Polygon - wikipedia Polygon For other uses, see Polygon ( disambiguation ). Some polygons of different kinds : open ( excluding its boundary ), boundary only ( excluding interior ), closed ( including both boundary and interior ), and self - intersecting. In elementary geometry, a polygon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit. These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners. The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body. An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example, a triangle is a 3 - gon. A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions. The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes. Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect, and they often define a polygon accordingly. A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself, creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons. These and other generalizations of polygons are described below. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Classification 2.1 Number of sides 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity 2.3 Equality and symmetry 2.4 Miscellaneous 3 Properties and formulas 3.1 Angles 3.2 Area and centroid 3.2. 1 Simple polygons 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons 4 Generalizations of polygons 5 Naming polygons 5.1 Constructing higher names 6 History 7 Polygons in nature 8 Polygons in computer graphics 9 See also 10 References 10.1 Bibliography 10.2 Notes 11 External links Etymology The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '', `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle ''. It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon ''. Classification Some different types of polygon Number of sides Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides. See table below. Convexity and non-convexity Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice. As a consequence, all its interior angles are less than 180 °. Equivalently, any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints. Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice. Equivalently, there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon. Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself. All convex polygons are simple. Concave. Non-convex and simple. There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 °. Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point, without crossing any edge. The polygon must be simple, and may be convex or concave. Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself. Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic, though this term does not seem to be widely used. The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple, but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions. Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way. A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped. Equality and symmetry Equiangular : all corner angles are equal. Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle, called the circumcircle. Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit. The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular. Equilateral : all edges are of the same length. The polygon need not be convex. Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle. Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit. The polygon is also equilateral and tangential. Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal. Equivalently, it is both cyclic and equilateral, or both equilateral and equiangular. A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon. Miscellaneous Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles, i.e., all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees. Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice. Properties and formulas Euclidean geometry is assumed throughout. Angles Any polygon has as many corners as it has sides. Each corner has several angles. The two most important ones are : Interior angle -- The sum of the interior angles of a simple n - gon is ( n − 2 ) π radians or ( n − 2 ) × 180 degrees. This is because any simple n - gon ( having n sides ) can be considered to be made up of ( n − 2 ) triangles, each of which has an angle sum of π radians or 180 degrees. The measure of any interior angle of a convex regular n - gon is ( 1 − 2 n ) π ( displaystyle left ( 1 - ( \tfrac ( 2 ) ( n ) ) \right ) pi ) radians or 180 − 360 n ( displaystyle 180 - ( \tfrac ( 360 ) ( n ) ) ) degrees. The interior angles of regular star polygons were first studied by Poinsot, in the same paper in which he describes the four regular star polyhedra : for a regular p q ( displaystyle ( \tfrac ( p ) ( q ) ) ) - gon ( a p - gon with central density q ), each interior angle is π ( p − 2 q ) p ( displaystyle ( \tfrac ( pi ( p - 2q ) ) ( p ) ) ) radians or 180 ( p − 2 q ) p ( displaystyle ( \tfrac ( 180 ( p - 2q ) ) ( p ) ) ) degrees. Exterior angle -- The exterior angle is the supplementary angle to the interior angle. Tracing around a convex n - gon, the angle `` turned '' at a corner is the exterior or external angle. Tracing all the way around the polygon makes one full turn, so the sum of the exterior angles must be 360 °. This argument can be generalized to concave simple polygons, if external angles that turn in the opposite direction are subtracted from the total turned. Tracing around an n - gon in general, the sum of the exterior angles ( the total amount one rotates at the vertices ) can be any integer multiple d of 360 °, e.g. 720 ° for a pentagram and 0 ° for an angular `` eight '' or antiparallelogram, where d is the density or starriness of the polygon. See also orbit ( dynamics ). Area and centroid Simple polygons Coordinates of a non-convex pentagon. For a non-self - intersecting ( simple ) polygon with n vertices x, y ( i = 1 to n ), the signed area and the Cartesian coordinates of the centroid are given by : A = 1 2 ∑ i = 0 n − 1 ( x i y i + 1 − x i + 1 y i ), ( displaystyle A = ( \frac ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) sum _ ( i = 0 ) ^ ( n - 1 ) ( x_ ( i ) y_ ( i + 1 ) - x_ ( i + 1 ) y_ ( i ) ), , ) 16 A 2 = ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n Q i, j Q i, j + 1, Q i + 1, j Q i + 1, j + 1, ( displaystyle 16A ^ ( 2 ) = sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) sum _ ( j = 1 ) ^ ( n ) ( \begin ( vmatrix ) Q_ ( i, j ) &Q_ ( i, j + 1 ), Q_ ( i + 1, j ) &Q_ ( i + 1, j + 1 ) end ( vmatrix ) ), , ) where Q i, j ( displaystyle Q_ ( i, j ) ) is the squared distance between ( x i, y i ) ( displaystyle ( x_ ( i ), y_ ( i ) ) ) and ( x j, y j ) ; ( displaystyle ( x_ ( j ), y_ ( j ) ) ; ) and C x = 1 6 A ∑ i = 0 n − 1 ( x i + x i + 1 ) ( x i y i + 1 − x i + 1 y i ), ( displaystyle C_ ( x ) = ( \frac ( 1 ) ( 6A ) ) sum _ ( i = 0 ) ^ ( n - 1 ) ( x_ ( i ) + x_ ( i + 1 ) ) ( x_ ( i ) y_ ( i + 1 ) - x_ ( i + 1 ) y_ ( i ) ), , ) C y = 1 6 A ∑ i = 0 n − 1 ( y i + y i + 1 ) ( x i y i + 1 − x i + 1 y i ). ( displaystyle C_ ( y ) = ( \frac ( 1 ) ( 6A ) ) sum _ ( i = 0 ) ^ ( n - 1 ) ( y_ ( i ) + y_ ( i + 1 ) ) ( x_ ( i ) y_ ( i + 1 ) - x_ ( i + 1 ) y_ ( i ) ). , ) To close the polygon, the first and last vertices are the same, i.e., x, y = x, y. The vertices must be ordered according to positive or negative orientation ( counterclockwise or clockwise, respectively ) ; if they are ordered negatively, the value given by the area formula will be negative but correct in absolute value, but when calculating C x ( displaystyle C_ ( x ) ) and C y ( displaystyle C_ ( y ) ), the signed value of A ( displaystyle A ) ( which in this case is negative ) should be used. This is commonly called the shoelace formula or Surveyor 's formula. The area A of a simple polygon can also be computed if the lengths of the sides, a, a,..., a and the exterior angles, θ, θ,..., θ are known, from : A = 1 2 ( a 1 ( a 2 sin ⁡ ( θ 1 ) + a 3 sin ⁡ ( θ 1 + θ 2 ) + ⋯ + a n − 1 sin ⁡ ( θ 1 + θ 2 + ⋯ + θ n − 2 ) ) + a 2 ( a 3 sin ⁡ ( θ 2 ) + a 4 sin ⁡ ( θ 2 + θ 3 ) + ⋯ + a n − 1 sin ⁡ ( θ 2 + ⋯ + θ n − 2 ) ) + ⋯ + a n − 2 ( a n − 1 sin ⁡ ( θ n − 2 ) ) ). ( displaystyle ( \begin ( aligned ) A = ( \frac ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) ( a_ ( 1 ) ( a_ ( 2 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 1 ) ) + a_ ( 3 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 1 ) + \theta _ ( 2 ) ) + cdots + a_ ( n - 1 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 1 ) + \theta _ ( 2 ) + cdots + \theta _ ( n - 2 ) ) ) ( ) + a_ ( 2 ) ( a_ ( 3 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 2 ) ) + a_ ( 4 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 2 ) + \theta _ ( 3 ) ) + cdots + a_ ( n - 1 ) sin ( \theta _ ( 2 ) + cdots + \theta _ ( n - 2 ) ) ) ( ) + cdots + a_ ( n - 2 ) ( a_ ( n - 1 ) sin ( \theta _ ( n - 2 ) ) ) ). end ( aligned ) ) ) The formula was described by Lopshits in 1963. If the polygon can be drawn on an equally spaced grid such that all its vertices are grid points, Pick 's theorem gives a simple formula for the polygon 's area based on the numbers of interior and boundary grid points : the former number plus one - half the latter number, minus 1. In every polygon with perimeter p and area A, the isoperimetric inequality p 2 > 4 π A ( displaystyle p ^ ( 2 ) > 4 pi A ) holds. If any two simple polygons of equal area are given, then the first can be cut into polygonal pieces which can be reassembled to form the second polygon. This is the Bolyai -- Gerwien theorem. The area of a regular polygon is also given in terms of the radius r of its inscribed circle and its perimeter p by A = 1 2 ⋅ p ⋅ r. ( displaystyle A = ( \tfrac ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) cdot p cdot r. ) This radius is also termed its apothem and is often represented as a. The area of a regular n - gon with side s inscribed in a unit circle is A = n s 4 4 − s 2. ( displaystyle A = ( \frac ( ns ) ( 4 ) ) ( sqrt ( 4 - s ^ ( 2 ) ) ). ) The area of a regular n - gon in terms of the radius R of its circumscribed circle and its perimeter p is given by A = R 2 ⋅ p ⋅ 1 − p 2 4 n 2 R 2. ( displaystyle A = ( \frac ( R ) ( 2 ) ) cdot p cdot ( sqrt ( 1 - ( \tfrac ( p ^ ( 2 ) ) ( 4n ^ ( 2 ) R ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ). ) The area of a regular n - gon inscribed in a unit - radius circle, with side s and interior angle α, ( displaystyle alpha, ) can also be expressed trigonometrically as A = n s 2 4 cot ⁡ π n = n s 2 4 cot ⁡ α n − 2 = n ⋅ sin ⁡ π n ⋅ cos ⁡ π n = n ⋅ sin ⁡ α n − 2 ⋅ cos ⁡ α n − 2. ( displaystyle A = ( \frac ( ns ^ ( 2 ) ) ( 4 ) ) cot ( \frac ( pi ) ( n ) ) = ( \frac ( ns ^ ( 2 ) ) ( 4 ) ) cot ( \frac ( alpha ) ( n - 2 ) ) = n cdot sin ( \frac ( pi ) ( n ) ) cdot cos ( \frac ( pi ) ( n ) ) = n cdot sin ( \frac ( alpha ) ( n - 2 ) ) cdot cos ( \frac ( alpha ) ( n - 2 ) ). ) The lengths of the sides of a polygon do not in general determine the area. However, if the polygon is cyclic the sides do determine the area. Of all n - gons with given sides, the one with the largest area is cyclic. Of all n - gons with a given perimeter, the one with the largest area is regular ( and therefore cyclic ). Self - intersecting polygons The area of a self - intersecting polygon can be defined in two different ways, each of which gives a different answer : Using the above methods for simple polygons, we allow that particular regions within the polygon may have their area multiplied by a factor which we call the density of the region. For example, the central convex pentagon in the center of a pentagram has density 2. The two triangular regions of a cross-quadrilateral ( like a figure 8 ) have opposite - signed densities, and adding their areas together can give a total area of zero for the whole figure. Considering the enclosed regions as point sets, we can find the area of the enclosed point set. This corresponds to the area of the plane covered by the polygon, or to the area of one or more simple polygons having the same outline as the self - intersecting one. In the case of the cross-quadrilateral, it is treated as two simple triangles. Generalizations of polygons The idea of a polygon has been generalized in various ways. Some of the more important include : A spherical polygon is a circuit of arcs of great circles ( sides ) and vertices on the surface of a sphere. It allows the digon, a polygon having only two sides and two corners, which is impossible in a flat plane. Spherical polygons play an important role in cartography ( map making ) and in Wythoff 's construction of the uniform polyhedra. A skew polygon does not lie in a flat plane, but zigzags in three ( or more ) dimensions. The Petrie polygons of the regular polytopes are well known examples. An apeirogon is an infinite sequence of sides and angles, which is not closed but has no ends because it extends indefinitely in both directions. A skew apeirogon is an infinite sequence of sides and angles that do not lie in a flat plane. A complex polygon is a configuration analogous to an ordinary polygon, which exists in the complex plane of two real and two imaginary dimensions. An abstract polygon is an algebraic partially ordered set representing the various elements ( sides, vertices, etc. ) and their connectivity. A real geometric polygon is said to be a realization of the associated abstract polygon. Depending on the mapping, all the generalizations described here can be realized. A polyhedron is a three - dimensional solid bounded by flat polygonal faces, analogous to a polygon in two dimensions. The corresponding shapes in four or higher dimensions are called polytopes. Naming polygons The word `` polygon '' comes from Late Latin polygōnum ( a noun ), from Greek πολύγωνον ( polygōnon / polugōnon ), noun use of neuter of πολύγωνος ( polygōnos / polugōnos, the masculine adjective ), meaning `` many - angled ''. Individual polygons are named ( and sometimes classified ) according to the number of sides, combining a Greek - derived numerical prefix with the suffix - gon, e.g. pentagon, dodecagon. The triangle, quadrilateral and nonagon are exceptions. Beyond decagons ( 10 - sided ) and dodecagons ( 12 - sided ), mathematicians generally use numerical notation, for example 17 - gon and 257 - gon. Exceptions exist for side counts that are more easily expressed in verbal form ( e.g. 20 and 30 ), or are used by non-mathematicians. Some special polygons also have their own names ; for example the regular star pentagon is also known as the pentagram. Polygon names and miscellaneous properties Name Edges Properties monogon Not generally recognised as a polygon, although some disciplines such as graph theory sometimes use the term. digon Not generally recognised as a polygon in the Euclidean plane, although it can exist as a spherical polygon. triangle ( or trigon ) The simplest polygon which can exist in the Euclidean plane. Can tile the plane. quadrilateral ( or tetragon ) The simplest polygon which can cross itself ; the simplest polygon which can be concave ; the simplest polygon which can be non-cyclic. Can tile the plane. pentagon 5 The simplest polygon which can exist as a regular star. A star pentagon is known as a pentagram or pentacle. hexagon 6 Can tile the plane. heptagon ( or septagon ) 7 The simplest polygon such that the regular form is not constructible with compass and straightedge. However, it can be constructed using a Neusis construction. octagon 8 nonagon ( or enneagon ) 9 `` Nonagon '' mixes Latin ( novem = 9 ) with Greek, `` enneagon '' is pure Greek. decagon 10 hendecagon ( or undecagon ) 11 The simplest polygon such that the regular form can not be constructed with compass, straightedge, and angle trisector. dodecagon ( or duodecagon ) 12 tridecagon ( or triskaidecagon ) 13 tetradecagon ( or tetrakaidecagon ) 14 pentadecagon ( or pentakaidecagon ) 15 hexadecagon ( or hexakaidecagon ) 16 heptadecagon ( or heptakaidecagon ) 17 Constructible polygon octadecagon ( or octakaidecagon ) 18 enneadecagon ( or enneakaidecagon ) 19 icosagon 20 icositetragon ( or icosikaitetragon ) 24 triacontagon 30 tetracontagon ( or tessaracontagon ) 40 pentacontagon ( or pentecontagon ) 50 hexacontagon ( or hexecontagon ) 60 heptacontagon ( or hebdomecontagon ) 70 octacontagon ( or ogdoëcontagon ) 80 enneacontagon ( or enenecontagon ) 90 hectogon ( or hecatontagon ) 100 257 Constructible polygon chiliagon 1000 Philosophers including René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, David Hume, have used the chiliagon as an example in discussions. myriagon 10,000 Used as an example in some philosophical discussions, for example in Descartes ' Meditations on First Philosophy 65,537 Constructible polygon megagon 1,000,000 As with René Descartes ' example of the chiliagon, the million - sided polygon has been used as an illustration of a well - defined concept that can not be visualised. The megagon is also used as an illustration of the convergence of regular polygons to a circle. apeirogon ∞ A degenerate polygon of infinitely many sides. Constructing higher names To construct the name of a polygon with more than 20 and less than 100 edges, combine the prefixes as follows. The `` kai '' term applies to 13 - gons and higher was used by Kepler, and advocated by John H. Conway for clarity to concatenated prefix numbers in the naming of quasiregular polyhedra. Tens and Ones final suffix - kai - - hena - - gon 20 icosi - ( icosa - when alone ) - di - 30 triaconta - ( or triconta - ) - tri - 40 tetraconta - ( or tessaraconta - ) - tetra - 50 pentaconta - ( or penteconta - ) 5 - penta - 60 hexaconta - ( or hexeconta - ) 6 - hexa - 70 heptaconta - ( or hebdomeconta - ) 7 - hepta - 80 octaconta - ( or ogdoëconta - ) 8 - octa - 90 enneaconta - ( or eneneconta - ) 9 - ennea - History Historical image of polygons ( 1699 ) Polygons have been known since ancient times. The regular polygons were known to the ancient Greeks, with the pentagram, a non-convex regular polygon ( star polygon ), appearing as early as the 7th century B.C. on a krater by Aristonothos, found at Caere and now in the Capitoline Museum. The first known systematic study of non-convex polygons in general was made by Thomas Bradwardine in the 14th century. In 1952, Geoffrey Colin Shephard generalized the idea of polygons to the complex plane, where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one, to create complex polygons. Polygons in nature The Giant 's Causeway, in Northern Ireland Polygons appear in rock formations, most commonly as the flat facets of crystals, where the angles between the sides depend on the type of mineral from which the crystal is made. Regular hexagons can occur when the cooling of lava forms areas of tightly packed columns of basalt, which may be seen at the Giant 's Causeway in Northern Ireland, or at the Devil 's Postpile in California. In biology, the surface of the wax honeycomb made by bees is an array of hexagons, and the sides and base of each cell are also polygons. Polygons in computer graphics This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2007 ) In computer graphics, a polygon is a primitive used in modelling and rendering. They are defined in a database, containing arrays of vertices ( the coordinates of the geometrical vertices, as well as other attributes of the polygon, such as color, shading and texture ), connectivity information, and materials. Naming conventions differ from those of mathematicians : A simple polygon is convex, planar, more easily handled by algorithms and hardware. a concave polygon is a simple polygon having at least one interior angle greater than 180 °. A complex polygon may have arbitrary topology including holes, requiring more advanced algorithms ( often systems will tesselate these into simple polygons ). Any surface is modelled as a tessellation called polygon mesh. If a square mesh has n + 1 points ( vertices ) per side, there are n squared squares in the mesh, or 2n squared triangles since there are two triangles in a square. There are ( n + 1 ) / 2 ( n ) vertices per triangle. Where n is large, this approaches one half. Or, each vertex inside the square mesh connects four edges ( lines ). The imaging system calls up the structure of polygons needed for the scene to be created from the database. This is transferred to active memory and finally, to the display system ( screen, TV monitors etc. ) so that the scene can be viewed. During this process, the imaging system renders polygons in correct perspective ready for transmission of the processed data to the display system. Although polygons are two - dimensional, through the system computer they are placed in a visual scene in the correct three - dimensional orientation. In computer graphics and computational geometry, it is often necessary to determine whether a given point P = ( x, y ) lies inside a simple polygon given by a sequence of line segments. This is called the Point in polygon test. See also Boolean operations on polygons Complete graph Constructible polygon Cyclic polygon Geometric shape Golygon Polyform Polygon soup Polygon triangulation Synthetic geometry Tiling Tiling puzzle References Bibliography Coxeter, H.S.M. ; Regular Polytopes, ( Methuen and Co., 1948 ). Cromwell, P. ; Polyhedra, CUP hbk ( 1997 ), pbk. ( 1999 ). Grünbaum, B. ; Are your polyhedra the same as my polyhedra ? Discrete and comput. geom : the Goodman - Pollack festschrift, ed. Aronov et al. Springer ( 2003 ) pp. 461 -- 488. ( pdf ) Notes Jump up ^ Craig, John ( 1849 ). 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ISBN 0 - 471 - 27047 - 4. Jump up ^ Dugopolski, Mark, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 2nd ed, Addison - Wesley, 1999. Page 505. ISBN 0 - 201 - 34712 - 1. Jump up ^ McCormick, John Francis, Scholastic Metaphysics, Loyola University Press, 1928, p. 18. Jump up ^ Merrill, John Calhoun and Odell, S. Jack, Philosophy and Journalism, Longman, 1983, p. 47, ISBN 0 - 582 - 28157 - 1. Jump up ^ Hospers, John, An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 4th ed, Routledge, 1997, p. 56, ISBN 0 - 415 - 15792 - 7. Jump up ^ Mandik, Pete, Key Terms in Philosophy of Mind, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 26, ISBN 1 - 84706 - 349 - 7. Jump up ^ Kenny, Anthony, The Rise of Modern Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 124, ISBN 0 - 19 - 875277 - 6. Jump up ^ Balmes, James, Fundamental Philosophy, Vol II, Sadlier and Co., Boston, 1856, p. 27. Jump up ^ Potter, Vincent G., On Understanding Understanding : A Philosophy of Knowledge, 2nd ed, Fordham University Press, 1993, p. 86, ISBN 0 - 8232 - 1486 - 9. Jump up ^ Russell, Bertrand, History of Western Philosophy, reprint edition, Routledge, 2004, p. 202, ISBN 0 - 415 - 32505 - 6. Jump up ^ `` Naming Polygons and Polyhedra ''. Ask Dr. Math. The Math Forum -- Drexel University. Retrieved 3 May 2015. Jump up ^ Heath, Sir Thomas Little ( 1981 ), A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume 1, Courier Dover Publications, p. 162, ISBN 9780486240732. Reprint of original 1921 publication with corrected errata. Heath uses the spelling `` Aristonophus '' for the vase painter 's name. Jump up ^ Cratere with the blinding of Polyphemus and a naval battle, Castellani Halls, Capitoline Museum, accessed 2013 - 11 - 11. Two pentagrams are visible near the center of the image, Jump up ^ Coxeter, H.S.M. ; Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edn, Dover ( pbk ), 1973, p. 114 Jump up ^ Shephard, G.C. ; `` Regular complex polytopes '', Proc. London Math. Soc. Series 3 Volume 2, 1952, pp 82 - 97 Jump up ^ `` opengl vertex specification ''. Jump up ^ `` direct3d rendering, based on vertices & triangles ''. External links Look up polygon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polygons. Weisstein, Eric W. `` Polygon ''. MathWorld. What Are Polyhedra ?, with Greek Numerical Prefixes Polygons, types of polygons, and polygon properties, with interactive animation How to draw monochrome orthogonal polygons on screens, by Herbert Glarner comp. graphics. algorithms Frequently Asked Questions, solutions to mathematical problems computing 2D and 3D polygons Comparison of the different algorithms for Polygon Boolean operations, compares capabilities, speed and numerical robustness Interior angle sum of polygons : a general formula, Provides an interactive Java investigation that extends the interior angle sum formula for simple closed polygons to include crossed ( complex ) polygons Polygons Special cases, including regular polygons with their own names, in parentheses List of polygons by number of sides 1 -- 10 sides Monogon Digon Triangle Equilateral Isosceles Quadrilateral Square Rectangle Rhombus Parallelogram Trapezoid Kite Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon ( Enneagon ) Decagon 11 -- 20 sides Hendecagon Dodecagon Tridecagon Tetradecagon Pentadecagon Hexadecagon Heptadecagon Octadecagon Enneadecagon Icosagon 21 -- 100 sides ( selected ) Icositetragon ( 24 ) Triacontagon ( 30 ) Triacontadigon ( 32 ) Triacontatetragon ( 34 ) Tetracontagon ( 40 ) Tetracontadigon ( 42 ) Tetracontaoctagon ( 48 ) Pentacontagon ( 50 ) Hexacontagon ( 60 ) Hexacontatetragon ( 64 ) Heptacontagon ( 70 ) Octacontagon ( 80 ) Enneacontagon ( 90 ) Enneacontahexagon ( 96 ) Hectogon ( 100 ) > 100 sides 120 - gon 257 - gon 360 - gon Chiliagon ( 1,000 ) Myriagon ( 10,000 ) 65537 - gon Megagon ( 1,000,000 ) Apeirogon ( ∞ ) Star polygons ( 5 -- 12 sides ) Pentagram Hexagram Heptagram Octagram Enneagram Decagram Hendecagram Dodecagram Fundamental convex regular and uniform polytopes in dimensions 2 -- 10 Family I ( p ) / D E / E / E / E / E / F / G Regular polygon Triangle Square p - gon Hexagon Pentagon Uniform polyhedron Tetrahedron Octahedron Cube Demicube Dodecahedron Icosahedron Uniform 4 - polytope 5 - cell 16 - cell Tesseract Demitesseract 24 - cell 120 - cell 600 - cell Uniform 5 - polytope 5 - simplex 5 - orthoplex 5 - cube 5 - demicube Uniform 6 - polytope 6 - simplex 6 - orthoplex 6 - cube 6 - demicube 1 2 Uniform 7 - polytope 7 - simplex 7 - orthoplex 7 - cube 7 - demicube 1 2 3 Uniform 8 - polytope 8 - simplex 8 - orthoplex 8 - cube 8 - demicube 1 2 4 Uniform 9 - polytope 9 - simplex 9 - orthoplex 9 - cube 9 - demicube Uniform 10 - polytope 10 - simplex 10 - orthoplex 10 - cube 10 - demicube Uniform n - polytope n - simplex n - orthoplex n - cube n - demicube 1 2 k n - pentagonal polytope Topics : Polytope families Regular polytope List of regular polytopes and compounds Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polygon&oldid=810155290 '' Categories : Polygons Euclidean plane geometry Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from April 2007 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia অসমীয়া বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Чӑвашла Čeština ChiShona Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Gaelg Gàidhlig Galego ગુજરાતી 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Кыргызча Latviešu Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Олык марий Oromoo Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ភាសា ខ្មែរ Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt 文言 West - Vlams Winaray ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 November 2017, at 17 : 15. 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Question: a polygon in which one or more interior angle has a measure greater than 180
Answer: Concave