American marten - wikipedia American marten American marten At Yellowstone National Park Conservation status Least Concern ( IUCN 3.1 ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Carnivora Family : Mustelidae Genus : Martes Species : M. americana Binomial name Martes americana ( Turton, 1806 ) Subspecies M. a. americana M. a. abieticola M. a. abietinoides M. a. actuosa M. a. atrata M. a. caurina M. a. humboldtensis M. a. kenaiensis M. a. nesophila M. a. origensis M. a. sierrae M. a. vancouverensis M. a. vulpina American marten range The American marten or American pine marten ( Martes americana ) is a North American member of the family Mustelidae, sometimes referred to as the pine marten. The name `` pine marten '' is derived from the common but distinct Eurasian species of Martes. It differs from the fisher ( Pekania pennanti ) in that it is smaller in size and lighter in colour. Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Home range 3 Description 4 Behavior 4.1 Weather factors 5 Reproduction 5.1 Breeding 5.2 Denning behavior 5.3 Development of young 6 Food habits 7 Mortality 7.1 Life span 7.2 Predators 7.3 Hunting 7.4 Other 8 References 9 External links 10 Bibliography Distribution and habitat The American marten is broadly distributed in northern North America. From north to south its range extends from the northern limit of treeline in arctic Alaska and Canada to northern New Mexico. From east to west its distribution extends from Newfoundland and south west to Napa County, California. In Canada and Alaska, American marten distribution is vast and continuous. In the western United States, American marten distribution is limited to mountain ranges that provide preferred habitat. Over time, the distribution of American marten has contracted and expanded regionally, with local extirpations and successful recolonizations occurring in the Great Lakes region and some parts of the Northeast. The American marten has been reintroduced in several areas where extinction occurred. The marten lives in mature coniferous or mixed forests in Alaska and Canada, the Pacific Northwest of the United States and south into Northern New England and through the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada. Small groups of martens live in the Midwest in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Trapping and destruction of forest habitat have reduced its numbers, but it is still much more abundant than the larger fisher. The Newfoundland subspecies of this animal ( Martes americana atrata ) is considered to be threatened. Home range Compared to other carnivores, American marten population density is low for their body size. One review reports population densities ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 individuals / km. Population density may vary annually or seasonally. Low population densities have been associated with low abundance of prey species. Home range size of the American marten is extremely variable, with differences attributable to sex, year, geographic area, prey availability, cover type, quality or availability, habitat fragmentation, reproductive status, resident status, predation, and population density. Home range size does not appear to be related to body size for either sex. Home range size ranged from 0.04 sq mi ( 0.1 km ) in Maine to 6.1 sq mi ( 15.7 km ) in Minnesota for males, and 0.04 sq mi ( 0.1 km ) in Maine to 3.0 sq mi ( 7.7 km ) in Wisconsin for females. Males generally exhibit larger home ranges than females, which some authors suggest is due to more specific habitat requirements of females ( e.g., denning or prey requirements ) that limit their ability to shift home range. However, unusually large home ranges were observed for 4 females in two studies ( Alaska and Quebec ). Males and females in northeastern California appeared to have approximately equal home range size. Home ranges are indicated by scent - marking. American marten male pelts often show signs of scarring on the head and shoulders, suggesting intrasexual aggression that may be related to home range maintenance. Home range overlap is generally minimal or nonexistent between adult males but may occur between males and females, adult males and juveniles, and between females. Several authors have reported that home range boundaries appear to coincide with topographical or geographical features. In northeastern California, movements and home range boundaries were influenced by cover, topography ( forest - meadow edges, open ridgetop, lakeshores ), and other American marten. In south - central Alaska, home range boundaries included creeks and a major river. In an area burned 8 years previously in interior Alaska, home range boundaries coincided with transition areas between riparian and nonriparian habitats. In northwestern Montana, home range boundaries appeared to coincide with the edge of large open meadows and burned areas ; the authors suggested that open areas represent a `` psychological rather than physical barriers ''. Description Skull The American marten is a long, slender - bodied weasel about the size of a mink with relatively large rounded ears, short limbs, and a bushy tail. American marten have a roughly triangular head and sharp nose. Their long, silky fur ranges in color from pale yellowish buff to tawny brown to almost black. Their head is usually lighter than the rest of their body, while the tail and legs are darker. American marten usually have a characteristic throat and chest bib ranging in color from pale straw to vivid orange. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced, with males averaging about 15 % larger than females in length and as much as 65 % larger in body weight. Total length ranges from 1.5 to 2.2 feet ( 0.5 -- 0.7 m ), with tail length of 5.4 to 6.4 inches ( 135 -- 160 mm ), Adult weight ranges from 1.1 to 3.1 pounds ( 0.5 -- 1.4 kg ) and varies by age and location. Other than size, sexes are similar in appearance. American marten have limited body - fat reserves, experience high mass - specific heat loss, and have a limited fasting endurance. In winter, individuals may go into shallow torpor daily to reduce heat loss. Behavior American marten in flowers American marten activity patterns vary by region, though in general, activity is greater in summer than in winter. American marten may be active as much as 60 % of the day in summer but as little as 16 % of the day in winter. In north - central Ontario individuals were active about 10 to 16 hours a day in all seasons except late winter, when activity was reduced to about 5 hours a day. In south - central Alaska, American marten were more active in autumn ( 66 % active ) than in late winter and early spring ( 43 % active ). In northeastern California, more time was spent traveling and hunting in summer than in winter, suggesting that reduced winter activity may be related to thermal and food stress or may be the result of larger prey consumption and consequent decrease in time spent foraging. American marten may be nocturnal or diurnal. Variability in daily activity patterns has been linked to activity of major prey species, foraging efficiency, gender, reducing exposure to extreme temperatures, season, and timber harvest. In northeastern California, activity in the snow - free season ( May -- December ) was diurnal, while winter activity was largely nocturnal. In south - central Alaska, American marten were nocturnal in autumn, with strong individual variability in diel activity in late winter. Activity occurred throughout the day in late winter and early spring. Daily distance traveled may vary by age, gender, habitat quality, season, prey availability, traveling conditions, weather, and physiological condition of the individual. Year - round daily movements in Grand Teton National Park ranged from 0 to 2.83 miles ( 0 -- 4.57 km ), averaging 0.6 mile ( 0.9 km, observations of 88 individuals ). One marten in south - central Alaska repeatedly traveled 7 to 9 miles ( 11 -- 14 km ) overnight to move between 2 areas of home range focal activity. One individual in central Idaho moved as much as 9 miles ( 14 km ) a day in winter, but movements were largely confined to a 1,280 - acre ( 518 ha ) area. Juvenile American marten in east - central Alaska traveled significantly farther each day than adults ( 1.4 miles ( 2.2 km ) vs. 0.9 mile ( 1.4 km ) ). Weather factors American marten standing in a snowy glade Weather may impact American marten activity, resting site use, and prey availability. Individuals may become inactive during storms or extreme cold. In interior Alaska, a decrease in above - the - snow activity occurred when ambient temperatures fell below − 4 ° F ( − 20 ° C ). In southeastern Wyoming, temperature influenced resting site location. Above - snow sites were used during the warmest weather, while subnivean sites were used during the coldest weather, particularly when temperatures were low and winds were high following storms. High mortality may occur if American marten become wet in cold weather, as when unusual winter rains occur during live trapping. In Yosemite National Park, drought conditions increased the diversity of prey items ; American marten consumed fish and small mammal species made more accessible by low snow conditions in a drought year. A snowy habitat in many parts of the range of the American marten provides thermal protection and opportunities for foraging and resting. American marten may travel extensively under the snowpack. Subnivean travel routes of > 98 feet ( 30 m ) were documented in northeastern Oregon, > 33 feet ( 10 m ) on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and up to 66 feet ( 20 m ) in Wyoming. American marten are well adapted to snow. On the Kenai Peninsula, individuals navigated through deep snow regardless of depth, with tracks rarely sinking > 2 inches ( 5 cm ) into the snow pack. Snowfall pattern may affect distribution, with the presence of American marten linked to deep snow areas. Adaptations to deep snow are particularly important in areas where the American marten is sympatric with the fisher, which may compete with and / or prey on American marten. In California, American marten were closely associated with areas of deep snow ( > 9 inches ( 23 cm ) / winter month ), while fishers were more associated with shallow snow ( < 5 inches ( 13 cm ) / winter month ). Overlap zones were areas with intermediate snow levels. Age and recruitment ratios suggested that there were few reproductive American marten where snow was shallow and few reproductive fishers where snow was deep. Where deep snow accumulates, American marten prefer cover types that prevent snow from packing hard and have structures near the ground that provide access to sub nivean sites. While American marten select habitats with deep snow, they may concentrate activity in patches with relatively shallow snow. In north - central Idaho, American marten activity was highest in areas where snow depths were < 12 inches ( 30 cm ). This was attributed to easier burrowing for food and more shrub and log cover. Reproduction Breeding American marten reach sexual maturity by 1 year of age, but effective breeding may not occur before 2 years of age. In captivity, 15 - year - old females bred successfully. In the wild, 12 - year - old females were reproductive. Adult American marten are generally solitary except during the breeding season. They are polygamous, and females may have multiple periods of heat. Females enter estrus in July or August, with courtship lasting about 15 days. Embryonic implantation is delayed until late winter, with active gestation lasting approximately a month. Females give birth in late March or April to a litter ranging from 1 to 5 kits. Annual reproductive output is low according to predictions based on body size. Fecundity varies by age and year and may be related to food abundance. Denning behavior Females use dens to give birth and to shelter kits. Dens are classified as either natal dens, where parturition takes place, or maternal dens, where females move their kits after birth. American marten females use a variety of structures for natal and maternal denning, including the branches, cavities or broken tops of live trees, snags, stumps, logs, woody debris piles, rock piles, and red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) nests or middens. Females prepare a natal den by lining a cavity with grass, moss, and leaves. They frequently move kits to new maternal dens once kits are 7 -- 13 weeks old. Most females spend more than 50 % of their time attending dens in both pre-weaning and weaning periods, with less time spent at dens as kits aged. Paternal care has not been documented. Development of young American marten Weaning occurs at 42 days. Young emerge from dens at about 50 days but may be moved by their mother before this. In northwestern Maine, kits were active but poorly coordinated at 7 to 8 weeks, gaining coordination by 12 to 15 weeks. Young reach adult body weight around 3 months. Kits generally stay in the company of their mother through the end of their first summer, and most disperse in the fall. The timing of juvenile dispersal is not consistent throughout American marten 's distribution, ranging from early August to October. In south - central Yukon, young - of - the - year dispersed from mid-July to mid-September, coinciding with the onset of female estrus. Observations from Oregon and Yukon suggest that juveniles may disperse in early spring. Of 9 juvenile American marten that dispersed in spring in northeastern Oregon, 3 dispersed a mean of 20.7 miles ( 33.3 km ) ( range : 17.4 -- 26.8 miles ( 28.0 -- 43.2 km ) ) and established home ranges outside of the study area. Three were killed after dispersing distances ranging from 5.3 to 14.6 miles ( 8.6 -- 23.6 km ), and 3 dispersed a mean of 5.0 miles ( 8.1 km ) ( range : 3.7 -- 6.0 miles ( 6.0 -- 9.6 km ) ) but returned and established home ranges in the area of their original capture. Spring dispersal ended between June and early August, after which individuals remained in the same area and established a home range. Food habits American marten are opportunistic predators, influenced by local and seasonal abundance and availability of potential prey. They require about 80 cal / day while at rest, the equivalent of about 3 voles ( Microtus, Myodes, and Phenacomys spp. ). Voles dominate diets throughout the American marten 's geographic range, though larger prey -- particularly snowshoe hares -- may be important, particularly in winter. Red - backed voles ( Myodes spp. ) are generally taken in proportion to their availability, while meadow voles ( Microtus ' spp. ) are taken in excess of their availability in most areas. Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) and shrews ( Soricidae ) are generally eaten less than expected, but may be important food items in areas lacking alternative prey species. Birds were the most important prey item in terms of frequency and volume on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Fish may be important in coastal areas. American marten diet may shift seasonally or annually. In general, diet is more diverse in summer than winter, with summer diets containing more fruit, other vegetation, and insects. Diet is generally more diverse in the eastern and southern parts of American marten 's distribution compared to the western part, though there is high diversity in the Pacific states. American marten exhibit the least diet diversity in the subarctic, though diversity may also be low in areas where the diet is dominated by large prey species ( e.g., snowshoe hares or red squirrels ). American marten may be important seed dispersers ; seeds generally pass through the animal intact, and seeds are likely germinable. One study from Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska, found that Alaska blueberry ( Vaccinium alaskensis ) and ovalleaf huckleberry ( V. ovalifolium ) seeds had higher germination rates after passing through the gut of American marten compared to seeds that dropped from the parent plant. Analyses of American marten movement and seed passage rates suggested that American marten could disperse seeds long distances : 54 % of the distances analyzed were > 0.3 mile ( 0.5 km ). Mortality Play media American marten in a tree in New Hampshire Life span American marten in captivity may live for 15 years. The oldest individual documented in the wild was 14.5 years old. Survival rates vary by geographic region, exposure to trapping, habitat quality, and age. In an unharvested population in northeastern Oregon, the probability of survival of American marten ≥ 9 months old was 0.55 for 1 year, 0.37 for 2 years, 0.22 for 3 years, and 0.15 for 4 years. The mean annual probability of survival was 0.63 for 4 years. In a harvested population in east - central Alaska, annual adult survival rates ranged from 0.51 to 0.83 over 3 years of study. Juvenile survival rates were lower, ranging from 0.26 to 0.50. In Newfoundland, annual adult survival was 0.83. Survival of juveniles from October to April was 0.76 in a protected population, but 0.51 in areas open to snaring and trapping. In western Quebec, natural mortality rates were higher in clearcut areas than in unlogged areas. Predators American marten are vulnerable to predation from raptors and other carnivores. The threat of predation may be an important factor shaping American marten habitat preferences, a hypothesis inferred from their avoidance of open areas and from behavioral observations of the European pine marten ( Martes martes ). Specific predators vary by geographic region. In Newfoundland, red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) were the most frequent predator, though coyote ( Canis latrans ) and other American marten were also responsible for some deaths. In deciduous forests in northeastern British Columbia, most predation was attributed to raptors. Of 18 American marten killed by predators in northeastern Oregon, 8 were killed by bobcats ( Lynx rufus ), 4 by raptors, 4 by other American marten, and 2 by coyotes. Throughout the distribution of American marten, other predators include the great horned owl ( Bubo virginianus ), bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), Canada lynx ( L. canadensis ), mountain lion ( Puma concolor ), fisher ( M. pennanti ), wolverine ( Gulo gulo ), grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis ), American black bear ( U. americanus ), and grey wolf ( C. lupus ). In northeastern Oregon, most predation ( 67 % ) occurred between May and August, and no predation occurred between December and February. Hunting The fur of the American marten is shiny and luxuriant, resembling that of the closely related sable. At the turn of the twentieth century, the American marten population was depleted due to the fur trade. The Hudson 's Bay Company traded in pelts from this species among others. Numerous protection measures and reintroduction efforts have allowed the population to increase, but deforestation is still a problem for the marten in much of its habitat. American marten are trapped for their fur in all but a few states and provinces where they occur. The highest annual take in North America was 272,000 animals in 1820. Trapping is a major source of American marten mortality in some populations and may account for up to 90 % of all deaths in some areas. Overharvesting has contributed to local extirpations. Trapping may impact population density, sex ratios and age structure. Juveniles are more vulnerable to trapping than adults, and males are more vulnerable than females. American marten are particularly vulnerable to trapping mortality in industrial forests. Other Other sources of mortality include drowning, starvation, exposure, choking, and infections associated with injury. During live trapping, high mortality may occur if individuals become wet in cold weather. American marten host several internal and external parasites, including helminths, fleas ( Siphonaptera ), and ticks ( Ixodida ). American marten in central Ontario carried both toxoplasmosis and Aleutian disease, but neither affliction was suspected to cause significant mortality. High American marten mortality in Newfoundland was caused by encephalitis. References This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Agriculture document `` Martes americana ''. ^ Jump up to : Reid, F. & Helgen, K. ( 2008 ). `` Martes americana ''. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 February 2010. Jump up ^ Martes americana, MSW3 ^ Jump up to : Buskirk, Steven W. ; Ruggiero, Leonard F. ( 1994 ). `` American marten ), pp. 7 -- 37 in Ruggiero, Leonard F. ; Aubry, Keith B. ; Buskirk, Steven W. ; Lyon, L. Jack ; Zielinski, William J., tech. eds. 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Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. North Bay, ON : Ontario Trappers Association. ISBN 0774393653. ^ Jump up to : Hearn, Brian J. ( 2007 ). Factors affecting habitat selection and population characteristics of American marten ( Martes americana atrata ) in Newfoundland. Orono, ME : The University of Maine. Dissertation ^ Jump up to : Bull, Evelyn L. ; Heater, Thad W ( 2001 ). `` Home range and dispersal of the American marten in northeastern Oregon ''. Northwestern Naturalist. 82 ( 1 ) : 7 -- 11. doi : 10.2307 / 3536641. JSTOR 3536641. ^ Jump up to : Shults, Bradley Scott. ( 2001 ). Abundance and ecology of martens ( Martes americana ) in interior Alaska. Fairbanks, AK : University of Alaska. Thesis ^ Jump up to : Simon, Terri Lee. ( 1980 ). An ecological study of the marten in the Tahoe National Forest, California. Sacramento, CA : California State University. Thesis ^ Jump up to : Hauptman, Tedd N. ( 1979 ). Spatial and temporal distribution and feeding ecology of the pine marten. Pocatello, ID : Idaho State University. Thesis ^ Jump up to : Schumacher, Thomas V. ; Bailey, Theodore N. ; Portner, Mary F. ; Bangs, Edward E. ; Larned, William W. ( 1989 ). Marten ecology and distribution on the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Draft manuscript. Soldotna, AK : U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. On file with : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Lab, Missoula, MT ; FEIS files ^ Jump up to : Vernam, Donald J. ( 1987 ). Marten habitat use in the Bear Creek burn, Alaska. Fairbanks, AK : University of Alaska. Thesis Jump up ^ Hawley, Vernon D. ; Newby, Fletcher E ( 1957 ). `` Marten home ranges and population fluctuations ''. Journal of Mammalogy. 38 ( 2 ) : 174 -- 184. doi : 10.2307 / 1376307. JSTOR 1376307. ^ Jump up to : http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/bio/mammal/carn/muste/ammr/marten.htm/. ( Martes americana ( American Marten ), Idaho State University ) ^ Jump up to : Powell, Roger A. ; Buskirk, Steven W. ; Zielinski, William J. ( 2003 ). `` Fisher and marten : Martes pennanti and Martes americana '', pp. 635 -- 649 in Feldhamer, George A. ; Thompson, Bruce C. ; Chapman, Joseph A., eds. Wild mammals of North America : Biology, management, and conservation. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8018 - 7416 - 1 ^ Jump up to : Zielinski, William J. ; Spencer, Wayne D. ; Barrett, Reginald H ( 1983 ). `` Relationship between food habits and activity patterns of pine martens ''. Journal of Mammalogy. 64 ( 3 ) : 387 -- 396. doi : 10.2307 / 1380351. JSTOR 1380351. ^ Jump up to : Hargis, Christina Devin. ( 1981 ). Winter habitat utilization and food habits of the pine marten ( Martes americana ) in Yosemite National Park. Berkeley, CA : University of California. Thesis ^ Jump up to : Thomasma, Linda Ebel. ( 1996 ). Winter habitat selection and interspecific interactions of American martens ( Martes americana ) and fishers ( Martes pennanti ) in the McCormick Wilderness and surrounding area. Houghton, MI : Michigan Technological University. Dissertation Jump up ^ Krohn, WB ; Elowe, KD ; Boone, RB ( 1995 ). `` Relations among fishers, snow, and martens : development and evaluation of two hypotheses ''. Forestry Chronicle. 71 ( 1 ) : 97 -- 105. doi : 10.5558 / tfc71097 - 1. Jump up ^ Buskirk, Steven W. ; Powell, Roger A. `` Habitat ecology of fishers and American martens ''. in Buskirk, pp. 283 -- 296 ^ Jump up to : Koehler, Gary M. ; Hornocker, Maurice G ( 1977 ). `` Fire effects on marten habitat in the Selway - Bitterroot Wilderness ''. Journal of Wildlife Management. 41 ( 3 ) : 500 -- 505. doi : 10.2307 / 3800522. JSTOR 3800522. ^ Jump up to : Strickland, Marjorie A. ; Douglas, Carman W. ; Novak, Milan ; Hunziger, Nadine P. ( 1982 ). Marten : Martes americana. In : Chapman, Joseph A. ; Feldhamer, George A., eds. Wild mammals of North America : biology, management, and economics. Baltimore, MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 599 -- 612 ISBN 0 - 8018 - 2353 - 6 Jump up ^ Nagorsen, David W. ; Campbell, R. Wayne ; Giannico, Guillermo R. ( 1991 ). Winter food habits of marten, Martes americana, on the Queen Charlotte Islands. The Canadian Field - Naturalist. 105 ( 1 ) : 55 -- 59 Jump up ^ Martin, Sandra K. ( 1994 ). `` Feeding ecology of American martens and fishers '', in Buskirk, pp. 297 -- 315 Jump up ^ Hickey, Jena R. ( 1997 ). The dispersal of seeds of understory shrubs by American martens, Martes americana, on Chichagof Island, Alaska. Laramie, WY : University of Wyoming. Thesis ^ Jump up to : Bull, Evelyn L. ; Heater, Thad W ( 2001 ). `` Survival, causes of mortality, and reproduction in the American marten in northeastern Oregon '' ( PDF ). Northwestern Naturalist. 82 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 6. doi : 10.2307 / 3536640. JSTOR 3536640. ^ Jump up to : Potvin, Francois ; Breton, Laurier. ( 1995 ). `` Short - term effects of clearcutting on martens and their prey in the boreal forest of western Quebec '', pp. 452 -- 474 in Proulx, Gilbert ; Bryant, Harold N. ; Woodard, Paul M., eds. Martes : taxonomy, ecology, techniques, and management : Proceedings of the 2nd international Martes symposium ; 1995 August 12 -- 16 ; Edmonton, AB. Edmonton, AB : University of Alberta Press ^ Jump up to : Berg, William E. ; Kuehn, David W. `` Demography and range of fishers and American martens in a changing Minnesota landscape '', in Buskirk, pp. 262 -- 271 ^ Jump up to : Fredrickson, Richard John. ( 1990 ). The effects of disease, prey fluctuation, and clear cutting on American marten in Newfoundland. Logan, UT : Utah State University. Thesis. External links Smithsonian Institution -- North American Mammals : Martes americana Bibliography Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martes americana. Buskirk, Steven W. ; Harestad, Alton S. ; Raphael, Martin G. ; Powell, Roger A., eds. ( 1994 ). Martens, sables, and fishers : Biology and conservation. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press. ISBN 0 - 8014 - 2894 - 7. Extant Carnivora species Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Infraclass : Eutheria Superorder : Laurasiatheria Suborder Feliformia Nandiniidae Nandinia African palm civet ( N. binotata ) Herpestidae ( Mongooses ) Atilax Marsh mongoose ( A. paludinosus ) Bdeogale Bushy - tailed mongoose ( B. crassicauda ) Jackson 's mongoose ( B. jacksoni ) Black - footed mongoose ( B. nigripes ) Crossarchus Alexander 's kusimanse ( C. alexandri ) Angolan kusimanse ( C. ansorgei ) Common kusimanse ( C. obscurus ) Flat - headed kusimanse ( C. platycephalus ) Cynictis Yellow mongoose ( C. penicillata ) Dologale Pousargues 's mongoose ( D. dybowskii ) Galerella Angolan slender mongoose ( G. flavescens ) Black mongoose ( G. nigrata ) Somalian slender mongoose ( G. ochracea ) Cape gray mongoose ( G. pulverulenta ) Slender mongoose ( G. sanguinea ) Helogale Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( H. hirtula ) Common dwarf mongoose ( H. parvula ) Herpestes Short - tailed mongoose ( H. brachyurus ) Indian gray mongoose ( H. edwardsii ) Indian brown mongoose ( H. fuscus ) Egyptian mongoose ( H. ichneumon ) Small Asian mongoose ( H. javanicus ) Long - nosed mongoose ( H. naso ) Collared mongoose ( H. semitorquatus ) Ruddy mongoose ( H. smithii ) Crab - eating mongoose ( H. urva ) Stripe - necked mongoose ( H. vitticollis ) Ichneumia White - tailed mongoose ( I. albicauda ) Liberiictus Liberian mongoose ( L. kuhni ) Mungos Gambian mongoose ( M. gambianus ) Banded mongoose ( M. mungo ) Paracynictis Selous ' mongoose ( P. selousi ) Rhynchogale Meller 's mongoose ( R. melleri ) Suricata Meerkat ( S. suricatta ) Hyaenidae ( Hyenas ) Crocuta Spotted hyena ( C. crocuta ) Hyaena Brown hyena ( H. brunnea ) Striped hyena ( H. hyaena ) Proteles Aardwolf ( P. cristatus ) Felidae Large family listed below Viverridae Large family listed below Eupleridae Small family listed below Family Felidae Felinae Acinonyx Cheetah ( A. jubatus ) Caracal Caracal ( C. caracal ) African golden cat ( C. aurata ) Catopuma Bay cat ( C. badia ) Asian golden cat ( C. temminckii ) Felis European wildcat ( F. silvestris ) African wildcat ( F. lybica ) Jungle cat ( F. chaus ) Black - footed cat ( F. nigripes ) Sand cat ( F. margarita ) Chinese mountain cat ( F. bieti ) Domestic cat ( F. catus ) Leopardus Ocelot ( L. pardalis ) Margay ( L. wiedii ) Pampas cat ( L. colocola ) Geoffroy 's cat ( L. geoffroyi ) Kodkod ( L. guigna ) Andean mountain cat ( L. jacobita ) Oncilla ( L. tigrinus ) Southern tigrina ( L. guttulus ) Leptailurus Serval ( L. serval ) Lynx Canadian lynx ( L. canadensis ) Eurasian lynx ( L. lynx ) Iberian lynx ( L. pardinus ) Bobcat ( L. rufus ) Otocolobus Pallas 's cat ( O. manul ) Pardofelis Marbled cat ( P. marmorata ) Prionailurus Fishing cat ( P. viverrinus ) Leopard cat ( P. bengalensis ) Sundaland leopard cat ( P. javanensis ) Flat - headed cat ( P. planiceps ) Rusty - spotted cat ( P. rubiginosus ) Puma Cougar ( P. concolor ) Herpailurus Jaguarundi ( H. yagouaroundi ) Pantherinae Panthera Lion ( P. leo ) Jaguar ( P. onca ) Leopard ( P. pardus ) Tiger ( P. tigris ) Snow leopard ( P. uncia ) Neofelis Clouded leopard ( N. nebulosa ) Sunda clouded leopard ( N. diardi ) Family Viverridae ( includes Civets ) Paradoxurinae Arctictis Binturong ( A. binturong ) Arctogalidia Small - toothed palm civet ( A. trivirgata ) Macrogalidia Sulawesi palm civet ( M. musschenbroekii ) Paguma Masked palm civet ( P. larvata ) Paradoxurus Golden wet - zone palm civet ( P. aureus ) Asian palm civet ( P. hermaphroditus ) Jerdon 's palm civet ( P. jerdoni ) Golden palm civet ( P. zeylonensis ) Hemigalinae Chrotogale Owston 's palm civet ( C. owstoni ) Cynogale Otter civet ( C. bennettii ) Diplogale Hose 's palm civet ( D. hosei ) Hemigalus Banded palm civet ( H. derbyanus ) Prionodontinae ( Asiatic linsangs ) Prionodon Banded linsang ( P. linsang ) Spotted linsang ( P. pardicolor ) Viverrinae Civettictis African civet ( C. civetta ) Genetta ( Genets ) Abyssinian genet ( G. abyssinica ) Angolan genet ( G. angolensis ) Bourlon 's genet ( G. bourloni ) Crested servaline genet ( G. cristata ) Common genet ( G. genetta ) Johnston 's genet ( G. johnstoni ) Rusty - spotted genet ( G. maculata ) Pardine genet ( G. pardina ) Aquatic genet ( G. piscivora ) King genet ( G. poensis ) Servaline genet ( G. servalina ) Haussa genet ( G. thierryi ) Cape genet ( G. tigrina ) Giant forest genet ( G. victoriae ) Poiana African linsang ( P. richardsonii ) Leighton 's linsang ( P. leightoni ) Viverra Malabar large - spotted civet ( V. civettina ) Large - spotted civet ( V. megaspila ) Malayan civet ( V. tangalunga ) Large Indian civet ( V. zibetha ) Viverricula Small Indian civet ( V. indica ) Family Eupleridae Euplerinae Cryptoprocta Fossa ( C. ferox ) Eupleres Eastern falanouc ( E. goudotii ) Western falanouc ( E. major ) Fossa Malagasy civet ( F. fossana ) Galidiinae Galidia Ring - tailed mongoose ( G. elegans ) Galidictis Broad - striped Malagasy mongoose ( G. fasciata ) Grandidier 's mongoose ( G. grandidieri ) Mungotictis Narrow - striped mongoose ( M. decemlineata ) Salanoia Brown - tailed mongoose ( S. concolor ) Durrell 's vontsira ( S. durrelli ) Suborder Caniformia ( cont. below ) Ursidae ( Bears ) Ailuropoda Giant panda ( A. melanoleuca ) Helarctos Sun bear ( H. malayanus ) Melursus Sloth bear ( M. ursinus ) Tremarctos Spectacled bear ( T. ornatus ) Ursus American black bear ( U. americanus ) Brown bear ( U. arctos ) Polar bear ( U. maritimus ) Asian black bear ( U. thibetanus ) Mephitidae Conepatus ( Hog - nosed skunks ) Molina 's hog - nosed skunk ( C. chinga ) Humboldt 's hog - nosed skunk ( C. humboldtii ) American hog - nosed skunk ( C. leuconotus ) Striped hog - nosed skunk ( C. semistriatus ) Mephitis Hooded skunk ( M. macroura ) Striped skunk ( M. mephitis ) Mydaus Sunda stink badger ( M. javanensis ) Palawan stink badger ( M. marchei ) Spilogale ( Spotted skunks ) Southern spotted skunk ( S. angustifrons ) Western spotted skunk ( S. gracilis ) Eastern spotted skunk ( S. putorius ) Pygmy spotted skunk ( S. pygmaea ) Procyonidae Bassaricyon ( Olingos ) Eastern lowland olingo ( B. alleni ) Northern olingo ( B. gabbii ) Western lowland olingo ( B. medius ) Olinguito ( B. neblina ) Bassariscus Ring - tailed cat ( B. astutus ) Cacomistle ( B. sumichrasti ) Nasua ( Coatis inclusive ) White - nosed coati ( N. narica ) South American coati ( N. nasua ) Nasuella ( Coatis inclusive ) Western mountain coati ( N. olivacea ) Eastern mountain coati ( N. meridensis ) Potos Kinkajou ( P. flavus ) Procyon Crab - eating raccoon ( P. cancrivorus ) Raccoon ( P. lotor ) Cozumel raccoon ( P. pygmaeus ) Ailuridae Ailurus Red panda ( A. fulgens ) Suborder Caniformia ( cont. above ) Otariidae ( Eared seals ) ( includes fur seals and sea lions ) ( Pinniped inclusive ) Arctocephalus South American fur seal ( A. australis ) Australasian fur seal ( A. forsteri ) Galápagos fur seal ( A. galapagoensis ) Antarctic fur seal ( A. gazella ) Juan Fernández fur seal ( A. philippii ) Brown fur seal ( A. pusillus ) Guadalupe fur seal ( A. townsendi ) Subantarctic fur seal ( A. tropicalis ) Callorhinus Northern fur seal ( C. ursinus ) Eumetopias Steller sea lion ( E. jubatus ) Neophoca Australian sea lion ( N. cinerea ) Otaria South American sea lion ( O. flavescens ) Phocarctos New Zealand sea lion ( P. hookeri ) Zalophus California sea lion ( Z. californianus ) Galápagos sea lion ( Z. wollebaeki ) Odobenidae ( Pinniped inclusive ) Odobenus Walrus ( O. rosmarus ) Phocidae ( Earless seals ) ( Pinniped inclusive ) Cystophora Hooded seal ( C. cristata ) Erignathus Bearded seal ( E. barbatus ) Halichoerus Gray seal ( H. grypus ) Histriophoca Ribbon seal ( H. fasciata ) Hydrurga Leopard seal ( H. leptonyx ) Leptonychotes Weddell seal ( L. weddellii ) Lobodon Crabeater seal ( L. carcinophagus ) Mirounga ( Elephant seals ) Northern elephant seal ( M. angustirostris ) Southern elephant seal ( M. leonina ) Monachus Mediterranean monk seal ( M. monachus ) Hawaiian monk seal ( M. schauinslandi ) Ommatophoca Ross seal ( O. rossi ) Pagophilus Harp seal ( P. groenlandicus ) Phoca Spotted seal ( P. largha ) Harbor seal ( P. vitulina ) Pusa Caspian seal ( P. caspica ) Ringed seal ( P. hispida ) Baikal seal ( P. sibirica ) Canidae Large family listed below Mustelidae Large family listed below Family Canidae ( includes dogs ) Atelocynus Short - eared dog ( A. microtis ) Canis Side - striped jackal ( C. adustus ) African golden wolf ( C. anthus ) Golden jackal ( C. aureus ) Coyote ( C. latrans ) Gray wolf ( C. lupus ) Black - backed jackal ( C. mesomelas ) Red wolf ( C. rufus ) Ethiopian wolf ( C. simensis ) Cerdocyon Crab - eating fox ( C. thous ) Chrysocyon Maned wolf ( C. brachyurus ) Cuon Dhole ( C. alpinus ) Lycalopex Culpeo ( L. culpaeus ) Darwin 's fox ( L. fulvipes ) South American gray fox ( L. griseus ) Pampas fox ( L. gymnocercus ) Sechuran fox ( L. sechurae ) Hoary fox ( L. vetulus ) Lycaon African wild dog ( L. pictus ) Nyctereutes Raccoon dog ( N. procyonoides ) Otocyon Bat - eared fox ( O. megalotis ) Speothos Bush dog ( S. venaticus ) Urocyon Gray fox ( U. cinereoargenteus ) Island fox ( U. littoralis ) Vulpes ( Foxes ) Bengal fox ( V. bengalensis ) Blanford 's fox ( V. cana ) Cape fox ( V. chama ) Corsac fox ( V. corsac ) Tibetan sand fox ( V. ferrilata ) Arctic fox ( V. lagopus ) Kit fox ( V. macrotis ) Pale fox ( V. pallida ) Rüppell 's fox ( V. rueppelli ) Swift fox ( V. velox ) Red fox ( V. vulpes ) Fennec fox ( V. zerda ) Family Mustelidae Lutrinae ( Otters ) Aonyx African clawless otter ( A. capensis ) Oriental small - clawed otter ( A. cinerea ) Enhydra Sea otter ( E. lutris ) Hydrictis Spotted - necked otter ( H. maculicollis ) Lontra North American river otter ( L. canadensis ) Marine otter ( L. felina ) Neotropical otter ( L. longicaudis ) Southern river otter ( L. provocax ) Lutra Eurasian otter ( L. lutra ) Hairy - nosed otter ( L. sumatrana ) Lutrogale Smooth - coated otter ( L. perspicillata ) Pteronura Giant otter ( P. brasiliensis ) Mustelinae ( including badgers ) Arctonyx Hog badger ( A. collaris ) Eira Tayra ( E. barbara ) Galictis Lesser grison ( G. cuja ) Greater grison ( G. vittata ) Gulo Wolverine ( G. gulo ) Ictonyx Saharan striped polecat ( I. libyca ) Striped polecat ( I. striatus ) Lyncodon Patagonian weasel ( L. patagonicus ) Martes ( Martens ) American marten ( M. americana ) Yellow - throated marten ( M. flavigula ) Beech marten ( M. foina ) Nilgiri marten ( M. gwatkinsii ) European pine marten ( M. martes ) Japanese marten ( M. melampus ) Sable ( M. zibellina ) Pekania Fisher ( P. pennanti ) Meles Japanese badger ( M. anakuma ) Asian badger ( M. leucurus ) European badger ( M. meles ) Mellivora Honey badger ( M. capensis ) Melogale ( Ferret - badgers ) Bornean ferret - badger ( M. everetti ) Chinese ferret - badger ( M. moschata ) Javan ferret - badger ( M. orientalis ) Burmese ferret - badger ( M. personata ) Mustela ( Weasels and Ferrets ) Amazon weasel ( M. africana ) Mountain weasel ( M. altaica ) Stoat ( M. erminea ) Steppe polecat ( M. eversmannii ) Colombian weasel ( M. felipei ) Long - tailed weasel ( M. frenata ) Japanese weasel ( M. itatsi ) Yellow - bellied weasel ( M. kathiah ) European mink ( M. lutreola ) Indonesian mountain weasel ( M. lutreolina ) Black - footed ferret ( M. nigripes ) Least weasel ( M. nivalis ) Malayan weasel ( M. nudipes ) European polecat ( M. putorius ) Siberian weasel ( M. sibirica ) Back - striped weasel ( M. strigidorsa ) Egyptian weasel ( M. subpalmata ) Neovison ( Minks ) American mink ( N. vison ) Poecilogale African striped weasel ( P. albinucha ) Taxidea American badger ( T. taxus ) Vormela Marbled polecat ( V. peregusna ) Taxon identifiers Wd : Q322145 ADW : Martes_americana ARKive : martes - americana EoL : 328591 EPPO : MRTSAM Fossilworks : 48844 GBIF : 5218864 iNaturalist : 41798 ITIS : 180559 IUCN : 41648 MSW : 14001204 NCBI : 9660 uBio : 105647 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_marten&oldid=843243756 '' Categories : IUCN Red List least concern species Martens Mammals of Canada Mammals of the United States Fauna of the Sierra Nevada ( U.S. ) Mammals described in 1806 Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from July 2013 Articles with ' species ' microformats Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Aragonés Авар Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Български Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Deutsch Diné bizaad Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk 한국어 Hrvatski Interlingua Italiano עברית ქართული Лакку Лезги Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം Монгол Nederlands Олык марий پنجابی Polski Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 33 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 May 2018, at 21 : 25. 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Question: what is the habitat of a pine marten
Answer: mature coniferous or mixed forests in Alaska and Canada, the Pacific Northwest of the United States[5] and south into Northern New England[6][7][8] and through the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada