List of rock types - wikipedia List of rock types A list of rock types recognized by petrologists The following is a list of rock types recognized by petrologists. There is no agreed number of specific types of rocks. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe rock types. Additionally, different classification systems exist for each major type of rock. There are three major types of rock, sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. They are all identified by their texture, streak, and location, among other factors. Contents 1 Igneous 2 Sedimentary 3 Metamorphic 4 Specific varieties of rocks 5 See also 6 External links Igneous A sample of andesite ( dark groundmass ) with amygdaloidal vesicles filled with zeolite. Diameter of view is 8 cm. Main article : Igneous rock Adakite -- A class of intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks containing low amounts of yttrium and ytterbium Andesite -- An intermediate volcanic rock Alkali feldspar granite -- A granitoid in which at least 90 % of the total feldspar is alkali feldspar Anorthosite -- A mafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase Aplite -- A fine - grained intrusive igneous rock type similar to granite Basalt -- A magnesium - and iron - rich extrusive igneous rock A'a - basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance Pahoehoe - basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance Basaltic trachyandesite Mugearite -- Oligoclase - bearing basalt, comprising olivine, apatite, and opaque oxides Shoshonite -- A potassium - rich variety of basaltic trachyandesite Basanite -- A silica - undersaturated basalt Blairmorite -- Rare porphyritic volcanic rock Boninite -- Utramafic extrusive rock high in both magnesium and silica Carbonatite -- Igneous rock with more than 50 % carbonate minerals Charnockite -- A type of granite containing orthopyroxene Enderbite -- An igneous rock of the charnockite series Dacite -- Volcanic rock intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite Diabase, also known as dolerite -- An intrusive mafic rock forming dykes or sills Diorite -- Intermediate intrusive igneous rock composed principally of plagioclase feldspar Napoleonite, also known as corsite -- A variety of diorite with orbicular structure Dunite -- An ultramafic and ultrabasic rock from Earth 's mantle and made of the mineral olivine. Essexite -- a dark gray or black holocrystalline plutonic rock Foidolite -- A rare coarse - grained intrusive igneous rock in which more than 60 % of light - coloured minerals are feldspathoids Gabbro -- A course garained mafic intrusive rock Granite -- A common type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock with granular structure Granodiorite -- A phaneritic - textured intrusive igneous rock similar to granite Granophyre -- A subvolcanic rock that contains quartz and alkali feldspar in characteristic angular intergrowths Harzburgite -- An ultramafic and ultrabasic mantle rock. Found in ophiolites. Hornblendite -- Plutonic rock consisting mainly of the amphibole hornblende Hyaloclastite -- A volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia Icelandite -- An iron rich, aluminium poor andesite Ignimbrite -- A variety of hardened tuff Ijolite -- An igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite Kimberlite -- An igneous rock which sometimes contains diamonds Komatiite -- An ultramafic mantle - derived volcanic rock Lamproite -- Ultrapotassic mantle - derived volcanic or subvolcanic rock Lamprophyre - an ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass Latite - a silica - undersaturated form of andesite Lherzolite - an ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite Monzogranite - a silica - undersaturated granite with < 5 % normative quartz Monzonite -- Igneous intrusive rock with low quartz and equal plagioclase and alkali feldspar - a plutonic rock with < 5 % normative quartz Nepheline syenite - a silica - undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar Nephelinite - a silica - undersaturated plutonic rock with > 90 % nepheline Norite - a hypersthene - bearing gabbro Obsidian -- Naturally occurring volcanic glass Pegmatite -- Very coarse grained plutonic rock Peridotite -- A coarse - grained ultramafic igneous rock Phonolite - a silica - undersaturated volcanic rock ; essentially similar to nepheline syenite Phonotephrite - a volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite Picrite - an olivine - bearing basalt Porphyry -- Textural form of igneous rock with large grained crystals in a fine matrix Pumice -- Light coloured highly vesicular volcanic glass Pyroxenite - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of > 90 % pyroxene Quartz diorite - a diorite with > 5 % modal quartz Quartz monzonite - an intermediate plutonic rock, essentially a monzonite with 5 - 10 % modal quartz Quartzolite - an intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz Rhyodacite - a felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite Rhyolite -- An igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic ( silica - rich ) composition Comendite -- A hard, peralkaline igneous rock, a type of light blue grey rhyolite Pantellerite -- A peralkaline rhyolite type of volcanic rock Scoria -- Dark vesicular volcanic rock Sovite - a coarse - grained carbonatite rock Syenite - a plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar ; a type of granitoid Tachylyte - essentially a basaltic glass Tephriphonolite - a volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite Tephrite - a silica - undersaturated volcanic rock Tonalite - a plagioclase - dominant granitoid Trachyandesite - an alkaline intermediate volcanic rock Benmoreite - sodic trachyandesite Trachybasalt - a volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte Hawaiite - a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island ( hot spot ) volcanism Trachyte - a silica - undersaturated volcanic rock ; essentially a feldspathoid - bearing rhyolite Troctolite - a plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase Trondhjemite - a form of tonalite where plagioclase - group feldspar is oligoclase Tuff -- Rock consolidated from volcanic ash Websterite - a type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene Wehrlite - an ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene Sedimentary Main article : Sedimentary rock Bituminous coal seam in West Virginia Limey shale overlaid by limestone. Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee Dolomite crystals from Touissite, Morocco Turbidite ( Gorgoglione Flysch ), Miocene, South Italy Argillite -- Sedimentary rock, mostly of indurated clay particles Arkose -- A type of sandstone containing at least 25 % feldspar Banded iron formation -- Distinctive layered units of iron - rich sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age Breccia -- Rock composed of broken fragments cemented by a matrix Calcarenite -- A type of limestone that is composed predominantly of sand - size grains Chalk -- A soft, white, porous sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate Chert -- A hard, fine - grained sedimentary rock composed of crystals of quartz ( silica ) that are very small Claystone - a sedimentary rock formed from clay Coal - a sedimentary rock formed from organic matter Conglomerate - a sedimentary rock composed of large rounded fragments of other rocks Coquina - a sedimentary carbonate rock formed by accumulation of abundant shell fossils and fragments Diamictite - a lithified sedimentary deposit with a wide range of grain sizes Diatomite - sedimentary rock formed from diatom fossils Dolomite or dolostone - a carbonate rock composed of the mineral dolomite + / - calcite Evaporite - chemical sedimentary rock formed by accumulation of minerals after evaporation ; varieties include rock salt ( halitite ) and rock gypsum Flint -- Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz Geyserite - opaline silica deposit formed around hot springs and geysers Greywacke - a type of sandstone with quartz, feldspar and rock fragments within a clay matrix Gritstone - essentially a coarse sandstone formed from small pebbles Itacolumite - porous, yellow - orange sandstone which is flexible if cut into thin strips Jaspillite - an iron - rich chemical sedimentary rock similar to chert or banded iron formation Laterite - residual sedimentary rock formed from a parent rock under tropical conditions Lignite - sedimentary rock composed of 60 % - 70 % organic material ; otherwise known as brown coal Limestone -- Sedimentary rocks made of calcium carbonate Marl -- Lime - rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt Mudstone -- Fine grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds Oil shale -- Organic - rich fine - grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen Oolite -- Sedimentary rock formed from ooids Sandstone -- A clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand - sized particles Shale -- A fine - grained, clastic sedimentary rock Siltstone -- Sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range Sylvinite - sedimentary rock made of a mechanical mixture of the minerals sylvite and halite Tillite - lithified glacial till Travertine -- A form of limestone deposited by mineral springs Tufa - porous limestone formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from ambient temperature water bodies Turbidite -- The geologic deposit of a turbidity current Wackestone - matrix - supported carbonate sedimentary rock. Metamorphic Main article : Metamorphic rock Phyllite Banded gneiss with a dike of granite orthogneiss Marble Quartzite Manhattan Schist, from Southeastern New York Slate Anthracite -- A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster Amphibolite - a metamorphic rock composed primarily of amphibole Blueschist -- A metavolcanic rock that forms by the metamorphism of basalt and rocks with similar composition Cataclasite - a rock formed by faulting Eclogite -- A dense, mafic metamorphic rock Gneiss -- A common high - grade metamorphic rock Granulite -- A class of high - grade medium to coarse grained metamorphic rocks Greenschist - a mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles Hornfels -- A series of contact metamorphic rocks that have been baked and indurated by the heat of intrusive igneous masses Calcflinta - a type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands Litchfieldite - nepheline syenite gneiss Marble - a metamorphosed limestone Migmatite -- A mixture of metamorphic rock and igneous rock Mylonite - a metamorphic rock formed by shearing Metapelite - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay - rich ( siltstone ) sedimentary rock Metapsammite - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz - rich ( sandstone ) sedimentary rock Phyllite - a low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals Pseudotachylite - a glass formed by melting within a fault via friction Quartzite - a metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of > 95 % quartz Schist -- Medium grade metamorphic rock with lamellar grain Serpentinite -- Hydration and metamorphic transformation of igneous rock Skarn -- Hard, coarse - grained, hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks Slate -- A fine - grained, foliated, homogeneous, weakly metamorphic rock - a low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts Suevite - a rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact Talc carbonate - a metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent ; similar to a serpentinite Soapstone - essentially a talc schist Whiteschist - a high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite Specific varieties of rocks The following are terms for rocks that are not petrographically or genetically distinct but are defined according to various other criteria ; most are specific classes of other rocks, or altered versions of existing rocks. Some archaic and vernacular terms for rocks are also included. Adamellite - a variety of quartz monzonite Appinite - a group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende Aphanite -- Igneous rocks which are so fine - grained that their component mineral crystals are not detectable by the unaided eye Borolanite - a variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland Blue Granite -- An igneous rock, specifically a variety of monzonite Epidosite -- A hydrothermally altered epidote and quartz bearing rock Felsite -- A very fine grained felsic volcanic rock that may or may not contain larger crystals Flint -- Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz Ganister -- Hard, fine - grained quartzose sandstone, or orthoquartzite Gossan -- Intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock Hyaloclastite -- A volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia Ijolite -- An igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite Jadeitite -- A metamorphic rock found in blueschist - grade metamorphic terranes Jasperoid - a hematite - silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn Kenyte - a variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya Lapis lazuli - a rock composed of lazurite and other minerals Larvikite -- An igneous rock, specifically a variety of monzonite Litchfieldite - a metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine Llanite - a hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas Luxullianite -- A rare type of granite - a tourmaline - bearing granite with a peculiar texture, occurring at Luxulyan, Cornwall, England Mangerite - a hypersthene - bearing monzonite Minette - a variety of lamprophyre Novaculite - a type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas Pietersite - A breccia composed of both hawk 's eye ( blue ) and tiger eye ( brown ) quartz Pyrolite - a chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth 's upper mantle Rapakivi granite - a granite containing crystals of orthoclase, which are mantled by oligoclase Rhomb porphyry - a type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar Shonkinite - melitilic and kalsititic rocks Taconite - banded iron formation, primarily used in the United States of America Tachylite - basaltic volcanic glass Teschenite - a silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro Theralite - a nepheline gabbro Unakite - an altered granite Variolite - devitrified glass Vogesite - a variety of lamprophyre Wad - rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxide See also List of minerals -- A list of minerals for which there are articles on Wikipedia List of rocks on Mars -- Alphabetical list of named rocks and meteorites found on Mars Rock cycle -- Transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types : sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous List of rock formations : for a list of unusual or culturally significant rock outcrops. Leaverite -- A specimen in the field that may look interesting but is actually not External links British Geological Survey rock classification scheme Igneous rock classification Rock Types Article by Encyclopædia Britannica Classification of common rocks and soils Metamorphic Rock Classification Volcanic rocks Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit Earth sciences portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_rock_types&oldid=866423517 '' Categories : Geology - related lists Petrology Rocks Igneous rocks Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Hidden categories : Articles with short description All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Français Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Lëtzebuergesch मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Tiếng Việt 中文 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2018, at 06 : 54 ( UTC ). 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Question: which rock is a combination of igneous and metamorphic rock
Answer: Migmatite