Gateway Arch National Park - wikipedia Gateway Arch National Park Gateway Arch National Park The Gateway Arch serves as the attraction 's centerpiece. Location St. Louis, Missouri, United States Coordinates 38 ° 37 ′ 29 '' N 90 ° 11 ′ 06 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 38.62460 ° N 90.18497 ° W ﻿ / 38.62460 ; - 90.18497 Coordinates : 38 ° 37 ′ 29 '' N 90 ° 11 ′ 06 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 38.62460 ° N 90.18497 ° W ﻿ / 38.62460 ; - 90.18497 Area 90.9 acres ( 36.8 ha ) Established February 22, 2018 ; 5 months ago ( February 22, 2018 ) Visitors 1,398,188 ( in 2017 ) Governing body National Park Service Website Official website Gateway Arch National Park U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic district Show map of St. Louis Show map of Missouri Show map of the US Show all Location Mississippi River between Washington and Poplar Sts., St. Louis, Missouri Area 90.9 acres ( 36.8 ha ) Built 1831 -- 34 Old Cathedral 1839 -- 64 Old Courthouse 1962 -- 65 Gateway Arch NRHP reference # 66000941 Added to NRHP October 15, 1966 The Gateway Arch National Park, formerly known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial until 2018, is an American national park located in St. Louis, Missouri, near the starting point of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Gateway Arch and its immediate surroundings were initially designated as a national memorial by executive order 7523 on December 21, 1935, and redesignated as a national park in 2018. The park is maintained by the National Park Service ( NPS ). The park was established to commemorate : the Louisiana Purchase, and the subsequent westward movement of American explorers and pioneers ; the first civil government west of the Mississippi River ; and the debate over slavery raised by the Dred Scott case. The memorial consists of a 91 - acre ( 36.8 ha ) park along the Mississippi River on the site of the earliest buildings of St. Louis ; the Old Courthouse, a former state and federal courthouse that saw the origins of the Dred Scott case ; the 140,000 sq ft ( 13,000 m ) museum at the Gateway Arch ; and most notably the Gateway Arch, a steel catenary arch that has become the definitive icon of the city. Contents 1 Components 1.1 The Gateway Arch 1.2 Old Courthouse 1.3 Museum at the Gateway Arch 2 History 2.1 1930s 2.2 1940s 2.3 1950s 2.4 1960s 2.5 1980s 2.6 1990s 2.7 2000s 2.8 2010s 3 Additional photographs 4 See also 5 References 6 External links 6.1 Teacher resources Components The Gateway Arch Main article : Gateway Arch The Gateway Arch The Gateway Arch, known as the `` Gateway to the West '', is the tallest structure in Missouri. It was designed by Finnish - American architect Eero Saarinen and structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel in 1947 and built between 1963 and October 1965. It stands 630 feet ( 192 m ) tall and 630 feet ( 192 m ) wide at its base. The legs are 54 feet ( 16.5 m ) wide at the base, narrowing to 17 feet ( 5.2 m ) at the arch. There is a unique tram system to carry passengers to the observation room at the top of the arch. Old Courthouse Main article : Old Courthouse ( St. Louis ) The Old Courthouse is built on land originally deeded by St. Louis founder Auguste Chouteau. It marks the location over which the arch reaches. Its dome was built during the American Civil War and is similar to the dome on the United States Capitol which was also built during the Civil War. It was the site of the local trials in the Dred Scott case. The courthouse is the only portion of the memorial west of Interstate 44. To the west of the Old Courthouse is a Greenway between Market and Chestnut Streets which is only interrupted by the Civil Courts Building which features a pyramid model of the Mausoleum of Mausolus ( which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ) on its roof. When the Civil Courts building was built in the 1920s, the Chouteau family sued to regain the property belonging to the Old Courthouse because it had been deeded in perpetuity to be a courthouse. Museum at the Gateway Arch Underneath the Arch is a visitor center, entered from a circular entryway facing the Old Courthouse. Within the center, a project to rebuild the Museum at the Gateway Arch was completed in July 2018. The new museum features exhibits on a variety of topics including westward expansion and the construction of the arch, all told through a St. Louis lens. Tucker Theater, finished in 1968 and renovated 30 years later, has about 285 seats and shows a documentary ( Monument to the Dream ) on the Arch 's construction. A second theater was added in 1993 but removed in 2018 as part of the CityArchRiver renovation project. Also located in the visitor center are a gift shop and cafe. History View of the Old Courthouse from the observation area at the top of the arch. 1930s The memorial was developed largely through the efforts of St. Louis civic booster Luther Ely Smith who first pitched the idea in 1933, was the long - term chairman of the committee that selected the area and persuaded Franklin Roosevelt in 1935 to make it a national park service unit after St. Louis passed a bond issue to begin building it, and who partially financed the 1947 architectural contest that selected the Arch. In the early 1930s the United States began looking for a suitable memorial for Thomas Jefferson ( the Washington Monument and the newly built Lincoln Memorial were the only large Presidential memorials at the time ). Shortly after Thanksgiving in 1933 Smith who had been on the commission to build the George Rogers Clark National Historical Park in Indiana, was returning via train when he noticed the poor condition of the original platted location of St. Louis along the Mississippi. He thought that the memorial to Jefferson should be on the actual location that was symbolic of one of Jefferson 's greatest triumphs -- the Louisiana Purchase. The originally platted area of St. Louis was the site of : The Battle of Saint Louis, the only battle west of the Mississippi River in the American Revolutionary War. The first capital of Upper Louisiana for the United States, the Louisiana Purchase north of the 33rd parallel that was the original Louisiana Territory in 1803. The Three Flags Day ceremony in 1804 in which Spain formally turned over Louisiana to France, less than 24 hours before France then officially turned it over to the United States. This technically completed the Louisiana Purchase, and also cleared the way for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to legally begin their exploration of the continental west, which Spain had prohibited. Almost all of the historic buildings associated with this period had been replaced by newer buildings. His idea was to raze all of the buildings in the original St. Louis platted area and replace it with a park with `` a central feature, a shaft, a building, an arch, or something which would symbolize American culture and civilization. '' The Missouri state quarter, showing the Arch and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Smith pitched the idea to Bernard Dickmann who quickly assembled a meeting of St. Louis civic leaders on December 15, 1933 at the Jefferson Hotel and they endorsed the plan and Smith became chairman of what would become the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association ( a position he would hold until 1949 with a one - year exception ). The Commission then defined the area, got cost estimates of $30 million to buy the land, clear the buildings and erect a park and monument. With promises from the federal government ( via the United States Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission ) to join if the City of St. Louis could raise money. The area to be included in the park was bounded by the Eads Bridge / Washington Avenue on the north and Poplar Street on the south, the Mississippi River on the east and Third Street ( now Interstate 44 ) on the west. The Old Courthouse, just west of Third Street, was added in 1940. The only building in this area not included was the Old Cathedral, which is on the site of St. Louis first church and was opposite the home of St. Louis founder Auguste Chouteau. The founders of the city were buried in its graveyard ( but were moved in 1849 to Bellefontaine Cemetery during a cholera outbreak ). Taking away 40 blocks in the center of St. Louis was bitterly fought by some sources -- particularly the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. On September 10, 1935, the voters of St. Louis approved a $7.5 million bond issue to buy the property. Local architect Louis Le Beaume provided a preliminary design proposal for the site that included multiple museums, fountains, and obelisks. The buildings were bought for $7 million by the federal government via Eminent domain and was subject to considerable litigation but were ultimately bought at 131.99 percent of assessed valuation. Roosevelt inspected the memorial area on October 14, 1936 during the dedication of the St. Louis Soldiers Memorial. Included in the party was then Senator Harry S. Truman. 1940s The land was to be cleared by 1942. Among the buildings razed was the `` Old Rock House '' 1818 home of fur trader Manuel Lisa ( now occupied by the stairs on the north side of the Arch ) and the 1819 home of original St. Louis pioneer Jean Pierre Chouteau at First and Washington. The architectural competition for a monument was delayed by World War II. Interest in the monument was fed after the war as it was to be the first big monument in the post-World War II era. The estimated cost of the competition was $225,000 and Smith personally donated $40,000. Civic leaders held the nationwide competition in 1947 to select a design for the main portion of the Memorial space. Architect Eero Saarinen won this competition with plans for a 590 - foot ( 180 m ) catenary arch to be placed on the banks of the Mississippi River. However, these plans were modified over the next 15 years, placing the arch on higher ground and adding 40 feet ( 12 m ) in height and width. The central architectural feature at the base of the arch is the Old Courthouse, which was once the tallest building in Missouri and has a dome similar to the United States Capitol and was placed on the building during the American Civil War at the same time as that on the U.S. Capitol. Saarinen developed the shape with the help of architectural engineer Hannskarl Bandel. It is not a pure inverted catenary. Saarinen preferred a shape that was slightly elongated and thinner towards the top, a shape that produces a subtle soaring effect, and transfers more of the structure 's weight downward rather than outward at the base. When Saarinen won the competition, the official notification was sent to `` E. Saarinen '', thinking it to be the architect 's father Eliel Saarinen, who had also submitted an entry. The family celebrated with a bottle of champagne, and two hours later an embarrassed official called to say the winner was, in fact, the younger Saarinen. The elder Saarinen then broke out a second bottle of champagne to celebrate his son 's success. Among the five finalists was local St. Louis architect Harris Armstrong. 1950s Land for the memorial was formally dedicated on June 10, 1950 by Harry S. Truman. However the Korean War began and the project was put on hold. On June 23, 1959, work begins on covering railroad tracks that cut across the memorial grounds. 1960s On February 11, 1961, excavation began, and that September 1, Saarinen died. On February 12, 1963, the first stainless steel triangle that formed the first section of the arch was set in place on the south leg. On October 28, 1965, it was completed, costing approximately $15 million to build. The adjacent park was designed by landscape architect Dan Kiley. Along with all other historical areas of the National Park Service, the memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall dedicated the Arch on May 25, 1968. 1980s In 1984, Congress authorized the enlargement of the Memorial to include up to 100 acres ( 40 ha ) on the east bank of the Mississippi River in East St. Louis, Illinois. Funds were authorized to begin land acquisition, but Congress placed a moratorium upon NPS land acquisitions in fiscal year 1998. The moratorium continued into the 21st century, with expansion becoming less likely because of the construction of a riverboat gambling facility and related amenities. 1990s During the Great Flood of 1993, Mississippi flood waters reached halfway up the Grand Staircase on the east. In 1999, the Arch tram queue areas were renovated at a cost of about $2.2 million. As well, the Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site in St. Louis County, Missouri, was put under the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of the Memorial. 2000s The arch was featured on the Missouri state quarter in 2003. In 2007 St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay and former Missouri Senator John Danforth asked the National Park Service to create a more `` active '' use of the grounds of the memorial and model it on Millennium Park in Chicago including the possibility of restaurants, fountains, ice skating, swimming, and other activities. The National Park Service was not in favor of the plan noting that the only other overt development pressure on national park property has been at the Jackson Hole Airport in Grand Teton National Park 2010s For most of its life, the Memorial was largely separated from the rest of Downtown St. Louis by a sunken section of I - 70 ( now I - 44 with the rerouting of I - 70 over a new bridge ), but in 2014, a lid was installed over the highway, creating the foundation for a park connecting downtown with the Memorial grounds. In November 2015, Saarinen 's original master plan was brought to fruition. Building of the Gateway Arch Connector linking the Old Courthouse with the grounds of the Arch was completed. This design, and other design components were imagined by Michael Van Valkenburg Associates. In September 2010 Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates won a design contest to `` re-envision the visitor experience '' of the grounds. The project, originally planned for completion in 2015 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Arch, is now due to be completed in 2018. It includes : replacing the north garage with an outdoor amphitheater, an explorers garden for children and an addition of 7.5 acres of green space. new cobblestone plaza between the Arch and the river elevated walkways on the Illinois side, reaching 35 feet and winding through a new bird sanctuary, ( Congress has authorized purchase of the Illinois acreage ) an expanded museum below the Gateway Arch with a new western entrance nearly a block closer to downtown than the original entrances. The entire project is now scheduled for a 2018 completion, an update to Kiener Plaza due in 2017, completion of the new museum in 2018 and improvements to the Old Courthouse ending the work. In 2016, many ash trees on the grounds were removed to preemept damage from emerald ash borers. Prior to the work of CityArchRiver, there were 1,800 trees on the grounds. There are now a total of 4,200. The $380 million project was funded both privately and publicly. The public funding, provided largely by Proposition P, totaled $159 million. The remaining $221 were secured via fundraising efforts of Gateway Arch Park foundation. The United States Congress approved the Gateway Arch National Park Designation Act in early 2018 to re-designate the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial as the Gateway Arch National Park. U.S. President Donald Trump signed the act into law on February 22, 2018. Additional photographs Lower south tram queue area The Arch from the west, looking east over Luther Ely Smith Square The sign at the top of the observation deck. The St. Louis Arch as seen from the lawn. As seen from Laclede 's Landing Arch at dawn The Old Cathedral as viewed from top of Arch South entrance to the arch At night as seen from Illinois Gateway Arch from below Looking west from the observatory A closeup view of South Pond, one of the two ponds inside Gateway Arch National Park An aerial view of North Pond, one of the two ponds inside Gateway Arch National Park, as seen from the observation deck atop the Arch See also List of national parks of the United States References Jump up ^ `` NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report ''. National Park Service. Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 26. Jump up ^ National Park Service ( 2010 - 07 - 09 ). `` National Register Information System ''. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Jump up ^ `` Luther Ely Smith : Founder of a Memorial '' ( PDF ). The Museum Gazette. National Park Service. Retrieved January 11, 2008. Jump up ^ O'Neil, Tim ( December 13, 2012 ). `` With cornice repairs complete, scaffold around St. Louis ' Old Courthouse coming down ''. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Jump up ^ `` Editorial ''. Jefferson City Daily Capital News. June 24, 1939. Jump up ^ `` St. Louis River Front Memorial Approved by Voters ''. The Southeast Missourian. 11 September 1935. Retrieved 10 November 2016. Jump up ^ `` St. Louis Site Obtained for Jefferson Memorial ''. Hammond Times. United Press. June 22, 1939. ( available on newspaperarchive.com ) Jump up ^ `` 225, 00 See Roosevelt in St. Louis ''. Moberly Monitor - Index. Associated Press. October 14, 1936. Jump up ^ `` St. Louis Landmarks ''. genealogyinstlouis.accessgenealogy.com. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2008. Jump up ^ Salter, Jim ( August 29, 2007 ). `` St. Louis hopes to obtain part of Arch grounds ''. Southeast Missourian. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2017. Jump up ^ `` City Leaders Pitch Local Control of Arch Grounds ''. St. Louis Post Dispatch. August 29, 2007. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Jump up ^ Bomar, Mary A. ( August 2007 ). `` Summary of Park Centennial Strategies '' ( PDF ). National Park Service. Retrieved February 15, 2008. Jump up ^ `` เว็บไซต์ แทง บอล ออนไลน์ ชั้น นํา ตื่นเต้น กับ sbobet maxbet ibcbet คา สิ โน ออนไลน์ อย่าง ครบครัน -- กับ ลิงค์ ทาง เข้า sbobet ที่ เข้า ง่าย แทง บอล ได้ อย่าง สะดวก สบาย ตลอด เวลา 24 ชั่วโมง ''. Cityarchrivercompetition.org. 2016 - 01 - 27. Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 16. Jump up ^ Barr, Diana ( 2015 - 09 - 15 ). `` Gateway Arch grounds renovations fall further behind schedule ''. St. Louis Business Journal. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 22. Jump up ^ `` Gateway Arch museum delayed until summer 2018 ''. KMOV.com. 2017 - 06 - 21. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 24. Jump up ^ `` New York firm MVVA wins Arch design competition Metro ''. stltoday.com. 2010 - 09 - 21. Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 16. Jump up ^ `` 2017 Update '' ( PDF ). cityarchriver.org. CityArchRiver Foundation. 2017. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2017. Jump up ^ Taketa, Kristen. `` Timber ! Most of St. Louis ' 15,000 ash trees coming down to stop bug invasion ''. Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 26. Jump up ^ Moffitt, Kelly. `` Planners hit fundraising goal for Arch grounds renovation ''. Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 21. Jump up ^ `` President Donald J. Trump Signs S. 1438 into Law ''. White House. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Forms Richard I. Ortega ( March 3, 1976 ). `` National Register of Historic Places Places Inventory -- Nomination Form : Jefferson National Expansion Memorial '' ( PDF ). National Park Service. Retrieved January 19, 2016. Accompanying three photos from c. 1942 and 1975. `` Jefferson National Expansion Memorial '' ( PDF ). Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved May 30, 2008. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gateway Arch National Park. Official website -- National Park Service Dred Scott case suffragette Virginia Minor case Artistic photos and renderings -- State Historical Society of Missouri Timeline of current Arch grounds project, August 2013 to November 2016 -- St. Louis Post-Dispatch Teacher Resources The Old Courthouse lesson plan The Mathematics and Architecture of the St. Louis Arch, William V. Thayer Owner 's Manual for the Gateway Arch, William V. 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Randolph ( grandson ) John Wayles Jefferson ( grandson ) Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. ( son - in - law ) John Wayles Eppes ( son - in - law ) John Wayles ( father - in - law ) Dabney Carr ( brother - in - law ) Dabney Carr ( nephew ) ← John Adams James Madison → U.S. National Register of Historic Places Topics Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types Lists by states Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Lists by insular areas American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Lists by associated states Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau Other areas District of Columbia Morocco Portal Protected areas of Missouri Federal National Parks : Gateway Arch National Park National Monuments : George Washington Carver National Historic Sites : Harry S. 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Daniel Dunklin 's Grave Felix Vallé House First Missouri State Capitol Fort Davidson Gen. John J. 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Russell Park Serra Sculpture Park Sherman Park Sister Marie Charles Park Soulard Playground South St. Louis Square Park St. Louis Place Park St. Marcus Commemorative Park Strodtman Park Sublette Park Tambo Park Tandy Park Robert Terry Park Tiffany Park Rosalie Tilles Park Milton Turner Playground Unity Park Vivian and Astra Park Walnut Park Washington Square Park Willmore Park Windsor Park Yeatman Square Park Maintained by others Gateway Arch National Park Leon Strauss Park Luther Ely Smith Square Tower Grove Park St. Louis County parks North area Bella Fontaine County Park General Daniel Bissell House County Park Bon Oak County Park Castlepoint County Park Champ County Park Endicott County Park Fort Belle Fontaine County Park King County Park Kinloch County Park Larimore County Park McDonnell County Park Sioux Passage County Park Spanish Lake County Park St. Vincent County Park Veterans Memorial County Park West area Creve Coeur County Park Ebsworth County Park Faust County Park Greensfelder County Park Lone Elk County Park Love County Park Queeny County Park Tilles County Park West Tyson County Park South area Bee Tree County Park Black Forest County Park Bohrer County Park Buder County Park Cliff Cave County Park Clydesdale County Park Jefferson Barracks County Park Laumeier Sculpture Park Lemay County Park Mathilda - Welmering County Park Ohlendorf County Park Simpson County Park Suson County Park Sylvan Springs County Park Unger County Park George Winter County Park Museums and cultural institutions in Greater St. Louis Art Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis Laumeier Sculpture Park Lemp Neighborhood Arts Center Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum Pulitzer Arts Foundation Saint Louis Art Museum St. Louis Mercantile Library Art Museum Saint Louis University Museum of Art The Sheldon William and Florence Schmidt Art Center Architecture Gateway Arch Frank Lloyd Wright Kraus House Botanical Jewel Box Missouri Botanical Garden Children 's City Museum The Magic House History Alton Museum of History and Art Anheuser - Busch Brewery Basilica of St. Louis, King of France Campbell House Museum Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis Chatillon - DeMenil House Cupples House Daniel Boone Home Eugene Field House First Missouri State Capitol State Historic Site Jefferson Barracks Museums Scott Joplin House State Historic Site Lemp Mansion Lewis and Clark State Historic Site Missouri History Museum Museum of Westward Expansion Old Cahokia Courthouse Old Courthouse Benjamin Stephenson House Soldiers ' Memorial Ulysses S. 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Question: when did gateway arch become a national park
Answer: February 22, 2018