Octane - wikipedia Octane For the gasoline rating system, see octane rating. For other uses, see Octane ( disambiguation ). Octane Names IUPAC name Octane Identifiers CAS Number 111 - 65 - 9 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image 3DMet B00281 Beilstein Reference 1696875 ChEBI CHEBI : 17590 ChemSpider 349 DrugBank DB02440 ECHA InfoCard 100.003. 539 EC Number 203 - 892 - 1 Gmelin Reference 82412 KEGG C01387 MeSH octane PubChem CID 356 RTECS number RG8400000 UN number 1262 InChI InChI = 1S / C8H18 / c1 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 8 - 6 - 4 - 2 / h3 - 8H2, 1 - 2H3 Key : TVMXDCGIABBOFY - UHFFFAOYSA - N SMILES CCCCCCCC Properties Chemical formula Molar mass 114.23 g mol Appearance Colorless liquid Odor Gasoline - like Density 0.703 g cm Melting point − 57.1 to − 56.6 ° C ; − 70.9 to − 69.8 ° F ; 216.0 to 216.6 K Boiling point 125.1 to 126.1 ° C ; 257.1 to 258.9 ° F ; 398.2 to 399.2 K Solubility in water 0.007 mg dm ( at 20 ° C ) log P 4.783 Vapor pressure 1.47 kPa ( at 20.0 ° C ) Henry 's law constant ( k ) 29 nmol Pa kg Magnetic susceptibility ( χ ) - 96.63 10 cm / mol Refractive index ( n ) 1.398 Viscosity 542 μPa s ( at 20 ° C ) Thermochemistry Specific heat capacity ( C ) 255.68 JK mol Std molar entropy ( S ) 361.20 JK mol Std enthalpy of formation ( Δ H ) − 252.1 -- − 248.5 kJ mol Std enthalpy of combustion ( Δ H ) − 5.53 -- − 5.33 MJ mol Hazards GHS pictograms GHS signal word DANGER GHS hazard statements H225, H304, H315, H336, H410 GHS precautionary statements P210, P261, P273, P301 + 310, P331 NFPA 704 0 Flash point 13.0 ° C ( 55.4 ° F ; 286.1 K ) Autoignition temperature 220.0 ° C ( 428.0 ° F ; 493.1 K ) Explosive limits 0.96 -- 6.5 % Lethal dose or concentration ( LD, LC ) : LD ( lowest published ) 428 mg / kg ( mouse, intravenous ) US health exposure limits ( NIOSH ) : PEL ( Permissible ) TWA 500 ppm ( 2350 mg / m ) REL ( Recommended ) TWA 75 ppm ( 350 mg / m ) C 385 ppm ( 1800 mg / m ) ( 15 - minute ) IDLH ( Immediate danger ) 1000 ppm Related compounds Related alkanes Heptane Nonane Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ), 100 kPa ). N verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C H, and the condensed structural formula CH ( CH ) CH. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2, 2, 4 - trimethylpentane ( isooctane ) is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale. Octane is a component of gasoline ( petrol ). As with all low - molecular - weight hydrocarbons, octane is volatile and very flammable. Contents 1 Use of the term in gasoline 2 Metaphorical use 3 Isomers 4 References 5 External links Use of the term in gasoline `` Octane '' is colloquially used as a short form of `` octane rating '' ( an index of a fuel 's ability to resist engine knock at high compression, which is a characteristic of octane 's branched - chain isomers, especially iso - octane ), particularly in the expression `` high octane. '' The octane rating was originally determined by mixing a gasoline made entirely of heptane and 2, 2, 4 - trimethylpentane ( a highly branched octane ), and assigning anti-knock ratings of 0 for pure heptane and 100 for pure 2, 2, 4 - trimethylpentane. The anti-knock rating of this mixture would be the same as the percentage of 2, 2, 4 - trimethylpentane in the mix. Modern octane ratings of gasoline are given octane ratings equal to those from this original heptane / octane scale. Different isomers of octane can contribute to a higher or lower octane rating. For example, n - octane ( the straight chain of 8 carbon atoms with no branching ) has a - 10 ( negative ) octane rating, while pure 2, 2, 4 - trimethylpentane ( a highly branched octane ) has an octane rating of 100. Some fuels have an octane rating higher than 100, notably those containing methanol or ethanol. Metaphorical use Octane became well known in American popular culture in the mid - and late 1960s, when gasoline companies boasted of `` high octane '' levels in their gasoline advertisements. The compound adjective `` high - octane '', meaning powerful or dynamic, is recorded in a figurative sense from 1944. By the mid-1990s, the phrase was commonly being used as an intensifier and has found a place in modern English vernacular. Isomers Octane has 18 structural isomers ( 24 including stereoisomers ) : Octane ( n - octane ) 2 - Methylheptane 3 - Methylheptane ( 2 enantiomers ) 4 - Methylheptane 3 - Ethylhexane 2, 2 - Dimethylhexane 2, 3 - Dimethylhexane ( 2 enantiomers ) 2, 4 - Dimethylhexane ( 2 enantiomers ) 2, 5 - Dimethylhexane 3, 3 - Dimethylhexane 3, 4 - Dimethylhexane ( 2 enantiomers + 1 meso compound ) 3 - Ethyl - 2 - methylpentane 3 - Ethyl - 3 - methylpentane 2, 2, 3 - Trimethylpentane ( 2 enantiomers ) 2, 2, 4 - Trimethylpentane ( isooctane ) 2, 3, 3 - Trimethylpentane 2, 3, 4 - Trimethylpentane 2, 2, 3, 3 - Tetramethylbutane References Jump up ^ `` octane - Compound Summary ''. PubChem Compound. USA : National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 6 January 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards # 0470 ''. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH ). Jump up ^ `` Octane ''. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH ). Jump up ^ eejit 's guides -- Octane ratings explained Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary. External links International Chemical Safety Card 0933 `` NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards # 0470 ''. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH ). Dr. Duke 's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, Octane, http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/chemical.pl?OCTANE Alkanes Methane ( CH 4 ) Ethane ( C 6 ) Propane ( C 8 ) Butane ( C 10 ) Pentane ( C 5H 12 ) Hexane ( C 6H 14 ) Heptane ( C 7H 16 ) Octane ( C 8H 18 ) Nonane ( C 9H 20 ) Decane ( C 10 H 22 ) Undecane ( C 11 H 24 ) Dodecane ( C 12 H 26 ) Tridecane ( C 13 H 28 ) Tetradecane ( C 14 H 30 ) Pentadecane ( C 15 H 32 ) Hexadecane / Cetane ( C 16 H 34 ) Heptadecane ( C 17 H 36 ) Octadecane ( C 18 H 38 ) Nonadecane ( C 19 H 40 ) Icosane ( C 20 H 42 ) Higher alkanes List of alkanes Binary compounds of hydrogen Alkali metal hydrides LiH NaH KH RbH CsH Lithium hydride, LiH ionic metal hydride Beryllium hydride Left ( gas phase ) : BeH covalent metal hydride Right : ( BeH ) ( solid phase ) polymeric metal hydride Borane and diborane Left : BH ( special conditions ), covalent metalloid hydride Right : B H ( standard conditions ), dimeric metalloid hydride Methane, CH covalent nonmetal hydride Ammonia, NH covalent nonmetal hydride Water, H O covalent nonmetal hydride Hydrogen fluoride, HF covalent nonmetal hydride Alkaline earth hydrides Monohydrides BeH MgH CaH SrH BaH BeH MgH CaH SrH BaH Group 13 hydrides Boranes BH Alanes AlH Al H Gallanes GaH Ga H Indiganes InH In H Thallanes TlH Tl H Group 14 hydrides Linear alkanes CH more... Linear alkenes more... Linear alkynes more... Silanes SiH Si H Si H Si H Si H Si H Si H Si H Si H Si H more... Silenes Si H Silynes Si H Germanes GeH Ge H Ge H Ge H Ge H Stannanes SnH Sn H Plumbanes PbH CH CH CH Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Annulenes Many more Pnictogen hydrides Azanes NH more... Azenes Phosphanes PH more... Phosphenes Arsanes AsH As H Stibanes SbH Bismuthanes BiH HN NH radical Hydrogen chalcogenides Polyoxidanes H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O more... Polysulfanes more... Selanes H Se H Se Tellanes H Te H Te Polanes PoH HO HO HO H O -- O H S = S ( HS ) S+ -- S -- HS HDO D O T O Hydrogen halides HF HCl HBr HI HAt Transition metal hydrides ScH YH YH TiH ZrH HfH VH VH NbH NbH TaH CrH CrH CrH NiH PdH ( x < 1 ) FeH FeH FeH CuH ZnH CdH HgH Lanthanide hydrides LaH LaH CeH CeH PrH PrH NdH NdH SmH SmH EuH GdH GdH TbH TbH DyH DyH HoH HoH ErH ErH TmH TmH YbH YbH LuH LuH Actinide hydrides AcH ThH Th H PaH UH NpH NpH PuH PuH AmH AmH CmH Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Octane&oldid=806546456 '' Categories : Alkanes Hydrocarbons Hidden categories : Articles without InChI source Articles without UNII source Articles with changed EBI identifier Articles with changed DrugBank identifier ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Chembox having GHS data Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Chembox image size set Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Kurdî Кыргызча Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 22 October 2017, at 18 : 48. 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Question: what type of bonds are found in a molecule of octane
Answer: hydrocarbon