Hail Mary - wikipedia Hail Mary `` Ave Maria '' redirects here. For other uses, see Ave Maria ( disambiguation ). For other uses, see Hail Mary ( disambiguation ). The Annunciation, by Fra Angelico The Hail Mary, also commonly called the Ave Maria ( Latin ), is a traditional Catholic prayer asking for the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus. In Roman Catholicism, the prayer forms the basis of the Rosary and the Angelus prayers. In the Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches, a similar prayer is used in formal liturgies, both in Greek and in translations. It is also used by many other groups within the catholic tradition of Christianity including Anglicans, Independent Catholics, and Old Catholics. Some Protestant denominations, such as Lutherans, also make use of a form of the prayer. Based on the greeting of the archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary in the Gospel of Luke, the prayer takes different forms in various traditions. It has often been set to music. Contents 1 Origins 1.1 Angelic Salutation 1.2 Evangelical Salutation 1.3 Complete Standard Form 2 Biblical source 3 In Western ( Latin ) tradition 4 Eastern Christian use 4.1 In Greek tradition 4.2 Slavonic versions 5 Roman Catholic use 6 Anglican use 7 Lutheran use 8 Musical settings 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Origins Angelic Salutation The first element of the Hail Mary was the Angelic Salutation of the Angel Gabriel : `` Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you ! '' ( Luke 1 : 28 ). Evangelical Salutation The Evangelical Salutation was the greeting of Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist, to Mary : `` Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb ! '' ( ( Luke 1 : 42 ). It was not until the sixth century that the Catholic Church combined the Angelic Salutation with the Evangelical Salutation.. Complete standard form The full, standard form of the Hail Mary, with petitionary clause including `` Pray for us sinners, now and the hour of our death '', was established by Pope Pius V in 1568 as part of a revision of the Liturgy of the Hours but had been in use earlier. Until the 11th century, the Hail Mary prayer consisted only of the combination of the Angelic Salutation and the Evangelical Salutation. Biblical source The prayer incorporates two passages from Saint Luke 's Gospel : `` Hail, the Lord is with thee. '' and `` Blessed art thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. '' In mid-13th - century Western Europe the prayer consisted only of these words with the single addition of the name `` Mary '' after the word `` Hail '', as is evident from the commentary of Saint Thomas Aquinas on the prayer. The first of the two passages from Saint Luke 's Gospel is the greeting of the Angel Gabriel to Mary, originally written in Koine Greek. The opening word of greeting, χαῖρε, chaíre, here translated `` Hail '', literally has the meaning `` rejoice '' or `` be glad ''. This was the normal greeting in the language in which Saint Luke 's Gospel is written and continues to be used in the same sense in Modern Greek. Accordingly, both `` Hail '' and `` Rejoice '' are valid English translations of the word ( `` Hail '' reflecting the Latin translation, and `` Rejoice '' reflecting the original Greek ). The word κεχαριτωμένη, ( kecharitōménē ), here translated as `` full of grace '', admits of various translations. Grammatically, the word is the feminine perfect passive participle of the verb χαριτόω, charitóō, which means `` to show, or bestow with, grace '' and here, in the passive voice, `` to have grace shown, or bestowed upon, one ''. The text also appears in the account of the annunciation contained in the apocryphal Infancy Gospel of Matthew, in chapter 9. The second passage is taken from Elizabeth 's greeting to Mary in Luke 1 : 42, `` Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. '' Taken together, these two passages are the two times Mary is greeted in Chapter 1 of Luke. In Western ( Latin ) tradition Part of a series on the Mariology of the Catholic Church Virgo by Josef Moroder - Lusenberg Overview Prayers Antiphons Hymns to Mary Devotional practices Saints Societies Consecrations and entrustments Veneration Prayers Angelus As a Child I Loved You Fátima Prayers Flos Carmeli Hail Mary Hail Mary of Gold Immaculata prayer Magnificat Mary, Mother of Grace Mary Our Queen Memorare Sub tuum praesidium Antiphons Alma Redemptoris Mater Ave Maris Stella Ave Regina Caelorum Salve Regina Hymns to Mary Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star Immaculate Mary Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming O Sanctissima Regina Coeli Stabat Mater Devotional Practices Acts of Reparation Consecration to Mary First Saturdays Rosary Seven Joys of the Virgin Seven Sorrows of Mary Three Hail Marys Movements and societies Sodality of Our Lady Congregation of Marian Fathers Company of Mary ( Montfort ) Marianists ( Society of Mary ) Marist Fathers Marist Brothers Schoenstatt Movement Legion of Mary World Apostolate of Fátima ( Blue Army ) Mariological Society Our Lady 's Rosary Makers Marian Movement of Priests Fatima Family Apostolate Queen of Angels Foundation Apparitions Approved by the Pope Banneux Beauraing Fátima Guadalupe La Salette Laus Lourdes Miraculous Medal Pontmain Key Marian feast days Mother of God ( 1 January ) Annunciation ( 25 March ) Assumption ( 15 August ) Immaculate Conception ( 8 December ) Catholicism portal After considering the use of similar words in Syriac, Greek and Latin in the 6th century, Herbert Thurston, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that `` there is little or no trace of the Hail Mary as an accepted devotional formula before about 1050 '', ( though a later pious tale attributed to Ildephonsus of Toledo ( fl. 7th century ) the use of the first part, namely the angel 's greeting Mary, without that of Elizabeth, as a prayer ). All the evidence suggests that it took its rise from certain versicles and responsories occurring in the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which just at that time was coming into favour among the monastic orders. Saint Thomas Aquinas spoke of the name `` Mary '' as the only word added at his time to the Biblical text, to indicate the person who was `` full of grace. '' But at about the same time the name `` Jesus '' was also added, to specify who was meant by the phrase `` the fruit of thy womb. '' The Western version of the prayer is thus not derived from the Greek version : even the earliest Western forms have no trace of the Greek version 's phrases : `` Mother of God and Virgin '' and `` for thou hast given birth to the Saviour of our souls. '' To the greeting and praise of Mary of which the prayer thus consisted, a petition `` Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen. '' was added later. The petition first appeared in print in 1495 in Girolamo Savonarola 's `` Esposizione sopra l'Ave Maria. '' The `` Hail Mary '' prayer in Savonarola 's exposition reads : `` Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee ; blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen '' The petition was commonly added around the time of the Council of Trent. The Dutch Jesuit St. Petrus Canisius is credited with adding in 1555 in his Catechism the sentence Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners. Eleven years later, the sentence was included in the Catechism of the Council of Trent of 1566. The `` Catechism of the Council of Trent '' says that to the first part of the Hail Mary, by which `` we render to God the highest praise and return Him most gracious thanks, because He has bestowed all His heavenly gifts on the most holy Virgin... the Church of God has wisely added prayers and an invocation addressed to the most holy Mother of God... we should earnestly implore her help and assistance ; for that she possesses exalted merits with God, and that she is most desirous to assist us by her prayers, no one can doubt without impiety and wickedness. '' The beginning of the verse in historiated letters in the book of hours Heures de Charles d'Angoulême The current Latin version is thus as follows, with accents added to indicate how the prayer is said in the current ecclesiastical pronunciation of Latin : Áve María, grátia pléna, Dóminus técum. Benedícta tū in muliéribus, et benedíctus frúctus véntris túi, Iésus. Sáncta María, Máter Déi, óra pro nóbis peccatóribus, nunc et in hóra mórtis nóstrae. Ámen. Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. On account of its connection with the Angelus, the Ave Maria was often inscribed on bells. Eastern christian use In Greek tradition The Hail Mary prayer of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches is in the form Θεοτόκε Παρθένε, χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη Μαρία, ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξί, καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου, ὅτι Σωτῆρα ἔτεκες τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν. God - bearing Virgin, rejoice, grace - filled Mary, the Lord with thee. Praised thou among women, and praised the fruit of thy womb, because it was the Saviour of our souls that thou borest. Another English rendering of the same text reads : Mother of God and Virgin, rejoice, Mary full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, for thou hast given birth to the Saviour of our souls. To the Biblical texts this adds the opening invocation `` Theotokos Virgin, '' the name `` Mary '' and the concluding `` because it was the Saviour of our souls that thou bearest ''. In the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic churches, the prayer is very common in the Greek form indicated above, or in translations from it. Although it is not said quite as often as in the West, it is well known and often used and appears in several canons of prayer. It is typically sung thrice at the end of Vespers during an All - Night Vigil, as well as occurring many times in the course of daily prayer. Slavonic versions There exist two variant versions in Church Slavonic : Cyrillic Romanization English Translation Богородице дѣво радѹйсѧ ѡбрадованнаѧ Марїе Господь съ тобою благословена ты въ женахъ, и благословенъ плодъ чрева твоегѡ, Якѡ родила еси Христа Спаса, Избавителѧ дѹшамъ нашимъ. Bogoroditse Djevo, raduisya, Obradovannaya Marie, Gospodh s ' toboyu. Blagoslovena tyh v ' zhenach, Y blagosloven plod chreva Tvoego, Yako rodila esi Christa Spasa, Izbavitelya dusham nashim. Theotokos Virgin, rejoice, ( or : Rejoice, O Virgin Theotokos ) Mary full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, for thou hast borne Christ the Saviour, the Deliverer of our souls. Богородице дѣво, радѹйсѧ, Благодатнаѧ Марїе, Господь съ тобою : благословена Ты въ женахъ, и благословенъ плодъ чрева Твоегѡ ; якѡ Спаса родила еси дѹшъ нашихъ. Bogoroditse Djevo, raduisya, Blagodatnaya Marie, Gospod s ' toboyu : Blagoslovyena tyh v ' zhenakh, Y blagoslovyen plod chreva Tvoyego, yako Spasa rodila yesi dush nashikh. Theotokos Virgin, rejoice, ( or : Rejoice, O Virgin Theotokos ) Mary full of grace, The Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, for thou hast borne the Saviour of our souls. Church Slavonic Bogorodice děvo in traditional Cyrillic script The first is the older, and remains in use by the Old Believers as well as those who follow the Ruthenian recension ( among them the Ukrainian Greek - Catholic Church and the Ruthenian Catholic Church ). The second, corresponding more closely to the Greek, appeared in 1656 under the liturgical reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, and is in use by the Russian Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ). Roman Catholic use The Hail Mary is the central part of the Angelus, a devotion generally recited thrice daily by many Catholics, as well as broad & high church Anglicans, and Lutherans who usually omit the second half. The Hail Mary is the essential element of the Rosary, a prayer method in use especially among Roman Rite ( Western ) Catholics. The Eastern Catholic Churches say a similar version. The Rosary consists traditionally of three sets of five Mysteries, each mystery consisting of one `` decade '' or ten Ave Marias. The 150 Ave Marias of the Rosary thus echo the 150 psalms. These meditate upon events of Jesus ' life during his childhood ( Joyful Mysteries ), Passion ( Sorrowful Mysteries ), and from his Resurrection onwards ( Glorious Mysteries ). Another set, the Luminous Mysteries, is of comparatively recent origin, having been proposed by Pope John Paul II in 2002. Each of these Mysteries is prayed as a decade ( a unit of ten ), consisting of one Our Father ( Pater Noster or The Lord 's Prayer ), ten Hail Marys, and one ' Glory Be ' ( Gloria Patri ) ( Doxology ). The restatement of the prayers locks one into fixed language, having the effect of freeing the conscious mind so that the recitation may come more from the heart and not the head. Pope Paul V said that `` the Rosary is a treasure of graces... Even for those souls who pray without meditating, the simple act of taking the beads in hand to pray is already a remembrance of God -- of the supernatural ''. Anglican use Anglicans also employ the Hail Mary in devotional practice. Traditional Anglicanism uses the prayer in much the same way as Roman Catholics, including use of the Rosary and the recitation of the Angelus. Many Anglican churches contain statues of the Virgin Mary, and the faithful use devotional prayers including the Hail Mary. Lutheran use Martin Luther, the founder of Lutheranism, believed that Mary should be held in highest reverence. Although he did not agree with Mary 's veneration, he did advocate the use of the first half of the Hail Mary ( that is, `` Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. '' ) as a sign of reverence for and devotion to the Virgin. Musical settings See also : Roman Catholic Marian music The Hail Mary, or Ave Maria in Latin, has been set to music numerous times. Arguably the two most famous settings are : the version by Franz Schubert ( 1825 ) ; originally composed as Ave Maria ( Ellens Gesang III, D839, Op 52 no 6, 1825 ), Ellen 's third song in English, as part of his Opus 52, a setting of seven songs from Walter Scott 's popular epic poem `` The Lady of the Lake '', and was translated into German by Adam Storck, used in the final segment of Walt Disney 's Fantasia, opening with the greeting `` Ave Maria '' ( `` Hail Mary '' ), but not a setting of the traditional Ave Maria prayer ; but nowadays commonly sung with the words of the traditional prayer. the version by Charles Gounod ( 1859 ), adding melody and words to Johann Sebastian Bach 's first prelude from The Well - Tempered Clavier Anton Bruckner wrote three different settings, the best known being a motet for seven voices. Antonín Dvořák 's version was composed in 1877. Another setting of Ave Maria was written by Giuseppe Verdi for his 1887 opera Otello. Russian composer César Cui, who was raised Roman Catholic, set the text at least three times : as the `` Ave Maria '', op. 34, for one or two women 's voices with piano or harmonium ( 1886 ), and as part of two of his operas : Le flibustier ( premiered 1894 ) and Mateo Falcone ( 1907 ). Settings also exist by Mozart, Liszt, Byrd, Elgar, Saint - Saëns, Rossini, Brahms, Stravinsky, Lauridsen, Franz Biebl, David Conte and Perosi as well as numerous versions by less well - known composers, such as J.B. Tresch and Ninel Samokhvalova. `` Ave Maria '' The prayer as a traditional Latin Gregorian chant `` Ave Maria '' The second of Anton Bruckner 's three settings of `` Ave Maria '' Problems playing these files ? See media help. In Slavonic, the text was also a popular subject for setting to music by Eastern European composers. These include Rachmaninov, Stravinsky, Bortniansky, Vavilov ( his version often misattributed to Caccini ), Mikhail Shukh, Lyudmyla Hodzyumakha and others. This text was also very often set by composers in the Renaissance, including Josquin des Prez, Orlando di Lasso, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. Before the Council of Trent there were actually different versions of the text, so the earlier composers in the period sometimes set versions of the text different from the ones shown above. Josquin des Prez, for example, himself set more than one version of the Ave Maria. Here is the text of his motet Ave Maria... Virgo serena, which begins with the first six words above and continues with a poem in rhymed couplets. Hail Mary ( Annunciation ), Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Chantilly Museum Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum, Virgo serena. Ave cuius conceptio, solemni plena gaudio, celestia, terrestria, nova replet letitia. Ave cuius nativitas, nostra fuit solemnitas, ut lucifer lux oriens verum solem preveniens. Ave pia humilitas, sine viro fecunditas, cuius annunciatio nostra fuit salvatio. Ave vera virginitas, immaculata castitas, cuius purificatio nostra fuit purgatio. Ave preclara omnibus angelicis virtutibus, cuius fuit assumptio nostra glorificatio. O Mater Dei, memento mei. Amen. The much anthologized Ave Maria by Jacques Arcadelt is actually a 19th - century arrangement by Pierre - Louis Dietsch, loosely based on Arcadelt 's three part madrigal Nous voyons que les hommes. Even though Protestant Christianity generally avoids any special veneration of Mary, access to the beautiful and culturally significant tradition of Marian music is facilitated by substitution texts. These texts are intended to replace the words of the standard `` Ave Maria '', preserving word boundaries and syllable stresses, so that music written for the former text can be sung with the latter. An example is the Christ - centric Ave Redemptor : English translation Ave redemptor, Domine Iesus : Cuius ob opus Superatur mors, enim salvatio Nunc inundavit super universam terram. Sancte redemptor, reputata Fides est nobis peccatoribus, Nunc et in morte, ad iustitiam. Hail the Redeemer, Lord Jesus, By whose work Death is defeated, for salvation Has now overflowed upon all of the world. Holy redeemer, our faith Is reckoned to us sinners, Now and in death, as righteousness. A famous setting for the Orthodox version of the prayer in Church Slavonic ( Bogoroditsye Djevo ) was composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff in his All - Night Vigil. See also Book : Mary and Mariology Wikisource has original text related to this article : Hail Mary Wikisource has original text related to this article : Hail Mary translations Devotion of the Three Hail Marys Hail Mary pass Hymns to Mary Marian apparitions Marian devotions Marian shrine Mariology, theological study of Mary Mary, the mother of Jesus Prayer beads Rosary The Glories of Mary Theotokos Christianity portal Religion portal References ^ Jump up to : Calloway, Donald H ( 2017 ). Champions of the Rosary : The History and Heroes of a Spiritual Weapon. Marian Press. p. 543. Retrieved 8 August 2018. Jump up ^ Luke 1 : 28 : Χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ / Chaire, kecharitōmenē, o Kyrios meta sou ). Jump up ^ Luke 1 : 42 : Εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου / eulogēmenē su en gynaixin kai eulogēmenos o karpos tēs koilias sou ). Jump up ^ `` Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Hail Mary '', Catholic Dossier, May - June 1996, Ignatius Press, Snohomish, Washington. Jump up ^ Liddell and Scott, A Greek -- English Lexicon ( 1 ). ^ Jump up to : Thurston, Herbert ( 1910 ), `` Hail Mary '', The Catholic Encyclopedia, VII, New York : Robert Appleton Company, retrieved 2007 - 09 - 19 Jump up ^ British Library - Rare Books Department, shelfmark : IA 27542. Jump up ^ The prayer is printed in latin on the first page of the exposition and reads : `` Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum Benedicta tu in mulieribus et benedictus Fructus uentris tui Iesus sancta Maria mater Dei ora pro nobis peccatoribus nunc et in hora mortis Amen ''. Jump up ^ This sentence appeared for the first time in his catechism of 1555 : Petrus Canisius, CATECHISMI Latini et Germanici, I, ( ed Friedrich Streicher, SPC CATECHISMI Latini et Germanici, I, Roma, Munich, 1933, I, 12. Jump up ^ The catechism of the Council of Trent by Theodore Alois Buckley 2010 ISBN 1 - 177 - 70694 - 6 Part IV ( 2 ). Jump up ^ With Pope John XXIII 's edition of the Roman Missal, the use of the letter J in printing Latin was dropped even in liturgical books, which had preserved that usage long after it ceased in the printing of ordinary Latin texts, including documents of the Holy See. Jump up ^ Nicholas Danielides, Archon Lambadarios. Jump up ^ `` Mother of God '' is not a literal translation of the Greek word Theotokos, which has very specific theological implications. `` Mother of God '' is the literal translation of a different Greek term, Μήτηρ Θεού ( Mitir Theou ). Jump up ^ Society of Mary. Jump up ^ Lehmann, H., ed. ' ' Luther 's Works, American edition ' ', vol. 43, p. 40, Fortress, 1968. Jump up ^ Luther 's Works, 10 II, 407 -- 409. Jump up ^ In keeping with the principle of sola scriptura, Luther exclusively emphasized the quotation from Luke 1 : 42, without addition. Jump up ^ Ave Maria, D. 839 ( Schubert, Franz ) music score in Public Domain Petrucci Music Library. Jump up ^ Franz Schubert : music and belief by Leo Black 2005 ISBN 1 - 84383 - 135 - X page 115. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ave Maria. University of Dayton Hail Mary in various languages Audio recordings and texts of the Hail Mary and other prayers in various languages Prayers of the Catholic Church Prayers of the Mass Agnus Dei Confiteor Creeds Apostles ' Creed Athanasian Creed Nicene Creed Gloria in excelsis Deo Gloria Patri Kyrie Eleison Pater Noster Sanctus Signum Crucis Marian prayers Alma Redemptoris Mater Angelus Ave Maria Ave Maris Stella Ave Regina Caelorum Fatima Prayer Litany Loreto Magnificat Maria Mater Gratiae Memorare Regina Coeli Rosary Salve Regina Sub tuum praesidium Three Hail Marys Other prayers Act of Contrition Adoro te devote Angele Dei Anima Christi Ave Verum Corpus Benedictus Chaplets Come, Holy Spirit Jesus Prayer Mental prayer Laudes Divinae Litanies Litany of the Saints Morning offering Novena Nunc Dimittis O Salutaris Hostia Penitential Psalms 51 : Miserere mei 130 : De Profundis Prayer before a Crucifix Prayer of Saint Francis Prayer to Saint Joseph Prayer to Saint Michael Requiem Aeternam Spiritual Communion Tantum Ergo Te Deum Thanksgiving after Communion Veni Creator Spiritus Veni Sancte Spiritus Visit to the Blessed Sacrament Way of the Cross Note : For prayers listed in italics, indulgences are normally granted. 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Question: where do the words of the hail mary come from
Answer: the greeting of the archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary in the Gospel of Luke