Portuguese Malacca - wikipedia Portuguese Malacca This article is about the occupation of Malacca by the Portuguese Empire. For the armed conflict in Malacca, see Malayan - Portuguese War. Portuguese Fort of Malacca Malaca Portuguesa ( Portuguese ) Melaka Portugis ( Malay ) Portuguese colony 1511 -- 1641 Flag of Portugal Coat of arms of Portugal Malacca, shown within modern Malaysia Portuguese Malacca by Ferdinand Magellan, ca. 1509 - 1512. Capital Malacca Town Languages Portuguese, Malay Political structure Colony King of Portugal 1511 -- 1521 Manuel I 1640 -- 1641 John IV Captains - major 1512 -- 1514 Rui de Brito Patalim ( first ) 1638 -- 1641 Manuel de Sousa Coutinho ( last ) Captains - general 1616 -- 1635 António Pinto da Fonseca ( first ) 1637 -- 1641 Luís Martins de Sousa Chichorro ( last ) Historical era Imperialism Fall of Malacca Sultanate 15 August 1511 Fall of Portuguese Malacca 14 January 1641 Currency Portuguese real Preceded by Succeeded by Malacca Sultanate Dutch Malacca Part of a series on the History of Malaysia Prehistoric Malaysia Prehistoric Malaysia 100 -- 6th century Early kingdoms Gangga Negara 2nd -- 11th century Langkasuka 2nd -- 14th century Chi Tu 2nd -- 6th century Pan Pan 3rd -- 5th century Kedah Tua 5th -- 9th century Pahang Tua 5th -- 15th century Melayu 6th century Kota Gelanggi 7th -- 9th century Srivijaya 650 -- 1377 Majapahit 1293 -- 1500 Rise of Muslim states Kedah Sultanate 1136 -- present Brunei Sultanate 1368 -- present Malacca Sultanate 1402 -- 1511 Sulu Sultanate 1450 -- 1899 Pahang Sultanate 1470 -- 1623 Aceh Sultanate 1496 -- 1903 Pattani Sultanate 1516 -- 1902 Johor Sultanate 1528 -- present Sarawak Sultanate 1599 -- 1641 Besut Kingdom 1780 -- 1899 Setul Kingdom 1808 -- 1916 Reman Kingdom 1810 -- 1902 Kubang Pasu Kingdom 1839 -- 1864 House of Jamalullail 1843 -- present Colonial era Portuguese Malacca 1511 -- 1641 Dutch -- Portuguese War 1601 -- 1661 Dutch Malacca 1641 -- 1824 Siamese invasion of Kedah 1821 -- 1826 Anglo - Dutch Treaty 1824 Burney Treaty 1826 Straits Settlements 1826 -- 1946 Kingdom of Sarawak 1841 -- 1946 Crown Colony of Labuan 1848 -- 1946 Klang War 1867 -- 1874 Pangkor Treaty 1874 British Malaya / Borneo 1874 -- 1946 North Borneo 1882 -- 1946 Federated Malay States 1895 -- 1946 Anglo - Siamese Treaty 1909 Unfederated Malay States 1909 -- 1946 Battle of Penang 1914 World War II Japanese occupation of Malaya / of Borneo 1941 -- 1945 Malayan Campaign 1941 -- 1942 Battle of Muar 1942 Parit Sulong Massacre 1942 Battle of Singapore 1942 Syburi 1942 Si Rat Malai 1943 -- 1945 Sandakan Death Marches 1942 Formation of Malaysia British Military Administration of Malaya / of Borneo 1945 -- 1946 Crown Colony of N. Borneo 1946 -- 1963 Crown Colony of Sarawak 1946 -- 1963 Malayan Union 1946 -- 1948 Federation of Malaya 1948 -- 1963 Independence of Malaya 1957 Self - government of Singapore 1959 Self - government of North Borneo 1963 Self - government of Sarawak 1963 Formation of Malaysia 1963 Singapore in Malaysia 1963 -- 1965 Federal Territory of KL Federal Territory of Labuan 1984 Federal Territory of Putrajaya Incidents Anti-cession movement 1946 -- 1963 Malayan Emergency 1948 -- 1960 Batang Kali massacre 1948 Bukit Kepong incident 1950 Baling Talks 1956 Brunei revolt 1962 -- 1966 Sarawak Communist Insurgency 1962 -- 1990 Philippine claim over North Borneo 1962 -- present Philippine militant attacks in Borneo 1962 -- present Confrontation with Indonesia 1963 -- 1966 Singapore race riots 1964 ASEAN Declaration ( ASEAN ) 1967 Brunei 's claim over Limbang 1967 -- 2009 Second communist insurgency 1968 -- 1989 13 May Incident 1969 Ligitan and Sipadan dispute 1969 -- 2002 Malaysian New Economic Policy 1971 -- 1990 Malaysian haze crisis 1972 -- 2016 Pedra Branca dispute 1979 -- present South China Sea islands dispute ( Spratly Islands ) 1980 -- present 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 1985 Memali Incident 1985 Operation Lalang Constitutional crisis 1987 -- 1988 1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia Financial crisis 1997 -- 1998 Al - Ma'unah Incident 2000 Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa 2006 Bersih rally 2007 Anti ISA rally 2009 Bersih 2.0 rally 2011 Bersih 3.0 rally 2012 People 's Uprising rally 2013 Lahad Datu standoff 2013 Anti-price hike rally 2013 Black - Out rally 2013 MAS MH370 Incident 2014 MAS MH17 Incident 2014 AirasiaQZ8501 Incident 2014 Bersih 4 rally 2015 2015 Malay Dignity rally 2015 Bersih 5 rally 2016 By topic Communications Economic Military Malaysia portal Portuguese Malacca was the territory of Malacca that, for 130 years ( 1511 -- 1641 ), was a Portuguese colony. Contents 1 History 1.1 The capture of Malacca 1.2 A Portuguese port in a hostile region 1.3 Chinese military retaliation against Portugal 1.4 Chinese boycott and counterattacks 1.5 Dutch conquest and the end of Portuguese Malacca 2 Fortaleza de Malaca 2.1 Gateways 2.2 Destruction 3 Malacca Town during the Portuguese Era 3.1 Tranqueira 3.2 Yler 3.3 Sabba 4 Portuguese immigration 5 Portuguese administration of Malacca 6 See also 7 References History According to the 16th - century Portuguese historian Emanuel Godinho de Erédia, the site of the old city of Malacca was named after the Phyllanthus Emblica ( Malacca Tree or Pokok Melaka ), fruit - bearing trees along the banks of a river called Airlele ( Ayer Leleh ). The Airlele river was said to originate from Buquet China ( present - day Bukit Cina ). Eredia cited that the city was founded by Permicuri ( i.e. Parameswara ) the first King of Malacca in 1411. The capture of Malacca Further information : Capture of Malacca ( 1511 ) The news of Malacca 's wealth attracted the attention of Manuel I, King of Portugal and he sent Admiral Diogo Lopes de Sequeira to find Malacca, to make a trade compact with its ruler as Portugal 's representative east of India. The first European to reach Malacca and Southeast Asia, Sequeira arrived in Malacca in 1509. Although he was initially well received by Sultan Mahmud Shah, trouble however quickly ensued. The general feeling of rivalry between Islam and Christianity was invoked by a group of Goa Muslims in the sultan 's court after the Portuguese had captured Goa. The international Muslim trading community convinced Mahmud that the Portuguese were a grave threat. Mahmud subsequently captured several of his men, killed others and attempted to attack the four Portuguese ships, although they escaped. As the Portuguese had found in India, conquest would be the only way they could establish themselves in Malacca. In April 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with a force of some 1200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships. The Viceroy made a number of demands -- one of which was for permission to build a fortress as a Portuguese trading post near the city. The Sultan refused all the demands. Conflict was unavoidable, and after 40 days of fighting, Malacca fell to the Portuguese on 24 August. A bitter dispute between Sultan Mahmud and his son Sultan Ahmad also weighed down the Malaccan side. Following the defeat of the Malacca Sultanate on 15 August 1511 in the capture of Malacca, Afonso de Albuquerque sought to erect a permanent form of fortification in anticipation of the counterattacks by Sultan Mahmud. A fortress was designed and constructed encompassing a hill, lining the edge of the sea shore, on the south east of the river mouth, on the former site of the Sultan 's palace. Albuquerque remained in Malacca until November 1511 preparing its defences against any Malay counterattack. Sultan Mahmud Shah was forced to flee Malacca. A Portuguese port in a hostile Region `` Construction of Malacca City : Intramuros Anno 1604 '' by Manuel Godinho de Eredia As the first base of European Christian trading kingdom in Southeast Asia, it was surrounded by numerous emerging native Muslim states. Also, with hostile initial contact with the local Malay policy, Portuguese Malacca faced severe hostility. They endured years of battles started by Malay sultans who wanted to get rid of the Portuguese and reclaim their land. The Sultan made several attempts to retake the capital. He rallied the support from his ally the Sultanate of Demak in Java who, in 1511, agreed to send naval forces to assist. Led by Pati Unus, the Sultan of Demak, the combined Malay -- Java efforts failed and were fruitless. The Portuguese retaliated and forced the sultan to flee to Pahang. Later, the sultan sailed to Bintan Island and established a new capital there. With a base established, the sultan rallied the disarrayed Malay forces and organized several attacks and blockades against the Portuguese 's position. Frequent raids on Malacca caused the Portuguese severe hardship. In 1521 the second Demak campaign to assist the Malay Sultan to retake Malacca was launched, however once again failed with the cost of the Demak Sultan 's life. He was later remembered as Pangeran Sabrang Lor or the Prince who crossed ( the Java Sea ) to North ( Malay Peninsula ). The raids helped convince the Portuguese that the exiled sultan 's forces must be silenced. A number of attempts were made to suppress the Malay forces, but it was n't until 1526 that the Portuguese finally razed Bintan to the ground. The sultan then retreated to Kampar in Riau, Sumatra where he died two years later. He left behind two sons named Muzaffar Shah and Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Muzaffar Shah was invited by the people in the north of the peninsula to become their ruler, establishing the Sultanate of Perak. Meanwhile, Mahmud 's other son, Alauddin succeeded his father and made a new capital in the south. His realm was the Johor Sultanate, the successor of Malacca. Several attempts to remove Malacca from Portuguese rule were made by the Sultan of Johor. A request sent to Java in 1550 resulted in Queen Kalinyamat, the regent of Jepara, sending 4,000 soldiers aboard 40 ships to meet the Johor sultan 's request to take Malacca. The Jepara troops later joined forces with the Malay alliance and managed to assemble around 200 warships for the upcoming assault. The combined forces attacked from the north and captured most of Malacca, but the Portuguese managed to retaliate and force back the invading forces. The Malay alliance troops were thrown back to the sea, while the Jepara troops remained on shore. Only after their leaders were slain did the Jepara troops withdraw. The battle continued on the beach and in the sea resulting in more than 2,000 Jepara soldiers being killed. A storm stranded two Jepara ships on the shore of Malacca, and they fell prey to the Portuguese. Fewer than half of the Jepara soldiers managed to leave Malacca. In 1567, Prince Husain Ali I Riayat Syah from the Sultanate of Aceh launched a naval attack to oust the Portuguese from Malacca, but this once again ended in failure. In 1574 a combined attack from Aceh Sultanate and Javanese Jepara tried again to capture Malacca from the Portuguese, but ended in failure due to poor coordination. Competition from other ports such as Johor saw Asian traders bypass Malacca and the city began to decline as a trading port. Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating it, the Portuguese had fundamentally disrupted the organisation of the Asian trade network. Rather than a centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth exchange, or a Malay state to police the Strait of Malacca that made it safe for commercial traffic, trade was now scattered over a number of ports amongst bitter warfare in the Straits. Chinese military retaliation against Portugal Portuguese Malacca tin coins of King Emmanuel ( 1495 - 1521 ) and John III ( 1521 - 1557 ) period were discovered during an excavation near the Malacca River mouth by W. Edgerton, Resident Councilor of Malacca in 1900. Further information : Fernão Pires de Andrade and Tomé Pires The Malay Malacca Sultanate was a tributary state and ally to Ming Dynasty China. When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511, the Chinese responded with violent force against the Portuguese. Following the attack, the Chinese refused to accept a Portuguese embassy. The Chinese Imperial Government imprisoned and executed multiple Portuguese diplomatic envoys after torturing them in Guangzhou. A Malaccan envoy had informed the Chinese of the Portuguese seizure of Malacca, which the Chinese responded to with hostility toward the Portuguese. The Malaccan envoy told the Chinese of the deception the Portuguese used, disguising plans for conquering territory as mere trading activities, and told his tale of deprivations at the hands of the Portuguese. Malacca was under Chinese protection and the Portuguese invasion angered the Chinese. Due to the Malaccan Sultan lodging a complaint against the Portuguese invasion to the Chinese Emperor, the Portuguese were greeted with hostility from the Chinese when they arrived in China. The Sultan 's complaint caused `` a great deal of trouble '' to Portuguese in China. The Chinese were very `` unwelcoming '' to the Portuguese. The Malaccan Sultan, based in Bintan after fleeing Malacca, sent a message to the Chinese, which combined with Portuguese banditry and violent activity in China, led the Chinese authorities to execute 23 Portuguese and torture the rest of them in jails. After the Portuguese set up posts for trading in China and committed piratical activities and raids in China, the Chinese responded with the complete extermination of the Portuguese in Ningbo and Quanzhou Pires, a Portuguese trade envoy, was among those who died in the Chinese dungeons. However, with gradual improvement of relations and aid given against the Wokou pirates along China 's shores, by 1557 Ming China finally agreed to allow the Portuguese to settle at Macau in a new Portuguese trade colony. The Malay Sultanate of Johor also improved relations with the Portuguese and fought alongside them against the Aceh Sultanate. Chinese boycott and counterattacks Chinese traders boycotted Malacca after it fell under Portuguese control, some Chinese in Java assisted in Muslim attempts to reconquer the city from Portugal using ships. The Java Chinese participation in retaking Malacca was recorded in `` The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon ''. The Chinese traders did business with the Malays and Javanese instead of the Portuguese. Dutch conquest and the end of Portuguese Malacca Further information : Battle of Malacca ( 1641 ) By the early 17th century, the Dutch East India Company ( Dutch : Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC ) began contesting Portuguese power in the East. At that time, the Portuguese had transformed Malacca into an impregnable fortress, the Fortaleza de Malaca, controlling access to the sea lanes of the Straits of Malacca and the spice trade there. The Dutch started by launching small incursions and skirmishes against the Portuguese. The first serious attempt was the siege of Malacca in 1606 by the third VOC fleet from Holland with eleven ships, commanded by Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge that led to the naval battle of Cape Rachado. Although the Dutch were routed, the Portuguese fleet of Martim Afonso de Castro, the Viceroy of Goa, suffered heavier casualties and the battle rallied the forces of the Sultanate of Johor into an alliance with the Dutch and later on with the Aceh Sultanate. Around that same time period, the Sultanate of Aceh had grown into a regional power with a formidable naval force and regarded Portuguese Malacca as potential threat. In 1629, Iskandar Muda of the Aceh Sultanate sent several hundred ships to attack Malacca, but the mission was a devastating failure. According to Portuguese sources, all of his ships were destroyed and lost some 19,000 men in the process. The Dutch with their local allies assaulted and finally wrested Malacca from the Portuguese in January 1641. This combined Dutch - Johor - Aceh efforts effectively destroyed the last bastion of Portuguese power, reducing their influence in the archipelago. The Dutch settled in the city as Dutch Malacca, however the Dutch had no intention to make Malacca their main base, and concentrated on building Batavia ( today Jakarta ) as their headquarters in the orient instead. The Portuguese ports in the spice - producing areas of Mollucas also fell to the Dutch in the following years. With these conquests, the last Portuguese colonies in Asia remained confined to Portuguese Timor, Goa, Daman and Diu in Portuguese India and Macau until the 20th century. Fortaleza de Malaca Present day Porta de Santiago. The early core of the fortress system was a quadrilateral tower called Fortaleza de Malaca. Measurement was given as 10 fathoms per side with a height of 40 fathoms. It was constructed at the foot of the fortress hill, next to the sea. To its east was constructed a circular wall of mortar and stone with a well in the middle of the enclosure. Over the years, constructions began to fully fortify the fortress hill. The pentagonal system began at the farthest point of the cape near south east of the river mouth, towards the west of the Fortaleza. At this point two ramparts were built at right angles to each other lining the shores. The one running northward toward the river mouth was 130 fathoms in length to the bastion of São Pedro while the other one ran for 75 fathoms to the east, curving inshore, ending at the gate and bastion of Santiago. From the bastion of São Pedro the rampart turned north east 150 fathoms past the Custom House Terrace gateway ending at the northernmost point of the fortress, the bastion of São Domingos. From the gateway of São Domingos, an earth rampart ran south - easterly for 100 fathoms ending at the bastion of the Madre de Deus. From here, beginning at the gate of Santo António, past the bastion of the Virgins, the rampart ended at the gateway of Santiago. Overall the city enclosure was 655 fathoms and 10 palms ( short ) of a fathom. Gateways Four gateways were built for the city ; Porta de Santiago The gateway of the Custom House Terrace Porta de São Domingos Porta de Santo António Of these four gateways only two were in common use and open to traffic : the Gate of Santo António linking to the suburb of Yler and the western gate at the Custom House Terrace, giving access to Tranqueira and its bazaar. Destruction After almost 300 years of existence, in 1806, the British, unwilling to maintain the fortress and wary of letting other European powers taking control of it, ordered its slow destruction. The fort was almost totally demolished but for the timely intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles visiting Malacca in 1810. The only remnants of the earliest Portuguese fortress in Southeast Asia is the Porta de Santiago, now known as the A Famosa. Malacca town during the Portuguese era Outside of the fortified town centre lie the three suburbs of Malacca. The suburb of Upe ( Upih ), generally known as Tranqueira ( modern day Tengkera ) from the rampart of the fortress. The other two suburb were Yler ( Hilir ) or Tanjonpacer ( Tanjung Pasir ) and the suburb of Sabba. Tranqueira The Fort of Tranquera at Malacca by Carl Friedrich Reimer, 1786. Tranqueira was the most important suburb of Malacca. The suburb was rectangular in shape, with a northern walled boundary, the straits of Malacca to the south and the river of Malacca ( Rio de Malaca ) and the fortaleza 's wall to the east. It was the main residential quarters of the city. However, in war, the residents of the quarters would be evacuated to the fortress. Tranqueira was divided into a further two parishes, São Tomé and São Estêvão. The parish of S. Tomé was called Campon Chelim ( Malay : Kampung Keling ). It was described that this area was populated by the Chelis of Choromandel. The other suburb of São Estêvão was also called Campon China ( Kampung Cina ). Erédia described the houses as made of timber but roofed by tiles. A stone bridge with sentry crosses the river Malacca to provide access to the Malacca Fortress via the eastern Custome House Terrace. The centre of trade of the city was also located in Tranqueira near the beach on the mouth of the river called the Bazaar of the Jaos ( Jowo / Jawa i.e. Javanese ). In the present day, this part of the city is called Tengkera. Yler The district of Yler ( Hilir ) roughly covered Buquet China ( Bukit Cina ) and the south - eastern coastal area. The Well of Buquet China was one of the most important water sources for the community. Notable landmarks included the Church of the Madre De Deus and the Convent of the Capuchins of São Francisco. Other notable landmarks included Buquetpiatto ( Bukit Piatu ). The boundaries of this unwalled suburb were said to extend as far as Buquetpipi and Tanjonpacer. Tanjonpacer ( Malay : Tanjung Pasir ) was later renamed Ujong Pasir. A community descended from Portuguese settlers is still located here in present - day Malacca. However, this suburb of Yler is now known as Banda Hilir. Modern land reclamations ( for the purpose of building the commercial district of Melaka Raya ) have, however, denied Banda Hilir the access to the sea that it formerly had. Sabba The houses of this suburb were built along the edges of the river. Some of the original Muslim Malay inhabitants of Malacca lived in the swamps of Nypeiras tree, where they were known to make Nypa ( Nipah ) wine by distillation for trade. This suburb was considered the most rural, being a transition to the Malacca hinterland, where timber and charcoal traffic passed through into the city. Several Christian parishes also lay outside the city along the river ; São Lázaro, Our Lady of Guadalupe, Our Lady of Hope. While Muslim Malays inhabited the farmlands deeper into the hinterland. In later periods of Dutch, British and modern day Malacca, the name of Sabba was made obsolete. However, its area encompassed parts of what is now Banda Kaba, Bunga Raya and Kampung Jawa ; and the modern city centre of Malacca Portuguese immigration The Portuguese also shipped over many Orfãs d'El - Rei to Portuguese colonies overseas in Africa and India, and also to Portuguese Malacca. Orfãs d'El - Rei literally translates to `` Orphans of the King '', and they were Portuguese girl orphans sent to overseas colonies to marry Portuguese settlers. Portuguese administration of Malacca Malacca was administered by a Governor ( a Captain - Major ), who was appointed for a term of three - years, as well as a Bishop and church dignitaries representing the Episcopal See, municipal officers, Royal Officials for finance and justice and a local native Bendahara to administer the native Muslims and foreigners under the Portuguese jurisdiction. Captains - Major of Malacca ( 1512 -- 1641 ) Captains - major From Until Rui de Brito Patalim 1512 1514 Jorge de Albuquerque ( 1st time ) 1514 1516 Jorge de Brito 1516 1517 Nuno Vaz Pereira 1517 1518 Afonso Lopes da Costa 1518 1519 Garcia de Sá ( 1st time ) 1519 1521 Jorge de Albuquerque ( 2nd time ) 1521 1525 Pero de Mascarenhas 1525 1526 Jorge Cabral 1526 1528 Pero de Faria 1528 1529 See also Portuguese Settlement, Malacca Portuguese Well References ^ Jump up to : Ricklefs, M.C. ( 1991 ). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300, 2nd Edition. London : MacMillan. p. 23. ISBN 0 - 333 - 57689 - 6. ^ Jump up to : Mohd Fawzi bin Mohd Basri ; Mohd Fo'ad bin Sakdan ; Azami bin Man ( 2002 ). Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah Sejarah Tingkatan 1. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. p. 95. ISBN 983 - 62 - 7410 - 3. ^ Jump up to : Ricklefs, M.C. ( 1991 ). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300, 2nd Edition. London : Macmillan. pp. 23 -- 24. ISBN 0 - 333 - 57689 - 6. Jump up ^ Kenneth Warren Chase ( 2003 ). Firearms : a global history to 1700 ( illustrated ed. ). Cambridge University Press. p. 142. ISBN 0 - 521 - 82274 - 2. Retrieved 14 December 2011. The Portuguese spent several years trying to establish formal relations with China, but Melaka had been part of the Chinese tributary system, and the Chinese had found out about the Portuguese attack, making them suspicious. The embassy was formally rejected in 1521. Jump up ^ Nigel Cameron ( 1976 ). Barbarians and mandarins : thirteen centuries of Western travelers in China. Volume 681 of A phoenix book ( illustrated, reprint ed. ). University of Chicago Press. p. 143. ISBN 0 - 226 - 09229 - 1. Retrieved 18 July 2011. envoy, had most effectively poured out his tale of woe, of deprivation at the hands of the Portuguese in Malacca ; and he had backed up the tale with others concerning the reprehensible Portuguese methods in the Moluccas, making the case ( quite truthfully ) that European trading visits were no more than the prelude to annexation of territory. With the tiny sea power at this time available to the Chinese Jump up ^ Zhidong Hao ( 2011 ). Macau History and Society ( illustrated ed. ). Hong Kong University Press. p. 11. ISBN 988 - 8028 - 54 - 5. Retrieved 14 December 2011. Pires came as an ambassador to Beijing to negotiate trade terms and settlements with China. He did make it to Beijing, but the mission failed because first, while Pires was in Beijing, the dethroned Sultan of Malacca also sent an envoy to Beijing to complain to the emperor about the Portuguese attack and conquest of Malacca. Malacca was part of China 's suzerainty when the Portuguese took it. The Chinese were apparently not happy with what the Portuguese did there. Jump up ^ Ahmad Ibrahim ; Sharon Siddique ; Yasmin Hussain, eds. ( 1985 ). Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 11. ISBN 9971 - 988 - 08 - 9. Retrieved 18 July 2011. in China was far from friendly ; this, it seems, had something to do with the complaint which the ruler of Malacca, conquered by the Portuguese in 1511, had lodged with the Chinese emperor, his suzerain. Jump up ^ John Horace Parry ( June 1, 1981 ). The discovery of the sea. University of California Press. p. 238. ISBN 0 - 520 - 04237 - 9. Retrieved 14 December 2011. In 1511... Alboquerque himself sailed... to attack Malacca... The Sultan of Malacca fled down the coast, to establish himself in the marshes of Johore, whence he sent petitions for redress to his remote suzerain, the Chinese Emperor. These petitions later caused the Portuguese, in their efforts to gain admission to trade at Canton, a great deal of trouble Jump up ^ John Horace Parry ( June 1, 1981 ). The discovery of the sea. University of California Press. p. 239. ISBN 0 - 520 - 04237 - 9. Retrieved 14 December 2011. When the Portuguese tried to penetrate, in their own ships, to Canton itself, their reception by the Chinese authorities -- understandably, in view of their reputation at Malacca -- was unwelcoming, and several decades elapsed before they secured a tolerated toehold at Macao. Jump up ^ Ernest S. Dodge ( 1976 ). Islands and Empires : Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia. Volume 7 of Europe and the World in Age of Expansion. U of Minnesota Press. p. 226. ISBN 0 - 8166 - 0853 - 9. Retrieved 18 July 2011. The inexusable behavior of the Portuguese, combined with the ill - chosen language of the letters which Pires presented to the celestial emperor, supplemented by a warning from the Malay sultan of Bintan, persuaded the Chinese that Pires was indeed up to no good Jump up ^ Kenneth Scott Latourette ( 1964 ). The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1 -- 2 ( 4, reprint ed. ). Macmillan. p. 235. Retrieved 18 July 2011. The Moslem ruler of Malacca, whom they had dispossessed, complained of them to the Chinese authorities. A Portuguese envoy, Pires, who reached Peking in 1520 was treated as a spy, was conveyed by imperial order to Canton Jump up ^ Wills, John E., Jr. ( 1998 ). `` Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514 -- 1662, '' in The Cambridge History of China : Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368 -- 1644, Part 2, 333 -- 375. Edited by Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank, and Albert Feuerwerker. New York : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 - 521 - 24333 - 5, 343 - 344. Jump up ^ C. Guillot ; Denys Lombard ; Roderich Ptak, eds. ( 1998 ). From the Mediterranean to the China Sea : miscellaneous notes. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 179. ISBN 3 - 447 - 04098 - X. Retrieved 14 December 2011. Chinese authors have argued, the Malacca - Chinese were not treated too favorably by the Portuguese... it is generally true that Chinese ships tended to avoid Malacca after 1511, sailing to other ports instead. Presumably these ports were mainly on the east coast of the Malayan peninsula and on Sumatra. Johore, in the deep south of the peninsula, was another place where many Chinese went... After 1511, many Chinese who were Muslims sided with other Islamic traders against the Portuguese ; according to The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon, Chinese settlers living on northern Java even became involved in counter-attacks on Malacca. Javanese vessels were indeed sent out but suffered a disastrous defeat. Demak and Japara alone lost more than seventy sail. Jump up ^ Peter Borschberg, National University of Singapore. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Fundação Oriente ( 2004 ). Peter Borschberg, ed. Iberians in the Singapore - Melaka area and adjacent regions ( 16th to 18th century ). Volume 14 of South China and maritime Asia ( illustrated ed. ). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 12. ISBN 3 - 447 - 05107 - 8. Retrieved 14 December 2011. still others withdrew to continue business with the Javanese, Malays and Gujaratis... When the Islamic world considered counter-attacks against Portuguese Melaka, some Chinese residents may have provided ships and capital. These Chinese had their roots either in Fujian, or else may have been of Muslim descent. This group may have consisted of small factions that fled Champa after the crisis of 1471. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Malaysia articles History Timeline Prehistoric Portuguese Malacca Dutch Malacca British Malaya Straits Settlements Federated Malay States Unfederated Malay States British Borneo Kingdom of Sarawak Crown Colony of Labuan North Borneo Japanese occupation of Malaya / Borneo British Military Administration ( Malaya / Borneo ) Malayan Union Federation of Malaya Independence Malayan Emergency Crown Colony of Singapore Self - government Crown Colony of Sarawak Self - government Crown Colony of North Borneo Self - government Malaysia Agreement 1962 Singapore referendum Cobbold Commission 18 - point agreement 20 - point agreement Indonesia -- Malaysia confrontation Sarawak Communist Insurgency Proclamation Malaysia Day PAP -- UMNO relations 1964 race riots Singapore in Malaysia Second Malayan Emergency 13 May Incident 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1997 Asian financial crisis Geography Cities, towns and villages Districts Divisions East Malaysia Environment Fauna Flora World Heritage Sites Islands Lakes Mountains National parks Peninsular Malaysia Rivers States Politics Cabinet Constitution Elections Foreign relations Government Human rights Judiciary Law Law enforcement Military Monarchies Parliament Political parties Prime Minister State legislative assemblies Head of state Economy Agriculture Banks Central bank Energy Federal budget Ringgit ( currency ) States by GDP Science and technology Stock exchange Telecommunications Tourism Transport Unions Society Crime Demographics Malaysians Education Post-secondary Universities Ethnic groups Health Income disparity Languages Poverty Religion Water supply and sanitation Women International rankings Culture Architecture Cinema Cuisine Folklore Mythology Literature Malay lordship Media Music Names Public holidays Sport Symbols Animal Anthem Emblem Flag Flower Pledge Outline Index Book Portal Portuguese overseas empire North Africa 15th century 1415 -- 1640 Ceuta 1458 -- 1550 Alcácer Ceguer ( El Qsar es Seghir ) 1471 -- 1550 Arzila ( Asilah ) 1471 -- 1662 Tangier 1485 -- 1550 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1487 -- 16th century Ouadane 1488 -- 1541 Safim ( Safi ) 1489 Graciosa 16th century 1505 -- 1541 Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué ( Agadir ) 1506 -- 1525 Mogador ( Essaouira ) 1506 -- 1525 Aguz ( Souira Guedima ) 1506 -- 1769 Mazagan ( El Jadida ) 1513 -- 1541 Azamor ( Azemmour ) 1515 -- 1541 São João da Mamora ( Mehdya ) 1577 -- 1589 Arzila ( Asilah ) Sub-Saharan Africa 15th century 1455 -- 1633 Anguim 1462 -- 1975 Cape Verde 1470 -- 1975 São Tomé 1471 -- 1975 Príncipe 1474 -- 1778 Annobón 1478 -- 1778 Fernando Poo ( Bioko ) 1482 -- 1637 Elmina ( São Jorge da Mina ) 1482 -- 1642 Portuguese Gold Coast 1508 -- 1547 Madagascar 1498 -- 1540 Mascarene Islands 16th century 1500 -- 1630 Malindi 1501 -- 1975 Portuguese Mozambique 1502 -- 1659 Saint Helena 1503 -- 1698 Zanzibar 1505 -- 1512 Quíloa ( Kilwa ) 1506 -- 1511 Socotra 1557 -- 1578 Accra 1575 -- 1975 Portuguese Angola 1588 -- 1974 Cacheu 1593 -- 1698 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 17th century 1645 -- 1888 Ziguinchor 1680 -- 1961 São João Baptista de Ajudá 1687 -- 1974 Bissau 18th century 1728 -- 1729 Mombassa ( Mombasa ) 1753 -- 1975 Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 19th century 1879 -- 1974 Portuguese Guinea 1885 -- 1974 Portuguese Congo Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. Or 1600. A factory ( Anosy Region ) and small temporary coastal bases. Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879. Part of Portuguese Angola from the 1920s. Middle East ( Persian Gulf ) 16th century 1506 -- 1615 Gamru ( Bandar Abbas ) 1507 -- 1643 Sohar 1515 -- 1622 Hormuz ( Ormus ) 1515 -- 1648 Quriyat 1515 -- ? Qalhat 1515 -- 1650 Muscat 1515 ? -- ? Barka 1515 -- 1633 ? Julfar ( Ras al - Khaimah ) 1521 -- 1602 Bahrain ( Muharraq Manama ) 1521 -- 1529 ? Qatif 1521 ? -- 1551 ? Tarut Island 1550 -- 1551 Qatif 1588 -- 1648 Matrah 17th century 1620 -- ? Khor Fakkan 1621 ? -- ? As Sib 1621 -- 1622 Qeshm 1623 -- ? Khasab 1623 -- ? Libedia 1624 -- ? Kalba 1624 -- ? Madha 1624 -- 1648 Dibba Al - Hisn 1624 ? -- ? Bandar - e Kong Indian subcontinent 15th century 1498 -- 1545 Laccadive Islands ( Lakshadweep ) 16th century Portuguese India 1500 -- 1663 Cochim ( Kochi ) 1501 -- 1663 Cannanore ( Kannur ) 1502 -- 1658 1659 -- 1661 Quilon ( Coulão / Kollam ) 1502 -- 1661 Pallipuram ( Cochin de Cima ) 1507 -- 1657 Negapatam ( Nagapatnam ) 1510 -- 1961 Goa 1512 -- 1525 1750 Calicut ( Kozhikode ) 1518 -- 1619 Portuguese Paliacate outpost ( Pulicat ) 1521 -- 1740 Chaul ( Portuguese India ) 1523 -- 1662 Mylapore 1528 -- 1666 Chittagong ( Porto Grande De Bengala ) 1531 -- 1571 Chaul 1531 -- 1571 Chalé 1534 -- 1601 Salsette Island 1534 -- 1661 Bombay ( Mumbai ) 1535 Ponnani 1535 -- 1739 Baçaím ( Vasai - Virar ) 1536 -- 1662 Cranganore ( Kodungallur ) 1540 -- 1612 Surat 1548 -- 1658 Tuticorin ( Thoothukudi ) 1559 -- 1961 Daman and Diu 1568 -- 1659 Mangalore ( Portuguese India ) 1579 -- 1632 Hugli 1598 -- 1610 Masulipatnam ( Machilipatnam ) 1518 -- 1521 Maldives 1518 -- 1658 Portuguese Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) 1558 -- 1573 Maldives 17th century Portuguese India 1687 -- 1749 Mylapore 18th century Portuguese India 1779 -- 1954 Dadra and Nagar Haveli East Asia and Oceania 16th century 1511 -- 1641 Portuguese Malacca ( Malaysia ) 1512 -- 1621 Maluku ( Indonesia ) 1522 -- 1575 Ternate 1576 -- 1605 Ambon 1578 -- 1650 Tidore 1512 -- 1665 Makassar 1557 -- 1999 Macau ( China ) 1580 -- 1586 Nagasaki ( Japan ) 17th century 1642 -- 1975 Portuguese Timor ( East Timor ) 19th century Portuguese Macau 1864 -- 1999 Coloane 1851 -- 1999 Taipa 1890 -- 1999 Ilha Verde 20th century Portuguese Macau 1938 -- 1941 Lapa and Montanha ( Hengqin ) 1975 is the year of East Timor 's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor 's independence was fully recognized. North America & North Atlantic 15th century ( Atlantic islands ) 1420 Madeira 1432 Azores 16th century ( Canada ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Terra Nova ( Newfoundland ) 1500 -- 1579 ? Labrador 1516 -- 1579 ? Nova Scotia South America & Antilles 16th century 1500 -- 1822 Brazil 1534 -- 1549 Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 1549 -- 1572 Brazil 1572 -- 1578 Bahia 1572 -- 1578 Rio de Janeiro 1578 -- 1607 Brazil 1621 -- 1815 Brazil 1536 -- 1620 Barbados 17th century 1621 -- 1751 Maranhão 1680 -- 1777 Nova Colónia do Sacramento 18th century 1751 -- 1772 Grão - Pará and Maranhão 1772 -- 1775 Grão - Pará and Rio Negro 1772 -- 1775 Maranhão and Piauí 19th century 1808 -- 1822 Cisplatina ( Uruguay ) 1809 -- 1817 Portuguese Guiana ( Amapá ) 1822 Upper Peru ( Bolivia ) Coats of arms of Portuguese colonies Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Portuguese colonial architecture Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia Portuguese colonization of the Americas Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Malacca&oldid=814674196 '' Categories : Former countries in Southeast Asia Former Portuguese colonies States and territories established in 1511 States and territories disestablished in 1641 Portuguese Malacca History of Malacca Portuguese colonisation in Asia Former colonies in Asia Former countries in Malaysian history Malaysia -- Portugal relations 1511 establishments in Portuguese Malacca 1641 disestablishments in Portuguese Malacca 1511 establishments in Asia 1641 disestablishments in Asia Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Use dmy dates from October 2011 Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters Articles containing Dutch - language text Articles containing Malay - language text Malaysia articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Aragonés تۆرکجه Català فارسی Bahasa Indonesia Lietuvių Bahasa Melayu Português Русский Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 10 December 2017, at 06 : 18. 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Question: to whom did the portuguese lose malacca in 1641
Answer: Dutch