Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore - Wikipedia Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( October 2011 ) Singapore and Malaysia have a long - standing conflict over water supplies. Contents 1 History 1.1 20th century 1.2 21st century 2 Water self - sufficiency 3 See also 4 Further reading 5 References History 20th century This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2013 ) The first water agreement was signed between Sultan Ibrahim II the Sultan of Johor and the Municipal Commissioners of the Town of Singapore on 5 December 1927, under the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements. It is no longer in force. On 1 September 1961, the Federation of Malaya signed an agreement giving Singapore the right to draw up to 86 million imperial gallons ( 390,000 m ) of water per day collectively from the Tebrau River, the Skudai River, the Pontian Reservoir, and the Gunung Pulai Reservoir, with effect through 2011. On 29 September 1962, a further agreement was signed providing Singapore the right to draw up to 250 million imperial gallons ( 1,100,000 m ) per day from the Johor River, with effect until 2061. Both agreements stipulated the price of 3 Malaysian cents per 1,000 imperial gallons ( 4,500 L ). In 1994, Linggiu Reservoir was built upstream of the Johor River and collects and releases rainwater. This pushes seawater back into the sea, ensuring that the river water is not too salty to be treated. It is operated by the PUB. 21st century The Malaysian government has stated that the agreements were signed in a different time and that the price should increase. It cites the example of water sold by China to Hong Kong in the past, which was approximately US $5.8 per 1,000 imperial gallons ( 4,500 L ). However, this price comparison is not directly applicable because while Hong Kong has borne the cost of constructing the infrastructure and China has borne the cost of maintaining to provide water to Hong Kong, Singapore paid for all the costs of the reservoirs in Johor, the dams, pipelines, plant, equipment, etc., and Singapore paid all costs of operating and maintaining the infrastructure. On 31 August 2011, the 2011 water agreement expired, and the waterworks and facilities were handed over to the Johor state government. The handover included the Skudai and Gunung Pulai water treatment plants, which were built by the Public Utilities Board and managed by them for 50 years, as well as two pump houses in Pontian and Tebrau. Water self - sufficiency This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2013 ) Malaysia is a reliable provider of water to Singapore but has used threats of cutting off the water supply to pressure Singapore politically. Seeking greater independence and freedom from such pressures, Singapore has pursued an expensive strategy of water self - sufficiency. As of 2003, about 40 % of Singapore 's water came from Malaysia. The proportion has been decreasing as Singapore has pursued its Four Tap Strategy of sourcing water from rainwater, recycling, desalination, and importation. By 2010, Singapore had constructed five Newater plants, a desalination plant and a new water barrage to increase rainwater supply. The Newater / desalination plants have the capability to supply 40 % of Singapore 's water needs as at 2010. The limit of rainwater catchment had a second and larger desalination plant constructed in 2013. Singapore 's water needs are anticipated to double in the next 50 years. Planned Newater output will triple to meet 50 % of needs by year 2060 whilst desalination investment will raise output to meet 30 % of needs. By the expiry of the 1962 water agreement in 2061, the necessity for Malaysia water import should be eliminated. Singapore also sells about 22.7 million litres of treated water to Johor each day See also Foreign relations of Singapore Further reading `` 1927 Water Agreement '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 24. Lee Poh Onn ( 2003 ). `` The water issue between Singapore and Malaysia : no solution in sight ? '' ( PDF ). Ecomics and Finance No. 1. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 18. References Jump up ^ `` Finding ways to increase water supply from Johor River '', The Straits Times, 17 January 2018 Jump up ^ Water Supplies Department of Hong Kong Annual Report 2010 / 11 - Optimising Water Supplies ( 3.11 MB ) Jump up ^ `` 1961 water agreement with Johor expires on Wednesday ''. The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011. Jump up ^ `` Finding ways to increase water supply from Johor River '', The Straits Times, 17 January 2018 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_conflicts_between_Malaysia_and_Singapore&oldid=829868757 '' Categories : Water resource conflicts Malaysia -- Singapore relations Water and politics Water supply and sanitation in Singapore Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia Environmental disasters in Asia Hidden categories : Articles lacking in - text citations from October 2011 All articles lacking in - text citations Articles needing additional references from December 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from December 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013 Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2013 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Use dmy dates from October 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu Edit links This page was last edited on 11 March 2018, at 08 : 25. 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Question: when will malaysia stop selling water to singapore
Answer: 2061