Amir Khusrow - wikipedia Amir Khusrow Amir Khusrau Amir Khusrow teaching his disciples in a miniature from a manuscript of Majlis al - Ushshaq by Husayn Bayqarah. Background information Birth name Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud - Dīn K͟husrau 1253 Patiyali, Delhi Sultanate October 1325 Delhi, Delhi Sultanate Genres Ghazal, Qawwali, Ruba'i, Tarana Occupation ( s ) Sufi, musician, poet, composer, author, scholar Website http://www.khusrau.com Part of a series on Islam Sufism and Tariqat Ideas Abdal Al - Insān al - Kāmil Baqaa Dervish Dhawq Fakir Fanaa Haal Haqiqa Ihsan Irfan Ishq Keramat Kashf Lataif Manzil Marifa Nafs Nūr Qalandar Qutb Silsila Sufi cosmology Sufi metaphysics Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Salik Tazkiah Wali Yaqeen Practices Anasheed Dhikr Haḍra Muraqaba Qawwali Sama Whirling Ziyarat Sufi orders Akbari Alians Ashrafia Azeemia Ba ' Alawi Bayrami Bektashi Burhaniyya Chishti Galibi Gulshani Haqqani Anjuman Hurufi Idrisi Issawiyya Jelveti Jerrahi Khalidi İskenderpaşa İsmailağa Khalwati Kubrawi Madari Meivazhi Malamati Mevlevi Mouridi Noorbakshia Naqshbandi Naqshbandi Haqqani Nasuhi Ni'matullāhī Nuqtavi Qadiri Qalandari Rifa'i Safavi Shadhili Shattari Suhrawardi Sunbuli Sülaymaniyya Tijani Ussaki Uwaisi Zahedi Zikris List of sufis Notable early Notable modern Singers Topics in Sufism Tawhid Sharia Tariqa Haqiqa Ma'rifa Art History Music Shrines Texts Portal Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud - Dīn Khusrau ( 1253 -- 1325 ) ( Urdu : ابوالحسن یمین‌الدین خسرو ‬ ‎, Hindi : अमीर ख़ुसरो ), better known as Amīr Khusrow Dehlavī, was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from the Indian subcontinent. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi. He wrote poetry primarily in Persian, but also in Hindavi. A vocabulary in verse, the Ḳhāliq Bārī, containing Arabic, Persian, and Hindavi terms is often attributed to him. Khusrow is sometimes referred to as the `` parrot of India '' ( Tuti - e-Hind ). Khusrow is regarded as the `` father of qawwali '' ( a devotional music form of the Sufis in the Indian subcontinent ), and introduced the ghazal style of song into India, both of which still exist widely in India and Pakistan. Khusrow was an expert in many styles of Persian poetry which were developed in medieval Persia, from Khāqānī 's qasidas to Nizami 's khamsa. He used 11 metrical schemes with 35 distinct divisions. He wrote in many verse forms including ghazal, masnavi, qata, rubai, do - baiti and tarkib - band. His contribution to the development of the ghazal was significant. Alexander Visits the Sage Plato, from the Khamsa of Amir Khusrow Contents 1 Family background 2 Early years 3 Career 4 Qawwali 5 Legacy 5.1 Development of Hindavi 5.2 700th Birth Anniversary 6 Shalimar Bagh Inscription 7 Works 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 Further reading 12 External links Family background Amīr Khusrow was born in 1253 at Patiyali near Etah in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India, in what was then the Delhi Sultanate, the son of Amīr Saif ud - Dīn Mahmūd, a man of Turkic extraction, by his Ibdian Rajput wife. Amīr Khusrow 's father, Amīr Saif ud - Dīn Mahmūd, was born a member of the Lachin tribe of Transoxania, themselves belonging to the Kara - Khitai set of Turkic tribes. He belonged to Kesh, a small town near Samarkhand in what is now Uzbekistan, and that is where he grew up. When he was a young man, that country was despoiled and ravaged by Genghis Khan 's invasion of Central Asia, and much of the population fled to other lands, India being a favored destination. Amir Saif ud - Din migrated from his hometown of Kesh to Balkh ( now in northern Afghanistan ), which was a relatively safe place ; fromm here, they sent representations seeking refuge and succour to the Sultan of distant Delhi. This was granted, and the group then travelled to Delhi. Sultan Shams ud - Din Iltutmish, ruler of Delhi, was himself a Turk like them ; indeed, he had been raised in the same region of central Asia, and had undergone somewhat similar circumstances in earlier life. He not only welcomed the refugees to his court but also granted high offices and landed estates to some of them, which shows what a privilage it was to be Muslim and Turkic in that society ; such patronage was denied to Hindus who were the native people of India. The Hindus were the peasantry who toiled in the fields to provide a lavish lifestyle to these refugees. Iltutmish provided shelter and lavish patronage to exiled princes, artisans, scholars and rich nobles. In 1230, Amir Saif ud - Din was granted a fief in the district of Patiyali. Amir Saif ud - Din married Bibi Daulatnaz, the daughter of Rawat Arz, a Hindu of the Rajput caste who was the famous war minister of Ghiyas ud - Din Balban, the ninth Sultan of Delhi. Daulatnaz 's family belonged to the Rajput community of modern day Uttar Pradesh. Early years Amir Saif ud - Din and his Rajput - born Indian wife Bibi Daulatnaz became the parents of four children : three sons ( one of whom was Khusrow ) and a daughter. Amir Saif ud - Din Mahmud died in 1260, when Khusrow was only seven years old. After the death of her husband, Khusrow 's mother moved back to her father 's house in Delhi with her children. It was thus in the house of his Rajput maternal grandfather, Rawat Arz ( known by his title as Imad - ul - Mulk ), that Khusrow was raised. He thus grew up very close to the culture and traditions of Indian society, and was not alienated from real Indian society in the way that the ruling Turkic classes may have been. He grew up rooted in his environment, and not hankering after some foreign land. Over and over again in his poetry, and throughout his life, he affirmed that he was Indian and nothing else ( `` I have not the noteds of Misr or fars he says ). Khusrow was an intelligent child. He started learning and writing poetry at the age of eight. His first divan, Tuhfat us - Sighr ( The Gift of Childhood ), containing poems composed between the ages of 16 and 18, was compiled in 1271. In 1273, when Khusrow was 20 years old, his grandfather, who was reportedly 113 years old, died. Career After Khusrow 's grandfather 's death, Khusrow joined the army of Malik Chajju, a nephew of the reigning Sultan, Ghiyas ud - Din Balban. This brought his poetry to the attention of the Assembly of the Royal Court where he was honored. Nasir ud - Din Bughra Khan, the second son of Balban, was invited to listen to Khusrow. He was impressed and became Khusrow 's patron in 1276. In 1277 Bughra Khan was then appointed ruler of Bengal, and Khusrow visited him in 1279 while writing his second divan, Wast ul - Hayat ( The Middle of Life ). Khusrow then returned to Delhi. Balban 's eldest son, Khan Muhammad ( who was in Multan ), arrived in Delhi, and when he heard about Khusrow he invited him to his court. Khusrow then accompanied him to Multan in 1281. Multan at the time was the gateway to India and was a center of knowledge and learning. Caravans of scholars, tradesmen and emissaries transited through Multan from Baghdad, Arabia and Persia on their way to Delhi. Khusrow wrote that : I tied the belt of service on my waist and put on the cap of companionship for another five years. I imparted lustre to the water of Multan from the ocean of my wits and pleasantries. On 9 March 1285, Khan Muhammad was killed in battle while fighting Mongols who were invading the Sultanate. Khusrow wrote two elegies in grief of his death. In 1287, Khusrow travelled to Awadh with another of his patrons, Amir Ali Hatim. At the age of eighty, Balban called his second son Bughra Khan back from Bengal, but Bughra Khan refused. After Balban 's death in 1287, his grandson Muiz ud - Din Qaiqabad, Bughra Khan 's son, was made the Sultan of Delhi at the age of 17. Khusrow remained in Qaiqabad 's service for two years, from 1287 to 1288. In 1288 Khusrow finished his first masnavi, Qiran us - Sa'dain ( Meeting of the Two Auspicious Stars ), which was about Bughra Khan meeting his son Muiz ud - Din Qaiqabad after a long enmity. After Qaiqabad suffered a stroke in 1290, nobles appointed his three year old son Shams ud - Din Kayumars as Sultan. A Turk named Jalal ud - Din Firuz Khilji then marched on Delhi, killed Qaiqabad and became Sultan, thus ending the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate and starting the Khilji dynasty. Jalal ud - Din Firuz Khilji appreciated poetry and invited many poets to his court. Khusrow was honoured and respected in his court and was given the title `` Amir ''. He was given the job of `` Mushaf - dar ''. Court life made Khusrow focus more on his literary works. Khusrow 's ghazals which he composed in quick succession were set to music and were sung by singing girls every night before the Sultan. Khusrow writes about Jalal ud - Din Firuz : The King of the world Jalal ud - Din, in reward for my infinite pain which I undertook in composing verses, bestowed upon me an unimaginable treasure of wealth. In 1290 Khusrow completed his second masnavi, Miftah ul - Futuh ( Key to the Victories ), in praise of Jalal ud - Din Firuz 's victories. In 1294 Khusrow completed his third divan, Ghurrat ul - Kamaal ( The Prime of Perfection ), which consisted of poems composed between the ages of 34 and 41. After Jalal ud - Din Firuz, Ala ud - Din Khilji ascended to the throne of Delhi in 1296. Khusrow wrote the Khaza'in ul - Futuh ( The Treasures of Victory ) recording Ala ud - Din 's construction works, wars and administrative services. He then composed a khamsa ( quintet ) with five masnavis, known as Khamsa - e-Khusrow ( Khamsa of Khusrow ), completing it in 1298. The khamsa emulated that of the earlier poet of Persian epics, Nizami Ganjavi. The first masnavi in the khamsa was Matla ul - Anwar ( Rising Place of Lights ) consisting of 3310 verses ( completed in 15 days ) with ethical and Sufi themes. The second masnavi, Khusrow - Shirin, consisted of 4000 verses. The third masnavi, Laila - Majnun, was a romance. The fourth voluminous masnavi was Aina - e-Sikandari, which narrated the heroic deeds of Alexander the Great in 4500 verses. The fifth masnavi was Hasht - Bihisht, which was based on legends about Bahram V, the fifteenth king of the Sasanian Empire. All these works made Khusrow a leading luminary in the world of poetry. Ala ud - Din Khilji was highly pleased with his work and rewarded him handsomely. When Ala ud - Din 's son and future successor Qutb ud - Din Mubarak Shah Khilji was born, Khusrow prepared the horoscope of Mubarak Shah Khilji in which certain predictions were made. This horoscope is included in the masnavi Saqiana. In 1300, when Khusrow was 47 years old, his mother and brother died. He wrote these lines in their honour : A double radiance left my star this year Gone are my brother and my mother, My two full moons have set and ceased to shine In one short week through this ill - luck of mine. Khusrow 's homage to his mother on her death was : Where ever the dust of your feet is found is like a relic of paradise for me. In 1310 Khusrow became close to a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order, Nizamuddin Auliya. In 1315, Khusrow completed the romantic masnavi Duval Rani - Khizr Khan ( Duval Rani and Khizr Khan ), about the marriage of the Vaghela princess Duval Rani to Khizr Khan, one of Ala ud - Din Khilji 's sons. After Ala ud - Din Khilji 's death in 1316, his son Qutb ud - Din Mubarak Shah Khilji became the Sultan of Delhi. Khusrow wrote a masnavi on Mubarak Shah Khilji called Nuh Sipihr ( Nine Skies ), which described the events of Mubarak Shah Khilji 's reign. He classified his poetry in nine chapters, each part of which is considered a `` sky ''. In the third chapter he wrote a vivid account of India and its environment, seasons, flora and fauna, cultures, scholars, etc. He wrote another book during Mubarak Shah Khilji 's reign by name of Ijaz - e-Khusravi ( The Miracles of Khusrow ), which consisted of five volumes. In 1317 Khusrow compiled Baqia - Naqia ( Remnants of Purity ). In 1319 he wrote Afzal ul - Fawaid ( Greatest of Blessings ), a work of prose that contained the teachings of Nizamuddin Auliya. In 1320 Mubarak Shah Khilji was killed by Khusro Khan, who thus ended the Khilji dynasty and briefly became Sultan of Delhi. Within the same year, Khusro Khan was captured and beheaded by Ghiyath al - Din Tughlaq, who became Sultan and thus began the Tughlaq dynasty. In 1321 Khusrow began to write a historic masnavi named Tughlaq Nama ( Book of the Tughlaqs ) about the reign of Ghiyath al - Din Tughlaq and that of other Tughlaq rulers. Khusrow died in October 1325, six months after the death of Nizamuddin Auliya. Khusrow 's tomb is next to that of his spiritual master in the Nizamuddin Dargah in Delhi. Nihayat ul - Kamaal ( The Zenith of Perfection ) was compiled probably a few weeks before his death. Qawwali Play media Friday evening qawwali at the Tomb of Salim Chishti in Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, India. Khusrow is credited with fusing the Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and Indian musical traditions in the late 13th century to create qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music. Qaul ( Arabic : قَوْل ) is an `` utterance ( of the prophet ) '', Qawwāl is someone who often repeats ( sings ) a Qaul, and Qawwāli is what a Qawwāl sings. The word sama is often still used in Central Asia and Turkey to refer to forms very similar to qawwali. Legacy An illustrated manuscript of one of Amir Khusrow 's poems. Amir Khusrow was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He wrote many playful riddles, songs and legends which have become a part of popular culture in South Asia. His riddles are one of the most popular forms of Hindavi poetry today. It is a genre that involves double entendre or wordplay. Innumerable riddles by the poet have been passed through oral tradition over the last seven centuries. Through his literary output, Khusrow represents one of the first recorded Indian personages with a true multicultural or pluralistic identity. Development of Hindavi Khusrow wrote primarily in Persian. Many Hindustani ( historically known as Hindavi ) verses are attributed to him, although there is no evidence for their composition by Khusrow before the 18th century. The language of the Hindustani verses appear to be relatively modern. He also wrote a war ballad in Punjabi. In addition, he spoke Arabic and Sanskrit. His poetry is still sung today at Sufi shrines throughout Pakistan and India. 700th birth anniversary In 1976 the renowned Pakistani musician Khurshid Anwar played a key role in observing the 700th birth anniversary of Amir Khusrow. Since he was also a musicologist, he wrote one of his rare music articles on Amir Khusrow, `` A gift to posterity ''. In addition, he actively planned music events and activities throughout 1976. In Pakistan, Anwar had also been praised for his efforts to keep alive classical music not only through his many film compositions in Pakistan, but also through his unique collection of classical music performances recorded by EMI Pakistan, known as Aahang - e-Khusravi in two parts in 1978. The second part of the Aahang - e-Khusravi recordings was known as Gharanon Ki Gaiyki which consisted of audio recordings of representatives of the main gharanas of classical singers in Pakistan on 20 audio cassettes. All this was meant to be a tribute to Amir Khusrow. Shalimar Bagh inscription Inscribed in the top terrace of the Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar ( now in Jammu and Kashmir, India ), are some famous phrases in Persian, which are sometimes attributed to Khusrow, although are not found in any of his written works : Agar Firdaus bar ru - ye zamin ast, Hamin ast o hamin ast o hamin ast. In English : `` If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this. '' This verse is also found on several Mughal structures, supposedly in reference to Kashmir. Works Mughal illustrated page from the Hasht - Bihisht, Metropolitan Museum of Art Tuhfat us - Sighr ( The Gift of Childhood ), 1271 - Khusrow 's first divan, contains poems composed between the ages of 16 and 18. Wast ul - Hayat ( The Middle of Life ), 1279 - Khusrow 's second divan. Qiran us - Sa'dain ( Meeting of the Two Auspicious Stars ), 1289 - Khusrow 's first masnavi, which detailed the historic meeting of Bughra Khan and his son Muiz ud - Din Qaiqabad after a long enmity. Miftah ul - Futuh ( Key to the Victories ), 1290 - Khusrow 's second masnavi, in praise of the victories of Jalal ud - Din Firuz Khilji. Ghurrat ul - Kamaal ( The Prime of Perfection ), 1294 - poems composed by Khusrow between the ages of 34 and 41. Khaza'in ul - Futuh ( The Treasures of Victories ), 1296 - details of Ala ud - Din Khilji 's construction works, wars, and administrative services. Khamsa - e-Khusrow ( Khamsa of Khusrow ), 1298 - a quintet ( khamsa ) of five masnavis : Matla ul - Anwar, Khusrow - Shirin, Laila - Majnun, Aina - e-Sikandari and Hasht - Bihisht. Saqiana - masnavi containing the horoscope of Qutb ud - Din Mubarak Shah Khilji. Duval Rani - Khizr Khan ( Duval Rani and Khizr Khan ), 1316 - a tragedy about the marriage of princess Duval Rani to Ala ud - Din Khilji 's son Khizr Khan. Nuh Sipihr ( Nine Skies ), 1318 - Khusrow 's masnavi on the reign of Qutb ud - Din Mubarak Shah Khilji, which includes vivid perceptions of India and its culture. Ijaz - e-Khusravi ( The Miracles of Khusrow ) - an assortment of prose consisting of five volumes. Baqia - Naqia ( Remnants of Purity ), 1317 - compiled by Khusrow at the age of 64. Afzal ul - Fawaid ( Greatest of Blessings ), 1319 - a work of prose containing the teachings of Nizamuddin Auliya. Tughlaq Nama ( Book of the Tughlaqs ), 1320 - a historic masnavi of the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty. Nihayat ul - Kamaal ( The Zenith of Perfection ), 1325 - compiled by Khusrow probably a few weeks before his death. Qissa Chahar Dervesh ( The Tale of the Four Dervishes ) - a dastan told by Khusrow to Nizamuddin Auliya, resulting in Auliya becoming cured from his illness. Ḳhāliq Bārī - a versified glossary of Persian, Arabic, and Hindavi words and phrases often attributed to Amir Khusrow. Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani argued that it was completed in 1622 in Gwalior by Ẓiyā ud - Dīn Ḳhusrau. Jawahir - e-Khusravi - a divan often dubbed as Khusrow 's Hindavi divan. See also Poetry portal Indian literature List of Persian poets and authors References Jump up ^ Rashid, Omar ( 23 July 2012 ). `` Chasing Khusro ''. Chennai, India : The Hindu. Retrieved 5 August 2012. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta ( 1980 ). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. 1. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 10. ISBN 9788120706170. Jump up ^ Latif, Syed Abdulla ( 1979 ) ( 1958 ). An Outline of the Cultural History of India. Institute of Indo - Middle East Cultural Studies ( reprinted by Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers ). p. 334. ISBN 81 - 7069 - 085 - 4. Jump up ^ Regula Burckhardt Qureshi, Harold S. Powers. Sufi Music of India. Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 109, No. 4 ( Oct. -- Dec. 1989 ), pp. 702 -- 705. doi : 10.2307 / 604123. ^ Jump up to : Schimmel, A. `` Amīr Ḵosrow Dehlavī ''. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Eisenbrauns Inc. Retrieved 14 May 2016. Jump up ^ `` Амир Хосров Дехлеви '', Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1970 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : Dr. Iraj Bashiri. `` Amir Khusrau Dihlavi ''. 2001 Jump up ^ Islamic Culture, by the Islamic Cultural Board, Muhammad Asad, Academic and Cultural Publications Charitable Trust ( Hyderabad, India ), Marmaduke William Pickthall, 1927, p. 219 Jump up ^ http://www.hazratmehboob-e-elahi.org/chapter-IV-1.htm#a Jump up ^ Nizamuddin Auliya Jump up ^ `` ' Aaj rang hai ' - Qawwali revisited ''. TwoCircle.net. Retrieved 2013 - 03 - 08., Retrieved 16 September 2015 Jump up ^ Delhi Sultanate ^ Jump up to : Sharma, Sunil ( 2005 ). Amir Khusraw : the poet of Sufis and sultans. Oxford : Oneworld. p. 79. ISBN 1851683623. Jump up ^ In the Bazaar of Love : The Selected Poetry of Amir Khusrau, Paul E Losensky, Penguin UK, 2013 Jump up ^ Khusrau 's Hindvi Poetry, An Academic Riddle ? Yousuf Saeed, 2003 Jump up ^ Tariq, Rahman. `` Punjabi Language during British Rule '' ( PDF ). JPS. 14 ( 1 ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 15 September 2012. Jump up ^ Mohammad Habib. Hazrat Amir Khusrau of Delhi, 1979, p. 4 Jump up ^ Islamic Cultural Board. Islamic Culture, 1927, p. 219 Jump up ^ Amir Khusrau : Memorial Volume, by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi, 1975, p. 98 Jump up ^ Amir Khusrau : Memorial Volume, by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi, 1975, p. 1 Jump up ^ G.N. Devy. Indian Literary Criticism : Theory and Interpretation, Orient Longman, Published 2002 Jump up ^ Amir Khusrau : Memorial Volume, by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi, 1975, p. 1 Jump up ^ http://films.hindi-movies-songs.com/k-anwar.html, Pakistani musician Khurshid Anwar 's tribute to Amir Khusrow in 1976 on his 700th Birth Anniversary, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017 Jump up ^ Rajan, Anjana ( 29 April 2011 ). `` Window to Persia ''. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Jump up ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/zubin-mehta-s-concert-mesmerises-kashmir-113090700518_1.html Jump up ^ `` Zubin Mehta 's concert mesmerizes Kashmir - The Times of India ''. The Times Of India. Jump up ^ Shahjahanabad : The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639 - 1739, Volume 49 of Cambridge South Asian Studies, Stephen P. Blake, Cambridge University Press, 2002 pp. 44 Jump up ^ Shīrānī, Ḥāfiż Mahmūd. `` Dībācha - ye duvum ( Second Preface ). '' In Ḥifż ' al - Lisān ( a.k.a. Ḳhāliq Bārī ), edited by Ḥāfiż Mahmūd Shīrānī. Delhi : Anjumman - e Taraqqi - e Urdū, 1944. Further reading E.G. Browne. Literary History of Persia. ( Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty - five years in the writing ). 1998. ISBN 0 - 7007 - 0406 - X Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. ASIN B - 000 - 6BXVT - K R.M. Chopra, `` The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo - Persian Literature '', Iran Culture House New Delhi and Iran Society, Kolkata, 2nd Ed. 2013. Sunil Sharma, Amir Khusraw : Poets of Sultans and Sufis. Oxford : Oneworld Press, 2005. Paul Losensky and Sunil Sharma, In the Bazaar of Love : Selected Poetry of Amir Khusrau. New Delhi : Penguin, 2011. R.M. Chopra, `` Great Poets of Classical Persian '', Sparrow Publication, Kolkata, 2014, ISBN 978 - 81 - 89140 - 75 - 5 Further reading Important Works of Amir Khusrau ( Complete ) The Khaza'inul Futuh ( Treasures of Victory ) of Hazarat Amir Khusrau of Delhi English Translation by Muhammad Habib ( AMU ). 1931. Poems of Amir Khusrau The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians : The Muhammadan Period, by Sir H.M. Elliot. Vol III. 1866 - 177. page 523 - 566. Táríkh - i ' Aláí ; or, Khazáínu - l Futúh, of Amír Khusrú The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians : The Muhammadan Period, by Sir H.M. Elliot. Vol III. 1866 - 177. Page : 67 - 92. For greater details refer to `` Great Poets of Classical Persian '' by R.M. Chopra, Sparrow Publication, Kolkata, 2014, ( ISBN 978 - 81 - 89140 - 75 - 5 ) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amir Khusrow. Works by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi at Project Gutenberg Sufism Original Persian poems of Amir Khusrow at WikiDorj, free library of Persian poetry VIAF : 76503034 LCCN : n79065219 ISNI : 0000 0001 0124 0717 GND : 11884783X SELIBR : 35469 SUDOC : 073341630 BNF : cb13929460p ( data ) BIBSYS : 90636968 MusicBrainz : b8ee65ce - 8592 - 4b22 - 9e07 - 37fe233bdf29 NLA : 35006030 ICCU : IT ICCU CFIV 121957 IATH : w6057qd8 Persian literature Old Behistun Inscription Old Persian inscriptions Ganjnameh Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island Middle Ayadgar - i Zariran Counsels of Adurbad - e Mahrspandan Dēnkard Book of Jamasp Book of Arda Viraf Karnamak - i Artaxshir - i Papakan Cube of Zoroaster Dana - i Menog Khrat Shabuhragan of Mani Shahrestanha - ye Eranshahr Bundahishn Menog - i Khrad Jamasp Namag Dadestan - i Denig Anthology of Zadspram Warshtmansr Zand - i Wahman yasn Drakht - i Asurig Shikand - gumanig Vizar Classical 900s Rudaki Abu - Mansur Daqiqi Ferdowsi ( Shahnameh ) Abu Shakur Balkhi Abu Tahir Khosrovani Shahid Balkhi Bal'ami Rabia Balkhi Abusaeid Abolkheir ( 967 -- 1049 ) Avicenna ( 980 -- 1037 ) Unsuri Asjadi Kisai Marvazi Ayyuqi 1000s Bābā Tāher Nasir Khusraw ( 1004 -- 1088 ) Al - Ghazali ( 1058 -- 1111 ) Khwaja Abdullah Ansari ( 1006 -- 1088 ) Asadi Tusi Qatran Tabrizi ( 1009 -- 1072 ) Nizam al - Mulk ( 1018 -- 1092 ) Masud Sa 'd Salman ( 1046 -- 1121 ) Moezi Neyshapuri Omar Khayyām ( 1048 -- 1131 ) Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani Ahmad Ghazali Hujwiri Manuchehri Ayn - al - Quzat Hamadani ( 1098 -- 1131 ) Uthman Mukhtari Abu - al - Faraj Runi Sanai Banu Goshasp Borzu - Nama Afdal al - Din Kashani Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al - Daylami Mu'izzi Mahsati Ganjavi 1100s Hakim Iranshah Suzani Samarqandi Hassan Ghaznavi Faramarz Nama Shahab al - Din Suhrawardi ( 1155 -- 1191 ) Adib Sabir Falaki Shirvani Am'aq Najm al - Din Razi Attār ( 1142 -- c. 1220 ) Khaghani ( 1120 -- 1190 ) Anvari ( 1126 -- 1189 ) Faramarz - e Khodadad Nizami Ganjavi ( 1141 -- 1209 ) Fakhr al - Din al - Razi ( 1149 -- 1209 ) Kamal al - din Esfahani Shams Tabrizi ( d. 1248 ) 1200s Abu Tahir Tarsusi Awhadi Maraghai Shams al - Din Qays Razi Sultan Walad Nasīr al - Dīn al - Tūsī Afdal al - Din Kashani Fakhr - al - 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Taqi Bahar Reza Baraheni Simin Behbahani Dehkhoda Hushang Ebtehaj Bijan Elahi Parviz Eslampour Parvin E'tesami Forough Farrokhzad Hossein Monzavi Hushang Irani Iraj Mirza Bijan Jalali Siavash Kasraie Esmail Khoi Shams Langeroodi Mohammad Mokhtari Nosrat Rahmani Yadollah Royaee Tahereh Saffarzadeh Sohrab Sepehri Mohammad - Reza Shafiei Kadkani Mohammad - Hossein Shahriar Ahmad Shamlou Manouchehr Sheybani Nima Yooshij Fereydoon Moshiri Rasoul Yunan Armenia Edward Haghverdian Afghanistan Nadia Anjuman Wasef Bakhtari Raziq Faani Khalilullah Khalili Youssof Kohzad Massoud Nawabi Abdul Ali Mustaghni Tajikistan Sadriddin Ayni Farzona Iskandar Khatloni Abolqasem Lahouti Gulrukhsor Safieva Loiq Sher - Ali Payrav Sulaymoni Mirzo Tursunzoda Uzbekistan Asad Gulzoda Pakistan Muhammad Iqbal Novels Ali Mohammad Afghani Ghazaleh Alizadeh Bozorg Alavi Reza Amirkhani Mahshid Amirshahi Reza Baraheni Simin Daneshvar Mahmoud Dowlatabadi Reza Ghassemi Houshang Golshiri Aboutorab Khosravi Ahmad Mahmoud Shahriyar Mandanipour Abbas Maroufi Iraj Pezeshkzad Short stories Jalal Al - 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Saless Translators Amrollah Abjadian Jaleh Amouzgar Najaf Daryabandari Behzad Ghaderi Sohi Mohammad Ghazi Lili Golestan Sadegh Hedayat Saleh Hosseini Ahmad Kamyabi Mask Mohammad Moin Ebrahim Pourdavoud Hamid Samandarian Jalal Sattari Jafar Shahidi Ahmad Shamlou Ahmad Tafazzoli Abbas Zaryab Essayists Aydin Aghdashloo Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi Ehsan Yarshater Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of Iran, Tajikistan and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. 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Question: who was known as the parrot of india
Answer: Amīr Khusrow Dehlavī