Triple test - wikipedia Triple test Triple test Medical diagnostics Test of chromosomal abnormalities The triple test, also called triple screen, the Kettering test or the Bart 's test, is an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high - risk or low - risk for chromosomal abnormalities ( and neural tube defects ). The term `` multiple - marker screening test '' is sometimes used instead. This term can encompass the `` double test '' and `` quadruple test '' ( described below ). The Triple screen measures serum levels of AFP, estriol, and beta - hCG, with a 70 % sensitivity and 5 % false - positive rate. It is complemented in some regions of the United States, as the Quad screen ( adding inhibin A to the panel, resulting in an 81 % sensitivity and 5 % false - positive rate for detecting Down syndrome when taken at 15 -- 18 weeks of gestational age ) and other prenatal diagnosis techniques, although it remains widely used in Canada and other countries. A positive screen indicates an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities ( and neural tube defects ), and such patients are then referred for more sensitive and specific procedures to receive a definitive diagnosis, often prenatal diagnosis via amniocentesis, although the stronger screening option of cell - free fetal DNA screening ( also popularly known as noninvasive prenatal screening ) is frequently offered. The Triple test can be understood as an early predecessor to a long line of subsequent technological improvements. In some American states, such as Missouri, Medicaid reimburses only for the Triple test and not other potentially more accurate screening tests, whereas California offers Quad tests to all pregnant women. Contents 1 Conditions screened 2 Values measured 3 Interpretation 4 Variations 4.1 Double test 4.2 Quadruple test 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Conditions screened The most common abnormality the test can screen is trisomy 21 ( Down syndrome ). In addition to Down syndrome, the triple and quadruple screens assess risk for fetal trisomy 18 also known as Edward 's syndrome, open neural tube defects, and may also detect an increased risk of Turner syndrome, triploidy, trisomy 16 mosaicism, fetal death, Smith - Lemli - Opitz syndrome, and steroid sulfatase deficiency. Values measured The triple test measures the following three levels in the maternal serum : alpha - fetoprotein ( AFP ) human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) unconjugated estriol ( UE ) Interpretation The levels may indicate increased risk for certain conditions or may be benign : AFP UE hCG Associated conditions low low high Down syndrome low low low trisomy 18 ( Edward 's syndrome ) high n / a n / a neural tube defects ( like spina bifida that may have associated increased levels of acetylcholinesterase in the amnionic fluid ), omphalocele, gastroschisis, multiple gestation ( like twins or triplets ), or an underestimation of gestational age. An estimated risk is calculated and adjusted for the expectant mother 's age ; if she 's diabetic ; if she 's having twins or other multiples, and the gestational age of the fetus. Weight and ethnicity may also be used in adjustments. Many of these factors affect the levels of the substances being measured and the interpretation of the results : As maternal weight increases, MSAFP level decreases African - American women have MSAFP levels that are 10 - 15 % higher than those of Caucasian women for unknown reasons Women with insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus have MSAFP levels that are 20 % lower than the rest of the population Having multiple gestations, such as twins, increases MSAFP because each fetus secretes its own AFP Incorrect estimation of gestational age is the most common cause of abnormal MSAFP levels The test is for screening, not for diagnosis, and does not have nearly the same predictive power of amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. The screening test carries a much lower risk to the fetus, however, and in conjunction with the age - related risk of the patient it is useful to help determine the need for more invasive tests. Variations If only two of the hormones above are tested for, then the test is called a double test. A quad test tests an additional hormone, inhibin. Furthermore, the triple test may be combined with an ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency. Double test Free beta hCG and PAPP - A are measured. However, the maternal age, weight, ethnicity etc. are still included. In the UK the double test is part of the combined test for prenatal diagnostics. Quadruple test A test of levels of dimeric inhibin A ( DIA ) is sometimes added to the other three tests, under the name `` quadruple test. '' Other names used include `` quad test '', `` quad screen '', or `` tetra screen. '' Inhibin A will be found high in cases of trisomy 21 and low in cases of trisomy 18. Inhibin A Associated conditions High Trisomy 21 ( Down syndrome ) Low Trisomy 18 ( Edwards syndrome ) Variable Trisomy 13 ( Patau syndrome ) See also Triple bolus test Cell free fetal DNA test References Jump up ^ Renier MA, Vereecken A, Van Herck E, Straetmans D, Ramaekers P, Buytaert P ( March 1998 ). `` Second trimester maternal dimeric inhibin - A in the multiple - marker screening test for Down 's syndrome ''. Hum. Reprod. 13 ( 3 ) : 744 -- 8. doi : 10.1093 / humrep / 13.3. 744. PMID 9572446. Jump up ^ Yudin MH, Prosen TL, Landers DV ( October 2003 ). `` Multiple - marker screening in human immunodeficiency virus - positive pregnant women : Screen positivity rates with the triple and quad screens ''. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 189 ( 4 ) : 973 -- 6. doi : 10.1067 / S0002 - 9378 ( 03 ) 01053 - 6. PMID 14586337. Jump up ^ Lao, M.R. ; Calhoun, B.C. ; Bracero, L.A. ; Wang, Y. ; Seybold, D.J. ; Broce, M. ; Hatjis, C.G. ( 2009 ). `` The ability of the quadruple test to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in a high - risk obstetric population ''. J Med Screen. 16 ( 2 ) : 55 -- 59. doi : 10.1258 / jms. 2009.009017. PMID 19564516. Jump up ^ sogc.org Archived 2009 - 06 - 28 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ cdph.ca.gov Archived 2017 - 02 - 12 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Benn PA ( 2002 ). `` Advances in prenatal screening for Down syndrome : I. general principles and second trimester testing ''. Clin. Chim. Acta. 323 ( 1 -- 2 ) : 1 -- 16. doi : 10.1016 / S0009 - 8981 ( 02 ) 00186 - 9. PMID 12135803. Jump up ^ Ball RH, Caughey AB, Malone FD, et al. ( 2007 ). `` First - and second - trimester evaluation of risk for Down syndrome ''. Obstet Gynecol. 110 ( 1 ) : 10 -- 7. doi : 10.1097 / 01. AOG. 0000263470.89007. e3. PMID 17601890. Jump up ^ `` Downs Syndrome Screening at Nottingham City Hospital ''. Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 12. Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 20. ^ Jump up to : Henry 's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 22nd ed. Chapter 25 Jump up ^ Lamlertkittikul S, Chandeying V ( 2007 ). `` Experience on triple markers serum screening for Down syndrome fetus in Hat Yai, Regional Hospital ''. J Med Assoc Thai. 90 ( 10 ) : 1970 -- 6. PMID 18041410. Jump up ^ `` Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies ''. National Institute for Health and Care Excellende. Retrieved 10 October 2016. Jump up ^ Wald NJ, Morris JK, Ibison J, Wu T, George LM ( 2006 ). `` Screening in early pregnancy for pre-eclampsia using Down syndrome quadruple test markers ''. Prenat. Diagn. 26 ( 6 ) : 559 -- 64. doi : 10.1002 / pd. 1459. PMID 16700087. External links AmericanPregnancy.org Risk and Down screening Obstetrical surgery and other procedures ( ICD - 9 - CM V3 72 -- 75, ICD - 10 - PCS 1 ) Diagnostic Pregnancy test Leopold 's maneuvers Cardiotocography Fetoscopy Fetal scalp blood testing Fetal scalp stimulation test Sampling Fetal tissue Chorionic villus sampling Amniocentesis Blood Triple test Quad test Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling Apt test Kleihauer -- Betke test Lung maturity Lecithin -- sphingomyelin ratio Lamellar body count Fetal fibronectin test Obstetric ultrasonography : Nuchal scan Anomaly scan Prenatal testing : Fetal movement counting Contraction stress test Nonstress test Vibroacoustic stimulation Biophysical profile Amniotic fluid index Umbilical Artery Dopplers Intervention Fetal surgery Fetendo Podalic version External cephalic version Amnioinfusion Delivery Vaginal delivery Induction Artificial rupture of membranes Episiotomy Symphysiotomy Forceps in childbirth Ventouse in childbirth Odon device Dystocia management McRoberts maneuver Woods ' screw maneuver Zavanelli maneuver Third stage of labor Manual placenta removal Caesarean section Elective On maternal request EXIT procedure Resuscitative hysterotomy Postpartum hemorrhage Hysterectomy B - Lynch suture Sengstaken -- Blakemore tube Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_test&oldid=855893330 '' Categories : Tests during pregnancy Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Türkçe 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 21 August 2018, at 14 : 58 ( UTC ). 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Question: what is triple test for pregnancy in hindi
Answer: an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high-risk or low-risk for chromosomal abnormalities (and neural tube defects)