First battle of Panipat - wikipedia First battle of Panipat First Battle of Panipat Part of Mughal conquests The battle of Panipat and the death of Sultan Ibrāhīm Date 21 April 1526 Location Panipat ( in present - day Haryana, India ) 29 ° 23 ′ N 76 ° 58 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 29.39 ° N 76.97 ° E ﻿ / 29.39 ; 76.97 Result Decisive Mughal victory End of the Lodi dynasty Establishment of the Mughal Empire Territorial changes Delhi Sultanate annexed by the Mughals Belligerents Babur Lodi dynasty Commanders and leaders Babur Humayun Chin Timur Khan Ustad Ali Quli Mustafa Rumi Asad Malik Hast Raja Sanghar Ali Khan Ibrahim Lodi † Vikramjit † Strength 12,000 - 25,000 soldiers 15 - 20 field guns 50,000 soldiers est. 400 elephants Casualties and losses light 20,000 Campaigns of Babur 1st Samarkand 2nd Samarkand 3rd Samarkand Sar - e-Pul 4th Samarkand Akhsi Kabul Masudi Hazaras 1st India Qalat - e Ghilji 1st Turkomen Hazaras 2nd Turkomen Hazaras Ghilji 1st Kandahar 2nd Kandahar Eastern Afghanistan 2nd India Mohmand Mughal Rebellion Ab Darrah Kul Malek Ghazdewan Bajaur Pharwala Milwat Punjab Panipat Sambhal Bayana Gwalior Khanwa Chanderi Ghaghra The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Kingdom. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle. The battle of Panipat between the armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi ( 1526 ). Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to enter India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi. An illustration to the Vaqi ' at - i Baburi, by Deo Gujarati, c. 1590 Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 2.1 Advantage of cannons in the battle 2.2 Tactics 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources Background After losing Samarkand for the second time, Babur gave attention to conquer India as he reached the banks of the Chenab in 1519. Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfil his ancestor Timur 's legacy, since it used to be part of his empire. At the time parts of north India were under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were many defectors. He received invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, Governor of Punjab and Ala - ud - Din, uncle of Ibrahim. He sent an ambassador to Ibrahim, claiming himself the rightful heir to the throne of the country, however the ambassador was detained at Lahore and released months later. Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi. When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Lodi army marched out and his army was routed. In response, Babur burned Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel uncle of Lodi 's, as governor. Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi. He defeated them and drove Alam 's army off ; and Babur realised Lodi would not allow him to occupy the Punjab. Battle Hearing of the size of Ibrahim 's army, Babur secured his right flank against the city of Panipat, while digging a trench covered with tree branches to secure his left flank. In the center, he placed 700 carts tied together with ropes. Between every two carts there were breastworks for his matchlockmen. Babur also ensured there was enough space for his cavalry to charge between these carts. When Ibrahim 's army arrived, he found the approach to Babur 's army too narrow to attack. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front, Babur quickly took advantage of the situation to flank ( tulghuma ) the Lodi army. Many of Ibrahim 's troops were unable to get into action, and fled when the battle turned against Ibrahim. Faced with musket fire, cannon fire and cavalry attacks from all sides, Ibrahim Lodi fought and died with 6,000 of his remaining troops. Advantage of cannons in the battle Babur 's guns proved decisive in battle, firstly because Ibrahim lacked any field artillery, but also because the sound of the cannon frightened Ibrahim 's elephants, causing them to trample his own men. Tactics This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2014 ) Babur introduced field guns at Panipat, 1526 New tactics introduced by Babur were the tulghuma and the araba. Tulghuma meant dividing the whole army into various units, viz. the Left, the Right and the Centre. The Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions. Through this a small army could be used to surround the enemy from all sides. The Centre Forward division was then provided with carts ( araba ) which were placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide ropes. Behind them were placed cannons protected and supported by mantlets which could be used to easily maneuver the cannons. These two tactics made Babur 's artillery lethal. The cannons could be fired without any fear of being hit, as they were shielded by the bullock carts held in place by hide ropes. The heavy cannons could also be easily traversed onto new targets, as they could be maneuvered by the mantlets which were on wheels. Aftermath Ibrahim Lodi died on the field of battle along with 20,000 of his troops. The battle of Panipat was militarily a decisive victory. Politically it gained Babur little, and initiated a new phase of his establishment of the Mughal empire. See also Battle of Khanwa Second Battle of Panipat Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Ghaghra which was the last battle Babur fought in India and consolidated his empire References ^ Jump up to : Chandra 2009, p. 30. ^ Jump up to : Watts 2011, p. 707. Jump up ^ Davis 1999, p. 181, 183 - 184. Jump up ^ Butalia 1998, p. 16. Jump up ^ Chandra 2009, p. 27 - 31. ^ Jump up to : Mahajan 1980, p. 429. Jump up ^ Eraly 2007, p. 27 -- 29. Jump up ^ Chaurasia 2002, p. 89 - 90. ^ Jump up to : Chandra 2007, p. 27. ^ Jump up to : Chandra 2007, p. 28. Jump up ^ Chandra 2009, p. 29. Jump up ^ Watts. Jump up ^ Chandra 2009, p. 30 - 31. Sources Butalia, Romesh C. ( 1998 ). The Evolution of the Artillery in India : From the Battle of Plassey to the Revolt of 1857. Allied Publishing Limited. Chandra, Satish ( 2009 ). Medieval India : From Sultanat to the Mughals, Part II. Har - Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110669. Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam ( 2002 ). History of medieval India : from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publisher. Davis, Paul K. ( 1999 ). 100 Decisive Battles : From Ancient Times to the Present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 1 - 57607 - 075 - 1. Mahajan, V.D. ( 1980 ). History of medieval India ( 10th ed. ). S. Chand. Watts, Tim J. ( 2011 ). `` Battles of Panipat ''. In Mikaberidze, Alexander. Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World : A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC - CLIO. Mughal Empire Emperors Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb ( Alamgir ) Muhammad Azam Shah Bahadur Shah I Jahandar Shah Farrukhsiyar Rafi ud - Darajat Shah Jahan II Muhammad Shah Ahmad Shah Bahadur Alamgir II Shah Jahan III Shah Alam II Akbar II Bahadur Shah II Battles and conflicts Battle of Panipat ( 1526 ) Gujarat conquest Battle of Khanwa Battle of Ghaghra Siege of Sambhal Battle of Panipat ( 1556 ) Battle of Thanesar Siege of Chittorgarh Siege of Ranthambore Battle of Tukaroi Battle of Raj Mahal Battle of Haldighati Battle of Bhuchar Mori Siege of Kandahar Mughal -- Safavid War ( 1622 -- 23 ) Siege of Orchha Mughal -- Safavid War ( 1649 -- 53 ) Battle of Samugarh Battle of Khajwa Suppression of Tilpat rebellion Ahom -- Mughal conflicts Siege of Purandhar Tibet -- Ladakh -- Mughal War Mughal -- Maratha Wars Siege of Bijapur Siege of Jinji Child 's War Siege of Golconda Battle of Karnal Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Buxar Siege of Delhi Architecture Taj Mahal Gardens of Babur Fatehpur Sikri Tomb of Salim Chishti Humayun 's Tomb Red Fort Lahore Fort Jahangir Mahal Lalbagh Fort Akbar 's Tomb Agra Fort Chawk Mosque Shalimar Gardens Achabal Gardens Jahangir 's Tomb Bibi Ka Maqbara Badshahi Mosque Shahi Bridge Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta Sheesh Mahal Sunehri Masjid Tipu Sultan Mosque Wazir Khan Mosque more Adversaries Ibrahim Lodi Rana Sanga Sher Shah Suri Hemu Maharana Pratap Malik Ambar Gokula Pratapaditya Shivaji Lachit Borphukan Khushal Khattak Sir Josiah Child Guru Gobind Singh Henry Every Bajirao I Nader Shah Hector Munro Provinces Bengal Subah Gujarat Subah See also Art Cuisine Culture Flag Gardens Language Military Painting Persians Tribe Weapons Timurid dynasty family tree Successor states Maratha Empire Rajput states Jats Sikh Empire Nawabs of Bengal Awadh Nizam of Hyderabad Carnatic Kingdom of Mysore Rohilkhand Pashtun - related topics Dynasties Lodi dynasty Suri dynasty Hotak dynasty Durrani dynasty Barakzai dynasty more Key figures Bahlul Lodi Sher Shah Suri Mirwais Hotak Ahmad Shah Khan Ahmad Shah Durrani Dost Mohammad Khan Malalai of Maiwand Saidu Baba Abdur Rahman Khan Mahmud Tarzi Soraya Tarzi Amanullah Khan Mohammed Nadir Shah Mullah Powindah Sartor Faqir Umra Khan Mirzali Khan Bacha Khan Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai Wali Khan Zahir Shah Daoud Khan Abdul Ahad Mohmand Zakir Hussain Khan Afridi Mohammad Najibullah Ghulam Ishaq Khan Mohammed Omar Hamid Karzai Asfandyar Wali Khan Zalmay Khalilzad Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Abdur Rab Nishtar Abdul Waheed Kakar Ayub Khan ( President of Pakistan ) Karnal Sher Khan Malala Yousafzai Culture Pashtun culture Pashtun cuisine Pashtunwali Pashto Pashtunization Pashtun dress Pashto media Pashto singers Pashtun tribes Loya jirga Adam Khan and Durkhanai Yusuf Khan and Sherbano Jirga Poets Amir Kror Suri Pir Roshan Rahman Baba Khushal Khattak Nazo Tokhi Abdul Hamid Baba Hussain Hotak Ahmad Shah Durrani Hamza Baba Ajmal Khattak Kabir Stori Ghani Khan Topics and controversies Pashtun nationalism Pashtunistan Afghan ( ethnonym ) Durand Line Bannu Resolution Khudai Khidmatgar Kalabagh Dam Taliban Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Anti-Pashtun sentiment Battles and conflicts First Battle of Panipat Battle of Gulnabad Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Attock Battle of Multan Battle of Shopian Battle of Nowshera Battle of Jamrud Siege of Malakand Anglo - Afghan Wars Battle of Maiwand Tirah Campaign Battle of Saragarhi Soviet -- Afghan War War in Afghanistan ( 2001 -- 2014 ) War in North - West Pakistan War in Afghanistan ( 2015 -- present ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Panipat&oldid=851963405 '' Categories : Battles involving the Indian kingdoms Conflicts in 1526 Battles involving the Mughal Empire Lodi dynasty Panipat History of Haryana 1526 in India Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from June 2013 Articles needing additional references from April 2014 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Беларуская Čeština Deutsch Español Français हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی پښتو Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు Українська اردو 中文 20 more Edit links This page was last edited on 25 July 2018, at 18 : 32 ( UTC ). 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Question: the first battle of panipat was fought between babar and ibrahim lodi in
Answer: north India