 34.2 million in 2008, representing an increase from 8 % of the total population in 1990 to 15 % in 2008. A nationwide Pew Research study published in 2008 put the figure of unaffiliated persons at 16.1 %, while another Pew study published in 2012 was described as placing the proportion at about 20 % overall and roughly 33 % for the 18 -- 29 - year - old demographic. In a 2006 nationwide poll, University of Minnesota researchers found that despite an increasing acceptance of religious diversity, atheists were generally distrusted by other Americans, who trusted them less than Muslims, recent immigrants and other minority groups in `` sharing their vision of American society ''. They also associated atheists with undesirable attributes such as amorality, criminal behavior, rampant materialism and cultural elitism. However, the same study also reported that `` The researchers also found acceptance or rejection of atheists is related not only to personal religiosity, but also to one 's exposure to diversity, education and political orientation -- with more educated, East and West Coast Americans more accepting of atheists than their Midwestern counterparts. '' Some surveys have indicated that doubts about the existence of the divine were growing quickly among Americans under 30. On 24 March 2012, American atheists sponsored the Reason Rally in Washington, D.C., followed by the American Atheist Convention in Bethesda, Maryland. Organizers called the estimated crowd of 8,000 -- 10,000 the largest - ever US gathering of atheists in one place. Deism In the United States, Enlightenment philosophy ( which itself was heavily inspired by deist ideals ) played a major role in creating the principle of religious freedom, expressed in Thomas Jefferson 's letters and included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy of deism include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson. Their political speeches show distinct deistic influence. Other notable Founding Fathers may have been more directly deist. These include Thomas Paine, James Madison, possibly Alexander Hamilton, and Ethan Allen. Belief in the existence of a God Various polls have been conducted to determine Americans ' actual beliefs regarding a god : In 2014 the Pew Research Center 's Religious Landscape Study showed 63 % of Americans believed in God and were `` absolutely certain '' in their view, while the figure rose to 89 % including those who were agnostic. A 2012 WIN - Gallup International poll showed that 5 % of Americans considered themselves `` convinced '' atheists, which was a fivefold increase from the last time the survey was taken in 2005, and 5 % said they did not know or else did not respond. A 2012 Pew Research Center survey found that doubts about the existence of a god had grown among younger Americans, with 68 % telling Pew they never doubt God 's existence, a 15 - point drop in five years. In 2007, 83 % of American millennials said they never doubted God 's existence. A 2011 Gallup poll found 92 % of Americans said yes to the basic question `` Do you believe in God ? '', while 7 % said no and 1 % had no opinion. A 2010 Gallup poll found 80 % of Americans believe in a god, 12 % believe in a universal spirit, 6 % do n't believe in either, 1 % chose `` other '', and 1 % had no opinion. 80 % is a decrease from the 1940s, when Gallup first asked this question. A late 2009 online Harris poll of 2,303 U.S. adults ( 18 and older ) found that `` 82 % of adult Americans believe in God '', the same number as in two earlier polls in 2005 and 2007. Another 9 % said they did not believe in God, and 9 % said that they were not sure. It further concluded, `` Large majorities also believe in miracles ( 76 % ), heaven ( 75 % ), that Jesus is God or the Son of God ( 73 % ), in angels ( 72 % ), the survival of the soul after death ( 71 % ), and in the resurrection of Jesus ( 70 % ). Less than half ( 45 % ) of adults believe in Darwin 's theory of evolution but this is more than the 40 % who believe in creationism... Many people consider themselves Christians without necessarily believing in some of the key beliefs of Christianity. However, this is not true of born - again Christians. In addition to their religious beliefs, large minorities of adults, including many Christians, have `` pagan '' or pre-Christian beliefs such as a belief in ghosts, astrology, witches and reincarnation... Because the sample is based on those who agreed to participate in the Harris Interactive panel, no estimates of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. '' A 2008 survey of 1,000 people concluded that, based on their stated beliefs rather than their religious identification, 69.5 % of Americans believe in a personal God, roughly 12.3 % of Americans are atheist or agnostic, and another 12.1 % are deistic ( believing in a higher power / non-personal God, but no personal God ). Mark Chaves, a Duke University professor of sociology, religion and divinity, found that 92 % of Americans believed in God in 2008, but that significantly fewer Americans have great confidence in their religious leaders than a generation ago. According to a 2008 ARIS survey, belief in God varies considerably by region. The lowest rate is in the West with 59 % reporting a belief in God, and the highest rate is in the South at 86 %. Spiritual but not religious Main article : Spiritual but not religious `` Spiritual but not religious '' ( SBNR ) is self - identified stance of spirituality that takes issue with organized religion as the sole or most valuable means of furthering spiritual growth. Spirituality places an emphasis upon the wellbeing of the `` mind - body - spirit, '' so holistic activities such as tai chi, reiki, and yoga are common within the SBNR movement. In contrast to religion, spirituality has often been associated with the interior life of the individual. One fifth of the US public and a third of adults under the age of 30 are reportedly unaffiliated with any religion, however they identify as being spiritual in some way. Of these religiously unaffiliated Americans, 37 % classify themselves as spiritual but not religious. Others Native American religions Bear Butte, in South Dakota, is a sacred site for over 30 Plains tribes. Main article : Native American religion Native American religions historically exhibited much diversity, and are often characterized by animism or panentheism. The membership of Native American religions in the 21st century comprises about 9,000 people. Neopaganism Main article : Contemporary Paganism Neopaganism in the United States is represented by widely different movements and organizations. The largest Neopagan religion is Wicca, followed by Neo-Druidism. Other neopagan movements include Germanic Neopaganism, Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism, Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism, and Semitic neopaganism. Druidry According to the American Religious Identification Survey ( ARIS ), there are approximately 30,000 druids in the United States. Modern Druidism arrived in North America first in the form of fraternal Druidic organizations in the nineteenth century, and orders such as the Ancient Order of Druids in America were founded as distinct American groups as early as 1912. In 1963, the Reformed Druids of North America ( RDNA ) was founded by students at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. They adopted elements of Neopaganism into their practices, for instance celebrating the festivals of the Wheel of the Year. Wicca Wicca advanced in North America in the 1960s by Raymond Buckland, an expatriate Briton who visited Gardner 's Isle of Man coven to gain initiation. Universal Eclectic Wicca was popularized in 1969 for a diverse membership drawing from both Dianic and British Traditional Wiccan backgrounds. Nordic Paganism Nordic Paganism is the umbrella term for polytheistic followers of the Proto - Norse period religions involving the Nordic pantheon of gods. This pantheon includes : the Æsir ; Odin, Thor, Loki, Sif, Heimdallr, Baldr, and Týr to name a few, and the Vanir ; Freyja, Freyr, Njörðr, Nerthus, and others. The followers of Nordic Paganism include Odinists, Tyrists, Lokians, Asatru, and practitioners of Seiðr, among other varying followers. Nordic Pagans follow the teachings of the Hávamál. This old text, along with the Prose Edda and Poetic Edda, gives the basis for Norse mythology, stories, legends, and beliefs. In popular culture, Norse mythology is well known. Fairy tale creatures, such as Elves, Dwarves, Giants, and Trolls all come from Norse mythology. These can be seen in famous works such as J.R.R. Tolkien 's Lord of the Rings. This is one of the earlier works to bring Norse concepts to life. Comic book producer Marvel Comics has taken a different approach, making Thor a modern superhero, and Loki a villain. These comics have spawned several movies and toys. Norse Mythology and the Scandinavian - Germanic lifestyle were looked at more in - depth than ever before with the popular TV series Vikings. Though not perfect on accuracy, it is very close to how these people would have lived and worshiped in the 1st and 2nd centuries. There is also a more negative light to Nordic Paganism 's popularity. Many white supremacy groups, including the Aryan Brotherhood, Sons of Odin, and the Nazis all used Nordic symbols and express Norse teachings in a skewed manner to support their beliefs that White Men are the superior race and gender of the world. Nazis famously used the symbol Sowilō, for their SS pins. Their use of symbols such as these were originally tied to Guido von List. The Aryan Brotherhood and Soldiers of Odin use the Hammer of Thor ( Mjölnir ) and the symbol Odal ( rune ), which they use to represent Odin, to mark themselves as part of the gang. This has led to many prisons banning the wearing of Mjölnir by inmates due to their gang affiliation. New Thought movement Church of the Holy City in Washington, D.C. is tied to the New Church. Main article : New Thought A group of churches which started in the 1830s in the United States is known under the banner of `` New Thought ''. These churches share a spiritual, metaphysical and mystical predisposition and understanding of the Bible and were strongly influenced by the Transcendentalist movement, particularly the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Another antecedent of this movement was Swedenborgianism, founded on the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg in 1787. The New Thought concept was named by Emma Curtis Hopkins ( `` teacher of teachers '' ) after Hopkins broke off from Mary Baker Eddy 's Church of Christ, Scientist. The movement had been previously known as the Mental Sciences or the Christian Sciences. The three major branches are Religious Science, Unity Church and Divine Science. Unitarian Universalism Sign on a UU church in Rochester, Minnesota. The denomination stems from the original Congregationalism of the Pilgrim Fathers. Main article : Unitarian Universalism Unitarian Universalists ( UU 's ) are among the most liberal of all religious denominations in America. The shared creed includes beliefs in inherent dignity, a common search for truth, respect for beliefs of others, compassion, and social action. They are unified by their shared search for spiritual growth and by the understanding that an individual 's theology is a result of that search and not obedience to an authoritarian requirement. UU 's have historical ties to anti-war, civil rights, and LGBT rights movements, as well as providing inclusive church services for the broad spectrum of liberal Christians, liberal Jews, secular humanists, LGBT, Jewish - Christian parents and partners, Earth - centered / Wicca, and Buddhist meditation adherents. Major religious movements founded in the United States This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2018 ) See also : List of religious movements that began in the United States Christian Former New York City headquarters of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society run by Jehovah 's Witnesses The First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts Pentecostalism -- movement which emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit, finds its historic roots in the Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles from 1904 to 1906, sparked by Charles Parham. It is estimated to have over 279 million followers worldwide, many in Africa and South America. Adventism -- began as an inter-denominational movement. Its most vocal leader was William Miller, who in the 1830s in New York became convinced of an imminent Second Coming of Jesus. The most prominent modern group to emerge from this is the Seventh - day Adventists. The Latter Day Saint movement founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith in upstate New York -- a product of the Christian revivalist movement of the Second Great Awakening and based in Christian primitivism. Multiple Latter Day Saint denominations can be found throughout the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ( LDS Church ), the largest denomination, is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and it has members in many countries. The Community of Christ, the second - largest denomination, is headquartered in Independence, Missouri. Worldwide they claim about 15 million members. Jehovah 's Witnesses -- originated with the religious movement known as Bible Students, which was founded in Pennsylvania in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell. In their early years, the Bible Students were loosely connected with Adventism, and the Jehovah 's Witnesses still share some similarities with it. They claim about 7.69 million active members worldwide. Christian Science -- founded by Mary Baker Eddy in the late 19th century. The church claims some 400,000 members worldwide. Churches of Christ / Disciples of Christ -- a restoration movement with no governing body. The Restoration Movement solidified as a historical phenomenon in 1832 when restorationists from two major movements championed by Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell merged. It has an estimated 3 million followers worldwide. Metropolitan Community Church -- founded by Troy Perry in Los Angeles, 1968. Unitarianism Developed out of the Congregational Churches. In 1825 the American Unitarian Association was formed in Boston, MA. Universalist Church of America 's first regional conference was founded in 1793. Other Church of Scientology building in Los Angeles, California New Thought Movement -- two of the early proponents of New Thought beliefs during the mid to late 19th century were Phineas Parkhurst Quimby and the Mother of New Thought, Emma Curtis Hopkins. The three major branches are Religious Science, Unity Church and Divine Science. Scientology -- founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1954. Numbers estimated from a few tens of thousands to 15 million ( latter is the religion 's estimation in 2004 ). Reconstructionist Judaism -- founded by Mordecai Kaplan and started in the 1920s. Native American Church -- founded by Quanah Parker beginning in the 1890s and incorporating in 1918. An estimated 250,000 followers. Nation of Islam -- a sect of Islam, created and followed predominantly by African - Americans. Church of Satan -- founded in San Francisco in 1966 by Anton LaVey. Eckankar -- founded in Las Vegas in 1965 by Paul Twitchell. Self - Realization Fellowship - founded in Los Angeles by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1920. Unitarian Universalist Association in 1961 from the consolidation of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America. Historically Christian denominations, the UUA is no longer Christian and is the largest Unitarian Universalist denomination in the world. Government positions The First Amendment guarantees both the free practice of religion and the non-establishment of religion by the federal government ( later court decisions have extended that prohibition to the states ). The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance was modified in 1954 to add the phrase `` under God '', in order to distinguish itself from the state atheism espoused by the Soviet Union. Various American presidents have often stated the importance of religion. On February 20, 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower stated that `` Recognition of the Supreme Being is the first, the most basic, expression of Americanism. '' President Gerald Ford agreed with and repeated this statement in 1974. Statistics See also : List of U.S. states and territories by religiosity The U.S. Census does not ask about religion. Various groups have conducted surveys to determine approximate percentages of those affiliated with each religious group. 2016 Gallup, Inc. data Religion in the United States, Gallup, 18 + ( 2016 ) Protestantism ( 48.9 % ) Roman Catholicism ( 23.0 % ) Mormonism ( 1.8 % ) No religion ( 18.2 % ) Judaism ( 2.1 % ) Muslim ( 0.8 % ) Other non-Christian religion ( 2.5 % ) No response given / Unknown ( 2.7 % ) Gallup carries out since 2008 the Gallup Daily tracking survey, an unprecedented survey of 1,000 U.S. adults each day, 350 days per year. It covers political, economic, wellbeing and demographic topics. Data is weighted to match the U.S. population according to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status in order to correct data for unequal selection probability. Religion in the United States according to Gallup, Inc. ( 2016 ) Affiliation % of U.S. population Christian 73.7 73.7 Protestant / Other Christian 48.9 48.9 Catholic 23.0 23 Mormon 1.8 1.8 None / Atheist / Agnostic 18.2 18.2 Non-Christian faiths 5.4 5.4 Jewish 2.1 2.1 Muslim 0.8 0.8 Other non-Christian religion 2.5 2.5 No response given 2.6 2.6 Total 100 100 2016 Public religion Research Institute data In 2016, a poll by the Public Religion Research Institute estimated that 69 % of the Americans are Christians, with 45 % professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 20 % professing Catholic beliefs. The same study says that other non-Christian religions ( including Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam ) collectively make up about 7 % of the population. Religion in the United States ( 2016 ) Protestantism ( 45 % ) Roman Catholicism ( 20 % ) Mormonism ( 2 % ) Orthodox Christianity ( 1 % ) Jehovah 's Witnesses ( 1 % ) No religion ( 24 % ) Judaism ( 2 % ) Islam ( 1 % ) Buddhism ( 1 % ) Hinduism ( 1 % ) Other religion ( 1 % ) No response given / Unknown ( 3 % ) Religion in the United States according to the American Values Atlas published by the Public Religion Research Institute ( 2016 ) Affiliation % of U.S. population Christian 69 69 Protestant 45 45 White Evangelical 17 17 White Mainline Protestant 13 13 Black Protestant 8 8 Hispanic Protestant Other non-white Protestant Catholic 20 20 White Catholic 11 11 Hispanic Catholic 7 7 Other non-white Catholic Mormon Jehovah 's Witness Orthodox Christian Unaffiliated 24 24 Non-Christian 7 7 Jewish Muslim Buddhist Hindu Other non-Christian Do n't know / refused answer Total 100 100 2014 Pew Research Center data Religion in the United States according to the Pew Research Center ( 2014 ) Affiliation % of U.S. population Christian 70.6 70.6 Protestant 46.5 46.5 Evangelical Protestant 25.4 25.4 Mainline Protestant 14.7 14.7 Black church 6.5 6.5 Catholic 20.8 20.8 Mormon 1.6 1.6 Jehovah 's Witnesses 0.8 0.8 Eastern Orthodox 0.5 0.5 Other Christian 0.4 0.4 Unaffiliated 22.8 22.8 Nothing in particular 15.8 15.8 Agnostic 4.0 Atheist 3.1 3.1 Non-Christian 5.9 5.9 Jewish 1.9 1.9 Muslim 0.9 0.9 Buddhist 0.7 0.7 Hindu 0.7 0.7 Other non-Christian 1.8 1.8 Do n't know / refused answer 0.6 0.6 Total 100 100 Attendance Church, synagogue, or mosque attendance by state ( 2014 ) A 2013 survey reported that 31 % of Americans attend religious services at least weekly. It was conducted by the Public Religion Research Institute with a margin of error of 2.5. In 2006, an online Harris Poll ( they stated that the magnitude of errors can not be estimated due to sampling errors, non-response, etc. ; 2,010 U.S. adults were surveyed ) found that 26 % of those surveyed attended religious services `` every week or more often '', 9 % went `` once or twice a month '', 21 % went `` a few times a year '', 3 % went `` once a year '', 22 % went `` less than once a year '', and 18 % never attend religious services. In a 2009 Gallup International survey, 41.6 % of American citizens said that they attended a church, synagogue, or mosque once a week or almost every week. This percentage is higher than other surveyed Western countries. Church attendance varies considerably by state and region. The figures, updated to 2014, ranged from 51 % in Utah to 17 % in Vermont. Weekly church attendance by state Rank State Percent Utah 51 % Mississippi 47 % Alabama 46 % Louisiana 46 % 5 Arkansas 45 % 6 South Carolina 42 % 7 Tennessee 42 % 8 Kentucky 41 % 9 North Carolina 40 % 10 Georgia 39 % 11 Texas 39 % 12 Oklahoma 39 % 13 New Mexico 36 % 14 Nebraska 35 % 15 Indiana 35 % 16 Virginia 35 % 17 Delaware 35 % 18 Missouri 35 % 19 Idaho 34 % 20 West Virginia 34 % 21 Arizona 33 % 22 Kansas 33 % 23 Michigan 32 % 24 Ohio 32 % 25 Illinois 32 % 26 North Dakota 32 % 27 Pennsylvania 32 % 28 Iowa 32 % 29 Florida 32 % 30 Maryland 31 % 31 South Dakota 31 % 32 Minnesota 31 % 33 New Jersey 30 % 34 Wisconsin 29 % 35 Rhode Island 28 % 36 Wyoming 28 % 37 California 28 % 38 New York 27 % 39 Nevada 27 % 40 Montana 27 % 41 Alaska 26 % 42 Connecticut 25 % 43 Colorado 25 % 44 Hawaii 25 % 45 Oregon 24 % 46 Washington 24 % 47 District of Columbia 23 % 48 Massachusetts 22 % 49 Maine 20 % 50 New Hampshire 20 % 51 Vermont 17 % Territories The following is the percentage of Christians and all religions in the U.S. territories as of 2010 : Territory Percent Christian Percent all religions American Samoa 98.3 % 99.3 % Northern Mariana Islands 81.3 % 99 % Guam 94.2 % 98.3 % Puerto Rico 89 % 98.1 % US Virgin Islands 94.8 % 96.3 % Religion and politics Main article : Religion and politics in the United States See also : Religious affiliations of Presidents of the United States and Religious affiliation in the United States Senate The U.S. guarantees freedom of religion, and some churches in the U.S. take strong stances on political subjects. In August 2010, 67 % of Americans said religion was losing influence, compared with 59 % who said this in 2006. Majorities of white evangelical Protestants ( 79 % ), white mainline Protestants ( 67 % ), black Protestants ( 56 % ), Catholics ( 71 % ), and the religiously unaffiliated ( 62 % ) all agreed that religion was losing influence on American life ; 53 % of the total public said this was a bad thing, while just 10 % see it as a good thing. Politicians frequently discuss their religion when campaigning, and fundamentalists and black Protestants are highly politically active. However, to keep their status as tax - exempt organizations they must not officially endorse a candidate. Historically Catholics were heavily Democratic before the 1970s, while mainline Protestants comprised the core of the Republican Party. Those patterns have faded away -- Catholics, for example, now split about 50 -- 50. However, white evangelicals since 1980 have made up a solidly Republican group that favors conservative candidates. Secular voters are increasingly Democratic. Only three presidential candidates for major parties have been Catholics, all for the Democratic party : Alfred E. Smith in presidential election of 1928 was subjected to anti-Catholic rhetoric, which seriously hurt him in the Baptist areas of the South and Lutheran areas of the Midwest, but he did well in the Catholic urban strongholds of the Northeast. John F. Kennedy secured the Democratic presidential nomination in 1960. In the 1960 election, Kennedy faced accusations that as a Catholic president he would do as the Pope would tell him to do, a charge that Kennedy refuted in a famous address to Protestant ministers. John Kerry, a Catholic, won the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004. In the 2004 election religion was hardly an issue, and most Catholics voted for his Protestant opponent George W. Bush. Joe Biden is the first Catholic vice president. Joe Lieberman was the first major presidential candidate that was Jewish, on the Gore -- Lieberman campaign of 2000 ( although John Kerry and Barry Goldwater both had Jewish ancestry, they were practicing Christians ). Bernie Sanders ran against Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary of 2016. He was the first major Jewish candidate to compete in the presidential primary process. However, Sanders noted during the campaign that he does not actively practice any religion. In 2006 Keith Ellison of Minnesota became the first Muslim elected to Congress ; when re-enacting his swearing - in for photos, he used the copy of the Qur'an once owned by Thomas Jefferson. André Carson is the second Muslim to serve in Congress. A Gallup poll released in 2007 indicated that 53 % of Americans would refuse to vote for an atheist as president, up from 48 % in 1987 and 1999. But then the number started to drop again and reached record low 43 % in 2012 and 40 % in 2015. Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential nominee in 2012, is Mormon and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints. He is the former governor of the state of Massachusetts, and his father George Romney was the governor of the state of Michigan. The Romneys were involved in Mormonism in their states and in the state of Utah. On January 3, 2013, Tulsi Gabbard became the first Hindu member of Congress, using a copy of the Bhagavad Gita while swearing - in. 2010 ARDA data The Association of Religion Data Archives ( ARDA ) surveyed congregations for their memberships. Churches were asked for their membership numbers. Adjustments were made for those congregations that did not respond and for religious groups that reported only adult membership. ARDA estimates that most of the churches not responding were black Protestant congregations. Significant difference in results from other databases include the lower representation of adherents of 1 ) all kinds ( 62.7 % ), 2 ) Christians ( 59.9 % ), 3 ) Protestants ( less than 36 % ) ; and the greater number of unaffiliated ( 37.3 % ). Percentage of religion against average, 2001 Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than `` no religion '', 2001 Plurality of religious preference by state, 2001. Data are unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii. < 30 % < 40 % < 50 % > 50 % Catholic Baptist Methodist Lutheran Mormon No religion Religious groups Religious group Number in year % in year Total US pop year 2010 308,745,538 100.0 % Evangelical Protestant 50,013,107 16.2 % Mainline Protestant 22,568,258 7.3 % Black Protestant 4,877,067 1.6 % Protestant total 77,458,432 25.1 % Catholic 58,934,906 19.1 % Orthodox 1,056,535 0.3 % adherents ( unadjusted ) 150,596,792 48.8 % unclaimed 158,148,746 51.2 % other -- including Mormon & Christ Scientist 13,146,919 4.3 % The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ( Mormon, LDS ) 6,144,582 2.0 % other -- excluding Mormon 7,002,337 2.3 % Jewish estimate 6,141,325 2.0 % Buddhist estimate 2,000,000 0.7 % Muslim estimate 2,600,082 0.8 % Hindu estimate 400,000 0.4 % Source : ARDA ARIS findings regarding self - Identification The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey ( ARIS ) of 2008, was a random digit - dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723 ; 2001 sample size was 50,281. Adult respondents were asked the open - ended question, `` What is your religion, if any ? '' Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was `` Protestant '' or `` Christian '' further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions. Religious Self - Identification of the U.S. Adult Population : 1990, 2001, 2008 Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply ; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of `` no religion '' than any other group. Source : ARIS 2008 Group 1990 adults x 1,000 2001 adults x 1,000 2008 adults x 1,000 Numerical Change 1990 -- 2008 as % of 1990 1990 % of adults 2001 % of adults 2008 % of adults change in % of total adults 1990 -- 2008 Adult population, total 175,440 207,983 228,182 30.1 % Adult population, responded 171,409 196,683 216,367 26.2 % 97.7 % 94.6 % 94.8 % − 2.9 % Total Christian 151,225 159,514 173,402 14.7 % 86.2 % 76.7 % 76.0 % − 10.2 % Catholic 46,004 50,873 57,199 24.3 % 26.2 % 24.5 % 25.1 % − 1.2 % non-Catholic Christian 105,221 108,641 116,203 10.4 % 60.0 % 52.2 % 50.9 % − 9.0 % Baptist 33,964 33,820 36,148 6.4 % 19.4 % 16.3 % 15.8 % − 3.5 % Mainline Christian 32,784 35,788 29,375 − 10.4 % 18.7 % 17.2 % 12.9 % − 5.8 % Methodist 14,174 14,039 11,366 − 19.8 % 8.1 % 6.8 % 5.0 % − 3.1 % Lutheran 9,110 9,580 8,674 − 4.8 % 5.2 % 4.6 % 3.8 % − 1.4 % Presbyterian 4,985 5,596 4,723 − 5.3 % 2.8 % 2.7 % 2.1 % − 0.8 % Episcopal / Anglican 3,043 3,451 2,405 − 21.0 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 1.1 % − 0.7 % United Church of Christ 438 1,378 736 68.0 % 0.2 % 0.7 % 0.3 % 0.1 % Christian Generic 25,980 22,546 32,441 24.9 % 14.8 % 10.8 % 14.2 % − 0.6 % Christian Unspecified 8,073 14,190 16,384 102.9 % 4.6 % 6.8 % 7.2 % 2.6 % Non-denominational Christian 194 2,489 8,032 4040.2 % 0.1 % 1.2 % 3.5 % 3.4 % Protestant -- Unspecified 17,214 4,647 5,187 − 69.9 % 9.8 % 2.2 % 2.3 % − 7.5 % Evangelical / Born Again 546 1,088 2,154 294.5 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 0.6 % Pentecostal / Charismatic 5,647 7,831 7,948 40.7 % 3.2 % 3.8 % 3.5 % 0.3 % Pentecostal -- Unspecified 3,116 4,407 5,416 73.8 % 1.8 % 2.1 % 2.4 % 0.6 % Assemblies of God 617 1,105 810 31.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.4 % 0.0 % Church of God 590 943 663 12.4 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.3 % 0.0 % Other Protestant Denominations 4,630 5,949 7,131 54.0 % 2.6 % 2.9 % 3.1 % 0.5 % Churches of Christ 1,769 2,593 1,921 8.6 % 1.0 % 1.2 % 0.8 % − 0.2 % Jehovah 's Witness 1,381 1,331 1,914 38.6 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.8 % 0.1 % Seventh - Day Adventist 668 724 938 40.4 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.0 % Mormon / Latter Day Saints 2,487 2,697 3,158 27.0 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.4 % 0.0 % Total non-Christian religions 5,853 7,740 8,796 50.3 % 3.3 % 3.7 % 3.9 % 0.5 % Jewish 3,137 2,837 2,680 − 14.6 % 1.8 % 1.4 % 1.2 % − 0.6 % Eastern Religions 687 2,020 1,961 185.4 % 0.4 % 1.0 % 0.9 % 0.5 % Buddhist 404 1,082 1,189 194.3 % 0.2 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.3 % Muslim 527 1,104 1,349 156.0 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.6 % 0.3 % New Religious Movements & Others 1,296 1,770 2,804 116.4 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.2 % 0.5 % None / No religion, total 14,331 29,481 34,169 138.4 % 8.2 % 14.2 % 15.0 % 6.8 % Agnostic + Atheist 1,186 1,893 3,606 204.0 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.6 % 0.9 % Did Not Know / Refused to reply 4,031 11,300 11,815 193.1 % 2.3 % 5.4 % 5.2 % 2.9 % Highlights : The ARIS 2008 survey was carried out during February -- November 2008 and collected answers from 54,461 respondents who were questioned in English or Spanish. The American population self - identifies as predominantly Christian, but Americans are slowly becoming less Christian. 86 % of American adults identified as Christians in 1990 and 76 % in 2008. The historic mainline churches and denominations have experienced the steepest declines, while the non-denominational Christian identity has been trending upward, particularly since 2001. The challenge to Christianity in the U.S. does not come from other religions but rather from a rejection of all forms of organized religion. 34 % of American adults considered themselves `` Born Again or Evangelical Christians '' in 2008. The U.S. population continues to show signs of becoming less religious, with one out of every seven Americans failing to indicate a religious identity in 2008. The `` Nones '' ( no stated religious preference, atheist, or agnostic ) continue to grow, though at a much slower pace than in the 1990s, from 8.2 % in 1990, to 14.1 % in 2001, to 15.0 % in 2008. Asian Americans are substantially more likely to indicate no religious identity than other racial or ethnic groups. One sign of the lack of attachment of Americans to religion is that 27 % do not expect a religious funeral at their death. Based on their stated beliefs rather than their religious identification in 2008, 70 % of Americans believe in a personal God, roughly 12 % of Americans are atheist ( no God ) or agnostic ( unknowable or unsure ), and another 12 % are deistic ( a higher power but no personal God ). America 's religious geography has been transformed since 1990. Religious switching along with Hispanic immigration has significantly changed the religious profile of some states and regions. Between 1990 and 2008, the Catholic population proportion of the New England states fell from 50 % to 36 % and in New York fell from 44 % to 37 %, while it rose in California from 29 % to 37 % and in Texas from 23 % to 32 %. Overall the 1990 -- 2008 ARIS time series shows that changes in religious self - identification in the first decade of the 21st century have been moderate in comparison to the 1990s, which was a period of significant shifts in the religious composition of the United States. Ethnicity The table below shows the religious affiliations among the ethnicities in the United States, according to the Pew Forum 2014 survey. People of Black ethnicity were most likely to be part of a formal religion, with 85 % percent being Christians. Protestant denominations make up the majority of the Christians in the ethnicities. Religion Non-Hispanic White Black Hispanic Other / mixed Christian 70 % 79 % 77 % 49 % Protestant 48 % 71 % 26 % 33 % Catholic 19 % 5 % 48 % 13 % Mormon 2 % < 0.5 % 1 % 1 % Jehovah 's Witness < 0.5 % 2 % 1 % 1 % Orthodox 1 % < 0.5 % < 0.5 % 1 % Other < 0.5 % 1 % < 0.5 % 1 % Non-Christian faiths 5 % 3 % 2 % 21 % Jewish 3 % < 0.5 % 1 % 1 % Muslim < 0.5 % 2 % < 0.5 % 3 % Buddhist < 0.5 % < 0.5 % 1 % 4 % Hindu < 0.5 % < 0.5 % < 0.5 % 8 % Other world religions < 0.5 % < 0.5 % < 0.5 % 2 % Other faiths 2 % 1 % 1 % 2 % Unaffiliated ( including atheist and agnostic ) 24 % 18 % 20 % 29 % See also American civil religion Freedom of religion in the United States Historical religious demographics of the United States List of religious movements that began in the United States List of U.S. states and territories by religiosity Relationship between religion and science Religion in United States prisons School prayer # United States Separation of church and state in the United States References ^ Jump up to : Inc., Gallup,. `` Five Key Findings on Religion in the U.S. '' Gallup.com. Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 05. ^ Jump up to : `` Among Wealthy Nations U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion ''. Pew Global Attitudes Project. Retrieved 2007 - 01 - 01. Jump up ^ Newport, Frank ( 2016 - 02 - 04 ). `` New Hampshire Now Least Religious State in U.S. '' Gallup. Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 03. ^ Jump up to : https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aq.html CIA World Factbook. American Samoa. Retrieved September 7, 2018. Cite error : Invalid < ref > tag ; name `` AmericanSamoa1 '' defined multiple times with different content ( see the help page ). Jump up ^ Sydney Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People ( Yale UP, 2nd ed. 2004 ) ISBN 0 - 300 - 10012 - 4 Jump up ^ Kevin M. Schultz, and Paul Harvey, `` Everywhere and Nowhere : Recent Trends in American Religious History and Historiography '', Journal of the American Academy of Religion, March 2010, Vol. 78 Issue 1, pp. 129 -- 162 Jump up ^ See : English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, Restoration ( England ) and Nonconformists Jump up ^ David E. Swift ( 1989 ). Black Prophets of Justice : Activist Clergy Before the Civil War. LSU Press. p. 180. Jump up ^ The treaty is online Jump up ^ Tri-Faith America : How Catholics and Jews Held Postwar America to Its Protestant Promise by Kevin M. Schultz, p. 9 Jump up ^ Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith : Religious Accommodation in Pluralist Democracies by Nancy L. Rosenblum, Princeton University Press, 2000 -- 438, p. 156 Jump up ^ The Protestant Voice in American Pluralism by Martin E. Marty, chapter 1 Jump up ^ `` 10 facts about religion in America ''. pewresearch.org. August 27, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2017. Jump up ^ Barnstone, Aliki ; Manson, Michael Tomasek ; Singley, Carol J. ( August 27, 1997 ). `` The Calvinist Roots of the Modern Era ''. UPNE. Retrieved August 27, 2017 -- via Google Books. Jump up ^ Holmes, David L. ( May 1, 2006 ). `` The Faiths of the Founding Fathers ''. Oxford University Press, USA. Retrieved August 27, 2017 -- via Google Books. Jump up ^ `` Calvinism : The Spiritual Foundation of America ''. Geopolitica.ru. January 20, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2017. Jump up ^ 36 U.S.C. § 302 National motto ^ Jump up to : `` U.S. on the History of `` In God We Trust '' ``. United States Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 22. Jump up ^ United States Public Law 84 - 851, United States Public Law 84 - 851. Jump up ^ Gilleland, Don ( January 3, 2013 ). `` 50 years of change ''. Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 9A. ^ Jump up to : Cox, Daniel ; Jones, Ribert P. ( 9 June 2017 ). America 's Changing Religious Identity. 2016 American Values Atlas. Public Religion Research Institute. Jump up ^ Encylclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony Jump up ^ Feldman, Noah ( 2005 ). Divided by God. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, p. 10 ( `` For the first time in recorded history, they designed a government with no established religion at all. '' ) Jump up ^ Marsden, George M. 1990. Religion and American Culture. Orlando : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp. 45 -- 46. ^ Jump up to : `` Religion Census Newsletter '' ( PDF ). RCMS2010.org. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. March 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. Jump up ^ `` News from the National Council of Churches ''. Ncccusa.org. Jump up ^ Gaustad 1962 Jump up ^ `` Annual of the 2007 Southern Baptist Convention '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ The figures for this 2007 abstract are based on surveies for 1990 and 2001 from the Graduate School and University Center at the City University of New York. Kosmin, Barry A. ; Egon Mayer ; Ariela Keysar ( 2001 ). `` American Religious Identification Survey '' ( PDF ). City University of New York. ; Graduate School and University Center. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007. Jump up ^ Johnstone, Patrick ; Miller, Duane ( 2015 ). `` Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background : A Global Census ''. IJRR. 11 : 14. Retrieved 20 November 2015. Jump up ^ Why Are Millions of Muslims Becoming Christian ? Jump up ^ McKinney, William. `` Mainline Protestantism 2000. '' Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 558, Americans and Religions in the Twenty - First Century ( July, 1998 ), pp. 57 - 66. Jump up ^ Harriet Zuckerman, Scientific Elite : Nobel Laureates in the United States New York, The Free Pres, 1977, p. 68 : Protestants turn up among the American - reared laureates in slightly greater proportion to their numbers in the general population. Thus 72 percent of the seventy - one laureates but about two thirds of the American population were reared in one or another Protestant denomination - ) ^ Jump up to : B. Drummond Ayres, Jr. ( 2011 - 12 - 19 ). `` The Episcopalians : An American Elite with Roots Going Back to Jamestown ''. New York Times. Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 17. Jump up ^ Hacker, Andrew ( 1957 ). `` Liberal Democracy and Social Control ''. American Political Science Review. 51 ( 4 ) : 1009 -- 1026 ( p. 1011 ). JSTOR 1952449. Jump up ^ Ron Chernow, Titan ( New York : Random, 1998 ) 50. Jump up ^ Irving Lewis Allen, `` WASP -- From Sociological Concept to Epithet, '' Ethnicity, 1975 154 + Jump up ^ http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ Jump up ^ www.pewforum.org See : `` How income varies among US religious groups. '' 19 % of Catholics ( 19 % of 75 million, i.e., over 14 million ) `` live in households with incomes of at least 100,000. '' Jump up ^ `` The Harvard Guide : The Early History of Harvard University ''. News.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Increase Mather ''., Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica Jump up ^ Princeton University Office of Communications. `` Princeton in the American Revolution ''. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 24. The original Trustees of Princeton University `` were acting in behalf of the evangelical or New Light wing of the Presbyterian Church, but the college had no legal or constitutional identification with that denomination. Its doors were to be open to all students, ' any different sentiments in religion notwithstanding. ' '' Jump up ^ McCaughey, Robert ( 2003 ). Stand, Columbia : A History of Columbia University in the City of New York. New York, New York : Columbia University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0231130082. Jump up ^ Childs, Francis Lane ( December 1957 ). `` A Dartmouth History Lesson for Freshman ''. Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. Retrieved February 12, 2007. Jump up ^ W.L. Kingsley et al., `` The College and the Church, '' New Englander and Yale Review 11 ( Feb 1858 ) : 600. accessed 2010 - 6 - 16 Note : Middlebury is considered the first `` operating '' college in Vermont as it was the first to hold classes in Nov 1800. It issued the first Vermont degree in 1802 ; UVM followed in 1804. Jump up ^ James Davison Hunter ( March 31, 2010 ). To Change the World : The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World. Oxford UP. p. 85. Jump up ^ Sydney E. Ahlstrom, A religious history of the American people ( 1976 ) pp. 121 - 59. Jump up ^ FitzGerald 2007, p. 269 - 279. Jump up ^ Alexei D. Krindatch, ed., Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches ( Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2011 ) online. Jump up ^ `` Largest Latter - day Saint Communities ( Mormon / Church of Jesus Christ Statistics ) ''. adherents.com. 2005 - 04 - 12. Jump up ^ `` American Religious Identification Survey ''. Exhibit 15. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 24. ^ Jump up to : Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar ( 2009 ). `` American Religious Identification Survey ( ARIS ) 2008 '' ( PDF ). Hartford, Connecticut, US : Trinity College. Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 01. Jump up ^ `` Barna Survey Examines Changes in Worldview Among Christians over the Past 13 Years ''. The Barna Group. March 6, 2009. Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` America 's Changing Religious Landscape ''. Pew Research Center : Religion & Public Life. May 12, 2015. Jump up ^ US Religious Landscape Survey : Diverse and Dynamic ( PDF ), The Pew Forum, February 2008, p. 85, retrieved 2012 - 09 - 17 Jump up ^ `` The most and least educated U.S. religious group ''. Pew Research Center. 2016 - 10 - 16. Jump up ^ Leonhardt, David ( 2011 - 05 - 13 ). `` Faith, Education and Income ''. The New York Times. Retrieved May 13, 2011. Jump up ^ `` How income varies among U.S. religious groups ''. Pew Research Center. 2016 - 10 - 16. Jump up ^ `` The most and least educated U.S. religious groups, '' and `` how income varies among U.S. religious groups '' in Pew Research Center : 26 % and 19 % of 75 million Catholics are college graduates and high income earners, respectively. No religious community can match those numbers Jump up ^ Taylor, Humphrey ( October 15, 2003 ), `` While Most Americans Believe in God, Only 36 % Attend a Religious Service Once a Month or More Often '' ( PDF ), The Harris Poll # 59, HarrisInteractive.com, Harris Interactive, retrieved 2014 - 02 - 18 Jump up ^ Kosmin, Mayer & Keysar ( 2001 - 12 - 19 ). `` American Identification Survey, 2001 '' ( PDF ). The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York. pp. 8 -- 9. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 24. Jump up ^ `` Jewish Community Study of New York '' ( PDF ). United Jewish Appeal - Federation of New York. 2002. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2008. ^ Jump up to : `` America 's Changing Religious Landscape ''. Pew Research Center : Religion & Public Life. May 12, 2015. Jump up ^ `` CIA Fact Book ''. CIA World Fact Book. 2002. Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 30. Jump up ^ Jack Wertheimer ( 2002 ). Jews in the Center : Conservative Synagogues and Their Members. Rutgers University Press. p. 68. Jump up ^ Adele Reinhartz ( 2014 ). `` The Vanishing Jews of Antiquity ''. Los Angeles Review of Books. Jump up ^ Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, University of Miami and University of Connecticut ( 2009 ). `` Jewish Population of the United States, 2009 '' ( PDF ). Mandell L. Berman North American Jewish Data Bank in cooperation with the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry and the Jewish Federations of North America. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 12, 2012. The authors concluded the 6,543,820 figure was an over-count, due to people who live in more than one state during a year. ^ Jump up to : `` The Association of Religion Data Archives ( ARDA ), Year 2000 Report ''. ARDA. 2000. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 04. Churches were asked for their membership numbers. ARDA estimates that most of the churches not reporting were black Protestant congregations. Jump up ^ `` 2001 National Jewish Population Survey ''. Ujc.org. Archived from the original on May 15, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2012. Jump up ^ Tweed, Thomas A. `` Islam in America : From African Slaves to Malcolm X ''. National Humanities Center. Retrieved 2009 - 07 - 21. Jump up ^ Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, A History of Islam in America : From the New World to the New World Order ( Cambridge University Press, 2010 ) pp. 59 -- 94 Jump up ^ Timothy Miller ( 1995 ). America 's alternative religions. State University of New York Press. p. 280. Jump up ^ Mattias Gardell, In the Name of Elijah Muhammad : Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam ( Duke University Press, 1996 ) Jump up ^ C. Eric Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America ( 3rd ed. Eerdmans, 1994 ) Jump up ^ `` First Muslim Elected to Congress ''. Cbsnews.com. 2009 - 02 - 11. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ Cebula, Judith ( 2008 - 03 - 11 ). `` Second Muslim elected to Congress ''. Reuters.com. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ `` Zogby phone survey '' ( PDF ). Projectmaps.com. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 26, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2012. Jump up ^ `` America 's Muslims after 9 / 11 ''. Voice of America. Jump up ^ `` Muslim Americans, Pew Research Center '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 16, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012. Jump up ^ Melton, Encyclopedia of American Religions ( 2003 ) pp. 992 -- 995 Jump up ^ `` Rastafarian history ''. BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Jump up ^ Loadenthal, Michael. `` Jah People : The cultural hybridity of white Rastafarians ''. GlocalismJournal.net. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rastafarianism ''. Religionfacts.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` Rastari History ''. Religionfacts.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` Bad Buddhist Vibes ''. Utne. Retrieved 5 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Faces of Buddhism in America ''. University of California Press. Retrieved 5 March 2015. Jump up ^ Kosmin, Mayer & Keysar ( 2001 - 12 - 19 ). `` American Identification Survey, 2001 '' ( PDF ). The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York. p. 13. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 24. ^ Jump up to : `` Religious Composition of the U.S. '' ( PDF ). U.S Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. February 2008. Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 08. Jump up ^ `` About JAINA ''. Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 16. Jump up ^ The Pioneers, America, `` A historical perspective of Americans of Asian Indian origin 1790 -- 1997 '' October 31, 2006 Jump up ^ Stockton Gurdwara, America, `` Stockton California '' October 31, 2006 Jump up ^ Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs in America : A Short History, p. 120. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 10. Jump up ^ The Racialization of Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism in the United States, Khyati Y. Joshi, 2006. Jump up ^ Ronald H. Bayor ( 31 July 2011 ). Multicultural America : An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans. ABC - CLIO. pp. 985 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 35787 - 9. Retrieved 6 June 2013. Jump up ^ `` largest religious groups in the US ''. Adherents.com. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ `` Taoism at a glance ''. Bbc.co.uk. 1970 - 01 - 01. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ Phillips, Erica E. ; Kesling, Ben ( 9 -- 10 March 2013 ). `` Some Church Folk Ask : ' What Would Jesus Brew ? ' ''. The Wall Street Journal ( paper ). Jump up ^ `` Atheists Are Distrusted ''. May 3, 2006. Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2010. Jump up ^ Paulos, John Allen ( April 2, 2006 ). `` Who 's Counting : Distrusting Atheists ''. ABC News. Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 16. Jump up ^ `` Atheists identified as America 's most distrusted minority, according to new U of M study ''. UMN News. Retrieved 2006 - 03 - 22. ^ Jump up to : `` Pew survey : Doubt of God growing quickly among millennials ''. Religion.blogs.cnn.com. 2012 - 08 - 16. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ Raushenbush, Paul ( 2012 - 03 - 24 ). `` Atheists Rally on National Mall ''. Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ `` Excerpts from Allen 's Reason The Only Oracle Of Man ''. Ethan Allen Homestead Museum. Archived from the original on May 2, 2008. Jump up ^ `` Religious Landscape Study - Pew Research Center ''. 2015 - 05 - 11. Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 04. Jump up ^ `` Religiosity and Atheism '' ( PDF ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 6, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012. Jump up ^ Merica, Dan ( 2012 - 06 - 12 ). `` Pew Survey : Doubt of God Growing Quickly among Millennials ''. CNN. Retrieved 2012 - 06 - 14. Jump up ^ `` More Than 9 in 10 Americans Continue to Believe in God ''. Gallup.com. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ `` What People Do and Do Not Believe in '' ( PDF ). Harris Interactive. 2009 - 12 - 15. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. Jump up ^ Eric Ferreri ( 2011 - 08 - 16 ). `` according to Mark Chaves ''. Today.duke.edu. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ Newport, Frank ( 2008 - 07 - 28 ). `` Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S. '' The Gallup Organization. Retrieved 2010 - 09 - 04. Jump up ^ Heelas, Spiritualities of Life, 63. Jump up ^ Heelas, Spiritualities of Life, 64. Jump up ^ Carette and King, Selling Spirituality, 41. Jump up ^ Funk, Cary ; Smith, Greg. `` '' Nones '' on the Rise : One - in - Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation '' ( PDF ). pewforum.org. The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Jump up ^ Utter, Jack. American Indians : Answers to Today 's Questions. 2nd edition. University of Oklahoma Press, 2001, p. 145. Jump up ^ Or about. 003 % of the U.S. population of 300 million. James T. Richardson ( 2004 ). Regulating Religion : Case Studies from Around the Globe. Springer. p. 543. Jump up ^ Barbara Jane Davy, Introduction to Pagan Studies, p. 151 ( 2007 ) Jump up ^ Rosemary Guiley, The Encyclopedia of Magic and Alchemy, p. 84 ( 2006 ) Jump up ^ Trinity ARIS 2008 ; Trinity ARIS 2001 Archived June 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Adler 2006. pp. 337 -- 339. Jump up ^ Raymond Buckland, Scottish Witchcraft : The history & magick of the Picts, p. 246 ( 1991 ) Jump up ^ Wyrmstar, Tamryn. `` Silver Chalice Ancestry ''. Tamryn 's Abode http://www.angelfire.com/rant/ingwitch/sca.html. Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29. External link in publisher = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Nazi symbolism '', Wikipedia, 2018 - 10 - 22, retrieved 2018 - 10 - 25 Jump up ^ `` Aryan Brotherhood ''. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2018 - 10 - 25. Jump up ^ `` Soldiers of Odin '', Wikipedia, 2018 - 10 - 24, retrieved 2018 - 10 - 25 Jump up ^ William James, `` The Varieties of Religious Experience ''. pp. 92 -- 93. New York 1929 Jump up ^ https://www.npr.org/2017/06/24/534248664/unitarian-universalists-denounce-white-supremacy-make-leadership-changes Jump up ^ https://www.uua.org/beliefs/what-we-believe/principles Jump up ^ ( The 4th principle of Unitarian Universalism ) UUA.org Seven principles Jump up ^ https://www.uua.org/beliefs/who-we-are/history/faith Jump up ^ http://www.uucnc.org/100q.html#q84 Jump up ^ Global Christianity ( PDF ). Pew Research Center. 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2015. Jump up ^ Everson v. Board of Education Jump up ^ Thomas Berg. `` The Pledge of Allegiance and the Limited State ''. Texas Review of Law and Politics, Vol. 8, Fall 2003. SSRN 503622. The inclusion of `` under God '' in the Pledge, the report says, `` would serve to deny the atheistic and materialistic conceptions of communism with its attendant subservience of the individual ''. Jump up ^ Scott A. Merriman. Religion and the Law in America : An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy. ABC - CLIO. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 18. The United States, wanting to distinguish itself from the USSR and its atheist positions, went to great extremes to demonstrate that God was still supreme in this country. Jump up ^ Natalie Goldstein, Walton Brown - Foster. Religion and the State. Infobase Publishing. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 18. In the early 1950s, a Presbyterian minister in New York gave a sermon in which he railed against the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance because it contained no references to God. According to the reverend, the American pledge could serve just as well in the atheistic Soviet Union ; there was nothing in the U.S. pledge to distinguish it from an oath to the godless communist state. So in 1954, Congress passed a law that inserted the phrase `` under God '' into the Pledge of Allegiance. Jump up ^ Ann W. Duncan, Steven L. Jones. Church - State Issues in America Today : Volume 2, Religion, Family, and Education. Præger. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 18. Including God in the nation 's pledge would send a clear message to the world that unlike communist regimes that denied God 's existence, the United States recognized a Supreme Being. Official acknowledgement of God would further distinguish freedom - loving Americans from their atheist adversaries. Jump up ^ John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldridge. God Is Back : How the Global Revival of Faith Is Changing the World. Penguin Books. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 18. Recognition of the Supreme Being is the first, the most basic, expression of Americanism, '' he declared in a speech launching the American Legion 's `` Back to God '' campaign in 1955. `` Without God, there could be no American form of government, nor an American way of life. Jump up ^ William J. Federer. Back Fired. Amerisearch. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 18. In a National Day of Prayer Proclamation, December 5, 1974, President Gerald R. Ford, quoted President Dwight David Eisenhower 's 1955 statement : Without God there could be no American form of government, nor an American way of life. Recognition of the Supreme Being is the first -- the most basic -- expression of Americanism. ^ Jump up to : Inc., Gallup,. `` How Does Gallup Daily Tracking Work ? ''. Gallup.com. Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07. Jump up ^ Inc., Gallup,. `` Gallup Daily Tracking Questions ''. Gallup.com. Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07. Jump up ^ Kaleem, Jaweed ( May 17, 2014 ). `` Americans Exaggerate How Much They Go To Religious Services, According To Study ''. The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Harris Interactive survey ''. Harrisinteractive.com. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Mississippians Go to Church the Most ; Vermonters, Least ''. Gallup.com. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 17. Jump up ^ `` ' One in 10 ' attends church weekly ''. BBC News. April 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 01. Jump up ^ NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance, National Church Life Survey, media release, February 28, 2004 Jump up ^ `` Frequent Church Attendance Highest in Utah, Lowest in Vermont ''. Gallup.com. February 17, 2015. Jump up ^ http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/northern-mariana-islands/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 Globalreligiousfutures.org. Northern Mariana Islands. Retrieved 31 January 2018. Jump up ^ http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 Globalreligiousfutures.org. Guam. Returevied 31 January 2018. Jump up ^ http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/puerto-rico#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 Globalreligiousfutures.org. Puerto Rico. Retrieved 31 January 2018. Jump up ^ http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/u-s-virgin-islands#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 Globalreigiousfutures.org. U.S. Virgin Islands. Retrieved 31 January 2018. Jump up ^ `` Key findings about Puerto Rico ''. March 29, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Religion in Latin America ''. November 13, 2014. Jump up ^ PEW data 2010 Jump up ^ `` Religion Losing Influence in America ''. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Jump up ^ `` Religion and the 2006 Elections ''. Pew Forum. 2006 - 12 - 01. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Exit poll - Decision 2004 - NBCNews.com ''. MSNBC. Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 29. Jump up ^ `` The First Catholic Vice President ? ''. NPR.org. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2015. Jump up ^ `` Why Bernie Sanders does n't participate in organized religion ''. www.washingtonpost.com. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016. Jump up ^ Michael Isikoff, `` I 'm a Sunni Muslim '', Newsweek Jan. 4, 2007 Jump up ^ Jeffrey M. Jones ( 2007 - 02 - 20 ). `` Some Americans Reluctant to Vote for Mormon, 72 - Year - Old Presidential Candidates. Strong support for black, women, Catholic candidates ''. Gallup News Service. Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 25. Jump up ^ Jeffrey M. Jones ( 2012 - 06 - 21 ). `` Atheists, Muslims See Most Bias as Presidential Candidates ''. Gallup News Service. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 26. Jump up ^ Justin Mccarthy ( 2015 - 06 - 22 ). `` In U.S., Socialist Presidential Candidates Least Appealing ''. Gallup News Service. Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 26. Jump up ^ Kaleem, Jaweed ( January 4, 2013 ). `` Tulsi Gabbard, First Hindu In Congress, Uses Bhagavad Gita At Swearing - In ''. HuffPost. Retrieved October 17, 2017. Jump up ^ `` ARDA Sources for Religious Congregations & Membership Data ''. ARDA. 2000. Retrieved 2010 - 05 - 29. Jump up ^ `` The Association of Religion Data Archives ( ARDA ), Year 2010 Report ''. ARDA. 2010. Bibliography Buck, Christopher ( 2009 ). Religious myths and visions of America : how minority faiths redefined America 's world role. Westport, Connecticut : Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 35959 - 0... Richard Dawkins, `` Secularism, the Founding Fathers and the religion of America '', in The God Delusion, Black Swan, 2007 ( ISBN 978 - 0 - 552 - 77429 - 1 ). De La Torre, Miguel A., Encyclopedia on Hispanic American Religious Culture 2 vol, ABC - CLIO Publishers, 2009. FitzGerald, Thomas ( 2007 ). `` Eastern Christianity in the United States ''. The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing. pp. 269 -- 279. Gaustad, Edwin ( 1962 ). `` Historical atlas of religion in America ''. Harper & Row... Gordon, Melton, J. Encyclopedia of American Religions ( 7th ed. Thomson, 2003 ) 1408pp Hill, Samuel S., Charles H. Lippy, and Charles Reagan Wilson, eds. Encyclopedia of Religion in the South ( 2005 ) Lippy, Charles H., ed. Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience ( 3 vol Scribners, 1988 ) National Council of the Churches of Christ. Yearbook of American Churches : 2010 ( 2010 ) Putnam, Robert D., and David E Campbell American Grace : How Religion Divides and Unites Us ( 2010 ) excerpt and text search Queen, Edward L. et al. eds, Encyclopedia of American Religious History ( 3rd ed. 3 vol, Facts on File, 2009 ) Historiography Goff, Philip, ed. The Blackwell Companion to Religion in America ( 2010 ) online ; 43 essays by scholars External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Religion in the United States Religion by country Africa Algeria Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Nigeria Seychelles South Africa Sudan Uganda Zambia Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma Cambodia China Cyprus India Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Japan North Korea South Korea Laos Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Turkey United Arab Emirates Thailand Vietnam Yemen Europe Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Ireland Romania Russia Serbia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom North America Belize Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Jamaica Mexico Trinidad and Tobago Nicaragua United States Oceania Australia East Timor Fiji Indonesia New Zealand Papua New Guinea South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Uruguay Religion portal Association of Religion Data Archives - compilation of religion data from a project jointly supported by Penn State University, Chapman University, the Lilly Endowment, and the John Templeton Foundation The ARIS ( American Religious Identification Survey ) time series surveys - website of academic research team that conducted `` three large replicate, representative, national surveys of adults '' in the continental United States in 1990, 2001 and 2008. Includes reports, data sets, and other information. Material History of American Religion Project - based at the Vanderbilt University Divinity School and supported by the Lilly Endowment Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life - a project of the Pew Research Center, publishing statistical reports on religion and American life Religion : Gallup Historical Trends - opinion polling of Americans by the Gallup Poll from the 1940s to the present Life in the United States Crime Culture Economic issues affluence eviction home - ownership household income income inequality labor unions middle class personal income poverty standard of living wealth Education ( attainment ) Family structure Health health care health insurance Holidays Homelessness Human rights Languages Passenger vehicle transport Political ideologies Race Religion Social class Society Sports Religion in the United States States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Federal district Washington, D.C. Insular areas American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Demographics of the United States Demographic history By economic and social Affluence Educational attainment Emigration Home - ownership Household income Immigration Income inequality Language LGBT Middle classes Personal income Poverty Social class Unemployment by state Wealth By religion Baha'is Buddhists Christians Catholics Coptics Mormons Protestants Hindus Jains Jews Muslims Ahmadiyyas NoI Five - Percent Nation Neopagans Non-religious Rastafaris Scientologists Sikhs Zoroastrians By continent and ethnicity Africa African diaspora in the Americas Afro - Caribbean / West Indian Americans Bahamian Americans Belizean Americans Guyanese Americans Haitian Americans Jamaican Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Black Hispanic and Latino Americans African immigrants to the United States Central Africans in the United States Horn Africans in the United States North Africans in the United States Southeast Africans in the United States Southern Africans in the United States West Africans in the United States Asia Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans East Asia Chinese Americans Hong Kong Americans Tibetan Americans Taiwanese Americans Japanese Americans Korean Americans Mongolian Americans South Asia Bangladeshi Americans Bhutanese Americans Indian Americans Nepalese Americans Pakistani Americans Romani Americans Sri Lankan Americans Southeast Asia Burmese Americans Cambodian Americans Filipino Americans Hmong Americans Indonesian Americans Laotian Americans Malaysian Americans Singaporean Americans Thai Americans Vietnamese Americans West Asia Arab Americans Assyrian Americans Iranian Americans Israeli Americans Jewish Americans Europe White Americans English Americans French Americans German Americans Greek Americans Irish Americans Italian Americans Scandinavian Americans Slavic Americans Spanish Americans Non-Hispanic whites White Hispanic and Latino Americans Oceania Pacific Islands Americans Chamorro Americans Native Hawaiians Samoan Americans Tongan Americans Americans of Euro Oceanic origin Australian Americans New Zealand Americans North America Native Americans and Alaska Natives Canadian Americans Cuban Americans Mexican Americans Puerto Ricans ( Stateside ) South America Hispanic and Latino Americans Brazilian Americans Colombian Americans Ecuadorian Americans Multiethnic Melungeon People of the United States / Americans American ancestry Maps of American ancestries 2010 Census Race and ethnicity in the Census Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Racism Religion in North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands Religion portal United States portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_United_States&oldid=865623393 '' Categories : Religion in the United States Religious demographics Hidden categories : Pages with reference errors Pages with duplicate reference names Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors : external links Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Use American English from April 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Use mdy dates from April 2015 Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2018 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016 Articles needing additional references from February 2018 All articles needing additional references Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Languages Español Esperanto فارسی Føroyskt Français Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Suomi Türkçe اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 10 more Edit links This page was last edited on 25 October 2018, at 03 : 05 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is the most popular religion in united states
Answer: Christianity