Medical gas supply - wikipedia Medical gas supply This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2016 ) Medical gas supply systems in hospitals and other healthcare facilities are utilized to supply specialized gases and gas mixtures to various parts of the facility. Products handled by such systems typically include : Oxygen Medical air Nitrous oxide Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Medical vacuum Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal ( US ) or Anaesthetic Gas Scavenging System ( ISO ) Source equipment systems are generally required to be monitored by alarm systems at the point of supply for abnormal ( high or low ) gas pressure in areas such as general ward, operating theatres, ICU / ITU / CCU / NICU, recovery, major treatment rooms, etc. Equipment is connected to the medical gas pipeline system via Station Outlets ( US ) or Terminal Units ( ISO ). Medical gas systems are commonly color coded to identify their contents, but as coding systems and requirements ( such as those for bottled gas ) vary by jurisdiction, the text or labeling is the most reliable guide to the contents. Emergency shut - off valves, or zone valves, are often installed in order to stop gas flowing to an area in the event of fire or substantial leak, as well as for service. Valves may be positioned at the entrance to departments, with access provided via emergency pull - out windows. Contents 1 Oxygen 2 Medical air 3 Nitrous oxide 4 Nitrogen 5 Instrument air / Surgical air 6 Carbon dioxide 7 Medical vacuum 8 WAGD / AGSS 9 Medical gas mixtures 10 References 11 External links Oxygen Oxygen may be used for patients requiring supplemental oxygen via mask. Usually accomplished by a large storage system of liquid oxygen at the hospital which is evaporated into a concentrated oxygen supply, pressures are usually around 345 - 380 kPa ( 50 - 55 psi ), or in the UK and Europe, 4 - 5 bar ( approximately 58 - 72 psi ). This arrangement is described as a vacuum insulated evaporator ( VIE ) or bulk tank. In small medical centers with a low patient capacity, oxygen is usually supplied by a manifold of multiple high - pressure cylinders. In areas where a bulk system or high - pressure cylinder manifold is not suitable, oxygen may be supplied by an oxygen concentrator. However, on site production of oxygen is still a relatively new technology. Medical air Medical air is compressed air supplied by a special air compressor, through a dryer ( in order to maintain correct dewpoint levels ), and distributed to patient care areas. In smaller facilities, medical air may also be supplied via high - pressure cylinders. Pressures are maintained around 345 - 380 kPa ( 50 - 55 psi ). Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide is supplied to various surgical suites for its anaesthetic functions during pre-operative procedures. It is delivered to the hospital in high - pressure cylinders and supplied through the Medical Gas system. Some bulk systems exist, but are no longer installed due to environmental concerns and overall reduced consumption of Nitrous oxide. System pressures are around 345 kPa ( 50 psi ), 4 bar UK. Nitrogen Nitrogen is typically used to power pneumatic surgical equipment during various procedures, and is supplied by high - pressure cylinders. Pressures range around 1.2 MPa ( 175 psi ) to various locations. Instrument air / surgical air Like Nitrogen, Instrument air is used to power surgical equipment. However, it is generated on site by an air compressor ( similar to a Medical air compressor ) rather than high - pressure cylinders. Early air compressors could not offer the purity required to drive surgical equipment. However, this has changed and instrument air is becoming a popular alternative to Nitrogen. As with Nitrogen, pressures range around 1.2 MPa ( 175 psi ). UK systems are supplied at 11 bar to the local area and regulated down to 7 - 8 bar at point of use. Carbon dioxide Typically used for insufflation during surgery, and also used in laser surgeries. System pressures are maintained at about 345 kPa ( 50 psi ), UK 4 bar. It is also used for certain respiratory disorders.It contains 5 percent. Medical vacuum Medical vacuum in a hospital supports suction equipment and evacuation procedures, supplied by vacuum pump systems exhausting to the atmosphere. Vacuum will fluctuate across the pipeline, but is generally maintained around - 75 kPa ( - 22 inHg ), ( 450mmHg UK ). WAGD / AGSS Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal ( WAGD ), or Anaesthetic Gas Scavenging System ( AGSS ), is used in hospital anaesthesia evacuation procedures. Although it is similar to a medical vacuum system, some building codes require anaesthetic gases to be scavenged separately. Scavenging systems do not need to be as powerful as medical vacuum systems, and can be maintained around - 50 to - 65 kPa ( - 15 to - 19 inHg ). Medical gas mixtures There are many gas mixtures used for clinical and medical applications. They are often used for patient diagnostics such as lung function testing or blood gas analysis. Test gases are also used to calibrate and maintain medical devices used for the delivery of anaesthetic gases. In laboratories, culture growth applications include controlled aerobic or anaerobic incubator atmospheres for biological cell culture or tissue growth. Controlled aerobic conditions are created using mixtures rich in oxygen and anaerobic conditions are created using mixtures rich in hydrogen or carbon dioxide. Supply pressure is 4 bar. Two common medical gas mixtures are Entonox and Heliox. References Jump up ^ NFPA 99 : Health Care Facilities Code ( 2015 ) Jump up ^ CSA Z7396. 1 - 17 - Medical gas pipeline systems - Part 1 : Pipelines for medical gases, medical vacuum, medical support gases, and anaesthetic gas scavenging systems Jump up ^ ISO 7396 - 1 : 2016 Medical gas pipeline systems - Part 1 : Pipeline systems for compressed medical gases and vacuum Jump up ^ http://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100342 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medical gas supply. British Compressed Gases Association website : Department of Health ( United Kingdom ) HTM02 - 01 Medical Gas Pipeline Systems Part A : Design, installation, validation and verification British Compressed Gases Association website : Department of Health ( United Kingdom ) HTM02 - 01 Medical Gas Pipeline Systems Part B : Operational Management Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_gas_supply&oldid=833567714 '' Categories : Medical equipment Industrial gases Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from March 2016 All articles needing additional references Commons category without a link on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Dansk Ελληνικά Español සිංහල 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 April 2018, at 11 : 08 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: which gas is used in oxygen cylinder in hospital
Answer: Oxygen