Comparison of standard Malay and Indonesian - wikipedia Comparison of standard Malay and Indonesian The Malaysian and Indonesian are both standardised registers of Malay language in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively. Both languages are generally mutually intelligible, yet there are differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords. The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education. Contents 1 Perception 2 Orthography 3 Pronunciation 4 Vocabulary 4.1 Vocabulary differences 4.2 Vocabulary comparison 4.3 False friends 5 Syllabification 6 The influence of English 6.1 Example 7 Convergence of vocabulary 8 Sample 9 References 10 External links Perception To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian sinetrons ( TV dramas ) aired in Malaysia, and vice versa. The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ( Malaysian language ), while in Indonesia it is considered as a regional language in Malay - speaking areas such as the eastern coast of Sumatra and West Kalimantan. The term `` Malay language '' ( Bahasa Melayu ) in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people. To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the national language of Malaysia, with Malaysian language ( Bahasa Malaysia ) being the standardized register of Malay in the country. Between 1986 and 2007, the term Bahasa Melayu was used instead of Bahasa Malaysia, until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just Malays. Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay ( Bahasa Melayu ) and the national language of Malaysia ( Bahasa Malaysia ). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as Bahasa Melayu and in English as `` Malay ''. In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between `` Malay language '' ( Bahasa Melayu ) and `` Indonesian '' ( Bahasa Indonesia ). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the unifying language of Indonesia. The term `` Malay '' is reserved for the language indigenous to the Malay people. Thus, `` Malay '' is considered a regional language in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as Javanese, Bataknese, Sundanese, Buginese, Balinese and others. Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term `` Malay '' is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian national language. In Malaysia, the terms `` Indonesian Malay '' and `` Malaysian Malay '' are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malaysian as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, `` Indonesian Malay '' refers to the Malay spoken by the Malay peoples of Indonesia, that is, to Malay as a regional language in Sumatra, though it is rarely used. Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Melayu are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia. Orthography Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the Arabic alphabet known as Jawi. During the 20th century, Malay written with Roman letters, known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in Malaya ( now part of Malaysia ) and the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) reflected their past history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by Richard Wilkinson was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the system devised by C.A. Van Ophuijsen was influenced by Dutch. As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel in the English word ' moon ' was formerly represented oe, as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to u in 1947 when the Republican Spelling System was used. Similarly, until 1972, the initial consonant of the English ' chin ' was represented in Malaysia as ch, whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used tj. Hence the word for ' grandchild ' used to be written as chuchu in Malaysia and tjoetjoe in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 ( known in Indonesia as Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan or the ' Perfected Spelling ' ) which removed most differences between the two varieties : Malay ch and Indonesian tj became c : hence cucu. Indonesia abandoned the spelling dj ( for the consonant at the beginning of the word ' Jakarta ' ) to conform to the j already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian j for the semivowel at the beginning of the English ' young ', was replaced with y as in Malaysia. Likewise, the velar fricative which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written ' ch ' in Indonesian, became kh in both languages. However, oe was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the first President, Sukarno ( written as Soekarno ), and his successor Suharto, ( written as Soeharto ). The ch and dj letter combinations are still encountered in names such as Achmad and Djojo ( pronounced as Akhmad and Joyo respectively ), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured. Although the representations of speech sounds are now largely identical in the Indonesian and Malay standards, a number of minor spelling differences remain, usually for historical reasons. For instance, the word for ' money ' is written as wang in Malaysia, but uang in Indonesia, the word for ' try ' is written as cuba in Malaysia, but coba in Indonesia, the word for ' because ' is written as kerana in Malaysia, but karena in Indonesia, while the word for ' cake ' is written as kuih in Malaysia, but kue in Indonesia. One notable difference in punctuation between the two languages is the use of different decimal marks ; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the decimal comma, whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the decimal point. Pronunciation Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Brunei and East Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called Bahasa Baku, where the words are pronounced as spelt. and enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced ( and were formerly spelt ) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Sumatra : tujuh is pronounced ( and was spelt ) tujoh, pilih as pileh, etc., and many final a 's tend to be pronounced as schwas ; ( e ) and ( o ) are also allophones of / i / and / u / in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Singaporean and Sumatran varieties of Malay. Vocabulary Vocabulary differences Indonesian differs from Malaysian in the quantity of loanwords from Javanese, Dutch and other languages. For example, the word for ' post office ' in Malaysia is `` pejabat pos '' ( in Indonesia this means ' post officer ' ), whereas in Indonesia it is `` kantor pos '', from the Dutch word for office, kantoor. There are also some Portuguese influences : in Indonesia, Christmas is known as `` Natal '', whereas Malaysia uses `` Krismas '', derived from English ( or in some cases also `` Natal '', due to Indonesian influence ). Pronunciation of some loanwords in Standard Malay follows English, while some in Indonesian follows Dutch, for example Malay `` televisyen '' ( from English : television ) and Indonesian `` televisi '' ( from Dutch : televisie ), the `` - syen '' and `` - si '' also prevail in some other words. There are also instances where the Malaysian version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from Latin. The Latin preference of the ( older ) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical - oriented education when Gymnasium schools were established during the Dutch colonial period : compare Malay kualiti, kuantiti, majoriti, minoriti and universiti with Indonesian kualitas, kuantitas, mayoritas, minoritas and universitas. Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations : while baja means `` steel '' in Indonesian, in Malaysian it means `` fertiliser ''. Also, whereas the Indonesian word butuh means `` require '' or `` need '', in Malaysian, it is a vulgar slang term equivalent to `` cunt / cock ''. Conversely, where the word `` banci '' seems innocuous enough in Malaysia ( `` census '' ), in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for `` transvestite ''. The relatively large share of Islamic ( Arabic or Persian ) loan words shared by Malaysian and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a ( slightly ) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian or in Indonesian, e.g. khidmat, wakil ( see below ). Vocabulary comparison English Malaysian Indonesian abolition pemansuhan penghapusan, abolisi abortion pengguguran aborsi, pengguguran ( of a fetus ) abroad luar negara luar negeri accessibility kebolehcapaian, ketercapaian keterjangkauan, ketercapaian, aksesibilitas account ( bank, bills ) akaun rekening ( from Dutch -- only used in the bank ), akun ( used in all term of account excluding bank account ) accountability kebertanggungjawapan, akauntabliti akuntabilitas, pertanggungjawaban accountant akauntan akuntan accounting perakaunan akuntansi accurate tepat tepat, akurat influenced by Dutch accuraat administration pentadbiran administrasi after selepas, setelah selepas, sesudah, setelah ( also used in Malay to indicate consecutive actions ) afternoon petang sore, petang agent ejen, agen agen air force tentera udara angkatan udara airport lapangan terbang ( ' airfield ' in Indonesian ) bandar udara ( bandara ) Algeria Algeria Aljazair from Arabic al - Jazā'ir alliance perikatan, persekutuan, pakatan aliansi ( influenced by Dutch alliantie ), persekutuan alloy pancalogam, aloi logam paduan, logam campuran, aloi apartment pangsapuri, rumah pangsa, rumah kondo ( only for ' condominium ' ) apartemen ( influenced by Dutch appartement ), rumah susun ( rusun ) ( public housing for poor family ), kondominium application ( software ) perisian penggunaan, aplikasi perangkat lunak, aplikasi architecture seni bina arsitektur ( influenced by Dutch architectuur ) archive arkib arsip from Dutch archief area kawasan daerah, area, kawasan armed forces tentera tentara, angkatan bersenjata army tentera darat angkatan darat assembly majlis, perhimpunan ( from the root verb ' himpun ' meaning ' to gather / assemble ' ) majelis, himpunan, perhimpunan assets aset harta, aset, aktiva ( from Dutch activa ) association persatuan asosiasi ( from Dutch associatie ), persatuan, perkumpulan assumption andaian, anggapan asumsi, anggapan, dugaan astronaut angkasawan antariksawan, astronot Athens Athens Athena ( influenced by Dutch Athene or from native Greek Athina ) athletics ( sport ) olahraga ( ' sport ' in Indonesian ) atletik auction lelong from Portuguese leilão lelang also from Portuguese leilão August Ogos Agustus from Dutch augustus auntie makcik ( also used in Riau Malay dialect in Indonesia ), emak saudara, ibu saudara bibi, tante from Dutch autobiography autobiografi autobiografi, otobiografi is a substandard spelling automatic automatik ( formerly otomatik ) otomatis ( derived from Dutch pronunciation of automatisch ) autonomy autonomi otonomi ( Self - governing ) awkward janggal ; kekok ( of gesture ) aneh, janggal ; canggung, kikuk ( of gesture ) backpack beg sandang ( literally `` sling bag '' ) ransel ( from Dutch ) tas punggung backstage ( of a theater or studio ) belakang tabir belakang layar ( literally `` back screen / behind the screen '' ), belakang panggung bag beg tas from Dutch baseband jalur asas pita dasar basin ( wash basin / sink ) besen wastafel ( from Dutch, lit. washing table ) basket ( ball ) keranjang bola basket basket ( in general ) bakul keranjang because kerana, sebab karena, sebab bed katil matras influenced by Dutch matras, tempat tidur, ranjang, kasur Belgium Belgium Belgia influenced by Dutch België Belgrade Belgrade Beograd belt ( of a seat ) tali keledar sabuk bicycle basikal sepeda ( influenced by French velocipede ) bill ( legislation ) rang undang - undang rancangan undang - undang, legislasi billboard papan iklan baliho supposedly from English ballyhoo ( in English it means extravagant publicity or fuss ) papan iklan, papan reklame from Dutch reclame ( advertisement ) billion seribu juta, bilion miliar ( from Dutch miljard ) binary perduaan biner ( from Dutch binaire ) bishop biskop, bisyop uskup board ( company ) lembaga ' agency ' in Indonesian dewan bonnet, hood ( of a car ) bonet, bumbung, hud kap from Dutch boot, trunk ( of a car ) but bagasi Britain Britain Britania ( influenced by Dutch Brittannië ) Brussels Brussels Brussel ( influenced by Dutch ) Bucharest Bucharest Bukarest bucket ; pail baldi ember from Dutch emmer bus bas bus, bis substandard, influenced by Dutch pronunciation bus station stesen bas terminal bus bus stop perhentian bas pemberhentian bus, halte bus from Dutch bushalte business perniagaan, bisnes perniagaan ( less commonly used ), bisnis Cairo Kaherah from Arabic Al - Qahirah Kairo Cambodia Kemboja Kamboja Cameroon Cameroon Kamerun camp kem kamp ( reflects Dutch pronunciation ) campaign kempen kampanye ( from Dutch campagne ( a French loanword ) ) can ( to be able ) boleh, dapat bisa, dapat, cancer kanser, barah kanker from Dutch capacitor pemuat, kapasitor kondensator, kapasitor capital city ibu negara ibu kota car kereta ( means carriage in Indonesian, commonly used as a shorthand for kereta api, which means train. Malay followed English derivation of car which was a contraction of horseless carriage ) mobil ( from Dutch / mid-English automobile ) card kad kartu from Dutch kaart career kerjaya, karier karier Caribbean Caribbean Karibia carrot lobak merah wortel from Dutch case kes kasus, hal cash wang tunai uang tunai, kas cashier juruwang kasir, from Dutch kassier juru uang ( rare ) cavalry pasukan berkuda pasukan berkuda, kavaleri cement simen semen censor tapisan ( means `` filter '' in Indonesian ) sensor census banci ( means `` transvestite '' in Indonesian ) sensus, cacah, Banci ( never been used in Indonesia, available in Indonesian Dictionary KBBI ) centipede lipan kelabang, lipan central pusat pusat, sentral, tengah chaos ( theory ) teori kekacauan teori kekacauan chilli cili, lada ( ' pepper ' in Indonesian ), cabai ( used in the northern states of Malaysia ) cabai, lombok China China Tionghoa ( standard term for Chinese people ), Tiongkok ( Republik Rakyat Tiongkok : official name of the People 's Republic of China ), Cina ( standard, still in common use but discouraged due to possible racist connotations. See Shina for further information. ), China ( substandard ) Christmas Krismas, Natal Natal from Portuguese cinema panggung wayang bergambar ( more popularly abbreviated as pawagam ), panggung wayang bioskop from Dutch bioscoop circuit litar sirkuit city bandar, bandaraya big city, kota kota, bandar ( a city in the sea shore or port city in Indonesian ) civil awam ( In Indonesian, it means `` not expert '' ), sivil sipil claim tuntutan ( means `` sue '' in Indonesian ) klaim clarification penjernihan ( to make something, e.g. water, clear in Indonesian ) klarifikasi, penjelasan clause ( legal ) fasal ( equivalent term in Indonesian is pasal ) ayat, klausul club ( association ) kelab klub, perkumpulan infrequent coach ( carriage ) koc gerbong coat kot jas from Dutch jas cockroach lipas lipas, kecoa from the Chinese Min Nan ka chuah college kolej, maktab kampus, kolese, kolegium Cologne Cologne Köln, Koeln Colombia Colombia Kolombia comment ulasan, komen ulasan ( can be including review, interpretation and comment ), komentar ( from Dutch commentaar ) commission suruhanjaya komisi ( from Dutch commissie ) commissioner pesuruhjaya komisaris ( from Dutch commissaris ), komisioner committee jawatankuasa komite panitia commonwealth komanwel persemakmuran Comoros Comoros Komoro company syarikat perusahaan, firma, maskapai ( from Dutch maatschappij -- almost exclusively used to refer to airline companies, i.e. maskapai penerbangan ) compiler penyusun penyusun, kompilator complaint aduan aduan, keluhan, komplain conclusion kesimpulan ; konklusi ( rare ) kesimpulan, konklusi ( from Dutch conclusie ) condensation pemeluwapan, pengembunan, pencecairan kondensasi ( from Dutch condensatie ), pengembunan conference persidangan konferensi ( from Dutch conferentie ), sidang confirmation pengesahan konfirmasi, pengesahan of a document, kepastian of a decision conflict pertikaian konflik, pertentangan, pertikaian Congo Congo Kongo conservation ( movement ) pemuliharaan ; konservasi ( rare ) konservasi, pelestarian ( of animals and plants ) constitution of a country perlembagaan undang - undang dasar ( influenced by Dutch grondwet ( `` basic law '' ) ), konstitusi ( from Dutch constitutie ) construction pembinaan pembangunan ( of building ), pembinaan ( of moral ), konstruksi ( from Dutch constructie ) consumption perbelanjaan konsumsi ( from Dutch consumptie ), pemakaian, penggunaan contamination pencemaran pencemaran, kontaminasi continuous selanjar berkesinambungan, berlanjut, kontinu conversion penukaran ( mean `` exchange '' in Indonesia ) konversi ( from Dutch conversie ), perubahan corporation perbadanan korporasi ( from Dutch corporatie ), badan usaha, perusahaan corruption rasuah ; korupsi ( rare ) korupsi ( from Dutch corruptie ), rasuah ( non-standard ) Costa Rica Costa Rica Kosta Rika counter kaunter loket from Dutch, konter / kaunter non-standard country negara negara, negeri in Malaysia, negeri usually refers to a state within a federation court mahkamah pengadilan, mahkamah cracker keropok kerupuk criminal jenayah penjahat, kriminal, ahli pidana ( ahli pidana is criminal law expert ) Croatia Croatia Kroasia crucial genting krusial, penting, genting Cuba Cuba Kuba cupboard almari ( from Portuguese armário ) lemari also from armário current ( adjective, of time ) semasa saat ini, kini, terkini, aktual ( from Dutch actueel ) current affairs hal ehwal semasa aktualitas, peristiwa terkini curtain langsir ( In Indonesian, langsir is train wagon arrangement. ), tirai tirai, gorden ( from Dutch gordijn ) customs ( authority ) kastam pabean refers to the administrative institution, bea dan cukai ( bea - cukai ) lit. tariff - and - tax, duty cute comel imut, menggemaskan, lucu Cyprus Cyprus Siprus Czech Republic Republik Czech ( Republik ) Ceko dandruff kelemumur ketombe December Disember Desember ( influenced by Dutch december ) decimal perpuluhan ( In Indonesian, perpuluhan means tithe. ) desimal ( from Dutch decimale ), persepuluhan ( rare ) decree dekri surat keputusan, dekrit ( from Dutch decreet ) degree ( of temperature ) darjah derajat delicious, tasty lazat, sedap, enak lezat, enak, sedap democratic demokratik demokratis ( from Dutch demokratisch note : `` democratic republic '' ( in country names ) translates as republik demokratik, such as in Republik Demokratik Kongo ( Democratic Republic of the Congo ) ) department jabatan ( ' occupation ' in Indonesian ) departemen, jurusan ( for department in university ) departure pelepasan keberangkatan, kepergian depression ( psychological ) kemurungan ( In Indonesian, kemurungan means `` sadness ''. ) depresi ( from Dutch depressie ) deputy timbalan wakil, deputi, timbalan ( rare ) design reka bentuk desain, kerangka bentuk, rancangan detail terperinci detail, detil ( substandard ), perincian, rinci ( substandard ) dialect loghat dialek, logat detection pengesana pelacakan, deteksi different -- difference beza, berbeza -- perbezaan beda, berbeda -- perbedaan diocese kawasan uskup, keuskupan keuskupan director pengarah direktur from Dutch ( and French ) directeur, sutradara ( of a film ) from Sanskrit ( through Javanese ), pengarah ( for an event ) discount diskaun, rebat, potongan harga diskon, rabat, potongan harga, korting from Dutch, less frequent discussion perbincangan, diskusi pembicaraan, perbincangan, diskusi ( from Dutch discussie ) disinfectant penyahjangkit disinfektan, sucihama domestic dalam negara dalam negeri, domestik driver pemandu means guide in Indonesian sopir from French chauffeur through Dutch, pengemudi formal driver 's license ( U.S. ) driving licence ( UK ) lesen memandu surat izin mengemudi ( SIM ) drugs ( illegal ) dadah ( colloquial use in Indonesia means `` goodbye ''. ) narkoba ( an acronym for NARKotika dan OBat - obatan terlArang ( narcotics and illegal drugs ) ), NAPZA ( less frequent -- an acronym for NArkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat - zat Adiktif ( narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive chemical substances ) ) Dutch East Indies Hindia Timur Belanda Hindia - Belanda duty ( economics ) duti, cukai bea, cukai e-mail e-mel surel ( standard, shortened of surat elektronik ( electronic mail ) ), email ( rarely used in everyday spelling, often used on online spelling ( e.g. website - based registration or social account ) ) Easter Easter, Paskah strictly used for Jewish Passover Paskah from Portuguese Pascoa Ecuador Ecuador Ekuador editor penyunting editor, penyunting, redaktur ( from French rédacteur through Dutch -- refers to editors of mass printed media ) editorial ( board ) kakitangan editorial redaksi ( from Dutch redactie ), editorial effectiveness keberkesanan keampuhan, keefektifan, efektivitas ( from Dutch effectiviteit ) efficiency kecekapan efisiensi, kedayagunaan, kemangkusan Eid ul - Fitr Hari Raya Aidilfitri Hari Raya Idulfitri -- Idul Fitri substandard spelling, but common, Lebaran colloquial -- from Javanese eight lapan used as colloquial abbreviation in Indonesian delapan used in Malaysia before the spelling reform elasticity ( economy ) keanjalan bingkas, elastisitas electricity tenaga elektrik lit. electric energy listrik, kelistrikan, setrum ( from Dutch stroom ) embargo ( political ) sekatan ( In Indonesian, it means `` obstacle '' or `` room which separated with partition '' ) boikot, embargo emergency kecemasan ( used for anxiety or `` too anxious '' ( condition ) in Indonesian. ) darurat ( from Arabic -- also used in Malaysia to express a state of emergency ), kegawatan emperor maharaja kaisar ( from Dutch keizer ), maharaja ( from Sanskrit ) empire empayar kekaisaran, imperium enamel enamel email ( from Dutch emaille ) energy tenaga energi, tenaga ( for `` power '' ) engine enjin mesin, motor sub-standard England negeri Inggeris Inggris eraser getah pemadam penghapus erosion hakisan pengikisan, erosi ( from Dutch erosie ) escalator tangga gerak tangga berjalan, eskalator estimation jangkaan, anggaran perkiraan, dugaan, estimasi Europe Eropah Eropa, Europa ( substandard ) evacuation pemindahan ( In Indonesian, it means `` translocation '' or `` relocation ''. ) pengungsian, evakuasi ( from Dutch evacuatie ) evaluation penilaian penilaian, evaluasi ( from Dutch evaluatie ) evening teja sore petang excess lebihan kelebihan, berlebihan, ekses excretion perkumuhan ekskresi, pembuangan kotoran execution ( death sentence ) hukuman mati eksekusi ( from Dutch executie ), ( peng ) hukuman mati exhaust ( pipe ) ekzos knalpot ( from Dutch, in which it also means `` muffler '' ) exploration penjelajahan, eksplorasi eksplorasi, penjelajahan export eksport ekspor expose pendedahan paparan, ekspos, pendedahan extinct pupus padam ( of flame or light ), punah ( of species ), pupus ( loss of hope ) faculty fakulti fakultas, fakulteit ( obsolete, from Dutch ) facility kemudahan, fasiliti kemudahan, fasilitas faction ( politics ) puak faksi, fraksi from Dutch fractie factory kilang ( ' refinery ' in Indonesian ) pabrik from Dutch fabriek federal persekutuan federal federation persekutuan ( related to `` alliance '' in Indonesian ) federasi from Dutch federatie, serikat fermentation fermentasi, peragian fermentasi, peragian, penapaian financial kewangan keuangan, finansial from Dutch financieel Finland Finland Finlandia firefighter squad bomba pemadam kebakaran ( lit. fire extinguisher ), branwir ( from Dutch brandweer ( fire defense ) ) flash drive pemacu kilat flash drive, penggerak kilat floor, level ( storey ) tingkat may be used in Indonesian to express the number of storeys / levels a building has, e.g. a 5 - storey building = gedung bertingkat 5, or to emphasize British floor numbering, e.g. tingkat satu means first floor ( UK ), second floor ( US ) in both languages, aras ( used to emphasize American floor numbering, e.g. aras dua = tingkat satu lantai also refers to floor as ground surface in both languages, emphasizes American floor numbering, tingkat emphasizes British floor numbering, e.g. lantai dua = tingkat satu football bola sepak sepakbola form ( document ) borang formulir from Dutch formulier, borang ( substandard ) free ( of charge ) percuma in Indonesian means `` worthless '' gratis from Dutch, cuma - cuma, cecuma ( substandard ) fungus kulat, fungus fungi ( commonly has got misconception as : jamur ) furniture perabot rumah, perkakas rumah ( In Indonesian, perkakas means equipment. mebel from Dutch meubelen, perabot rumah tangga, furnitur fusion pelakuran fusi, penggabungan, peleburan gangster samseng geng, preman from Dutch vrijman ( lit. free - man ), gangster from English garage garaj garasi influenced by Dutch pronunciation garrison garrison garnisun from Dutch garnizoen gear gear roda gigi influenced by Dutch tandwiel, literally `` tooth wheel '' gearbox kotak gear persneling from Dutch versnelling, girboks, transmisi general ( military ) jeneral jenderal from Dutch generaal ginger halia jahe Global Positioning System Sistem Kedudukan Sejagat Sistem Pemosisian Global goal keeper penjaga gol / penjaga gawang kiper, penjaga gawang golf club ( stick ) kayu golf stik golf, pemukul golf, tongkat golf government kerajaan derived from raja ( king ) -- used in Malaysia and Brunei -- in Indonesian means `` kingdom '' pemerintah derived from perintah ( order / instruction ) -- also used in Singapore, which, like Singapore, is a republic governor gabenor, Yang di - Pertua Negeri ( in Malaysian states ) gubernur from Dutch gouverneur gradation pemeringkatan gradasi, pemberian tingkat ( pemeringkatan ) graduate siswazah, sarjana lulusan, sarjana grandfather datuk kakek Greece Greece of recent use, Yunani Yunani from Arabic Yūnān يُونَان gross financial kasar bruto from Dutch, kasar group sekumpulan, kumpulan kelompok, grup from Dutch pronunciation of groep, ( per ) kumpulan, ( per ) himpunan guarantee jaminan jaminan, garansi from Dutch pronunciation of garantie half past one pukul satu setengah ( one thirty ) pukul setengah dua ( thirty to two ) hammer tukul palu, martil from Portugue martelo head office ibu pejabat `` ibu '' also means `` mother '' or `` ma'am '' in both languages. kantor pusat `` kantor '' -- from Dutch kantoor ( office ) headscarf, hijab tudung kerudung, jilbab though these words have different meaning healthy sihat sehat herb herba jamu often understood as traditional potion made from rhizomes, also means `` guest '' ( `` tamu '' ) and `` treat the guest '' ( `` menjamu '' )., herbal hexadecimal perenambelasan heksadesimal hospital hospital rumah sakit influenced by Dutch ziekenhuis ( `` house of the sick '' ) -- This term is still used in Brunei, but in Malaysia, `` hospital '' has replaced the term completely since the 1960s. Hungary Hungary Hungaria, Hongaria substandard, influenced by Dutch Hongarije hybrid ( biology ) kacukan blasteran, hibrida saya, aku saya, aku, gue / gua ( slang ; from Chinese dialects `` ua '' ) ice ais es Iceland Iceland Islandia image citra, imej ( of reputation ), gambar ( pictorial image ) citra ( of reputation ), gambar ( pictorial image ) imagination imaginasi imajinasi immigration imigresen imigrasi from Dutch immigratie import import impor impotence mati pucuk, impotensi, lemah syahwat impotensi from Dutch impotentie, lemah syahwat colloquial impotent kemandulan impotensi, kemandulan incineration penunuan pembakaran, insinerasi Indian Ocean Lautan Hindi Samudra Hindia inductor peraruh, induktor ( rare ) induktor information maklumat informasi, from Dutch informatie, maklumat ( `` announcement '', `` knowledge '' ), penerangan injection suntikan suntikan, injeksi ink dakwat from Arabic tinta from Dutch tinte, dawat ( archaic ) installment ( payment ) ansuran angsuran, cicilan instant segera ( means `` soon '' in Indonesia ) seketika, instan insurance insurans asuransi from Dutch assurantie intelligence ( spying ) risikan ( means ' secret investigation ' in Indonesia ) intelijen, tilik sandi international antarabangsa internasional, antarnegara, ( sometimes used : mancanegara from Javanese meaning : foreign land ) internet café kafe internet, kafe cyber warnet an acronym for `` WARung interNET '' ( internet shop / café ) intervention campur tangan, intervensi campur tangan, intervensi introspection kaji diri, introspeksi ( rare ) introspeksi, mawas diri invasion penyerangan, penjajahan ( means colonialism in Indonesian ), invasi invasi, penaklukan investment pelaburan investasi, penanaman modal Iraq Iraq Irak Ireland Ireland Irlandia irrigation pengairan irigasi, pengairan Italy Itali Italia from Italian Japan Jepun from Chinese dialect Jepang, Jepun ( archaic ) Jordan ( country ) Jordan Yordania from Dutch Jordanië journalist wartawan wartawan, jurnalis July Julai Juli from Dutch juli June Jun Juni from Dutch juni ketchup kicap ( Indonesian equivalent, kecap, means soy sauce. ) saus tomat from French sauce tomate lane lorong ( mean alley in Indonesian ) lajur lawyer peguam advokat from Dutch advocaat, pengacara ( means ' master of ceremony ' in Malay. ), peguam ( rare ) Lebanon Lubnan from Arabic Lebanon, Libanon influenced by Dutch legislative perundangan ( In Indonesian, it means legislation. ), legislatif legislatif liability liabiliti kewajiban licence lesen izin, lisensi from Dutch licentie lieutenant leftenan ( influenced by British English pronunciation ) letnan lift, elevator lif lift liquidity ( economy ) kecairan likuiditas Lisbon Lisbon Lisboa from Portuguese, Lisabon influenced by Dutch Lissabon list senarai daftar, senarai local tempatan lokal, setempat Luxembourg Luxembourg Luksemburg influenced by Dutch / German Luxemburg Macau Macau Makau Macedonia, Republic of Republik Macedonia Republik Makedonia magistrate majistret hakim from Arabic حَكِم -- used in Malaysian to refer to judges, magistrat less common Maldives Maldives Maladewa male lelaki, laki - laki, jantan ( for animals, depending on the context, it can mean masculine or used as a derogatory term on men ) laki - laki, pria, lelaki, jantan ( on animals, used on men to describe masculinity ) malfunction kerosakan, malfungsi, pincang tugas kerusakan, malafungsi malpractice penyelewengan ( mean `` misappropriation '' in Indonesian ) malapraktik management pengurusan manajemen, pengurusan manager pengurus manajer, pengurus manufacturing pengilangan manufaktur March ( month ) Mac Maret influenced by Dutch maart mass jisim massa, kelembaman ( inertia ) mathematics matematik, ilmu hisab matematika, ilmu hitung, ilmu hisab only used in Islamic text book matter jirim materi mattress tilam kasur, matras, tilam mean ( verb ) bererti berarti mediation pengantaraan ( In Indonesian, it means `` broking '' ) penengah, mediasi medicine ubat obat memory card kad ingatan / kad memori kartu memori mental arithmetic congak aritmetika cepat, congak Mexico Mexico Meksiko mile batu ( mean `` stone '' in Indonesian ) mil military tentera, ketenteraan, militari militer ( from French militaire through Dutch militair ), kemiliteran, ketentaraan minibus bas mini bis mini, minibus minute minit menit mobile phone, cellphone telefon bimbit telepon seluler ( ponsel ), telepon genggam, handphone ( HP ) ( colloquial ) Monaco Monaco Monako Monday Isnin Senin money wang, duit uang, duit ( colloquial ) Morocco Maghribi from Arabic Maroko mortgage gadai janji hipotek from Dutch hypotheek, gadai Moscow Moscow Moskwa, Moskow motorcycle motosikal sepeda motor lit. `` motorized bicycle '' -- influenced by Dutch motorfiets, motor ( informal ) Mozambique Mozambique Mozambik Mrs. Puan Ibu, Nyonya ( Ny. ) music muzik musik naked bogel, telanjang telanjang, bugil ( colloquial ) natural semulajadi alami, natural navigation pandu arah, navigasi navigasi navy tentera laut angkatan laut negotiation perundingan perundingan, negosiasi network rangkaian ( means series in Indonesian ) jaringan, jejaring New Zealand New Zealand Selandia Baru newspaper surat khabar coined from two Arabic words : ṣūrat -- صورة / صورت ( form, appearance ) and khabar خبر ( news ) surat kabar ( more formal -- lit. news letter ), koran ( from French courant through Dutch, become Krant in modern Dutch, but Koerant in Afrikaans ) Nicosia Nicosia Nikosia nil nil nol from Dutch nul noisy bising, kecoh in Indonesian means `` disturb '' or `` distract '', memekak berisik, ribut, ramai, bising Norway Norway Norwegia number nombor angka, nomor -- nomer substandard spelling from Dutch / German nummer nurse jururawat perawat, suster from Dutch zuster ocean lautan samudra, lautan Oceania Oceania Oseania octal perlapanan oktal office pejabat kantor ( from Dutch kantoor ) officer pegawai, kaki tangan ( a negative connotation usually means accomplice in criminal activity in Indonesian ) pejabat official ( adj. ) rasmi ( from Arabo - Persian rasmi رَسمِي ) resmi ( also from rasmi ) Olympic Olimpik Olimpiade opposition pembangkang opposisi, pembangkang ( in mean of `` defiance '' ) option pilihan, opsyen ( rare ) pilihan, opsi orange ( colour ) jingga, oren jingga, oranye ( from Dutch oranje ) orange ( fruit ) oren, limau jeruk, limau order order, perintah perintah, orde ( from Dutch ) organization pertubuhan, organisasi organisasi oscillation ayunan osilasi, ayunan oven ketuhar oven Pacific Ocean Lautan Pasifik, Lautan Teduh Samudra Pasifik, Lautan Pasifik Palestine Palestin Palestina papaya ( buah ) betik ( buah ) pepaya Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua Nugini parallel selari parallel parliament parlimen parlemen ( from Franco - Dutch parlement ) party ( political ) parti partai ( from Dutch partij ) passport pasport paspor patient pesakit In Indonesian, this means convict pasien patrol ronda patroli ( for police and military ) ( from Dutch patrolie ), ronda ( for civilian ) pavement, sidewalk jalan pinggir, jalur jalan untuk pejalan kaki, laluan jalan kaki, kaki lima ( In Indonesia, it is used in pedagang kaki lima ( street vendor ). ) trotoar ( from Franco - Dutch trottoir ) penis zakar from Arabic ذَكَر `` male '' - this word is extremely vulgar in Indonesian, `` buah zakar '' means testicles, batang lelaki, konek ( slang ) penis ( formal ), zakarfrom Arabic, less frequent, pelir, alat kelamin laki - laki ( euphemism ), kemaluan lelaki ( euphemism ), burung ( vulgar ), titit ( children 's slang like `` pee - pee '' ), kontol ( slang, extremely vulgar ) percent peratus persen, perseratus perfume haruman, minyak wangi parfum from Dutch, minyak wangi, pengharum periodic berkala periodik, berkala Persia Parsi Persia pharmacy farmasi apotek ( from Dutch apotheek ), farmasi ( usually for medicine manufacturers ) photograph gambar ( In Indonesian, it means `` picture '' or `` figure ''. ), foto foto ( literally means photo ) physics fizik ( Indonesian equivalent term, fisik, is used for term physical, e.g. aktivitas fisik ( physical activity ). ) fisika pickpocket noun penyeluk saku copet ( contraction of colong dompet - wallet thief ), pencopet pig, swine khinzir from Arabic خِنْزِير ( khin - zeer ) babi pipe paip pipa pirate ( maritime ) lanun bajak laut, perompak ( perompak in Malay, means `` robber '' ), lanun ( archaic ) platform ( train ) platform peron from Dutch perron Poland Poland Polandia police polis ( mean `` insurance policy '' ( polis asuransi ) in Indonesian ) polisi from Dutch politie pollution pencemaran pencemaran, polusi portion sebahagian porsi, sebagian ( a portion of... ) post code poskod kode pos potential keupayaan potensial, daya berkemampuan Prague Prague Praha ( also used in Malay ) prayer ( Islam ) solat, sembahyang salat ( standard ), shalat, sholat ( from Arabic, ' sh ' is usually pronounced as ' s ' ), sembahyang prayer room ( Islam ) surau surau, musala, mushollah ( from Arabic, ' sh ' is usually pronounced as ' s ' ) precipitation ( meteorology ) kerpasan curah hujan, presipitasi prediction ramalan prediksi, ramalan, prakiraan ( not perkiraan estimation ) pregnant mengandung, hamil ( formal, from Arabic حَامِل ), berbadan dua lit. `` two bodied '', bunting for animals mengandung ( formal ), hamil ( colloquial ), berbadan dua ( poetic ), bunting ( informal ) premature pramatang prematur, dini Preparation Penyediaan Persiapan preposition kata sendi naman preposisi, kata depan press media massa, surat khabar ( see above ) pers ( from Dutch ), media massa Private Limited Company Sendirian Berhad abbreviated as Sdn Bhd ( suffix ), `` sendirian '' alone means `` alone '' Perseroan Terbatas abbreviated as PT ( prefix ) privatization penswastaan privatisasi, swastanisasi, penswastaan producer produsen produsen, penghasil product keluaran produk ( from English and Dutch product ), hasil, keluaran more specific term for outcome programming ( computer ) pemrograman pemrograman property harta properti propulsion perejangan propulsi, pendorong, penggerak prostitute pelacur, perempuan sundal ( vulgar ) pelacur, Wanita Tuna Susila ( WTS ) ( Sanskrit, pronounced ' way - tay - es ', i.e. `` moral-less women '' ), Pekerja Seks Komersial ( PSK ) ( formal, pronounced ' pay - es - ka ' ( commercial sex workers ) ), perek ( slang ) prostitution pelacuran prostitusi, pelacuran province wilayah ( used in Indonesian to mean ' area ' ), daerah ( used in Indonesian to mean ' area ' ) provinsi ( from Dutch provincie ) publication penerbitan penerbitan, publikasi, terbitan pulse denyut denyut, pulsa push, to ( door ) tolak ( It used as in tolak peluru ( shot put ) in Indonesian for this contex, used less primarily in Indonesian to mean ' subtract ', it also means ' to refuse / reject ', also common meaning in Malay when used in arithmetics ) dorong ( means `` to push '' in Malay, but often used to mean `` to support '' ) queue ( line ) barisan ( mean line `` formation '' in Indonesian ) antre rabbit arnab ( from Arabic ) kelinci Random - Access Memory ( RAM ) Ingatan Capaian Rawak Memori Akses Acak rape rogol perkosa raspberry rasberi frambus, frambosen ( from Dutch framboos ) ratio nisbah rasio, nisbah, perbandingan Read - Only Memory ( ROM ) Ingatan Baca Sahaja Memori Hanya Baca real estate hartanah realestat, properti tanah receipt resit, penerimaan kuitansi, kwitansi ( substandard, from Dutch kwitantie ), resi, bon from Dutch, struk recession ( economy ) kemelesetan ( In Indonesian, it means `` mishit '' ) resesi, kelesuan ( ekonomi ) reclamation tebus guna reklamasi recruitment pergerakan ( In Indonesian, it means `` movement ''. ), pengambilan ( In Indonesian, it means `` taking ''. ) perekrutan, rekrutmen refraction pembiasan pembiasan, refraksi refrigerator peti sejuk lit. cool box ( rarely used in Indonesian ) lemari es, lemari pendingin, kulkas ( from Dutch koelkast ) religion agama, ugama ( widely used before the 80s ) agama, kepercayaan renovation pengubahsuaian renovasi, pembaruan, pembaharuan reproduction pembiakan reproduksi, pembiakan ( also mean breeding ) research kajian ( mean research or investigation result in Indonesian ) penelitian, riset responsibility tanggungjawab tanggung jawab, pertanggungjawaban resistor perintang resistor, hambatan, perintang restaurant kedai makan lit. `` eating shop '', restoran rumah makan lit. `` eating house '', warung makan lit. `` eating café '', restoran retailing peruncitan ritel, eceran ring ( mathematics ) gelanggang ring, gelanggang rob rompak ( Indonesian for `` to commit piracy '' ) rampok, rampas Rome Rom Roma room bilik ( usually used to mean `` compartment '' in Indonesian ) kamar ( from Dutch kamer ), ruang ( Javanese, for storage areas etc. ) roundabout ( traffic ) bulatan e.g. Bulatan DBP in Kuala Lumpur pusing keliling ( in Brunei ) bundaran e.g. Bundaran HI in Jakarta routing penghalaan routing penghalaan royal diraja kerajaan ( in Malaysia and Brunei means `` kingdom '' or `` government '' ) rubber getah may also mean gum or sap or resin in both languages, also figure of speech for `` cause of bad deed '' karet rumour khabar angin, desas - desus rumor, desas - desus, kabar angin, kabar burung salty masin asin Sanskrit Sanskrit Sanskerta sauce sos saus sausage sosej sosis ( from Dutch saucijs ) scenario senario skenario school ( Islamic ) sekolah pondok madrasah, pesantren, pondok pesantren science sains ilmu ( from Arabic ' ilm ) ( alam ), sains ( especially for `` natural science '' ) Scotland Scotland Skotlandia secret rahsia rahasia secretary setiausaha Indonesian lit. `` loyal to work '' sekretaris ( from Dutch secretaris ) section seksyen, bahagian seksi ( from Dutch sectie ), bagian sensor penderia, pengesan, sensor sensor, pendeteksi server ( computing ) pelayan peladen session sesyen, sesi sesi ( from Dutch sessie ) sewer saluran najis `` najis '' means dirty in both languages, saluran kumbahan selokan, parit ( means ' ditch ' in Malay ), got, saluran air / pembuangan sexagesimal perenampuluhan seksagesimal shampoo syampu ( from Anglo - Indian / Hindustani chāmpo, the imperative form of ( Hindi ) चाँप्ना chāmpnā ' to smear, knead the muscles, massage ' ) sampo share berkongsi ( In Indonesian, it means `` creating trading company '' or `` ploting something bad ''. ) berbagi shirt baju ( also in Indonesian but more generally refers to clothes ) kaos, kemeja ( from Portuguese camisa, implies collared shirt ) shoe kasut generalized term for any footwear in Indonesian, but usually related to sandals or ancient shoes., sepatu sepatu ( understood but less frequently used in Malaysia, from Portuguese sapato ) shop kedai ( Means eateries stall in Indonesia ) toko shopping mall pusat beli - belah mal, pusat perbelanjaan site laman, tapak ( mean foundation ( building ) or footprint in Indonesia ) situs, laman Slovakia Slovakia Slowakia snow salji ( from Arabic thalj ) salju ( also from thalj ) sodomy liwat ( from Arabic ) sodomi, liwat ( only used in Islamic text book ) solar solar, suria ( from Sanskrit ' surya ' ) surya solution penyelesaian ; solusi ( rare ) solusi, pemecahan, penyelesaian sour masam asam, masam ( poetic, usually used in connotative expression : bermuka masam : sour faced ( unsatisfied / unhappy expression ) ) soya beans kacang soya ( kacang ) kedelai Spain Sepanyol Spanyol speak / talk berbicara, bercakap ( means ' to chat ' in Indonesian ), bersembang, berborak berbicara, ngomong ( Javanese ngoko, colloquial ) specialist perubatan, pakar spesialis ( in case of specialist doctor ), pakar in general, it means expert spoon sudu sendok sport sukan olahraga ( means `` athletics '' Malay, from Sanskrit, lit. `` to train the body '' ) spouse pasangan suami - isteri, kelamin colloquial, in Indonesian means `` sex '' or `` gender '' pasangan ( suami - istri ), suami - istri ( husband - wife ) stability kestabilan stabilitas, kestabilan stadium stadium stadion, stadiun from Dutch staff kakitangan ( phrase `` kaki tangan '' mean subordinate with negative image in Indonesian ) staff, personil from Dutch personeel, pegawai stamp setem perangko standard piawai, standard standar patokan starfish tapak Sulaiman bintang laut state ( within a federation ) negeri negara bagian station stesen stasiun ( formerly spelled `` setasiun '' ) steering wheel roda stereng roda setir from Dutch stuur stop ( verb ) berhenti berhenti, henti, stop strawberry strawberi stroberi, arbei from Dutch aardbei stupid bodoh, bengap, tolol, bangang, bongok ( slang ) bodoh, dungu, tolol, goblok ( slang ), very demeaning in Malay, geblek ( slang ), bego ( slang ) sublimation ( phase transition ) pemejalwapan sublimasi, penyubliman Sunday Ahad Minggu from Portuguese Domingo which means Lord 's Day, Ahad ( only used in Islamic calendar sunglasses cermin mata gelap ( In Indonesia, cermin means `` mirror ''. ) kacamata hitam ( lit. black glasses ), kacamata riben ( from American brand of sunglasses ' Ray - Ban ' ) supermarket pasar raya supermarket, pasar swalayan supervision penyeliaan pengawasan, penyeliaan, supervisi survey tinjauan ( mean process or result of observation in Indonesian ), kaji selidik survei suspend ( hang ) menggantung ( it means ' hang ' in Indonesian ) menangguhkan ( also ' adjourn ' in Malay ) Sweden Sweden Swedia Switzerland Switzerland Swiss Syria Syria Suriah ( from Arabic ) table ( set of facts or figures ) jadual ( Indonesian equivalent, jadwal, means `` schedule ''. ) tabel tank kereta kebal tank tap water air paip ( piped water ) air keran ( from Dutch Kraan ), air ledeng ( `` ledeng '' also means `` plumbing '', from Dutch `` leiding '' ) tapioca ubi kayu as in Indonesian, understood as the tuber cassava itself ( tepung ) tapioka, tepung singkong taxi teksi taksi teacher cikgu, guru guru teacher ( religious, Islam ) ustaz, ustad ( ultimately from Persian اُستَاذ ), ustadzah female ustad, ustadzah team pasukan used in Indonesian to refer to squad ( military ) tim telephone telefon ( formerly talipon ) telepon television televisyen, TV televisi ( from Dutch televisie ), TV terrorist pengganas ( means rioter '' in Indonesian ) teroris terrorism pengganasan terorisme testicles buah zakar, testis, buah keranjut testis, biji kemaluan, buah zakar ( slang, vulgar ), kanjut ( slang, vulgar ) Thailand Negara Thai, Siam, Thailand Thailand, Siam, Muangthai used in old scripts The Hague The Hague Den Haag ( from Dutch ) ticket tiket tiket, karcis ( from Dutch kaartje ) time masa, waktu waktu from Arabic الوقت ( al - Waqt ), masa ( can be used for ' at a specific long period of time ' in Indonesian ) tire ( US ) / tyre ( UK ) tayar ban ( from Dutch ( auto ) band ) tofu tauhu tahu toilet bilik air, tandas toilet, kamar kecil, WC ( pronounced ' we - se ' ) for watercloset tornado puting beliung puting beliung, angin puyuh, tornado toothpaste ubat gigi pasta gigi, odol towel tuala ( from Portuguese toalha ) handuk ( from Dutch handdoek ) traffic jam kesesakan lalulintas, jam ( slang ) kemacetan, macet traffic light lampu isyarat ( In Indonesian, isyarat means sign. ) lampu lalu - lintas train kereta api, tren kereta ( api ) transport, transportation pengangkutan transportasi, pengangkutan, perhubungan ( in case of Ministry of Transportation ) transsexual pondan, bapok ( slang ), transseksual transseksual, waria ( polite ) a shortened form of wanita - pria, bencong, banci tree pokok in Indonesian means `` principal '' or `` core '' or `` staple '', in Sundanese poko means authentic, e.g. authentic cuisine, pohon pohon try cuba coba turkey ( bird ) ayam belanda ( ayam ) kalkun ( from Dutch kalkoen ) turn pusing ( means ' to spin ' in Indonesian, commonly used to mean dizzy as a short form of kepala pusing ), belok belok, putar ugly hodoh, teruk, buruk jelek, buruk Ukraine Ukraine Ukraina uncle pakcik paman, oom, om ( derived from Dutch, pronounced and sometimes spelt as oom ) union kesatuan ( in Indonesian means `` unitary '' ) persatuan, uni, serikat United Arab Emirates Emiriah Arab Bersatu Uni Emirat Arab United Kingdom United Kingdom Inggris Raya United Nations Pertubuhan Bangsa - Bangsa Bersatu Perserikatan Bangsa - Bangsa United States of America ( USA ) United States ( US ) Amerika Syarikat Amerika Serikat ( AS ) university universiti universitas until sehingga ( mean thus in Indonesian ), sampai hingga, sampai vagina faraj ( from Arabic, in Indonesian means `` vulva '' ), pepek / pepet ( slang ) alat kelamin wanita, liang peranakan, vagina, farji, memek ( slang, vulgar ), pepek ( slang, vulgar ) variable ( mathematics ) pemboleh ubah variabel, peubah Vatican City Vatican City ( Kota ) Vatikan Venice Venice Venesia ( influenced by Dutch Venetië ) verb kata kerja kata kerja ( influenced by Dutch werkwoord, literally `` work word '' ), verba verification pengesahan ( mean `` validation '' in Indonesian ) verifikasi very sangat, amat, sekali sangat, amat, sekali, banget ( from Javanese ngoko ) vice ( deputy ) naib wakil, naib ( less common ) victim mangsa in Indonesian means `` prey '' korban Vienna Vienna Wina ( influenced by Dutch Wenen ) violet ( colour ) lembayung violet, ungu, lembayung ( rarely used ) virgin ( anak ) dara, ( anak ) gadis, perawan perawan ( formal ), gadis, ( anak ) dara viscosity kelikatan viskositas, kekentalan visit lawatan, pelancongan wisata, kunjungan, pelancongan, lawatan ( to foreign country, sick person or dead person ) volleyball bola tampar bola voli volume ( math ) isi padu volume, ruang, isi voucher baucer voucher want mahu mau, ingin warden warden, penjaga penjara sipir ( penjara ) ( from Dutch cipier ) Warsaw Warsaw Warsawa website laman web, laman sesawang situs web, laman web weekend hujung minggu akhir pekan, akhir minggu well ( water hole ) perigi sumur, perigi ( rarely used ) wheelchair kerusi roda kursi roda when bila, apabila, ketika, bilamana ( rarely used ) kapan, bilamana, ( question word ) bila, ketika window tingkap, jendela jendela ( from Portuguese janela ), tingkap ( less common ) windscreen, windshield cermin kereta kaca depan ( mobil ) wire dawai, wayar kawat ( e.g. copper wire ), kabel ( e.g. electrical wire, cable ) you anda ( very formal ), awak, kamu, engkau, kau anda ( everyday formal ), kamu ( familiar only ), engkau ( ' kau ) ( prose ), elu / loe ( very vulgar Betawi slang, influenced by Chinese dialect leu ) zero sifar nol from Dutch nul zipper ( fastener ) zip resleting from Dutch ritssluiting zone zon daerah, zona zoo zoo, taman haiwan ( kebun binatang was also frequently used in Malaysia before the mid-1960s ) kebun binatang ( derived from Dutch dierentuin, literally `` animal garden '' ), taman margasatwa ( more formal form for zoological park ) False friends Besides vocabulary differences, there are also a number of false friends in both languages. As these words are in quite common use in either or both of the languages, misunderstandings can arise. Word Malaysian meaning Indonesian meaning ahli a member ( of a group ) ( when the word is used by itself ) ( from Arabo - Persian `` ahli '' اهلی ' belonging to a group, people, indigenous or sim. ' ), expert in a field ( from Arabo - Persian `` ' aqli '' عقلی ' belonging to the intellect or mind, intellectual ' ) expert in a specific field akta ( from Latino - Dutch acta ) act ( = law ) act ( = written legal document ) awak you ( casual ) me / I ( Used by speakers from Sumatra mainly Malays, people in Medan, etc ), crew ( of transportation ) baja fertilizer steel Malay : besi waja banci census ( Indonesian : sensus ) effeminate, transvestite homosexual ( negative connotation ) bandar city port bangun to develop / wake up ( from sleep ) to build / wake up ( from sleep ) bapa father ( male parent ) specific to ' Father ' ( God ) in religious context ( Christianity ) our Father which art in Heaven = Bapa kami yang di surga Father in Indonesian is bapak ( with an additional ' k ' letter ' ) belanja to treat, giving something for free to shop ( note : also carries this meaning in Malay, though in a context more akin to `` spend ''. ) berbagi to give to share ( something ) berbual to chat to tell a lie bercinta in ( the essence of ) love to make love, have sexual intercourse beredar From the root word `` edar '' which can means ; to oscillate ( planets only ), to leave, or to distribute to oscillate, to distribute berlaku happen, occur apply biji seed seed, testicles ( `` balls '', offensive ) bila when if, when ( older version, almost obsolete ) bina to build to develop bisa venom can / be able to ( also understood but less frequently used in Malay ) ( same as `` boleh '' in Malay ), venom bontot / buntut buttock tail ( ' ekor ' as commonly used in Malay, sometimes in Indonesia ) budak kid Indonesian : anak or bocah slave butoh / butuh male genitals, an offensive reference need cadangan suggestion, opinion, proposal ( example : peti cadangan = suggestion box ) Indonesian : saran reserve, spare ( example : ban cadangan = spare tire ) comel cute, pretty ( to call ) someone who can not keep a secret ( example : mulutnya comel = her mouth ca n't keep a secret ) daripada A preposition that carries 5 meanings ; 1. from ( to explain the origin of something ) 2. than ( to do comparison ) 3. from ( to protect from, to avoid from ) 4. from ( to state the sender of something ) 5. from ( to state the differences ) than ( comparison ) ( example : Kamus ini lebih baik daripada yang itu = This dictionary is better than that one ) detik jiffy second doktor doctor ( medical ) ; doctorate ( educational title ) doctorate ( educational title ) In Indonesian, the equivalent for medical doctor is dokter duduk to sit, a place to live on ( only used informally ) to sit, to occupy email electronic mail ( recently changed to `` emel '' ) enamel gampang bastard from ' anak gampang ' lit. easy child. easy ( non-negative meaning ) getah rubber, plant sap plant sap hemat moral excellence frugal, pennywise, save money or something e.g. electricity, gas or water usage jabatan department position jawatan position department jemput to invite, to pick up to pick up jeruk pickles / preserved fruits or vegetables orange ( fruit ) jimat frugal, pennywise, save money or something e.g. electricity amulet ( the Malay equivalent is azimat ) kacak handsome ber - kacak pinggang ( stands with hands on your hips ) The Malay equivalent is bercekak - pinggang, a phrase to mean that a person is being bossy kadar rate content, level kakak elder sister elder sibling ( either elder brother or sister ) kakitangan employee subordinate ( with negative meaning ) kapan or kafan : Muslim burial shroud ( kain kafan / kapan ) when ( kapan mau pulang ? = when do you want to go home ? ) karya work of art ( karyawan = artists ) to work ( karyawan = workers ) result of work Karya seni = work of art to create a piece of art. kerajaan government ( historical association, most Malay states were governed by monarchs, from Raja = King, now refers to any kind of government ) kingdom keranjang ' bola keranjang ' = basketball ( no other use than for basketball ) basket kereta car vehicle, carriage, cart ( kereta api = train, kereta kuda = horse carriage / cart, kereta gantung = cable car ) kesal regret Indonesian : sesal annoyed khidmat service Indonesian : layanan fully concentrate koneksi ' konek ' = dick ( slang / vulgar ) ( sambungan = connection in Malay ) connection konfeksi A soft solid made by incorporating a medicinal substance or substances with sugar, sirup, or honey clothing industry, any fancy or luxurious women 's clothes ( Dutch : confectie. A non-standard spelling sometimes used is : `` konveksi '' ) kurun century a long ( time ) lucu funny funny, cute ( slang ) mangsa victim prey for animal mengacau to disturb, to stir Indonesian : mengaduk to disturb operasi mathematic operational symbol, tactical operation mathematic operational symbol, police operation, operation / surgery ( as in Dutch ) pajak to mortgage, pawn tax paket packet packet, package ( normally used for promotion purposes, as in Dutch ) pantas speedily appropriate, ' no wonder ' pantat buttock ( Sabahan Malay meaning ), vagina / pussy ( slang / vulgar ) buttock pelan plan ( associated with architectural work, site map etc. only ) slow ( perlahan in Malay ) penyelenggaraan maintenance to organize, organizing pejabat office high - rank officer / officials ( those who hold office, Malay ( pegawai ) ) pembangkang opposition rebel ( noun ), insurgent pemerintah ruler government pengacara emcee, host Indonesian : pembawa acara lawyer ( but it has nothing to do with its root word acara which means an event or a TV program in both languages ) pengajian studies Indonesian : pelajaran mass recitation of Qur'an, ( Islamic ) teaching penganjur organizer promoter percuma free of charge percuma can also mean free of charge in Indonesian, but its usage has become obsolete, replaced by cuma - cuma / gratis ( taken from Dutch : gratis = free ) useless, not needed petang afternoon evening piawai standard ; correct bahasa piawai = standard language expert ; skillful ( on something ) pijat bugs ( software bugs i.e. Year 2000 bug and also commonly referring to the bed bugs ) massage Javanese pijet pohon tree, to plea or to beg ( from basic word : `` mohon '' ) tree pokok tree essential, basic, main kebutuhan pokok = essential necessities polis police ( insurance ) policy ( as in Dutch ) polisi policy police ( as in Dutch ) punggung buttock back Malay : belakang pupuk to nurture fertilizer ( also means ' to nurture ' in the metaphorical sense of the word ) pusing to go around a place, circular in motion, to spin / rotate Indonesian : putar dizzy, confused, headache putera prince Indonesian : Pangeran son rambut hair ( for head only ) hair rayuan appeal ( neutral ) flattery, seduction ( emotional or sexual connotation ) saat second jiffy sederhana medium, normal simple, easy senang easy happy, relax seronok good, enjoyable impolite, pornography - related gambar seronok = porn picture sulit confidential, difficult difficult tambang fare Indonesian : tarif mine, rope ( as tali tambang ) tandas toilet to explain, to finish wakil representative vice ( for example, ' vice chancellor ' and ' vice president ' ), representative Syllabification Word Malaysian syllabification Indonesian syllabification Starting Mu la i Mu lai Weather Cua ca Cu a ca The influence of English One of the most important aspect in differences between Malaysian and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin - Dutch and English share a similar Germanic origin, and Dutch has also borrowed from Latin, although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure. By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the `` trend towards Indo - Saxonization '', known in Indonesian as pengindosaksonan. A great many borrowings from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are : akurat instead of tepat ( accurate ), aliansi in the place of sekutu ( alliance ), eksis rather than ada ( exist ), kandidat as well as calon ( candidate ), konklusi instead of kesimpulan ( conclusion ) kontaminasi in the place of pencemaran ( contamination ), opini rather than pendapat ( opinion ) and opsi in the place of pilihan ( option ). Contrary to its Indonesian counterpart, Malay has shown a remarkable resilience, despite formerly being part of British Empire. Some in Indonesia view this trend of excessive borrowings as `` language dynamism '', while some Malaysian linguists called it mass `` language pollution '', and lack of creativity in creating new terms. Example The original text in Indonesian : Apabila peraturan pakta stabilitas Eropa dihormati sampai ke detailnya, rasio utang publik dibanding produk domestik bruto pada hari krisis akan berada di posisi 10 persentase poin kurang dalam zona euro, katanya. The same text rendered in Malaysian : Apabila peraturan pakatan kestabilan Eropah dihormati secara terperinci, nisbah hutang awam berbanding keluaran dalam negara kasar pada zaman krisis akan berada di kedudukan 10 mata peratusan kurang dalam zon euro, kata beliau. English translation : If the European stability pact rules had been respected in detail, the ratio of public debt to gross domestic product on the days of crisis would have been at the position 10 percentage points less in the eurozone, he said. Convergence of vocabulary The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other 's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malaysian ; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malaysian and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate -- albeit closely related -- languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians. However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages ' development. The effort to synchronize both languages ' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard rules of language. This process is headed by Pusat Bahasa on the Indonesian side and Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka as its Malaysian counterpart. Sample The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Malaysian and Indonesian, along with the original declaration in English. Malaysian text sample : Maka dengan ini, Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak - hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah - langkah berperingkat - peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua - duanya di antara negara - negara anggota masing - masing dan rakyat wilayah - wilayah di bawah bidangkuasa mereka. Perkara 1. Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak - hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan. Indonesian text sample : Maka, Majelis Umum memproklamasikan PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak - hak dan kebebasan - kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan - tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa - bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa - bangsa dari daerah - daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka. Pasal 1 Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak - hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul sesama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan. The original English version of the text : Now, therefore, the General Assembly proclaims this UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. 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Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Standard_Malay_and_Indonesian&oldid=834264180 '' Categories : Malay language Indonesian language Language comparison False friends Hidden categories : CS1 Malay - language sources ( ms ) CS1 Indonesian - language sources ( id ) CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Use dmy dates from September 2015 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Edit links This page was last edited on 4 April 2018, at 19 : 49. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is the difference between indonesian and malay
Answer: spelling