Politics of Poland - wikipedia Politics of Poland Poland This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Poland Constitution Human rights Executive President ( list ) Andrzej Duda Prime Minister ( list ) Mateusz Morawiecki Cabinet Ministries Legislature Parliament Senate Diet ( Sejm ) Judiciary Courts and tribunals Constitutional Tribunal Supreme Court Supreme Administrative Court State Tribunal Offices Supreme Audit Office Officeholders Public Prosecutor General Ombudsman Recent elections Presidential 1990 1995 2000 2005 2015 Parliamentary 1991 1997 2005 2007 2011 2015 European 2009 2014 Local 1990 1998 2002 2006 2014 Referendums 1997 2003 2015 Political parties Law and Justice Civic Platform Kukiz'15. Modern Democratic Left Alliance Polish People 's Party Liberty Together Politicians Administrative divisions Voivodeship Counties ( powiat ) Communes ( gmina ) Cities and towns Foreign relations Ambassadors Related topics Economy History ( political ) Armed forces Other countries Atlas The Government of Poland takes place in the framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised, within the framework of a multi-party system, by the President and the Government, which consists of the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister. Its members are typically chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the lower house of parliament ( the Sejm ), although exceptions to this rule are not uncommon. The government is formally announced by the President, and must pass a motion of confidence in the Sejm within two weeks. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament, Sejm and Senate. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation, with the proviso that non-ethnic - minority parties must gain at least 5 % of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliamentary elections occur at least every four years. The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces, has the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, which may be overridden by a majority of three fifths, and can dissolve the parliament under certain conditions ; presidential elections occur every 5 years, if none of the candidates receives the most votes on the first round, a runoff election will be held with the two most voted candidates. The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution. Contents 1 Executive branch 1.1 Head of state 2 Legislative branch 3 Elections 3.1 Prominent politicians 4 National security 4.1 Government Protection Bureau 5 Administrative divisions 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Executive branch The Prime Minister proposes, the President appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers. The President is elected by popular vote for a five - year term, the Prime minister and Deputy Prime Ministers ( if any ) are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Sejm. The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Prime Minister and the Sejm. Main office holders Office Name Party Since President Andrzej Duda Law and Justice 6 August 2015 Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki Law and Justice 11 December 2017 Head of state The President is elected by terms ; as head of state, supreme commander of the Armed Forces, and supreme representative of the Republic of Poland. The President has the right to veto legislation, although veto may be overridden by the assembly with a three - fifths majority vote. The President, as representative of the state in foreign affairs, shall ratify and renounce international agreements, appoint and recall the plenipotentiary representatives of the Republic of Poland and shall cooperate with the Prime Minister and the appropriate minister in respect of foreign policy. As Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, the President shall appoint the Chief of the General Staff and commanders of branches of the Armed Forces. The President may, regarding particular matters, convene the Cabinet Council, although it does not possess the competence of the Council of Ministers. Official acts of the President shall require, for their validity, the signature of the Prime Minister, nevertheless this does not apply to : nominating and appointing the Prime Minister shortening of the term of office of the Sejm in the instances specified in the Constitution introducing legislation requesting the Sejm to appoint the President of the National Bank of Poland appointing judges proclaiming the holding of a nationwide referendum ( a consent of the Senate is required ) signing or refusing to sign a bill appointing the First President of the Supreme Court, President of the Constitutional Tribunal, members of the Council for Monetary Policy, appointing and dismissing members of the National Security Council exercising the power of pardon convening the Cabinet Council Legislative branch Sejm Plenary Hall The Polish Parliament has two chambers. The lower chamber ( Sejm ) has 460 members, elected for a four - year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies using the d'Hondt method similar to that used in many parliamentary political systems, with a 5 % threshold ( 8 % for coalitions, threshold waived for national minorities ). The Senate ( Senat ) has 100 members elected for a four - year term under the single member, one - round first - past - the - post voting method. When sitting in joint session, members of the Sejm and Senate form the National Assembly, ( Polish Zgromadzenie Narodowe ). The National Assembly is formed on three occasions : Taking the oath of office by a new president, bringing an indictment against the President of the Republic to the Tribunal of State, and declaration of a President 's permanent incapacity to exercise their duties due to the state of their health. Only the first kind has occurred to date. Since 1991 elections are supervised by the National Electoral Commission ( Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza ), whose administrative division is called the National Electoral Office ( Krajowe Biuro Wyborcze ). Elections Main articles : Elections in Poland and Polish presidential election, 2015 show e d Summary of the 10 May 2015 and 24 May 2015 Polish presidential election results Candidates First round Second round Votes % Votes % Andrzej Duda 5,179,092 34.76 8,630,627 51.55 Bronisław Komorowski 5,031,060 33.77 8,112,311 48.45 Paweł Kukiz 3,099,079 20.80 Janusz Korwin - Mikke 486,084 3.26 Magdalena Ogórek 353,883 2.38 Adam Jarubas 238,761 1.60 Janusz Palikot 211,242 1.42 Grzegorz Braun 124,132 0.83 Marian Kowalski 77,630 0.52 Jacek Wilk 68,186 0.46 Paweł Tanajno 29,785 0.20 Total votes for candidates 14,898,934 100.00 16,742,938 100.00 Total valid votes 14,898,934 99.17 16,742,938 98.53 Total invalid votes 124,952 0.83 250,231 1.47 Total votes cast 15,023,886 100.00 16,993,169 100.00 Turnout 48.96 % 55.34 % Source : National Electoral Commission, National Electoral Commission show e d Summary of the 25 October 2015 Polish parliamentary election results Parties Sejm Senate Votes % ± % Seats ± Seats ± Law and Justice ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS ) 5,711,687 37.58 7.69 235 / 460 78 61 / 100 30 Civic Platform ( Platforma Obywatelska, PO ) 3,661,474 24.09 15.09 138 / 460 69 34 / 100 34 Kukiz'15 ( K'15 ) 1,339,094 8.81 42 / 460 42 -- Modern ( Nowoczesna,. N ) 1,155,370 7.60 28 / 460 28 -- United Left ( Zjednoczona Lewica, ZL ) 1,147,102 7.55 11.26 -- 67 -- Polish People 's Party ( Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL ) 779,875 5.13 3.23 16 / 460 12 1 / 100 KORWiN 722,999 4.76 -- -- Together ( Partia Razem ) 550,349 3.62 -- -- Regional committees Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga ( KWW ZS ) 42,731 0.28 -- -- German Minority ( Mniejszość Niemiecka, MN ) 27,530 0.18 0.01 1 / 460 -- United for Silesia ( Zjednoczeni dla Śląska, ZdŚ ) 18,668 0.12 -- -- JOW Bezpartyjni 15,656 0.10 -- -- Committee of Grzegorz Braun `` God Bless You ! '' ( Szczęść Boże ! ) 13,113 0.09 -- -- Congress of the New Right ( Kongres Nowej Prawicy, KNP ) 4,852 0.03 1.03 -- -- Self - Defence ( Samoobrona ) 4,266 0.03 0.04 -- -- Social Movement of the Republic of Poland ( Ruch Społeczny ) 3,941 0.03 -- -- Citizens to Parliament ( Obywatele do Parlamentu, OdP ) 1,964 0.01 -- -- Independents ( Niezależni ) N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A 4 / 100 Total 15,200,671 100 460 100 Notes Jump up ^ United Left was running as a coalition, therefore was subject to an 8 % election threshold rather than 5 % for single parties. Prominent politicians Main article : List of politicians in Poland Prominent contemporary Polish politicians in alphabetical order include : Leszek Balcerowicz, Marek Belka, Marek Borowski, Bogdan Borusewicz, Jerzy Buzek, Ludwik Dorn, Roman Giertych, Zyta Gilowska, Danuta Hübner, Marek Jurek, Jarosław Kaczyński, Jarosław Kalinowski, Bronisław Komorowski, Pawel Kowal, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Stefan Meller, Wojciech Olejniczak, Jan Rokita, Jacek Saryusz - Wolski, Donald Tusk, Zbigniew Ziobro. See also : Category : Polish politicians National security Poland 's top national security goal is to further integrate with NATO and other west European defense, economic, and political institutions via a modernization and reorganization of its military. Polish military doctrine reflects the same defense nature as its NATO partners. The combined consists of 100,300 active duty personnel and in addition 234,000 reserves. In 2009 the Armed Forces transformed into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished. Personnel levels and organization in the different branches are as follows ( 2004 ) : Land Forces : 60,000 ( 4 divisions, independent units and territorial forces ) Air Force : 26,000 ( Air and Air Defense Corps ) Navy : 14,300 ( 2 Fleets ) Special Forces : 1,700 ( 4 Special Units -- GROM, 1 PSK, `` Formoza '', special logistics Military Unit ) The Polish military continues to restructure and to modernize its equipment. The Polish Defense Ministry General Staff and the Land Forces staff have recently reorganized the latter into a NATO - compatible J / G - 1 through J / G - 6 structure. Budget constraints hamper such priority defense acquisitions as a multi-role fighter, improved communications systems, and an attack helicopter. Poland continues to be a regional leader in support and participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace Program and has actively engaged most of its neighbors and other regional actors to build stable foundations for future European security arrangements. Poland continues its long record of strong support for United Nations peacekeeping operations ; it maintaining a unit in Southern Lebanon ( part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, a battalion in NATO 's Kosovo Force ( KFOR ), and providing and actually deploying the KFOR strategic reserve to Kosovo. Poland is a strong ally of the US in Europe and leads the Multinational Division Central - South in Iraq. Government Protection Bureau The Government Protection Bureau ( Polish : Biuro Ochrony Rządu, BOR ) is Poland 's equivalent of the Secret Service in the United States, providing antiterrorism and VIP security detail services for the government. Administrative divisions Poland is divided in 16 provinces or Voivodeships ( województwa, singular -- województwo ) : Lower Silesia, Kuyavia - Pomerania, Łódź, Lubelskie, Lubusz, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Opole, Subcarpathia, Podlaskie, Pomerania, Silesia, Świętokrzyskie, Warmia - Masuria, Greater Poland and West Pomerania. See also Poland Politics of Europe Visegrad Group Liberalism in Poland Polish government - in - exile Political parties in Poland Poland A and B References Jump up ^ Veser, Ernst ( 23 September 1997 ). `` Semi-Presidentialism - Duverger 's Concept -- A New Political System Model '' ( PDF ) ( in English and Chinese ). Department of Education, School of Education, University of Cologne : 39 -- 60. Retrieved 21 August 2017. Duhamel has developed the approach further : He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of ' système politique ' and ' régime constitutionnel '. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as ' presidentialist system ' endowed with a ' semi-presidential regime ' ( 1983 : 587 ). By this standard he recognizes Duverger 's pléiade as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania ( 1993 : 87 ). ^ Jump up to : Shugart, Matthew Søberg ( September 2005 ). `` Semi-Presidential Systems : Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns '' ( PDF ). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States : University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2017. ^ Jump up to : Shugart, Matthew Søberg ( December 2005 ). `` Semi-Presidential Systems : Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns '' ( PDF ). French Politics. Palgrave Macmillan Journals. 3 ( 3 ) : 323 -- 351. doi : 10.1057 / palgrave. fp. 8200087. Retrieved 21 August 2017. Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as ' quite considerable ' in Duverger 's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people 's elected agent. Such powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to parliament, it can not legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account. ^ Jump up to : McMenamin, Iain. `` Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland '' ( PDF ). School of Law and Government, Dublin City University. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2017. Jump up ^ `` KOMUNIKAT PAŃSTWOWEJ KOMISJI WYBORCZEJ z dnia 26 października 2015 r. o zbiorczych wynikach głosowania na listy kandydatów na posłów w skali kraju '' ( PDF ) ( in Polish ). pkw.gov.pl. October 26, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015. Jump up ^ Polish Armed Forces Jump up ^ `` Polish Military personnel ''. Mon.gov.pl. 2012 - 02 - 07. Archived from the original on 2012 - 01 - 25. Retrieved 2012 - 02 - 11. Jump up ^ Biuro Ochrony Rządu Archived 2007 - 07 - 14 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 2007 - 07 - 25 External links Erik Herron 's Guide to Politics of East Central Europe and Eurasia PGB surveys Poland articles History Timeline Prehistory and protohistory Middle Ages Monarchs Early Modern ( 1569 -- 1795 ) Partitions, duchies and kingdoms ( 1795 -- 1918 ) World War I Interwar years World War II Communist Poland Poland since 1989 By topic Cultural Demographic Economic Military Postal Geography Cities and towns Forests Islands Lakes Mountains National parks Poland A and B Protected areas Regions Rivers Politics Administrative divisions Constitution Human rights LGBT Judiciary Law Law enforcement Military Politicians Elections Foreign relations Parliament Political parties Central European Initiative Visegrád Group Economy Agriculture Balcerowicz Plan Central bank Currency Economic history EEZ Energy Exports Regional GDP per capita Merchant Navy Mining Stock exchange Tourism Transport Unemployment Upper Silesian Industrial Region Culture Architecture Art Cinema Polish cuisine Silesian cuisine Folk beliefs Folk dances Literature Media Music Name Polish names Public holidays Sport Theatre Traditions Demographics Poles Ethnic minorities Education Languages Crime Health care Religion Christianity Roman Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Protestantism Islam Hinduism Judaism Symbols Anthem Coat of arms Flag list Polonia Orders and decorations Outline Portal Politics of Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Other entities European Union Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Poland&oldid=866289063 '' Categories : Politics of Poland Hidden categories : CS1 Chinese - language sources ( zh ) CS1 Polish - language sources ( pl ) Webarchive template wayback links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Български Čeština Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Svenska Українська 中文 10 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 October 2018, at 13 : 15 ( UTC ). 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Question: what type of government does poland have now
Answer: a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic