Haleakalā - wikipedia Haleakalā Haleakalā East Maui Volcano Haleakalā crater Highest point Elevation 10,023 ft ( 3,055 m ) Prominence 10,023 ft ( 3,055 m ) Isolation 123 kilometres ( 76 mi ) Listing Highest ocean islands 18th World most prominent peak 85th US most prominent peaks 10th Coordinates 20 ° 42 ′ 35 '' N 156 ° 15 ′ 12 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 20.70972 ° N 156.25333 ° W ﻿ / 20.70972 ; - 156.25333 Coordinates : 20 ° 42 ′ 35 '' N 156 ° 15 ′ 12 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 20.70972 ° N 156.25333 ° W ﻿ / 20.70972 ; - 156.25333 Geography Haleakalā Hawaii Location Maui, Hawaii, U.S. Parent range Hawaiian Islands Topo map USGS Kilohana ( HI ) Geology Age of rock < 1.0 Ma, Pleistocene epoch Mountain type Shield volcano Volcanic arc / belt Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain Last eruption between 1480 and 1600 Climbing Easiest route paved highway Sunrise at Haleakalā Haleakalā ( / ˌhɑːliːˌɑːkəˈlɑː / ; Hawaiian : ( ˈhɐlɛˈjɐkəˈlaː ) ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75 % of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25 % of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains. The tallest peak of Haleakalā ( `` house of the sun '' ), at 10,023 feet ( 3,055 m ), is Pu ʻu ʻUlaʻula ( Red Hill ). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 km ( 7 mi ) across, 3.2 km ( 2 mi ) wide, and nearly 800 m ( 2,600 ft ) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren - looking with a scattering of volcanic cones. Contents 1 History 2 Geology 2.1 Volcanic hazard 3 Modern uses 3.1 National Park 3.2 Astrophysical research 3.3 Transportation 4 Climate 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links History Early Hawaiians applied the name Haleakalā ( `` house of the sun '' ) to the general mountain. Haleakalā is also the name of a peak on the southwestern edge of Kaupō Gap. In Hawaiian folklore, the depression ( crater ) at the summit of Haleakalā was home to the grandmother of the demigod Māui. According to the legend, Māui 's grandmother helped him capture the sun and force it to slow its journey across the sky in order to lengthen the day. Geology According to the United States Geological Survey USGS Volcano Warning Scheme for the United States, the Volcano Alert Level for Haleakala as of August 2015 was `` normal ''. A Normal status is used to designate typical volcanic activity in a non-eruptive phase. Haleakala has produced numerous eruptions in the last 30,000 years, including in the last 500 years. This volcanic activity has been along two rift zones : the southwest and east. These two rift zones together form an arc that extends from La Perouse Bay on the southwest, through the Haleakalā Crater, and to Hāna to the east. The east rift zone continues under the ocean beyond the east coast of Maui as Haleakalā Ridge, making the combined rift zones one of the longest in the Hawaiian Islands chain. Until recently, East Maui Volcano was thought to have last erupted around 1790, based largely on comparisons of maps made during the voyages of La Perouse and George Vancouver. Recent advanced dating tests, however, have shown that the last eruption was more likely to have been in the 17th century. These last flows from the southwest rift zone of Haleakalā make up the large lava deposits of the Ahihi Kina ` u / La Perouse Bay area of South Maui. Contrary to popular belief, Haleakalā `` crater '' is not volcanic in origin, nor can it accurately be called a caldera ( which is formed when the summit of a volcano collapses to form a depression ). Scientists believe that Haleakalā 's `` crater '' was formed when the headwalls of two large erosional valleys merged at the summit of the volcano. These valleys formed the two large gaps -- Ko ʻolau on the north side and Kaupō on the south -- on either side of the depression. Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson state it this way : Haleakalā is far smaller than many volcanic craters ( calderas ) ; there is an excellent chance that it is not extinct, but only dormant ; and strictly speaking it is not of volcanic origin, beyond the fact that it exists in a volcanic mountain. Haleakala as seen looking northwest from Big Island, Hawaii, near Kawaihae, 85 kilometers ( 53 mi ) away Volcanic Hazard Lava Flow Hazard map of Haleakala. The Maui Hazard Zone numbers are two less than the equivalent Hawai ʻi Hazard Zone numbers. On the island of Hawai ʻi, lava - flow hazards are rated on a scale of one through nine with one being the zone of highest hazard and nine being the zone of lowest hazard. For example, the summits and rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes are rated Hazard Zone 1. Using this same scale, preliminary estimates of lava - flow hazard zones on Maui made in 1983 by the U.S. Geological Survey rated the summit and southwest rift zone of Haleakala as Hazard Zone 3. The steep, downslope areas of the Kanaio and Kahikinui ahupua ʻa and the area north of Hana are rated as Hazard Zone 4. Other areas of Haleakala are rated comparable to the lava - flow hazards of Mauna Kea and Kohala ( Hazard Zones 7 through 9 ). These high hazard estimates for Haleakala are based on the frequency of its eruptions. Haleakala has erupted three times in approximately the last 900 years. By way of comparison, both Mauna Loa and Kilauea have erupted more than a dozen times each in the last 90 years. Hualalai has an eruption rate comparable to Haleakala. All of Hualalai is rated as Hazard Zone 4. However, the frequency of eruption of a volcano is only one of the criteria on which hazards are based. The other important criterion is the lava flow coverage rate. Using the preliminary dates for Haleakala flows, only 8.7 square miles ( 23 km ) of lava flows have been emplaced in the last 900 years. In comparison, approximately 43 square miles ( 110 km ) of Hualalai are covered with flows 900 years old or younger and approximately 104 square miles ( 270 km ) on Kilauea and 85 square miles ( 220 km ) on Mauna Loa are covered by lavas less than 200 years old. Thus, Haleakala is a distant fourth in coverage rates. Modern uses National Park This rare species of Silversword is fragile and lives only upon the slopes of Haleakalā. Surrounding and including the crater is Haleakalā National Park, a 30,183 - acre ( 122.15 km ) park, of which 24,719 acres ( 100.03 km ) are wilderness. The park includes the summit depression, Kipahulu Valley on the southeast, and ʻOheʻo Gulch ( and pools ), extending to the shoreline in the Kipahulu area. From the summit, there are two main trails leading into Haleakalā : Sliding Sands Trail and Halemau ʻu Trail. The temperature near the summit tends to vary between about 40 ° F ( 5 ° C ) and 60 ° F ( 16 ° C ) and, especially given the thin air and the possibility of dehydration at that elevation, the walking trails can be more challenging than one might expect. This is aggravated by the fact that trails lead downhill from parking areas into the crater. Because of this, hikers are faced with a difficult return ascent after potentially descending 2000ft or more to the crater floor. Despite this, Haleakalā is popular with tourists and locals alike, who often venture to its summit, or to the visitor center just below the summit, to view the sunrise. There is lodging in the form of a few simple cabins, though no food or gas is available in the park. Astrophysical research Main article : Haleakala Observatory The Space Surveillance Systems Because of the remarkable clarity, dryness, and stillness of the air, and its elevation ( with atmospheric pressure of 71 kPa / 533 mm Hg ), as well as the absence of the lights of major cities, the summit of Haleakalā is one of the most sought - after locations in the world for ground - based telescopes ( though to a lesser extent than Mauna Kea on neighboring Hawaii ). As a result of the geographic importance of this observational platform, experts come from all over the world to take part in research at `` Science City '', an astrophysical complex operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, University of Hawaii, Smithsonian Institution, Air Force, Federal Aviation Administration, and others. Some of the telescopes operated by the US Department of Defense are involved in researching man - made ( e.g. spacecraft, monitoring satellites, rockets, and laser technology ) rather than celestial objects. The program is in collaboration with defense contractors in the Maui Research and Technology Park in Kihei. The astronomers on Haleakalā are concerned about increasing light pollution as Maui 's population grows. Nevertheless, new telescopes are added, such as the Pan-STARRS in 2006. Transportation Map A well traveled Haleakalā Highway, completed in 1935, is a road mainly composed of switchbacks that leads to the peak of Haleakala. The road is open to the public ( although parts of it are restricted ) and is a well - maintained two - lane highway containing many blind turns and very steep dropoffs. Local animals, including cattle, are often encountered in the roadway. The Park Service charges a vehicle entrance fee of $25 ( US ). Public transportation does not go through the park, but tour buses visit the summit regularly. There are four Sunset and Stargazing tours to choose from as well. Arrive for sunset and stay to look through a telescope after dark. Cycling and horseback riding are other popular ways to explore the park. There are a few tour guides on Maui that pick people up at their hotels, and outfit them with a bicycle to glide down the road from just outside the National Park boundary ( starting at 6500 ft altitude ). Tour operators used to run bike rides down the entire 27 miles from the summit, but in 2007 the National Park Service suspended all commercial bicycle activity within the park boundaries, following multiple fatal accidents. Some tour operators now offer a modified version of the service which descends 6,500 feet from outside of the National Park. Climate The climate of Haleakalā 's summit is an extremely rare instance of a cold - summer Mediterranean climate in the tropics. Climate data for Haleakala Ranger Station 6962ft / 2122m asl. ( 1981 -- 2010 normals ) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high ° F ( ° C ) 60.6 ( 15.9 ) 59.6 ( 15.3 ) 59.9 ( 15.5 ) 60.4 ( 15.8 ) 62.7 ( 17.1 ) 65.3 ( 18.5 ) 65.6 ( 18.7 ) 66.2 ( 19 ) 64.5 ( 18.1 ) 64.0 ( 17.8 ) 63.3 ( 17.4 ) 61.3 ( 16.3 ) 62.8 ( 17.1 ) Average low ° F ( ° C ) 43.4 ( 6.3 ) 42.3 ( 5.7 ) 42.9 ( 6.1 ) 43.2 ( 6.2 ) 45.1 ( 7.3 ) 47.5 ( 8.6 ) 48.5 ( 9.2 ) 48.8 ( 9.3 ) 47.4 ( 8.6 ) 47.2 ( 8.4 ) 47.0 ( 8.3 ) 44.4 ( 6.9 ) 45.6 ( 7.6 ) Average rainfall inches ( mm ) 5.99 ( 152.1 ) 5.49 ( 139.4 ) 7.65 ( 194.3 ) 4.17 ( 105.9 ) 2.16 ( 54.9 ) 1.38 ( 35.1 ) 2.59 ( 65.8 ) 2.10 ( 53.3 ) 2.38 ( 60.5 ) 3.10 ( 78.7 ) 5.29 ( 134.4 ) 7.45 ( 189.2 ) 49.75 ( 1,263.6 ) Source : NOAA Climate data for Haleakala Summit 338 ( 1971 -- 2000 normals ) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high ° F ( ° C ) 45.2 ( 7.3 ) 49.9 ( 9.9 ) 50.9 ( 10.5 ) 52.2 ( 11.2 ) 54.7 ( 12.6 ) 58.3 ( 14.6 ) 57.7 ( 14.3 ) 58.5 ( 14.7 ) 57.6 ( 14.2 ) 56.8 ( 13.8 ) 50.5 ( 10.3 ) 42.8 ( 6 ) 53.1 ( 11.7 ) Average low ° F ( ° C ) 33.6 ( 0.9 ) 36.1 ( 2.3 ) 36.5 ( 2.5 ) 37.4 ( 3 ) 39.1 ( 3.9 ) 42.1 ( 5.6 ) 41.8 ( 5.4 ) 42.3 ( 5.7 ) 42.1 ( 5.6 ) 41.3 ( 5.2 ) 37.6 ( 3.1 ) 31.8 ( − 0.1 ) 38.6 ( 3.7 ) Average rainfall inches ( mm ) 8.0 ( 203 ) 3.57 ( 90.7 ) 3.05 ( 77.5 ) 4.0 ( 102 ) 1.35 ( 34.3 ) 0.37 ( 9.4 ) 0.47 ( 11.9 ) 1.11 ( 28.2 ) 1.59 ( 40.4 ) 1.32 ( 33.5 ) 4.09 ( 103.9 ) 4.67 ( 118.6 ) 33.59 ( 853.2 ) Source : WRCC See also Oceania portal United States portal Hawaii portal Mountains portal Volcanoes portal List of mountain peaks of the United States List of volcanoes of the United States List of mountain peaks of Hawaii List of Ultras of Oceania List of Ultras of the United States Hawaii hotspot Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes Hawaiian -- Emperor seamount chain Haleakalā Wilderness Notes Jump up ^ HVO, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. `` East Maui volcano ( Haleakala ), Hawai ` i ''. usgs.gov. Jump up ^ USGS. `` Current Alerts for U.S. Volcanoes ''. usgs.gov. Jump up ^ In its prime, Haleakala may have reached a height of 12,000 feet before water and wind erosion, and possibly glaciers, began to carve two large river valleys out of the rim. Eventually, these valleys formed gaps that merged at the volcano summit to create a crater - like basin. Jump up ^ `` Youngest lava flows on East Maui probably older than A.D. 1790 ''. United States Geological Survey. September 9, 1999. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 11. Jump up ^ Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson p. 391 ^ Jump up to : `` How do Maui lava - flow hazard zone numbers compare to those on HawaiʻI island ? ''. Lava - Flow Hazard Zones, Island of Hawai'i, Frequently Asked Questions. USGS. ^ Jump up to : This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document : `` Geologic hazards on Maui ''. 1996 - 11 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Park Management ''. Haleakalā National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 26. Jump up ^ Decker, Robert ; Decker, Barbara ( 2001 ). Volcanoes In America 's National Parks. New York : WW Norton & Company Inc. p. 133. ISBN 962 - 217 - 677 - 1. Jump up ^ `` Altitude Calculator ''. Jump up ^ `` Watching and waiting ''. The Economist. 2008 - 12 - 04. Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 06. From the print edition Jump up ^ Robert Lemos ( 2008 - 11 - 24 ). `` Giant Camera Tracks Asteroids ''. Technology Review ( MIT ). Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 06. Jump up ^ Duensing, Dawn E. ( 2009 ). `` Haleakalā Highway ''. Journal of Pacific 1970 is last eruption History. 44 ( 3 ) : 303 -- 324. doi : 10.1080 / 00223340903356864. Jump up ^ `` National Park Service suspends popular Hawaii bike tour ''. Associated Press. 2007 - 10 - 10. Jump up ^ `` Haleakala Bike Company ''. Jump up ^ `` Data Tools : 1981 - 2010 Normals ''. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 16 March 2016. Jump up ^ `` Haleakala Summit 338, Hawaii ( 511008 ) ''. Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved 3 Nov 2016. References `` Official Website ''. Haleakalā National Park. Retrieved March 2010. Check date values in : access - date = ( help ) Macdonald, Gordon A. ; Abbott, Agatin T. ; Peterson, Frank L. ( 1983 ). Volcanoes in the Sea. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press. 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Question: when was the last time volcano erupted in hawaii
Answer: 17th century