Ottoman Tripolitania - wikipedia Ottoman Tripolitania ایالت طرابلس غرب ‎ Eyālet - i Trâblus Gârb ( 1551 -- 1864 ) ولايت طرابلس غرب ‎ Vilâyet - i Trâblus Gârb ( 1864 -- 1911 ) Eyalet and Vilayet of Ottoman Empire ← 1551 -- 1911 → Flag Tripolitania Eyalet in 1795 Capital Tripoli History Siege of Tripoli 15 August 1551 Italo - Turkish War 18 October 1911 Today part of Libya The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911, as the Eyalet of Tripolitania ( Ottoman Turkish : ایالت طرابلس غرب ‎ Eyālet - i Trâblus Gârb ) or Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary from 1551 to 1864 and as the Vilayet of Tripolitania ( Ottoman Turkish : ولايت طرابلس غرب ‎ Vilâyet - i Trâblus Gârb ) from 1864 to 1911. It was also known as the Kingdom of Tripoli, even though it was not technically a kingdom, but an Ottoman province ruled by pashas ( governors ). The Karamanli dynasty ruled the province as de facto hereditary monarchs from 1711 to 1835, despite remaining under nominal Ottoman rule. and suzereignity from Constantinople. Besides the core territory of Tripolitania, Barca was also considered part of the kingdom of Tripoli, because it was de facto ruled by the Pasha of Tripoli, also the nominal Ottoman governor - general. A remnant of the centuries of Turkish rule is the presence of a population of Turkish origin, the Kouloughlis. Contents 1 History 1.1 Ottoman conquest 1.2 Karamanli dynasty and the Barbary Wars 1.3 Reassertion of Ottoman authority 1.4 Italo - Turkish War 2 Administrative divisions 3 See also 4 References 5 External links History Part of a series on the History of Libya Prehistory Libyco - Berber era pre-146 BC Roman era to 640 AD Islamic rule 640 -- 1510 Spanish rule 1510 -- 1530 Order of Saint John 1530 -- 1551 Ottoman rule 1551 -- 1911 Italian occupation 1911 -- 1934 Italian Libya 1934 -- 1943 Allied occupation 1943 -- 1951 Kingdom of Libya 1951 -- 1969 Libyan Arab Republic 1969 -- 1977 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1977 -- 2011 First Civil War 2011 National Transitional Council 2011 -- 2012 General National Congress 2012 -- 2014 House of Representatives 2014 -- present Second Civil War 2014 -- present Government of National Accord 2016 -- present Libya portal Tripolitania Vilayet in 1900 Ottoman conquest By the beginning of the 16th century the Libyan coast had minimal central authority and its harbours were havens for unchecked bands of pirates. The Kingdom of Spain occupied Tripoli in 1510, but the Spaniards were more concerned with controlling the port than with the inconveniences of administering a colony. In 1530 the city, along with Malta and Gozo, were ceded by Charles I of Spain to the Knights of St John as compensation for their recent expulsion from the island of Rhodes at the hands of the Ottoman Turks. Christian rule lasted then until 1551, when Tripoli was besieged and conquered by famed Ottoman admirals Sinan Pasha and Turgut Reis. Declared as Bey and later Pasha of Tripoli, Turgut Reis submitted the tribes of the interior and several cities like Misrata, Zuwara, Gharyan, and Gafsa in the next decade. These efforts contributed to cement the foundations of a statal structure in what is today Libya, but control from Constantinople remained loose at best, much like in the rest of the Barbary Coast of North Africa. Under the Ottomans, the Maghreb was divided into three provinces, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. After 1565, administrative authority in Tripoli was vested in a pasha directly appointed by the Sultan in Constantinople. The sultan provided the pasha with a corps of janissaries, which was in turn divided into a number of companies under the command of a junior officer or bey. The janissaries quickly became the dominant force in Ottoman Libya. As a self - governing military guild answerable only to their own laws and protected by a divan ( a council of senior officers who advised the pasha ), the janissaries soon reduced the pasha to a largely ceremonial role. Karamanli dynasty and the Barbary wars The `` Kingdom of Tripoli '' ( Royaume de Tripoly ) is shown as including much of modern - day Libya, with the exception of Berdoa, on a map by Guillaume Delisle ( 1707 ). In 1711, Ahmed Karamanli, an Ottoman cavalry officer and son of a Turkish officer and Libyan woman, seized power and founded the Karamanli dynasty, which would last 124 years. The 1793 -- 95 Tripolitanian civil war occurred in those years. In May 1801 Pasha Yusuf Karamanli demanded from the United States an increase in the tribute ( $83,000 ) which it had paid since 1796 for the protection of their commerce from piracy when the Treaty of Tripoli was signed. The demand was refused by third American President Thomas Jefferson, an American naval force was sent and blockaded Tripoli, and the desultory First Barbary War dragged on from 1801 until 3 June 1805. The Regency of Tripoli was defeated by the newly revived United States Navy. The Second Barbary War ( 1815, also known as the Algerian War ) was the second of the two wars fought between the United States and the Ottoman Empire 's North African regencies of Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, known collectively as the Barbary States. Reassertion of Ottoman authority In 1835 the government of Sultan Mahmud II took advantage of local disturbances to reassert their direct authority and held it until the final collapse of the Ottoman Empire. As decentralized Ottoman power had resulted in the virtual independence of Egypt as well as Tripoli, the coast and desert lying between them relapsed to anarchy, even after direct Ottoman control was resumed in Tripoli. The indigenous Senussi Movement, led by Islamic cleric Sayyid Mohammed Ali as - Senussi, called on the countryside to resist Ottoman rule. The Grand Senussi established his headquarters in the oasis town of Jaghbub while his ikhwan ( brothers ) set up zawiyas ( religious colleges or monasteries ) across North Africa and brought some stability to regions not known for their submission to central authority. In line with the expressed instruction of the Grand Sanusi, these gains were made largely without any coercion. It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Tripolitania Vilayet. The highpoint of the Sanusi influence came in the 1880s under the Grand Senussi 's son, Muhammad al - Mahdi as - Senussi, who was a skilled administrator and a charismatic orator. With 146 lodges spanning the entire Sahara, he moved the Senussi capital to Kufra. Harsh Ottoman rule only fuelled the appeal of the Senussi Movement 's call to repel foreign occupation. Remarkably, Mohammed al - Mahdi succeeded where so many had failed before him, securing the enduring loyalty of the Amazigh tribes of Cyrenaica. Over a 75 ‐ year period the Ottoman Turks provided 33 governors and Libya remained part of the empire -- although at times virtually autonomous -- until Italy invaded for the second time in 1911, as the Ottoman Empire was collapsing. Italo - Turkish War Main article : Italo - Turkish War The Italo - Turkish War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy from September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912. As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. Administrative divisions Sanjaks of the Eyalet in the mid ‐ 19th century : Sanjak of Benghazi ; became an independent sanjak in 1863, then became a province for a brief period, but was made an independent sanjak once again in 1888. Sanjak of Tarablusi Garb Sanjak of Khoms Sanjak of Djebel Sanjak of Gharbi Sanjak of Fezzan Sanjaks of the Vilayet : Sanjak of Trablus Garb Sanjak of Khoms Sanjak of Celebi - i - Garbi Sanjak of Fizan Sanjak of Benghazi See also Pasha of Tripoli Treaty of Tripoli Turgut Reis References Jump up ^ Thomas Salmon, Modern history or the present state of all nations, vol. 3, 1746, p. 84. Archibald Bower et al., An universal history : from the earliest accounts to the present time, 1760, vol. 18, p. 479. Jump up ^ Almanach de Gotha : annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique. J. Perthes. 1867. pp. 827 -- 829. Retrieved 2013 - 06 - 01. Jump up ^ The three eras of Ottoman history, a political essay on the late reforms of..., p. 75, at Google Books By James Henry Skene Jump up ^ Emine Evered ( 2012 - 06 - 15 ). Empire and Education Under the Ottomans : Politics, Reform and Resistance from the Tanzimat to the Young Turks. I.B. Tauris. p. 177. ISBN 978 - 1 - 78076 - 109 - 1. Retrieved 2013 - 05 - 17. Jump up ^ Trablus - Garb Vilayeti Tarih ve Medeniyet External links Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( 1911 ). `` Tripoli, North Africa ( Vilayet ) ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire c. 1365 -- 1867 ( eyalets ) Africa Algiers Egypt Muhammad Ali dynasty ( 1805 - 67 Habesh Tripolitania Tunis Anatolia Adana Aidin Anatolia Ankara Childir Diyarbekir Dulkadir Erzurum Hüdavendigâr Karaman Kars Kastamonu Rum Trebizond Van Europe Adrianople Archipelago Bosnia Budin Crete Egir Herzegovina Kanije Kefe Morea Niš Podolia Rumelia Salonica Silistra Temeşvar Uyvar Varat Widdin Yanina Middle East Aleppo Baghdad Basra Cyprus Damascus Lahsa Mosul Rakka Shahrizor Sidon Tripoli Yemen 1867 -- 1922 ( vilayets and mutasarrıfates ) Africa Tripolitania Anatolia Adana Aidin Ankara Archipelago Bitlis Diyarbekir Erzurum Hüdavendigâr Kastamonu Konya Mamuret - ul - Aziz Sivas Trebizond Van Europe Adrianople Bosnia Constantinople Crete Danube Janina Kosovo Manastir Salonica Scutari Middle East Aleppo Baghdad Basra Beirut Hejaz Jerusalem Mosul Mount Lebanon Syria Yemen Vassals and autonomies Vassals Cossack Hetmanate Ottoman Ukraine Crimean Khanate Khanate of Kazan Principality of Moldavia Sharifate of Mecca Republic of Ragusa Serbian Despotate Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1672 -- 1676 ) Duchy of Syrmia Principality of Transylvania Principality of Wallachia Principality of Romania Principality of Serbia Principality of Bulgaria Kingdom of Imereti Septinsular Republic Autonomies Cretan State Khedivate of Egypt Eastern Rumelia Principality of Samos See also the list of short - lived Ottoman provinces History of modern states under the Ottoman Empire Africa Algeria Egypt Egypt Eyalet Khedivate of Egypt Tripolitania Tunisia Asia Arabia Cyprus Iraq Israel Lebanon Syria Southern Syria Europe Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Greece Hungary Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Ukraine Barbary Corsairs Territories Regency of Algiers Annaba Barbary coast Bizerte Cherchell Mahdiya Oran Rabat Republic of Salé Tetouan Regency of Tripoli Regency of Tunis Commanders ( Reis ) 16th century Aruj Hayreddin Barbarossa Sayyida al Hurra Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis Occhiali Salah Rais Murat Reis the Elder Kemal Reis Aydın Reis Muhammad I Pasha Hasan Corso Muhammad Kurdogli Hasan Agha Hasan Pasha Arnaut Mami Hassan Veneziano Sinan Reis Dragut 17th century Jan Janszoon Salé Rovers Anglo - Turkish piracy Sulayman Reis Ahmed el Inglizi Omar Agha Ali Bitchin Simon Reis Yusuf Reis 18th century Ahmed Karamanli Yusuf Karamanli 19th century Ali Khodja Hussein Dey Omar Agha Mohamed Kharnadji Haji Ali Baba Mohammed ben - Osman Diplomacy Franco - Ottoman alliance US Treaty with Tripoli ( 1796 ) US Treaty with Tunis ( 1797 ) US Treaty with Tripoli ( 1805 ) US Treaty with Algiers ( 1815 ) US Treaty with Tunis ( 1824 ) US Treaty with Morocco ( 1836 ) Battles and conflicts 16th century Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands ( 1501 ) Capture of Algiers ( 1516 ) Fall of Tlemcen ( 1518 ) Battle of Pianosa ( 1519 ) Siege of Rhodes ( 1522 ) Battle of Formentera ( 1529 ) Capture of Peñón of Algiers ( 1529 ) Conquest of Tunis ( 1534 ) Conquest of Tunis ( 1535 ) Sack of Mahón ( 1535 ) Siege of Corfu ( 1537 ) Battle of Preveza ( 1538 ) Siege of Castelnuovo ( 1539 ) Battle of Alboran ( 1540 ) Siege of Nice ( 1543 ) Ottoman wintering in Toulon ( 1543 - 1544 ) Capture of Mahdiye ( 1550 ) Invasion of Gozo ( 1551 ) Siege of Tripoli ( 1551 ) Battle of Ponza ( 1552 ) Invasion of Corsica ( 1553 ) Capture of Bougie ( 1555 ) Siege of Oran ( 1556 ) Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands ( 1558 ) Battle of Wadi al - Laban ( 1558 ) Expedition to Mostaganem ( 1558 ) Battle of Djerba ( 1560 ) Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir ( 1563 ) Great Siege of Malta ( 1565 ) Rebellion of the Alpujarras ( 1568 -- 71 ) ( 1568 -- 71 ) Battle of Lepanto ( 1571 ) Conquest of Tunis ( 1574 ) Capture of Fez ( 1576 ) Battle of Alcácer Quibir ( 1578 ) 17th century Expulsion of the Moriscos ( 1609 ) Raid of Żejtun ( 1614 ) Battle of Cape Corvo ( 1615 ) Turkish Abductions ( 1627 ) Sack of Baltimore ( 1631 ) Cretan War ( 1645 -- 1669 ) Action of March 1665 Morean War ( 1684 - 1699 ) Sieges of Ceuta ( 1694 -- 1727 ) Battle of the Oinousses Islands ( 1695 ) 18th century Spanish conquest of Oran ( 1732 ) Action of 28 November 1751 Danish - Algerian War ( 1769 - 1772 ) Siege of Melilla ( 1774 ) Invasion of Algiers ( 1775 ) Bombardment of Algiers ( 1783 ) Bombardment of Algiers ( 1784 ) Action of 16 May 1797 First Barbary War ( 1801 -- 1805 ) Second Barbary War ( 1815 -- 1816 ) 19th century Bombardment of Algiers ( 1816 ) Invasion of Algiers ( 1830 ) Slavery Trinitarian Order Lazarists Redemptorists Barbary slave trade Bagnio Libya articles History Ancient Roman Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica Spanish Order of Saint John Ottoman Italian colony Italian Libya Allied occupation Kingdom Libya under Gaddafi State of Libya Libyan Civil Wars 2011 2014 -- present Geography Cities Climate Districts Municipalities Ecoregions Libyan Desert Subdivisions Wildlife Politics Constitution Elections Foreign relations Presidential Council Government of National Accord House of Representatives High Council of State Head of government Head of state Human rights LGBT International rankings Military Economy Agriculture Central Bank Communications Companies Dinar ( currency ) Energy Great Man - Made River National Oil Corporation Oil reserves Transport Culture Demographics Education Health Libyan Arabic Literature Media Music Public holidays Religion Christianity Islam Sport Tourism Women Outline Index Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Tripolitania&oldid=833446080 '' Categories : States and territories established in the 1550s States and territories disestablished in 1911 Ottoman period in Tripolitania 1551 establishments in the Ottoman Empire Hidden categories : Articles containing Ottoman Turkish - language text Pages using infobox former subdivision with unknown parameters Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica without Wikisource reference Unclassified articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Ελληνικά فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Македонски Nederlands Português Русский Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 9 more Edit links This page was last edited on 31 March 2018, at 16 : 10. 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Question: which european state seized libya from the ottoman empire in 1911
Answer: Italy