Metropolitan Railway steam locomotives - wikipedia Metropolitan Railway steam locomotives Metropolitan Railway steam locomotive number 23, one of only two surviving locomotives, is displayed at London Transport Museum. The first Metropolitan Railway steam locomotives were ordered in 1864 for the Metropolitan Railway, to replace the Great Western Railway locomotive that had opened their first line the previous year. A total of 116 locomotives were built, of which two survive in preservation. Contents 1 History 2 Preserved units 3 List 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Notes 5.2 Sources History Concern about smoke and steam in the tunnels led to new designs of steam locomotive. Before the line opened in 1861 trials were made with the experimental `` hot brick '' locomotive nicknamed Fowler 's Ghost. This was unsuccessful and the first public trains were hauled by broad gauge GWR Metropolitan Class condensing 2 - 4 - 0 tank locomotives designed by Daniel Gooch. They were followed by standard gauge GNR locomotives until the Met received its own 4 - 4 - 0 tank locomotives. The locomotives were built by Beyer Peacock of Manchester. Their design is frequently attributed to the Met 's Engineer John Fowler, but the locomotive was a development of one Beyers had built for the Spanish Tudela to Bilbao Railway, Fowler only specifying the driving wheel diameter, axle weight and the ability to navigate sharp curves. Eighteen were ordered in 1864, initially carrying names, and by 1870 a total of forty had been built. To reduce smoke underground, at first coke was burnt, changed in 1869 to smokeless Welsh coal. From 1879, more locomotives were needed, and the design was updated and a total of twenty - four of these later locomotives were delivered between 1879 and 1885. Originally the locomotives were painted bright olive green lined in black and yellow, chimneys were copper capped with the locomotive number in brass figures at the front and domes were polished brass. In 1885, the colour changed to a dark red known as Midcared, and this was to remain the standard colour and taken up as the colour for the Metropolitan line by London Transport in 1933. When in 1925 the Met classified its locomotives by letters of the alphabet, these were assigned A Class and B Class. When the M&SJWR was being built, it was considered that the Class A and B tanks would struggle on the gradients and five Worcester Engine 0 - 6 - 0 tank locomotives were delivered in 1868. However, it was soon found that the Class A and B locomotives could manage trains without difficulty and the 0 - 6 - 0Ts were sold to the Taff Vale Railway in 1873 and 1875. From 1891, more locomotives were needed for work on the extension line from Baker Street into the country. Four C Class ( 0 - 4 - 4 ) locomotives, a development of South Eastern Railway 's ' Q ' Class, were received in 1891. In 1894, two D Class locomotives were bought to run between Aylesbury and Verney Junction. These were not fitted with the condensing equipment needed to work south of Finchley Road. Four more were delivered in 1895 with condensing equipment, although these were prohibited working south of Finchley Road. In 1896, two E Class ( 0 - 4 - 4 ) locomotives were built by the Met at Neasden works, followed by one in 1898 to replace the original Class A No. 1, damaged in an accident. Four more were built by Hawthorn Leslie & Co in 1900 and 1901. To cope with the growing freight traffic on the extension line, the Met received four F Class ( 0 - 6 - 2 ) locomotives in 1901, similar to the E Class except for the wheel formula and without steam heat. In 1897 and 1899, the Met received two 0 - 6 - 0 saddle tank locomotives to a standard Peckett design. Unclassified by the Met, these were generally used for shunting at Neasden and Harrow. Many locomotives were made redundant by the electrification of the inner London lines in 1905 -- 06. By 1907, forty of the older class A and B had been sold or scrapped and by 1914 only thirteen locomotives of these classes had been retained for shunting, departmental work and working trains over the Brill Tramway. The need for more powerful locomotives for both passenger and freight services meant that, in 1915, four G Class ( 0 - 6 - 4 ) locomotives arrived from Yorkshire Engine Co. Eight 75 mph ( 121 km / h ) capable H Class ( 4 - 4 - 4 ) locomotives were built in 1920 and 1921 and used mainly on express passenger services. To run longer, faster and less frequent freight services in 1925 six freight K Class ( 2 - 6 - 4 ) locomotives arrived, rebuilt from 2 - 6 - 0 locomotives manufactured at Woolwich Arsenal after World War I. These were not permitted south of Finchley Road. In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway was absorbed into the newly created London Passenger Transport Board and on 1 November 1937 the later G, H and K Class steam locomotives were transferred to the London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) who took over all freight workings and became responsible for hauling passenger trains with steam locomotives north of Rickmansworth. From the early 1940s these were replaced by ex Great Central Railway locomotives, now classified LNER Class A5. These were replaced by LNER L1s after 1948 and ten years later in 1958 when the joint line was transferred to British Railway 's London Midland Region former LMS locomotives replaced the L1s. Steam working ended on passenger trains after the introduction of the A Stock in 1961. LT kept eleven locomotives for use departmental work. From 1956 these were replaced by ex-GWR 0 - 6 - 0PT pannier tanks, to be replaced by diesel - hydraulic locomotives in 1971. Preserved units Two locomotives survive, one A Class No. 23 ( LT L45 ) at the London Transport Museum, and E Class No. 1 ( LT L44 ) is preserved at the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre. List This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2013 ) Numbers Built Builder Type Works Nos. Class Notes 001 1 -- 9 1864 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0412 412 -- 419 all services 010 10 -- 18 1864 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0421 421 -- 429 all services 019 19 -- 23 1866 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0706 706 -- 710 all services ; 23 to LT L45 024 24 -- 28 1868 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0770 770 -- 774 all services 029 29 -- 33 1869 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0853 853 -- 857 all services ; possibly works numbers 775 - 779 034.1 34 -- 38 1868 WEC 0 - 6 - 0T -- St. John 's Wood Extension line 034.2 34 -- 38 1879 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 1878 -- 1882 all services 039 39 -- 44 1869 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0863 863 -- 868 all services 040 45 -- 49 1870 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 0893 893 -- 897 all services 050 50 -- 53 1880 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 1937 -- 1940 all services 054 54 -- 56 1880 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 1944 -- 1946 all services 057 57 -- 59 1880 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 1941 -- 1943 all services 060 60 -- 64 1884 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 2579 -- 2583 all services 065 65 -- 66 1885 BP&C 4 - 4 - 0T 2674 -- 2675 all services 067 67 -- 70 1891 N&C 0 - 4 - 4T 4352 -- 4355 all services 071 71 -- 72 1895 SS&C 2 - 4 - 0T 4055 -- 4056 Aylesbury / Verney Junction 073 73 -- 76 1895 SS&C 2 - 4 - 0T 4075 -- 4078 Aylesbury / Verney Junction 077 77 -- 78 1896 MR 0 - 4 - 4T Aylesbury line ; 77 to LT L46 079.1 79 1897 MR 0 - 4 - 4T renumbered 1 079.2 79 -- 80 1900 RWHL 0 - 4 - 4T 2474 -- 2475 Aylesbury line ; 80 to LT L47 081 81 -- 82 1901 RWHL 0 - 4 - 4T 2476 -- 2477 Aylesbury line ; 81 to LT L48 090 90 -- 93 1901 YEC 0 - 6 - 2T 0624 624 -- 627 heavy work ; to LT L49 - L52 094 94 -- 95 1915 YEC 0 - 6 - 4T express passenger 096 96 -- 97 1916 YEC 0 - 6 - 4T express passenger 100 1886 HC&C 0 - 4 - 0ST shunter ; 1884 ? 101 1897 P&C 0 - 6 - 0ST 0664 664 Finchley Road shunting ; to LT L53 102 1899 P&C 0 - 6 - 0ST 0823 823 Finchley Road shunting ; to LT L54 103 -- 106 1920 KS&C 4 - 4 - 4T 4088 -- 4091 express passenger ; to LNER H2 6415 - 6418, 1935 107 -- 110 1921 KS&C 4 - 4 - 4T 4092 -- 4095 express passenger ; to LNER H2 6419 - 6422, 1935 111 -- 116 1924 AW&C 2 - 6 - 4T goods ; to LNER L2 6158 - 6163, 1935 Builders AW&C Armstrong Whitworth and Company Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne BP&C Beyer, Peacock and Company Gorton, Manchester HC&C Hudswell Clarke and Company Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire KS&C Kerr, Stuart and Company Stoke - on - Trent MR Metropolitan Railway Neasden Works N&C Neilson and Company Glasgow, Scotland P&C Peckett & Company St. George, Bristol RWHL R. & W. Hawthorne, Leslie and Company Newcastle upon Tyne SS&C Sharp, Stewart and Company Manchester WEC Worcester Engine Company Worcester YEC Yorkshire Engine Company Sheffield See also District Railway steam locomotives References Notes Jump up ^ Green 1987, pp. 5 -- 6. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, p. 11. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, p. 24. Jump up ^ Jackson 1986, pp. 117 -- 118. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, p. 12. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 69 -- 70. Jump up ^ Jackson 1986, p. 289. ^ Jump up to : Goudie 1990, pp. 25 -- 26. Jump up ^ Green 1987, p. 14. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, p. 30. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, p. 31. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 32 -- 35. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 38 -- 39. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 36 -- 37. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 18, 19, 72 -- 74. Jump up ^ Casserley 1977, p. 8. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 42 -- 47. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 48 -- 55. Jump up ^ Goudie 1990, pp. 56 -- 59. Jump up ^ Casserley 1977, pp. 80 -- 83. Jump up ^ Bruce 1983, p. 113. Jump up ^ Casserley 1977, p. 95. Jump up ^ `` Metropolitan Railway A class 4 - 4 - 0T steam locomotive No. 23, 1866 ''. London Transport Museum. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Jump up ^ `` Metropolitan Railway E Class 0 - 4 - 4T No. 1 ''. Buckinghamshire Railway Centre. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012. Sources Bruce, J. Graeme ( 1983 ). Steam to Silver : A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock ( 2nd ed. ). London : Capital Transport. ISBN 0 - 904711 - 45 - 5. Casserley, H.C. ( 1977 ). The later years of Metropolitan Steam. D. Bradford Barton. ISBN 0 - 85153 - 327 - 2. Goudie, F.W. ( 1 January 1990 ). Metropolitan Steam Locomotives. Capital Transport. ISBN 978 - 1 - 85414 - 118 - 7. Green, Oliver ( 1987 ). The London Underground -- An illustrated history. Ian Allan. ISBN 0 - 7110 - 1720 - 4. Jackson, Alan ( 1986 ). London 's Metropolitan Railway. David & Charles. ISBN 0 - 7153 - 8839 - 8. hide London Underground rolling stock Tube stock 1900 1903 1906 1914 1915 1920 Watford Joint Standard 1935 1938 1949 1956 1959 1960 1962 1967 1972 1973 1986 ( experimental ) 1995 2009 NTfL Sub-surface stock District Railway Metropolitan Railway Electric multiple units GN&C Circle London Transport G23 M / N O / CO / P / P1 / CP Q / Q23 / Q27 / Q31 / Q35 / Q38 R38 / R47 / R49 / R59 A60 / A62 C69 / C77 D78 S7 / S8 Locomotives Battery - electric Diesel Electric London Transport locomotives Steam locomotives District Metropolitan departmental ex GWR Metropolitan Railway Peckett Saddle Tank Wotton Tramway Tube - gauge steam locomotives Other stock Departmental Engineering Sleet locomotives Coaching stock Carriages Rolling stock in current passenger service is shown in italics London transport portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Railway_steam_locomotives&oldid=831127263 '' Categories : Metropolitan Railway locomotives Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from October 2017 Use British English from October 2017 Articles needing additional references from March 2013 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 18 March 2018, at 22 : 13 ( UTC ). 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Question: when did the last steam train run on the london underground
Answer: 1961