Nonpartisan blanket primary - wikipedia Nonpartisan blanket primary Part of the Politics series Electoral systems Plurality / majoritarian Plurality First - past - the - post Single non-transferable vote Limited voting Plurality - at - large ( block voting ) General ticket Multi-round voting Two - round Exhaustive ballot Ranked / preferential systems Instant - runoff ( alternative vote ) Contingent vote Coombs ' method Condorcet methods ( Copeland 's, Dodgson 's, Kemeny - Young, Minimax, Nanson 's, Ranked pairs, Schulze, Alternative Smith ) Borda count Bucklin voting Oklahoma primary electoral system Preferential block voting Cardinal / graded systems Score voting Approval voting ( Unified Primary ) Multi-winner approval voting ( Proportional, Sequential proportional, Satisfaction ) Majority judgment STAR voting Proportional representation Party - list ( Open lists, Closed lists, Local lists ) Highest averages ( D'Hondt, Sainte - Laguë, Huntington - Hill ) Largest remainder ( Hare, Droop, Imperiali, Hagenbach - Bischoff ) Single transferable vote ( CPO - STV, Gregory, Schulze STV, Wright ) Biproportional apportionment Fair majority voting Mixed systems Mixed member proportional Additional Member System Parallel voting ( Mixed member majoritarian ) Scorporo Majority bonus Alternative Vote Plus Dual member proportional Other systems & related theory Cumulative voting Binomial voting Proxy voting Delegated voting Random selection ( Sortition, Random ballot ) Comparison of electoral systems Social choice theory Arrow 's theorem Gibbard -- Satterthwaite theorem Public choice theory Politics portal A nonpartisan blanket primary is a primary election in which all candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once, instead of being segregated by political party. It is also known as a jungle primary, qualifying primary, or top - two primary. The so - called Louisiana primary is different because it is a general election with a possible runoff if no candidate wins a simple majority in the first round. Under the top - two system, the candidates receiving the most and second-most votes in the primary election become the contestants in the general election, as in a runoff election, in a two - round system. However, there is no separate party nomination process for candidates before the first round, and political parties are not allowed to whittle down the field using their own internal processes ( such as party primaries or conventions ). It is entirely possible that two candidates of the same political party could advance to the general election. This system theoretically elects more moderate candidates, as winning could require appealing to voters of both parties. However, because the primary uses first - past - the - post voting, it is highly susceptible to vote splitting : The more candidates from the same party that run in the primary, the more likely that party is to lose. Research on California 's primaries has shown no increase in moderate candidates, and no increase in turnout among nonpartisan voters. Some have proposed using other voting systems in the primary to alleviate this problem, such as the Unified Primary based on approval voting. The top - two system is used for all primaries except presidential primaries in Washington and California. Contents 1 Candidate party preference and ballot disclaimer 2 In Washington State 2.1 Before Top 2 2.2 Implementing Top 2 3 In California 3.1 Before Top - Two 3.2 Under Top - Two 3.2. 1 In federal elections 4 Elsewhere in the United States 5 Examples 5.1 Washington state legislature, 14th district, 2010 5.2 Washington state legislature, 38th district, State Senate, 2010 5.3 Washington state US Senate race, 2010 5.4 Washington 4th Congressional District, 2014 5.5 California 15th Congressional District, 2012 6 Criticism 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Notes 9 External links Candidate party preference and ballot disclaimer Because voters can vote in the first round for a candidate from any political party, the nonpartisan blanket primary has been compared to the original blanket primary, which was used in Washington for nearly 65 years and briefly in California. The blanket primary was ruled unconstitutional in 2000 by the Supreme Court of the United States in California Democratic Party v. Jones, as it forced political parties to associate with candidates they did not endorse. The nonpartisan blanket primary disregards party preference in determining the two candidates to advance to the general election and for that reason, it has been ruled facially constitutional by the Supreme Court in the 2008 decision Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party. Chief Justice John Roberts concurred in the 2008 decision, stating : `` If the ballot is designed in such a manner that no reasonable voter would believe that the candidates listed there are nominees or members of, or otherwise associated with, the parties the candidates claimed to ' prefer ', the I -- 872 primary system would likely pass constitutional muster. '' Each candidate for partisan office can state a political party that he or she prefers. Ballots also must feature a disclaimer to voters that candidate 's preference does not imply that the candidate is nominated or endorsed by the party or that the party approves of or associates with that candidate. Subsequent as applied challenges were struck down by lower courts, and on October 1, 2012, the US Supreme Court refused to hear appeals from Washington Libertarian Party and Washington State Democratic Party. The Washington State Republican Party had earlier dropped out of the appeal process. In Washington State Before Top 2 Washington, along with California and Alaska, had a blanket primary system that allowed every voter to choose a candidate of any party for each position. That kind of system was ruled unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court in California Democratic Party v. Jones ( 2000 ) because it forced political parties to endorse candidates against their will. The Washington State Legislature passed a new primary system in 2004, which would have created a nonpartisan blanket, or top - two, primary system. It provided an open primary as a backup, giving the governor the option to choose. Although Secretary of State Sam Reed advocated the blanket, non-partisan system, on April 1, 2004 the Governor used the line - item veto to activate the Open primary instead. In response, Washington 's Initiative 872 was filed on January 8, 2004 by Terry Hunt from the Washington Grange, which proposed to create a nonpartisan blanket primary in that state. The measure passed with 59.8 % of the vote ( 1,632,225 yes votes and 1,095,190 no votes ) in 2004. On March 18, 2008, the US Supreme Court ruled, in Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, that Washington 's Initiative 872 was constitutionally permissible. Unlike the earlier blanket primary, it officially disregards party affiliation while allowing candidates to state their party preference. However, the court wanted to wait for more evidence before addressing the chief items in the complaint and remanded the decision to the lower courts. Implementing Top 2 Starting in the 2008 election, Washington State implemented this Top 2 primary, which applies to federal, state and local elections, but not to presidential elections. There is no voter party registration in Washington, and candidates are not restricted to stating an affiliation with an established major or minor party. The candidate has up to 16 characters to describe on the ballot the party that he or she prefers. Some candidates state a preference for an established major party, such as the Democratic Party or the Republican Party, while others use the ballot to send a message, such as Prefers No New Taxes Party or Prefers Salmon Yoga Party. Since this is a `` preference '' and not a declaration of party membership, candidates can assert party affiliation without approval of the party itself, or use alternate terms for a given party. Gubernatorial candidate Dino Rossi 's 2008 stated preference was for the `` GOP Party '', although he is a prominent Republican. In California Before Top - two California 's blanket primary system was ruled unconstitutional in California Democratic Party v. Jones in 2000 because it forced political parties to associate with candidates they did not endorse. Then in 2004, Proposition 62, an initiative to bring the nonpartisan blanket primary to California, failed with only 46 % of the vote. However, Proposition 14, a nearly identical piece of legislation, passed on the June 2010 ballot with 53.7 % of the vote. Under Top - two Under Proposition 14, statewide and congressional candidates in California, regardless of party preference, participate in the nonpartisan blanket primary. However, a candidate must prefer the major party on the ballot that they are registered in. After the June primary election, the top two candidates advance to the November general election. That does not affect the presidential primary, local offices, or non-partisan offices such as judges and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The California Secretary of State now calls the system a `` Top - Two Primary ''. In federal elections The 2012 general election was the first non-special election in California to use the nonpartisan blanket primary system established by Proposition 14. As a result, eight congressional districts featured general elections with two candidates of the same party : the 15th, 30th, 35th, 40th, 43rd, and 44th with two Democrats, and the 8th and 31st with two Republicans. In the 2014 general election, eight congressional districts featured general elections with two candidates of the same party : the 17th, 19th, 34th, 35th, 40th, and 44th with two Democrats, and the 4th and 25th with two Republicans. In the 2016 general election, the U.S. Senate race featured two Democrats running against each other, and seven congressional districts with two Democrats running against each other : the 17th, 29th, 32nd, 34th, 37th, 44th, and 46th. There were no races with two Republicans running against each other. Elsewhere in the United states The plan is also used in Texas and some other states in special elections but not primaries. A notable example involved former US Senator Phil Gramm, who in 1983 ( while a member of the House of Representatives ), after switching from the Democratic to the Republican Party, resigned his seat as a Democrat on January 5, ran as a Republican for his own vacancy in a special election held on February 12, and won rather handily. There have also been efforts in Oregon to pass a similar law, but the Oregon Senate rejected it in May 2007 and it failed in a November 2008 referendum as Measure 65. Oregon voters defeated it again in November 2014 as Measure 90, despite a $2.1 million donation from former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and a $2.75 million donation from former Enron executive John D. Arnold to support it. Examples Washington State legislature, 14th district, 2010 See also : Washington state 2010 elections § District 14 First Ballot, August 17, 2010 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Norm Johnson Republican 10,129 ( 44.26 % ) Runoff Michele Strobel Republican 8,053 ( 35.19 % ) Runoff Scott Brumback Democratic 4,702 ( 20.55 % ) Defeated Second Ballot November 2, 2010 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Norm Johnson Republican 19,044 ( 52.5 % ) Elected Michele Strobel Republican 17,229 ( 47.5 % ) Defeated In this race a three - way primary led to a two - way race between two members of the same party ( Republicans ) in the general election. With over 20 % of the population voting for the Democrat and neither Republican winning close to a majority in the primary, both of the Republican candidates had to appeal to Democrats and other voters who did not support them in the first round. For example, incumbent Norm Johnson came out in favor of same - sex civil unions, moving to the left of challenger Michele Strobel, who opposed them. Washington State legislature, 38th district, State Senate, 2010 First Ballot August 17, 2010 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Nick Harper Democratic 7,193 ( 35.09 % ) Runoff Rod Rieger Conservative 6,713 ( 32.75 % ) Runoff Jean Berkey Democratic 6,591 ( 32.16 % ) Defeated Second Ballot November 2, 2010 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Nick Harper Democratic 22,089 ( 59.73 % ) Elected Rod Rieger Conservative 14,892 ( 40.27 % ) Defeated In this heavily Democratic district, Berkey was officially nominated by the 38th District Democratic Central Committee, but Democratic challenger Nick Harper bankrolled ads for the Republican candidate in an effort to `` Squeeze the Middle '' and prevent the moderate incumbent Berkey from running in the general election. When Berkey placed third in the primary by a margin of 122 votes, the Moxie Media scandal ensued : the state 's election watchdog committee unanimously voted to refer the case to the state Attorney General Rob McKenna, who within hours `` filed suit, alleging multiple campaign - finance violations. '' Despite the call of several former state senators to hold another election, the election results were upheld and Berkey was prevented from running in the general election. Harper easily won the subsequent uncompetitive runoff election. Washington State US Senate race, 2010 First Ballot, August 17, 2010 ( only top three votegetters listed ) Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Patty Murray Democratic 670,284 ( 46.22 % ) Runoff Dino Rossi Republican 483,305 ( 33.33 % ) Runoff Clint Didier Republican 185,034 ( 12.76 % ) Defeated Second Ballot November 2, 2010 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Patty Murray Democratic 1,314,930 ( 52.36 % ) Elected Dino Rossi Republican 1,196,164 ( 47.64 % ) Defeated In this race, the three leading candidates ' competition resulted in a more moderate and popular Republican facing off against the incumbent Democrat, with a relatively close general election. Clint Didier and Dino Rossi were the two main Republicans vying to run against the incumbent Democratic Senator Patty Murray. Rossi had much greater name recognition, had narrowly lost two races for governor, and was favored by the party establishment. Didier, a former tight end for the National Football League 's Washington Redskins, had never run for elected office and was endorsed by Tea Party favorites Ron Paul and Sarah Palin. Didier might have been able to win the GOP nomination from Rossi in a closed primary that rewards candidates for appealing to the hardline of their base, but the more moderate Rossi was easily able to defeat Didier in the Top Two primary. While one might expect more Democrats in the Top Two primary to vote tactically for Didier, the Republican candidate who was doing much worse in polls against Murray, most Democrats seemed content voting for Murray. If any tactical voting occurred, it seemed to be on the Republican side, with the vast majority of the Republican voters choosing Rossi, perceived as a more electable candidate. In this case, the Top Two primary resulted in a more moderate Republican candidate running against the Democratic incumbent, and likely a much more competitive race than if the Tea Party candidate had run against Murray. Washington 4th congressional district, 2014 The 4th district is a large and predominantly rural district in Central Washington that encompasses numerous counties and is dominated by the Tri-Cities and Yakima areas. Republican Doc Hastings, who represented the 4th district since 1995, retired. The two winners of the top two primary were the Tea Party candidate Clint Didier ( endorsed by Ron Paul ) and Dan Newhouse, the former Director of the Washington State Department of Agriculture under Christine Gregoire and former State Representative. In a close general election, Newhouse prevailed. Top two primary results Party Candidate Votes % Republican Clint Didier 33,028 31.74 Republican Dan Newhouse 26,773 25.73 Democratic Estakio Beltran 12,583 12.09 Republican Janéa Holmquist Newbry 10,883 10.46 Republican George Cicotte 6,777 6.51 Democratic Tony Sandoval 6,528 6.27 Independent Richard Wright 3,180 3.06 Republican Gavin Seim 2,023 1.94 Independent Josh Ramirez 1,438 1.38 Republican Glen R. Stockwell 524 0.50 Republican Gordon Allen Pross 173 0.17 Republican Kevin Midbust 157 0.15 Total votes 104,067 100 General Election - November 4, 2014 Party Candidate Votes % Republican Dan Newhouse 77,772 50.81 Republican Clint Didier 75,307 49.19 Total votes 153,079 100.0 Republican hold California 15th congressional district, 2012 The 15th district is based in the East Bay and includes Hayward and Livermore. Democrat Pete Stark, who represented the 13th district from 1993 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1973, lost reelection here to fellow Democrat Eric Swalwell in the general election after Stark won the primary. California 's 15th congressional district election, 2012 Primary election Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Pete Stark ( incumbent ) 39,943 42.1 Democratic Eric Swalwell 34,347 36.0 No party preference Christopher `` Chris '' J. Pareja 20,618 21.7 Total votes 94,908 100.0 General election Democratic Eric Swalwell 120,388 52.1 Democratic Pete Stark ( incumbent ) 110,646 47.9 Total votes 231,034 100.0 Democratic hold Criticism Critics of the nonpartisan blanket primary object to calling it an open primary, and one judge in California even barred proponents from using the term in their advertisements. Though the intention is to allow two candidates from the majority party to advance to the second round ( including, hopefully, a moderate with more appeal to the population ), critics note that this is also likely when one party runs drastically fewer candidates than another and thus faces less vote - splitting. Under the nonpartisan blanket primary, a party with two candidates and only 41 % popular support would beat a party with three candidates and 59 % popular support if voters split their votes evenly among candidates for their own party. For example, in Washington 's 2016 primary for state treasurer, Democrats won a majority of the vote but failed to move on to the general election : First Ballot, August 2, 2016 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Duane Davidson Republican 322,374 ( 25.09 % ) Runoff Michael Waite Republican 299,766 ( 23.33 % ) Runoff Marko Liias Democratic 261,633 ( 20.36 % ) Defeated John Paul Comerford Democratic 230,904 ( 17.97 % ) Defeated Alec Fisken Democratic 170,117 ( 13.24 % ) Defeated Second Ballot November 8, 2016 Candidate Party Preference Support Outcome Duane Davidson Republican 1,358,541 ( 58.28 % ) Elected Michael Waite Republican 972,587 ( 41.72 % ) Defeated The nonpartisan aspect means that political parties can not control which candidates are allowed to use the party name. Partisan primaries allow for one candidate from each party to advance to the general election ; no other candidate may use the party name in their campaign. Political Science Professor Todd Donovan published an article in 2012 for the California Journal of Politics & Policy called `` The Top Two Primary : What Can California Learn from Washington ? '' Donovan was the only expert witness in favor of the top - two idea, for the as applied court challenge of Top - Two. His academic paper states, `` The partisan structure of Washington 's legislature appears unaltered by the new primary system. '' Donovan concluded, `` The aggregate of all this did not add up to a legislature that looked different or functioned differently from the legislature elected under a partisan primary. '' In Washington State, major parties have resorted to an alternate process of party nomination for partisan legislative and county administrative positions. This ensures that one official party candidate will be in the primary, theoretically reducing the risk of intra-party vote splits. However, the law does not allow nominations or endorsements by interest groups, political action committees, political parties, labor unions, editorial boards, or other private organizations to be printed on the ballot. The indication of party preference as opposed to party affiliation opens the door for candidates to misrepresent their leanings or otherwise confuse voters. In 2008, a Washington gubernatorial candidate indicated party preference as `` G.O.P. '' instead of Republican. A public poll found that 25 % of the public did not know that the two terms mean the same thing. Further research on California 's 2012 jungle primaries suggests that a jungle primary does not tend to lead to large amounts of crossover votes. Most voters who crossed over did so for strategic reasons. Furthermore, there seems to be evidence that having the top 2 candidates from the same party could lead to a drop in voter participation in the second round. With regards to reducing political polarization, this does not seem to hold true. Due to lack of crossover votes, an extreme candidate from the majority party can still win over a moderate from the other party. Though the intention of the system is to get a moderate from the majority party, this will not happen if there is no moderate, the moderate lacks name recognition, or voters are unsure of which candidate is more moderate. See also Instant - runoff voting Two - round system References Jump up ^ Joe Klein. `` California 's New Jungle Primary System ''. Archived May 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Time. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Here 's How California 's ' Jungle Primary ' System Works ''. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. The theory was that candidates would be forced to moderate their appeals to win a broader section of the electorate... leading to a November ballot between two candidates from the same party. That would happen if multiple candidates from the same party crowded the ballot, canceling each other out as they divided a finite group of voters ^ Jump up to : Kousser, Thad. `` California 's jungle primary sets up polarized governor 's race for November ''. The Conversation. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. The idea was that by opening up primaries to all voters, regardless of party, a flood of new centrist voters would arrive. That would give moderate candidates a route to victory... Candidates did not represent voters any better after the reforms, taking positions just as polarized as they did before the top two. We detected no shift toward the ideological middle. ^ Jump up to : `` The Primary : What Is It Good For ? ''. The Center for Election Science. 2014 - 08 - 21. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. This approach aims to soften how partisan the winners are... support for the middle is divided among three candidates ( we call this vote splitting ). Plurality 's winners are largely determined not by the merit of the candidates, but rather by who else is running. Jump up ^ `` Democratic dread : Party tries to keep California 's odd election rules from denying them House ''. Ventura County Star. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. If too many candidates from one edge of the political spectrum enter the same race without a clear frontrunner, they risk splitting their side of the vote, canceling each other out, and handing the top two spots to the opposition party. Jump up ^ Rakich, Nathaniel ( 2018 - 06 - 05 ). `` California 's Jungle Primary Might Screw Over Both Parties ''. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. The two Republicans might get 25 percent of the vote apiece, while the Democrats each receive 5 percent. Jump up ^ Kousser, Thad ; Phillips, Justin ; Shor, Boris ( 2016 ). `` Reform and Representation : A New Method Applied to Recent Electoral Changes * ''. Political Science Research and Methods : 1 -- 19. doi : 10.1017 / psrm. 2016.43. ISSN 2049 - 8470. Archived from the original on 25 Aug 2015. neither the Citizens Redistricting Commission nor the top - two primary immediately halted the continuing partisan polarization of California 's elected lawmakers or their drift away from the average voter Jump up ^ Hill, Seth J. ; Kousser, Thad ( 2015 - 10 - 17 ). `` Turning Out Unlikely Voters ? A Field Experiment in the Top - Two Primary ''. Political Behavior. 38 ( 2 ) : 413 -- 432. doi : 10.1007 / s11109 - 015 - 9319 - 3. ISSN 0190 - 9320. Two groups that were predicted by advocates to increase their participation in response to this reform -- those registered with third parties or no - party - preference registrants ( independents ) who were not guaranteed a vote in any party 's primary before the move to the top - two -- also show declines in turnout Jump up ^ `` The Unified Primary : A New Way to Conduct Nonpartisan Elections - IVN.us ''. IVN.us. 2014 - 01 - 03. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Different Types of Primary Elections ''. Independent Voter Project. Retrieved 2018 - 06 - 23. Jump up ^ `` History of Blanket Primary ''. Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 09. ^ Jump up to : `` Archived copy '' ( PDF ). Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 2010 - 01 - 07. Retrieved 2008 - 03 - 21. Jump up ^ `` Ballotpedia ''. Jump up ^ Washington Secretary of State. `` Elections & Voting : Top 2 Primary ''. Retrieved 17 May 2018. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 03. Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 24. Jump up ^ Washington Secretary of State Top - Two FAQ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 04 - 25. Retrieved 2011 - 07 - 02. Jump up ^ It 's Called The Salmon Yoga Party : Tri City Herald ( June 20, 2008 ) `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2012 - 01 - 19. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 22. Jump up ^ Republican Dino Rossi can stay `` GOP ' on gubernatorial ballot : Seattle Times ( Sept. 27, 2008 ) `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2014 - 03 - 24. Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 12. Jump up ^ `` June 8, 2010, Primary Election Statement of Vote '' ( PDF ). California Secretary of State. 2010 - 07 - 16. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 21. Jump up ^ `` Proposition 14 Analysis by the Legislative Analyst ''. California Statewide Direct Primary Election, Tuesday, June 8, 2010 Official Voter Information Guide. California Secretary of State. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 09. Jump up ^ `` California 's Top - Two Primary : What Voters Should Know ''. California Secretary of State. 2012 - 05 - 02. Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Oregon Open Primary Initiative, Measure 90 ( 2014 ) ''. Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 10, 2014. Jump up ^ Primary election results for Washington state, 2010 Archived November 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : General election results for Washington state, 2010 Archived January 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Seattle Times Editorial : Washington 's top - two primary gets voters the better choice ''. The Seattle Times. Jump up ^ Official Washington Results 2010 `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 15. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 24. Jump up ^ Official Washington Results `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 01 - 11. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 24. Jump up ^ p. 12, Line 5 ( Sep 17, 2010 ) PLAINTIFF INTERVENORS ' OPPOSITION TO STATE OF WASHINGTON 'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 1CV05 - 0927 JCC `` Archived copy '' ( PDF ). Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 2016 - 03 - 04. Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 09. ^ Jump up to : Seattle Times November 2, 2010 Time for a do - over in the 38th Legislative District 's Senate primary `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2011 - 01 - 10. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 24. ^ Jump up to : Seattle Times August 22, 2010 State Sen. Jean Berkey asks PDC to set aside election results `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2010 - 10 - 08. Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 24. Jump up ^ Primary election results for Washington state, 2010 Archived August 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Tri-City Herald : Didier, Rossi primary captures national attention ''. Jump up ^ `` Rep. Doc Hastings ( R - Wash. ) to retire ''. The Washington Post. February 13, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014. Jump up ^ Joel Connelly ( February 17, 2014 ). `` Clint Didier, Tea Party ally, is running for Congress ''. Seattle PI. Retrieved February 19, 2014. Jump up ^ Yakima Herald Republic Former State AG Director Newhouse Officially Joins 4th District Race Jump up ^ `` August 5, 2014 Primary Results ''. Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved August 11, 2014. Jump up ^ Cite error : The named reference Results was invoked but never defined ( see the help page ). Jump up ^ Primary election results for Washington state, 2016 Archived September 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ General election results for Washington state, 2016 Archived November 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` Donovan, T., 2012. The Top Two Primary : What Can California Learn from Washington ? The California Journal of Politics & Policy, 4 ( 1 ), pp. 1 - 22 ''. Archived from the original on 2015 - 03 - 04. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Donovan, T., 2012. The Top Two Primary : What Can California Learn from Washington ? The California Journal of Politics & Policy, 4 ( 1 ), pp. 1 - 22 ''. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Jump up ^ NO. CV05 - 0927 - JCC DECLARATION OF JEFFREY T. EVEN IN SUPPORT OF STATE 'S REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ( Sep. 17, 2010 ) Jump up ^ `` Washington State Democratic Party ''. Washington State Democratic Party. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Jump up ^ Top 2 Primary : FAQs for Candidates `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2016 - 11 - 04. Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 20. Jump up ^ The Elway press release to news organizations was reprinted in Mapes, Jeff ( 2008 - 08 - 14 ). `` Washington 's current governor 's race ''. Mapes on Politics. The Oregonian. Retrieved 2008 - 08 - 20. Jump up ^ `` Nagler, J., 2015. Voter Behavior in California 's Top Two Primary. California Journal of Politics and Policy, 7 ( 1 ), pp. 1 - 14 ''. Retrieved 23 March 2017. Jump up ^ `` Ahler, Douglas ; Citrin, Jack ; & Lenz, Gabriel S. ( 2015 ). Why Voters May Have Failed to Reward Proximate Candidates in the 2012 Top Two Primary. California Journal of Politics and Policy, 7 ( 1 ) ''. Jump up ^ `` Kousser, Thad. 2015. `` The Top - Two, Take Two : Did Changing the Rules Change the Game in Statewide Contests ? '' California Journal of Politics and Policy 7 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 17 ``. Jump up ^ McGhee, E., Masket, S., Shor, B., Rogers, S. and McCarty, N., 2014. A primary cause of partisanship ? Nomination systems and legislator ideology. American Journal of Political Science, 58 ( 2 ), pp. 337 - 351. doi : McGhee, Eric ; Masket, Seth ; Shor, Boris ; Rogers, Steven ; McCarty, Nolan ( 2014 ). `` 10.1111 / ajps. 12070 ''. American Journal of Political Science. 58 ( 2 ) : 337. doi : 10.1111 / ajps. 12070. Jump up ^ `` Highton, B., Huckfeldt, R. and Hale, I., 2016. Some General Consequences of California 's Top - Two Primary System. California Journal of Politics and Policy, 8 ( 2 ), pp. 1 - 12 ''. Notes ^ Senate Bill No. 18 ^ Oregon Senate Bill Votes ^ SB18 - 2006 Regular Session ( Act 560 ) ^ Myths vs. Facts : Proposition 62 External links Land of a Thousand Liebermans analysis by Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight.com Will California 's ' Top Two ' Primary Work ? New York Times provides six views on new California primary Washington 's top - two primary gets voters the better choice Seattle Times editorial praising Top Two primary in Washington state 2010 elections Top Two primary worth considering advocating Top Two primary for Arizona Pros and cons of a top - two primary LA Times presents two views on the Top Two primary Stop Top Two Free and Equal Elections Foundation, a coalition of independent and minority party activists opposing the Top Two primary Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party upholding top - two primary Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisan_blanket_primary&oldid=853072379 '' Categories : California elections Washington ( state ) elections Electoral systems Primary elections Elections in the United States Hidden categories : Pages with reference errors Webarchive template wayback links Pages with broken reference names Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 2 August 2018, at 07 : 33 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what type of primary does not label the party of the candidates
Answer: nonpartisan blanket primary