Xingu peoples - wikipedia Xingu peoples This article is about ethnic group. For other uses, see Xingu. Xingu Indians Mehinako Indians, ca. 1894 Aweti Kalapalo Kamaiurá Kayapó Kuikuro Matipu Mehinako Nahukuá Suyá Trumai Waura Yawalapiti Total population 3,000 Xingu peoples are indigenous peoples of Brazil living near the Xingu River. They have many cultural similarities despite their different ethnologies. Xingu people represent fifteen tribes and all four of Brazil 's indigenous language groups, but they share similar belief systems, rituals and ceremonies. Contents 1 Precolumbian history 2 Post-contact history 3 Notes 4 External links Precolumbian history The Upper Xingu region was heavily populated prior to European and African contact. Densely populated settlements developed from 1200 to 1600 AD. Ancient roads and bridges linked communities that were often surrounded by ditches or moats. The villages were pre-planned and featured circular plazas. Archaeologists have unearthed 19 villages so far. Post-contact history Kuikuro oral history says European slavers arrived in the Xingu region around 1750. Xinuguano population was estimated in the tens of thousands but was dramatically reduced by diseases and slavery by Europeans. In the centuries since the penetration of the Europeans into South America, the Xingu fled from different regions to escape modernization and cultural assimilation. Nonetheless settlers made it up as far as the upper run of the Rio Xingu. By the end of the 19th century, about 3,000 natives lived at the Alto Xingu, where their current political status has kept them protected against European intruders. By the mid twentieth century this number had been reduced by foreign epidemic diseases such as flu, measles, smallpox and malaria to less than 1,000. Only an estimated 500 Xingu peoples were alive in the 1950s. The Brazilian Villas - Bôas brothers visited the area beginning in 1946, and pushed for the creation of the Parque Indígena do Xingu, eventually established in 1961. Their story is told in a film, Xingu. The number of Xingu living there in 32 settlements has risen again to over 3000 inhabitants, half of them younger than 15 years. The Xingu living in this region have similar habits and social systems, despite different languages. Specifically, they consist of the following peoples : the Aweti, Kalapalo, Kamaiurá, Kayapó, Kuikuro, Matipu, Mehinako, Nahukuá, Suyá, Trumai, Wauja and Yawalapiti. Notes Jump up ^ Hackenberger, Michael J. et al. `` Amazonia 1492 : Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland ? '' Science Magazine. 25 July 2003 ( retrieved 25 June 2011 ) ^ Jump up to : Wren, Kathleen. `` Lost cities of the Amazon revealed. '' MSNBC : Science Mysteries. ( retrieved 25 June 2011 ) External links The Indians of the Xingu : Cultural Homogenization in the Amazon Rainforest A Report on the Xingu Peoples and the Land A Xingu case study, the Rainforest Action Network Xingu, on Povos indigenous no Brasil Photo report of a 2006 trip to Xingu park Xingu Indigenous Park Xingu peoples Aweti Ikpeng Kalapalo Kamayurá Kaiabi Kayapo Kuikuro Matipu Mehinako Nahukuá Suyá Trumai Wauja Yawalapiti Yudjá Xingu rituals Quarup Yamurikuma Xingu explorers Percy Fawcett Cândido Rondon Karl von den Steinen Villas - Bôas brothers Indigenous peoples of Brazil Indigenous peoples of the North Region Acre Apurinã Asháninka Kaxinawá Kulina Machinere Yaminawá Amapá Aparai Kalina Palikur Wayampi Amazonas Amahuaca Apurinã Banawá Baniwa Barasana Bora Cambeba Cubeo Dâw Hup Jamamadi Juma Karajá Korubo Kulina Macuna Mawé Matis Matsés Munduruku Mura Parintintín Pirahã Pira - tapuya Siriano Tariana Tembé Tenharim Ticuna Tiriyó Tucano Turiwára Wai - wai Wayampi Wayana Witoto Yanomami Zuruahã Pará Amanayé Anambé Aparai Apiacá Arara ( Pará ) Araweté Atikum Gavião ( Pará ) Karajá Kayapo Munduruku Suruí ( Pará ) Tembé Tiriyó Turiwára Wai - wai Wayampi Wayana Zo'é Rondônia Arara ( Rondônia ) Cinta Larga Gavião ( Rondônia ) Kanoê Karitiana Kwaza Paiter Uru - Eu - Wau - Wau Wari ' Roraima Aikanã Akawaio Akuntsu Macushi Patamona Pemon Wapishana Yanomami Ye'kuana Tocantins Apinajé Karajá Tapirapé Xambioá Xerente Indigenous peoples of the Northeast Region Bahia Pataxó Ceará Kiriri Tabajara Tapeba Maranhão Awá - Guajá Guajajara Ka'apor Paraíba Potiguara Pernambuco Xukuru Indigenous peoples of the Central - West Region Mato Grosso Aimoré Apiacá Aweti Bororo Chiquitano Cinta Larga Enawene Nawe Guató Ikpeng Kaiabi Kalapalo Kamayurá Karajá Kayapo Kuikuro Matipu Munduruku Nahukuá Nambikwara Paiter Panará Rikbaktsa Suyá Tapirapé Terena Trumai Umutina Wai - wai Wauja Xavante Yawalapiti Yudjá Mato Grosso do Sul Chamacoco Guarani - Kaiowá Guató Kadiweu Mbayá Ofayé Terena Indigenous peoples of the South and Southeast Regions Espírito Santo Tupiniquim Minas Gerais Aimoré Kaxixó Xakriabá São Paulo Aimoré Kaingang Terena Widespread Kaingang Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xingu_peoples&oldid=803338849 '' Categories : Indigenous peoples in Brazil Indigenous peoples of the Amazon Xingu peoples Hidden categories : Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Français Lietuvių Nederlands Português Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 1 October 2017, at 22 : 18. 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Question: the upper xingu region of the amazon rainforest
Answer: Xingu River