United states presidential Election, 2016 - wikipedia United states presidential Election, 2016 For related races, see United States elections, 2016. United States presidential election, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 55.7 % 0.8 pp Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 304 227 States carried 30 + ME - 02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,984,828 65,853,514 Percentage 7001461000000000000 ♠ 46.1 % 7001482000000000000 ♠ 48.2 % Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump / Pence, blue denotes those won by Clinton / Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state. Faithless votes : Colin Powell 3 ( WA ), John Kasich 1 ( TX ), Ron Paul 1 ( TX ), Bernie Sanders 1 ( HI ), Faith Spotted Eagle 1 ( WA ) President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican 2016 U.S. presidential election Timeline General election debates Parties Polling national statewide by demographics international Newspaper endorsements primary general Russian interference Social media International reactions Electors Recounts Faithless electors Republican Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Polling national statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Democratic Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Polling national statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Superdelegates Third parties Third party and independent candidates Libertarian Party primaries debates nominee convention Green Party primaries debates nominee convention Constitution Party primaries nominee Independents McMullin Related races House Senate Governors Vice President Democratic Republican 2012 ← 2016 → 2020 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. In a surprise victory, the Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine despite losing the popular vote. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20, 2017. Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment. Concurrent with the presidential election, Senate, House, and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8. Clinton secured the Democratic nomination after fending off a strong primary challenge from Senator Bernie Sanders. Amidst a wide Republican field, Trump emerged as the front - runner, defeating Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, John Kasich, Jeb Bush and other candidates. Clinton ran on a platform of continuing and expanding President Obama 's policies, emphasizing issues of racial, LGBT, and women 's rights, and `` inclusive capitalism '' ; whereas Trump promised to `` Make America Great Again '' by implementing a populist and nationalist agenda, opposing political correctness, illegal immigration, and many free - trade agreements. The tone of the general election campaign was widely characterized as divisive and negative, with both candidates beleaguered by controversy. Trump made numerous controversial remarks about race and immigration, was accused of inciting violence against protestors at his rallies, and faced multiple allegations of sexual misconduct ( which he denied ), but was also able to garner extensive free media coverage. Clinton, whose public approval ratings had declined sharply since the end of her tenure as Secretary of State, was dogged by an FBI investigation of her improper use of a private email server, while her assertion that `` half '' of Trump 's supporters were bigoted `` deplorables '' met with polarized reactions. Clinton held the lead in nearly every pre-election nationwide poll and in most swing state polls. Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state, in most cases by `` winner - takes - all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19, 2016. While Clinton received over 2.8 million more votes nationwide, a margin of 2.1 %, Trump won 30 states with a total of 306 electors, or 57 % of the 538 available. He won two perennial swing states which typically decide an election, in Florida and Ohio. Trump also won three `` blue wall '' stronghold states that had not gone Republican since the 1980s : Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. He also won Maine 's 2nd congressional district, which had also not been won by a Republican presidential candidate since 1988. Leading up to the election, a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts. After his victory was assured, some commentators compared the election to President Harry S. Truman 's victorious campaign in 1948 as one of the greatest political upsets in modern American history. In the Electoral College vote on December 19, seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227, while Colin Powell won three, and John Kasich, Ron Paul, Bernie Sanders, and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one. Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote. He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military, as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration, while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major American party and the first woman to win the popular vote. On January 6, 2017, the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government had interfered in the 2016 United States elections. A joint U.S. intelligence community review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency. '' President Trump repeatedly criticized these intelligence claims, citing a lack of evidence and calling the issue a `` hoax '' and `` fake news ''. Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Senate Intelligence Committee, and the House Intelligence Committee. Former FBI Director Robert Mueller was appointed as special counsel in May 2017 by Acting Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to oversee the ongoing investigation into `` any links and / or coordination '' between the Trump campaign and the Russian government in its election interference, and any related illegal acts. Contents 1 Background 2 Primary process 3 Nominations 3.1 Republican Party 3.1. 1 Primaries 3.1. 2 Nominees 3.1. 3 Other major candidates 3.1. 4 Vice presidential selection 3.2 Democratic Party 3.2. 1 Primaries 3.2. 2 Nominees 3.2. 3 Other major candidates 3.2. 4 Vice presidential selection 3.3 Third parties and independents 3.3. 1 Libertarian Party 3.3. 2 Green Party 3.3. 3 Independent 3.3. 4 Constitution Party 3.3. 5 Other nominations 3.3. 6 Candidates gallery 4 General election campaign 4.1 Ballot access 4.2 Party conventions 4.3 Campaign finance 4.4 Newspaper endorsements 4.5 Russian involvement 5 Notable expressions, phrases, and statements 6 Debates 6.1 Primary election debates 6.2 General election debates 7 Results 7.1 Candidates table 7.2 Results by state 7.3 Close races 7.3. 1 Breakdown by ticket 7.4 Battleground states 7.5 Maps 7.6 Voter demographics 7.7 Forecasting 7.8 Viewership 8 Post-election events and controversies 8.1 Protests 8.2 Vote tampering concerns 8.3 Recount petitions 8.4 Electoral College lobbying 8.5 Faithless electors 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links Background Barack Obama, the incumbent President of the United States in 2016, whose second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017 Further information : United States presidential election Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that the President and Vice President of the United States must be natural - born citizens of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties, in which case each party devises a method ( such as a primary election ) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party 's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party 's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College ; these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President. President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the restrictions of the Twenty - second Amendment ; in accordance with Section 1 of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expired at noon on January 20, 2017. Primary process The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party 's nominating convention, who in turn elected their party 's presidential nominee. Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election. On the same day, Politico released an article predicting the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, while a New York Times article named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey as potential candidates. Nominations Republican Party This article is part of a series about Donald Trump President of the United States Incumbent Presidency Transition Inauguration First 100 days Timeline Executive actions proclamations pardons Polls Protests Trips 2017 2018 international Riyadh summit Singapore summit Helsinki summit Appointments Cabinet formation Ambassadors Federal judges Gorsuch Kavanaugh Supreme Court candidates U.S. Attorneys Dismissals Yates Flynn Comey Tillerson McMaster Pruitt Policies Economy tax cuts tariffs China trade war Environment Paris withdrawal Foreign policy Immigration Social issues cannabis Presidential election 2016 campaign 2000 2020 Rallies Primaries Convention Endorsements Debates Never Trump list Sexual misconduct allegations Access Hollywood tape Controversies involving Russia Business projects in Russia Election interference timeline Links of associates with Russian officials Meetings with Russians Steele dossier Classified information disclosure Special Counsel investigation 2017 2018 Business and personal Business career The Trump Organization The Apprentice Books Eponyms Family Foundation Golf Health Honors Legal affairs Stormy Daniels scandal Racial views Residences Social media Primaries Main article : Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016 With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with Ted Cruz on March 23, 2015, this was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history. Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham, and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1, 2016, the first of four `` Super Tuesday '' primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texas and Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later. On March 15, 2016, the second `` Super Tuesday '', Kasich won his only contest in his home state of Ohio and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state. Between March 16 and May 3, 2016, only three candidates remained in the race : Trump, Cruz and Kasich. Cruz won the most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April, followed by a decisive victory in Indiana on May 3, 2016, securing all 57 of the state 's delegates. Without any further chances of forcing a contested convention, both Cruz and Kasich suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus on the evening of May 3, 2016. Nominees Republican Party ticket, 2016 Donald Trump Mike Pence for President for Vice President Chairman of The Trump Organization ( 1971 -- 2017 ) 50th Governor of Indiana ( 2013 -- 2017 ) Campaign Other major candidates Main article : Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016 Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings. Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest. Candidates in this section are sorted by reverse date of withdrawal from the primaries John Kasich Ted Cruz Marco Rubio Ben Carson Jeb Bush Jim Gilmore Carly Fiorina Chris Christie 69th Governor of Ohio ( 2011 -- present ) U.S. Senator from Texas ( 2013 -- present ) U.S. Senator from Florida ( 2011 -- present ) Dir. of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital ( 1984 -- 2013 ) 43rd Governor of Florida ( 1999 -- 2007 ) 68th Governor of Virginia ( 1998 -- 2002 ) CEO of Hewlett - Packard ( 1999 -- 2005 ) 55th Governor of New Jersey ( 2010 -- 2018 ) Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign W : May 4 4,287,479 votes W : May 3 7,811,110 votes W : Mar 15 3,514,124 votes W : Mar 4 857,009 votes W : Feb 20 286,634 votes W : Feb 12 18,364 votes W : Feb 10 40,577 votes W : Feb 10 57,634 votes Rand Paul Rick Santorum Mike Huckabee George Pataki Lindsey Graham Bobby Jindal Scott Walker Rick Perry U.S. Senator from Kentucky ( 2011 -- present ) U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania ( 1995 -- 2007 ) 44th Governor of Arkansas ( 1996 -- 2007 ) 53rd Governor of New York ( 1995 -- 2006 ) U.S. Senator from South Carolina ( 2003 -- present ) 55th Governor of Louisiana ( 2008 -- 2016 ) 45th Governor of Wisconsin ( 2011 -- present ) 47th Governor of Texas ( 2000 -- 2015 ) Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign W : Feb 3 66,781 votes W : Feb 3 16,622 votes W : Feb 1 51,436 votes W : December 29, 2015 2,036 votes W : December 21, 2015 5,666 votes W : November 17, 2015 222 votes W : September 21, 2015 1 write - in vote in New Hampshire W : September 11, 2015 1 write - in vote in New Hampshire Vice presidential selection Main article : Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2016 Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4, 2016. In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that the Trump campaign was considering New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich from Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin. A June 30 report from The Washington Post also included Senators Bob Corker from Tennessee, Richard Burr from North Carolina, Tom Cotton from Arkansas, Joni Ernst from Iowa, and Indiana Governor Mike Pence as individuals still being considered for the ticket. Trump also stated that he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn. In July 2016, it was reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three : Christie, Gingrich, and Pence. On July 14, 2016, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message on Twitter on July 15, 2016, and formally made the announcement the following day in New York. On July 19, the second night of the 2016 Republican National Convention, Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation. Democratic Party This article is part of a series about Hillary Clinton Political positions Electoral history Clinton Foundation State Department controversy Onward Together U.S. Secretary of State Tenure Obama 's foreign policy QDDR Email controversy Hillary Doctrine Campaign for the presidency 2016 Primaries Convention Endorsements political non-political Campaign for the presidency 2008 Primaries Endorsements U.S. Senator from New York Tenure 2000 election 2006 re-election First Lady of the United States Role Health care plan SCHIP Whitewater and other investigations Response to Lewinsky scandal Awards and honors Books Primaries Main article : Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016 Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the First Lady of the United States, became the first woman to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency. Clinton made the announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message. While nationwide opinion polls in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the front - runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced extreme challenges from Independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, 2015, that he was running for the Democratic nomination. September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders. On May 30, 2015, former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race, followed by former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee on June 3, 2015, former Virginia Senator Jim Webb on July 2, 2015, and former Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig on September 6, 2015. On October 20, 2015, Webb announced his withdrawal from the Democratic primaries, and explored a potential Independent run. The next day Vice-President Joe Biden decided not to run, ending months of speculation, stating, `` While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent. '' On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for `` an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity ''. On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC - sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrew as well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders. On February 1, 2016, in an extremely close contest, Clinton won the Iowa caucuses by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Sanders bounced back to win the New Hampshire primary with 60 % of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the Nevada caucuses with 53 % of the vote and scored a decisive victory in the South Carolina primary with 73 % of the vote. On March 1, 11 states participated in the first of four `` Super Tuesday '' primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won Colorado, Minnesota, Oklahoma and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in Kansas, Nebraska and Maine with 15 -- 30 - point margins, while Clinton won the Louisiana primary with 71 % of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the Michigan primary, Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83 % of the vote in Mississippi. On March 15, the second `` Super Tuesday '', Clinton won in Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina and Ohio. Between March 22 and April 9, Sanders won six caucuses in Idaho, Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington and Wyoming, as well as the Wisconsin primary, while Clinton won the Arizona primary. On April 19, Clinton won the New York primary with 58 % of the vote. On April 26, in the third `` Super Tuesday '' dubbed the `` Acela primary '', she won contests in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania, while Sanders won in Rhode Island. Over the course of May, Sanders accomplished another surprise win in the Indiana primary and also won in West Virginia and Oregon, while Clinton won the Guam caucus and Kentucky primary. On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two victories in the Virgin Islands caucus and Puerto Rico primary. On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and superdelegates, to secure the nomination, becoming the first woman to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major United States political party. On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota, while Sanders only won in Montana and North Dakota. Clinton also won the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates ( 54 % of the total ) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, while Sanders had won 1,847 ( 46 % ). Out of the 714 unpledged delegates or `` superdelegates '' who were set to vote in the convention in July, Clinton received endorsements from 560 ( 78 % ), while Sanders received 47 ( 7 % ). Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, 2016, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election. On July 8, appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party 's platform. On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in New Hampshire in which he appeared with her. Nominees Democratic Party ticket, 2016 Hillary Clinton Tim Kaine for President for Vice President 67th U.S. Secretary of State ( 2009 -- 2013 ) U.S. Senator from Virginia ( 2013 -- present ) Campaign Other major candidates Main article : Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016 The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules were changed which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates. Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary. Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries Bernie Sanders Martin O'Malley Lawrence Lessig Lincoln Chafee Jim Webb U.S. Senator from Vermont ( 2007 -- present ) 61st Governor of Maryland ( 2007 -- 2015 ) Harvard Law professor ( 2009 -- 2016 ) 74th Governor of Rhode Island ( 2011 -- 2015 ) U.S. Senator from Virginia ( 2007 -- 2013 ) Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign LN : July 26, 2016 13,167,848 votes W : February 1, 2016 110,423 votes W : November 2, 2015 4 write - in votes in New Hampshire W : October 23, 2015 0 votes W : October 20, 2015 2 write - in votes in New Hampshire Vice presidential selection Main article : Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2016 In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries. In mid-June, The Wall Street Journal reported that Clinton 's shortlist included Representative Xavier Becerra from California, Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey, Senator Sherrod Brown from Ohio, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro from Texas, Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti from California, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, Labor Secretary Tom Perez from Maryland, Representative Tim Ryan from Ohio, and Senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts. Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, retired Admiral James Stavridis, and Governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado. In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton stated that the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president. On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate. The delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, which took place July 25 -- 28, formally nominated the Democratic ticket. Third parties and independents Campaign signs of third - party candidates Jill Stein and Gary Johnson, October 2016 in St. Johnsbury, Vermont Third party and independent candidates that have obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally and one percent of the vote in at least one state, are listed separately. Libertarian Party Main articles : Libertarian Party ( United States ) and Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016 Gary Johnson, 29th Governor of New Mexico. Vice-presidential nominee : Bill Weld, 68th Governor of Massachusetts Gary Johnson, Libertarian Party This article is part of a series about Gary Johnson Political positions Governor of New Mexico 1994 election 1998 re-election Campaign for the Presidency 2012 2012 Libertarian Convention Campaign for the Presidency 2016 2016 Libertarian Convention Primaries Campaign endorsements Our America Initiative This article is part of a series about Bill Weld Political ideology Libertarian Party Vice presidential nomination Convention Primaries Election 2016 New York gubernatorial campaign U.S. Senate campaign Governor of Massachusetts 1990 election 1994 re-election U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts Additional Party Endorsements : Independence Party of New York Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes Nominees Libertarian Party ticket, 2016 Gary Johnson William Weld for President for Vice President 29th Governor of New Mexico ( 1995 -- 2003 ) 68th Governor of Massachusetts ( 1991 -- 1997 ) Campaign Green Party Main articles : Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016 Jill Stein, physician from Lexington, Massachusetts. Vice-presidential nominee : Ajamu Baraka, activist from Washington, DC Jill Stein, Green Party This article is part of a series about Jill Stein Political positions Green New Deal Campaign for the Presidency 2016 Convention Primaries Campaign endorsements Election recounts Campaign for the Presidency 2012 Convention Primaries Political Parties Green - Rainbow Party Green Party of the United States Career Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2010 Ballot access to 480 electoral votes ( 522 with write - in ) : -- map As write - in : Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina Ballot access lawsuit pending : Oklahoma No ballot access : Nevada, South Dakota Nominees Green Party ticket, 2016 Jill Stein Ajamu Baraka for President for Vice President Physician from Lexington, Massachusetts Activist from Washington, DC Campaign Independent Main article : Evan McMullin presidential campaign, 2016 Evan McMullin, chief policy director for the House Republican Conference. Vice-presidential nominee : Mindy Finn, president of Empowered Women. Evan McMullin, Independent Additional Party Endorsement : Independence Party of Minnesota, South Carolina Independence Party Ballot access to 84 electoral votes ( 451 with write - in ) : -- map As write - in : Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin No ballot access : District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming In some states, Evan McMullin 's running mate was listed as Nathan Johnson on the ballot rather than Mindy Finn, although Nathan Johnson was intended to only be a placeholder until an actual running mate was chosen. Independent ticket, 2016 Evan McMullin Mindy Finn for President for Vice President Chief policy director for the House Republican Conference ( 2015 -- 2016 ) President of Empowered Women ( 2015 -- present ) Campaign Constitution Party Main articles : Constitution Party of the United States and Constitution Party presidential primaries, 2016 Darrell Castle, attorney from Memphis, Tennessee. Vice-presidential nominee : Scott Bradley, businessman from Utah Darrell Castle, Constitution Party Ballot access to 207 electoral votes ( 451 with write - in ) : -- map As write - in : Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia No ballot access : California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma Nominees Constitution Party ticket, 2016 Darrell Castle Scott Bradley for President for Vice President Attorney from Memphis, Tennessee Businessman from Utah Campaign Other nominations Main article : United States third - party and independent presidential candidates, 2016 Other nominations Party Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Attainable Electors ( write - in ) Popular Vote States with ballot access ( write - in ) American Delta Party Reform Party Rocky De La Fuente Businessman from California Michael Steinberg Lawyer from Florida 147 ( 305 ) map 33,133 ( 0.02 % ) Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming ( Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia ) Party for Socialism and Liberation Peace and Freedom Liberty Union Party Gloria La Riva Newspaper printer and activist from California Eugene Puryear Activist from Washington, DC 112 ( 226 ) map 74,402 ( 0.05 % ) California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington ( Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia ) Socialist Workers Party Alyson Kennedy Mineworker and Labor Leader from Illinois Osborne Hart of Pennsylvania 70 ( 123 ) map 12,465 ( 0.01 % ) Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Washington ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Workers World Party Monica Moorehead perennial candidate and political activist from Alabama Lamont Lilly of North Carolina 30 ( 235 ) map 4,319 ( 0.00 % ) New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin ( Alabama, Indiana, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New, York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia ) Socialist Party USA Natural Law Party Mimi Soltysik former National Co-Chair of the Socialist Party USA from California Campaign Angela Nicole Walker of Wisconsin 25 ( 209 ) map 2,704 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado, Michigan, Guam ( Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin ) Prohibition Party James Hedges former Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania Bill Bayes of Mississippi 21 ( 116 ) map 5,617 ( 0.00 % ) Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi ( Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia ) Independent Mike Smith Lawyer, Colorado Daniel White 20 ( 222 ) 9,345 ( 0.01 % ) Colorado, Tennessee ( Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. West Virginia ) Independent Richard Duncan Real Estate Agent from Ohio Ricky Johnson Preacher from Pennsylvania 18 ( 173 ) 24,307 ( 0.02 % ) Ohio ( Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia ) Independent Laurence Kotlikoff Economics Professor at Boston University, Massachusetts Edward E. Leamer Economics Professor at UCLA, California 17 ( 428 ) map 3,596 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado, Louisiana ( Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin ) America 's Party Tom Hoefling activist from Iowa Steve Schulin of South Carolina 17 ( 369 ) map 4,845 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado, Louisiana ( Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin ) Veterans Party of America Chris Keniston reliability engineer from Texas Deacon Taylor of Nevada 17 ( 196 ) map 7,248 ( 0.01 % ) Colorado, Louisiana ( Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin ) Legal Marijuana Now Party Dan Vacek of Minnesota Mark Elworth Jr. of Nebraska 16 ( 77 ) 13,537 ( 0.01 % ) Iowa, Minnesota ( Alabama, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Independent Lynn Kahn Doctor of Clinical Psychology from Maryland Kathleen Monahan of Florida 12 ( 160 ) 5,730 ( 0.00 % ) Arkansas, Iowa ( Alabama, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia ) American Solidarity Party Mike Maturen sales professional and magician from Michigan Juan Muñoz of Texas 9 ( 332 ) map 6,714 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Alaska, California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin ) Independent Joseph Allen Maldonado of Oklahoma Douglas K. Terranova 9 ( 212 ) 961 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin ) Independent Ryan Alan Scott Bruce Kendall Barnard 9 ( 108 ) 749 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) American Party ( South Carolina ) Peter Skewes Animal Science Professor at Clemson University, South Carolina Michael Lacy 9 ( 83 ) 3,246 ( 0.00 % ) South Carolina ( Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Approval Voting Party Frank Atwood of Colorado Blake Huber of Colorado 9 ( 76 ) 337 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Independent American Party Kyle Kenley Kopitke of Michigan Narthan R. Sorenson 9 ( 76 ) 1,096 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Nutrition Party Rod Silva restaurateur from New Jersey Richard Silva 9 ( 76 ) 751 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) United States Pacifist Party Bradford Lyttle peace activist from Illinois Hannah Walsh 9 ( 76 ) 382 ( 0.00 % ) Colorado ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Socialist Equality Party Jerry White peace activist from Michigan Niles Niemuth journalist from Wisconsin 8 ( 166 ) 481 ( 0.00 % ) Louisiana ( Alabama, California, Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia ) Independent Princess Khadijah Jacob - Fambro of California Milton Fambro of California 8 ( 75 ) 749 ( 0.00 % ) Louisiana ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Independent American Party Rocky Giordani from California Farley Anderson activist from Utah 6 ( 79 ) 2,752 ( 0.00 % ) Utah ( Alabama, Iowa, Kansas, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Constitution Party of Idaho Scott Copeland of Texas J.R. Meyers ( 71 ) 2,356 ( 0.00 % ) Idaho ( Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont ) Candidates gallery Gary Johnson Libertarian Party ( campaign ) Jill Stein Green Party ( campaign ) Evan McMullin Independent ( campaign ) Darrell Castle Constitution Party ( campaign ) General Election campaign A general election ballot, listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates. Hillary Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women 's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the Affordable Care Act. In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan basing her economic philosophy on inclusive capitalism, which proposed a `` clawback '' which would rescind tax relief and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas ; with provision of incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short - term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders ; as well as increasing collective bargaining rights ; and placing an `` exit tax '' on companies that move their headquarters out of America in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas. Clinton promoted equal pay for equal work to address current alleged shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do, promoted explicitly focus on family issues and support of universal preschool, expressed support for the right to same - sex marriage, and proposed allowing undocumented immigrants to have a path to citizenship stating that it `` ( i ) s at its heart a family issue. '' Donald Trump 's campaign drew heavily on his personal image, enhanced by his previous media exposure. The primary slogan of the Trump campaign, extensively used on campaign merchandise, was Make America Great Again. The red baseball cap with the slogan emblazoned on the front became a symbol of the campaign, and has been frequently donned by Trump and his supporters. Trump 's right - wing populist positions -- reported by The New Yorker to be nativist, protectionist, and semi-isolationist -- differ in many ways from traditional conservatism. He opposed many free trade deals and military interventionist policies that conservatives generally support, and opposed cuts in Medicare and Social Security benefits. Moreover, he has insisted that Washington is `` broken '' and can only be fixed by an outsider. Trump support was high among working and middle - class white male voters with annual incomes of less than $50,000 and no college degree. This group, particularly those with less than a high - school education, suffered a decline in their income in recent years. According to The Washington Post, support for Trump is higher in areas with a higher mortality rate for middle - age white people. A sample of interviews with more than 11,000 Republican - leaning respondents from August to December 2015 found that Trump at that time found his strongest support among Republicans in West Virginia, followed by New York, and then followed by six Southern states. Clinton had an uneasy, and at times adversarial relationship with the press throughout her life in public service. Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a `` complicated '' relationship with political reporters. Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions, after which she provided more interviews. In contrast, Trump benefited from free media more than any other candidate. From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Clinton received. According to data from the Tyndall Report, which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of NBC, CBS and ABC, more than all the Democratic campaigns combined. Observers noted Trump 's ability to garner constant mainstream media coverage `` almost at will ''. However, Trump frequently criticized the media for writing what he alleged to be false stories about him and he has called upon his supporters to be `` the silent majority ''. Trump also said the media `` put false meaning into the words I say '', and says he does not mind being criticized by the media as long as they are honest about it. Both Clinton and Trump were seen unfavorably by the general public, and their controversial nature set the tone of the campaign. Trump campaigns in Phoenix, Arizona, October 29, 2016 Clinton 's practice during her time as Secretary of State of using a private email address and server, in lieu of State Department servers, gained widespread public attention back in March 2015. Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated. After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so - called `` born classified '' category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server. The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department. On October 28, eleven days before the election, FBI Director James Comey informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional emails obtained during its investigation of an unrelated case. On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI 's earlier conclusion. Also, on September 9, 2016, Clinton stated : `` You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump 's supporters into what I call the basket of deplorables. They 're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamaphobic -- you name it. '' Donald Trump criticized Clinton 's remark as insulting his supporters. The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying `` half '', while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified `` hateful views and voices ''. Previously on August 25, 2016, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump 's campaign for using `` racist lies '' and allowing the alt - right to gain prominence. Clinton campaigns in Raleigh, North Carolina, October 22, 2016 On the other side, on October 7, 2016, video and accompanying audio were released by The Washington Post in which Trump referred obscenely to women in a 2005 conversation with Billy Bush while they were preparing to film an episode of Access Hollywood. The audio was met with a reaction of disbelief and disgust from the media. Following the revelation, Trump 's campaign issued an apology, stating that the video was of a private conversation from `` many years ago ''. The incident was condemned by numerous prominent Republicans like Reince Priebus, Mitt Romney, John Kasich, Jeb Bush and the Speaker of the House Paul Ryan. By October 8 several dozen Republicans had called for Trump to withdraw from the campaign and let Pence head the ticket. Trump insisted he would never drop out. The ongoing controversy of the election made third parties attract voters ' attention. On March 3, 2016, Libertarian Gary Johnson addressed the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington DC, touting himself as the third - party option for anti-Trump Republicans. In early May, some commentators opined that Johnson was moderate enough to pull votes away from both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump who were very disliked and polarizing. Both conservative and liberal media noted that Johnson could get votes from `` Never Trump '' Republicans and disaffected Bernie Sanders supporters. Johnson also began to get time on national television, being invited on ABC News, NBC News, CBS News, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, Bloomberg, and many other networks. In September and October 2016, Johnson suffered a `` string of damaging stumbles when he has fielded questions about foreign affairs. '' On September 8, Johnson, when he appeared on MSNBC 's Morning Joe, was asked by panelist Mike Barnicle, `` What would you do, if you were elected, about Aleppo ? '' ( referring to a war - torn city in Syria ). Johnson responded, `` And what is Aleppo ? '' Johnson 's `` what is Aleppo ? '' question prompted widespread attention, much of it negative. Later that day, Johnson said that he had `` blanked '' and that he did `` understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict -- I talk about them every day. '' On the other hand, Green Party candidate Jill Stein stated that the Democratic and Republican parties are `` two corporate parties '' that have converged into one. Concerned by the rise of the far right internationally and the tendency towards neoliberalism within the Democratic Party, she has said, `` The answer to neofascism is stopping neoliberalism. Putting another Clinton in the White House will fan the flames of this right - wing extremism. '' In response to Johnson 's growing poll numbers, the Hillary Clinton campaign and Democratic allies increased their criticism of Johnson in September 2016, warning that `` a vote for a third party is a vote for Donald Trump '' and deploying Senator Bernie Sanders ( Clinton 's former primary rival, who supported her in the general election ) to win over voters who might be considering voting for Johnson or for Stein. Ballot Access Presidential ticket Party Ballot access Votes Percentage States Electors % of voters Trump / Pence Republican 50 + DC 538 100 % 62,984,828 46.09 % Clinton / Kaine Democratic 50 + DC 538 100 % 65,853,514 48.18 % Johnson / Weld Libertarian 50 + DC 538 100 % 4,489,341 3.28 % Stein / Baraka Green 44 + DC 480 89 % 1,457,218 1.07 % McMullin / Finn Independent 11 84 15 % 731,991 0.54 % Castle / Bradley Constitution 24 207 39 % 203,090 0.15 % Candidates in bold were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write - in states. All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write - in access greater than 270. Party conventions Philadelphia Cleveland Orlando Houston Salt Lake City Democratic Party Republican Party Libertarian Party Green Party Constitution Party Democratic Party Main article : 2016 Democratic National Convention July 25 -- 28, 2016 : Democratic National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Republican Party Main article : 2016 Republican National Convention July 18 -- 21, 2016 : Republican National Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio. Libertarian Party Main article : 2016 Libertarian National Convention May 26 -- 30, 2016 : Libertarian National Convention was held in Orlando, Florida. Green Party Main article : 2016 Green National Convention August 4 -- 7, 2016 : Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas. Constitution Party Main article : 2016 Constitution Party National Convention April 13 -- 16, 2016 : Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah. Campaign finance This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission ( FEC ) and released in September 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees -- also called PACs and SuperPACs. The sources of the numbers are the FEC and Center for Responsive Politics. Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline. As of September 2016, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC. Candidate Campaign committee ( as of December 9 ) Outside groups ( as of December 9 ) Total spent Money raised Money spent Cash on hand Debt Money raised Money spent Cash on hand Hillary Clinton $497,808,791 $435,367,811 $62,440,979 $111,238 $205,909,959 $204,267,754 $1,642,205 $639,635,565 Donald Trump $247,541,449 $231,546,996 $15,994,454 $2,086,572 $74,905,285 $70,941,922 $3,963,363 $302,488,918 Gary Johnson $11,410,313 $10,308,873 $1,101,440 $0 $1,386,554 $1,310,578 $75,976 $11,619,451 Rocky De La Fuente $7,351,270 $7,354,663 - $3,392 $7,334,250 $0 $0 $0 $7,354,663 Jill Stein $3,509,477 $3,451,174 $58,303 $87,740 $0 $0 $0 $3,451,174 Evan McMullin $1,644,102 $1,642,165 $1,937 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,642,165 Darrell Castle $52,234 $51,365 $869 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $51,365 Gloria La Riva $29,243 $24,207 $5,034 $0 $0 $0 $0 $24,207 Monica Moorehead $11,547 $9,127 $2,419 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $9,127 Peter Skewes $7,966 $4,238 $7,454 $8,000 $0 $0 $0 $4,238 Newspaper endorsements Main article : Newspaper endorsements in the United States presidential election, 2016 Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Houston Chronicle, the San Jose Mercury News, the Chicago Sun - Times and the New York Daily News editorial boards. Trump, who has frequently criticized the mainstream media, was not endorsed by the vast majority of newspapers, with the Las Vegas Review - Journal, The Florida Times - Union, and the tabloid National Enquirer his highest profile supporters. Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the Houston Chronicle, The Dallas Morning News, The San Diego Union - Tribune, The Columbus Dispatch and The Arizona Republic, endorsed their first Democratic candidate for many decades. USA Today, which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded in 1982, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him `` unfit for the presidency ''. The Atlantic, which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third - ever endorsement ( after Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson ). Other traditionally Republican papers, including the New Hampshire Union Leader, which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years, The Detroit News, which had not endorsed a non-Republican in its 143 years, and the Chicago Tribune, endorsed Gary Johnson. Russian involvement Main article : Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections On December 9, 2016, the Central Intelligence Agency issued an assessment to lawmakers in the US Senate, stating that a Russian entity hacked the DNC and John Podesta 's emails to assist Donald Trump. The Federal Bureau of Investigation agreed. President Barack Obama ordered a `` full enquiry '' into such possible intervention. Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper in early January 2017 testified before a Senate committee that Russia 's meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign went beyond hacking, and included disinformation and the dissemination of fake news, often promoted on social media. President - elect Trump originally called the report fabricated, and Wikileaks denied any involvement by Russian authorities. Days later, Trump said he could be convinced of the Russian hacking `` if there is a unified presentation of evidence from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies. '' Several U.S. senators -- including Republicans John McCain, Richard Burr, and Lindsey Graham -- demanded a congressional investigation. The Senate Intelligence Committee announced the scope of their official inquiry on December 13, 2016, on a bipartisan basis ; work began on January 24, 2017. Notable expressions, phrases, and statements Basket of deplorables -- a controversial phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to describe Trump 's supporters. Birdie Sanders -- during a campaign stop in Portland, Oregon, a white - winged two - barred crossbill landed on Sanders 's lectern while he was addressing a large crowd of supporters. The event became popular with the Sanders community and Sanders even began to publicize the bird as `` Birdie Sanders ''. Build that wall / Mexico will pay for the wall -- Trump 's campaign promise that if elected he will build a wall on the border between the US and Mexico, with Mexico financing the project. Drain the swamp -- a phrase Donald Trump invoked late in the campaign to describe what needs to be done to fix problems in the federal government. Trump acknowledged that the phrase was suggested to him, and he was initially skeptical about using it. Fake news -- stories that are untrue. Trump has used the expression to refer to stories he dislikes. Feel the Bern -- a phrase chanted by supporters of the Bernie Sanders campaign which was officially adopted by his campaign. Grab ' em by the pussy -- a remark made by Trump during a 2005 behind - the - scenes interview conversation with Billy Bush and NBCUniversal 's Access Hollywood, which was released during the campaign. By saying this remark, Trump intended to boast how as a celebrity he can do things ( namely grab women by their genitalia ) that non-celebrities can not. I 'm with her -- Clinton 's unofficial campaign slogan ( `` Stronger Together '' was the official slogan ). Lock her up -- a chant first used at the Republican convention to claim that Hillary Clinton is guilty of a crime. The chant was later used at many Trump campaign rallies. Make America great again -- Trump 's campaign slogan. Trump 's use of derogatory nicknames to deride his opponents -- these include `` Crooked Hillary '', `` Little Marco '', `` Low energy Jeb '', and `` Lying Ted. '' Small hands -- Marco Rubio asserting that Trump has small hands, and implying that the size of his hands is proportional to the size of his penis. What is Aleppo ? -- uttered by Gary Johnson during an interview when questioned about the status of Aleppo during the Syrian Civil War. What the hell do you have to lose ? - said by Trump to inner - city African Americans at rallies starting on August 19, 2016. Debates Primary election debates Main articles : Democratic Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 ; Republican Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 ; Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 ; and Green Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 General Election debates Main article : United States presidential debates, 2016 Hofstra University Hempstead, NY Longwood University Farmville, VA Washington University St. Louis, MO University of Nevada Las Vegas University of Colorado Boulder Sites of the 2016 general election debates The Commission on Presidential Debates ( CPD ), a non-profit organization, hosted debates between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. According to the commission 's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, ``... in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations ' most recently publicly - reported results at the time of the determination. '' The three locations chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015. The site of the first debate was originally designated as Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio ; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate was moved to Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. On August 19, Kellyanne Conway, Trump 's campaign manager confirmed that Trump would participate in a series of three debates. Trump had complained two of the scheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, would have to compete for viewers with National Football League games, referencing the similar complaints made regarding the dates with low expected ratings during the Democratic Party presidential debates. The Free & Equal Elections Foundation announced plans to host an open debate among all presidential candidates who had ballot access sufficient to represent a majority of electoral votes. In October 2016 Free & Equal extended the invitation to all candidates with ballot lines representing at least 15 % of the electoral vote. The nominees of the Democratic, Republican, Libertarian, Green, Constitution, Reform, and Socialism and Liberation parties, as well as independent candidate Evan McMullin, were invited to participate. The debate was held at the University of Colorado Boulder 's Macky Auditorium on October 25, 2016. It was moderated by Ed Asner and Christina Tobin, with Darrell Castle, Rocky De La Fuente, and Gloria La Riva participating. PBS hosted a debate moderated by Tavis Smiley between Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson and Green Party candidate Jill Stein. Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election No. Date Time Host City Moderator ( s ) Participants P1 September 26, 2016 9 p.m. EDT Hofstra University Hempstead, New York Lester Holt Hillary Clinton Donald Trump VP October 4, 2016 9 p.m. EDT Longwood University Farmville, Virginia Elaine Quijano Tim Kaine Mike Pence P2 October 9, 2016 8 p.m. CDT Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri Anderson Cooper Martha Raddatz Hillary Clinton Donald Trump P3 October 19, 2016 6 p.m. PDT University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada Chris Wallace Hillary Clinton Donald Trump P4 October 25, 2016 7 p.m. MDT University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado Ed Asner Christina Tobin Darrell Castle Rocky De La Fuente Gloria La Riva = Sponsored by the CPD ; = Sponsored by Free & Equal Results Incumbent President Barack Obama casts his vote early in Chicago on October 7, 2016. The election was held on November 8, 2016. Clinton cast her vote in Chappaqua, Westchester County, New York, while Trump voted in a Manhattan public school. Throughout the day, the election process went more smoothly than many had expected, with only a few reports of long lines and equipment problems. The news media and election experts were surprised twice, at Trump 's winning the GOP nomination and in winning the electoral college. English political scientist Lloyd Gruber says, `` One of the major casualties of the 2016 election season has been the reputation of political science, a discipline whose practitioners had largely dismissed Donald Trump 's chances of gaining the Republican nomination. '' The final polls showed a lead by Clinton -- and, in the end, she did receive more votes. Trump himself expected to lose the election based on polling, and rented a small hotel ballroom to make a brief concession speech ; `` I said if we 're going to lose I do n't want a big ballroom '', he said. The Republican candidate performed surprisingly well in all battleground states, especially Florida, Iowa, Ohio and North Carolina. Even Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan, states that had been predicted to vote Democratic, were won by Trump. Cindy Adams, present at Trump Tower, reported that `` Trumptown knew they 'd won by 5 : 30. Math, calculations, candidate dislike causing voter abstention begat the numbers. '' Trump said that he was surprised by how `` that map was getting red as hell. That map was bleeding red... I always used to believe in ( polls ). I do n't believe them anymore. '' On November 9, 2016, at 3 : 00 AM Eastern Time, Trump secured over 270 electoral votes, the majority of the 538 electors in the Electoral College, enough to make him the president - elect of the United States. According to the authors of Shattered : Inside Hillary Clinton 's Doomed Campaign, by late Tuesday night the White House had decided that Trump had won the election. Obama aide David Simas called Clinton campaign manager Robby Mook to unsuccessfully persuade Clinton to concede the election. Obama then called Clinton herself, citing the importance of continuity of government, to publicly acknowledge that Trump had won ; believing that she was still unwilling to concede the president called Podesta, telling him that the election was over, but the call to Clinton had likely already persuaded her. Clinton called Trump early on Wednesday morning to concede defeat, and later that day asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be `` a successful president for all Americans. '' In his victory speech Trump appealed for unity saying `` it is time for us to come together as one united people '' and praised Clinton who was owed `` a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country. '' Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump. These are ( with Electoral College votes in parentheses ) : Florida ( 29 ), Pennsylvania ( 20 ), Ohio ( 18 ), Michigan ( 16 ), Wisconsin ( 10 ), Iowa ( 6 ), and Maine 's second congressional district ( 1 ). Initially, Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney in 2012, with two lost to faithless electors the following month. Thirty - nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous Presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic. Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimates of the voting age population ( VAP ), turnout of voters casting a vote for President was nearly 1 % higher than 2012. Examining overall turnout in the 2016 election, University of Florida Prof. Michael McDonald estimated that 138.8 million Americans cast a ballot in 2016. 65.9 million of those ballots have been counted for Clinton and just under 63 million for Trump, representing 20.3 % ( Clinton ) and 19.4 % ( Trump ) of a census estimate of U.S. population that day of 324 million. Considering a VAP of 250.6 million people and voting eligible population ( VEP ) of 230.6 million people, this is a turnout rate of 55.4 % VAP and 60.2 % VEP. Based on this estimate, voter turnout was up compared to 2012 ( 54.1 % VAP ) but down compared to 2008 ( 57.4 % VAP ). A FEC report of the 2016 Presidential General Election recorded an official total of 136.7 million votes cast for President -- more than any prior election. Data scientist Azhar Hamdan, explained the paradoxes of the 2016 outcome compared Trump 's 30 states against Clinton 's 20 states and the District of Columbia, saying `` chief among them the discrepancy between the popular vote, which Hillary Clinton won by 2.8 million votes, and the electoral college, where Trump won 304 - 227 ''. He said Trump outperformed Mitt Romney 's 2012 results, while Clinton only just matched Barack Obama 's 2012 totals. Hamdan also said Trump was `` the highest vote earner of any Republican candidate ever, '' exceeding George W. Bush 's 62.04 million votes in 2004, though neither reached Clinton 's 65.9 million, nor Obama 's 69.5 million votes in 2008, the overall record. He concluded, with help from The Cook Political Report, that the election hinged not on Clinton 's large 2.8 million overall vote margin over Trump, but rather on about 78,000 votes from only three counties in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. Candidates table Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral vote Running mate Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote Donald John Trump Republican New York 62,984,828 46.09 % 304 Michael Richard Pence Indiana 304 Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton Democratic New York 65,853,514 48.18 % 227 Timothy Michael Kaine Virginia 227 Colin Powell Republican Virginia 25 0.00 % Elizabeth Warren Massachusetts Maria Cantwell Washington Susan Collins Maine Bernie Sanders Independent Vermont 111,850 0.08 % Tulsi Gabbard Hawaii 0 Elizabeth Warren Massachusetts John Kasich Republican Ohio 2,684 0.00 % Carly Fiorina Virginia Ron Paul Libertarian Texas 124 0.00 % Mike Pence Indiana Faith Spotted Eagle Democratic South Dakota 0 0.00 % Winona LaDuke Minnesota Gary Johnson Libertarian New Mexico 4,489,341 3.28 % 0 Bill Weld Massachusetts 0 Jill Stein Green Massachusetts 1,457,218 1.07 % 0 Ajamu Baraka Illinois 0 Evan McMullin Independent Utah 731,991 0.54 % 0 Mindy Finn District of Columbia 0 Darrell Castle Constitution Tennessee 203,090 0.15 % 0 Scott Bradley Utah 0 Gloria La Riva Socialism and Liberation California 74,401 0.05 % 0 Eugene Puryear District of Columbia 0 Other 760,210 0.56 % -- Other -- Total 136,669,276 100 % 538 538 Needed to win 270 270 Source ( Popular Vote ) : Nationwide : Leip, David. `` 2016 Presidential Election Results ''. Dave Leip 's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved February 4, 2018. For Bernie Sanders and John Kasich : CA : and NH : VT : NC : PA : RI : Received electoral vote ( s ) from a faithless elector. Two faithless electors from Texas cast their presidential votes for Ron Paul and John Kasich, respectively. Chris Suprun stated that he cast his presidential vote for John Kasich and his vice presidential vote for Carly Fiorina. The other faithless elector in Texas, Bill Greene, cast his presidential vote for Ron Paul but cast his vice presidential vote for Mike Pence, as pledged. John Kasich received recorded write - in votes in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. Candidate received votes as a write - in. The exact numbers of write - in votes for Sanders have been published for three states. In California, his official running mate was Tulsi Gabbard and in New Hampshire and Vermont there was not a running mate attached to Sanders. It was possible to vote Sanders as a write - in candidate in 14 states. Popular vote Clinton 48.18 % Trump 46.09 % Johnson 3.28 % Stein 1.07 % McMullin 0.54 % Others 0.84 % Electoral vote -- Pledged Trump / Pence 56.88 % Clinton / Kaine 43.12 % Electoral vote -- President Trump 56.51 % Clinton 42.19 % Powell 0.56 % Kasich 0.19 % Paul 0.19 % Sanders 0.19 % Spotted Eagle 0.19 % Electoral vote -- Vice President Pence 56.70 % Kaine 42.38 % Warren 0.38 % Cantwell 0.19 % Collins 0.19 % Fiorina 0.19 % LaDuke 0.19 % Results by State The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state 's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states is the official Federal Election Commission report. The column labeled `` Margin '' shows Trump 's margin of victory over Clinton ( the margin is negative for every state the Clinton won ). A total of 29 third party and independent presidential candidates appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson and physician Jill Stein repeated their 2012 roles as the nominees for the Libertarian Party and the Green Party, respectively. With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes ( 3.27 % ), the highest nationwide vote share for a third - party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996, while Stein received almost 1.45 million votes ( 1.06 % ), the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000. Independent candidate Evan McMullin, who appeared on the ballot in 11 states, received over 732,000 votes ( 0.53 % ). He won 21.4 % of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a third - party candidate in any state since 1992. Despite dropping out of the election following his defeat in the Democratic primary, Senator Bernie Sanders received 5.7 % of the vote in his home state of Vermont, the highest write - in draft campaign percentage for a presidential candidate in American history. Johnson and McMullin were the first third party candidates since Nader to receive at least 5 % of the vote in one or more states, with Johnson crossing the mark in 11 states and McMullin crossing it in two. Aside from Florida and North Carolina, the states which secured Trump 's victory are situated in the Great Lakes / Rust Belt region. Wisconsin went Republican for the first time since 1984, while Pennsylvania and Michigan went Republican for the first time since 1988. Stein petitioned for a recount in these states. The Clinton campaign pledged to participate in the Green Party recount efforts, while Trump backers challenged them in court. Meanwhile, American Delta Party / Reform Party presidential candidate Rocky De La Fuente petitioned for and was granted a partial recount in Nevada. States won by Clinton / Kaine States won by Trump / Pence Electoral methods WTA -- Winner - takes - all CD -- Congressional district Hillary Clinton Democratic Donald Trump Republican Gary Johnson Libertarian Jill Stein Green Evan McMullin Independent Others Margin Total State or district Electoral method # % Electoral votes # % Electoral votes # % Electoral votes # % Electoral votes # % Electoral votes # % Electoral votes # % # State Source ( s ) Alabama WTA 729,547 34.36 % -- 1,318,255 62.08 % 9 44,467 2.09 % -- 9,391 0.44 % -- -- -- -- 21,712 1.02 % -- 588,708 27.73 % 2,123,372 AL Alaska WTA 116,454 36.55 % -- 163,387 51.28 % 18,725 5.88 % -- 5,735 1.80 % -- -- -- -- 14,307 4.49 % -- 46,933 14.73 % 318,608 AK Arizona WTA 1,161,167 45.13 % -- 1,252,401 48.67 % 11 106,327 4.13 % -- 34,345 1.33 % -- 17,449 0.68 % -- 1,476 0.06 % -- 91,234 3.55 % 2,573,165 AZ Arkansas WTA 380,494 33.65 % -- 684,872 60.57 % 6 29,829 2.64 % -- 9,473 0.84 % -- 13,255 1.17 % -- 12,712 1.12 % -- 304,378 26.92 % 1,130,635 AR California WTA 8,753,788 61.73 % 55 4,483,810 31.62 % -- 478,500 3.37 % -- 278,657 1.96 % -- 39,596 0.28 % -- 147,244 1.04 % -- − 4,269,978 − 30.11 % 14,181,595 CA Colorado WTA 1,338,870 48.16 % 9 1,202,484 43.25 % -- 144,121 5.18 % -- 38,437 1.38 % -- 28,917 1.04 % -- 27,418 0.99 % -- − 136,386 − 4.91 % 2,780,247 CO Connecticut WTA 897,572 54.57 % 7 673,215 40.93 % -- 48,676 2.96 % -- 22,841 1.39 % -- 2,108 0.13 % -- 508 0.03 % -- − 224,357 − 13.64 % 1,644,920 CT Delaware WTA 235,603 53.09 % 185,127 41.72 % -- 14,757 3.32 % -- 6,103 1.37 % -- 706 0.16 % -- 1,518 0.34 % -- − 50,476 − 11.37 % 443,814 DE District of Columbia WTA 282,830 90.48 % 12,723 4.07 % -- 4,906 1.57 % -- 4,258 1.36 % -- -- -- -- 6,551 2.52 % -- − 270,107 − 86.78 % 311,268 DC Florida WTA 4,504,975 47.82 % -- 4,617,886 49.02 % 29 207,043 2.20 % -- 64,399 0.68 % -- -- -- -- 25,736 0.28 % -- 112,911 1.20 % 9,420,039 FL Georgia WTA 1,877,963 45.64 % -- 2,089,104 50.77 % 16 125,306 3.05 % -- 7,674 0.19 % -- 13,017 0.32 % -- 1,668 0.04 % -- 211,141 5.13 % 4,114,732 GA Hawaii WTA 266,891 62.22 % 128,847 30.03 % -- 15,954 3.72 % -- 12,737 2.97 % -- -- -- -- 4,508 1.05 % − 138,044 − 32.18 % 428,937 HI Idaho WTA 189,765 27.49 % -- 409,055 59.26 % 28,331 4.10 % -- 8,496 1.23 % -- 46,476 6.73 % -- 8,132 1.18 % -- 219,290 31.77 % 690,255 ID Illinois WTA 3,090,729 55.83 % 20 2,146,015 38.76 % -- 209,596 3.79 % -- 76,802 1.39 % -- 11,655 0.21 % -- 1,627 0.03 % -- − 944,714 − 17.06 % 5,536,424 IL Indiana WTA 1,033,126 37.91 % -- 1,557,286 56.82 % 11 133,993 4.89 % -- 7,841 0.27 % -- -- -- -- 2,712 0.10 % -- 524,160 19.17 % 2,734,958 IN Iowa WTA 653,669 41.74 % -- 800,983 51.15 % 6 59,186 3.78 % -- 11,479 0.73 % -- 12,366 0.79 % -- 28,348 1.81 % -- 147,314 9.41 % 1,566,031 IA Kansas WTA 427,005 36.05 % -- 671,018 56.65 % 6 55,406 4.68 % -- 23,506 1.98 % -- 6,520 0.55 % -- 947 0.08 % -- 244,013 20.60 % 1,184,402 KS Kentucky WTA 628,854 32.68 % -- 1,202,971 62.52 % 8 53,752 2.79 % -- 13,913 0.72 % -- 22,780 1.18 % -- 1,879 0.10 % -- 574,177 29.84 % 1,924,149 KY Louisiana WTA 780,154 38.45 % -- 1,178,638 58.09 % 8 37,978 1.87 % -- 14,031 0.69 % -- 8,547 0.42 % -- 9,684 0.48 % -- 398,484 19.64 % 2,029,032 LA Maine ( at - lg ) WTA 357,735 47.83 % 335,593 44.87 % -- 38,105 5.09 % -- 14,251 1.91 % -- 1,887 0.25 % -- 356 0.05 % -- − 22,142 − 2.96 % 747,927 ME -- a / l Maine, 1st CD 212,774 53.96 % 154,384 39.15 % -- 18,592 4.71 % -- 7,563 1.92 % -- 807 0.20 % -- 209 0.05 % -- − 58,390 − 14.81 % 394,329 ME - 1 Maine, 2nd CD 144,817 40.98 % -- 181,177 51.26 % 19,510 5.52 % -- 6,685 1.89 % -- 1,080 0.31 % -- 147 0.04 % -- 36,360 10.29 % 353,416 ME - 2 Maryland WTA 1,677,928 60.33 % 10 943,169 33.91 % -- 79,605 2.86 % -- 35,945 1.29 % -- 9,630 0.35 % -- 35,169 1.26 % -- − 734,759 − 26.42 % 2,781,446 MD Massachusetts WTA 1,995,196 60.01 % 11 1,090,893 32.81 % -- 138,018 4.15 % -- 47,661 1.43 % -- 2,719 0.08 % -- 50,559 1.52 % -- − 904,303 − 27.20 % 3,325,046 MA Michigan WTA 2,268,839 47.27 % -- 2,279,543 47.50 % 16 172,136 3.59 % -- 51,463 1.07 % -- 8,177 0.17 % -- 19,126 0.40 % -- 10,704 0.22 % 4,799,284 MI Minnesota WTA 1,367,716 46.44 % 10 1,322,951 44.92 % -- 112,972 3.84 % -- 36,985 1.26 % -- 53,076 1.80 % -- 51,113 1.74 % -- − 44,765 − 1.52 % 2,944,813 MN Mississippi WTA 485,131 40.11 % -- 700,714 57.94 % 6 14,435 1.19 % -- 3,731 0.31 % -- -- -- -- 5,346 0.44 % -- 215,583 17.83 % 1,209,357 MS Missouri WTA 1,071,068 38.14 % -- 1,594,511 56.77 % 10 97,359 3.47 % -- 25,419 0.91 % -- 7,071 0.25 % -- 13,177 0.47 % -- 523,443 18.64 % 2,808,605 MO Montana WTA 177,709 35.75 % -- 279,240 56.17 % 28,037 5.64 % -- 7,970 1.60 % -- 2,297 0.46 % -- 1,894 0.38 % -- 101,531 20.42 % 497,147 MT Nebraska ( at - lg ) WTA 284,494 33.70 % -- 495,961 58.75 % 38,946 4.61 % -- 8,775 1.04 % -- -- -- -- 16,051 1.90 % -- 211,467 25.05 % 844,227 NE -- a / l Nebraska, 1st CD 100,126 35.46 % -- 158,626 56.18 % 14,031 4.97 % -- 3,374 1.19 % -- -- -- -- 6,181 2.19 % -- 58,500 20.72 % 282,338 NE - 1 Nebraska, 2nd CD 131,030 44.92 % -- 137,564 47.16 % 13,245 4.54 % -- 3,347 1.15 % -- -- -- -- 6,494 2.23 % -- 6,534 2.24 % 291,680 NE - 2 Nebraska, 3rd CD 53,290 19.73 % -- 199,657 73.92 % 11,657 4.32 % -- 2,054 0.76 % -- -- -- -- 3,451 1.28 % -- 146,367 54.19 % 270,109 NE - 3 Nevada WTA 539,260 47.92 % 6 512,058 45.50 % -- 37,384 3.32 % -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 36,683 3.26 % -- − 27,202 − 2.42 % 1,125,385 NV New Hampshire WTA 348,526 46.98 % 345,790 46.61 % -- 30,777 4.15 % -- 6,496 0.88 % -- 1,064 0.14 % -- 11,643 1.24 % -- − 2,736 − 0.37 % 744,296 NH New Jersey WTA 2,148,278 54.99 % 14 1,601,933 41.00 % -- 72,477 1.86 % -- 37,772 0.97 % -- -- -- -- 13,586 1.18 % -- − 546,345 − 14.10 % 3,874,046 NJ New Mexico WTA 385,234 48.26 % 5 319,667 40.04 % -- 74,541 9.34 % -- 9,879 1.24 % -- 5,825 0.73 % -- 3,173 0.40 % -- − 65,567 − 8.21 % 798,319 NM New York WTA 4,556,124 59.01 % 29 2,819,534 36.52 % -- 176,598 2.29 % -- 107,934 1.40 % -- 10,373 0.13 % -- 50,890 0.66 % -- − 1,736,590 − 22.49 % 7,721,453 NY North Carolina WTA 2,189,316 46.17 % -- 2,362,631 49.83 % 15 130,126 2.74 % -- 12,105 0.26 % -- -- -- -- 47,386 1.00 % -- 173,315 3.66 % 4,741,564 NC North Dakota WTA 93,758 27.23 % -- 216,794 62.96 % 21,434 6.22 % -- 3,780 1.10 % -- -- -- -- 8,594 2.49 % -- 123,036 35.73 % 344,360 ND Ohio WTA 2,394,164 43.56 % -- 2,841,005 51.69 % 18 174,498 3.17 % -- 46,271 0.84 % -- 12,574 0.23 % -- 27,975 0.51 % -- 446,841 8.13 % 5,496,487 OH Oklahoma WTA 420,375 28.93 % -- 949,136 65.32 % 7 83,481 5.75 % -- -- -- -- -- -- -- N / A N / A -- 528,761 37.08 % 1,452,992 OK Oregon WTA 1,002,106 50.07 % 7 782,403 39.09 % -- 94,231 4.71 % -- 50,002 2.50 % -- -- -- -- 72,594 3.63 % -- − 219,703 − 10.98 % 2,001,336 OR Pennsylvania WTA 2,926,441 47.46 % -- 2,970,733 48.18 % 20 146,715 2.38 % -- 49,941 0.81 % -- 6,472 0.11 % -- 65,176 1.06 % -- 44,292 0.72 % 6,165,478 PA Rhode Island WTA 252,525 54.41 % 180,543 38.90 % -- 14,746 3.18 % -- 6,220 1.34 % -- 516 0.11 % -- 9,594 2.07 % -- − 71,982 − 15.51 % 464,144 RI South Carolina WTA 855,373 40.67 % -- 1,155,389 54.94 % 9 49,204 2.34 % -- 13,034 0.62 % -- 21,016 1.00 % -- 9,011 0.43 % -- 300,016 14.27 % 2,103,027 SC South Dakota WTA 117,458 31.74 % -- 227,721 61.53 % 20,850 5.63 % -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4,064 1.10 % -- 110,263 29.79 % 370,093 SD Tennessee WTA 870,695 34.72 % -- 1,522,925 60.72 % 11 70,397 2.81 % -- 15,993 0.64 % -- 11,991 0.48 % -- 16,026 0.64 % -- 652,230 26.01 % 2,508,027 TN Texas WTA 3,877,868 43.24 % -- 4,685,047 52.23 % 36 283,492 3.16 % -- 71,558 0.80 % -- 42,366 0.47 % -- 8,895 0.10 % 807,179 9.00 % 8,969,226 TX Utah WTA 310,676 27.46 % -- 515,231 45.54 % 6 39,608 3.50 % -- 9,438 0.83 % -- 243,690 21.54 % -- 12,787 1.13 % -- 204,555 18.08 % 1,131,430 UT Vermont WTA 178,573 56.68 % 95,369 30.27 % -- 10,078 3.20 % -- 6,758 2.14 % -- 639 0.20 % -- 23,650 7.51 % -- − 83,204 − 26.41 % 315,067 VT Virginia WTA 1,981,473 49.73 % 13 1,769,443 44.41 % -- 118,274 2.97 % -- 27,638 0.69 % -- 54,054 1.36 % -- 33,749 0.85 % -- − 212,030 − 5.32 % 3,984,631 VA Washington WTA 1,742,718 52.54 % 8 1,221,747 36.83 % -- 160,879 4.85 % -- 58,417 1.76 % -- -- -- -- 133,258 4.02 % − 520,971 − 15.71 % 3,317,019 WA West Virginia WTA 188,794 26.43 % -- 489,371 68.50 % 5 23,004 3.22 % -- 8,075 1.13 % -- 1,104 0.15 % -- 4,075 0.57 % -- 300,577 42.07 % 714,423 WV Wisconsin WTA 1,382,536 46.45 % -- 1,405,284 47.22 % 10 106,674 3.58 % -- 31,072 1.04 % -- 11,855 0.40 % -- 38,729 1.30 % -- 22,748 0.76 % 2,976,150 WI Wyoming WTA 55,973 21.63 % -- 174,419 67.40 % 13,287 5.13 % -- 2,515 0.97 % -- -- -- -- 9,655 3.73 % -- 118,446 46.30 % 255,849 WY U.S. Total -- 65,853,514 48.18 % 227 62,984,828 46.09 % 304 4,489,341 3.28 % -- 1,457,218 1.07 % -- 731,991 0.54 % -- 1,154,084 0.84 % 7 − 2,868,686 − 2.10 % 136,669,276 US Two states ( Maine and Nebraska ) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes. Results are from The New York Times. Vote margin swing by state 2012 to 2016. Only nine states trended more Democratic : Arizona, California, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Texas, Washington, Virginia and Utah. The large swing in Utah is mostly, but not completely, down to the votes for third candidate Evan McMullin. Close races Red denotes states ( or congressional districts whose electoral votes are awarded separately ) won by Republican Donald Trump ; blue denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton. States where the margin of victory was under 1 % ( 50 electoral votes ; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton ) : Michigan, 0.22 % - 16 New Hampshire, 0.37 % - 4 Pennsylvania, 0.72 % - 20 ( tipping point state including 2 faithless electors from Texas ) Wisconsin, 0.76 % - 10 ( tipping point state excluding 2 faithless electors from Texas ) States / districts where the margin of victory was between 1 % and 5 % ( 83 electoral votes ; 56 won by Trump, 27 by Clinton ) : Florida, 1.20 % - 29 Minnesota, 1.52 % - 10 Nebraska 's 2nd Congressional District, 2.24 % - 1 Nevada, 2.42 % - 6 Maine, 2.96 % - 2 Arizona, 3.55 % - 11 North Carolina, 3.66 % - 15 Colorado, 4.91 % - 9 States where the margin of victory was between 5 % and 10 % ( 94 electoral votes ; 76 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton ) : Georgia, 5.13 % - 16 Virginia, 5.32 % - 13 Ohio, 8.13 % - 18 New Mexico, 8.21 % - 5 Texas, 9.00 % - 36 Iowa, 9.41 % - 6 Breakdown by ticket State Party Presidential vote Vice presidential vote Name of Elector References Nationwide Donald Trump, 304 Mike Pence, 305 Pledged Hillary Clinton, 227 Tim Kaine, 227 Hawaii Bernie Sanders ( I - VT ) Elizabeth Warren ( D - MA ) David Mulinix Texas John Kasich ( R - OH ) Carly Fiorina ( R - VA ) Christopher Suprun Ron Paul ( L - TX / R - TX ) Mike Pence ( as pledged ) Bill Greene Washington Colin Powell ( R - VA ) Maria Cantwell ( D - WA ) Levi Guerra Susan Collins ( R - ME ) Esther John Elizabeth Warren ( D - MA ) Bret Chiafalo Faith Spotted Eagle ( D - SD ) Winona LaDuke ( G - MN ) Robert Satiacum, Jr. Battleground states Most media outlets announced the beginning of the presidential race about twenty months prior to Election Day. Soon after the first contestants declared their candidacy, Larry Sabato listed Virginia, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, Florida, Nevada, and Ohio as the seven states most likely to be contested in the general election. After Donald Trump clinched the Republican presidential nomination, many pundits felt that the major campaign locations might be different from what had originally been expected. Rust Belt states such as Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and even Michigan were thought to be in play with Trump as the nominee, while states with large minority populations, such as Colorado and Virginia, were expected to shift towards Clinton. By the conventions period and the debates, however, it did not seem as though the Rust Belt states could deliver a victory to Trump. According to Politico and the 538 online blog, his path to victory went through states such as Florida, North Carolina, Nevada, New Hampshire, and possibly Colorado. Early polling indicated a closer - than - usual race in former Democratic strongholds such as Washington, Delaware, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine ( for the two statewide electoral votes ), and New Mexico. Meanwhile, research indicators from inside of a host of Republican - leaning states such as Arizona, Indiana, Georgia, South Carolina, Alaska, Utah, Texas, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, and South Dakota reported weaker support for Trump than expected, although the nominee 's position solidified in a few other areas. Some reviews took this information as evidence of an expanded ' swing - state map '. A consensus among political pundits developed throughout the primary election season regarding swing states. From the results of presidential elections from 2004 through to 2012, the Democratic and Republican parties would generally start with a safe electoral vote count of about 150 to 200. However, the margins required to constitute a swing state are vague, and can vary between groups of analysts. It was thought that left - leaning states in the Rust Belt could become more conservative, as Trump had strong appeal among many blue - collar workers. They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump 's eventual nomination. Trump 's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican. In addition, local factors may come into play. For example, Utah was the reddest state in 2012, although the Republican share was boosted significantly by the candidacy of Mormon candidate Mitt Romney. Despite its partisan orientation, some reports suggested a victory there by independent candidate Evan McMullin, particularly if there was a nationwide blowout. Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio and North Carolina. Among the Republican - leaning states, potential Democratic targets included Nebraska 's second congressional district, Georgia, and Arizona. Trump 's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such as Utah, raised the possibility that they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent Republican nominees. However, many analysts asserted that these states were not yet viable Democratic destinations. Several sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the likelihood for each party to win a state. The `` tossup '' label is usually used to indicate that neither party has an advantage, `` lean '' to indicate a party has a slight edge, `` likely '' to indicate a party has a clear but not overwhelming advantage, and `` safe '' to indicate a party has an advantage that can not be overcome. As the parameters of the race established themselves, analysts converged on a narrower list of contested states, which were relatively similar to those of recent elections. On November 7, the Cook Political Report categorized Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin as states with close races. Additionally, a district from each of Maine and Nebraska were considered to be coin flips. Meanwhile, FiveThirtyEight listed twenty - two states as potentially competitive about a month before the election -- Maine 's two at - large electoral votes, New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Virginia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Nevada, Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Georgia, Alaska, South Carolina, Texas, Indiana, Missouri, and Utah -- as well as Maine 's second and Nebraska 's second congressional districts. Nate Silver, the publication 's editor - in - chief, subsequently removed Texas, South Carolina, Missouri, and Indiana from the list after the race tightened significantly. These conclusions were supported by models such as the Princeton Elections Consortium, the New York Times Upshot, and punditry evaluations from Sabato 's Crystal Ball and the Cook Political Report. Clinton won states like New Mexico by less than 10 percentage points. Among the states where the candidates finished at a margin of within 7 percent, Clinton won Virginia ( 13 electoral votes ), Colorado ( 9 ), Maine ( 2 ), Minnesota ( 10 ), and New Hampshire ( 4 ). On the other hand, Trump won Michigan ( 16 ), Pennsylvania ( 20 ), Wisconsin ( 10 ), Florida ( 29 ), North Carolina ( 15 ), Arizona ( 11 ), Nebraska 's second district ( 1 ), and Georgia ( 16 ). States won by Obama in the 2012 contest, such as Ohio ( 18 ), Iowa ( 6 ), and Maine 's second district ( 1 ), were also won by Trump. The close result in Maine was not expected by most commentators, nor were Trump 's victory of over 10 points in the second district and their disparities. The dramatic shift of Midwestern states towards Trump were contrasted in the media against the relative movement of Southern states towards the Democrats. For example, former Democratic strongholds such as Minnesota, Maine, and Nevada leaned towards the GOP. Meanwhile, Iowa voted more Republican than Texas did, Georgia was more Democratic than Ohio, and the margin of victory for Trump was greater in North Carolina than Arizona. Trump 's smaller victories in Alaska and Utah also took some experts by surprise. After the conventions of the national parties, candidates from the main parties carried out trips to the states : Florida - 72, Pennsylvania - 59, North Carolina - 52, Ohio - 43, Virginia - 25, Michigan - 24, Iowa - 23, New Hampshire - 22, Colorado - 19, Nevada - 16, Wisconsin - 15, Arizona - 10. Maps Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate 's percentage of the vote Results by vote distribution among states. The size of each state 's pie chart is proportional to its number of electoral votes. Results by county. Red denotes counties that went to Trump ; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton. Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate 's percentage of the vote Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate 's percentage of the vote ( Red - Purple - Blue view ) Results by state and DC, scaled by number of Electors per state. United States presidential election, 2016 cartogram United States presidential election, 2016 cartogram Results of 2016 U.S. presidential election by congressional district, shaded by vote margin County swing from 2012 to 2016 Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Trump Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Clinton Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Johnson ( 0 % -- 10 % scale ) Voter demographics Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, CBS News, MSNBC, CNN, Fox News and the Associated Press. The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the United States on Election Day, in addition to 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters. Trump 's crucial victories in the Midwest were aided in large part by his strong margins among non-college whites -- while Obama lost those voters by a margin of 10 points in 2012, Clinton lost this group by 20 percent. The election also represented the first time that Republicans performed better among lower - income whites than among affluent white voters. To some analysts ' surprise, Trump narrowed Clinton 's margin compared to Obama by 7 points among blacks and African - Americans, 8 points among Latinos, and 11 points among Asian - Americans. Meanwhile, Trump increased his lead with non-Hispanic white voters through 1 percent over Mitt Romney 's performance, and American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Pacific Islanders shifted their support towards the Republican candidate using the same relative amount. Additionally, although 74 percent of Muslim voters supported Clinton, Trump nearly doubled his support among those voters compared to Mitt Romney, according to the Council on American -- Islamic Relations exit poll. However, `` more convincing data '' from the polling firm Latino Decisions indicates that Clinton received a higher share of the Hispanic vote, and Trump a lower share, than the Edison exit polls showed. Using wider, more geographically and linguistically representative sampling, Latino Decisions concluded that Clinton won 79 % of Hispanic voters ( also an improvement over Obama 's share in 2008 and 2012 ), while Trump won only 18 % ( lower than previous Republicans such as Romney and McCain ). Additionally, the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study found that Clinton 's share of the Hispanic vote was 1 percentage point higher than Obama 's in 2012, while Trump 's was 7 percentage points lower than Romney 's. Similarly, a large, multi-lingual study by the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund found that Clinton won 79 % of Asian - American voters, higher than the Edison exit poll showed, while Trump only won 18 %, a decrease from McCain 's and Romney 's numbers. Furthermore, according to the AALDEF 's report, Trump received merely 2 % of the Muslim - American vote, whereas Clinton received 97 %. 2016 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup ( Edison Exit Polling ) Demographic subgroup Clinton Trump Other % of total vote Total vote 48 46 6 100 Ideology Liberals 84 10 6 26 Moderates 52 41 7 39 Conservatives 15 81 35 Party Democrats 89 9 37 Republicans 7 90 33 Independents 42 48 10 31 Party by gender Democratic men 87 10 14 Democratic women 90 8 23 Republican men 6 90 17 Republican women 8 89 16 Independent men 37 51 10 17 Independent women 47 43 7 14 Gender Men 41 52 7 47 Women 54 41 5 53 Marital status Married 44 52 59 Unmarried 55 37 8 41 Gender by marital status Married men 37 58 5 29 Married women 49 47 30 Non-married men 46 45 9 19 Non-married women 62 33 5 23 Race / ethnicity White 37 58 5 70 Black 88 8 12 Asian 65 29 6 Other 56 37 7 Hispanic ( of any race ) 65 29 6 11 Gender by race / ethnicity White men 31 63 5 34 White women 43 53 37 Black men 80 13 6 5 Black women 94 7 Latino men ( of any race ) 62 33 5 Latino women ( of any race ) 68 26 5 6 All other races 61 32 5 6 Religion Protestant 37 60 27 Catholic 45 52 23 Mormon 25 61 14 Other Christian 43 55 24 Jewish 71 24 5 Other religion 58 33 9 7 None 68 26 6 15 Religious service attendance Weekly or more 40 56 33 Monthly 46 49 5 16 A few times a year 48 47 5 29 Never 62 31 7 22 White evangelical or born - again Christian White evangelical or born - again Christian 16 81 26 Everyone else 59 35 6 74 Age 18 -- 24 years old 56 35 9 10 25 -- 29 years old 53 39 8 9 30 -- 39 years old 51 40 9 17 40 -- 49 years old 46 50 19 50 -- 64 years old 44 53 30 65 and older 45 53 15 Age by race Whites 18 -- 29 years old 43 47 10 12 Whites 30 -- 44 years old 37 54 9 16 Whites 45 -- 64 years old 34 62 30 Whites 65 and older 39 58 13 Blacks 18 -- 29 years old 85 9 6 Blacks 30 -- 44 years old 89 7 Blacks 45 -- 64 years old 89 7 5 Blacks 65 and older 91 9 n / a Latinos 18 -- 29 years old 68 26 6 Latinos 30 -- 44 years old 65 28 7 Latinos 45 -- 64 years old 64 32 Latinos 65 and older 73 25 Others 61 31 8 6 Sexual orientation LGBT 78 14 8 5 Heterosexual 47 48 5 95 First time voter First time voter 56 40 10 Everyone else 47 47 6 90 Education High school or less 45 51 18 Some college education 43 52 5 32 College graduate 49 45 6 32 Postgraduate education 58 37 5 18 Education by race / ethnicity White college graduates 45 49 37 White no college degree 28 67 34 Non-white college graduates 71 23 5 13 Non-white no college degree 75 20 16 Education by race / ethnicity / sex White women with college degrees 51 44 5 20 White men with college degrees 39 53 8 17 White women without college degrees 34 61 5 17 White men without college degrees 23 71 6 16 Non-whites 74 21 5 29 Family income Under $30,000 53 41 6 17 $30,000 -- 49,999 51 42 7 19 $50,000 -- 99,999 46 50 31 $100,000 -- 199,999 47 48 5 24 $200,000 -- 249,999 48 49 Over $250,000 46 48 6 6 Union households Union 51 42 7 18 Non-union 46 48 6 82 Military service Veterans 34 60 6 13 Non-veterans 50 44 6 87 Issue regarded as most important Foreign policy 60 34 6 13 Immigration 32 64 13 Economy 52 42 6 52 Terrorism 39 57 18 Region Northeast 55 40 5 19 Midwest 45 49 6 23 South 44 52 37 West 55 39 6 21 Community size Cities ( population 50,000 and above ) 59 35 6 34 Suburbs 45 50 5 49 Rural areas 34 62 17 Forecasting Further information : Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016 and Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016 Various methods were used to forecast the outcome of the 2016 election. For the 2016 election, there were many competing election forecast approaches including Nate Silver 's FiveThirtyEight, The Upshot at The New York Times, Daily Kos, Princeton Election Consortium, Cook Political Report, Rothenberg and Gonzales, PollyVote, Sabato 's Crystal Ball and Electoral - Vote. These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed, and were supported by pundits and statisticians, including Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight, Nate Cohn at The New York Times, and Larry Sabato from the Crystal Ball newsletter, who predicted a Democratic victory in competitive presidential races and projected consistent leads in several battleground states around the country. The near - unanimity of forecasters in predicting a Clinton victory may have been the result of groupthink. However, FiveThirtyEight 's model pointed to the possibility of an Electoral College - popular vote split widening in the final weeks based on Trump 's improvement in swing states like Florida or Pennsylvania. This was due to the demographics targeted by Trump 's campaign which lived in big numbers there, in addition to Clinton 's poor performance in several of those swing states in comparison with Obama 's performance in 2012, as well as having a big number of her potential voters in very populated traditionally ' blue ' states, but also in some very populated states traditionally ' red ', like Texas, which were projected safe for Trump. Early exit polls generally favored Clinton. After the polls closed and some of the results came in, the forecasts were found to be inaccurate, as Trump performed better in the competitive Midwestern states, such as Iowa, Ohio, and Minnesota, than expected. Three states ( Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan ) which were considered to be part of Clinton 's firewall, were won by Trump. Of the states in the Great Lakes region, Clinton won the swing state of Minnesota by 1 point, as well as traditional Democratic strongholds such as New York and Illinois with populous urban centers. This result stands in contrast to the 2012 results, when President Obama won all but Indiana, which he carried in 2008. This table displays the final polling average published by Real Clear Politics on November 7, the actual electoral margin, and the over-performance by either candidate relative to the polls. State Electoral votes Polling average Final result Difference Arizona 11 Trump + 4 Trump + 3.5 Clinton + 0.5 Colorado 9 Clinton + 2.9 Clinton + 4.9 Clinton + 2 Florida 29 Trump + 0.2 Trump + 1.2 Trump + 1 Georgia 16 Trump + 4.8 Trump + 5.1 Trump + 0.3 Iowa 6 Trump + 3 Trump + 9.5 Trump + 6.5 Maine Clinton + 4.5 Clinton + 2.9 Trump + 1.6 Michigan 16 Clinton + 3.4 Trump + 0.3 Trump + 3.7 Minnesota 10 Clinton + 6.2 Clinton + 1.5 Trump + 4.7 Nevada 6 Trump + 0.8 Clinton + 2.4 Clinton + 3.2 New Hampshire Clinton + 0.6 Clinton + 0.3 Trump + 0.3 New Mexico 5 Clinton + 5 Clinton + 8.3 Clinton + 3.3 North Carolina 15 Trump + 1 Trump + 3.7 Trump + 2.7 Ohio 18 Trump + 3.5 Trump + 8.1 Trump + 4.6 Pennsylvania 20 Clinton + 1.9 Trump + 0.7 Trump + 2.6 Virginia 13 Clinton + 5 Clinton + 5.4 Clinton + 0.4 Wisconsin 10 Clinton + 6.5 Trump + 0.7 Trump + 7.2 Many pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the outcome of the 2016 election. Some journalists compared the 2016 election to the failure of prognosticator Arthur Henning in the `` Dewey Defeats Truman '' incident from the 1948 presidential election. Sean Trende, writing for RealClearPolitics, wrote that many of the polls were accurate, but that the pundits ' interpretation of these polls neglected polling error. Nate Silver found that the high number of undecided and third - party voters in the election was neglected in many of these models, and that many of these voters decided to vote for Trump. According to a February 2018 study by Public Opinion Quarterly, the main sources of polling error were `` a late swing in vote preference toward Trump and a pervasive failure to adjust for over-representation of college graduates ( who favored Clinton ), '' whereas the share of `` shy '' Trump voters ( who declined to admit their support for Trump to the pollsters ) proved to be negligible. FiveThirtyEight 's final polls - plus forecast predicted 18 states, plus the second congressional districts of Maine and Nebraska, with an interval of confidence lower than 90 %. However, every major forecaster, including FiveThirtyEight, the New York Times Upshot, prediction markets aggregator PredictWise, ElectionBettingOdds from Maxim Lott and John Stossel, the DailyKos, the Princeton Election Consortium, the Huffington Post, the Cook Political Report, Larry Sabato 's Crystal Ball, and the Rothenberg and Gonzales Report, called every state the same way ( although Cook and Rothenberg - Gonzales left two and five states as toss - ups, respectively ). The sole exception was Maine 's 2nd congressional district. Of the forecasters who published results on the district, the Times gave Trump a 64 % chance of winning and PredictWise a 52 % chance, FiveThirtyEight gave Clinton a 51 % chance of winning in polls - only and 54 % in polls - plus, Princeton gave her a 60 % chance, Cook labelled it a toss - up, and Sabato leaned it towards Trump. The following table displays the final winning probabilities given by each outlet, along with the final electoral result. The states shown have been identified by Politico, WhipBoard, the New York Times, and the Crystal Ball as battlegrounds. State New York Times Upshot FiveThirtyEight PredictWise Princeton Election Consortium Sabato 's Crystal Ball 2012 margin 2016 margin Alaska 83 % R 76 % R 94 % R 96 % R Likely R 14 R 15 R Arizona 84 % R 67 % R 82 % R 91 % R Lean R 9 R 4 R Colorado 89 % D 78 % D 95 % D 96 % D Likely D 5 D 5 D Florida 67 % D 55 % D 77 % D 69 % D Lean D 1 D 1 R Georgia 83 % R 79 % R 91 % R 88 % R Likely R 8 R 6 R Iowa 62 % R 70 % R 79 % R 74 % R Lean R 6 D 10 R Maine ( statewide ) 91 % D 83 % D 98 % D 98 % D Likely D 15 D 3 D Maine ( CD - 2 ) 64 % R 51 % D 52 % R 60 % D Lean R 9 D 10 R Michigan 94 % D 79 % D 95 % D 79 % D Lean D 9 D 1 R Minnesota 94 % D 85 % D 99 % D 98 % D Likely D 8 D 2 D Nebraska ( CD - 2 ) 80 % R 56 % R 75 % R 92 % R Lean R 7 R 3 R New Mexico 95 % D 83 % D 98 % D 91 % D Likely D 10 D 8 D Nevada 68 % D 58 % D 91 % D 84 % D Lean D 7 D 2 D New Hampshire 79 % D 70 % D 84 % D 63 % D Lean D 6 D 1 D North Carolina 64 % D 56 % D 66 % D 67 % D Lean D 2 R 4 R Ohio 54 % R 65 % R 67 % R 63 % R Lean R 3 D 9 R Pennsylvania 89 % D 77 % D 93 % D 79 % D Lean D 5 D 1 R Utah 73 % R 83 % R 86 % R 99 % R Lean R 48 R 18 R Virginia 96 % D 86 % D 98 % D 98 % D Likely D 4 D 5 D Wisconsin 93 % D 84 % D 98 % D 98 % D Likely D 7 D 1 R Viewership Legend cable news network broadcast network Total television viewers 8 : 00 to 11 : 00 PM Eastern Network Viewers CNN 13,258,000 FNC 12,112,000 NBC 11,152,000 ABC 9,236,000 CBS 8,008,000 MSNBC 5,945,000 Fox 4,196,000 Total cable TV viewers 2 : 00 to 3 : 00 AM Eastern Network Viewers FNC 9,778,000 CNN 6,452,000 MSNBC 2,858,000 Cable TV viewers 25 to 54 2 : 00 to 3 : 00 AM Eastern Network Viewers FNC 3,955,000 CNN 3,372,000 MSNBC 1,207,000 Post-election events and controversies See also : International reactions to the United States presidential election, 2016 Trump 's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts, was characterized as an `` upset '' and as `` shocking '' by the media. Protests Play media News report about the protests in Los Angeles on November 12 from Voice of America Further information : Protests against Donald Trump § Post-election protests Following the announcement of Trump 's election, large protests broke out across the United States with some continuing for several days. Protesters have held up a number of different signs and chanted various shouts including `` Not my president '' and `` We do n't accept the president - elect ''. The movement organized on Twitter under the hashtags # Antitrump and # NotMyPresident. High school and college students walked out of classes to protest. The protests were peaceful for the most part. At some protests fires were lit, flags and other items were burned and people yelled derogatory remarks about Trump. Rioters also broke glass at certain locations. Celebrities such as Madonna, Cher, and Lady Gaga took part in New York. Some protesters took to blocking freeways in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Portland, Oregon, and were dispersed by police in the early hours of the morning. In a number of cities, protesters were dispersed with rubber bullets, pepper spray and bean - bags fired by police. In New York City, calls were made to continue the protests over the coming days after the election. Former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani called protesters `` a bunch of spoiled cry - babies. '' Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti expressed understanding of the protests and praised those who peacefully wanted to make their voices heard. Vote tampering concerns Play media ' How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election ' video report from Voice of America published on November 5, 2016 After the election, computer scientists, including J. Alex Halderman, the director of the University of Michigan Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an election recount in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania ( three swing states where Trump had won narrowly ) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of electronic voting machines had influenced the recorded outcome. However, statistician Nate Silver performed a regression analysis which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper ballots and electronic voting machines `` completely disappears once you control for race and education level ''. On November 25, 2016, the Obama administration said the results from November 8 `` accurately reflect the will of the American people. '' The following day, the White House released another statement, saying : `` the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day. '' Recount Petitions Main article : 2016 United States presidential election recounts On November 23, Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein launched a public fundraiser to pay for recounts in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, asserting that the election 's outcome had been affected by hacking in those states ; Stein did not provide evidence for her claims. Changing the outcome of these three states would make Clinton the winner, and this would require showing that fewer than 60 000 votes had been counted for Trump which should have been counted for Clinton. Stein filed for a recount in Wisconsin on November 25, after which Clinton campaign general counsel Marc Elias stated that their campaign would join Stein 's recount efforts in that state and possibly others `` in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides. '' Stein subsequently filed for a recount in Pennsylvania on November 28, and in Michigan on November 30. Concurrently, American Delta Party / Reform Party presidential candidate Rocky De La Fuente sought and was granted a partial recount in Nevada that was unrelated to Stein 's efforts. President - elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing Stein 's Wisconsin recount request saying, `` The people have spoken and the election is over. '' Trump further commented that the recount `` is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded. '' The Trump campaign and Republican Party officials moved to block Stein 's three recount efforts through state and federal courts. U.S. District Judge Mark Goldsmith ordered a halt to the recount in Michigan on December 7, dissolving a previous temporary restraining order against the Michigan Board of Elections that allowed the recount to continue, stating in his order : `` Plaintiffs have not presented evidence of tampering or mistake. Instead, they present speculative claims going to the vulnerability of the voting machinery -- but not actual injury. '' On December 12, U.S. District Judge Paul Diamond rejected an appeal by the Green Party and Jill Stein to force a recount in Pennsylvania, stating that suspicion of a hacked Pennsylvania election `` borders on the irrational '' and that granting the Green Party 's recount bid could `` ensure that no Pennsylvania vote counts '' given the December 13, 2016, federal deadline to certify the vote for the Electoral College. Meanwhile, the Wisconsin recount was allowed to continue as it was nearing completion and had uncovered no significant irregularities. The recounts in Wisconsin and Nevada were completed on schedule, resulting in only minor changes to vote tallies. A partial recount of Michigan ballot found some precinct imbalances in Detroit, which were corrected. A subsequent state audit found no evidence of voter fraud and concluded that the mistakes, which were `` almost entirely '' caused by poll - worker mistakes attributed to poor training, did not impair `` the ability of Detroit residents to cast a ballot and have their vote counted. '' The overall outcome of the election remained unchanged by the recount efforts. Electoral College lobbying Intense lobbying ( in one case involving claims of harassment and death threats ) and grass - roots campaigns have been directed at various GOP electors of the United States Electoral College to convince a sufficient number of them ( 37 ) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency. Members of the Electoral College themselves started a campaign for other members to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68. This group 's members may have become faithless electors in the presidential election. On December 5, former candidate Lawrence Lessig and attorney Laurence Tribe established The Electors Trust under the aegis of EqualCitizens.US to provide pro bono legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for members of the Electoral College who are regarding a vote of conscience against Trump. On December 6, Colorado Secretary of State Wayne W. Williams castigated Democratic electors who had filed a lawsuit in Federal court to have the state law binding them to the popular vote ( in their case for Hillary Clinton ) overturned. On December 10, ten electors, in an open letter headed by Christine Pelosi to the Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, demanded an intelligence briefing in light of Russian interference in the election to help Trump win the presidency. Fifty - eight additional electors subsequently added their names to the letter, bringing the total to 68 electors from 17 different states. On December 16, the briefing request was denied. On December 19, several electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. The 115th United States Congress officially certified the results on January 6, 2017. Faithless electors Main article : Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the Electoral College vote on December 19, for the first time since 1808, multiple faithless electors voted against their pledged qualified presidential candidate. Five Democrats rebelled in Washington and Hawaii, while two Republicans rebelled in Texas. Two Democratic electors, one in Minnesota and one in Colorado, were replaced after voting for Bernie Sanders and John Kasich, respectively. Electors in Maine conducted a second vote after one of its members voted for Sanders ; the elector then voted for Clinton. Likewise, for the first time since 1896, multiple faithless electors voted against the pledged qualified vice presidential candidate. One Clinton elector in Colorado attempted to vote for John Kasich. The single vote was ruled invalid by Colorado state law, the elector was dismissed, and an alternative elector was sworn in who voted for Clinton. One Clinton elector in Minnesota voted for Bernie Sanders as President and Tulsi Gabbard as vice president ; his votes were discarded and he was replaced by an alternate who voted for Clinton. One Clinton elector in Maine voted for Bernie Sanders ; this vote was invalidated as `` improper '' and the elector subsequently voted for Clinton. Four Clinton electors in Washington did not vote for Clinton ( three votes went to Colin Powell, and one to Faith Spotted Eagle ). One Trump elector in Georgia resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate. Two Trump electors in Texas did not vote for Trump ( one vote went to John Kasich, one to Ron Paul ) ; one elector did not vote for Pence and instead voted for Carly Fiorina for Vice-President ; a third resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate. One Clinton elector in Hawaii voted for Bernie Sanders. Of the faithless votes, Colin Powell and Elizabeth Warren were the only two to receive more than one ; Powell received three electoral votes for President and Warren received two for Vice President. Receiving one valid electoral vote each were Sanders, John Kasich, Ron Paul and Faith Spotted Eagle for President, and Carly Fiorina, Susan Collins, Winona LaDuke and Maria Cantwell for Vice President. Sanders is the first Jewish American to receive an electoral vote for President. LaDuke is the first Green Party member to receive an electoral vote, and Paul is the third member of the Libertarian Party to do so, following the party 's presidential and vice-presidential nominees each getting one vote in 1972. It is the first election with faithless electors from more than one political party. The seven people to receive electoral votes for president were the most in a single election since 1796, and more than any other election since the enactment of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804. See also History of the United States ( 2008 -- present ) Inauguration of Donald Trump United States gubernatorial elections, 2016 United States House of Representatives elections, 2016 United States Senate elections, 2016 2010s portal Politics portal United States portal Notes ^ Jump up to : In state - by - state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Jump up ^ In early elections, beginning with the election of George Washington, many electors were chosen by state legislatures instead of public balloting and, in those states which practiced public balloting, votes were cast for undifferentiated lists of candidates, leaving no or only partial vote totals. Some states continued to allocate electors by legislative vote as late as 1876. ^ Jump up to : Maine split its electoral votes for the first time since 1828. Jump up ^ The 1872 presidential election also saw multiple electors vote for a different candidate than that pledged, due to the death of Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley, after the popular vote, yet before the meeting of the Electoral College. Greeley still garnered three posthumous electoral votes which were subsequently dismissed by Congress. Jump up ^ Not 1912, because James S. Sherman was dead. 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Mike Pence formally nominated as the Republican Party 's vice presidential candidate ''. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved July 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Keith, Tamara ; Montanar, Domenico ( April 10, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement ''. NPR. Retrieved April 12, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Second straight poll shows Bernie Sanders leading in New Hampshire ''. Boston Globe. Retrieved August 26, 2015. Jump up ^ Merica, Dan ( April 30, 2015 ). `` Bernie Sanders is running for president ''. CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls ''. The Huffington Post. August 25, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Huffpost Pollster ''. The Huffington Post. October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015. Jump up ^ Jackson, David ; Cooper, Allen ( May 30, 2015 ). `` Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race ''. USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2015. Jump up ^ DelReal, Jose A. 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The Washington Post. ISSN 0190 - 8286. Retrieved October 25, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Strauss, Daniel ( November 2, 2015 ). `` Lessig drops out of presidential race ''. Politico. Retrieved November 2, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Nevada Caucus Results ''. The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2016. Jump up ^ `` South Carolina Primary Results ''. The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Why The Polls Missed Bernie Sanders 's Michigan Upset ''. FiveThirtyEight. March 9, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016. Jump up ^ Roberts, Dan ; Jacobs, Ben ( May 4, 2016 ). `` Bernie Sanders pulls off shock victory over Hillary Clinton in Indiana ''. The Guardian. Retrieved May 4, 2016. Jump up ^ Dann, Carrie ( June 6, 2016 ). `` Clinton hits ' magic number ' of delegates to clinch nomination ''. NBC News. Retrieved June 7, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Democratic Convention 2016 ''. thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Sanders vows to help Clinton beat Trump, but keeps campaign alive ''. Reuters. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Sanders backers frustrated by defeats at Orlando platform meeting ''. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 25, 2016. Jump up ^ Reily, Molly ( July 12, 2016 ). `` Bernie Sanders Endorses Hillary Clinton For President ''. Huffington Post. Retrieved July 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Chozick, Amy. `` Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid ''. The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015. Jump up ^ Karni, Annie ( April 12, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run ''. Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing '' ( PDF ). FEC. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015. Jump up ^ Lee, MJ ; Merica, Dan ; Zeleny, Jeff ( July 12, 2016 ). `` Bernie Sanders endorses Hillary Clinton ''. CNN. Retrieved November 3, 2017. Jump up ^ Yglesias, Matthew ( February 1, 2016 ) `` Iowa Results : Martin O'Malley drops out after third place finish '', Vox.com. Retrieved February 1, 2016. Jump up ^ Fritze, John ( June 9, 2016 ). `` Martin O'Malley endorses Hillary Clinton ''. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Merica, Dan ; LoBianco, Tom ( October 23, 2015 ) `` Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race '', CNN.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015 Jump up ^ Walsh, Michael ( October 20, 2015 ) `` Jim Webb drops out of Democratic primary race '', Yahoo ! Politics. Retrieved October 23, 2015. Jump up ^ Healy, Patrick ( April 23, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton 's Campaign, Cautious but Confident, Begins Considering Running Mates ''. The New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Matthews, Dylan ( June 16, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton 's VP shortlist has leaked. Here are the pros and cons of each ''. Vox. Retrieved July 23, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Gearan, Anne ( July 19, 2016 ). `` Two names emerge from Clinton 's VP deliberations : Kaine and Vilsack ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Gearan, Anne ; Wagner, John ( July 22, 2016 ). `` Sen. Timothy M. Kaine of Virginia chosen as Hillary Clinton 's VP ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Collins, Eliza ( January 6, 2016 ). `` Libertarian Gary Johnson launches presidential bid ''. Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Gary Johnson U.S. FEC filing '' ( PDF ). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved November 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` New Hampshire Secretary of State Says Jill Stein Petition is Valid ''. ballot-access.org. Retrieved September 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Ballot Access ''. gp.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( August 11, 2016 ). `` Jill Stein Qualifies for Write - in Status in North Carolina ; No Other Write - in Presidential Candidate Does So ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( August 10, 2016 ). `` Rocky De La Fuente and Jill Stein File Oklahoma Ballot Access Case ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Nevada Green Party Loses Ballot Access Lawsuit ''. ballot-access.org. Retrieved September 2, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Exclusive : Green Party 's Jill Stein Announces She Is Running for President on Democracy Now ! ''. Democracy Now !. June 22, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Green Party candidate Jill Stein announces VP running mate ''. August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016. ^ Jump up to : McMullin, Evan. `` 34 States and Counting ''. Evan McMullin for President. Rumpf, Sarah. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` November 8, 2016, General Election Certified List of Write - In Candidates '' ( PDF ). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. California Secretary of State. October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Registered Write - In Candidates November 8, 2016 '' ( PDF ). sots.ct.gov. Connecticut Secretary of State. October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 General Election Write - In Presidential Candidates '' ( PDF ). sos.ks.gov. Kansas Secretary of State. October 31, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( October 31, 2016 ). `` Missouri Secretary of State Releases List of Presidential Write - in Candidates ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Official Write - In Candidates for President '' ( PDF ). www.elections.ny.gov. New York State Board of Elections. October 24, 2016. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( October 20, 2016 ). `` Six Write - in Presidential Candidates File to Have North Dakota Write - ins Counted ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 20, 2016. Jump up ^ Strauss, Daniel ( September 7, 2016 ). `` Whoops : Independent candidate appears to have accidentally picked a running mate ''. Politico. Retrieved November 16, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Anti-Trump Republican Launching Independent Presidential Bid ''. BuzzFeed. Retrieved August 8, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Ballot access The Constitution Party ''. www.constitutionparty.com. Retrieved October 3, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( September 7, 2016 ). `` North Dakota Says All Three Independent Presidential Petitions are Valid ''. Ballot Access News. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Election Information ''. azsos.gov. Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved September 28, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Kemp, Brian ( September 12, 2016 ). `` Qualifying Candidate Information ''. sos.ga.gov. Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved September 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Candidate Listing ''. elections.state.md.us. Maryland State Board of Elections. 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Certification of Write - in Candidates -- President and Vice President '' ( PDF ). Virginia Department of Elections. Retrieved November 9, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Constitution Party Nominates Darrell Castle and Scott Bradley ''. April 16, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( September 1, 2016 ). `` September 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition ''. Ballot Access News. p. 5. Retrieved September 15, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Eight Presidential Candidates will be on Mississippi ballot ''. ballot-access.org. September 9, 2016. Jump up ^ `` New Hampshire Says Rocky De La Fuente Has Enough Valid Signatures ''. ballot-access.org. Retrieved September 8, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Federal Nominations filed for the 2016 General Election ''. elections.ny.gov. New York State Board of Elections. August 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Rhode Island Secretary of State Says Three Independent Presidential Petitions Have Enough Valid Signatures ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 9, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Wyoming Says Jill Stein and Rocky De La Fuente Have Enough Valid Signatures ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 8, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( July 1, 2016 ). `` Ballot Access News ''. ballot-access.org. p. 4. Retrieved September 10, 2016. States that allow write - ins in the general election, and do n't have write - in filing laws, are legally obliged to count all write - ins : Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont... Only one state, South Carolina, has a law that says that although write - ins in general elections are permitted, they are not permitted for president. ^ Jump up to : `` Declared Write - In Candidates, November 8, 2016 General Election '' ( PDF ). elections.delaware.gov. Delaware Department of Elections. 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 General Election Candidate Abbreviated List '' ( PDF ). www.in.gov. Indiana Secretary of State Election Division. August 22, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( November 1, 2016 ). `` Missouri Secretary of State Adds Rocky De La Fuente to the List of Declared Write - in Presidential Candidates ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 1, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Roza, Tony ( 2016 ). `` Nebraska 2016 General Election ''. thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved November 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Oregon ''. ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 20, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Official List of Write - In Candidates for the 2016 General Election '' ( PDF ). sos.wa.gov. Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved October 18, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Write - In Candidate Listing '' ( PDF ). sos.wv.gov. West Virginia Secretary of State. 2016. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( August 13, 2016 ). `` Peace & Freedom Party Nominates Gloria LaRiva for President ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( May 15, 2016 ). `` Liberty Union Party of Vermont Nominates Gloria La Riva for President ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 16, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( September 1, 2016 ). `` September 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition ''. ballot-access.org. p. 6. Retrieved September 15, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Candidate Listing ''. elections.myflorida.com. Florida Department of State, Division of Elections. 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Tony Roza, ed. ( 2016 ). `` Minnesota 2016 General Election ''. thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved October 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Workers World Party Nominates Monica Moorehead for President ''. November 9, 2015. Retrieved August 2, 2016. Jump up ^ Hudnall, David. `` Durham 's Lamont Lilly is Running for Vice President ( of the United States ) ''. Retrieved August 2, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 November General Write - In List '' ( PDF ). sos.idaho.gov. Idaho Secretary of State. October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Tony Roza, ed. ( 2016 ). `` Massachusetts 2016 General Election ''. thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved October 20, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Winger, Richard ( November 2, 2016 ). `` Michigan List of Declared Write - in Presidential Candidates ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Jorden, Henry ( October 5, 2016 ). `` 2016 General Election Official State - Filed Write - In Candidates '' ( PDF ). sos.mt.gov. Montana Secretary of State. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 29, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Pietenpol, Laura ( October 3, 2016 ). `` Ohio 2016 General Election Candidates List ''. sos.state.oh.us. Ohio Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Write - in Certificate with New Presidential Write - in '' ( PDF ). sos.state.tx.us. Texas Secretary of State. 2016. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Natural Law Party of Michigan Nominates Socialist Party National Ticket Ballot Access News ''. Ballot-access.org. Retrieved August 2, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( October 17, 2015 ). `` Socialist Party National Ticket Nominated ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 17, 2015. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( September 26, 2016 ). `` Socialist Party is Only Party, Besides Republicans and Democrats, to File for Guam Advisory Presidential Vote ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 26, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Candidate Fillings ''. elections.utah.gov. Utah Lieutenant Governor. 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Registered Write - in Candidates for November 8, 2016 '' ( PDF ). elections.wi.gov. Wisconsin Elections Commission. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket ''. Ballot Access News. July 31, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015. Jump up ^ `` James Hedges FEC Filing '' ( PDF ). Federal Election Commission. October 27, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` November 8, 2016 General Election Candidate List ''. elections.alaska.gov. State of Alaska Division of Elections. 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Election Candidate Filings -- President of the United States ''. apps.sos.ky.gov. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016. Jump up ^ Husted, Jon ( August 24, 2016 ). `` Husted Announces Independent Candidates for President and Vice President ''. sos.state.oh.us. Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved September 12, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( September 19, 2016 ). `` Georgia Secretary of State Now Says Laurence Kotlikoff May be a Declared Write - in Presidential Candidate ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 21, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` November 8, 2016 Write - in Candidates ''. cookcountyclerk.com. Cook County Clerk. 2016. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` List of Declared Write - in Candidates for the General Election ''. maine.gov. Maine Bureau of Corporations, Elections & Commissions. September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Summers, Kathy ( October 4, 2016 ), `` Certified Write - In Candidates for United States President November 8, 2016 '', sos.tn.gov, Tennessee Secretary of State, retrieved October 4, 2016 Jump up ^ Ziggler, Jed ( January 1, 2016 ). `` Tom Hoefling Announces 2016 Presidential Campaign ''. Independent Political Report. Retrieved January 15, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( September 26, 2016 ). `` Arkansas Secretary of State Removes Tom Hoefling from Ballot for President ''. ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Chris Keniston 2016 ''. Chris Keniston 2016. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Veterans Party of America ''. Veterans Party of America. ^ Jump up to : Wayne Williams, ed. ( August 31, 2016 ). `` 2016 General Election Candidate List ''. sos.state.co.us. Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( June 1, 2016 ). `` American Party of South Carolina Nominates Peter Skewes for President ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved June 5, 2016. Jump up ^ Silva, Rod ( October 20, 2015 ). `` FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy '' ( PDF ). fec.gov. Retrieved December 22, 2015. Jump up ^ Silva, Rod. `` My fellow Americans ''. Rod Silva for President 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Tom Schedler, ed. ( 2016 ). `` Candidate Inquiry ''. sos.la.gov. Louisiana Department of State. Retrieved September 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 2016 November General Candidate List '' ( PDF ). sos.idaho.gov. Idaho Secretary of State. September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Chozick, Amy ( March 4, 2016 ). `` Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ `` Hillary Clinton : Equal pay, problem - solving would be top priorities ''. CBS News. February 24, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Lerder, Lisa ( April 19, 2015 ). `` Clinton patches relations with liberals at campaign 's outset ''. The Big Story. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Jump up ^ Chozick, Amy ( May 5, 2015 ). `` A Path to Citizenship, Clinton Says, ' Is at Its Heart a Family Issue ' ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Geoff, Colvin ( April 28, 2016 ). `` Explaining Donald Trump 's Massive Branding Power ''. Fortune. Retrieved July 16, 2016. Jump up ^ Mai - Duc, Christine ( November 12, 2015 ). `` Inside the Southern California factory that makes the Donald Trump hats ''. latimes.com. Retrieved July 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Cassidy, John ( February 29, 2016 ). `` Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party ''. The New Yorker. Retrieved March 5, 2016. What is perhaps more surprising, at least to Washington - based conservatives, is how many Republicans are also embracing Trump 's populist lines on ending free trade, protecting Social Security, and providing basic health care. Jump up ^ `` How Trump Exposed the Tea Party ''. Politico Magazine. For years the Republican elite has gotten away with promoting policies about trade and entitlements that are the exact opposites of the policies favored by much of their electoral base. Populist conservatives who want to end illegal immigration, tax the rich, protect Social Security and Medicare, and fight fewer foreign wars have been there all along. It 's just that mainstream pundits and journalists, searching for a libertarian right more to their liking ( and comprehension ), refused to see them before the Summer of Trump. Jump up ^ Nicholas Confessore ( March 28, 2016 ). `` How the G.O.P. Elite Lost Its Voters to Donald Trump ''. The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2016. While wages declined and workers grew anxious about retirement, Republicans offered an economic program still centered on tax cuts for the affluent and the curtailing of popular entitlements like Medicare and Social Security. Jump up ^ Greg Sargent ( March 28, 2016 ). `` This one anecdote perfectly explains how Donald Trump is hijacking the GOP ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2016. Jump up ^ Thomas B. Edsall ( March 30, 2016 ). `` Who Are the Angriest Republicans ? ''. The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2016. Jump up ^ Steve Rattner ( January 8, 2016 ). `` White, working class men back Trump, charts show '' ( video ). Morning Joe MNSBC. Retrieved March 25, 2016. Steve Rattner breaks down the demographics of who is supporting Donald Trump and how these supporters are doing financially. Duration : 2 : 25 Jump up ^ Jeff Guo ( March 4, 2016 ). `` Death predicts whether people vote for Donald Trump ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2016. Even after controlling for these other factors, the middle - aged white death rate in a county was still a significant predictor of the share of votes that went to Trump Jump up ^ Nate Cohn, Donald Trump 's Strongest Supporters : A Certain Kind of Democrat, The New York Times ( December 31, 2015 ). Jump up ^ Thrush, Glenn ; Haberman, Maggie ( May 2014 ). `` What Is Hillary Clinton Afraid Of ''. Politico. Jump up ^ Merica, Dan ( March 24, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton seeks ' new beginning ' with the press ''. CNN. Jump up ^ Horowitz, Jason ( May 22, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton, Acutely Aware of Pitfalls, Avoids Press on Campaign Trail ''. The New York Times. it makes all the political sense in the world for Mrs. Clinton to ignore them Jump up ^ Waldman, Paul ( June 2, 2015 ). `` Why Hillary Clinton needs to start treating the press better ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, Measuring Donald Trump 's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media, The New York Times ( March 16, 2016 ). Jump up ^ `` How much does Donald Trump dominate TV news coverage ? This much ''. CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Tyndall, Andrew. `` COMMENTS : Campaign 2016 Coverage : Annual Totals for 2015 ''. Retrieved February 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Byers, Dylan. `` Donald Trump : Media King, 2015 ''. CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Walsh, Kenneth. `` How Donald Trump 's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign ''. US News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 43 Times Donald Trump Has Attacked The Media As A Presidential Candidate ''. The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Fandos, Nicholas ( July 11, 2015 ). `` Donald Trump Defiantly Rallies a New ' Silent Majority ' in a Visit to Arizona ''. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2015. Jump up ^ Walsh, Kenneth. `` Trump : Media Is ' Dishonest and Corrupt ' '' Archived September 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News and World Report ( August 15, 2016 ). Jump up ^ Koppel, Ted. `` Trump : ' I feel I 'm an honest person ' '', CBS News ( July 24, 2016 ). Jump up ^ `` RealClearPolitics -- Clinton & Trump : Favorability Ratings ''. Real Clear Politics. Retrieved November 16, 2016. Jump up ^ Schmidt, Michael S. ; Chozick, Amy ( March 3, 2015 ). `` Using Private Email, Hillary Clinton Thwarted Record Requests ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Leonnig, Carol D. ; Helderman, Rosalind S. ; Gearan, Anne ( March 6, 2015 ). `` Clinton e-mail review could find security issues ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ Dilanian, Ken ( February 4, 2016 ). `` Clinton Emails Held Indirect References to Undercover CIA Officers ''. NBC News. Jump up ^ Shane, Scott ; Schmidt, Michael S. ( August 8, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton Emails Take Long Path to Controversy ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Cox, Douglas ( July 27, 2015 ). `` Hillary Clinton email controversy : How serious is it ? ''. CNN. Jump up ^ Kessler, Glenn ( February 4, 2016 ). `` How did ' top secret ' emails end up on Hillary Clinton 's server ? ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ Perez, Evan ; Brown, Pamela ( October 29, 2016 ). `` Comey notified Congress of email probe despite DOJ concerns ''. CNN. Retrieved October 29, 2016. Jump up ^ Perez, Evan ; Brown, Pamela ( October 31, 2016 ). `` FBI discovered Clinton - related emails weeks ago ''. CNN. Retrieved October 31, 2016. Jump up ^ `` FBI finds no criminality in review of newly discovered Clinton emails ''. NBC News. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Emails Warrant No New Action Against Hillary Clinton, F.B.I. Director Says ''. The New York Times. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016. Jump up ^ Montanaro, Domenico ( September 10, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton 's ' Basket Of Deplorables, ' In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign ''. NPR. The remarks also remind of inflammatory remarks in recent presidential elections on both sides -- from Barack Obama 's assertion in 2008 that people in small towns are `` bitter '' and `` cling to guns or religion, '' to Mitt Romney 's 2012 statement that 47 percent of Americans vote for Democrats because they are `` dependent upon government '' and believe they are `` victims, '' to his vice presidential pick Paul Ryan 's comment that the country is divided between `` makers and takers. '' Jump up ^ Epstein, Jennifer ( September 10, 2016 ). `` Clinton Calls Some Trump Supporters ' Basket of Deplorables ' ''. Bloomberg News. Republican pollster Frank Luntz described Clinton 's comments as her `` 47 percent moment, '' a reference to Republican Mitt Romney 's remarks at a private fundraiser in the 2012 campaign. Jump up ^ Chozick, Amy ( September 10, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers ' Deplorables, ' and GOP Pounces ''. New York Times. Prof. Jennifer Mercieca, an expert in American political discourse at Texas A&M University, said in an email that the `` deplorable '' comment `` sounds bad on the face of it '' and compared it to Mr. Romney 's 47 percent gaffe. `` The comment demonstrates that she ( like Romney ) lacks empathy for that group, '' Professor Mercieca said. Jump up ^ Reilly, Katie ( September 10, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton Says She Regrets Part of Her ' Deplorables ' Comment ''. Time. Jump up ^ Flegenheimer, Matt ( August 25, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton Says ' Radical Fringe ' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump ''. New York Times. Jump up ^ Cassidy, John, A Sexual Predator in the Republican Party 's Midst, The New Yorker, October 8, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 ''. Retrieved October 7, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 2005 Video Shows Donald Trump Saying Lewd Things About Women ''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Trump on hot mic : ' When you 're a star... You can do anything ' to women ''. Retrieved October 7, 2016. Jump up ^ Harrington, Rebecca ( October 7, 2016 ). `` RNC Chair Reince Priebus condemns Trump for obscene comments about women in 2005 video ''. Business Insider. Retrieved October 8, 2016. Jump up ^ Lee, Kurtis ( October 7, 2016 ). `` Speaker Paul Ryan disinvites Trump to his campaign event, says he 's ' sickened ' by tape ''. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 7, 2016. Jump up ^ Blake, Aaron ( October 8, 2016 ). `` Here 's the fast - growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 8, 2016. Jump up ^ Costa, Robert ( October 8, 2016 ). `` Amid growing calls to drop out, Trump vows to ' never withdraw ' ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 8, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Gary Johnson : Third party is going to be the Libertarian Party On Air Videos ''. Fox Business. Retrieved April 27, 2016. Jump up ^ Benjy Sarlin, Anti-Trump forces have few options for third party alternative, MSNBC ( March 4, 2016 ) : `` ' I am the third party, ' former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, the party 's 2012 nominee, told conservative gathering CPAC on Thursday. ' The Libertarian Party will be on the ballot in all 50 states. ' '' Jump up ^ Rogers, Ed ( December 14, 2012 ). `` Who is Gary Johnson ? ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016. Jump up ^ `` As Between Trump and Clinton, Gary Johnson ( or Austin Petersen ) is the Best Choice for President ''. RedState. May 4, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016. Jump up ^ Watkins, Eli. `` Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson : What Donald Trump says is ' ridiculous ' ''. CNN. Retrieved May 12, 2016. Jump up ^ Maggie Haberman ; Alexander Burns ( October 5, 2016 ). `` Gary Johnson Equates Syria Deaths Caused by Assad and West ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Weigel, David ( October 7, 2016 ). `` Gary Johnson gives a foreign policy speech and chides the media for giving him pop quizzes ''. The Washington Post. Johnson tried to put a string of foreign policy gaffes behind him on Friday... ^ Jump up to : Wright, David. `` What is Aleppo ? ''. CNN. Retrieved September 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Nelson, Louis ( September 8, 2016 ). `` Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson : ' What is Aleppo ? ' ''. Politico. Retrieved September 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` I am Jill Stein, Green Party candidate for President, AMA ! / r / IAmA ''. reddit. Retrieved July 19, 2016. Jump up ^ `` WATCH / / Jill Stein : To stop Trump 's neofascism, we must stop Clinton 's neoliberalism ''. Haaretz.com. Retrieved July 31, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Left Forum 2016, Is Sanders the Answer to Building Left and Black Power ? ''. youtube. Open University of the Left. Retrieved August 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Jonathan Easley ; Ben Kamisar ( September 28, 2016 ). `` Democrats target Libertarian ticket ''. The Hill. ^ Jump up to : `` Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results '' ( PDF ). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2018. ^ Jump up to : Leip, David ( January 20, 2017 ). `` 2016 Presidential General Election Results ''. Dave Leip 's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Newton, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Camia, Catalina ; Moore, Martha A. ( February 12, 2015 ). `` Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention ''. USA Today. Retrieved February 12, 2015. Jump up ^ `` RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host ''. CBS News. August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014. Jump up ^ Isenstadt, Alex ( January 14, 2014 ). `` GOP convention set for July 18 -- 21 in 2016 ''. Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2015. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( July 11, 2014 ). `` Libertarian Party Moves into National Party Headquarters That it Owns ''. Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 11, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15 -- 16, 2012 '' ( PDF ). Libertarian National Committee. p. 4. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on February 2, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2014. Jump up ^ Winger, Richard ( August 2, 2015 ) `` Green Party Will Hold Presidential Convention in Houston '', Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 5, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Houston, We Have a Solution -- Vote Green 2016 ''. Green Party of the United States. April 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Mills, Glen ( April 14, 2016 ) `` The Constitution Party hosts national convention in Salt Lake City '', Good4Utah. Retrieved September 14, 2016. Jump up ^ `` 2016 Presidential Race ''. OpenSecrets.org. Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Summary data for Hillary Clinton, 2016 Cycle ''. opensecrets.org. 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P00003392 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Summary data for Donald Trump, 2016 Cycle ''. opensecrets.org. 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P80001571 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Summary data for Gary Johnson, 2016 Cycle ''. opensecrets.org. 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P20002671 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P60016342 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Summary data for Jill Stein, 2016 Cycle ''. opensecrets.org. 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Committee ID : C00581199 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P60022654 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P60021102 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P80005572 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Committee ID : C00607788 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Details for Candidate ID : P60012960 ''. fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Editorial Board ( September 24, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton for President ''. The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2016. Jump up ^ Politico staff ( September 23, 2016 ). `` LA Times endorses Clinton, bashes Trump ''. Politico. Retrieved September 24, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Lim, Naomi ( August 1, 2016 ). `` Hillary Clinton endorsed by Houston Chronicle, Trump ' danger to the Republic ' ''. CNN. Jump up ^ `` Editorial : In battle for America 's soul, Hillary Clinton is our pick ''. The San Jose Mercury News. October 21, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Editorial : Vote for Clinton and avert a train wreck ''. Chicago Sun - Times. Retrieved September 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Daily News Editorial Board says Vote Hillary Clinton : She 's the best choice for President, while Donald Trump represents a clear and present danger to the republic ''. Daily News. New York. July 28, 2016. Jump up ^ Diaz, John ( October 7, 2016 ). `` Trump strikes out on newspaper endorsements ''. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 26, 2016. Jump up ^ Hod, Italy. `` Donald Trump Makes History With Zero Major Newspaper Endorsements ''. Yahoo News. Retrieved October 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Editorial : Donald Trump for president ''. 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Jump up ^ `` RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - Virginia : Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein ''. www.realclearpolitics.com. Retrieved July 14, 2017. Jump up ^ `` RealClearPolitics -- Election 2016 -- Wisconsin : Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein ''. Real Clear Politics. Retrieved January 3, 2017. Jump up ^ Skibba, Ramin ( 2016 ). `` Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts ''. Nature. 539 ( 7629 ) : 339. Bibcode : 2016Natur. 539... 339S. doi : 10.1038 / nature. 2016.20968. PMID 27853221. Jump up ^ Graefe, Andreas ( November 9, 2016 ). `` A terrible day for election forecasters. Where are the winners ? ''. pollyvote.com. Retrieved November 13, 2016. Jump up ^ Grossman, Ron ( November 11, 2016 ). `` It 's happened before : Truman 's defeat of Dewey had hints of Trump - Clinton ''. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Rutenberg, Jim ( November 9, 2016 ). `` A ' Dewey Defeats Truman ' Lesson for the Digital Age ''. New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2018. Jump up ^ Trende, Sean ( November 12, 2016 ). `` It Was n't the Polls That Missed, It Was the Pundits ''. RealClearPolitics. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Jump up ^ Silver, Nate. `` The Invisible Undecided Voter ''. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Jump up ^ Kennedy, Courtney ; Blumenthal, Mark ; Clement, Scott ; Clinton, Joshua D ; Durand, Claire ; Franklin, Charles ; McGeeney, Kyley ; Miringoff, Lee ; Olson, Kristen ( 6 March 2018 ). `` An Evaluation of the 2016 Election Polls in the United States ''. Public Opinion Quarterly. 82 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 33. doi : 10.1093 / poq / nfx047. ISSN 0033 - 362X. Jump up ^ `` Election Update : Do n't Ignore The Polls -- Clinton Leads, But It 's A Close Race ''. FiveThirtyEight. November 6, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017. Jump up ^ Silver, Nate ( June 29, 2016 ). `` 2016 Election Forecast ''. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved January 26, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict ''. Politico Magazine. Retrieved January 31, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Voter profiles in ten 2016 swing states ''. Whipboard. August 8, 2016. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Katz, Josh ( July 19, 2016 ). `` 2016 Election Forecast : Who Will Be President ? ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved January 31, 2017. Jump up ^ `` 2016 Election Night poised to be most - watched in history ''. Adweek. November 7, 2016. Jump up ^ Lohr, Steve ; Singer, Natasha. `` How Data Failed Us in Calling an Election ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ D.R. ( November 9, 2016 ). `` How did the polls get it wrong ? ''. The Economist. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Catanese, David ( October 24, 2016 ). `` Republicans ' Last Hope : The Polls Are Wrong ''. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved December 6, 2016. Jump up ^ Vogel, Kenneth P. ; Isenstadt, Alex ( November 9, 2016 ). `` How Did Everyone Get it So Wrong ? ''. Politico. Retrieved December 6, 2016. Jump up ^ Flint, Joe ; Alpert, Lukas I. ( November 9, 2016 ). `` How the Media 's Election Predictions Badly Missed the Mark ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 6, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Donald Trump 's Victory Is Met With Shock Across a Wide Political Divide ''. The New York Times. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Arkin, Daniel ; Siemaszko, Corky ( November 9, 2016 ). `` 2016 Election : Donald Trump Wins the White House in Upset ''. NBC News. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` How Donald Trump swept to an unreal, surreal presidential election win ''. Guardian. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016. Jump up ^ Goldmacher, Shane ; Schreckinger, Ben ( November 9, 2016 ). `` Trump Pulls Off Biggest Upset in U.S. History ''. Politico. Retrieved December 6, 2016. ^ Jump up to : Bromwich, Jonah Engel ( November 11, 2016 ). `` Protests of Trump 's Election Continue Into Third Day ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved November 12, 2016. Jump up ^ Domonoske, Camila ; Overland, Martha Ann ( November 9, 2016 ). `` Across The Country, Thousands March In Protest Against Trump 's Victory : The Two - Way ''. NPR. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Calvert, Scott ; McWhirter, Cameron ( November 11, 2016 ). `` Anti-Trump Protests Likely to Continue Friday and Saturday ''. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Leah Sottile ; Samantha Schmidt ; Brian Murphy ( November 11, 2016 ). `` As anti-Trump anger feeds protests and violence, Obama echoes appeals for unity ''. The Washington Post. Jump up ^ Ratzlaff, Angela. `` Here are all the Southern California students who walked out of high schools to protest Donald Trump ''. Press Enterprise. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Galeano, Javier ( November 10, 2016 ). `` In second day of anti-Trump protests, civil rights a top concern ''. Reuters. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Oxnard students took to the streets protesting Trump ''. Ventura County Star. November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ `` ' F * * k Trump ' : Protesters take to streets in pro-Hillary Oregon after election results ''. Russia Today. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016. Jump up ^ Meyjes, Toby ( November 9, 2016 ). `` Rioting breaks out in the US in reaction to Donald Trump 's shock victory ''. Metro. Retrieved November 9, 2016. Jump up ^ Chabba, Seerat ( November 9, 2016 ). `` Donald Trump Elected President : Riots Break Out At University Campuses After Republican 's Win ''. International Business Times. Retrieved November 9, 2016. Jump up ^ Bitette, Nicole ( November 10, 2016 ). `` Madonna, Mark Ruffalo, T.I. and more celebrities join New York City anti-Trump protests ''. The New York Daily News. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Gotty, John ( November 10, 2016 ). `` Cher, Madonna And T.I. Lend Their Support To NYC 's Anti-Trump Protests ''. UPROXX. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Lang, Cady ( November 10, 2016 ). `` Lady Gaga Protested Outside Trump Tower During the Election ''. TIME. Retrieved November 10, 2016. Jump up ^ Rand, Jory Rand bio, about Jory ( November 10, 2016 ). `` Thousands protest Trump election in LA, block 101 Freeway downtown ''. ABC7 Los Angeles. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ TEGNA. `` 6 arrested after march disrupts I - 5 Portland traffic ''. KGW. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ about, John Gregory, bio, ( November 10, 2016 ). `` Police fire rubber bullets at anti-Trump protesters in Santa Ana ; 10 arrested ''. ABC7 Los Angeles. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` '' Not My President `` : Tens of Thousands Take to Streets, Block Freeways & Rally Against Trump ''. Democracy Now !. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Serna, Joseph. `` Anti-Trump protests continue for second day in California following a night of vandalism and arrests ''. Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458 - 3035. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Fuller, Thomas ( November 9, 2016 ). `` Anti-Trump Demonstrators Take to the Streets in Several U.S. Cities ''. The New York Times. ISSN 0362 - 4331. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Jump up ^ Schwab, Nikki ( November 10, 2017 ). `` Rudy Giuliani calls college kids ' a bunch of spoiled crybabies ' -- as universities bring in therapy dogs and Play - Doh to soothe Hillary supporters ''. Daily Mail. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ `` L.A. Mayor Praises Peaceful Anti-Trump Protests ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. November 10, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ CNN, Dan Merica. `` Computer scientists to Clinton campaign : Challenge election results ''. CNN. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Sherman, Gabriel. `` Experts Urge Clinton Campaign to Challenge Election Results in 3 Swing States ''. Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Halderman, J. Alex ( November 24, 2016 ). `` Want to Know if the Election was Hacked ? Look at the Ballots ''. Medium. Retrieved November 24, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Nate Silver on Twitter ''. Twitter. Retrieved November 24, 2016. Jump up ^ Sanger, David E. `` U.S. Officials Defend Integrity of Vote, Despite Hacking Fears ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2016. Jump up ^ Sanger, David E. `` Hillary Clinton 's Team to Join Wisconsin Recount Pushed by Jill Stein ''. The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2016. Jump up ^ Weigel, David ( November 24, 2016 ). `` Why are people giving Jill Stein millions of dollars for an election recount ? ''. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 15, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Stein Ends Recount Bid, but Says It Revealed Flaws in Voting System ''. The New York Times. December 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition ''. nbcnews.com. Retrieved November 26, 2016. Jump up ^ Marc Elias ( November 26, 2016 ). `` Listening and Responding To Calls for an Audit and Recount ''. Medium. Retrieved November 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Jill Stein files petition seeking Pennsylvania presidential election recount ''. pennlive.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Jill Stein files for Michigan recount ''. Politico. November 30, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Read : Trump Slams Jill Stein Over ' Ridiculous ' Vote Recount Effort ''. Fox News. November 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Trump Campaign Objects To Michigan Hand Recount ''. CBS Detroit. December 1, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Michigan attorney general files lawsuit to stop recount ''. CNN.com. December 2, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Michigan recount halted ''. CNN.com. December 8, 2016. Jump up ^ `` U.S. judge rejects Green Party 's Pennsylvania recount case ; Wisconsin recount finished ''. Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Latest : Judge to Rule Monday on Pennsylvania Recount ''. ABC News. December 9, 2016. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump 's lead by 131 votes ''. Wisconsin State Journal. December 12, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Nevada ballot recount changes just 15 Trump, Clinton votes ''. Fox 5 KVVU - TV. December 8, 2016. Jump up ^ Kathleen Gray ( February 9, 2017 ). `` State audit : No evidence of fraud in Detroit vote ''. Detroit Free Press. Jump up ^ `` Green Party U.S. election recount bid comes to a close ''. Reuters. December 13, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Electoral College voter : I 'm getting death threats CNN ''. cnn.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016. Jump up ^ Dentzer, Bill ( November 15, 2016 ). `` Electoral College : Are Idaho 's 4 electors being pressured to dump Trump, or harassed ? ''. The Idaho Statesman. Jump up ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee ( November 21, 2016 ). `` Trump opponents ' campaign to beat him at the Electoral College is a long shot ''. Associated Press. Jump up ^ O'Donnell, Lilly. `` Meet the ' Hamilton Electors ' Campaigning for an Electoral College Revolt ''. The Atlantic. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Hamilton Electors Facebook ''. www.facebook.com. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Hamilton Electors ''. Hamilton Electors. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ `` HamiltonElectors ( @ HamiltonElector ) Twitter ''. twitter.com. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Cheney, Kyle. `` Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors ''. Jump up ^ Cheney, Kyle. `` Colorado secretary of state slams rogue electors ''. Jump up ^ Cheney, Kyle ( December 12, 2016 ). `` Electors demand intelligence briefing before Electoral College vote ''. ^ Jump up to : Pelosi, Christine. `` Bipartisan Electors Ask James Clapper : Release Facts on Outside Interference in U.S. Election ''. Jump up ^ Mary, Kelly ( December 10, 2016 ). `` CIA Concludes Russian Interference Aimed To Elect Trump ''. Jump up ^ Pete Williams, Coming Soon : The ' Real ' Presidential Election, NBC News ( December 15, 2016 ). Jump up ^ `` Electors wo n't get intelligence briefing : report ''. The Hill. December 16, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2017. Jump up ^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann ( January 6, 2017 ). `` Despite Objections, Congress Certifies Donald Trump 's Election ''. NBC News. Retrieved January 6, 2017. Jump up ^ Chiacu, Doina ; Susan, Cornwell ( January 6, 2017 ). `` U.S. Congress Certifies Trump 's Electoral College Victory ''. Reuters. Retrieved January 6, 2017. Jump up ^ Detrow, Scott ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Donald Trump Secures Electoral College Win, With Few Surprises ''. NPR. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Coolican, J. Patrick ( December 20, 2016 ). `` Minnesota electors align for Clinton ; one replaced after voting for Sanders ''. Star Tribune. Retrieved June 15, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Hickey, Chuck ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Colorado Electoral College casts all 9 votes for Clinton after elector replaced ''. Fox 31 Denver. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Thistle, Scott ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Maine electors cast votes for Clinton, Trump -- after protests inside and outside State House ''. Portland Press Herald. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Eason, Brian ; Frank, John ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Colorado 's electoral votes go to Hillary Clinton after one is replaced ''. The Denver Post. Retrieved November 6, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Lord, Debbie ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Electoral College vote : Live updates on state - by - state voting ''. The Atlanta Journal - Constitution. Retrieved November 6, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Andrews, Wilson ; Schmidt, Kiersten ( December 19, 2016 ). `` Tracking the Electoral College Vote ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Liebergen, Stephanie ( August 3, 2016 ). `` Georgia Elector Resigns After Publicly Refusing To Vote For Trump ''. Newsy. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Latest : Hawaii electors cast votes for Clinton, Sanders ''. Associated Press. December 20, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2017. Further reading Berman, Ari. `` Rigged : How Voter Suppression Threw Wisconsin to Trump ; And possibly handed him the whole election. '' November -- December 2017 Mother Jones issue Ott, Brian L. `` The age of Twitter : Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement. '' Critical Studies in Media Communication 34.1 ( 2017 ) : 59 -- 68. Patterson, Thomas E. `` News Coverage of the 2016 Presidential Primaries : Horse Race Reporting Has Consequences. '' ( 2016 ). online Ross, Andrew S., and Damian J. Rivers. `` Digital cultures of political participation : Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 US Presidential candidates. '' Discourse, Context & Media ( 2017 ). Sabato, Larry, Kyle Kondik, Geoffrey Skelley, eds. Trumped : The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules ( 2017 ) Schaffner, Brian, and John A. Clark. Making Sense of the 2016 Elections : A CQ Press Guide ( CQ Press, 2017 ). ISBN 1506384188 Visser, Beth A., Angela S. Book, and Anthony A. Volk. `` Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic ? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates ' public personas. '' Personality and Individual Differences 106 ( 2017 ) : 281 -- 86. online West, Darrell M. Air Wars : Television Advertising and Social Media in Election Campaigns, 1952 -- 2016 ( CQ Press, 2017 ). 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Question: who won the popular vote 2016 presidential election
Answer: Clinton