California community colleges system - wikipedia California community colleges system California Community Colleges System Motto Empowering community colleges through leadership, advocacy, and support Type Public community college system Established 1967 Endowment US $ 25 million ( planned permanent endowment ) Chancellor Eloy Ortiz Oakley Academic staff 57,711 Students ~ 2,100,000 Location Sacramento, California Colleges 114 Affiliations California Community Colleges Website www.cccco.edu The entrance to California Community Colleges headquarters in Sacramento The California Community Colleges is `` a postsecondary education system '' in the U.S. state of California. The system includes the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges and 72 community college districts. The districts have established 114 community colleges. The California Community Colleges is the largest system of higher education in the United States, serving more than 2.1 million students. The California Community Colleges is often referred to as the `` California Community Colleges System '' ( CCCS ). Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the California Community Colleges System is a part of the state 's three - tier public higher education system, which also includes the University of California system and the California State University system. Like the two other systems, the CCCS is headed by an executive officer and a governing board. The 17 - member Board of Governors ( BOG ) sets direction for the system and is in turn appointed by the California Governor. The board appoints the Chancellor, who is the chief executive officer of the system. Locally elected Boards of Trustees work on the district level with Presidents who run the individual college campuses. The CCCS is a founding and charter member of CENIC, the Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California, the nonprofit organization which provides extremely high - performance Internet - based networking to California 's K - 12 research and education community. Contents 1 History 2 Governance 2.1 Student government 3 Students 4 Enrollment 5 Public transportation 6 Faculty and staff 7 Accreditation 8 See also 9 References 10 External links History In 1907, the California State Legislature, seeing a benefit to society in education beyond high school but realizing the load could not be carried by existing colleges, authorized the state 's high schools to create `` junior colleges '' to offer what were termed `` postgraduate courses of study '' similar to the courses offered in just the first two years of university studies. A collegiate `` department '' of Fresno High School was set up in the fall of 1910 that later developed into becoming Fresno City College, which is the oldest existing public community college in California and the second oldest existing public community college in the United States. Thanks to the efforts of people such as Professor Alexis F. Lange, Dean of the School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley, the Junior College Act was passed in 1917, expanding the mission by adding trade studies such as mechanical and industrial arts, household economy, agriculture, and commerce. In the early 1920s, the Legislature authorized the creation of separate colleges, in addition to the programs offered in high schools. In 1921, California passed legislation which allowed for the creation of community college districts. In September 1921, Modesto Junior College ( the 16th oldest community college ) became the first ever community college district. That launched the current model of community colleges that continued to offer trade studies such as mechanical and industrial arts but now included general education. The first ever transfer student was from Modesto Junior College and transferred to Stanford in 1922. By 1932 there were 38 junior colleges in the state. The 1944 GI Bill dramatically increased college enrollments, and by 1950 there were 50 junior colleges. By 1960 there were 56 districts in California offering junior college courses, and 28 of those districts were not high school districts but were `` junior college districts '' formed expressly for the governance of those schools. The 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education and the resulting Donahoe Act was a turning point in higher education in California. The UC and CSU systems were to limit their enrollments, yet an overall goal was to `` provide an appropriate place in California public higher education for every student who is willing and able to benefit from attendance '', meaning the junior colleges were to fulfill this role. In 1967, the Governor and Legislature created the Board of Governors for the Community Colleges to oversee the community colleges and formally established the community college district system, requiring all areas of the state to be included within a community college district. The degree of local control in this system, a side effect of the origins of many colleges within high school districts, can be seen in that 52 of the 72 districts ( 72 % ) govern only a single college ; only a few districts in major metropolitan areas control more than four colleges. The Master Plan for Higher Education also banned tuition, as it was based on the ideal that public higher education should be free to students ( just like K - 12 primary and secondary education ). As officially enacted, it states that public higher education `` shall be tuition free to all residents. '' Thus, California residents legally do not pay tuition. However, the state has suffered severe budget deficits ever since the enacting of Proposition 13 in 1978, which led to the imposition of per - unit enrollment fees for California residents ( equivalent in all but name to tuition ) at all community colleges and all CSU and UC campuses to get around the legal ban on tuition. Non-resident and international students, however, do pay tuition, which at community colleges is usually an additional $100 per unit ( or credit ) on top of the standard enrollment fee. Since no other American state bans tuition in public higher education, this issue is unique to California. In summer 2010, the state 's public higher education systems began investigating the possibility of dropping the semantic confusion and switching to the more accurate term, tuition. In the past decade, tuition and fees have fluctuated with the state 's budget. For much of the 1990s and early 2000s, enrollment fees ranged between $11 and $13 per credit. However, with the state 's budget deficits in the early - to - mid 2000s, fees rose to $18 per unit in 2003, and, by 2004, reached $26 per unit. Since then, fees dropped to $20 per unit, down $6 from January 2007. It was the lowest enrollment fee of any college or university in the United States. On July 28, 2009, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed AB2X ( the education trailer bill to the 2009 - 10 state budget ), setting the community college enrollment fee back at $26 per unit, effective for the Fall 2009 term. As of July, 2011, per - unit fees at California 's community colleges stand at $36 per unit. Effective Summer 2012, tuition will be raised to $46 per unit. The newest additions to the California Community Colleges system are Moreno Valley College and Norco College, which became the 111th and 112th colleges of the CCC system in 2010. Clovis Community College became the 113th college in 2015. Compton College became the 114th college in 2017. Governance The CCCS is governed by the Board of Governors which, within the bounds of state law, sets systemwide policy. The 17 Board members, who represent the public, faculty, students, and classified employees, are appointed by the Governor of California as directed by Section 71000 of the California Education Code. The Board is also directed by the Education Code to allow local authority and control of the community college districts to the `` maximum degree permissible '' and AB 1725 in 1974 added a formal consultation process which has resulted in the formation of a Consultation Council to assure the Board of Governors and Chancellor 's Office remain responsive in this respect. The system is administered by the Chancellor 's Office located in Sacramento, which is responsible for allocating state funding and provides leadership and technical assistance to the colleges. The Chancellor brings policy recommendations to the Board of Governors, and possesses the authority to implement the policies of the Board through his leadership of the Chancellor 's Office. The Chancellor plays a key role in the consultation process. Student government Further information : Student governments in the United States California Education Code § 76060 allows the governing board of a community college district to authorize the students of a college to organize a student body association. The student body association may conduct any activities, including fundraising activities, that is approved by the appropriate college officials. The governing board of the community college district may also authorize the students of a college to organize more than one student body association when the governing board finds that day students and evening students each need an association or geographic circumstances make the organization of only one student body association impractical or inconvenient. Students have a right to participate. The BOG has established minimum standards governing procedures established by governing boards of community college districts to ensure faculty, staff, and students the right to participate effectively in district and college governance, and the opportunity to express their opinions at the campus level and to ensure that these opinions are given every reasonable consideration. The BOG standards state that the governing board of a community college district shall adopt policies and procedures that provide students the opportunity to participate effectively in district and college governance, including : providing an opportunity to participate in formulation and development of district and college policies and procedures that have or will have a significant effect on students, including the opportunity to participate in processes for jointly developing recommendations to the governing board ; not taking action on a matter having a significant effect on students until it has provided students with an opportunity to participate in the formulation of the policy or procedure or the joint development of recommendations ; ensuring that recommendations and positions developed by students are given every reasonable consideration at the district and college levels ; and recognizing each associated student organization or its equivalent within the district as provided by Education Code § 76060 as the representative body of the students to offer opinions and to make recommendations to the administration of a college and to the governing board of a district with regard to district and college policies and procedures that have or will have a significant effect on students ; and ensuring that the selection of student representatives to serve on college or district committees, task forces, or other governance groups shall be made, after consultation with designated parties, by the appropriate officially recognized associated student organization ( s ) within the district. District and college policies and procedures that have or will have a `` significant effect on students '' includes : grading policies ; codes of student conduct ; academic disciplinary policies ; curriculum development ; courses or programs which should be initiated or discontinued ; processes for institutional planning and budget development ; standards and policies regarding student preparation and success ; student services planning and development ; student fees within the authority of the district to adopt ; and any other district and college policy, procedure, or related matter that the district governing board determines will have a significant effect on students. The governing body of the association may order that an election be held for the purpose of establishing a student representation fee of $1 per semester, and a student may, for religious, political, financial, or moral reasons, refuse to pay the student representation fee in writing at the time the student pays other fees. Regulations in the California Code of Regulations ( CCR ) require district governing boards to include information pertaining to the representation fee in the materials given to each student at registration, including its purpose, amount, and their right to refuse to pay the fee for religious, political, moral or financial reasons. The students of this largest system of education in the world are represented through a statewide students ' union known as the Student Senate for California Community Colleges ( SSCCC ). The SSCCC has a General Assembly composed of Delegates. Meetings of the General Assembly are held twice in each academic year. The Delegates are selected by community college - associated student organizations. The SSCCC also has a Student Senate Council composed of 30 Senators. The SSCCC has 10 regional subdivisions and each subdivision or `` Region '' annually elects three Senators. Meetings of the Student Senate Council are held about 10 times during each academic year. The Student Senate Council may nominate students for appointment to seats on the Board of Governors and it may appoint two representatives to the Chancellor 's Consultation Council. Students The 2.4 million students within the California Community Colleges system serve as the basis for the economic revitalization of California 's workforce. Through its vocational endeavors, the CCC system has played a pivotal role in preparing nurses, firefighters, police, welders, auto mechanics, airplane mechanics, and construction workers to help mold the society of California. Enrollment Racial and / or ethnic background ( 2013 ) Students California United States Asian 11 % 10 % 5 % Black 7 % 7 % 13 % Filipino 3 % 3.9 % 1.1 % Hispanic ( of any race ) 41 % 38 % 17 % Non-Hispanic White 29 % 39 % 63 % Native American 0.4 % 2 % 1 % Multi-ethnic 4 % N / A N / A Other races 5 % N / A N / A Public transportation All 114 CCCs are empowered to establish their own college transit programs as state legislation allows for the collection of transportation fees. A transportation fee and program can be created if a majority of students vote in favor of such a program in a publicly held campus election. There are now a handful of these transit programs at several colleges. Faculty and staff The California Community College system had a total employee headcount of 89,497 in fall 2006. While tenured and tenure tracked faculty were relatively well - compensated, they comprise a very small fraction of overall faculty compared to California 's other two tertiary education systems. While 86 % of CSU faculty members were tenured or tenure - tracked, only 30 % of CCCS faculty were tenured or tenure - tracked. Temporary faculty, those who are not tenure tracked, earned an average of $62.86 per hour for those teaching for - credit courses, $47.46 for non-credit instruction, $54.93 for instructional support and $63.86 for `` overload '' instruction. Staff and faculty compensation varied greatly by district. The overall average salary for tenured and tenure tracked faculty was $78,498 as of Fall 2006, with 48.7 % earning more than $80,001. Salaries ranged from $64,883 in Siskiyous to $90,704 in Santa Barbara. The average for educational administrators was $116,855, while classified administrators earned an average of $87,886, classified professional earned $62,161 and classified support staff earned an average of $43,773. Data Headcount Percent of total Less than $25,000 $25,000 to $40,000 $40,000 to $50,000 $50,000 to $60,000 $60,000 to $70,000 $70,000 to $80,000 More than $80,000 Mean Educational administrators 1,965 2.2 % 1.93 % 0.51 % 0.92 % 0.97 % 1.42 % 2.85 % 90.08 % $116,855 Tenured and tenure tracked faculty 18,196 20.3 % 0.21 % 0.92 % 2.21 % 7.85 % 16.24 % 23.10 % 48.70 % $78,498 Classified administrators 1,470 2.0 % 1.6 % 1.22 % 4.29 % 8.71 % 11.29 % 15.24 % 57.69 % $87,816 Classified professionals 1,817 2.0 % 7.82 % 7.93 % 10.24 % 18.66 % 17.56 % 14.14 % 21.79 % $62,161 Classified support staff 24,425 27.3 % 10.51 % 25.85 % 30.62 % 16.68 % 7.42 % 2.80 % 1.85 % $43,773 Academic temporary instructors 41,624 46.5 % N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A Accreditation In 2006, Compton College in Compton, California lost its accreditation. Arrangements were made to have the college 's governance transferred to El Camino College, a neighboring college. Its new name, as a division of El Camino College, is `` El Camino College Compton Center. '' Under El Camino College the `` Center '' is fully accredited. Plans are being made to re-establish Compton College as a separate college several years in the future. In July 2013, City College of San Francisco was notified by its accreditor, the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges ( ACCJC ), that its accreditation would be revoked in 2014 if the college failed an appeals process. Brice Harris, the systemwide chancellor of the California Community Colleges system, then appointed a `` special trustee with extraordinary powers, '' an individual granted unilateral powers, to attempt to bring the college back into compliance with the ACCJC 's accreditation standards. In January 2017, CCSF was reaffirmed of its accreditation for the full seven year term by the ACCJC. See also California portal University portal List of California Community Colleges by enrollment References Jump up ^ California Education Code Section 70900 ( added to the Education Code by Chapter 973 of the California Statutes of 1988 ; Assembly Bill No. 1725, section 8, page 17 ). Jump up ^ List of community colleges in California. Jump up ^ California Community Colleges Chancellor 's Office. Jump up ^ Board of Governors Archived 2007 - 04 - 15 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : LHC 2012, p. 5. Jump up ^ LHC 2012, p. 6. Jump up ^ Larry Gordon, `` California universities consider adopting the T - word : tuition '', Los Angeles Times, 14 June 2010. Jump up ^ California Education Code Section 71000. Jump up ^ Chancellor 's Consultation Council Archived 2011 - 09 - 28 at the Wayback Machine. ^ Jump up to : California Education Code § 76060 Jump up ^ Chapter 973 of the California Statutes of 1988 Jump up ^ California Education Code § 70901 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( E ) ^ Jump up to : 5 CCR § 51023.7 Jump up ^ California Education Code § 76060.5 Jump up ^ 5 CCR § 54805 Jump up ^ `` California Community Colleges Chancellor 's Office - Data Mart ''. Datamart.cccco.edu. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 16. Jump up ^ `` California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau ''. Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 16. Jump up ^ `` USA QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau ''. Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 16. Jump up ^ Chancellor 's Office Data Mart Archived 2012 - 02 - 25 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525160206/http://www.jorgeflores.efolioworld.com/ab774. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2011. Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` California Community Colleges Chancellor 's Office. ( April 26, 2007 ). Report on Staffing for Fall 2006 : Statewide Summary '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2007 - 11 - 26. ^ Jump up to : `` California Community Colleges Chancelor 's Office. ( Fall, 2006 ). Employee Category Salary Distribution by District '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2007 - 11 - 26. Jump up ^ CSU Public Affairs Daily Clips. Calstate.edu. Retrieved on 2013 - 08 - 09. Jump up ^ City College of S.F. trustees lose power. SFGate ( 2013 - 07 - 09 ). Retrieved on 2013 - 08 - 09. Jump up ^ Xia, Rosanna. `` City College of San Francisco wins back accreditation after years of uncertainty ''. LA Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 October 2017. Little Hoover Commission ( February 2012 ). Serving Students, Serving California : Updating the California Community Colleges to Meet Evolving Demands. Little Hoover Commission. Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 23. External links California Community Colleges - Chancellor 's Office Map of California Community Colleges & Districts from the California Community Colleges Chancellor 's Office Alphabetic Listing of public California Community Colleges ( 15 colleges are listed twice, per alternate names ) Academic Senate for California Community Colleges Student Senate for California Community Colleges Community College League of California ( CCLC ) Commission on Athletics 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education Foundation for California Community Colleges The official foundation to the California Community Colleges System Office, Chancellor, and Board of Governors California Community Colleges System Campuses Advanced Tech. & Education Park Alameda Allan Hancock American River Antelope Valley Bakersfield Barstow Berkeley City Butte Cabrillo Cañada Canyons Cerritos Cerro Coso Chabot Chaffey Citrus City College of San Francisco Clovis Coastline Columbia Compton Center Contra Costa Copper Mountain Cosumnes River Crafton Hills Cuesta Cuyamaca Cypress De Anza Desert Diablo Valley East L.A. El Camino Evergreen Valley Feather River Folsom Lake Foothill Fresno City Fullerton Gavilan Glendale Golden West Grossmont Hartnell Imperial Valley Irvine Valley Lake Tahoe Laney Las Positas Lassen Long Beach City L.A. City L.A. Harbor L.A. Mission L.A. Pierce L.A. Southwest L.A. Trade -- Tech L.A. Valley Los Medanos Marin Mendocino Merced Merritt MiraCosta Mission Modesto Monterey Peninsula Moorpark Moreno Valley Mt. San Antonio Mt. San Jacinto Napa Valley Norco Ohlone Orange Coast Oxnard Palo Verde Palomar Pasadena City Porterville Reedley Redwoods Rio Hondo Riverside Sacramento City Saddleback San Bernardino Valley San Diego City San Diego Continuing Education San Diego Mesa San Diego Miramar San Joaquin Delta San Jose City San Mateo Santa Ana Santa Barbara City Santa Monica Santa Rosa Santiago Canyon Sequoias Shasta Sierra Siskiyous Skyline Solano Southwestern Taft Ventura Victor Valley West Hills Coalinga West Hills Lemoore West L.A. West Valley Woodland Yuba Districts Allan Hancock Antelope Valley Barstow Butte -- Glenn Cabrillo Cerritos Chabot -- Las Positas Chaffey Citrus Coast Compton Contra Costa Copper Mountain Desert El Camino Feather River Foothill -- De Anza Gavilan Glendale Grossmont -- Cuyamaca Hartnell Imperial Kern Lake Tahoe Lassen Long Beach Los Angeles Los Rios Marin Mendocino -- Lake Merced MiraCosta Monterey Peninsula Mt. San Antonio Mt. San Jacinto Napa Valley North Orange County Ohlone Palo Verde Palomar Pasadena Area Peralta Rancho Santiago Redwoods Rio Hondo Riverside San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin Delta San Jose -- Evergreen San Luis Obispo County San Mateo County Santa Barbara Santa Clarita Santa Monica Sequoias Shasta -- Tehama -- Trinity Sierra Siskiyous Solano County Sonoma County South Orange County Southwestern State Center Ventura County Victor Valley West Hills West Kern West Valley -- Mission Yosemite Yuba Athletics California Community College Athletic Association Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Community_Colleges_System&oldid=812205651 '' Categories : California Community Colleges System Two - year colleges in the United States Public universities and colleges in California Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Instances of Infobox university using image size Talk Contents About Wikipedia Nederlands Edit links This page was last edited on 26 November 2017, at 16 : 42. 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Question: when did california community colleges start charging tuition
Answer: 1978