Mesentery - wikipedia Mesentery Mesentery Horizontal disposition of the peritoneum, in the lower part of the abdomen : The peritoneum and mesentery are marked with red. Vertical disposition of the peritoneum : Main cavity, red ; omental bursa, blue Details Pronunciation / ˈmɛzənˌtɛri / Identifiers Latin Mesenterium MeSH A01. 047.025. 600.451 TA A10. 1.02. 007 FMA 7144 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The mesentery is a continuous set of tissues which is formed by the double fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen. The term mesentery is used for the small intestine and mesenteric organ is sometimes used to refer to the rest of the mesentery that incorporates the mesocolon, mesoappendix, mesosigmoid and mesorectum. It has been proposed for reclassification as an organ due to research at the University of Limerick in the 2010s. Conventional teaching had described the mesocolon as a fragmented structure with all the named parts -- the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, mesoappendix, and mesorectum as separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. In 2012, following detailed microscopic and electron microscopic examinations, the mesocolon was shown to be a single, continuous structure that commenced from the duodenojejunal flexure and extended to the level of the distal mesorectum. This simpler concept has enabled substantial advances to be made in different aspects of surgery on the colon and rectum. It has also had implications for sciences related to surgery, anatomy, and development. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Flexural anatomy 1.2 Mesocolon regions 1.3 Peritoneal folds 1.4 Microanatomy 1.5 Development 2 Clinical significance 2.1 Surgery 2.2 Radiology 3 History 3.1 Etymology 3.2 Lymphangiology 4 See also 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External links Structure The mesentery of the small intestine arises from the root of the mesentery ( or mesenteric root ) and is the part connected with the structures in front of the vertebral column. The root is narrow, about 15 cm long, 20 cm in width, and is directed obliquely from the duodenojejunal flexure at the left side of the second lumbar vertebra to the right sacroiliac articulation. The root of the mesentery extends from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileocaecal junction. This section of the small intestine is located centrally in the abdominal cavity and lies behind the transverse colon and the greater omentum. The mesentery becomes attached to the colon at the gastrointestinal margin and continues as the several mesenteries of the mesocolon, sometimes collectively called the mesenteric organ. The parts of the mesocolon take their names from the part of the colon to which they attach. These are the transverse mesocolon attaching to the transverse colon, the sigmoid mesocolon attaching to the sigmoid colon, the mesoappendix attaching to the appendix, and the mesorectum attaching to the upper third of the rectum. The mesocolon regions were traditionally taught to be separate sections with separate insertions into the posterior abdominal wall. In 2012, the first detailed observational and histological studies of the mesocolon were undertaken and this revealed several new findings. The study included 109 patients undergoing open, elective, total abdominal colectomy. Anatomical observations were recorded during the surgery and on the post-operative specimens. These studies showed that the mesocolon is continuous from the ileocaecal to the rectosigmoid level. It was also shown that a mesenteric confluence occurs at the ileocaecal and rectosigmoid junctions, as well as at the hepatic and splenic flexures and that each confluence involves peritoneal and omental attachments. The proximal rectum was shown to originate at the confluence of the mesorectum and mesosigmoid. A plane occupied by perinephric fascia was shown to separate the entire apposed small intestinal mesentery and the mesocolon from the retroperitoneum. Deep in the pelvis, this fascia coalesces to give rise to presacral fascia. Flexural anatomy Flexural anatomy is frequently described as a difficult area. It is simplified when each flexure is considered as being centered on a mesenteric contiguity. The ileocaecal flexure arises at the point where the ileum is continuous with the caecum around the ileocaecal mesenteric flexure. Similarly, the hepatic flexure is formed between the right mesocolon and transverse mesocolon at the mesenteric confluence. The colonic component of the hepatic flexure is draped around this mesenteric confluence. Furthermore, the splenic flexure is formed by the mesenteric confluence between the transverse and left mesocolon. The colonic component of the splenic flexure occurs lateral to the mesenteric confluence. At every flexure, a continuous peritoneal fold lies outside the colonic / mesocolic complex tethering this to the posterior abdominal wall. Mesocolon regions The transverse mesocolon is that section of the mesocolon attached to the transverse colon that lies between the colic flexures. The sigmoid mesocolon is that region of the mesentery to which the sigmoid colon is attached at the gastrointestinal mesenteric margin. The mesoappendix is the portion of the mesocolon connecting the ileum to the appendix. It may extend to the tip of the appendix. It encloses the appendicular artery and vein, as well as lymphatic vessels, nerves, and often a lymph node. The mesorectum is that part attached to the upper third of the rectum. Peritoneal folds Understanding the macroscopic structure of the mesenteric organ meant that associated structures -- the peritoneal folds and congenital and omental adhesions -- could be better appraised. The small intestinal mesenteric fold occurs where the small intestinal mesentery folds onto the posterior abdominal wall and continues laterally as the right mesocolon. During mobilization of the small intestinal mesentery from the posterior abdominal wall, this fold is incised, allowing access to the interface between the small intestinal mesentery and the retroperitoneum. The fold continues at the inferolateral boundary of the ileocaecal junction and turns cephalad as the right paracolic peritoneal fold. This fold is divided during lateral to medial mobilization, permitting the surgeon to serially lift the right colon and associated mesentery off the underlying fascia and retroperitoneum. At the hepatic flexure, the right lateral peritoneal fold turns and continues medially as the hepatocolic peritoneal fold. Division of the fold in this location permits separation of the colonic component of the hepatic flexure and mesocolon off the retroperitoneum. Interposed between the hepatic and splenic flexures, the greater omentum adheres to the transverse colon along a further band or fold of peritoneum. Dissection through this allows access to the cephalad ( top ) surface of the transverse mesocolon. Focal adhesions frequently tether the greater omentum to the cephalad aspect of the transverse mesocolon. The left colon is associated with a similar anatomic configuration of peritoneal folds ; the splenic peritoneal fold is contiguous with the left lateral paracolic peritoneal fold at the splenic flexure. Division of the latter similarly allows for the separation of the left colon and associated mesentery off the underlying fascia and frees it from the retroperitoneum. The left lateral paracolic peritoneal fold continues distally at the lateral aspect of the mobile component of the mesosigmoid. Microanatomy Determination of the macroscopic structure of the mesenteric organ allowed a recent characterisation of the histological and electron microscopic properties. The microscopic structure of the mesocolon and associated fascia is consistent from ileocecal to mesorectal levels. A surface mesothelium and underlying connective tissue is universally apparent. Adipocytes lobules within the body of the mesocolon are separated by fibrous septae arising from submesothelial connective tissue. Where apposed to the retroperitoneum, two mesothelial layers separate the mesocolon and underlying retroperitoneum. Between these is Toldt 's fascia, a discrete layer of connective tissue. Lymphatic channels are evident in mesocolic connective tissue and in Toldt 's fascia. Development The primitive gut is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the dorsal mesentery. The gastrointestinal tract and associated dorsal mesentery are subdivided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut regions based on the respective blood supply. The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk, the midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ), and the hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery ( IMA ). This division is established by the fourth week of development. After this, the midgut undergoes a period of rapid elongation, forcing it to herniate through the navel. During herniation, the midgut rotates 90 ° anti-clockwise around the axis of the SMA and forms the midgut loop. The cranial portion of the loop moves to the right and the caudal portion of the loop moves toward the left. This rotation occurs at about the eighth week of development. The cranial portion of the loop will develop into the jejunum, while most of the ileum and the caudal part of the loop eventually form the terminal portion of the ileum, the ascending colon and the initial two - thirds of the transverse colon. As the foetus grows larger, the mid-gut loop is drawn back through the umbilicus and undergoes a further 180 ° rotation, completing a total of 270 ° rotation. At this point, about 10 weeks, the caecum lies close to the liver. From here it moves in a cranial to caudal direction to eventually lie in the lower right portion of the abdominal cavity. This process brings the ascending colon to lie vertically in the lateral right portion of the abdominal cavity apposed to the posterior abdominal wall. The descending colon occupies a similar position on the left side. During these topographic changes, the dorsal mesentery undergoes corresponding changes. Most anatomical and embryological textbooks say that after adopting a final position, the ascending and descending mesocolons disappear during embryogenesis. Embryology -- An Illustrated Colour Text says, `` most of the mid-gut retains the original dorsal mesentery, though parts of the duodenum derived from the mid-gut do not. The mesentery associated with the ascending colon and descending colon is resorbed, bringing these parts of the colon into close contact with the body wall. '' In The Developing Human, the author states, `` the mesentery of the ascending colon fuses with the parietal peritoneum on this wall and disappears ; consequently the ascending colon also becomes retroperitoneal ''. To reconcile these differences, several theories of embryologic mesenteric development -- including the `` regression '' and `` sliding '' theories -- have been proposed, but none has been widely accepted. Clinical significance Clarifications of the mesenteric anatomy have facilitated a clearer understanding of diseases involving the mesentery, examples of which include malrotation and Crohn 's disease ( CD ). In CD, the mesentery is frequently thickened, rendering haemostasis challenging. In addition, fat wrapping -- creeping fat -- involves extension of mesenteric fat over the circumference of contiguous gastrointestinal tract, and this may indicate increased mesothelial plasticity. The relationship between mesenteric derangements and mucosal manifestations in CD points to a pathobiological overlap ; some authors say that CD is mainly a mesenteric disorder that secondarily affects the GIT and systemic circulation. Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein can cause mesenteric ischemia also known as ischemic bowel. Mesenteric ischemia can also result from the formation of a volvulus, a twisted loop of the small intestine that when it wraps around itself and also encloses the mesentery too tightly can cause ischemia. The rationalization of mesenteric and peritoneal fold anatomy permits the surgeon to differentiate both from intraperitoneal adhesions -- also called congenital adhesions. These are highly variable among patients and occur in several locations. Congenital adhesions occur between the lateral aspect of the peritoneum overlying the mobile component of the mesosigmoid, and the parietal peritoneum in the left iliac fossa. During lateral to medial approach of mobilizing of the mesosigmoid, these must be divided first before the peritoneum proper can be accessed. Similarly, focal adhesions occur between the undersurface of the greater omentum and the cephalad aspect of the transverse mesocolon. These can be accessed after dividing the peritoneal fold that links the greater omentum and transverse colon. Adhesions here must be divided to separate the greater omentum off the transverse mesocolon, thus allowing access to the lesser sac proper. Surgery While the total mesocolic excision ( TME ) operation has become the surgical gold standard for the management of rectal cancer, this is not so for colon cancer. Recently, the surgical principles underpinning TME in rectal cancer have been extrapolated to colonic surgery. Total or Complete mesocolic excision ( CME ), use planar surgery and extensive mesenterectomy ( high tie ) to minimise breach of the mesentery and maximise lymph nodes yield. Application of this T / CME reduces local five - year recurrence rates in colon cancer from 6.5 % to 3.6 %, while cancer - related five - year survival rates in patients resected for cure increased from 82.1 % to 89.1 %. Radiology. Recent radiologic appraisals of the mesenteric organ have been conducted in the context of the contemporary understanding of mesenteric organ anatomy. When this organ is divided into non-flexural and flexural regions, these can readily be differentiated in most patients on CT imaging. Clarification of the radiological appearance of the human mesentery resonates with the suggestions of Dodds and enables a clearer conceptualization of mesenteric derangements in disease states. This is of immediate relevance in the spread of cancer from colon cancer and perforated diverticular disease, and in pancreatitis where fluid collections in the lesser sac dissect the mesocolon from the retroperitoneum and thereby extend distally within the latter. History According to the editor of Gray 's Anatomy Professor Susan Standring, mesentery has been known for thousands of years. The classical anatomical description of the mesocolon is credited to British surgeon Sir Frederick Treves in 1885, although a description of the membrane as a single structure dates back to at least Leonardo da Vinci. Treves is known for performing the first appendectomy in England in 1888 ; he was surgeon to both Queen Victoria and King Edward VII. He studied the human mesentery and peritoneal folds in 100 cadavers and described the right and left mesocolons as vestigial or absent in the human adult. Accordingly, the small intestinal mesentery, transverse, and sigmoid mesocolons all terminated or attached at their insertions into the posterior abdominal wall. These assertions were included in mainstream surgical, anatomical, embryological, and radiologic literature for more than a century. Almost 10 years before Treves, the Austrian anatomist Carl Toldt described the persistence of all portions of the mesocolon into adulthood. Toldt was professor of anatomy in Prague and Vienna ; he published his account of the human mesentery in 1879. Toldt identified a fascial plane between the mesocolon and the underlying retroperitoneum, formed by the fusion of the visceral peritoneum of the mesocolon with the parietal peritoneum of the retroperitoneum ; this later became known as Toldt 's fascia. In 1942, anatomist Edward Congdon also demonstrated that the right and left mesocolons persisted into adulthood and remained separate from the retroperitoneum -- extraretroperitoneal. Radiologist Wylie J. Dodds described this concept in 1986. Dodds extrapolated that unless the mesocolon remained an extraretroperitoneal structure -- separate from the retroperitoneum -- only then would the radiologic appearance of the mesentery and peritoneal folds be reconciled with actual anatomy. Descriptions of the mesocolon by Toldt, Congdon, and Dodds have largely been ignored in mainstream literature until recently. A formal appraisal of the mesenteric organ anatomy was conducted in 2012 ; it echoed the findings of Toldt, Congdon, and Dodds. The single greatest advance in this regard was the identification of the mesenteric organ as being contiguous, as it spans the gastrointestinal tract from duodenojejunal flexure to mesorectal level. Etymology The word `` mesentery '' and its New Latin equivalent mesenterium ( / ˌmɛzənˈtɛriəm / ) use the combining forms mes - + enteron, ultimately from ancient Greek μεσεντερον ( mesenteron ), from μέσος ( mésos, `` middle '' ) + ἔντερον ( énteron, `` gut '' ), yielding `` mid-intestine '' or `` midgut ''. The adjectival form is `` mesenteric '' ( / ˌmɛzənˈtɛrɪk / ). Lymphangiology An improved understanding of mesenteric structure and histology has enabled a formal characterization of mesenteric lymphangiology. Stereologic assessments of the lymphatic vessels demonstrate a rich lymphatic network embedded within the mesenteric connective tissue lattice. On average, vessels occur every 0.14 mm ( 0.0055 in ), and within 0.1 mm ( 0.0039 in ) from the mesocolic surfaces -- anterior and posterior. Lymphatic channels have also been identified in Toldt 's fascia, though the significance of this is unknown. See also Mesorchium Mesovarium Gallery Figure obtained by combining several successive sections of a human embryo of about the fourth week. Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks. Mesenteric relation of intestines. Deep dissection. Anterior view. References ^ Jump up to : Coffey, J Calvin ; O'Leary, D Peter ( 2016 ). `` The mesentery : structure, function, and role in disease ''. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1 ( 3 ) : 238 -- 247. doi : 10.1016 / S2468 - 1253 ( 16 ) 30026 - 7. ^ Jump up to : Guarino, Ben ( 4 January 2017 ). `` Meet the mesentery : Irish scientists say this gut membrane should be upgraded to an organ ''. Washington Post. Retrieved 4 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Irish surgeon identifies emerging area of medical science ''. Jump up ^ The human body may have a new organ -- the mesentery ( arstechnica.com, 4 January 2017 ) ^ Jump up to : Coffey JC ( August 2013 ). `` Surgical anatomy and anatomic surgery -- Clinical and scientific mutualism ''. The Surgeon. 11 ( 4 ) : 177 -- 82. doi : 10.1016 / j. surge. 2013.03. 002. PMID 23597667. ^ Jump up to : Coffey JC, Sehgal R, Culligan K, et al. ( June 2014 ). `` Terminology and nomenclature in colonic surgery : universal application of a rule - based approach derived from updates on mesenteric anatomy ''. Techniques in Coloproctology. 18 : 789 -- 94. doi : 10.1007 / s10151 - 014 - 1184 - 2. PMID 24968936. Jump up ^ Zheng, MH ; Zhang, S ; Feng, B ( 15 March 2016 ). `` Complete mesocolic excision : Lessons from anatomy translating to better oncologic outcome ''. World journal of gastrointestinal oncology. 8 ( 3 ) : 235 -- 9. doi : 10.4251 / wjgo. v8. i3. 235. PMC 4789608. PMID 26989458. ^ Jump up to : Culligan K, Coffey JC, Kiran RP, Kalady M, Lavery IC, Remzi FH ( April 2012 ). `` The mesocolon : a prospective observational study ''. Colorectal Disease. 14 ( 4 ) : 421 -- 8 ; discussion 428 -- 30. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 1318.2012. 02935. x. PMID 22230129. ^ Jump up to : Culligan K, Walsh S, Dunne C, et al. ( January 2014 ). `` The Mesocolon : A Histological and Electron Microscopic Characterization of the Mesenteric Attachment of the Colon Prior to and After Surgical Mobilization ''. Annals of Surgery. 260 : 1048 -- 56. doi : 10.1097 / SLA. 0000000000000323. PMID 24441808. Jump up ^ Ellis, Harold ; Mahadevan, Vishy ( April 2014 ). `` Anatomy of the caecum, appendix and colon ''. Surgery. 32 ( 4 ) : 155 -- 8. doi : 10.1016 / j. mpsur. 2014.02. 001. ^ Jump up to : Mitchell B, Sharma R. Embryology : An Illustrated Colour Text, 2e. Churchill Livingstone ; 2 edition ( June 22, 2009 ). ISBN 978 - 0702032257. ^ Jump up to : Moore KL, TPersaud TVN, Torchia MG. The Developing Human : Clinically Oriented Embryology with Student Consult Online Assess, 9th Edition. Saunders ; ISBN 978 - 1437720020 Jump up ^ Sahebally SM, Burke JP, Chang KH, Kiernan MG, O'Connell PR, Coffey JC ( November 2013 ). `` Circulating fibrocytes and Crohn 's disease ''. The British Journal of Surgery. 100 ( 12 ) : 1549 -- 56. doi : 10.1002 / bjs. 9302. PMID 24264775. Jump up ^ `` Anatomic Problems of the Lower GI Tract ''. NIDDK. July 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2016. Jump up ^ Sehgal R, Coffey JC ( June 2014 ). `` The development of consensus for complete mesocolic excision ( CME ) should commence with standardisation of anatomy and related terminology ''. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 29 ( 6 ) : 763 -- 4. doi : 10.1007 / s00384 - 014 - 1852 - 8. PMID 24676507. Jump up ^ Sehgal R, Coffey JC ( July 2014 ). `` Comprehensive standardization of complete mesocolic surgery is now possible ''. Techniques in Coloproctology. 18 ( 7 ) : 675 -- 6. doi : 10.1007 / s10151 - 014 - 1135 - y. PMID 24599764. Jump up ^ Sehgal R, Coffey JC ( April 2014 ). `` Standardization of the nomenclature based on contemporary mesocolic anatomy is paramount prior to performing a complete mesocolic excision ''. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 29 ( 4 ) : 543 -- 4. doi : 10.1007 / s00384 - 014 - 1835 - 9. PMID 24488141. Jump up ^ West NP, Morris EJ, Rotimi O, Cairns A, Finan PJ, Quirke P ( September 2008 ). `` Pathology grading of colon cancer surgical resection and its association with survival : a retrospective observational study ''. The Lancet Oncology. 9 ( 9 ) : 857 -- 65. doi : 10.1016 / S1470 - 2045 ( 08 ) 70181 - 5. PMID 18667357. Jump up ^ Jagoditsch M, Lisborg PH, Jatzko GR, et al. ( October 2000 ). `` Long - term prognosis for colon cancer related to consistent radical surgery : multivariate analysis of clinical, surgical, and pathologic variables ''. World Journal of Surgery. 24 ( 10 ) : 1264 -- 70. doi : 10.1007 / s002680010252. PMID 11071473. Jump up ^ Bokey EL, Chapuis PH, Dent OF, Mander BJ, Bissett IP, Newland RC ( July 2003 ). `` Surgical technique and survival in patients having a curative resection for colon cancer ''. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 46 ( 7 ) : 860 -- 6. doi : 10.1097 / 01.DCR.0000074731.78773.BB. PMID 12847357. Jump up ^ Søndenaa K, Quirke P, Hohenberger W, et al. ( April 2014 ). `` The rationale behind complete mesocolic excision ( CME ) and a central vascular ligation for colon cancer in open and laparoscopic surgery : proceedings of a consensus conference ''. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 29 ( 4 ) : 419 -- 28. doi : 10.1007 / s00384 - 013 - 1818 - 2. PMID 24477788. Jump up ^ Storli KE, Søndenaa K, Furnes B, et al. ( June 2014 ). `` Short term results of complete ( D3 ) vs. standard ( D2 ) mesenteric excision in colon cancer shows improved outcome of complete mesenteric excision in patients with TNM stages I -- II ''. Techniques in Coloproctology. 18 ( 6 ) : 557 -- 64. doi : 10.1007 / s10151 - 013 - 1100 - 1. PMID 24357446. Jump up ^ Galizia G, Lieto E, De Vita F, et al. ( January 2014 ). `` Is complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation safe and effective in the surgical treatment of right - sided colon cancers ? A prospective study ''. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 29 ( 1 ) : 89 -- 97. doi : 10.1007 / s00384 - 013 - 1766 - x. PMID 23982425. ^ Jump up to : Hohenberger W, Weber K, Matzel K, Papadopoulos T, Merkel S ( May 2009 ). `` Standardized surgery for colonic cancer : complete mesocolic excision and central ligation -- technical notes and outcome ''. Colorectal Disease. 11 ( 4 ) : 354 -- 64 ; discussion 364 -- 5. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 1318.2008. 01735. x. PMID 19016817. ^ Jump up to : Dodds WJ, Darweesh RM, Lawson TL, et al. ( December 1986 ). `` The retroperitoneal spaces revisited ''. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 147 ( 6 ) : 1155 -- 61. doi : 10.2214 / ajr. 147.6. 1155. PMID 3490750. Jump up ^ Koo BC, Chinogureyi A, Shaw AS ( February 2010 ). `` Imaging acute pancreatitis ''. The British Journal of Radiology. 83 ( 986 ) : 104 -- 12. doi : 10.1259 / bjr / 13359269. PMC 3473535. PMID 20139261. Jump up ^ `` We Got The Mesentery News All Wrong '', Discover Magazine, January 7, 2017 ^ Jump up to : Treves F ( March 1885 ). `` Lectures on the Anatomy of the Intestinal Canal and Peritoneum in Man ''. British Medical Journal. 1 ( 1264 ) : 580 -- 3. doi : 10.1136 / bmj. 1.1264. 580. PMC 2255923. PMID 20751205. Jump up ^ Miller, Sara G ( January 3, 2017 ). `` Gut Decision : Scientists Identify New Organ in Humans ''. Live Science. ^ Jump up to : Mirilas P, Skandalakis JE ( June 2003 ). `` Not just an appendix : Sir Frederick Treves ''. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 88 ( 6 ) : 549 -- 52. doi : 10.1136 / adc. 88.6. 549. PMC 1763108. PMID 12765932. Jump up ^ Ellis H. The abdomen and pelvis. In : Ellis H, editor. Clinical anatomy : applied anatomy for students and junior doctors. 12th ed. Blackwell Science ; 2010. p. 86. Jump up ^ McMinn RH ( 1994 ). `` The gastrointestinal tract ''. In McMinn RH. Last 's anatomy : regional and applied ( 9th ed. ). London : Langman Group. p. 331e42. ^ Jump up to : Toldt C ( 1879 ). `` Bau und wachstumsveranterungen der gekrose des menschlischen darmkanales ''. Denkschrdmathnaturwissensch. 41 : 1 -- 56. Jump up ^ Toldt C ( 1919 ). `` Splanchology -- general considerations ''. In Toldt C ; Della Rossa A. An atlas of human anatomy for students and physicians. 4. New York : Rebman Company. p. 408. Jump up ^ Congdon, Edgar D. ; Blumberg, Ralph ; Henry, William ( March 1942 ). `` Fasciae of fusion and elements of the fused enteric mesenteries in the human adult ''. American Journal of Anatomy. 70 ( 2 ) : 251 -- 79. doi : 10.1002 / aja. 1000700204. External links Anatomy photo : 39 : 01 - 0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center jejunumileum at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman ( Georgetown University ) McGill Anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery General Peritoneum cavity Mesentery Abdominal From ventral mesentery Lesser omentum Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Liver Coronary ligament ( Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament ) Falciform ligament ( Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it ) From dorsal mesentery Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery Splenorenal ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Folds Umbilical folds Supravesical fossa Medial inguinal fossa Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Ileocecal fold Abdominal cavity Greater sac Lesser sac Omental foramen General Cystohepatic triangle Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space Abdominal wall Inguinal triangle Peritoneal recesses Paracolic gutters Paramesenteric gutters Pelvic Uterus / ovaries Broad ligament of the uterus Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Mesometrium ) Ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Recesses Male Recto - vesical pouch Pararectal fossa Female Recto - uterine pouch Recto - uterine fold ( Uterosacral ligament ) Vesico - uterine pouch Ovarian fossa Paravesical fossa Retroperitonium Spaces Extraperitoneal space Retroperitoneal space Retropubic space Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesentery&oldid=815361324 '' Categories : Digestive system Abdomen Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2014 Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Articles containing Latin - language text Articles containing Ancient Greek - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bân - lâm - gú Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego Հայերեն Ido Italiano עברית Қазақша Latviešu Lumbaart മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska ไทย Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 14 December 2017, at 10 : 48. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: where is the mesentery located in the human body
Answer: the wall of the abdomen