Pyotr Wrangel - wikipedia Pyotr Wrangel Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel General Pyotr Wrangel ( 1878 - 08 - 27 ) 27 August 1878 Mukuliai, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire 25 April 1928 ( 1928 - 04 - 25 ) ( aged 49 ) Brussels, Belgium Allegiance Russian Empire Russian Republic Service / branch Imperial Russian Army White Army Years of service 1902 -- 1920 Rank Lieutenant - general Commands held Russian Caucasus Army Battles / wars World War I Russian Civil War Awards see below Signature Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, also Vrangel ; German : Freiherr Peter von Wrangel ; ( August 27, 1878 -- April 25, 1928 ) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army and later commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War. After his side lost the civil war in 1920, he left Russia and became one of the most prominent exiled White émigrés. Contents 1 Life 2 Death and burial 3 Honors 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Bibliography 7 External links Life Wrangel was born in Mukuliai, Kovno Governorate in the Russian Empire ( in present - day Zarasai District Municipality, Lithuania ). The Wrangel family was of the local Baltic German nobility. Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel was only distantly related to the famed Arctic explorer Ferdinand von Wrangel. After graduating from the Rostov Technical High School in 1896 and the Institute of Mining Engineering in St. Petersburg in 1901, Wrangel volunteered for the prestigious Life Guards cavalry and was commissioned a reserve officer in 1902 after graduating from the Nikolaev Cavalry School. He soon resigned his commission, and travelled to Irkutsk, where he was assigned to special missions by the Governor - General. At the start of the Russo - Japanese War, in February 1904 he reenlisted and was assigned to the 2nd Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossack Corps. In December 1904, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. After the war ended, in January 1906, he was reassigned to the 55th Finland Dragoon Regiment, which under General A.N. Orlov took part in pacifying rebels in Siberia. In 1907, he returned to the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. In 1908 he married Olga Mikhaylovna Ivanenko in St. Petersburg, and the marriage produced two sons and two daughters. Wrangel graduated from the Nicholas Imperial General Staff Academy in 1910 and the Cavalry Officers ' School in 1911. Wrangel and Prince Sidamon - Eristavi at a captured German cannon in 1914 With the start of World War I, Wrangel was promoted to captain and assigned command of a cavalry squadron. On October 13, 1914 he became one of the first Russian officers to be awarded the Order of St. George ( 4th degree ) in the war, the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire. In December 1914, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. In October 1915 Wrangel was transferred to the Southwestern Front and was appointed commander of the 1st Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossacks. This unit was very active in Galicia against the Austrians, and Wrangel distinguished himself especially during the Brusilov Offensive. He was promoted to the rank of major general in January 1917, and took command of the 2nd Brigade of the Ussuri Cavalry Division, which was merged with other cavalry units to become the Consolidated Cavalry Corps in July of the same year. He was further decorated with the George Cross ( 4th degree ) for his defense of the Zbruch River in the summer of 1917. White propaganda poster, c. 1919 Following the end of Russia 's participation in the war, Wrangel resigned his commission and went to live at his dacha at Yalta in the Crimea. Arrested by the Bolsheviks at the end of 1917, he was released and escaped to Kiev, where he joined Pavlo Skoropadskyi 's Ukrainian State. However, it was soon apparent to him that the new government existed only through the waning support of Germany, and in August 1918, he joined the anti-Bolshevik Volunteer Army based at Yekaterinodar, where he was given command of the 1st Cavalry Division and the rank of major general in the White movement. After the Second Kuban Campaign in late 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and his Division was raised to that of a corps. As an aggressive commander, he won a number of victories in the north Caucasus. From January 1919, his military force was renamed the Caucasus Volunteer Army. Wrangel soon clashed politically with Armed Forces of South Russia leader Anton Denikin, who demanded a quick march on Moscow. Wrangel insisted instead that his forces should take Tsaritsyn first, to join up with the army of Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, which his troops accomplished on June 30, 1919 after three previous attempts by Pyotr Krasnov had failed in 1918. The Government of South Russia established in Sevastopol, Crimea in April 1920 Wrangel gained a reputation as a skilled and just administrator, who, in contrast to some other White Army generals, did not tolerate lawlessness or looting by his troops. However, after he was unable to join forces with Admiral Kolchak and at the insistence of Denikin, he led his forces north towards Moscow on a failed attempt by the Whites to take the capital in November 1919. Continuing disagreement with Denikin led to his removal from command, and Wrangel departed for exile to Constantinople on February 8, 1920. Yet Denikin was forced to resign on March 20, 1920 and a military committee led by General Abram Dragomirov in Sevastopol asked that Wrangel return as Commander - in - Chief of the White forces in Crimea. He assumed the post on April 4, 1920 and put forth a coalition government which attempted to institute sweeping reforms ( including land reforms ). He also recognized and established relations with the new ( and short lived ) anti-Bolshevik independent republics of Ukraine and Georgia, among others. However, by this stage in the Russian Civil War, such measures were too late, and the White movement was rapidly losing support both domestically and overseas. Wrangel is immortalized by the nickname of `` Black Baron '' in the marching song The Red Army is the Strongest composed as a rallying call for a final effort on the part of the Bolsheviks to end the war ; the song became immensely popular in the early Soviet Union during the 1920s. At a prayer vigil upon accepting command. After defeats in which he lost half his standing army, and facing defeat in Northern Tavria and the Crimea, Wrangel organized a mass evacuation on the shores of the Black Sea. Wrangel gave every officer, soldier, and civilian the choice to evacuate and go with him into the unknown, or remain in Russia and face the wrath of the Red Army. Wrangel evacuated the White forces from the Crimea in 1920 in remnants of the Russian Imperial Navy that became known as Wrangel 's fleet. The last military and civilian personnel left Russia with Wrangel on board the General Kornilov on November 14, 1920. Initially, Wrangel lived on his yacht Lucullus at Constantinople, which was rammed and sunk by the Italian steamer Adria, which had sailed from Soviet - held Batum. Wrangel, who was on shore at the time, escaped with his life in what was widely regarded as an assassination attempt. In 1922, he moved to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as the head of all Russian refugees, and arguably became the most prominent of all exiled White emigres. In 1924, in the Serbian town of Sremski Karlovci he established the Russian All - Military Union, an ostensibly non-military organization designed to embrace all Russian military émigrés the world over with a view to preserving a Russian military organisation for the eventuality of having to fight Bolshevism again. In September 1927, Wrangel and his family settled in Brussels, Belgium, where he worked as a mining engineer. Wrangel 's memoirs were published in the magazine White Cause ( Белое дело ) in Berlin in 1928. Death and burial Wrangel, Metropolitan Anthony, Metropolitan Anastasius and other Russian émigrés in Yugoslavia, 1927 Wrangel died suddenly on 25 April 1928, and Wrangel 's family believed that he had been poisoned by his butler 's brother, who lived in the Wrangel household in Brussels briefly and was allegedly a Soviet agent. Pyotr Wrangel 's burial took place in Brussels ; however, more than a year later, on 6 October 1929, his body was brought to Belgrade, where in a solemn public ceremony it was re-interred in the Russian church in Belgrade, in accordance with his wishes. The town of Sremski Karlovci, which served as his headquarters and was at the time of his death the location of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia and the Russian Ministry of Culture, erected a monument in his honour. Honors Statue of Wrangel in Sremski Karlovci, Serbia Order of St. Anne 4th class, 4 July 1904 Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd class, with swords and bow, 6 January 1906. Order of St. Anne 3rd degree, 9 May 1906 Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd class, 6 December 1912 Order of St. George, 4th class, 13 October 1914 Order of St Vladimir, 4th class with swords and bow, 24 October 1914 Golden Sword of St George `` for courage '', 10 June 1915 Order of St Vladimir, 3rd class with swords, 8 December 1915 Cross of St. George, 4th class, 24 July 1917 Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, 2nd degree See also Russian Civil War White Army, Black Baron White movement Wrangel 's fleet Notes Jump up ^ New York Times obituary of his last surviving child Jump up ^ Lincoln, p. 430. Jump up ^ Luckett, pp. 359 - 360. Jump up ^ Luckett, pp. 381ff. Jump up ^ Wrangel, Petr Nikolaevich, Baron Jump up ^ '' Главни војни циљ барона Врангела ''. / / Politika, 7 December 2017, p. 21. Jump up ^ Volodarsky, Boris. `` The KGB 's Poison Factory, from Lenin to Litvinenko ''. Frontline Books : 2009, p. 58. Jump up ^ '' Смрт и сахрана генерала Врангела у Београду : Чувени бели генерал је, по сопственој жељи, сахрањен у руској Цркви Свете Тројице на Ташмајдану. '' / / Politika, 18 January 2018, p. 20. Jump up ^ Споменик белом барону Politika, 13 September 2007. Bibliography Lincoln, W. Bruce. Red Victory : A History of the Russian Civil War. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1989. ISBN 0 - 671 - 63166 - 7 Luckett, Richard. The White Generals : An Account of the White Movement and the Russian Civil War. New York, Viking, 1971. ISBN 0 - 670 - 76265 - 2 Wrangel, Alexis, General Wrangel - Russia 's White Crusader, London, 1987 ( reprint 1990 ) ISBN 0 - 85052 - 890 - 9 Always With Honour. By General Baron Peter N Wrangel. Robert Speller & sons. New York. 1957. External links Media related to Pyotr Wrangel at Wikimedia Commons Vinogradoff, Paul ( 1922 ). `` Wrangel, Peter Nicholaievich, Baron ''. Encyclopædia Britannica ( 12th ed. ). Russian Revolution / Russian Civil War Events Revolution February Revolution July Days Kornilov affair October Revolution Kerensky -- Krasnov uprising Junker mutiny Civil War Russian Civil War Ukrainian War of Independence Ukrainian -- Soviet War Kiev Bolshevik Uprising Polish -- Ukrainian War Finnish Civil War Heimosodat Polish -- Soviet War Estonian War of Independence Latvian War of Independence Lithuanian Wars of Independence Red Army invasion of Georgia Armenian -- Azerbaijani War Left - wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Siberian Intervention Groups Provisional Committee of the State Duma Russian Provisional Government White movement Pro-independence movements Petrograd Soviet Council of the People 's Commissars Military Revolutionary Committee Russian Constituent Assembly elections Black Guards Red Guards Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia Tsentralna Rada Ukrainian People 's Republic Parties Kadets Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Bolsheviks Mensheviks Socialist Revolutionary Party Left SRs Union of October 17 Figures Monarchists Nicholas II of Russia Provisional Government Georgy Lvov Pavel Milyukov Alexander Guchkov White movement Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel Alexander Kolchak Anton Denikin Pyotr Krasnov Nikolai Yudenich Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin Lev Kamenev Grigory Zinoviev Leon Trotsky Mikhail Frunze Joseph Stalin Semyon Budyonny Right SRs Alexander Kerensky Stepan Petrichenko Boris Savinkov International Revolutions of 1917 -- 23 German Revolution of 1918 -- 1919 Bavarian Soviet Republic Hungarian Soviet Republic Hungarian -- Romanian War Workers ' Councils in Poland Polish -- Ukrainian War Polish -- Soviet War Slovak Soviet Republic Finnish Civil War Finnish Socialist Workers ' Republic VIAF : 14948283 LCCN : n85289371 ISNI : 0000 0001 2121 7442 GND : 118643185 SELIBR : 237053 SUDOC : 056571623 BNF : cb136162255 ( data ) NLA : 35942734 NKC : ola2002106437 RLS : 000079599 SNAC : w6w67gk1 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyotr_Wrangel&oldid=836222615 '' Categories : 1878 births 1928 deaths People from Zarasai District Municipality People from Kovno Governorate Baltic - German people Members of the Russian Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Christians from Lithuania Russian military personnel of the Russo - Japanese War Imperial Russian Army generals Russian Provisional Government generals Russian anti-communists Russian All - Military Union members Russian military personnel of World War I People of the Russian Civil War Russian nobility White movement generals Wrangel 's fleet Russian monarchists Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Russian ), 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery Recipients of the Cross of St. George Russian exiles White Russian emigrants to Belgium White Russian emigrants to Yugoslavia White Russian emigrants to Turkey Hidden categories : Articles containing German - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012 Commons category with page title different than on Wikidata Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Саха тыла Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 31 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 April 2018, at 12 : 40. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: which side of the civil war does baron represent
Answer: White Army