History of Kochi - wikipedia History of Kochi Timeline of Kochi Year Event 1102 The kingdom of Kulasekhara breaks up, and the Cochin State is formed. 1341 The port at Kodungallur is destroyed in a massive flooding in the Periyar. The prominece of Kochi as a trading post increases. 1440 Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti visits Kochi 1500 Portuguese Admiral Pedro Álvares Cabral, lands at Kochi. 1503 Kingdom of Kochi is taken over by the Portuguese. 1530 Saint Francis Xavier arrives and introduces a Christian mission. 1663 Portuguese rule overthown by the Dutch. 1664 Dutch establish municipality of Fort Kochi, the first municipality in Indian subcontinent 1773 Mysore King, Hyder Ali 's conquest descends on Kochi. 1814 Anglo - Dutch Treaty of 1814 officially passes the city to the United Kingdom 1947 India gains independence, Kochi joins the Indian Union. 1956 The State of Kerala is formed. 1967 Kochi Corporation comes into existence. Kochi is a small city located in the Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. Trivandrum which is the capital and largest city of Kerala is 200km away from Kochi. For many centuries up to and during the British Raj, the city of Kochi was the seat of the eponymous princely state. Kochi traces its history back many centuries, when it was the centre of Indian spice trade for hundreds of years, and was known to the Yavanas ( Greeks and Romans ), Jews, Arabs and Chinese since ancient times. Kochi earned a significant position on the world trading map after the port at Kodungallur ( Cranganore ) was destroyed by massive flooding of the river Periyar in 1341. The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in the books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan, during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of the treasure fleet of Admiral Zheng He. There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Cochin in 1440. Today, Kochi is the commercial hub of Kerala, and one of the fastest growing second - tier metropolises in India. Contents 1 Prehistory 2 Princely rule 2.1 Rulers of Kochi 3 Foreign rule 3.1 Portuguese period ( 1503 -- 1663 ) 3.2 Dutch period ( 1663 -- 1773 ) 3.3 Mysorean invasion 3.4 British Period ( 1814 -- 1947 ) 4 Post Independence era 5 See also 6 Notes Prehistory Not much is known about the prehistory of Kochi. There has been no clear evidence of Stone Age habitation. Kochi forms the central part of the Megalithic belt of Kerala. The only trace of prehistoric life in the region is the menhir found in Tripunithura. Princely rule Main article : Kingdom of Kochi The King of Cochin and small Malabar boats The history of Kochi prior to the Portuguese is not well documented. Though places north and south of Kochi are mentioned in quite detail in accounts by ancient travellers, even a mention of Kochi is absent prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Kochi 's prominence as a trading port grew after the collapse of the port at Kodungallur in 1341 AD. The Cochin State came into existence in 1102 AD after the breaking up of the Kulasekhara empire. Rulers of Kochi Unni Ramman Koyil - 11 ( 1503 -- 1537 ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1537 -- 65 ) Keshava Ramavarma ( 1565 -- 1601 ) Veerakerala Varma ( 1601 -- 15 ) Ravivarma ( 1615 -- 24 ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1624 -- 1637 ) Godhavarma ( 1637 -- 45 ) Veera Rayira Varma ( 1645 -- 46 ) Veerakerala Varma ( 1645 -- 50 ) Ramavarma ( 1650 -- 56 ) Rani Gangadhara Lakshmi ( 1656 -- 58 ) Ramavarma ( 1658 -- 62 ) Godhavarma ( 1662 -- 63 ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1663 -- 1687 ) Rama Varma ( 1687 -- 1693 ) Ravi Varma ( 1693 -- 1697 ) Rama Varma ( 1697 -- 1701 ) Rama Varma ( 1701 -- 1721 ) Ravi Varma ( 1721 -- 1731 ) Rama Varma ( 1731 -- 1746 ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1746 -- 1749 ) Rama Varma ( 1749 -- 1760 ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1760 -- 1775 ) Rama Varma ( 1775 -- 1790 ) Rama Varma XV at the Delhi Durbar of 1903. Rama Varma ( SHAKTAN THAMPURAN ( 1790 -- 1805 ), ( THE POWERFUL RULER OF COCHIN KINGDOM ) Rama Varma ( 1805 -- 1809 ) - Vellarapalli - yil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Vellarapali '' ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1809 -- 1828 ) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` karkidaka '' month ( ME ) ) Rama Varma ( 1828 -- 1837 ) - Thulam - Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran ( King who died in `` Thulam '' month ( ME ) ) Rama Varma ( 1837 -- 1844 ) - Edava - Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran ( King who died in `` Edavam '' month ( ME ) ) Rama Varma ( 1844 -- 1851 ) - Thrishur - il Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Thrishivaperoor '' or Thrishur ) Veera Kerala Varma ( 1851 -- 1853 ) - Kashi - yil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Kashi '' or Varanasi ) Ravi Varma ( 1853 -- 1864 ) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Makaram '' month ( ME ) ) Rama Varma ( 1864 -- 1888 ) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Mithunam '' month ( ME ) ) Kerala Varma ( 1888 -- 1895 ) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Chingam '' month ( ME ) ) Rama Varma ( 1895 -- 1914 ) - aka Rajarshi, Abdicated Highness ( died in 1932 ) Rama Varma ( 1914 -- 1932 ) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in Madras or Chennai ) Rama Varma ( 1932 -- 1941 ) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi ( King of Dharma ), Chowara - yil Theepetta Thampuran ( King who died in `` Chowara '' ) Kerala Varma ( 1941 -- 1943 ) - Midukkan Thampuran Ravi Varma ( 1943 -- 1946 ) - Kunjappan Thampuran ( Brother of Midukkan Thampuran ) Kerala Varma ( 1946 -- 1948 ) - Ikya - Keralam ( Unified Kerala ) Thampuran Foreign rule Kochi was under the rule of many foreign powers, during which the Raja of Kochi still remained the titular head. Portuguese period ( 1503 -- 1663 ) Mattancherry Palace - temple, which was built during the Portuguese period by the Cochin Raja Veera Kerala Varma Kochi was the scene of the first European settlement in India. In the year 1500, the Portuguese Admiral Pedro Álvares Cabral, landed at Cochin after being repelled from Calicut. The king of the rival of Kochi welcomed his guests and a treaty of friendship was signed. Promising his support in the conquest of Calicut, the admiral coaxed the king into allowing them to build a factory at Cochin. Assured by the support, the king called war with the Zamorins of Calicut. However, the admiral retreated in panic on seeing the powers of the Zamorin. The Zamorins, on the other hand, eager to win the favor of the Portuguese, left without a war. Another captain, João da Nova, was sent in place of Cabral. However, he too faltered at the sight of the Zamorin. The consecutive retreats made the King of Portugal indignant. The king sent Vasco Da Gama, who bombed Calicut and destroyed the Arab trading posts. This invited the anger of the Zamorin, who declared a war against the Kochi Raja. The Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica in Kochi, which was built by the Portuguese The war between Calicut and Cochin began on 1 March 1503 and the second invasion lasted from March 16, 1504, to July 3, 1504 ( Battle of Cochin ( 1504 ) ). However, the oncoming monsoons and the arrival of a Portuguese fleet under Lopo Soares de Albergaria in September, 1504 ( and a year later, the armada led by Francisco de Almeida and Afonso de Albuquerque ), alarmed the Zamorin, and he recalled his army. The Zamorin resorted to a retreat also because the revered festival of Onam was near, and the Zamorin intended to keep the auspicious day holy. This led to a triumph for the king of Kochi, who was later reestablished in the possession of his kingdom. However, much of the kingdom was burnt and destroyed by the his armies. The tiny garrison, led by Duarte Pacheco Pereira, had achieved a rare military feat in history, successively repelling an invading army several hundred times bigger. It proved a humiliating defeat and a moral blow for the Zamorin of Calicut and undermined his authority in the Malabar region. After securing the king in his throne, the Portuguese got permission to build a fort -- - Fort Kochi ( Fort Emmanuel ) ( after the reigning king of Portugal ) -- surrounding the Portuguese factory, in order to protect it from any further attacks. The entire work was commissioned by the Cochin Raja, who supplied workers and material. The Raja continued to rule with the help of the Portuguese. Meanwhile, the Portuguese secretly tried to enter into an alliance with the Zamorins. Later attempts by the Zamorin at conquering the Kochi port was thwarted by the Cochin Raja with the help of the Portuguese. Slowly, the Portuguese armory at Kochi was increased, with the presumed notion of helping the raja protect Kochi. However, the measure led to decrease in the power of the Cochin Raja, and an increase in the Portuguese influence. From 1503 to 1663, Kochi was ruled by Portugal through the namesake Cochin Raja. Kochi remained the capital of Portuguese India till 1510. In 1530, Saint Francis Xavier arrived and founded a Christian mission. The following Portuguese period was difficult for the Jews living in the region, since the Inquisition was established in Portuguese India in 1560. Kochi hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese viceroy, who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were exhumed and interred in Portugal in 1539. Soon after the time of Albuquerque, the Portuguese rule in Kerala declined. The failure is attributed to intermarriages, forcible conversions, religious persecution, etc. Dutch period ( 1663 -- 1773 ) In 1663, the Dutch conquered the city of Cochin from the Portuguese. ( Coenraet Decker, 1682 ) The Bolgatty Palace, built in 1744, by Dutch traders, is one of the oldest existing Dutch - era palaces outside of the Netherlands. The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch, who had by then conquered Quilon, after various encounters with the Portuguese and their allies. Discontented members of the Cochin Royal family called on the assistance of the Dutch for help in overthrowing the Cochin Raja. The Dutch successfully landed at Njarakal and headed on to capture the fort at Pallippuram, which they handed over to the Zamorin. Then they went on to establishing the municipality of Fort Kochi in 1664, the first municipality in Indian subcontinent Mysorean invasion Main article : Mysore invasion of Kerala The 1773 conquest of the Mysore King Hyder Ali in the Malabar region descended to Kochi. The Kochi Raja had to pay a subsidy of one hundred thousand of Ikkeri Pagodas ( equalling 400,000 modern rupees ). Later on, in 1776, Haider captured Trichur, which was under the Kingdom of Kochi. Thus, the Raja was forced to become a tributary of Mysore and to pay a nuzzar of 100,000 of pagodas and 4 elephants and annual tribute of 30,000 pagodas. The hereditary prime ministership of Cochin came to an end during this period. British period ( 1814 -- 1947 ) Cochin in Colonial times Cochin in 1960s Cochin in Colonial times In 1814 according to the Anglo - Dutch Treaty, the islands of Kochi, including Fort Kochi and its territory were ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Malaya. Even prior to the signing of the treaty, there are evidence of English residents in Kochi. Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was greatly felt. Harbour Engineer Robert Bristow, was thus brought to Cochin in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of Madras. In a span of 21 years, he had transformed Cochin as the safest harbour in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes. Meanwhile, in 1866, Fort Cochin municipality reesablished, and its first Municipal Council election to a board of 18 members was conducted in 1883. The Maharajah of Cochin, in 1896 initiated local administration, by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. The assembly consisted of 45 members, 10 of who were officially nominated. Thottakkattu Madhaviamma became the first woman to be a member of any legislature in India. Post independence era Cochin Harbour in 1960s In 1947, India gained independence from the British colonial rule. Cochin was the first princely state to join the Indian Union willingly. Post independence, E. Ikkanda Warrier became the first Prime Minister of Kochi. K.P. Madhavan Nair, P.T Jacob, C. Achutha Menon, Panampilly Govinda Menon were few of the other stalwarts who were in the forefront of the democratic movements. Then in 1949, Travancore - Cochin state came into being by the merger of Cochin and Travancore, with Parur T.K. Narayana Pillai as the first chief minister. Travancore - Cochin, was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State. Finally, the Government of India 's 1 November 1956 States Reorganisation Act inaugurated a new state -- Kerala -- incorporating Travancore - Cochin, Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. On 9 July 1960, the Mattancherry council passed a resolution that was forwarded to the government, requesting the formation of a Municipal Corporation by combining the existing municipalities of Fort Kochi, Mattancherry and Ernakulam. The proposal was condemned by the Fort Kochi municipality. However, the Ernakulam municipality welcomed the proposal, suggesting the inclusion of more suburban areas in the amalgamated Corporation. Major Balagangadhara Menon, the then Director of Local Bodies was appointed by the government to study the feasibility of the suggested merger. And based on the report submitted by him, the Kerala Legislative Assembly approved the formation of the Corporation. Thus, on 1 November 1967, exactly 11 years since the conception of the state of Kerala, the corporation of Cochin came into existence, by the merger of the municipalities of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the Willingdon Island and four panchayats viz. Palluruthy, Vennala, Vyttila and Edappally and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth. See also Histories of Kerala cities Calicut Cannanore Cochin Kasargode Malappuram Quilon Trichur Trivandrum Kochi Landmarks Marine Drive Mattancherry Palace Hill Palace Durbar Hall Ground Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam Tourist attractions Neighbourhoods Edappally Ernakulam Fort Kochi Gandhi Nagar Kaloor Marine Drive Mattancherry Palarivattom Panampilly Nagar Kakkanad Kadavanthra Tripunithura Vyttila Willingdon Island History Kingdom of Cochin Thoma of Villarvattom History of Kerala Travancore - Cochin Transport Cochin International Airport Cochin Harbour Terminus Edappally railway station Ernakulam Junction railway station Ernakulam Terminus railway station Ernakulam Town railway station Cochin Port Cochin Shipyard Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation Kerala State Road Transport Corporation Kerala State Water Transport Department Kochi Metro Vyttila Mobility Hub Government Kochi Municipal Corporation Kerala High Court Organizations Cochin Stock Exchange Consumerfed Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Greater Cochin Development Authority International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation Kochi Refineries Malls Oberon Mall LuLu International Shopping Mall Gold Souk Grandé Abad Nucleus Mall Forum Thomsun Mall Q1 Mall Culture Cochin Jews Saint Thomas Christians Cuisine of Kerala Culture of Kerala Kalabhavan Malayalam Onam Syro - Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam - Angamaly Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly Vishu Places of worship Chottanikkara Temple Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple Ernakulam Shiva Temple Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple Paradesi Synagogue St. Mary 's Syro - Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam St. George Syro - Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally St. Francis Church Vallarpadam Church Health care Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Aster Medcity Gautham Hospital General Hospital Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital Lakeshore Hospital Lisie Hospital Lisie Heart Institute Lourdes Heart institute Lourdes Hospital ( Kerala ) Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital Medical Trust Hospital Saraf Hospital Sunrise Hospital Kochi Renai medicity Rajagiri Hospital Schools Assissi Vidyaniketan Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Chinmaya Vidyalaya Choice School Cochin Refineries School Kendriya Vidyalaya Navy Children School Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara SRV High School St. Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School Toc - H Public School The Delta Study Vidyodaya School Universities Cochin University of Science and Technology National University of Advanced Legal Studies Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit Model Engineering College Government Law College, Ernakulam School of Communication and Management Studies Albertian Institute of Management Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology Federal Institute of Science and Technology Sacred Heart College, Thevara SCMS School of Engineering and Technology St. Teresa 's College Maharaja 's College, Ernakulam MES College Marampally, Aluva Government Medical College, Ernakulam Bharata Mata College St. Albert 's College Roads Mahatma Gandhi Road Chittoor Road Banerji Road Shanmugham Road Park Avenue S.A Road Kaloor - Kadavanthra Road Kochi Bypass Seaport - Airport Road Sports Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Regional Sports Centre Maharaja 's College Stadium FACT Stadium Kerala Blasters FC Kochi Tuskers Kerala Press Malayala Manorama Mathrubhumi Madhyamam Daily Deshabhimani Sathyadeepam Television channels Surya TV Flowers Jeevan TV Reporter TV Kochu TV Indiavision Notes Jump up ^ `` History of Ernakulam ''. Ernakulam Portal. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ `` Emergence of Kochi harbour ''. History of Kochi. Centre For Heritage Studies, India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ Ma Huan : Ying Yai Sheng Lan -- translated by J.V.G. Mills ( 1970 ). The Overall Survey of the Ocean 's Shores. Hakluyt Society, White Lotus Press. ISBN 974 - 8496 - 78 - 3. templatestyles stripmarker in publisher = at position 41 ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Accounts of Nicolo de ' Conti ( ca. 1395 - 1469 ) ''. Niccolo di Conti. win.tue.nl. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ `` The Economy of Kochi -- Trade & Industry in Kochi ''. Kochi Corporation. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ Rakee Mohan ( 8 April 2006 ). `` Developing metro and quaint environs ''. Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ `` Prehistory and Archaeology of Cochin ''. Corporation of Cochin. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ `` Death of Vasco Da Gama in Kochi ''. MSN Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon. P ( 1914 ) Jump up ^ `` The Cochin Saga ''. Robert Charles Bristow employed to develop Kochi port. Corporation of Kochi. Retrieved 23 May 2006. ^ Jump up to : `` History and culture of Kochi ''. Corporation of Kochi. Retrieved 23 May 2006. Jump up ^ Plunkett, R, Cannon, T, Davis, P, Greenway, P & Harding ( 2001 ). Lonely Planet South India, Lonely Planet. ISBN 1 - 86450 - 161 - 8. templatestyles stripmarker in publisher = at position 1 ( help ) CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Kochi&oldid=861339002 '' Categories : History of Kochi Hidden categories : CS1 errors : invisible characters CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list EngvarB from May 2014 Use dmy dates from May 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 26 September 2018, at 18 : 38 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: which personality was initially buried in kochi and taken to portugal
Answer: Vasco da Gama