Beijing dialect - wikipedia Beijing dialect Beijing dialect Pekingese 北京 話 Běijīnghuà Region Beijing urban districts Language family Sino - Tibetan Chinese Mandarin Beijing Mandarin Beijing dialect Language codes ISO 639 - 3 -- ISO 639 - 6 bjjg Linguist List cmn - bej Glottolog beij1234 Linguasphere 79 - AAA - bb This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help : IPA. This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. The Beijing dialect ( simplified Chinese : 北京 话 ; traditional Chinese : 北京 話 ; pinyin : Běijīnghuà ), also known as Pekingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, which is the official language in the People 's Republic of China and Republic of China and one of the official languages in Singapore. Although the Beijing dialect and Standard Chinese are similar, various differences generally make clear to Chinese speakers whether an individual is a native of Beijing speaking the local Beijing variant or is an individual speaking Standard Chinese. Contents 1 Beijing Mandarin 2 Mutual intelligibility with other Mandarin dialects 3 Phonology 3.1 Influence of Beijing dialect phonology on Manchu 4 Vocabulary 5 Grammar 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Beijing Mandarin In the classification used by the Language Atlas of China, the Beijing dialect is included in a dialect group called Beijing Mandarin ( simplified Chinese : 北京 官话 ; traditional Chinese : 北京 官 話 ; pinyin : Běijīng Guānhuà ), distinguished from other Mandarin subgroups by the tonal reflexes of syllables that had Middle Chinese stop codas ( the so - called entering tone category ). In the Atlas, Beijing Mandarin is divided into four subgroups : Jīngshī ( 京师 ), covering the urban area of the capital. Huái -- Chéng ( 怀 承 ), on the southeast edge of Beijing around Langfang, Huairou District and other northern districts of the municipality, and the northern part of Hebei, including the city of Chengde. Cháo -- Fēng ( 朝 峰 ), spoken in a strip between the Huai -- Cheng dialects and the Northeast Mandarin area, and including the cities of Chaoyang and Chifeng. Shí -- Kè ( 石 克 ) or northern Xinjiang, including the cities of Shihezi and Karamay. In the second edition of the Atlas published in 2012, the Shí -- Kè dialects are re-allocated to the Northern Xinjiang subgroup of Lanyin Mandarin, and the Jīngshī and Huái -- Chéng subgroups are demoted to clusters of a new Jīng -- Chéng ( 京 承 ) subgroup. Mutual intelligibility with other Mandarin dialects Dungan language speakers like Iasyr Shivaza and others have reported that Chinese who speak Beijing dialect can understand Dungan, but Dungans could not understand the Beijing Mandarin. Phonology This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help : IPA. In fundamental structure, the phonology of the Beijing dialect and Standard Chinese are almost identical. In part, this is because the pronunciation of Standard Chinese was based on Beijing pronunciation. ( See Standard Chinese for its phonology charts ; the same basic structure applies to the Beijing dialect. ) However, some striking differences exist. Most prominent is the proliferation of rhotic vowels. All rhotic vowels are the result of the use of the - 儿 / - ɚ /, a noun suffix, except for a few words pronounced ( ɐɚ̯ ) that do not have this suffix. In Standard Chinese, these also occur but much less often than they appear in Beijing dialect. This phenomenon is known as érhuà ( 儿 化 ) or rhotacization, as is considered one of the iconic characteristics of Beijing Mandarin. When / w / occurs in syllable - initial position, many speakers use ( ʋ ) before vowels other than ( o ) as in 我 wǒ, and ( u ) as in 五 wu, e.g. 尾巴 wěiba ( ʋei̯ ˨ pa ˦ ). Moreover, Beijing dialect has a few phonetic reductions that are usually considered too `` colloquial '' for use in Standard Chinese. For example, in fast speech, initial consonants go through lenition if they are in an unstressed syllable : pinyin ⟨ zh ch sh ⟩ / tʂ tʂh ʂ / become ⟨ r ⟩ / ɻ /, so 不 知道 bùzhīdào `` do n't know '' can sound like bùrdào ; ⟨ jqx ⟩ / tɕ tɕh ɕ / become ⟨ y ⟩ / j /, so 赶紧 去 gǎnjǐnqù `` go quickly '' can sound like gǎnyǐnqù ; pinyin ⟨ bdg ⟩ / ptk / go through voicing to become ( bd ɡ ) ; similar changes also occur on other consonants. Some of these changes yield syllables that violate the syllable structure of Standard Chinese, such as 大 柵欄 Dà Zhàlán Street, which locals pronounce as Dàshlàr. The tones of Beijing dialect tend to be more exaggerated than Standard Chinese. In Standard Chinese, the four tones are high flat, high rising, low dipping, and falling ; in Beijing dialect, the first two tones are higher, the third one dips more prominently, and the fourth one falls more. Influence of Beijing dialect phonology on Manchu Many of the Manchu words are now pronounced with some Chinese peculiarities of pronunciation, so k before i and e = ch ', g before i and e = ch, h and s before i = hs, etc. H before a, o, u, ū, is the guttural Scotch or German ch. A Manchu Grammar : With Analysed Texts, Paul Georg von Möllendorff, p. 1. The Chinese Northern Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing had a major impact on the phonology of the dialect of Manchu spoken in Beijing, and since Manchu phonology was transcribed into Chinese and European sources based on the sinified pronunciation of Manchus from Beijing, the original authentic Manchu pronunciation is unknown to scholars. The Manchus that lived in Peking ( Beijing ) were influenced by the Chinese dialect spoken in the area to the point where pronouncing Manchu sounds was hard for them, and they pronounced Manchu according to Chinese phonetics, while in contrast, the Manchus of Aigun ( in Heilongjiang ) could both pronounce Manchu sounds properly and mimick the sinified pronunciation of Manchus in Peking ( Beijing ), since they learned the Pekinese ( Beijing ) pronunciation from either studying in Peking or from officials sent to Aigun from Beijing, and they could tell them apart, using the Chinese influenced Pekinese pronunciation when demonstrating that they were better educated or their superior stature in society. Vocabulary Beijing dialect typically uses many words that are considered slang, and therefore occur much less or not at all in Standard Chinese. Speakers not native to Beijing may have trouble understanding many or most of these. Many of such slang words employ the rhotic suffix `` - r '', which is known as erhua. Examples include : 倍 儿 bèir -- very, especially ( referring to manner or attribute ) 别 价 biéjie -- do not ; usually followed by 呀 if used as an imperative ( usually used when rejecting a favor or politeness from close friends ) 搓 火 儿 cuōhuǒr -- to be angry 颠 儿 了 diārle -- to leave ; to run away 二 把 刀 èrbǎdāo -- a person with limited abilities, klutz 撒丫子 sayazi -- to let go on feet, to go, leave. 怂 sóng / 蔫 儿 niār -- no backbone, spiritless 消停 xiāoting -- to finally and thankfully become quiet and calm 辙 zhé -- way ( to do something ) ; equivalent to Standard Chinese 办法 褶子 了 zhezile -- ruined ( especially things to do ) 上 shang - often used in place of 去, meaning `` to go ''. 搁 ge - often used in place of 放, meaning `` to place ''. Some Beijing phrases may be somewhat disseminated outside Beijing : 抠门 儿 kōumér -- stingy, miserly ( may be used even outside Beijing ) 劳驾 láojia -- `` Excuse me '' ; heard often on public transportation, from Classical Chinese 溜达 liūda -- to stroll about ; equivalent to Standard Chinese 逛街 or 散步 Note that some of the slang are considered to be tuhua ( 土话 ), or `` base '' or `` uneducated '' language, that are carryovers from an older generation and are no longer used amongst more educated speakers, for example : 起 小儿 qíxiǎor -- since a young age, similar to 打 小儿 dǎxiǎor, which is more often used by the younger generation 晕 菜 yūncài -- to be disoriented, to be confused, to be bewildered Others may be viewed as neologistic expressions used among younger speakers and in `` trendier '' circles : 爽 shuǎng -- cool ( in relation to a matter ) ; cf. 酷 ( kù ) ( describes a person ) 套 瓷 儿 tàocír -- to toss into the hoop ; used of basketball 小 蜜 xiǎomì -- special female friend ( negative connotation ) Grammar The Beijing dialect has been studied by linguists including Joseph Edkins and Robert Morrison. There are important dissimilarities between Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect Mandarin even as Beijing Mandarin 's phonology is held to be the same as Standard Mandarin 's. 2 Both southern and Mandarin features of syntax were mixed into Standard Mandarin while northern Mandarin is the main basis of Beijing Mandarin and this sets the syntax of Standard Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin apart. The grammar of the Beijing dialect utilizes colloquial expressions differently from Standard Chinese. In general, Standard Chinese is influenced by Classical Chinese, which makes it more condensed and concise ; Beijing dialect can therefore seem more longwinded ( though note the generally faster speaking rate and phonetic reductions of colloquial Beijing speech ). An example : Standard Chinese : 今天 会 下 雨, 所以 出门 的 时候 要 记得 带 雨伞. Jīntiān huì xiàyǔ, suǒyǐ chūmén de shíhou yào jìde dài yǔsan. Translation : It is going to rain today, so remember to bring an umbrella when you go out. Beijing dialect : 今 儿 得 下 雨, ( 所以 ) 出门 儿 时候 记 着 带 雨伞 ! Jīnr děi xiàyǔ, ( suǒyǐ ) chūménr shíhòu jìzhe dài yǔsan ! Under the influence of the Beijing dialect 's phonetic reductions : Jīr děi xiàyǔ, ( suǒyǐ ) chūmér ríhòu jìr dài yǔsan ! See also China portal Journalism portal List of Chinese dialects References Jump up ^ Hammarström, Harald ; Forkel, Robert ; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. ( 2017 ). `` Beijing Mandarin ''. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany : Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Jump up ^ Beijing dialect. WordNet 3.0, 2006 by Princeton University. Jump up ^ Yan, Margaret Mian ( 2006 ). Introduction to Chinese Dialectology. LINCOM Europa. p. 61. ISBN 978 - 3 - 89586 - 629 - 6. Jump up ^ Kurpaska, Maria ( 2010 ). Chinese Language ( s ) : A Look Through the Prism of `` The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects ''. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 64 -- 65. ISBN 978 - 3 - 11 - 021914 - 2. Jump up ^ Wurm, Stephen Adolphe ; Li, Rong ; Baumann, Theo ; Lee, Mei W. ( 1987 ). Language Atlas of China. Longman. Maps B2 and B5. ISBN 978 - 962 - 359 - 085 - 3. Jump up ^ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ( 2012 ). Zhōngguó yǔyán dìtú jí ( dì 2 bǎn ) : Hànyǔ fāngyán juǎn 中国 语言 地图 集 ( 第 2 版 ) : 汉语 方言 卷 ( Language Atlas of China ( 2nd edition ) : Chinese dialect volume ). Beijing : The Commercial Press. p. 11. Jump up ^ Fu ren da xue ( Beijing, China ) ; S.V.D. Research Institute ; Society of the Divine Word ; Monumenta Serica Institute ( 1977 ). Monumenta serica, Volume 33. H. Vetch. p. 351. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 15. Jump up ^ Seth Wiener & Ya - ting Shih. `` Divergent places of articulation : ( w ) and ( ʋ ) in modern spoken Mandarin '' ( PDF ). Jump up ^ Language Log Jump up ^ Möllendorff, Paul Georg von ( 1892 ). A Manchu Grammar : With Analysed Texts ( reprint ed. ). Shanghai : Printed at the American Presbyterian mission Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on Oct 26, 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2013. ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. ( 2002 ). Manchu Grammar, Part 8. Volume 7 of Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic and Central Asian Studies. Brill. p. 77. ISBN 9004123075. Retrieved 25 August 2014. Jump up ^ Cahiers de linguistique : Asie orientale, Volumes 31 - 32. Contributor Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales. Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale. Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale. 2002. p. 208. Retrieved 25 August 2014. Jump up ^ Shirokogoroff, S.M. ( 1934 ) ( August 1929 ). `` Reading and Transliteration of Manchu Lit. ''. Archives polonaises d'etudes orientales, Volumes 8 - 10. Contributors Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne, Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Orientalistycznych. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. p. 122. Retrieved 25 August 2014. Jump up ^ Missionary recorder : a repository of intelligence from eastern missions, and a medium of general information, Volume 1. FOOCHOW : American M.E. Mission Press. 1867. p. 40. Retrieved 23 September 2011. Jump up ^ Chirkova, Katia ; Chen, Yiya. `` Běijīng Mandarin, the language of Běijīng ''. In Sybesma, Rint. Encyclopedia of Chinese Linguistics ( PDF ). Leiden : Brill. p. 11. External links Balfour, Frederic Henry ( 1883 ). Idiomatic Dialogues in the Peking Colloquial for the Use of Students. SHANGHAI, HANKOW ROAD : Printed at the `` North - China Herald '' office. Retrieved 24 April 2014. George Carter Stent ; Donald MacGillivray ( 1898 ). A Chinese and English vocabulary in the Pekinese dialect ( 3rd ed. ). American Presbyterian Mission Press. Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 15. ( 2 ) Ireneus László Legeza ( 1968 ). Guide to transliterated Chinese in the modern Peking dialect. Brill Archive. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Ireneus László Legeza ( 1968 ). Guide to transliterated Chinese in the modern Peking dialect. Brill Archive. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Ireneus László Legeza ( 1968 ). Guide to transliterated Chinese in the modern Peking dialect, Volume 1. E.J. Brill. p. 438. Retrieved 1 March 2012. ( the University of Michigan ) ( Digitized May 14, 2008 ) Ireneus László Legeza ( 1969 ). Guide to transliterated Chinese in the modern Peking dialect, Volume 2. E.J. Brill. Retrieved 1 March 2012. ( the University of Michigan ) ( Digitized May 14, 2008 ) Chinese language ( s ) Major subdivisions Mandarin Northeastern Harbin Shenyang Beijing Beijing Karamay Ji -- Lu Tianjin Jinan Jiao -- Liao Dalian Qingdao Weihai Central Plains Gangou Guanzhong Luoyang Xuzhou Dungan Dongping Lan -- Yin Southwestern Sichuanese Kunming Minjiang Wuhan Lower Yangtze Nanjing Wu Taihu Shanghainese Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Hangzhou Shaoxing Ningbo Jinxiang Jiangyin Shadi Taizhou Wu Taizhou Oujiang Wenzhou Wuzhou Jinhua Chu -- Qu Quzhou Jiangshan Qingtian Xuanzhou Gan Chang -- Du Yi -- Liu Ying -- Yi Da -- Tong Xiang New Changsha Old Shuangfeng Ji -- Xu Yong -- Quan Qiyang Min Eastern Fuzhou Fuqing Fu'an Manjiang Southern Hokkien Quanzhou Zhangzhou Amoy Taiwanese Philippine Hokkien Medan Hokkien Penang Hokkien Singaporean Hokkien Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien Zhenan Longyan Teochew Shantou Haifeng Zhongshan Nanlang Sanxiang other Northern Jian'ou Jianyang Central Pu -- Xian Shao -- Jiang Leizhou Zhanjiang Hainan Hakka Meixian Wuhua Tingzhou Changting Taiwanese Hakka Sixian dialect Raoping dialect Yue Yuehai Cantonese Xiguan Jiujiang Shiqi Weitou Dapeng Gao -- Yang Siyi Taishan Goulou Wu -- Hua Yong -- Xun Luo -- Guang Qin -- Lian Proposed Huizhou Jin Hohhot Pinghua Unclassified Danzhou Mai Shaozhou Tuhua Waxiang Description of Mandarin Chinese Chinese grammar Chinese classifier Chinese Idiom Standardized forms Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ) Sichuanese Taiwanese Philippine Malaysian Singaporean Cantonese Taiwanese Hokkien Phonology Historical Old Old National Cantonese Mandarin Literary and colloquial readings History Old Chinese Eastern Han Middle Chinese Old Mandarin Middle Mandarin Proto - Min Ba -- Shu Gan Literary forms Official Classical Adoption in Vietnam Vernacular Other varieties Written Cantonese Written Dungan Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Standard Simplified Traditional Historical Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Braille Cantonese Braille Mainland Chinese Braille Taiwanese Braille Two - Cell Chinese Braille Other Romanization Pinyin Wade -- Giles Bopomofo Xiao'erjing Nüshu Chinese punctuation Taiwanese kana Dungan Cyrillic List of varieties of Chinese Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing_dialect&oldid=797068237 '' Categories : Mandarin Chinese City colloquials Culture in Beijing Hidden categories : Articles containing Chinese - language text Dialects of languages with ISO 639 - 3 code Dialects with Linguist List code Languages without ISO 639 - 3 code but with Glottolog code Languages without ISO 639 - 3 code but with Linguasphere code Dialect articles with speakers set to ' unknown ' Articles containing simplified Chinese - language text Articles containing traditional Chinese - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bân - lâm - gú Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Українська اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 August 2017, at 19 : 34. 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Question: what kind of chinese do they speak in beijing
Answer: Mandarin