Messiah - wikipedia Messiah This article is about the concept of a savior. For the oratorio by George Frideric Handel, see Messiah ( Handel ). For other uses, see Messiah ( disambiguation ). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. ( September 2010 ) This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them. Please help improve this article by adding references to reliable secondary sources, with multiple points of view. ( January 2012 ) Samuel anoints David, Dura Europos, Syria, Date : 3rd century CE. In Abrahamic religions, the Messiah ( Hebrew : מָשִׁיחַ ‎ ‎, translit. māšîaḥ ‎, sometimes spelled Moshiach ), is the one chosen to lead the world and save it. The term also appears in the forms Messias ( Ancient Greek : Μεσσίας ), Christ ( Ancient Greek : Χριστός ), or Al - Masih ( Arabic : المسيح ‎ ‎, ISO 233 : al - masīḥ ). The concepts of the Messiah, messianism, and the Messianic Age grew from the Book of Isaiah ( 4 : 2 and chapter 11 ) during the latter half of the 8th century BCE. The term comes from the Hebrew word for anointed one. In the Hebrew Bible, Israel 's kings were sometimes called God 's `` messiah '' -- God 's anointed one. A messiah could also be an anointed high priest or prophet. An anointed individual in general did not necessarily need to descend from Jacob, as the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, as annointed for his decree to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple. In Judaism, the Messiah ( הַמָּשִׁיחַ ‎, HaMashiach, `` the anointed one '' ), often referred to as `` King Messiah '' ( מלך המשיח ‎, Melekh HaMashiach ), is expected to descend from King David and accomplish the unification of the twelve tribes into a re-established nation. The Jerusalem Temple 's rebuilding will usher in a Messianic Age of global peace. In Christianity, the Messiah is called the Christ, from Ancient Greek : χριστός, translating the Hebrew word of the same meaning. Unlike Judaism and Islam, the Messiah in Christianity is the Son of God, as Lord and Savior. Christ became the accepted Christian designation and title of Jesus of Nazareth, because Christians believe that messianic prophecies in the Christian Old Testament were fulfilled in his mission, death, and resurrection. Christians believe that Jesus will fulfill the rest of the Messianic prophecies in the Second Coming, to usher in a Messianic Age or a permanent World to Come. In Islam, Jesus was a Prophet and the Masîḥ ( مسيح ), the Messiah in Islam, sent to the Israelites, and will return to Earth at the end of times, along with the Mahdi, and defeat al - Masih ad - Dajjal. In Ahmadiyya theology, these prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ( 1835 -- 1908 ), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement, and the terms `` Messiah '' and `` Mahdi '' are synonyms for one and the same person. In Chabad messianism, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn ( r. 1920 - 1950 ), sixth Rebbe ( spiritual leader ) of Chabad Lubavitch, and Menachem Mendel Schneerson ( 1902 - 1994 ), seventh Rebbe of Chabad, are Messiah claimants, though neither ever claimed to be the messiah themselves and often vehemently denied claims that they were the messiah. Resembling early Christianity, the deceased Menachem Mendel Schneerson is believed to be the Messiah among some adherents of the Chabad movement ; his second coming is believed to be imminent. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Judaism 2.1 Chabad 3 Christianity 4 Islam 4.1 Shia Islam 5 Ahmadiyya 6 Other traditions 7 Popular culture 8 See also 9 Notes 10 Bibliography 11 External links Etymology Messiah ( Hebrew : מָשִׁיחַ ‎, Modern Mashiaẖ, Tiberian Māšîăḥ ; in modern Jewish texts in English spelled Mashiach ; Aramaic : משיחא ‎ ‎, Greek : Μεσσίας, Syriac : ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ ‎, Məšîḥā, Arabic : المسيح ‎ ‎, al - Masīḥ, Latin : Messias ) literally means `` anointed one ''. In Hebrew, the Messiah is often referred to as מלך המשיח ( Meleḵ ha - Mašīaḥ in the Tiberian vocalization, pronounced ( ˈmeleχ hamaˈʃiaħ ), literally meaning `` the Anointed King ''. ) The Greek Septuagint version of the Old Testament renders all thirty - nine instances of the Hebrew word for `` anointed '' ( Mašíaḥ ) as Χριστός ( Khristós ). The New Testament records the Greek transliteration Μεσσίας, Messias twice in John. al - Masīḥ ( proper name, pronounced ( mæˈsiːħ ) ) is the Arabic word for messiah. In modern Arabic, it is used as one of the many titles of Jesus. Masīḥ is used by Arab Christians as well as Muslims, and is written as Yasūʿ al - Masih ( يسوع المسيح ) by Arab Christians or ʿĪsā al - Masīḥ ( عيسى المسيح ) by Muslims. The word al - Masīḥ literally means `` the anointed '', `` the traveller '', or the `` one who cures by caressing ''. In Qur'anic scripture, Jesus is mentioned as having been sent down by Allah, strengthened by the holy spirit, and hence, ' anointed ' with the task of being a prophet and a `` recipient of sacred scripture ''. The Israelites, to whom Isa was sent, had a traditional practice of anointing their kings with oil. An Imam Bukhari hadith describes Jesus as having wet hair that looked as if water was dripping from it, possibly meaning he was naturally anointed. Muslims believe that this is just one of the many signs that proves that Jesus is the Messiah. Judaism Main articles : Messiah in Judaism and Jewish Messiah claimants See also : Jewish eschatology and Judaism 's view of Jesus The literal translation of the Hebrew word mashiach ( messiah ) is `` anointed '', which refers to a ritual of consecrating someone or something by putting holy oil upon it. It is used throughout the Hebrew Bible in reference to a wide variety of individuals and objects ; for example, a Jewish king, Jewish priests and prophets, the Jewish Temple and its utensils, unleavened bread, and a non-Jewish king ( Cyrus king of Persia ). In Jewish eschatology, the term came to refer to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who will be `` anointed '' with holy anointing oil, to be king of God 's kingdom, and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. In Judaism, the Messiah is not considered to be God or a pre-existent divine Son of God. He is considered to be a great political leader that has descended from King David. That is why he is referred to as Messiah ben David, which means `` Messiah, son of David ''. The messiah, in Judaism, is considered to be a great, charismatic leader that is well oriented with the laws that are followed in Judaism. He will be the one who will not `` judge by what his eyes see '' or `` decide by what his ears hear ''. Belief in the eventual coming of a future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of Maimonides ' 13 Principles of Faith. Maimonides describes the identity of the Messiah in the following terms : And if a king shall arise from among the House of David, studying Torah and occupied with commandments like his father David, according to the written and oral Torah, and he will impel all of Israel to follow it and to strengthen breaches in its observance, and will fight God 's wars, this one is to be treated as if he were the anointed one. If he succeeded and built the Holy Temple in its proper place and gathered the dispersed ones of Israel together, this is indeed the anointed one for certain, and he will mend the entire world to worship the Lord together, as it is stated : `` For then I shall turn for the nations a clear tongue, so that they will all proclaim the Name of the Lord, and to worship Him with a united resolve ( Zephaniah 3 : 9 ). '' Even though the eventual coming of the messiah is a strongly upheld idea in Judaism, trying to predict the actual time when the messiah will come is an act that is frowned upon. These kinds of actions are thought to weaken the faith the people have in the religion. This happened once when Sabbatai Zevi, from Smirna ( now İzmir, Turkey ), claimed that he was the messiah that the Jewish community have been waiting for. So in Judaism, there is no specific time when the messiah comes. Rather, it is the acts of the people that determines when the messiah comes. It is said that the messiah would come either when the world needs his coming the most ( when the world is so sinful and in desperate need of saving by the messiah ) or deserves it the most ( when genuine goodness prevails in the world ). A common modern rabbinic interpretation is that there is a potential messiah in every generation. The Talmud, which often uses stories to make a moral point ( aggadah ), tells of a highly respected rabbi who found the Messiah at the gates of Rome and asked him, `` When will you finally come ? '' He was quite surprised when he was told, `` Today. '' Overjoyed and full of anticipation, the man waited all day. The next day he returned, disappointed and puzzled, and asked, `` You said messiah would come ' today ' but he did n't come ! What happened ? '' The Messiah replied, `` Scripture says, ' Today, if you will but hearken to his voice. ' '' A Kabbalistic tradition within Judaism is that the commonly discussed messiah who will usher in a period of freedom and peace ( Messiah ben David ) will be preceded by Messiah ben Joseph, who will gather the children of Israel around him, lead them to Jerusalem. After overcoming the hostile powers in Jerusalem, Messiah ben Joseph, will reestablish the Temple - worship and set up his own dominion. Then Armilus, according to one group of sources, or Gog and Magog, according to the other, will appear with their hosts before Jerusalem, wage war against Messiah ben Joseph, and slay him. His corpse, according to one group, will lie unburied in the streets of Jerusalem ; according to the other, it will be hidden by the angels with the bodies of the Patriarchs, until Messiah ben David comes and brings him back to life. Chabad Further information : Chabad messianism, Chabad - Lubavitch related controversies, and Jewish Messiah claimants Chabad - `` Halachic Ruling '' declaring `` every single Jew '' had to believe in the imminent second coming of the deceased 7th Lubavitcher Rebbe as the Messiah Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn ( r. 1920 - 1950 ), sixth Rebbe ( spiritual leader ) of Chabad Lubavitch, and Menachem Mendel Schneerson ( 1902 - 1994 ), seventh Rebbe of Chabad, are Messiah claimants, though neither ever claimed to be the messiah themselves and often vehemently denied claims that they were the messiah. As per Chabad - Lubavitch messianism, Menachem Mendel Schneerson openly declared his deceased father - in - law, the former 6th Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, being the Messiah. He published about Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn to be '' Atzmus u'mehus alein vi er hat zich areingeshtalt in a guf '' ( Yiddish and English for : `` Essence and Existence ( of God ) which has placed itself in a body '' ). The gravesite of his deceased father - in - law Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, known as `` the Ohel '', became a central point of focus for Menachem Mendel Schneerson 's prayers and supplications. Regarding the deceased Menachem Mendel Schneerson, a later Chabad - `` Halachic Ruling '' claims that it was `` incumbent on every single Jew to heed the Rebbe 's words and believe that he is indeed King Moshiach, who will be revealed imminently ''. Outside of Chabad messianism, in Judaism, there is no basis to these claims. If anything, this resembles the faith in the resurrection of Jesus and his second coming in early Christianity. Still today, the deceased rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson is believed to be the Messiah among adherents of the Chabad movement, and his second coming is believed to be imminent. He is venerated and invocated to by thousands of visitors and letters each year at the Ohel -- especially in a pilgrimage each year on the anniversary of his death. Christianity The Last Judgment, by Jean Cousin the Younger ( c. late 16th century ) Main article : Christ ( title ) See also : Jesus in Christianity, Redeemer ( Christianity ), and Christian messianic prophecies The Greek translation of Messiah is khristos ( χριστός ), anglicized as Christ, and Christians commonly refer to Jesus as either the `` Christ '' or the `` Messiah ''. Christians believe that Messianic prophecies were fulfilled in the mission, death, and resurrection of Jesus and that he will return to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy. The majority of historical and mainline Christian theologies consider Jesus to be the Son of God and God the Son, a concept of the Messiah fundamentally different from the Jewish and Islamic concepts. In each of the four New Testament Gospels, the only literal anointing of Jesus is conducted by a woman. In the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and John, this anointing occurs in Bethany, outside Jerusalem. In the Gospel of Luke, the anointing scene takes place at an indeterminate location, but context suggests it to be in Galilee, or even a separate anointing altogether. Islam Part of a series on Jesus in Christianity Christ Christology Names and titles Life of Jesus Gospels Gospel harmony Places Virgin birth Nativity Baptism Ministry Miracles Parables Humiliation Execution Burial Resurrection Ascension Obedience Heavenly Session Intercession Second Coming Relics Jesus in Islam Gospel Mary Disciples Death Mahdi End times Background Background to the New Testament Language spoken by Jesus Jesus ' race / genealogy Jesus in history Chronology Historical Jesus Historicity ( Gospels ) Mythology Christ myth theory Criticism Unknown years Perspectives on Jesus Biblical Christian ( Lutheran ) Jewish Talmud Islamic ( Ahmadi ) Scientology Josephus Tacitus Bar - Serapion Jesus in culture Life in art Depiction Jesuism Christianity portal Islam portal Book : Jesus Main articles : Mahdi, Muhammad al - Mahdi, and Jesus in Islam While the term `` messiah '' does appear in Islam, it is important to acknowledge that the meaning is starkly different than that of Christianity and Judaism. `` Though Islam shares many of the beliefs and characteristics of the two Semitic / Abrahamic / monotheistic religions which preceded it, the idea of messianism which is of central importance in Judaism and Christianity is alien to Islam as represented by the Qur'an. '' The Quran identifies Jesus as the messiah ( Masih ), who will one day return to earth. At the time of the second coming, `` according to Islamic tradition, Jesus will come again and exercise his power of healing. He will forever destroy falsehood, as embodied in the Daj - jal, the great falsifier, the anti-Christ. Then God will reign forever. '' The Muslims refer to Jesus as `` Isa ''. Jesus is one of the most important prophets in the Islamic tradition, along with Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad. Unlike Christians, Muslims see Jesus as merely a prophet, but not as God Himself or the son of God. Like all other prophets, Jesus is an ordinary man, who receives revelations from God. According to religious scholar, Mona Siddiqui, in Islam, `` Prophecy allows God to remain veiled and there is no suggestion in the Qur'an that God wishes to reveal of himself just yet. Prophets guarantee interpretation of revelation and that God 's message will be understood. '' Prophecy in human form does not represent the true powers of God, contrary to the way Jesus is depicted in mainstream Christianity. The Quran states that Isa, the Son of Mariam ( Arabic : Isa ibn Maryam ), is the Messiah and Prophet sent to the Children of Israel. The birth of Isa is described Quran sura 19 verses 1 -- 33, and sura 4 verse 171 explicitly states Isa as the Son of Mariam. Sunni Muslims believe Isa is alive in Heaven and did not die in the crucifixion, as depicted in mainstream Christianity. According to religious scholar, Mahmoud Ayoub, `` Jesus ' close proximity or nearness ( qurb ) to God is affirmed in the Qur'anic insistence that Jesus did not die, but was taken up to God and remains with God ( Q : 3 : 54 ; 4 : 157 ) '' It is believed that Isa will return to Earth to defeat the Masih ad - Dajjal ( false Messiah ), a figure similar to the Antichrist in Christianity, who will emerge shortly before Yawm al - Qiyāmah ( `` the Day of Resurrection '' ). The community leader ( `` Mahdi '' ) will come shortly before the second coming of Jesus. After he has destroyed ad - Dajjal, his final task will be to become leader of the Muslims. Isa will unify the Muslim Ummah ( the followers of Islam ) under the common purpose of worshipping Allah alone in pure Islam, thereby ending divisions and deviations by adherents. Mainstream Muslims believe that at that time Isa will dispel Christian and Jewish claims about him. A hadith in Abu Dawud ( 37 : 4310 ) says : Narrated Abu Hurayrah : The Prophet said : There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Isa. He will descend ( to the earth ). When you see him, recognise him : a man of medium height & reddish dusky complexion, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops of water were falling down from his head though it will not be wet. He will fight for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill the swines, and put an end to war ( in another Tradition, there is the word Jizyah instead of Harb ( war ), meaning that he will abolish jizyah ) ; God will perish all religions except Islam. He ( Isa ) will destroy the Antichrist who will live on the earth for forty days and then he will die. The Muslims will pray behind him. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims agree that al - Mahdi will arrive first, and after him, Isa. Isa will proclaim al - Mahdi as the Islamic community leader. A war will be fought -- the Dajjal against alMahdi and Isa. This war will mark the approach of the coming of the Last Day. After Isa slays alDajjāl at the Gate of Lud, he will bear witness and reveal that Islam is indeed the true and last word from God to humanity as Yusuf Ali 's translation reads : `` And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death ; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them. '' A hadith in Sahih Bukhari ( Sahih al - Bukhari, 4 : 55 : 658 ) says : Allah 's Apostle said `` How will you be when the son of Mariam descends among you and your Imam is from among you ? '' The Quran refutes the crucifixion of Jesus, claiming that he was neither killed nor crucified. The Quran also emphasizes the difference between Allah ( God in Arabic ) and the Messiah : `` Those who say that Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary, are unbelievers. The Messiah said : `` O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord... unbelievers too are those who have said that Allah is the third of three... the Messiah, son of Mary, was only a Messenger before whom other Messengers had gone. '' Shia Islam Shi'i Islam, which significantly values and revolves around the 12 spiritual leaders called Imams, differs significantly from the beliefs of Sunni Islam. Unlike Sunni Islam, `` Messianism is an essential part of religious belief and practice for almost all Shi'a Muslims. '' Shi'i Islam believes that the last Imam will return again, with the return of Jesus. According to religious scholar, Mona Sidique, `` Shi'is are acutely aware of the existence everywhere of the twelfth Imam, who disappeared in 874. Shi'i piety teaches that the hidden Imam will return with Jesus Christ to set up the messianic kingdom before the final Judgement Day, when all humanity will stand before God. The Imams and Fatima will have a direct impact on the judgements rendered that day. This will represent the ultimate intercession. '' There is debate on whether Shi'i Muslims should accept the death of Jesus. Religious scholar Mahmou Ayoub argues `` Modern Shi'i thinkers have allowed the possibility that Jesus died and only his spirit was taken up to heaven. '' Conversely, religious scholar Mona Siddiqui argues that Shi'i thinkers believe Jesus was `` neither crucified nor slain. '' She also argues that Shi'i Muslims believe that the twelfth imam did not die, but `` was taken to God to return in God 's time, '' and `` will return at the end of history to establish the kingdom of God on earth as the expected Mahdi. '' Ahmadiyya Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, considered by Ahmadis to be the Promised Messiah of the latter days See also : Prophethood ( Ahmadiyya ) and Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam In Ahmadiyya theology, the terms `` Messiah '' and `` Mahdi '' are synonymous terms for one and the same person. The term `` Mahdi '' means guided by God, thus implying a direct ordainment by God of a divinely chosen individual. According to Ahmadiyya thought, Messiahship is a phenomenon through which a special emphasis is given on the transformation of a people by way of offering suffering for the sake of God instead of giving suffering ( i.e. refraining from revenge ). Ahmadis believe that this special emphasis was given through the person of Jesus and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ( 1835 -- 1908 ) among others. Ahmadis hold that the prophesied eschatological figures of Christianity and Islam, the Messiah and Mahdi, were in fact to be fulfilled in one person who was to represent all previous prophets. Numerous hadith are presented by the Ahmadis in support of their view, such as one from Sunan Ibn Majah, which says, `` There is No Mahdi but Jesus son of Mary. '' Ahmadis believe that the prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ( 1835 -- 1908 ), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Unlike mainstream Muslims, the Ahmadis do not believe that Jesus is alive in heaven, but that he survived the crucifixion and migrated towards the east where he died a natural death and that Ghulam Ahmad was only the promised spiritual second coming and likeness of Jesus, the promised Messiah and Mahdi. He also claimed to have appeared in the likeness of Krishna and that his advent fulfilled certain prophecies found in Hindu scriptures. He stated that the founder of Sikhism was a Muslim saint, who was a reflection of the religious challenges he perceived to be occurring. Ghulam Ahmad wrote Barahin - e-Ahmadiyya, in 1880, which incorporated Indian, Sufi, Islamic and Western aspects in order to give life to Islam in the face of the British Raj, Protestant Christianity, and rising Hinduism. He later declared himself the Promised Messiah and the Mahdi following Divine revelations in 1891. Ghulam Ahmad argued that Jesus had appeared 1300 after the formation of the Muslim community and stressed the need for a current Messiah, in turn claiming that he himself embodied both the Mahdi and the Messiah. Ghulam Ahmad was supported by Muslims who especially felt oppressed by Christian and Hindu missionaries. Other traditions In Buddhism, Maitreya is considered to the next Buddha ( awakened one ) that is promised to come. He is expected to come to renew the laws of Buddhism once the teaching of Gautama Buddha has completely decayed. Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, claimed to be the figure prophesied in the scriptures of the world 's religions. His name, when translated literally, means `` The Glory of God '' in Arabic. According to the Baha'i faith, Bahá'u'lláh addressed not only those timeless theological and philosophical questions that have stayed with humanity since old times such as : Who is God ? What is goodness ? and Why are we here ? but also the questions that have preoccupied philosophers of the 20th century : What motivates human nature ? Is real peace indeed possible ? Does God still care for humanity ? and the like. He is considered to be the latest of the messengers that God sent to human beings. He is the one who brought new spiritual and social teachings for our modern age. He taught that there is only one God, that all of the world 's religions are from God, and that now is the time for humanity to recognize its oneness and unite. Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia is believed to be the Messiah by followers of the Rastafari movement. This idea further supports the belief that God himself is black, which they ( followers of the Rastafarian movement ) try to further strengthen by a verse from the Bible.. Even if the Emperor denied being the messiah, the followers of the Rastafari movement believe that he is a messenger from God. To justify this, Rastafarians used reasons such as Emperor Haile Selassie 's bloodline, which is assumed to come from King Solomon of Israel, and the various titles given to him, which include Lord of Lords, King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah. In Kebatinan ( Javanese religious tradition ), Satrio Piningit is a character in Jayabaya 's prophecies who is destined to become a great leader of Nusantara and to rule the world from Java. In Serat Pararaton, King Jayabaya of Kediri foretold that before Satrio Piningit 's coming, there would be flash floods and that volcanoes would erupt without warning. Satrio Piningit is a Krishna - like figure known as `` Ratu Adil '' ( Indonesian King of Justice ) and his weapon is a trishula. Popular culture The Messiah, a 2007 Persian film depicting the life of Jesus from an Islamic perspective The Young Messiah, a 2016 American film depicting the childhood life of Jesus from a Christian perspective Dune Messiah, a 1969 novel by Frank Herbert, second in his Dune trilogy, also part of a miniseries, one of the widest selling works of fiction in the 1960s Messiah is the final persona of Persona 3 's protagonist, obtained after he understands the meaning of his journey The following works include the concept of a messiah as a leader of a cause or liberator of a people : The Jewish Messiah, a 2008 novel by Arnon Grunberg Messiah, a 1999 novel by Andrei Codrescu See also Antichrist Kalki, a figure in Hindu eschatology Li Hong, a figure in Taoist eschatology List of messiah claimants Jewish Messiah claimants List of people claimed to be Jesus List of Mahdi claimants Maitreya, a bodhisattva in Buddhist eschatology Maitreya ( Theosophy ) Messianism Saoshyant, a figure in Zoroastrianism who brings about the final renovation of the world Soter Year 6000 Notes Jump up ^ Ginsberg, HL, `` Encyclopedia Judaica : Messiah, '' * Jewish Virtual Library * ( 2008 ; The Gale Group ). Accessed at https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/messiah on 2 / 13 / 17. Jump up ^ Potok, C ( ed ), `` P'shat Commentary, '' * Etz Hayim * ( 2001 ; The Rabbinical Assembly ), 838 & Kushner, H ( ed ), `` D'rash Commentary, '' 45. Jump up ^ Wright, Robert ( June 2009 ). The Evolution of God ( 1st ed. ). New York, NY : Little, Brown, and Company. p. 247. ISBN 978 - 0 - 316 - 73491 - 2. Jump up ^ Jewish Encyclopedia : Cyrus : Cyrus and the Jews : `` This prophet, Cyrus, through whom were to be redeemed His chosen people, whom he would glorify before all the world, was the promised Messiah, ' the shepherd of Yhwh ' ( xliv. 28, xlv. 1 ). '' Jump up ^ Telushkin, Joseph. `` The Messiah ''. The Jewish Virtual Library Jewish Literacy. NY : William Morrow and Co., 1991. Reprinted by permission of the author. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Jump up ^ Flusser, David. `` Second Temple Period ''. Messiah. Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008 The Gale Group. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Jump up ^ Megillah 17b -- 18a, Taanit 8b Jump up ^ Sotah 9a Jump up ^ Schochet, Rabbi Prof. Dr. Jacob Immanuel. `` Moshiach ben Yossef ''. Tutorial. moshiach.com. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Jump up ^ Blidstein, Prof. Dr. Gerald J. `` Messiah in Rabbinic Thought ''. MESSIAH. Jewish Virtual Library and Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008 The Gale Group. Retrieved 2 December 2012. ^ Jump up to : Etymology Online Jump up ^ Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure of Christianity. ^ Jump up to : `` Muttaqun OnLine - Dajjal ( The Anti-Christ ) : According to Quran and Sunnah ''. Muttaqun.com. Retrieved 9 November 2012. ^ Jump up to : Ask Islam : What is the different between a messiah and a prophet ? ( audio ) ^ Jump up to : Messiah and Mahdi - Review of Religions ^ Jump up to : also : Habad messianism, Lubavitcher messianism, mishichism, meshichism. ^ Jump up to : Susan Handelman, The Lubavitcher Rebbe Died 20 Years Ago Today. Who Was He ?, Tablet Magazine ^ Jump up to : Adin Steinsaltz, My Rebbe. Maggid Books, page 24 ^ Jump up to : Dara Horn, June 13, 2014 `` Rebbe of Rebbe 's ''. The Wall Street Journal. ^ Jump up to : Aharon Lichtenstein, Euligy for the Rebbe. June 16, 1994. ^ Jump up to : The New York Times, Statement From Agudas Chasidei Chabad, Feb 9, 1996. ^ Jump up to : Famed Posek Rabbi Menashe Klein : Messianic Group Within Chabad Are Apikorsim ^ Jump up to : On Chabad Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : Public Responsa from Rabbi Aharon Feldman on the matter of Chabad messiansim ( Hebrew ), 23 Sivan, 5763 - http://moshiachtalk.tripod.com/feldman.pdf. See also Rabbi Feldman 's letter to David Beger : http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/feldman_berger_sm_2.jpg ^ Jump up to : Berger, David ( April 1, 2008 ). The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference. Littman Library Of Jewish Civilization. ISBN 978 - 1904113751. for further information see the article : The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference ^ Jump up to : Berger, Rabbi Prof. Dr. David. `` On the Spectrum of Messianic Belief in Contemporary Lubavitch Chassidism ''. Shema Yisrael Torah Network. Retrieved 3 July 2016. ^ Jump up to : Freeman, Charles. The Closing of the Western Mind, p. 133. Vintage. 2002. ^ Jump up to : Bar - Hayim, HaRav David. `` The False Mashiah of Lubavitch - Habad ''. Machon Shilo ( Shilo Institute ). Retrieved 17 June 2016. ^ Jump up to : Bar - Hayim, HaRav David. `` Habad and Jewish Messianism ( audio ) ''. Machon Shilo ( Shilo Institute ). Retrieved 17 June 2016. Jump up ^ Online Etymology Dictionary ^ Jump up to : Badawi, Elsaid ; Haleem, Muhammad Abdel ( 2008 ). Arabic -- English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Koninklijke Brill. p. 881. Jump up ^ Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. `` 2 : 87 ''. The Qur'an : Text, Translation and Commentary. Jump up ^ Sahih Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 55, Number 649 Jump up ^ Tanakh verses : 1 Samuel 10 : 1 - 2 1 Kings 1 : 39 Leviticus 4 : 3 Exodus 40 : 9 - 11 Numbers 6 : 15 Isaiah 45 : 1 Jump up ^ `` Judaism 101 : Mashiach : The Messiah ''. Jewfaq.org. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ Isaiah 11 : 3 - 4 ^ Jump up to : `` Judaism 101 : Mashiach : The Messiah ''. Jewfaq.org. Retrieved 9 November 2012. Jump up ^ Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11 : 4 Jump up ^ Psalms 95 : 7 Jump up ^ `` Messiah ''. Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ William Horbury, Markus Bockmuehl, James Carleton Paget : Redemption and resistance : the messianic hopes of Jews and Christians in antiquity Page 294 : ( 2007 ) ISBN 978 - 0567030443 Jump up ^ Likutei Sichos, Vol 2, pp. 510 - 511. Jump up ^ Identifying Chabad : what they teach and how they influence the Torah world. ( Revised ed. ). Illinois : Center for Torah Demographics. 2007. p. 13. ISBN 978 - 1411642416. Retrieved 29 June 2016. Jump up ^ Singer, HaRav Tovia. `` Why did some expect the Lubavitcher Rebbe to Resurrect as the Messiah ? Rabbi Tovia Singer Responds ( video - lecture ) ''. Tovia Singer Youtube.com. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Jump up ^ `` Halachic Ruling ''. Psak Din. Retrieved March 22, 2014. Jump up ^ Gryvatz Copquin, Claudia ( 2007 ). The Neighborhoods of Queens. Yale University Press. pp. 20 -- 23. ISBN 0 - 300 - 11299 - 8. Jump up ^ The New York Observer, `` Rebbe to the city and Rebbe to the world ''. Editorial, 07 / 08 / 14. ^ Jump up to : Hassan, Riffat ( Spring 1985 ). `` Messianism and Islam '' ( PDF ). Journal of Ecumenical Studies. 22 : 2 : 263. ^ Jump up to : Ayoub, Mahmoud ( 2007 ). A Muslim View of Christianity : Essays on Dialogue. Maryknoll, NY : Orbis Books. p. 115. ISBN 978 - 1 - 57075 - 690 - 0. ^ Jump up to : Albert, Alexander. `` Orientating, Developing, and Promoting an Islamic Christology ''. FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Retrieved 1 May 2014. Jump up ^ Wensick, A.J. ( 2012 ). `` al - Masih ''. Encyclopedia of Islam. ^ Jump up to : Siddiqui, Mona ( 2013 ). Christians, Muslims, and Jesus. Yale University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978 - 0 - 300 - 16970 - 6. ^ Jump up to : `` The Holy Quran ''. Alislam.org. Retrieved 9 November 2012. Jump up ^ Khalidi, Tarif ( 2001 ). Muslim Jesus. President and Fellows of Harvard College. p. 25. ISBN 0 - 674 - 00477 - 9. Jump up ^ `` Sunni and Shi'a ''. BBC. Retrieved 1 May 2014. Jump up ^ Bill, James ; Williams, John Alden ( 2002 ). Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims. The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 57 -- 58. ISBN 0 - 8078 - 2689 - 8. Jump up ^ `` '' Mahdi '' in a Special Meaning and Technical Usage ``. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Retrieved 30 April 2014. Jump up ^ Ibn Majah, Bab, Shahadatu - Zaman Jump up ^ `` Jesus : A humble prophet of God ''. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Retrieved 30 April 2014. Jump up ^ Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian ( 2007 ). Lecture Sialkot ( PDF ). Tilford, Surrey, United Kingdom : Islam International Publications Ltd. p. 39 - 40. Lecture Sialkot ^ Jump up to : Robinson, Francis. `` Prophets without honour ? Ahmad and the Ahmadiyya ''. History Today. 40 ( June ) : 46. Jump up ^ `` Maitreya ( Buddhism ) ''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ Momen, Moojan ( 2004 ). `` Baha'i Faith and Holy People ''. In Jestice, Phyllis G. Holy People of the World : A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA : ABC - CLIO. ISBN 1 - 57607 - 355 - 6. Jump up ^ `` Bahá'u'lláh - History ''. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ `` The life of Baha'u'llah ''. www. Baha'i.org. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ `` Rastafarian beliefs ''. BBC. 9 October 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2010. Jump up ^ `` Haile Selassie I - God of the Black race ''. BBC News. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Jump up ^ R.M. Mangkudimedja. 1979. Serat Pararaton Jilid 2. Jakarta : Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah. p. 168 ( In Indonesian ) Jump up ^ Mulder, Niel. 1980. `` Kedjawen : Tussen de Geest en Persoonlijkheid van Javaans ''. The Hague : Droggstopel. p. 72 ( In Dutch ) Jump up ^ The Messiah ( 2007 film ) Jump up ^ The Young Messiah ( film ) Bibliography Aryeh Kaplan, From Messiah to Christ,, New York : Orthodox Union, 2004. Joseph Klausner, The Messianic Idea in Israel from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah, London : George Allen & Unwin, 1956. Jacob Neusner, William S. Green, Ernst Frerichs, Judaisms and their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1987. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Messiah Messiah in Jewish Virtual Library Messiah in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica The Catholic Encyclopedia : Messiah GND : 4038832 - 3 NDL : 00567616 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messiah&oldid=808040450 '' Categories : Religious terminology Christology Jewish theology Judeo - Christian topics Messianism Prophets of Islam Hebrew words and phrases Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2017 Articles needing cleanup from September 2010 All pages needing cleanup Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from September 2010 Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from September 2010 Articles lacking reliable references from January 2012 All articles lacking sources Articles needing more viewpoints from January 2012 Use dmy dates from November 2012 Articles containing Hebrew - language text Articles containing Ancient Greek - language text Articles containing Arabic - language text Articles containing Aramaic - language text Articles containing Syriac - language text Articles containing Latin - language text Articles containing Greek - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Afrikaans Alemannisch ܐܪܡܝܐ Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Wolof 粵語 Zazaki 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 31 October 2017, at 14 : 36. 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Question: what is the name of the messiah in hebrew
Answer: מָשִׁיחַ‎‎, translit. māšîaḥ‎, sometimes spelled Moshiach