Nepalese Army - wikipedia Nepalese Army Nepalese Army Roundel of the Nepalese Army Active 1768 -- present ( 249 years ) Country Nepal Allegiance Government of Nepal Type Army Size 95,000 ( 62,000 reserve ) Garrison / HQ Kathmandu Motto ( s ) It 's better to die than to be a coward Anniversaries Maha Shivaratri Engagements Battle against Mir Qasim 1763 Battle of Pauwa Gadhi against Captain Kinloch, 1767 Battle of Kirtipur Battle of Kathmandu Battle of Bhaktapur Limbuwan - Gorkha War First and Second Sino - Nepalese War Last Nepalese - Tibetan War Anglo - Nepalese War World War I ( Casualties ) World War II ( Casualties ) Nepalese Civil War Commanders Current commander General Rajendra Chhetri Notable commanders Kalu Pande Abhiman Singh Basnet Damodar Pande Amar Singh Thapa Nepali national soldiers by Gustave Le Bon, 1885 Nepalese Army Lance Cpl. Nanu Tamang, with the Birendra Peace Operation Training Center, escorts a role player at the vehicle checkpoint training lane during Khaan Quest 2013 at Five Hills Training Area 130807 - M - DR618 - 122 The Nepalese Army ( Nepali : नेपाली सेना ) or Gorkhali Army ( Nepali : गोर्खाली सेना ) is the armed military Land warfare force of Nepal available internationally and a major component of the Military of Nepal. Service is voluntary and the minimum age for enrollment is 18 years. The army was known as The Royal Nepalese Army ( RNA ) during the monarchy system in Nepal. It was renamed into Nepalese Army since 28 May 2008 with the abolishing of 238 - year - old monarchy. Contents 1 History 2 Organization 2.1 Supreme Command 2.2 The National Defence Council 2.3 Divisions 3 Operations 3.1 Foreign Involvements 3.2 Domestic Operations 3.3 International Operations 3.4 U.S. / Nepal military relations 4 Bases 4.1 Schools 5 Units 6 Equipment 6.1 Small arms 6.2 Heavy weapons 6.3 Vehicles 7 Uniform 7.1 Formal Dress 7.2 Combat Dress 8 Rank Structure 9 Chiefs of the Army Staff 10 Battles 10.1 Battles on Defending Kingdom of Nepal 10.2 Battles of Unification of Kingdom of Nepal 10.3 Battles as allies 11 Medals and Awards 12 See also 13 References 14 External links History Nepal army 's Guruju Paltan ( a ceremonial infantry company ) in traditional uniform Khukuri symbolic weapon of the Nepalese Army Nepal unification campaign was a turning point in the history of the Nepalese army. Since unification was not possible without a strong army, the management of the armed forces had to be exceptional. Apart from the standard Malla era temples in Kathmandu, army being organized in Gorkhas, technicians and experts had to be brought in from abroad to manufacture war materials. After the Gorkhali troops captured Nuwakot, the hilly northern part of Kathmandu ( Kantipur ) in the year 1744, the Gorkhali armed forces came to be known as the Royal Nepalese Army. Their gallantry, sincerity and simplicity impressed even their enemy so much that the British East - India Company started recruiting Nepalese into their forces. Since the British had fought against then RNA, which was till that time, still colloquially known as `` Army of Gorkha '' or `` Gorkhali '' army, the British called their new soldiers `` Gurkhas ''. Sikh and Gurkha army ' s war took place in 1809 which is known as Gurkha - Sikh War. The Indian army, after gaining their independence from the British, started calling them `` Gorkha ''. In 1946, the Royal Nepalese Army troops were led by Commanding General Sir Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana at the Victory Parade in London. The Gurkha Rifles existing in India and Britain are part of foreign military organizations where Nepalis are recruited. The NA are rightfully the true heir of the title of `` The original Army of the Gorkha ''. Prior to 2006 the Nepalese Army was known as the Royal Nepalese Army and was under the control of the King of Nepal. Yet following the Loktantra Andolan ( People 's Movement for Democracy ) on May 18, 2006 a Bill was passed by the Nepalese parliament curtailing royal power, this included renaming the army. In 2004 Nepal spent $99.2 million on its military ( 1.5 % of its GDP ). Since 2002 the RNA had been involved in the Nepali Civil War they were also used to quell the pro-democracy protesters in April 2006 Loktantra Andolan. Most of its arms are supplied by India. Organization The Nepalese Army has about 95,000 infantry army and air service members protecting the sovereignty of Nepal. Supreme Command The position of the Supreme Commander of the Nepalese Army is the President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Until 2006, the King of Nepal ( monarchy abolished ) was in control of all military forces in the country. The National Army was renamed from Royal Nepalese Army to Nepalese Army after the recent national conversion from a monarchy to a republic on 4th Jestha 2063 B.S. The national Defence Council This Council has seven members, the Prime Minister, the Defence Minister, the Chief of the Army Staff, Foreign Minister, Finance Minister, Home Minister and the Chief Secretary. Now, Nepal is officially known as Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The declaration of republic meant that the king is consigned to the history books making the President the supreme commander of NA. Divisions The Nepalese Army is divided into six divisions : Far - Western Mid-Western Western Central Eastern ( 2nd Brigade, 18th Brigade, 21st Brigade ) Valley HQ In addition there are 3 independent brigades : Aviation Brigade Parachute Brigade Security Brigade Operations The Primary role of the NA is to defend the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Nepal. Their secondary role is to provide assistance to the Civilian Government of Nepal in the maintenance of internal security. Other duties include humanitarian assistance / disaster relief operations, assisting in national development, nature conservation efforts and participation in international peacekeeping mission. Foreign Involvements Royal Nepalese Army in Indian Sepoy Mutiny Royal Nepalese Army in The First World War 1914 -- 1918 Royal Nepalese Army in Waziristhan War Royal Nepalese Army in Afghan War − 1919 Royal Nepalese Army in The Second World War Royal Nepalese Army in Hyderbad Action -- 1948 Domestic operations Disarmament of the Khampas -- 1974 In 1974, the then Royal Nepalese Army ( RNA ) was mobilized to disarm the Tibetan Khampas, who had been using Nepalese soil to engage in guerilla warfare against the invading Chinese forces. The Khampas operated mainly from a base secretly established at Mustang in northwest Nepal. The RNA, under diplomatic pressure from China and the international community, moved nine infantry units toward Mustang, and gave the Khampas an ultimatum to either disarm themselves and surrender, or face attack. The terms and conditions of their surrender were that they would be given Nepalese citizenship, land, and money, and free schooling for their children. The Khampa commander, General Wangdi, agreed to surrender but eventually fled the camp. He was later killed by RNA forces in Doti, in far western Nepal, while trying to loot a Nepal Police post. This was the first time the RNA had mobilized domestically in such large numbers. International operations The Nepalese Army has contributed more than 100,000 peacekeepers to a variety of United Nations - sponsored peacekeeping missions such as : United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon ( UNIFIL ), UNOSOMII the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ), UN Operational Mission Somalia II, MINUSTAH the United Nations Mission in Haiti. UNAMSIL -- Currently, Nepal is sending an 800 - man battalion to serve in the peacekeeping mission in Sierra Leone ( UNAMSIL ). UNMIS -- The Nepalese Army has sent a protection company of 200 personnel in United Nations Mission In Sudan. The Redeployment Coordination HQ at Kassala is also manned by the Nepalese contingent. The RCHQ was intended to monitor withdrawals from the eastern sectors of the UNMIS area in accordance with the Sudan Comprehensive Peace Accord. A member of the Nepalese Quick Reactionary Force ( QRF ) stands ready with a variant of the Galil assault rifle. UNDOF MINUSMA -- For the first time, the Nepalese Army has a company of EOD of 140 personnel specially dedicated for improvised explosive device ( IED ) and ordnance disposal mission in Mali. U.S. / Nepal military relations The U.S. - Nepali military relationship focuses on support for democratic institutions, civilian control of the military, and the professional military ethic to include respect for human rights. The US would support Nepal with arms, ammunition and additional commandos and soldiers if war began with its neighbouring China and India. Both countries have had extensive contact over the years. Nepali Army units have served with distinction alongside American forces in places such as Haiti, Iraq, and Somalia. U.S. - Nepali military engagement continues today through IMET, Enhanced International Peacekeeping Capabilities ( EIPC ), Global Peace Operations Initiative ( GPOI ), and various conferences and seminars. The U.S. military sends many Nepalese Army officers to America to attend military schooling such as the Command and General Staff College and the U.S. Army War College. The IMET budget for FY2001 was $220,000. The EPIC program is an interagency program between the Department of Defense and the Department of State to increase the pool of international peacekeepers and to promote interoperability. Nepal received about $1.9 million in EPIC funding. Commander in Chief, Pacific ( CINCPAC ) coordinates military engagement with Nepal through the Office of Defense Cooperation ( ODC ). The ODC Nepal is located in the American Embassy, Kathmandu. Bases Kathmandu Army HQ Panchkhal Military Base ( UN Peacekeeping Training Center ) Major Base Camps are located in all 75 districts of Nepal with at least 20 major base camps and 9500 Army in each districts. Schools Nepalese Army Command and Staff College, Shivapuri Nepalese Army War College, Nagarkot Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati Nepalese Army Recruit Training Center, Trishuli Nepalese Army Jungle Warfare School, Amlekhgunj Nepalese Army High Altitude and Mountain Warfare School, Mustang Nepalese Army Intelligence School, Kharipati Nepalese Army Logistics School, Chhauni Birendra Peace Keeping Operation Training Center, Panchkhal Nepalese Army Para Training School, Maharajgunj Nepalese Army EME school, Kharipati Units Shree Gorkah Bahadur Battalion -- established 1952 ( best infantry unit of NA, then was established for special duty of Royal Guards ). Shree Nath Battalion -- established 1762 ) ) ) Shree Kali Buksh Battalion ( Engineers ) -- established 1762 Shree Kali Prasad Battalion ( Engineers ) -- established 1863 Shree Barda Bahadur Battalion -- established 1762 Shree Sabuj Battalion -- established 1762 Shree Purano Gorakh Battalion -- established 1763 Shree Devidutta Battalion -- established 1783 Shree Naya Gorakh Battalion -- established 1783 Shree Bhairavi Dal Battalion -- established 1785 Shree Singhanath Battalion -- established 1786 ( Commando ) Shree Shreejung Battalion -- established 1783 Shree Ranabhim Battalion -- established 1783 Shree Naya Shree Nath Battalion -- established 1783 Shree Bhairavnath Battalion -- established 1910 -- ( Parachute Battalion ) Shree Ganeshdal Battalion -- established 1846 -- signals and communications Shree Nepal Cavalry -- established 1849 -- Household Cavalry ceremonial unit since 1952 Shree Vajradal Company -- established 1806 Shree Bhagvati Prasad Company -- established 1927 Shree Khadga Dal Battalion - established 1937 Shree Parshwavarti Company -- established 1936 -- served as PM 's Body Guard unit and disbanded 1952 Shree Rajdal Battalion ( Artillery & Air Defence ) Shree Yuddha Bhairav Battalion ( Special Forces ) Shree Yuddha Kawaj Battalion ( Mechanized Infantry ) Shree Mahabir Battalion ( Rangers Battalion. Equivalent to U.S Army Rangers ( Part of Nepalese Army Special Operation Force ) ) Shree Chandan Nath Battalion -- established 2004 ( Infantry Unit ) Shree Tara Dal Battalion -- established 2002 ( Infantry Unit ) Shree No 1 Disaster Management Battalion -- established 2012 Shree No 2 Disaster Management Battalion -- established 2012 Equipment The majority of equipment used by the Nepalese Army is imported from other countries. India is the army 's largest supplier of arms and ammunition as well as other logistical equipment, which are often furnished under generous military grants. Germany, the United States, Belgium, Israel, and South Korea have also either supplied or offered arms to the Nepalese Army. The army is currently in possession of 160,000 firearms. Its first standard rifle was the Belgian FN FAL, which it adopted in 1960. Nepalese FALs were later complemented by unlicensed, Indian - manufactured variants of the same weapon, as well its British counterpart, the L1A1 Self - Loading Rifle. Beginning in 2002 these were officially supplemented in army service by the American M - 16 rifle, which took the FAL 's place as the army 's standard service rifle. Nevertheless, the FAL and its respective variants remain the single most prolific weapon in Nepalese army service, with thousands of second - hand examples being supplied by India as late as 2005. Until 2003, the Nepalese Army 's reserve armories housed a large number of rare and antique firearms, some dating back to the early nineteenth century. These were mostly donated to Nepal by the British East India Company and later by the British Raj, although there were also a few previously undocumented, esoteric weapons designed by Nepalese gunsmiths. Most of these were sold to an American firm, International Military Antiques, to raise funds for the army 's purchase of modern weapons during the civil war. Small arms Weapon Origin Type Calibre Notes Pistols Hi - Power Belgium Semi-automatic pistol 9 × 19mm FN P - 35 variant. Submachine guns M3 United States Submachine gun 9 × 19mm In reserve. MP5 Germany Submachine gun 9 × 19mm Sten United Kingdom Submachine gun 9 × 19mm Sterling United Kingdom Submachine gun 9 × 19mm Uzi Israel Submachine gun 9 × 19mm Rifles M - 16 United States Assault rifle 5.56 × 45mm Standard service rifle of the Nepalese Army. M4 United States Assault rifle 5.56 × 45mm IMI Galil Israel Assault rifle 5.56 × 45mm IWI ACE Israel Battle rifle 7.62 × 51mm Limited use by Military Police. IWI Tavor Israel Assault rifle 5.56 × 45mm Used by Army Special Forces, Ranger Battalion. Tavor X95 Israel Assault rifle 5.56 × 45mm Used by Army Special Forces, Ranger Battalion. Often seen with GL40 UBGL, shown to be OTB compatible. AKM Soviet Union Assault rifle 7.62 × 39mm Confiscated from guerrilla armories. Type 56 China Assault rifle 7.62 × 39mm 300 purchased from China in 2010. L1A2 SLR United Kingdom Battle rifle 7.62 × 51mm Unlicensed Indian variant designated 1A1. FN FAL Belgium Battle rifle 7.62 × 51mm PSG1 Germany Sniper rifle 7.62 × 51mm Ishapore 2A1 United Kingdom Bolt - action rifle 7.62 × 51mm Indian copy of the No. III Enfield, modified for use with 7.62 NATO. New production action and barrel, recycled buttstock from No. III Enfields. Machine guns Bren L4A4 United Kingdom Light machine gun 7.62 × 51mm Used in outposts and basic automatic fire training FN Minimi Belgium Light machine gun 5.56 × 45mm 5,500 purchased from Belgium in 2002. Principal LMG / SAW M249 United States Light machine gun 5.56 × 45mm 300 supplied as military aid from the US. Functionally identical to FN Minimi FN MAG Belgium GPMG 7.62 × 51mm Principal GPMG, used on vehicle mounts. Heavy weapons Weapon Origin Type Calibre Notes Air Defence Bofors L / 70 Sweden Anti-aircraft gun 40mm QF 3.7 - inch AA gun United Kingdom Anti-aircraft gun 37mm Artillery OTO Melara Mod 56 Italy Howitzer 105mm 14 in service. M29 United States Mortar 81mm M30 United States Heavy mortar 106mm 120 - PM - 43 Soviet Union Heavy mortar 120mm 70 in service ; mostly supplied by India. Vehicles Vehicle Origin Type Quantity Notes Armoured cars Daimler Ferret United Kingdom Scout car 40 Ferret Mk4 variant. Armoured personnel carriers Casspir South Africa MRAP 37 Some donated by India. Aditya India MRAP 124 Partly financed with military grants from India. OT - 64 Czechoslovakia APC 8 Donated by the Czech Republic in 2008. WZ551 China APC 5 Acquired from China in 2005. Uniform The Nepalese Army currently have three types of uniform. Formal dress This dress is used primarily for parading and official duties. In August 2010 the Nepalese Army introduced a new ceremonial uniform replacing that worn by the former Royal Army, in order to make it more relevant to the changing context and time. The new uniform comprises an olive green tunic and trousers of modern style, green coloured shirt and tie, leather belt and peaked cap. Combat dress This dress is used by the Nepalese Army for regular operational duties. Nepalese army uses two type of camouflage patterns : Swirl Nepalese 4 - Color Camouflage -- similar to the Japan Air Self Defense Force camouflage Rank structure Rank English equivalent Description Paramadhipati - परमाधिपति Supreme Commander - in - Chief President of Nepal Officers Rank English equivalent Insignia Description Atirathi - अतिरथी Field Marshal -- Five - star rank Pradhan Senapati -- प्रधान सेनापति General Usually translated as `` Chief of the Army Staff ( COAS ) ''. Army commander ; four - star rank. Rathi -- रथी Lieutenant General Held by the Chief of the General Staff ( CGS ) and the Chief of Staff ( COS ) ; Three - star rank. CGS -- responsible for Operations, Intelligence and Training branches COS -- responsible for certain operations including United Nations Peace Support operations, nature conservation & assistance to wildlife preservation, National Cadet Corps and various welfare schemes of the army. Uparathi -- उपरथी Major General Two - star rank : Adjutant General ( AG ) -- responsible for recruitment, records, pay and services, posting and promotions, various ceremonies, legal and medical services, implementation of human rights and humanitarian laws into the operational doctrine and processing any allegations of violation of such rights. Quarter Master General ( QMG ) -- responsible for accommodation, rations, clothing, weapons, ammunition and explosives, equipment and maintenance. Master General of Ordnance ( MGO ) -- responsible for weapons and related procurement. Inspector General ( IG ) -- maintenance of operational readiness Combat Division commander ( 6 ) Sahayakrathi -- सहायक रथी Brigadier General Support Directorate, Combat Brigade or Combat Service Support Brigade commander ; One - star rank Mahasenani -- महासेनानी Colonel Pramukhsenani -- प्रमुख सेनानी Lieutenant Colonel Battalion commander Senani -- सेनानी Major Company commander Sahasenani -- सह सेनानी Captain Company 2IC Upasenani -- उप सेनानी Lieutenant Platoon leader Sahayaksenani -- सहायक सेनानी Second Lieutenant Junior Commissioned Officers ( JCOs ) / Warrant Officers Rank English equivalent Insignia Description Subedar Major -- सुवेदार मेजर Chief Warrant Officer Subedar -- सुवेदार Warrant Officer 1 Jamadar -- जमदार Warrant Officer 2 Non Commissioned Officers ( NCOs ) and Other Ranks Rank English equivalent Insignia Description Hudda - हुद्दा Sergeant Section leader Amaldar - अमल्दार Corporal Section 2IC Piuyth - प्युठ Lance Corporal Sipahi -- सिपाही Private Followers -- Non-Combatants Chiefs of the Army Staff Historically, the Chief of Nepalese Army have been mostly from noble families such as `` Shah '', `` Basnyat / Basnet '', `` Pande '', `` Thapa '' and `` Rana ''. The first army chief during the unification campaign of Nepal by the Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah was Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar. He was followed by Kaji Kalu Pande. Nepali Generals ( between 1740s to 1887 AD ) From top ( LtoR ) ; Biraj Thapa Magar, Maheshwar Panta, Kalu Pande, Shivaram Singh Basnyat, From middle ( LtoR ) ; Ram Krishna Kunwar, Kehar Singh Basnyat, Bamsa Raj Pandey, Abhiman Singh Basnet, From bottom ( LtoR ) Balbhadra Shah, Kirtiman Singh Basnyat, Damodar Pandey, Amar Singh Thapa From top ( LtoR ) ; Bhimsen Thapa, Rana Jang Pandey, Mathabarsingh Thapa, Abhiman Singh Rana Magar, From middle ( LtoR ) ; Jung Bahadur Rana, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Ranodip Singh Kunwar, From bottom ( LtoR ) ; Jagat Shumsher Rana, Dhir Shumsher Rana, Jeet Jung Rana, Khadga Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana Commander - in - Chief of Army ( between 1887 AD to 1960 AD ) Rana Shamsher Rana Dev Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana Rudra Shumsher Rana Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana Mohan Shumsher Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana Kaiser Shumsher Kiran Shumsher Toran Shumsher Chiefs of the Army Staff ( 1960 AD -- present ) No. Rank Name In office 1. General Nir Shumsher JB Rana 15 Baisakh, 2017 B.S ( 1960 ) -- 15 Baisakh 2022 B.S ( 1965 ). 2. General Surendra Bahadur Shah -- 3. General Singha Bahadur Basnyat − 10 May 1975 4. General Guna Shumsher JB Rana 10 May 1975 -- 10 May 1979 5. General Singha Pratap Shah 15 May 1979 -- 15 May 1983 6. General Arjun Narsingh Rana 15 May 1983 -- 15 May 1987 7. General Satchit Shumsher JB Rana 15 May 1987 -- 15 May 1991 8. General Gadul Shumsher JB Rana 15 May 1991 -- 4 May 1995 9. General Dharmapaal Barsingh Thapa 15 May 1995 -- 15 May 1999 10. General Prajwalla Shumsher JB Rana 19 May 1999 -- 9 Sep 2003 11. General Pyar Jung Thapa 10 Sep 2003 -- 9 Sep 2006 12. General Rookmangad Katawal 9 Sep 2006 -- 9 Sep 2009 13. General Chhatra Man Singh Gurung 9 Sep 2009 -- 5 Sep 2012 14. General Gaurav Shumsher JB Rana 6 Sep 2012 -- 10 Sep 2015 15. General Rajendra Chhetri 10 Sep 2015 -- present Battles Nepalese army fights various battles on the unification campaign these battles of Nepal unification help royal Nepalese army to gain more experiences with a gift of Unified Nepal. Battles on Defending Kingdom of Nepal Battle against Mir Qasim -- 1763 CE Battle of Pauwa Gadhi against Captain Kinloch - 1767 CE Anglo - Nepalese War -- 1814 CE First Nepal -- Tibet War Nepal - Tibet / China War Last Nepal - Tibet War Nepalese Civil War Battles of Unification of Kingdom of Nepal Main article : Unification of Nepal Battle of Kirtipur Battle of Kathmandu Battle of Bhaktapur Limbuwan - Gorkha War Battles as allies World War I ( Casualties ) World War II ( Casualties ) Medals and Awards Mahendra Mala Parama Nepal Pratap Baskara Ati Nepal Pratapa Bhaskara Nepal Pratapa Bhaskara Ojasvi Rajanya ( Sovereign -- A ) Ojasvi Rajanya ( Sovereign -- B) Ojasvi Rajanya ( Grand Master -- A ) Ojasvi Rajanya ( Grand Master -- B) Parama Ujjvala Keertimaya Nepal -- Shreepada Ati Ujjvala Keertimaya Nepal -- Shreepada Maha Ujjvala Keertimaya Nepal Shreepada See also Military of Nepal Armed Police Force Nepal References Jump up ^ `` Nepal Military Strength ''. Retrieved 23 October 2014. Jump up ^ `` Lamb6 ''. Retrieved 23 October 2014. Jump up ^ Haviland, Charles ( 2006 - 05 - 19 ). `` Erasing the ' royal ' in Nepal ''. BBC News. Retrieved 2006 - 09 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Nepalese Army -- नेपाली सेना ''. Retrieved 23 October 2014. Jump up ^ `` In a first, NA peacekeepers to dispose explosives under UN mission ''. Retrieved 23 October 2014. Jump up ^ `` NA to deploy 140 soldiers to Mali for peacekeeping -- News -- : : The Kathmandu Post : : ''. Retrieved 23 October 2014. ^ Jump up to : `` Legacies of War in the Company of Peace : Firearms in Nepal '' ( PDF ). Geneva : Small Arms Survey. May 2013. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2016. ^ Jump up to : Graduate Institute of International Studies ( 2003 ). Small Arms Survey 2003 : Development Denied. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 97 - 113. ISBN 978 - 0199251759. ^ Jump up to : Hogg, Ian ( 1991 ). Jane 's Infantry Weapons ( 17 ed. ). Macdonald and Jane 's Publishers Ltd. p. 747. ISBN 978 - 0710609632. Jump up ^ Sharma, Haridev ( 2012 ). Tripathi, Devi Prasad, ed. Nepal in Transition : A Way Forward. New Delhi : Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 57. ISBN 978 - 9381411070. Jump up ^ `` Exercise Shanti Prayas III Closing Ceremony ''. DVIDS. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 27. ^ Jump up to : Pretty, Ronald. Jane 's Weapon Systems, 1983 -- 84 ( 1983 ed. ). Macdonald and Jane 's Publishers Ltd. p. 876. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7106 - 0776 - 8. Jump up ^ Christopher F. Foss. Jane 's Armour and Artillery ( 2002 ed. ). Macdonald and Jane 's Publishers Ltd. p. 740. ISBN 978 - 0710623096. ^ Jump up to : `` Trade Registers ''. Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2013 - 06 - 20. Jump up ^ Leon Engelbrecht. `` South African Arms Exports ''. Retrieved 5 November 2014. Jump up ^ `` Nepalnews.com ''. Nepalnews.com. Jump up ^ `` Organization ''. nepalarmy.mil.np. Jump up ^ `` Ranks ''. nepalarmy.mil.np. Jump up ^ http://www.usnepalonline.com/usa/nepalese-welcome-nepal-army-chief-chhtraman-singh-gurung-in-new-york/list-of-the-photographs-of-49-nepalese-army-generals.html Jump up ^ `` First Field Marshal Nir Shumsher passes away ''. External links Official website of the Nepalese Army Official website of the Nepalese Army Command and Staff College Nepal Indian MPV Background Note : Nepal Nepal List of photographs of 49 Nepalese army generals ( 1 ) http://thediplomat.com/2013/10/the-deft-politicking-of-nepals-army/1/, 2013 Ghimire, S. ( 2016 ). Security Sector Reform Organic : Infrastructure for Peace as an Entry Point ? Peacebuilding. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Army&oldid=814959683 '' Categories : Military of Nepal Armies by country Gurkhas Hidden categories : Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles containing Nepali - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Español Italiano नेपाली Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 11 December 2017, at 22 : 22. About Wikipedia

Question: who was the first army chief of nepal
Answer: Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar