Gulf Coast of the United States - wikipedia Gulf Coast of the United States `` Gulf Coast '' redirects here. For other uses, see Gulf Coast ( disambiguation ). This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( October 2016 ) Gulf Coast megaregion Megaregion States that border the Gulf of Mexico are shown in red. Coordinates : 30 ° N 90 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 30 ° N 90 ° W ﻿ / 30 ; - 90 Coordinates : 30 ° N 90 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 30 ° N 90 ° W ﻿ / 30 ; - 90 Country United States States Alabama Florida Louisiana Mississippi Texas Principal cities Houston New Orleans Tampa Largest city Houston Largest metropolitan area Greater Houston Night time astronaut image of the northern Gulf coast. The Gulf Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Southern United States meets the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States. The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are ( from west to east ) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, St. Petersburg, Tampa, and increasingly, Sarasota ; all are the centers of their respective metropolitan areas and contain large ports. ( Baton Rouge is relatively far from the Gulf of Mexico ; its port is on the Mississippi River, as is the port of New Orleans. ) Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Climate 2 Economic activities 3 History 4 Metropolitan areas 5 Transportation 5.1 Road 5.1. 1 Major Interstates 5.1. 2 Major U.S. routes 5.1. 3 Other significant routes 5.2 Air 5.2. 1 International service 5.3 Rail 5.3. 1 Amtrak service 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Further reading 9 External links Geography The Gulf Coast is made of many inlets, bays, and lagoons. The coast is also intersected by numerous rivers, the largest of which is the Mississippi River. Much of the land along the Gulf Coast is, or was, marshland. Ringing the Gulf Coast is the Gulf Coastal Plain which reaches from Southern Texas to the western Florida Panhandle while the western portions of the Gulf Coast are made up of many barrier islands and peninsulas, including the 130 miles ( 210 km ) Padre Island and Galveston Island located in the U.S. State of Texas. These landforms protect numerous bays and inlets providing as a barrier to oncoming waves. The central part of the Gulf Coast, from eastern Texas through Louisiana, consists primarily of marshland. The eastern part of the Gulf Coast, predominantly Florida, is dotted with many bays and inlets. Climate The Gulf Coast climate is humid subtropical, although the southwestern tip of Florida, such as Naples, features a tropical climate. Much of the year is warm to hot along the Gulf Coast, while the 3 winter months bring periods of cool ( or rarely, cold ) weather mixed with mild temperatures. The area is vulnerable to hurricanes as well as floods and severe thunderstorms. Much of the Gulf Coast has a summer precipitation maximum, with July or August commonly the wettest month due to the combination of frequent summer thunderstorms produced by relentless heat and humidity, and tropical weather systems ( tropical depressions, tropical storms and hurricanes, while winter and early spring rainfall also can be heavy. This pattern is evident at New Orleans, Louisiana, Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida. However, the central and southern Florida peninsula has a pronounced winter dry season, as at Tampa and Fort Myers, Florida. On the central and southern Texas coast, winter, early spring and mid-summer are markedly drier, and September is the wettest month on average ( as at Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas ). Tornadoes are infrequent at the coast but do occur ; however, they occur more frequently in inland portions of Gulf Coast states. Over most of the Gulf Coast from Houston, Texas eastward, extreme rainfall events are a significant threat, commonly from tropical weather systems, which can bring 4 to 10 or more inches of rain in a single day. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall along the central Texas coast, then migrated to and stalled over the greater Houston area over several days, producing extreme, unprecedented rainfalls of 20 + inches, and as high as 51.9 inches, over the entire Houston metropolitan area and unleashing widespread, colossal flooding. Earthquakes are extremely rare to the area, but a surprising 6.0 earthquake in the Gulf of Mexico on September 10, 2006, could be felt from the cities of New Orleans to Tampa. Economic activities NOAA map of the 3,856 oil and gas platforms extant off the Gulf Coast in 2006. The Gulf Coast is a major center of economic activity. The marshlands along the Louisiana and Texas coasts provide breeding grounds and nurseries for ocean life that drive the fishing and shrimping industries. The Port of South Louisiana ( Metropolitan New Orleans in Laplace ) and the Port of Houston are two of the ten busiest ports in the world by cargo volume. As of 2004, seven of the top ten busiest ports in the U.S. are on the Gulf Coast. The discovery of oil and gas deposits along the coast and offshore, combined with easy access to shipping, have made the Gulf Coast the heart of the U.S. petrochemical industry. The coast contains nearly 4,000 oil platforms. Besides the above, the region features other important industries including aerospace and biomedical research, as well as older industries such as agriculture and -- especially since the development of the Gulf Coast beginning in the 1920s and the increase in wealth throughout the United States -- tourism. History Map of the Louisiana Purchase Before Europeans arrived in the region, the region was home to several pre-Columbian kingdoms that had extensive trade networks with empires such as the Aztecs and the Mississippi Mound Builders. Shark and alligator teeth and shells from the Gulf have been found as far north as Ohio, in the mounds of the Hopewell culture. The first Europeans to settle the Gulf Coast were primarily the French and the Spanish. The Louisiana Purchase and the Texas Revolution made the Gulf Coast a part of the United States during the first half of the 19th century. As the U.S. population continued to expand its frontiers westward, the Gulf Coast was a natural magnet in the South providing access to shipping lanes and both national and international commerce. The development of sugar and cotton production ( enabled by slavery ) allowed the South to prosper. By the mid 19th century the city of New Orleans, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U.S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U.S. overall. Two major events were turning points in the earlier history of the Gulf Coast region. The first was the American Civil War, which caused severe damage to some economic sectors in the South, including the Gulf Coast. The second event was the Galveston Hurricane of 1900. At the end of the 19th century Galveston was, with New Orleans, one of the most developed cities in the region. The city had the third busiest port in the U.S. and its financial district was known as the `` Wall Street of the South ''. The storm mostly destroyed the city, which has never regained its former glory, and set back development in the region. Hurricane Katrina Since then the Gulf Coast has been hit with numerous other hurricanes. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast as a Category 5 hurricane. It was the most damaging storm in the history of the United States, causing upwards of $80 billion in damages, and leaving over 1,800 dead. Again in 2008 the Gulf Coast was struck by a catastrophic hurricane. Due to its immense size, Hurricane Ike caused devastation from the Louisiana coastline all the way to the Kenedy County, Texas region near Corpus Christi. In addition, Ike caused flooding and significant damage along the Mississippi coastline and the Florida Panhandle Ike killed 112 people and left upwards of 300 people missing, never to be found. Hurricane Ike was the third most damaging storm in the history of the United States, causing more than $25 billion in damage along the coast, leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless, and sparking the largest search - and - rescue operation in U.S. history. Other than the hurricanes, the Gulf Coast has redeveloped dramatically over the course of the 20th century. The gulf coast is highly populated. The petrochemical industry, launched with the major discoveries of oil in Texas and spurred on by further discoveries in the Gulf waters, has been a vehicle for development in the central and western Gulf which has spawned development on a variety of fronts in these regions. Texas in particular has benefited tremendously from this industry over the course of the 20th century and economic diversification has made the state a magnet for population and home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other U.S. state. Florida has grown as well, driven to a great extent by its long established tourism industry but also by its position as a gateway to the Caribbean and Latin America. As of 2006, these two states are the second and fourth most populous states in the nation, respectively ( see this article ). Other areas of the Gulf Coast have benefited less, though economic development fueled by tourism has greatly increased property values along the coast, and is now a severe danger to the valuable but fragile ecosystems of the Gulf Coast. Metropolitan areas The following table lists the 15 largest MSAs along the Gulf Coast. Metropolitan Statistical Areas on the United States Gulf Coast Rank Metropolitan Statistical Area 2016 Pop ( est. ) 2000 Pop Δ Pop Combined Statistical Area Houston - Sugar Land - Baytown, TX MSA 6,772,470 4,715,407 0061 + 24.43 % Houston - Baytown - Huntsville, TX CSA Tampa - St. Petersburg - Clearwater, FL MSA 3,032,171 2,395,997 0155 + 14.66 % ~ primary census statistical area New Orleans - Metairie - Kenner, LA MSA 1,268,883 1,316,510 1090 - 9.61 % New Orleans - Metairie - Bogalusa, LA CSA 5 Baton Rouge MSA 835,175 729,361 0114 + 11.03 % ~ primary census statistical area McAllen - Edinburg - Mission, TX MSA 849,843 569,463 0114 + 30.15 % primary census statistical area 6 North Port - Bradenton - Sarasota, FL MSA 788,457 589,959 0114 + 16.64 % Sarasota - Bradenton - Punta Gorda, FL CSA 7 Cape Coral - Fort Myers, FL MSA 722,336 440,888 0015 + 33.12 % ~ primary census statistical area 8 Pensacola - Ferry Pass - Brent, FL MSA 485,684 412,153 0258 + 10.42 % ~ primary census statistical area 9 Corpus Christi, TX MSA 454,726 403,280 0610 + 3.18 % Corpus Christi - Kingsville, TX CSA 11 Mobile, AL MSA 414,836 399,843 0712 + 2.97 % Mobile - Daphne - Fairhope, AL CSA 10 Brownsville -- Harlingen, TX MSA 422,135 335,227 0228 + 18.24 % ~ Brownsville - Harlingen - Raymondville, TX CSA 12 Beaumont - Port Arthur, TX MSA 409,968 385,090 0896 - 1.72 % ~ primary census statistical area 14 Naples - Marco Island, FL MSA 318,537 251,377 0039 + 26.72 % ~ primary census statistical area 13 Gulfport - Biloxi, MS MSA 365,136 246,190 1017 - 3.01 % Gulfport - Biloxi - Pascagoula, MS CSA 15 Houma - Bayou Cane - Thibodaux, LA MSA 211,525 194,477 0590 + 4.37 % ~ primary census statistical area Transportation Road Major Interstates I - 45 and I - 10 near Downtown Houston Highway Significant Cities Served Interstate 2 Harlingen Interstate 4 Tampa Interstate 10 Houston, Baytown, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola Interstate 37 Corpus Christi Interstate 45 Galveston, Houston Interstate 49 New Orleans ( future ), Houma ( future ), Thibodaux ( future ), Lafayette Interstate 65 Mobile Interstate 69 Victoria ( future ), Houston Interstate 69E Brownsville, Harlingen, Corpus Christi, Victoria ( future ) Interstate 69W Victoria ( future ) Interstate 75 Naples, Fort Myers, Bradenton, St. Petersburg, Tampa Major U.S. routes Highway Significant Cities Served U.S. 17 Punta Gorda U.S. 19 St. Petersburg, Tampa U.S. 29 Pensacola U.S. 41 Bradenton, Fort Myers, Naples, St. Petersburg, Tampa U.S. 45 Mobile U.S. 49 Biloxi, Gulfport U.S. 59 Houston, Victoria U.S. 69 Beaumont, Port Arthur U.S. 77 Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Harlingen, Victoria U.S. 83 Brownsville, Harlingen U.S. 87 Port Lavaca, Victoria U.S. 90 Beaumont, Biloxi, Crestview, Houma, Houston, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Mobile, New Orleans, Pascagoula, Pensacola, Thibodaux U.S. 92 St. Petersburg, Tampa U.S. 96 Beaumont, Port Arthur U.S. 98 Fort Walton Beach, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City Other significant routes Highway Significant Cities Served LA 1 Grand Isle, Port Fourchon, Thibodaux S.R. 85 Crestview, Fort Walton Beach S.H. 288 Houston, Lake Jackson Air International service Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport International Destinations George Bush Intercontinental Airport Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Bonaire, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Germany, Cayman Islands, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkey, UAE, United Kingdom, Venezuela Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport Canada, Cuba, Germany, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, United Kingdom Southwest Florida International Airport Canada, Germany Tampa International Airport Canada, Cayman Islands, United Kingdom, Panama, Switzerland, Cuba, Germany, Bahamas, Mexico, Iceland Rail Amtrak service Sunset Limited in Houston. Train Route Gulf Coast Cities Served City of New Orleans Chicago to New Orleans New Orleans Crescent New York to New Orleans New Orleans, Picayune, MS, Slidell, LA Sunset Limited Los Angeles to Orlando ( temporarily New Orleans ) Bay St. Louis, MS, Beaumont, TX, Biloxi, Crestview, FL, Gulfport, MS, Houston, Lafayette, LA, Lake Charles, LA, Baton Rouge, LA, Mobile, New Orleans, Panama City, FL, Scriever, LA, Pascagoula, MS, Pensacola See also United States portal Emerald Coast Florida Panhandle Geography of the United States Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Houston List of ports in the United States Megaregions of the United States Mississippi Gulf Coast New Orleans Tampa West Florida Notes Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Matt ( 2003 - 06 - 14 ). `` Busiest Ports in the World ''. Retrieved 2006 - 10 - 15. Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Matt ( June 14, 2003 ). `` Waterborne Commerce Statistics : Tonnage for Selected U.S. Ports in 2004 ''. Archived from the original on November 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006 - 10 - 15. Jump up ^ Nash, Gary B. Red, White and Black : The Peoples of Early North America Los Angeles 2015. Chapter 1, p. 6 Jump up ^ `` The 1900 Storm ''. Archived from the original on 2006 - 07 - 11. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 11. Jump up ^ `` Galveston, Texas History ''. Galveston.com. Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 15. Jump up ^ `` Evacuation and Devastation in Southern Texas ''. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 28. Jump up ^ `` Flooding in Miss. and FL ''. USA Today. 2008 - 09 - 11. Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 28. Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/10/02/ike.missing/ Jump up ^ Robbie Berg ( 2009 - 01 - 23 ). `` Hurricane Ike Tropical Cyclone Report '' ( PDF ). NHC. Retrieved 2009 - 09 - 12. Jump up ^ Ike Evacuation and Rescue Operation Archived 2013 - 12 - 02 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ `` New Orleans airport is one of eight given approval for Cuba flights ''. Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 03. Further reading Drescher, Christopher F., Stefan E. Schulenberg, and C. Veronica Smith. `` The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the Mississippi Gulf Coast : Mental health in the context of a technological disaster. '' American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 84.2 ( 2014 ) : 142. Smith, F. Todd Louisiana and the Gulf South Frontier, 1500 -- 1821 ( Louisiana State University Press ; 2014 ) 304 pages Williamson, James M., and John L. Pender. `` Economic Stimulus and the Tax Code The Impact of the Gulf Opportunity Zone. '' Public Finance Review ( 2014 ) : 1091142114557724. External links `` Map of the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico '' from 1639 via the World Digital Library Regions of the United States Administrative ( political ) Units U.S. state District of Columbia Insular area Minor Outlying Island Maritime territory Time zones Hawaii -- Aleutian Alaska Pacific Mountain Central Eastern Census West Pacific Mountain Midwest EN Central WN Central Northeast New England Middle Atlantic South S Atlantic ES Central WS Central Courts of appeals 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th Physical Physiographic Pacific Mountain Intermontane Plateaus Rocky Mountain Superior Upland Interior Plains Interior Highlands Appalachian Atlantic Plain Coastal Arctic West Great Lakes Gulf East Historical Acquisitions Thirteen Colonies Northwest Territory Southwest Territory Louisiana Purchase Gadsden Purchase Texas annexation Oregon Treaty Mexican Cession Alaska Purchase Newlands Resolution Civil War Union Border states Confederacy Old South Dixie Slave and free states Theaters Pacific Western Trans - 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Boca Raton Panama City -- Lynn Haven -- Panama City Beach Pensacola -- Ferry Pass -- Brent Port St. Lucie Punta Gorda Sebastian -- Vero Beach Tallahassee Tampa - St. Petersburg -- Clearwater Largest cities Jacksonville Miami Tampa Orlando St. Petersburg Hialeah Tallahassee Port St. Lucie Fort Lauderdale West Palm Beach Cape Coral Pembroke Pines Hollywood Counties Alachua Baker Bay Bradford Brevard Broward Calhoun Charlotte Citrus Clay Collier Columbia DeSoto Dixie Duval Escambia Flagler Franklin Gadsden Gilchrist Glades Gulf Hamilton Hardee Hendry Hernando Highlands Hillsborough Holmes Indian River Jackson Jefferson Lafayette Lake Lee Leon Levy Liberty Madison Manatee Marion Martin Miami ‐ Dade Monroe Nassau Okaloosa Okeechobee Orange Osceola Palm Beach Pasco Pinellas Polk Putnam Santa Rosa Sarasota Seminole St. Johns St. Lucie Sumter Suwannee Taylor Union Volusia Wakulla Walton Washington Former Counties Mosquito State of Louisiana Baton Rouge ( capital ) Topics Index History Music Louisianians Constitution Governors Lieutenant Governors Secretaries of State Attorneys General Legislature Supreme Court Congressional districts Symbols Tourist attractions Seal of Louisiana Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Media Newspapers Radio TV Politics Regions Acadiana Ark - La - Tex Central Louisiana Florida Parishes Greater New Orleans Northwest Louisiana North Louisiana Southwest Louisiana Cities Alexandria Baton Rouge Bossier City Hammond Houma Kenner Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe Natchitoches New Iberia New Orleans Opelousas Ponchatoula Ruston Shreveport Slidell Sulphur CDPs Chalmette Harvey LaPlace Marrero Metairie Moss Bluff Terrytown Metros Alexandria Baton Rouge Hammond Houma -- Bayou Cane -- Thibodaux Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport -- Bossier City Parishes See : List of parishes in Louisiana State of Mississippi Jackson ( capital ) Topics Mississippians Delegations Governors Lieutenant Governors Legislature State Parks State Landmarks Music History Geography Tourist attractions Seal of Mississippi Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Media Newspapers Radio TV Politics Regions The Delta Golden Triangle Gulf Coast Mississippi Plain Natchez District North Mississippi Pine Belt Tennessee Valley Metros Gulfport - Biloxi Hattiesburg Jackson Memphis ( TN ) Pascagoula Larger cities Gulfport Jackson Southaven Smaller cities Bay St. Louis Biloxi Brandon Brookhaven Canton Clarksdale Cleveland Clinton Columbus Corinth Gautier Greenville Greenwood Grenada Hattiesburg Horn Lake Indianola Itta Bena Laurel Long Beach Louisville Madison Magee McComb Mendenhall Meridian Moss Point Natchez Ocean Springs Olive Branch Oxford Pascagoula Pass Christian Pearl Picayune Ridgeland Starkville Tunica Tupelo Vicksburg Waveland West Hattiesburg ( Oak Grove ) West Point Yazoo City Counties Adams Alcorn Amite Attala Benton Bolivar Calhoun Carroll Chickasaw Choctaw Claiborne Clarke Clay Coahoma Copiah Covington DeSoto Forrest Franklin George Greene Grenada Hancock Harrison Hinds Holmes Humphreys Issaquena Itawamba Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jefferson Davis Jones Kemper Lafayette Lamar Lauderdale Lawrence Leake Lee Leflore Lincoln Lowndes Madison Marion Marshall Monroe Montgomery Neshoba Newton Noxubee Oktibbeha Panola Pearl River Perry Pike Pontotoc Prentiss Quitman Rankin Scott Sharkey Simpson Smith Stone Sunflower Tallahatchie Tate Tippah Tishomingo Tunica Union Walthall Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wilkinson Winston Yalobusha Yazoo State of Texas Austin ( capital ) Topics Architecture Climate Cuisine Geography Government Healthcare History Languages Law Literature Media Newspapers Radio TV National Historic Landmarks Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Sites Sports Symbols Texans Tourist attractions Transportation Seal of Texas Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Gambling Politics Regions Ark ‐ La ‐ Tex Big Bend Blackland Prairies Brazos Valley Central Texas Coastal Bend Concho Valley Cross Timbers Deep East Texas East Texas Edwards Plateau Golden Triangle Hill Country Llano Estacado Northeast Texas North Texas Osage Plains Panhandle Permian Basin Piney Woods Rio Grande Valley Southeast Texas South Plains South Texas Texoma Trans - Pecos West Texas Metropolitan areas Abilene Amarillo Austin -- Round Rock Beaumont -- Port Arthur Brownsville -- Harlingen College Station -- Bryan Corpus Christi Dallas -- Fort Worth -- Arlington El Paso Houston -- The Woodlands -- Sugar Land Killeen -- Temple Laredo Longview Lubbock McAllen -- Edinburg -- Mission Midland Odessa San Angelo San Antonio -- New Braunfels Sherman -- Denison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls Counties See : List of counties in Texas Gulf Coast of North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States&oldid=818307398 '' Categories : Gulf Coast of the United States Coasts of the United States Coasts of the Atlantic Ocean Landforms of the Gulf of Mexico Landforms of Alabama Landforms of Florida Landforms of Louisiana Landforms of Mississippi Landforms of Texas Megapolitan areas of the United States Southeastern United States Southern United States Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Articles lacking in - 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Question: the area of texas that borders the gulf of mexico is called
Answer: Gulf Coast of the United States