List of symbiotic relationships - wikipedia List of symbiotic relationships Symbiosis can vary between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, though these grade into each other,. In mutualism, both organisms benefit. In commensalism, one benefits and the other is unaffected ; in parasitism, one benefits and the other is harmed. Some of these relationships are so close that we speak of the composite of two species as one unit ; for example, we speak of the composite of algae and fungi as lichens. Contents 1 Mutualism 2 Commensalism 3 Parasitism 4 Cleaning symbiosis 5 Endosymbiosis 5.1 Autotrophic endosymbioses 5.2 Digestive endosymbioses 6 See also 7 References Mutualism Main article : mutualism ( biology ) A type of symbiotic interaction in which both organisms benefit. Commensalism Main article : commensalism An interaction in which one organism benefits in the relationship without causing benefit or harm to the other organism. Parasitism Main article : parasitism A type of symbiotic interaction in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Cleaning symbiosis Cleaner wrasse Labroides cleaning ectoparasites from a sweetlips Main article : cleaning symbiosis Many species are involved in cleaning symbiosis, though claimed symbioses grade into commensalism, scavenging and parasitism. A clearly symbiotic example is the cleaner wrasse Labroides, a small fish conspicuously shaped and marked, being longitudinally striped with blue. It eats only ectoparasites at `` cleaning stations '' from the bodies of larger fish such as puffers, sweetlips and groupers. Endosymbiosis Main article : endosymbiosis Symbiosis by luci Endosymbiont Role of endosymbiont Role of host Euprymna scolopes ( Mollusca ) Vibrio fischeri Counter-illumination via bioluminescence Reproduction Legumes Rhizobia Fixed nitrogen Photosynthesis ( principally as the dicarboxylic acids malate and succinate ) Actinorhizal plants Frankia bacteria Fixed nitrogen Photosynthesis ( principally as the dicarboxylic acids malate and succinate ) Anglerfish Bioluminescent bacteria Bioluminescent lure for prey capture Protection Vascular plants mycorrhizae Sequestering of phosphate ions from soil, disease protection Photosynthates Parasitoid wasps Polydnavirus Immune suppression of parasite host Propagation of the virus Poaceae Endophytic fungi Disease prevention, Drought tolerance Photosynthates Autotrophic endosymbioses Host Endosymbiont Role of endosymbiont Role of host Coral ( Cnidaria ), other invertebrates Zoochlorellae ( green algae ), zooxanthellae ( `` non-green '' algae, typically dinoflagellates, cryptomonads, chrysomonads or diatoms ) Photosynthates Protection, inorganic nutrients Foraminifera, ciliates ( protists ) Variety of algae Photosynthates Locomotion, protection, inorganic nutrients Sponges ( Porifera ) Variety of algae ( Often green - algae ) Photosynthates Protection, inorganic nutrients Hydra viridis ( Cnidaria ) Chlorella Photosynthates Inorganic nutrients Elysia viridis ( Mollusca ) Codium fragile Photosynthates Locomotion, protection, inorganic nutrients Convoluta roscoffensis ( Platyhelminthes, traditionally ) Tetraselmis convolutae Locomotion, protection, inorganic nutrients Pompeii worm, Alvinella pompejana ( Annelida ) Thermophilic chemoautotrophic bacteria Insulation, chemosynthates Locomotion, inorganic nutrients Mole salamanders Oophila Oxygen ( from photosynthesis ) Carbon dioxide ( from respiration ) Riftia pachyptila ( Annelida ) Bacteria Solemya velum ( Mollusca ) Sulfur - oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria Orphium frutescens Xylocopa violacea ( Female Carpenter Bee ) nutrients for larvae Locomotion of Reproduction Digestive endosymbioses Humans and intestinal bacteria Ruminants such as cows and their intestinal bacteria and protists Termites and their intestinal bacteria and protists Aphids and Buchnera bacteria See also Interspecies friendship List of symbiotic organisms References Jump up ^ Helfman, G ; Collette, B. ; Facey, D. ( 1997 ). The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Publishing. p. 380. ISBN 0 - 86542 - 256 - 7. Jump up ^ Fenner, Robert M. ( 2001 ). The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. TFH. pp. 282 -- 283. ISBN 1 - 890087 - 02 - 5. Jump up ^ Young, R.E. ; Roper, C.F. ( 1976 ). `` Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals : evidence from living squid ''. Science. 191 ( 4231 ) : 1046 -- 1048. doi : 10.1126 / science. 1251214. Jump up ^ `` Archived copy ''. Archived from the original on 2006 - 03 - 12. Retrieved 2009 - 06 - 14. Jump up ^ Matthias Habetha et al. The Hydra viridis / Chlorella symbiosis. Jump up ^ Trench, R.K. ; Boyle, J.E. ; Smith, D.C. ( 1973 ). `` The Association between Chloroplasts of Codium fragile and the Mollusc Elysia viridis. I. Characteristics of isolated Codium chloroplasts ''. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 184 ( 1074 ) : 51 -- 61. doi : 10.1098 / rspb. 1973.0030. Jump up ^ Stewart, Frank J. ; Cavanaugh, Colleen M. ( 2006 ). `` Bacterial endosymbioses in Solemya ( Mollusca : Bivalvia ) -- Model systems for studies of symbiont -- host adaptation ''. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 90 : 343 -- 360. doi : 10.1007 / s10482 - 006 - 9086 - 6. Jump up ^ Douglas, AE ( 1998 ). `` Nutritional interactions in insect - microbial symbioses : Aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera ''. Annual Review of Entomology. 43 : 17 -- 38. doi : 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 43.1. 17. ISSN 0066 - 4170. PMID 15012383. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_symbiotic_relationships&oldid=842020149 '' Categories : Biology - related lists Symbiosis Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Edit links This page was last edited on 19 May 2018, at 17 : 43 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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Question: the three main types of symbiotic relationships in nature are and
Answer: mutualism