Biosafety level - wikipedia Biosafety level Essential features of a biosafety level 4 ( BSL - 4 ) laboratory A biosafety level is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility. The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level 1 ( BSL - 1 ) to the highest at level 4 ( BSL - 4 ). In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) have specified these levels. In the European Union, the same biosafety levels are defined in a directive. In Canada the four levels are known as Containment Levels. Facilities with these designations are also sometimes given as P1 through P4 ( for Pathogen or Protection level ), as in the term `` P3 laboratory ''. At the lowest level of biosafety, precautions may consist of regular hand - washing and minimal protective equipment. At higher biosafety levels, precautions may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed containers, positive pressure personnel suits, established protocols for all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high levels of security to control access to the facility. Contents 1 History 2 Levels 2.1 Biosafety level 1 2.2 Biosafety level 2 2.3 Biosafety level 3 2.4 Biosafety level 4 3 List of BSL - 4 facilities 4 Safety concerns 5 See also 6 References 7 External links History The first prototype Class III ( maximum containment ) biosafety cabinet was fashioned in 1943 by Hubert Kaempf Jr., then a U.S. Army soldier, under the direction of Dr. Arnold G. Wedum, Director ( 1944 -- 69 ) of Industrial Health and Safety at the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, Camp Detrick, Maryland. Kaempf was tired of his MP duties at Detrick and was able to transfer to the sheet metal department working with the contractor, the H.K. Ferguson Co. On 18 April 1955, fourteen representatives met at Camp Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. The meeting was to share knowledge and experiences regarding biosafety, chemical, radiological, and industrial safety issues that were common to the operations at the three principal biological warfare ( BW ) laboratories of the U.S. Army. Because of the potential implication of the work conducted at biological warfare laboratories, the conferences were restricted to top level security clearances. Beginning in 1957, these conferences were planned to include non-classified sessions as well as classified sessions to enable broader sharing of biological safety information. It was not until 1964, however, that conferences were held in a government installation not associated with a biological warfare program. Over the next ten years, the biological safety conferences grew to include representatives from all federal agencies that sponsored or conducted research with pathogenic microorganisms. By 1966 it began to include representatives from universities, private laboratories, hospitals, and industrial complexes. Throughout the 1970s, participation in the conferences continued to expand and by 1983 discussions began regarding the creation of a formal organization. The American Biological Safety Association ( ABSA ) was officially established in 1984 and a constitution and bylaws were drafted the same year. As of 2008, ABSA includes some 1,600 members in its professional association. CDC technician dons an older - model positive - pressure suit before entering one of the CDC 's earlier maximum containment labs. Levels Biosafety level 1 Biosafety level 1 ( BSL - 1 ) is suitable for work with well - characterized agents which do not cause disease in healthy humans. In general, these agents should pose minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. At this level, precautions are limited relative to other levels. Laboratory personnel must wash their hands upon entering and exiting the lab. Research with these agents may be performed on standard open laboratory benches without the use of special containment equipment. However, eating and drinking are generally prohibited in laboratory areas. Potentially infectious material must be decontaminated before disposal, either by adding an appropriate disinfectant, or by packaging for decontamination elsewhere. Personal protective equipment is only required for circumstances where personnel might be exposed to hazardous material. BSL - 1 laboratories must have a door which can be locked to limit access to the lab, however it is not necessary for BSL - 1 labs to be isolated from the general building. This level of biosafety is appropriate for work with several kinds of microorganisms including non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms not suspected to contribute to human disease. Due to the relative ease and safety of maintaining a BSL - 1 laboratory, these are the types of laboratories generally used as teaching spaces for high schools and colleges. Biosafety level 2 At this level, all precautions used at Biosafety Level 1 are followed, and some additional precautions are taken. BSL - 2 differs from BSL - 1 in that : Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are directed by scientists with advanced training. Access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items. Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment. Biosafety level 2 is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. This includes various microbes that cause mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting. Examples include Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ), pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Plasmodium falciparum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Biosafety level 3 Researcher at US Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, working with influenza virus under biosafety level 3 conditions, with respirator inside a biosafety cabinet ( BSC ). Biosafety level 3 is appropriate for work involving microbes which can cause serious and potentially lethal disease via the inhalation route. This type of work can be done in clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities. Here, the precautions undertaken in BSL - 1 and BSL - 2 labs are followed, as well as additional measures including : All laboratory personnel are provided medical surveillance and offered relevant immunizations ( where available ) to reduce the risk of an accidental or unnoticed infection. All procedures involving infectious material must be done within a biological safety cabinet. Laboratory personnel must wear solid - front protective clothing ( i.e. gowns that tie in the back ). This can not be worn outside of the laboratory and must be discarded or decontaminated after each use. A laboratory - specific biosafety manual must be drafted which details how the laboratory will operate in compliance with all safety requirements. In addition, the facility which houses the BSL - 3 laboratory must have certain features to ensure appropriate containment. The entrance to the laboratory must be separated from areas of the building with unrestricted traffic flow. Additionally, the laboratory must be behind two sets of self - closing doors ( to reduce the risk of aerosols escaping ). The construction of the laboratory is such that it can be easily cleaned. Carpets are not permitted, and any seams in the floors, walls, and ceilings are sealed to allow for easy cleaning and decontamination. Additionally, windows must be sealed, and a ventilation system installed which forces air to flow from the `` clean '' areas of the lab to the areas where infectious agents are handled. Air from the laboratory must be filtered before it can be recirculated. Biosafety level 3 is commonly used for research and diagnostic work involving various microbes which can be transmitted by aerosols and / or cause severe disease. These include Francisella tularensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia psittaci, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, SARS coronavirus, Coxiella burnetii, Rift Valley fever virus, Rickettsia rickettsii, several species of Brucella, chikungunya, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus. Biosafety level 4 The Galveston National Laboratory BSL - 4 lab on the Campus of the University of Texas Medical Branch Biosafety level 4 ( BSL - 4 ) is the highest level of biosafety precautions, and is appropriate for work with agents that could easily be aerosol - transmitted within the laboratory and cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which there are no available vaccines or treatments. BSL - 4 laboratories are generally set up to be either cabinet laboratories or protective - suit laboratories. In cabinet laboratories, all work must be done within a class III biosafety cabinet. Materials leaving the cabinet must be decontaminated by passing through an autoclave or a tank of disinfectant. The cabinets themselves are required to have seamless edges to allow for easy cleaning. Additionally the cabinet and all materials within must be free of sharp edges in order to reduce the risk of damage to the gloves. In a protective - suit laboratory, all work must be done in a class II biosafety cabinet by personnel wearing a positive pressure suit. In order to exit the BSL - 4 laboratory, personnel must pass through a chemical shower for decontamination, then a room for removing the positive - pressure suit, followed by a personal shower. Entry into the BSL - 4 laboratory is restricted to trained and authorized individuals, and all persons entering and exiting the laboratory must be recorded. As with BSL - 3 laboratories, BSL - 4 laboratories must be separated from areas that receive unrestricted traffic. Additionally airflow is tightly controlled to ensure that air always flows from `` clean '' areas of the lab to areas where work with infectious agents is being performed. The entrance to the BSL - 4 lab must also employ airlocks to minimize the possibility that aerosols from the lab could be removed from the lab. All laboratory waste, including filtered air, water, and trash must also be decontaminated before it can leave the facility. Biosafety level 4 laboratories are used for diagnostic work and research on easily transmitted pathogens which can cause fatal disease. These include a number of viruses known to cause viral hemorrhagic fever such as Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Crimean - Congo hemorrhagic fever. Other pathogens handled at BSL - 4 include Hendra virus, Nipah virus, and some Flaviviruses. Additionally, poorly characterized pathogens which appear closely related to dangerous pathogens are often handled at this level until sufficient data are obtained either to confirm continued work at this level, or to work with them at a lower level. This level is also used for work with Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, though this work can only be done at the World Health Organization approved facilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, United States, as well as the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Regular inspection of positive - pressure suits to locate any leaks SPECT machine at BSL - 4 imaging facility that separates subjects with pathogens from the machines. The circular containment tube separates the patient table in the `` hot '' zone ( pathogen present ) from the `` cold '' zone around this MRI machine. Air Pressure Resistant ( APR ) door to separate the hot and cold zones Working inside a BSL - 4 lab with air hoses providing positive air pressure. Inside a Class III biological safety cabinet with an aerosol control platform Effluent decontamination system of a BSL - 4 lab of NIAID List of BSL - 4 facilities This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it. According to the U.S. Government Accountability Office ( GAO ) report published on October 4, 2007, a total of 1,356 CDC / USDA registered BSL - 3 facilities were identified throughout the United States. Approximately 36 % of these laboratories are located in academia. 15 BSL - 4 facilities were identified in the U.S. in 2007, including nine at federal labs. The following is a list of existing BSL - 4 facilities worldwide. Name Location Date established Description Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais ( Lanagro / MG ) Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2014 Focus on Agropecuary diseases and diagnostics. National Service of Healthcare and Agriculture Quality ( SENASA ) Buenos Aires, Argentina Diagnostic laboratory for Foot - and - mouth disease. University of Melbourne -- Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2014 Diagnostic reference lab. Australian Animal Health Laboratory Geelong, Victoria, Australia 1985 Large diagnostic and research lab equipped with two BSL - 4 animal rooms. National High Security Laboratory Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory. National Microbiology Laboratory Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Located at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, it is jointly operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Hubei, China 2015 Wuhan Institute of Virology has existed since 1956 and already hosted BSL3 laboratories. A BSL4 facility was completed in 2015, and became the first BSL - 4 laboratory in China. Biological Defense Center Těchonín, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic 1971, rebuilt 2003 - 2007 Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany ( Biological Defense Center ) Jean Mérieux BSL - 4 Laboratory Lyon, Metropolis of Lyon, France 1999 Built and owned by the Fondation Mérieux. Since 2004, operated by INSERM. Laboratoire de la DGA Vert - le - Petit, Essonne, France 2013 Operated by the Ministry of Defense. Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville, Haut - Ogooué Province, Gabon This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese ( mainly ) and French governments, and is West Africa 's only P4 lab ( BSL - 4 ). Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Germany 2015 Diagnostic and experimental lab facility. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, Germany Part of the Leibniz Center Infection. National reference lab for tropical viruses. Friedrich Loeffler Institute Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Mecklenburg - Vorpommern, Germany Focus on animal viral diseases and diagnostics. Philipps University of Marburg Marburg, Hesse, Germany 2008 Focuses on hemorrhagic fever viruses. Országos Epidemiológiai Központ -- National Center for Epidemiology Budapest, Hungary 1998 Division of Virology operates three WHO National Reference Laboratories. The BSL - 4 biosafety laboratory provides a modern means to process dangerous imported zoonotic viral pathogens. High Security Animal Disease Laboratory ( HSADL ) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 1998 This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2009 National BSL - 4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases. Microbial Containment Complex Pune, Maharashtra, India 2012 Run by the National Institute of Virology. Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Rome, Lazio, Italy 1997 The `` National Institute of Infectious Diseases '' used to operate within the Lazzaro Spallanzani hospital ; the facility is now independent and is home to five BSL - 3 labs as well as a single BSL - 4 laboratory, which was completed in 1997. National Institute for Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan 2015 Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I. Built in 1981 ; operated at BSL - 3 until 2015 due to opposition from nearby residents. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research ( RIKEN ) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1984 Facility completed in 1984 but not operated as BSL - 4 due to local opposition. State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ( VECTOR ) Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia One of two WHO - approved facilities for work on variola virus. National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 2002 Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden The only BSL - 4 facility in the Nordic region. Constructed for research and diagnostics of hemorrhagic fever viruses. University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland `` Glove box '' type laboratory ; primarily for handling clinical samples. Spiez Laboratory Spiez, Canton of Bern, Switzerland 2013 Run by Federal Office for Civil Protection and the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. Institute of Medical Virology Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland Part of the University of Zurich. Primary purpose is diagnostics of highly pathogenic viruses. Institute of Preventive Medicine Taipei National Defense University, Taipei, Republic of China Health Protection Agency 's Centre for Infections Colindale, Greater London, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics for various viral diseases. Part of the European Network of Biosafety - Level - 4 Laboratories. National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, Greater London, United Kingdom Medical Research Council laboratory. Research and diagnostics for highly pathogenic viruses. Institute for Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council laboratory. Research on highly pathogenic animal diseases. Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Ministry of Defense laboratory. Focuses on protection from biological weapons. Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics and research for haemorrhagic fever viruses. Part of the European Network of Biosafety - Level - 4 Laboratories. Francis Crick Institute Camden, Greater London, United Kingdom 2015 Has BSL - 4 space but does not work on human pathogens. National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Department of Health and Home Office laboratory. Develop assays and reagents for research on virulent pathogens. Veterinary Laboratories Agency Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs laboratory. Diagnostics and research for animal diseases. Merial Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Private lab. Produces vaccines against foot and mouth disease and bluetongue disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, United States Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox. Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia, United States 1997 Research focus on B virus. National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility ( NBAF ), Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas, United States 2022 ( expected ) Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. Expected to be operational by 2022 - 2023. National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) Bethesda, Maryland, United States Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL - 3 agents. Integrated Research Facility Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by NIAID. Focuses on animal models of human diseases. National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by the Department of Homeland Security. Focus on potential bioterrorism threats. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases ( USAMRIID ) Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States 1969 Run by the U.S. Army. Research focuses on biological threats to the U.S. military. National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory ( NEIDL ), Boston University Boston, Massachusetts, United States Focus on potential threats to public health. Rocky Mountain Laboratories Hamilton, Montana, United States 1928 NIAID laboratory. Focus on vector - borne diseases. Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment Facility Galveston, Texas, United States Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch. Shope Laboratory Galveston, Texas, United States Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch. Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, Texas, United States 1999 The only privately owned BSL - 4 lab in the US. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases Fort Collins, Colorado, United States A BSL 3 / 4 facility that operates in connection with some of CSU 's biomedical research programs. The Fort Collins, Colorado location specializes in arboviral and bacterial diseases. Safety concerns A North Carolina Mosquito & Vector Control Association ( NCMVCA ) study highlighted safety concerns. In the United States laboratories can be funded by federal, state, private, non-profit, or academically. The last accounts for 72 % of the funding. There is no central monitoring agency accountable for monitoring laboratories and standards vary according to funding, the age of the laboratory, and is dependent on the size and whether it is SA approved. High - containment labs that are registered with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture 's ( USDA ) Select Agent Program must adhere to Department of Defense standards. No single federal agency, according to 12 agencies ' responses to a GSA survey, has the mission to track the overall number of BSL - 3 and BSL - 4 labs in the United States. This means no agency is responsible for determining the risks associated with the proliferation of these labs. 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Jump up ^ `` Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases : Safety and Biocontainment ''. UTMB Health. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` About Texas Biomed : Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory ''. Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Retrieved 3 April 2016. Jump up ^ https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dvbd/about.html Jump up ^ NCMVCA study - Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 19 Jump up ^ DoD Safety Standards for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories - Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 19 Jump up ^ GAO publication - Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 19 External links Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories CDC Federation of American Scientists : Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Labs Biological warfare and Bioterrorism Modern incidents 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack 1989 California medfly attack 2001 anthrax attacks Wood Green ricin plot 2003 ricin letters 2013 ricin letters Prevention and response Australia Group Center for Health Security Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Threat Reduction Agency European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Global Health Security Initiative Health Threat Unit Laboratory Response Network National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Biological agents Anthrax Avian influenza Botulinum toxin Brucellosis Burkholderia pseudomallei Chlamydophila psittaci Coxiella burnetii Ebola Equine encephalitis ( Eastern Western Venezuelan ) Foodborne illness Fungi Glanders Hantavirus Henipavirus Legionnaires ' disease Marburg virus Mold Plague Ricin Salmonella enterica Salmonellosis Salmonella typhi Smallpox Staphylococcus Tularemia Typhus Viral hemorrhagic fever Related concepts Agro-terrorism Anthrax hoaxes Psychochemical weapons Bacteria Biocontainment Biological hazard Biological warfare in popular culture Ethnic bioweapon Decontamination Entomological warfare Infectious disease Virus Toxin Terrorism Biological warfare portal Wiktionary definition Wikisource United States biological defense program Organizations Federal administrative DHS DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division DHS Office of Health Affairs ( National Biosurvelliance Integration Center, BioWatch ) National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility National Bioforensic Analysis Center DNI National Counterproliferation Center ( Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism ) DHHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response Division of Select Agents and Toxins ( CDC ) National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity DoD Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs Defense Threat Reduction Agency Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense ( JPEO - CBD ) National Center for Medical Intelligence Federal research Trans - departmental National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research ( National Interagency Biodefense Campus, Fort Detrick ) Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio ( DHHS / DoD ) Military U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Dugway Proving Ground Civilian Galveston National Laboratory ( UTMB / NIAID ) Integrated Research Facility ( HHS / NIAID ) Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ( HHS ) Homeland Security Research Program ( EPA / DHS ) Plum Island Animal Disease Center ( USDA ) Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit ( USDA ) Response Local Local Health Departments State State Health Departments Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit Federal National Medical Response Team / National Pharmacy Response Team ( NDMS, HHS ) Chemical Biological Incident Response Force ( USMC ) Epidemic Intelligence Service ( CDC ) Aeromedical Biological Containment System ( CDC ) Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory ( CDC ) Non - governmental Academic centers & think tanks Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security ( formerly Center for Biosecurity ) Henry L. Stimson Center Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens ( Brown University ) Middle - Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling ( University of Rochester ) Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases ( NCBID ; George Mason Univ. ) Government contractors Battelle Memorial Institute SRI International Idaho Technology Phoenix Air Programs & projects Threat reduction Nunn -- Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, including the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program ( DoD ) Project Bacchus Project Clear Vision Project Jefferson Biosurveillance National Biosurveillance Strategy Laboratory Response Network ( CDC ) BioWatch ( EPA, CDC ) Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative ( GBTI ), Bio-Surveillance Management Office ( BMO ) ( part of JPEO - CBD ) ESSENCE ( DoD ) RODS ( Civilian ) Biosecurity / Biosurety Select Agent Program ( CDC ) Personnel Reliability Program ( DoD ) Medical intelligence National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases Disaster response National Response Framework of the National Strategy for Homeland Security ( DHS ; including NIMS & ICS ) National Disaster Medical System ( DHHS ) Strategic National Stockpile ( CDC, DHS ) Technology & equipment Protection MOPP NBC suit Respirators Detection Cell CANARY Biological Materials MASINT Autonomous Pathogen Detection System Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System ( JBAIDS ) Biocontainment Biosafety level Biosafety cabinet Positive pressure personnel suit Law Treaties Geneva Protocol ( 1925, 1975 ) Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs ( 1969 ) Biological Weapons Convention ( 1972 ) Legislation Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 Executive Order 13139 ( 1999 ) Patriot Act ( 2001 ) Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act ( 2002 ) Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 Project Bioshield Act ( 2004 ) Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005 Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act ( 2005 ) Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act ( 2006 ) Pandemic and All - Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 International representation Global Health Security Initiative Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 ( 2004 ) History Past biological incidents 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack 1989 California medfly attack 2001 anthrax attacks Wood Green ricin plot ( 2002 ) 2003 ricin letters 2013 ricin letters Defunct organizations & programs United States Army Medical Unit United States biological weapons program Sunshine Project Aeromedical Isolation Team ( DoD ) Related topics Agro-terrorism Biodefense Biosecurity in the United States Biological agent Biological hazard Biological warfare ( BW ) Biosurveillance Bioterrorism CBRN defense Decontamination Entomological warfare Isolation ( health care ) Select agent Smallpox virus retention controversy Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosafety_level&oldid=830404809 '' Categories : Safety Biological hazards Biosafety level 4 laboratories Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) CS1 Swedish - language sources ( sv ) Incomplete lists from March 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Svenska 中文 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 March 2018, at 16 : 43. 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Question: which bsl level is for lethal agents for which there are no vaccines or other countermeasures
Answer: Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)