A Mighty Fortress is our God - wikipedia A Mighty Fortress is our God `` Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott '' Hymn by Martin Luther `` Ein feste Burg '' with Luther 's signature Written c. 1529 ( 1529 ) Text by Martin Luther Language German Based on Psalm 46 Melody `` Ein feste Burg '' by Martin Luther Published c. 1531 ( 1531 ) ( extant ) Audio ( help info ) `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' Written 1853 ( 1853 ) Text by Frederick H. Hedge ( translator ) `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' ( German : `` Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott '' ) is one of the best known hymns by the reformer Martin Luther, a prolific hymnodist. Luther wrote the words and composed the melody sometime between 1527 and 1529. It has been translated into English at least seventy times and also into many other languages. The words are a paraphrase of Psalm 46. Contents 1 History 2 Lyrics 3 Tune 4 Reception 4.1 English translations 4.2 Compositions based on the hymn 5 In popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links 9.1 Other versions History Rare early print `` A Mighty Fortress '' is one of the best loved hymns of the Lutheran tradition and among Protestants more generally. It has been called the `` Battle Hymn of the Reformation '' for the effect it had in increasing the support for the Reformers ' cause. John Julian records four theories of its origin : Heinrich Heine : `` Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott '' was sung by Luther and his companions as they entered Worms on 16 April 1521 for the Diet ; K.F.T. Schneider : it was a tribute to Luther 's friend Leonhard Kaiser, who was executed on 16 August 1527 ; Jean - Henri Merle d'Aubigné : it was sung by the German Lutheran princes as they entered Augsburg for the Diet in 1530 at which the Augsburg Confession was presented ; and the view that it was composed in connection with the 1529 Diet of Speyer at which the German Lutheran princes lodged their protest to Holy Roman Emperor Emperor Charles V, who wanted to enforce his 1521 Edict of Worms. Alternatively, John M. Merriman writes that the hymn `` began as a martial song to inspire soldiers against the Ottoman forces '' during the Ottoman wars in Europe. The earliest extant hymnal in which it appears is that of Andrew Rauscher ( 1531 ), but it is supposed to have been in Joseph Klug 's Wittenberg hymnal of 1529, of which no copy exists. Its title was Der xxxxvi. Psalm. Deus noster refugium et virtus. Before that it is supposed to have appeared in the Hans Weiss Wittenberg hymnal of 1528, also lost. This evidence would support its being written in 1527 -- 1529, since Luther 's hymns were printed shortly after they were written. The song was used like an anthem by Sweden during the Thirty Years ' War. Lyrics Ein feste Burg in the hymnal by Johann Spangenberg ( de ), Magdeburg, 1545 Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, ein gute Wehr und Waffen. Er hilft uns frei aus aller Not, die uns jetzt hat betroffen. Der alt böse Feind mit Ernst er 's jetzt meint, groß Macht und viel List sein grausam Rüstung ist, auf Erd ist nicht seinsgleichen. Mit unsrer Macht ist nichts getan, wir sind gar bald verloren ; es streit ' für uns der rechte Mann, den Gott hat selbst erkoren. Fragst du, wer der ist ? Er heißt Jesus Christ, der Herr Zebaoth, und ist kein andrer Gott, das Feld muss er behalten. Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel wär und wollt uns gar verschlingen, so fürchten wir uns nicht so sehr, es soll uns doch gelingen. Der Fürst dieser Welt, wie sau'r er sich stellt, tut er uns doch nicht ; das macht, er ist gericht ' : ein Wörtlein kann ihn fällen. Das Wort sie sollen lassen stahn und kein ' Dank dazu haben ; er ist bei uns wohl auf dem Plan mit seinem Geist und Gaben. Nehmen sie den Leib, Gut, Ehr, Kind und Weib : lass fahren dahin, sie haben 's kein ' Gewinn, das Reich muss uns doch bleiben. Tune A Mighty Fortress, rhythmic tune A Mighty Fortress, isometric tune Luther composed the melody, named `` Ein feste Burg '' from the text 's first line, in meter 87.87. 55.56. 7. This is sometimes denoted `` rhythmic tune '' to distinguish it from the later isometric variant, in 87.87. 66.66. 7 - meter which is more widely known and used in Christendom. In 1906 Edouard Rœhrich wrote, `` The authentic form of this melody differs very much from that which one sings in most Protestant churches and figures in ( Giacomo Meyerbeer 's ) The Huguenots... The original melody is extremely rhythmic, by the way it bends to all the nuances of the text... '' While 19th - century musicologists disputed Luther 's authorship of the music to the hymn, that opinion has been modified by more recent research ; it is now the consensus view of musical scholars that Luther did indeed compose the famous tune to go with the words. Reception Tradition states that the sixth Lutheran King of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, had it played as his forces went to battle in the Thirty Years ' War. The hymn had been translated into Swedish already in 1536, presumably by Olaus Petri, with the incipit, Vår Gud är oss en väldig borg. In the late 19th century the song also became an anthem of the early Swedish socialist movement. The hymn 's enduring popularity in Western Christendom has breached boundaries set in the Reformation as it is now a suggested hymn for Catholic Masses. It currently appears in the second edition of the Catholic Book of Worship, published by the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, though its adoption is not without controversy. In Germany, `` Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott '' was historically also used as a patriotic paean which is why it was regularly sung at nationalistic events such as the Wartburg Festival in 1817. This patriotic undertone of the hymn emanates from its importance for the Reformation in general which was regarded by the Protestants not only as a religious but as a national movement delivering Germany from Roman oppression. Furthermore, the last line of the fourth stanza of the German text reads : `` Das Reich muss uns doch bleiben '' which is generally translated into English as `` The Kingdom must remain ours '' whilst it may also be interpreted as meaning : the Holy Roman Empire must remain with the Germans. English translations The first English translation is by Myles Coverdale in 1539 with the title, Oure God is a defence and towre. The first English translation in `` common usage '' was God is our Refuge in Distress, Our strong Defence in J.C. Jacobi 's Psal. Ger., 1722, p. 83. An English version less literal in translation but more popular among Protestant denominations outside Lutheranism is A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing, translated by Frederick H. Hedge in 1853 ; this version is the one included in the United Methodist Hymnal. Another popular English translation is by Thomas Carlyle and begins A safe stronghold our God is still. Most North American Lutheran churches have not historically used either the Hedge or Carlyle translations. Traditionally, the most commonly used translation in Lutheran congregations is a composite translation from the 1868 Pennsylvania Lutheran Church Book ( `` A mighty fortress is our God, a trusty shield and weapon '' ). In more recent years a new translation completed for the 1978 Lutheran Book of Worship ( `` A mighty fortress is our God, a sword and shield victorious '' ) has also gained significant popularity. Compositions based on the hymn A Mighty Fortress sung in English A Mighty Fortress is Our God -- F.H. Hedge ( English ) translation Ein feste Burg sung in German The German text of Ein feste Burg sung to the isometric, more widely known arrangement of its traditional melody. Problems playing these files ? See media help. The hymn has been used by numerous composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach as the source for his chorale cantata Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80. Bach set the tune twice in his Choralgesänge ( Choral Hymns ), BWV 302 and BWV 303 ( for four voices ). He used strains of the tune in his Christmas Oratorio. There is a version for organ, Chorale Prelude BWV 720, written by Bach for the organ at Divi Blasii, Muhlhausen. Two orchestrations of Bach 's settings were made by conductors Leopold Stokowski and Walter Damrosch. Dieterich Buxtehude also wrote an organ chorale setting ( BuxWV 184 ), as did Johann Pachelbel. Georg Friedrich Handel used the melody in his Solomon, which is probably wrong attribution. And Georg Philipp Telemann also made a choral arrangement of this hymn. Felix Mendelssohn used it as the theme for the fourth and final movement of his Symphony No. 5, Op. 107 ( 1830 ), which he named Reformation in honor of the Protestant Reformation started by Luther. Joachim Raff wrote an Overture ( for orchestra ), Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, Op. 127. Giacomo Meyerbeer quoted it in his five - act grand opera Les Huguenots ( 1836 ), and Richard Wagner used it as a `` motive '' in his Kaisermarsch ( Emperor 's March ), which was composed to commemorate the return of Kaiser Wilhelm I from the Franco - Prussian War in 1871. Two organ settings were written by Max Reger ; his chorale fantasia Ein ' feste Burg ist unser Gott, Op. 27, and a much shorter chorale prelude as No. 6 of his 52 Chorale Preludes, Op. 67 in 1902. Claude Debussy quoted the theme in his suite for piano duet, En blanc et noir. Alexander Glazunov quoted the melody in his Finnish Fantasy, op. 88, along with several Finnish folk tunes. Ralph Vaughan Williams used the tune in his score for the film 49th Parallel, used most obviously when the German U-boat surfaces in Hudson Bay shortly after the beginning of the film. Flor Peeters wrote an organ chorale setting `` Ein feste Burg '' as part of his Ten Chorale Preludes, Op. 69, published in 1949. More recently it has been used by band composers to great effect in pieces such as Psalm 46 by John Zdechlik and The Holy War by Ray Steadman - Allen. The hymn also features in Luther, an opera by Kari Tikka that premiered in 2000. The tune of ' A Mighty Fortress ' is used behind the Auckland Grammar School song in New Zealand. In popular culture This section gives self - sourcing examples without describing their significance in the context of the article. ( September 2017 ) In The Simpsons episode, Brother Can You Spare Two Dimes ? Ned Flanders ' doorbell plays the opening notes of the song. The hymn was sung at the National Cathedral during the funeral service for United States President Dwight Eisenhower. It was also used at the funerals of Thurgood Marshall and Ron Brown, and at the Prayer Service held at the National Cathedral on 14 September 2001. Michael Haneke 's film The White Ribbon ( 2009 ) concludes with a church service at which a children 's choir sings `` A Mighty Fortress. '' A version of `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' was used as the theme for the children 's television series Davey and Goliath, which was produced for the Lutheran Church in America. `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' is the first song that the main character of Ralph Ellison 's Invisible Man encounters, chronologically within his own life. A Mighty Fortress is a supplement for the Dungeons & Dragons tabletop role - playing game ; this supplement depicted the Renaissance and wars of religion as a campaign setting for this role - playing game. The WB series The Gilmore Girls features this hymn in an episode of the series ' third season, when Zach, Brian and Dave are practicing for a gig at Mrs. Kim 's house. The band re-writes the hymn after Zach protests the lyrics. A Mighty Fortress is David Weber 's fourth novel in the Safehold series, which deals with a future world of Earth refugees controlled by a repressive religion that curtails innovation and forbids new technology. In the 1974 Polish film Potop, the chorale is heard as the Swedish forces are wheeling the large cannon to the siege of the monastery of Jasna Gora. The successful defense of the monastery during the Swedish Deluge is one of the most well known events in Polish military history. Polish Protestants took offense at the scene, since no evidence exist that the Swedish ( largely Protestant ) forces actually sang the hymn during the assault, and the causes of the Polish - Swedish War of 1655 - 1660, were political, not religious. See also List of hymns by Martin Luther References ^ Jump up to : Julian, John, ed., A Dictionary of Hymnology : Setting forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of all Ages and Nations, Second revised edition, 2 vols., n.p., 1907, reprint, New York : Dover Publications, Inc., 1957, 1 : 322 -- 25 Jump up ^ W.G. Polack, The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal, Third and Revised Edition ( St. Louis : Concordia Publishing House, 1958 ), 193, No. 262. ^ Jump up to : Marilyn Kay Stulken, Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship ( Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1981 ), 307 -- 08, nos. 228 -- 229. Jump up ^ Merriman, John ( 2010 ). A History of Modern Europe : From the Renaissance to the Age of Napoleon. 1 ( 3 ed. ). New York : W.W. Norton & Company. p. 101. ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 93384 - 0. Jump up ^ Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut Lehmann, eds., Luther 's Works, 55 vols. ( St. Louis : Concordia Publishing House ; Minneapolis : Fortress Press, 1957 -- 1986 ), 53 : 283. Jump up ^ Cf. The Commission on Worship of the Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod, Lutheran Worship, ( St. Louis : CPH, 1982 ), 992, 997. Jump up ^ E. Rœhrich, Les Origines du Choral Luthérien. ( Paris : Librairie Fischbacher, 1906 ), 23 ( italics original ) : `` La forme authentique de cette mélodie diffère beaucoup de celle qu'on chante dans la plupart des Églises protestantes et qui figure dans les Huguenots ''... La mélodie originelle est puissamment rythmée, de manière à se plier à toutes les nuances du texte... '' Jump up ^ Psalmer och sånger ( Örebro : Libris ; Stockholm : Verbum, 1987 ), Item 237, which uses Johan Olof Wallin 's 1816 revision of the translation attributed to Petri. The first line is `` Vår Gud är oss en väldig borg. '' Jump up ^ Cantica Nova Jump up ^ Lutherchoral `` Ein feste Burg `` -- Religion, Nation, Krieg, auf : luther2017.de Archived 26 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ James R. Payton Jr., Getting the Reformation Wrong. Correcting Some Misunderstandings, page 82. Jump up ^ Not in Handels Solomon ( 1749 ) : J.E. Gardiner, in his liner notes to his 1984 recording of the oratorio, stated the usage of the melody in No. 56, the double chorus ' Praise the Lord '. It is however another melody by Martin Luther : a passage from the Sanctus of the German Mass ( Deutsche Messe ) `` Holy is God, the Lord Zebaoth '' ( `` Heilig ist Gott, der Herre Zabaoth '' ) See also http://www.credenda.org/archive/issues/15-2musica.php Jump up ^ Luther : An opera about a man between God and the Devil -- Composed by Kari Tikka at www.kolumbus.fi Jump up ^ Volker Tarnow. `` Luther lebt : Deutsche Momente '' in Die Welt, 5 October 2004 Jump up ^ 8F23 Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes ? Jump up ^ Cyber hymnal : `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' Archived 22 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Bibliography Commission on Worship of the Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod. Lutheran Worship. St. Louis : Concordia Publishing House, 1982. ISBN Julian, John, ed. A Dictionary of Hymnology : Setting forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of all Ages and Nations. Second revised edition. 2 vols. n.p., 1907. Reprint, New York : Dover Publications, Inc., 1957. Pelikan, Jaroslav and Lehmann, Helmut, eds. Luther 's Works. Vol. 53, Liturgy and Hymns. St. Louis, Concordia Publishing House, 1965. ISBN 0 - 8006 - 0353 - 2. Polack, W.G. The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal. St. Louis : Concordia Publishing House, 1942. Rœhrich, E. Les Origines du Choral Luthérien. Paris : Librairie Fischbacher, 1906. Stulken, Marilyn Kay. Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship. Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1981. External links German Wikisource has original text related to this article : Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott Wikisource has original text related to this article : F.H. Hedge translation Wikisource has original text related to this article : 1868 Pennsylvania Lutheran Church Book Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott. Lyrics, Music, and MIDI file at Cyber Hymnal Version by Thomas Carlyle Psalm 46 in the King James version Psalms 46 -- 50 in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer translation ( Coverdale ) `` Ein feste Burg '' sung by Austria 's Daniela Stieb ( in German ) A Mighty Fortress is Our God public domain audiobook at LibriVox Other versions Catherine Winkworth Contemporary version / adaptation based on Juan Bautista Cabrera 's classic Spanish translation Martin Luther Works ( hymns ) Ninety - five Theses ( 1517 ) Sermon on Indulgences and Grace ( 1518 ) To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation ( 1520 ) On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church ( 1520 ) On the Freedom of a Christian ( 1520 ) Against Henry, King of the English ( 1522 ) Luther Bible ( 1522, 1534 ) The Adoration of the Sacrament ( 1523 ) Formula missae ( 1523 ) Hymns First Lutheran hymnal ( 1524 ) Erfurt Enchiridion ( 1524 ) Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn ( 1524 Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants ( 1525 ) On the Bondage of the Will ( 1525 ) The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ -- Against the Fanatics ( 1526 ) Deutsche Messe ( 1526 ) Confession Concerning Christ 's Supper ( 1528 ) On War Against the Turk ( 1529 ) Small Catechism ( 1529 ) Large Catechism ( 1529 ) `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' ( 1531 ) Smalcald Articles ( 1537 ) On the Councils and the Church ( 1539 ) `` Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam '' ( 1543 ) On the Jews and Their Lies ( 1543 ) Vom Schem Hamphoras ( 1543 ) List of hymns by Martin Luther Luther 's Table Talk ( 1566 ) Weimar edition of Luther 's works Topics and events Reformation Lutheranism Heidelberg Disputation, 1518 Leipzig Debate, 1519 Exsurge Domine, 1520 Diet of Worms, 1521 Decet Romanum Pontificem, 1521 Marburg Colloquy, 1529 Augsburg Confession, 1530 Luther 's canon Theology of Martin Luther Theology of the Cross Universal priesthood Sola scriptura Two kingdoms Law and Gospel Marian theology Eucharist in Lutheranism Sacramental union Words of Institution Antisemitism Propaganda during the Reformation Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo ( 1537 edition ) People Hans and Margarethe Luther ( parents ) Katharina von Bora ( wife ) Magdalena Luther ( daughter ) Paul Luther ( son ) Albert of Brandenburg Bartholomaeus Arnoldi Erasmus Georg Rörer Johann Cochlaeus Johann von Staupitz Justus Jonas Karl von Miltitz Andreas Karlstadt Philip Melanchthon Pope Leo X Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick the Wise Luther sites All Saints ' Church, Wittenberg Lutherhaus Martin Luther 's Birth House Martin Luther 's Death House Melanchthonhaus ( Wittenberg ) St. Augustine 's Monastery Veste Coburg ( Fortress ) Wartburg Castle Film and theatre Martin Luther ( 1923 film ) Luther ( 1928 film ) Luther ( 1964 film ) Martin Luther ( 1953 film ) Luther ( 1973 film ) Martin Luther, Heretic ( 1983 film ) Luther ( 2003 film ) Luther ( 1961 play ) Related Martin Luther bibliography Book : Martin Luther Luther rose Theologia Germanica Lutheran hymnody Hymns List of hymns by Martin Luther Passion Hymns `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' `` Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein '' `` Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid '' `` Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr '' `` Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir '' `` Christ lag in Todesbanden '' `` Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam '' `` Christe, du Lamm Gottes '' `` Die beste Zeit im Jahr ist mein '' `` Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot '' `` Du meine Seele singe '' `` Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort '' `` Es ist das Heil uns kommen her '' `` Es ist ein Ros entsprungen '' `` Es woll uns Gott genädig sein '' `` Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud '' `` Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ '' `` God 's Word Is Our Great Heritage '' `` Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn '' `` Herr Gott, dich loben wir '' `` Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend '' `` Herr Jesu Christ, wahr Mensch und Gott '' `` Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr '' `` Herzlich tut mich verlangen '' `` Herzliebster Jesu '' `` Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn '' `` Ich singe dir mit Herz und Mund '' `` Jesus Christus, unser Heiland, der den Tod überwand '' `` Jesus Christus, unser Heiland, der von uns den Gotteszorn wandt '' `` Jesus Loves Me '' `` Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott '' `` Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin '' `` Mitten wir im Leben sind '' `` Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist '' `` Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland '' `` Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren '' `` Now Thank We All Our God '' `` O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig '' `` O Sacred Head, Now Wounded '' `` O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben '' `` Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele '' `` Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn '' `` Such, wer da will, ein ander Ziel '' `` Valet will ich dir geben '' `` Vater unser im Himmelreich '' `` Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme '' `` Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit '' `` Warum sollt ich mich denn grämen '' `` Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern '' `` Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält '' `` Was willst du dich betrüben '' Hymnals First Lutheran hymnal ( 1524 ) Erfurt Enchiridion ( 1524 ) Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn ( 1524 ) Praxis pietatis melica ( 1640 / 47 ) Evangelisches Gesangbuch Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary Evangelical Lutheran Worship Hymns of Zion Lutheran Book of Worship Lutheran Hymnal Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement Christian Worship Hymnal Lutheran Service Book Lutheran Worship Service Book and Hymnal Lutheran hymnal ( Finland ) Topics Cantata Chorale Chorale cantata ( Bach ) Chorale prelude Hymn of the day Passion music People Johann Sebastian Bach Dieterich Buxtehude Elisabeth Cruciger Johann Crüger Simon Dach Paul Gerhardt Bartholomäus Gesius N.F.S. Grundtvig Claus Harms Johann Heermann Valerius Herberger Nikolaus Herman Sebald Heyden Justus Jonas Balthasar Kindermann Martin Luther Hemminki of Masku Felix Mendelssohn Philipp Nicolai Johann Pachelbel Hallgrímur Pétursson Michael Praetorius Sigfrid Karg - Elert Christian Heinrich Postel Martin Rinkart Johann von Rist Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer Carl Schalk Cyriakus Schneegass Heinrich Schütz Paul Speratus Melchior Teschner N. Samuel of Tranquebar Jaroslav Vajda Johann Walter Michael Weiße Catherine Winkworth Johannes Zahn Christian music portal Lutheranism portal GND : 4327122 - 4 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Mighty_Fortress_Is_Our_God&oldid=800638613 '' Categories : 16th century in music German Christian hymns Lutheran hymns Hymn tunes Works by Martin Luther German patriotic songs Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from April 2015 Articles with hAudio microformats Interlanguage link template link number All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013 Articles needing additional references from September 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles using small message boxes Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Afrikaans Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Français Italiano Magyar 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 14 September 2017, at 19 : 53. 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Question: who wrote the song a mighty fortress is our god
Answer: Martin Luther