Library of Congress classification - wikipedia Library of Congress classification The Library of Congress Classification ( LCC ) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries. LCC should not be confused with LCCN, the system of Library of Congress Control Numbers assigned to all books ( and authors ), which also defines URLs of their online catalog entries, such as `` 82006074 '' and `` http://lccn.loc.gov/82006074 ''. The Classification is also distinct from Library of Congress Subject Headings, the system of labels such as `` Boarding schools '' and `` Boarding schools -- Fiction '' that describe contents systematically. Finally, the classifications may be distinguished from the call numbers assigned to particular copies of books in the collection, such as `` PZ7. J684 Wj 1982 FT MEADE Copy 1 '' where the classification is `` PZ7. J684 Wj 1982 ''. The classification was invented by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced by his Cutter Expansive Classification, the Dewey Decimal System, and the Putnam Classification System ( developed while Putnam was head librarian at the Minneapolis Public Library ). It was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress to replace the fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time Putnam departed from his post in 1939, all the classes except K ( Law ) and parts of B ( Philosophy and Religion ) were well developed. LCC has been criticized for lacking a sound theoretical basis ; many of the classification decisions were driven by the practical needs of that library rather than epistemological considerations. Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. That is, it provides a guide to the books actually in one library 's collections, not a classification of the world. In 2007 The Wall Street Journal reported that in the countries it surveyed most public libraries and small academic libraries used the older Dewey Decimal Classification system. The National Library of Medicine classification system ( NLM ) uses the initial letters W and QS -- QZ, which are not used by LCC. Some libraries use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC 's R for Medicine. Others use LCC 's QP -- QR schedules and include Medicine R. Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Class A -- General Works 1.2 Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion 1.3 Class C -- Auxiliary Sciences of History ( General ) 1.4 Class D -- World History ( except American History ) 1.5 Class E -- American History 1.6 Class F -- Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America 1.7 Class G -- Geography, Anthropology, Recreation 1.8 Class H -- Social Sciences 1.9 Class J -- Political Science 1.10 Class K -- Law 1.11 Class L -- Education 1.12 Class M -- Music 1.13 Class N -- Fine Arts 1.14 Class P -- Language and Literature 1.15 Class Q -- Science 1.16 Class R -- Medicine 1.17 Class S -- Agriculture 1.18 Class T -- Technology 1.19 Class U -- Military Science 1.20 Class V -- Naval Science 1.21 Class Z -- Bibliography, Library Science 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links Classification Java programming books in the QA subclass. Letter Subject area General Works Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion Auxiliary Sciences of History General and Old World History History of America History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America Geography, Anthropology, and Recreation Social Sciences Political Science Law Education Music Fine Arts Language and Literature Q Science Medicine Agriculture Technology U Military Science V Naval Science Z Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources Class A -- General Works Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class A -- General Works Subclass AC -- Collections. Series. Collected works Subclass AE -- Encyclopedias Subclass AG -- Dictionaries and other general reference works Subclass AI -- Indexes Subclass AM -- Museums. Collectors and collecting Subclass AN -- Newspapers Subclass AP -- Periodicals Subclass AS -- Academies and learned societies Subclass AY -- Yearbooks. Almanacs. Directories Subclass AZ -- History of scholarship and learning. The humanities Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion Subclass B -- Philosophy ( General ) Subclass BC -- Logic Subclass BD -- Speculative philosophy Subclass BF -- Psychology Subclass BH -- Aesthetics Subclass BJ -- Ethics Subclass BL -- Religions. Mythology. Rationalism Subclass BM -- Judaism Subclass BP -- Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc. Subclass BQ -- Buddhism Subclass BR -- Christianity Subclass BS -- The Bible Subclass BT -- Doctrinal theology Subclass BV -- Practical Theology Subclass BX -- Christian Denominations Class C -- Auxiliary Sciences of History ( General ) Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class C -- Auxiliary Sciences of History Subclass CB -- History of Civilization Subclass CC -- Archaeology Subclass CD -- Diplomatics. Archives. Seals Subclass CE -- Technical Chronology. Calendar Subclass CJ -- Numismatics Subclass CN -- Inscriptions. Epigraphy Subclass CR -- Heraldry Subclass CS -- Genealogy Subclass CT -- Biography Class D -- World History ( except American History ) Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class D -- History, General and Old World Subclass D -- History ( General ) Subclass DA -- Great Britain Subclass DAW -- Central Europe Subclass DB -- Austria -- Liechtenstein -- Hungary -- Czechoslovakia Subclass DC -- France -- Andorra -- Monaco Subclass DD -- Germany Subclass DE -- Greco - Roman World Subclass DF -- Greece Subclass DG -- Italy -- Malta Subclass DH -- Low Countries -- Benelux Countries Subclass DJ -- Netherlands ( Holland ) Subclass DJK -- Eastern Europe ( General ) Subclass DK -- Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics -- Poland Subclass DL -- Northern Europe. Scandinavia Subclass DP -- Spain -- Portugal Subclass DQ -- Switzerland Subclass DR -- Balkan Peninsula Subclass DS -- Asia Subclass DT -- Africa Subclass DU -- Oceania ( South Seas ) Subclass DX -- History of the Romani people Class E -- American History Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class E -- History of America Class F -- Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class F -- Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America Class G -- Geography, Anthropology, Recreation Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class G -- Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Subclass G -- Geography ( General ). Atlases. Maps Subclass GA -- Mathematical geography. Cartography Subclass GB -- Physical geography Subclass GC -- Oceanography Subclass GE -- Environmental Sciences Subclass GF -- Human ecology. Anthropogeography Subclass GN -- Anthropology Subclass GR -- Folklore Subclass GT -- Manners and customs ( General ) Subclass GV -- Recreation. Leisure Class H -- Social Sciences Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class H -- Social sciences Subclass H -- Social sciences ( General ) Subclass HA -- Statistics Subclass HB -- Economic theory. Demography Subclass HC -- Economic history and conditions Subclass HD -- Industries. Land use. Labor Subclass HE -- Transportation and communications Subclass HF -- Commerce Subclass HG -- Finance Subclass HJ -- Public finance Subclass HM -- Sociology ( General ) Subclass HN -- Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform Subclass HQ -- The family. Marriage, Women and Sexuality Subclass HS -- Societies : secret, benevolent, etc. Subclass HT -- Communities. Classes. Races Subclass HV -- Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Subclass HX -- Socialism. Communism. Anarchism Class J. -- Political science Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class J -- Political science Subclass J -- General legislative and executive papers Subclass JA -- Political science ( General ) Subclass JC -- Political theory Subclass JF -- Political institutions and public administration Subclass JJ -- Political institutions and public administration ( North America ) Subclass JK -- Political institutions and public administration ( United States ) Subclass JL -- Political institutions and public administration ( Canada, Latin America, etc. ) Subclass JN -- Political institutions and public administration ( Europe ) Subclass JQ -- Political institutions and public administration ( Asia, Africa, Australia, Pacific Area, etc. ) Subclass JS -- Local government. Municipal government Subclass JV -- Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration Subclass JX -- International law, see JZ and KZ ( obsolete ) Subclass JZ -- International relations Class K -- Law Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class K -- Law Subclass K -- Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence Subclass KB -- Religious law in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence Subclass KBM -- Jewish law Subclass KBP -- Islamic law Subclass KBR -- History of canon law Subclass KBS -- Canon law of Eastern churches Subclass KBT -- Canon law of Eastern Rite Churches in Communion with the Holy See of Rome Subclass KBU -- Law of the Roman Catholic Church. The Holy See Subclasses -- KD / KDK - United Kingdom and Ireland Subclass KDZ -- America. North America Subclass KE -- Canada Subclass KF -- United States Subclass KG -- Latin America -- Mexico and Central America -- West Indies. Caribbean area Subclass KH -- South America Subclasses KJ - KKZ -- Europe Subclasses KL - KWX -- Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica Subclass KU / KUQ -- Law of Australia and New Zealand Subclass KZ -- Law of nations Class L -- Education Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class L -- Education Subclass L -- Education ( General ) Subclass LA -- History of education Subclass LB -- Theory and practice of education Subclass LC -- Special aspects of education Subclass LD -- Individual institutions -- United States Subclass LE -- Individual institutions -- America ( except United States ) Subclass LF -- Individual institutions -- Europe Subclass LG -- Individual institutions -- Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands Subclass LH -- College and school magazines and papers Subclass LJ -- Student fraternities and societies, United States Subclass LT -- Textbooks Class M -- Music Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class M -- Music Subclass M -- Music Subclass ML -- Literature on music Subclass MT -- Instruction and study Class N -- Fine Arts Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class N -- Fine Arts Subclass N -- Visual arts Subclass NA -- Architecture Subclass NB -- Sculpture Subclass NC -- Drawing. Design. Illustration Subclass ND -- Painting Subclass NE -- Print media Subclass NK -- Decorative arts Subclass NX -- Arts in general Class P -- Language and Literature Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class P -- Language and Literature The PN - subclass shelf. Subclass P -- Philology. Linguistics Subclass PA -- Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature Subclass PB -- Modern languages. Celtic languages and literature Subclass PC -- Romanic languages Subclass PD -- Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages Subclass PE -- English language Subclass PF -- West Germanic languages Subclass PG -- Slavic languages and literatures. Baltic languages. Albanian language Subclass PH -- Uralic languages. Basque language Subclass PJ -- Oriental languages and literatures Subclass PK -- Indo - Iranian languages and literatures Subclass PL -- Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania Subclass PM -- Hyperborean, Native American, and artificial languages Subclass PN -- Literature ( General ) Subclass PQ -- French literature -- Italian literature -- Spanish literature -- Portuguese literature Subclass PR -- English literature Subclass PS -- American literature Subclass PT -- German literature -- Dutch literature -- Flemish literature since 1830 -- Afrikaans literature - Scandinavian literature -- Old Norse literature : Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian -- Modern Icelandic literature -- Faroese literature -- Danish literature -- Norwegian literature -- Swedish literature Subclass PZ -- Fiction and juvenile belles lettres Class Q -- Science Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class Q -- Science Subclass Q -- Science ( General ) Subclass QA -- Mathematics Subclass QB -- Astronomy Subclass QC -- Physics Subclass QD -- Chemistry Subclass QE -- Geology Subclass QH -- Natural history -- Biology Subclass QK -- Botany Subclass QL -- Zoology Subclass QM -- Human anatomy Subclass QP -- Physiology Subclass QR -- Microbiology Class R -- Medicine Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class R -- Medicine Subclass R -- Medicine ( General ) Subclass RA -- Public aspects of medicine Subclass RB -- Pathology Subclass RC -- Internal medicine Subclass RD -- Surgery Subclass RE -- Ophthalmology Subclass RF -- Otorhinolaryngology Subclass RG -- Gynecology and Obstetrics Subclass RJ -- Pediatrics Subclass RK -- Dentistry Subclass RL -- Dermatology Subclass RM -- Therapeutics. Pharmacology Subclass RS -- Pharmacy and materia medica Subclass RT -- Nursing Subclass RV -- Botanic, Thomsonian, and Eclectic medicine Subclass RX -- Homeopathy Subclass RZ -- Other systems of medicine Class S -- Agriculture Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class S -- Agriculture Subclass S -- Agriculture ( General ) Subclass SB -- Horticulture. Plant propagation. Plant breeding Subclass SD -- Forestry. Arboriculture. Silviculture Subclass SF -- Animal husbandry. Animal science Subclass SH -- Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Subclass SK -- Hunting Class T -- Technology Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class T -- Technology Subclass T -- Technology ( General ) Subclass TA -- Engineering Civil engineering ( General ). Subclass TC -- Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering Subclass TD -- Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Subclass TE -- Highway engineering. Roads and pavements Subclass TF -- Railroad engineering and operation Subclass TG -- Bridges Subclass TH -- Building construction Subclass TJ -- Mechanical engineering and machinery Subclass TK -- Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Subclass TL -- Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Subclass TN -- Mining engineering. Metallurgy Subclass TP -- Chemical technology Subclass TR -- Photography Subclass TS -- Manufacturing engineering. Mass production Subclass TT -- Handicrafts. Arts and crafts Subclass TX -- Home economics Class U -- Military Science Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class U -- Military Science Subclass U -- Military science ( General ) Subclass UA -- Armies : Organization, distribution, military situation Subclass UB -- Military administration Subclass UC -- Military maintenance and transportation Subclass UD -- Infantry Subclass UE -- Cavalry. Armor Subclass UF -- Artillery Subclass UG -- Military engineering. Air forces Subclass UH -- Other military services Class V -- Naval Science Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class V -- Naval Science Subclass V -- Naval science ( General ) Subclass VA -- Navies : Organization, distribution, naval situation Subclass VB -- Naval administration Subclass VC -- Naval maintenance Subclass VD -- Naval seamen Subclass VE -- Marines Subclass VF -- Naval ordnance Subclass VG -- Minor services of navies Subclass VK -- Navigation. Merchant marine Subclass VM -- Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Class Z -- Bibliography, Library Science Main article : Library of Congress Classification : Class Z -- Bibliography. Library Science. Information resources Subclass Z -- Books ( General ). Writing. Paleography. Book industries and trade. Libraries. Bibliography Subclass ZA -- Information resources / materials See also ACM Computing Classification System Brinkler classification Chinese Library Classification Comparison of Dewey and Library of Congress subject classification Harvard -- Yenching Classification ISBN Minnie Earl Sears, formulated Sears Subject Headings, simplified for use by small libraries Database of Recorded American Music Books in the United States Notes Jump up ^ LCCN also covers authors, which LCC does not. For authors ( people ), the letter ' n ' accompanies the number, and they too define URLs in a parallel catalog, such as `` n83160096 '' and `` http://lccn.loc.gov/n83160096 ''. ( So LCCN may be called alphanumeric. ) Jump up ^ LCSH too is developed by the Library and assigns alphanumeric IDs. A closer look at this example shows refinements defined in 2004, 2007, and 2009. LCSH : Boarding schools. Jump up ^ `` FT MEADE '' and `` Copy 1 '' are specific to the Library of Congress collection, where FT MEADE refers to a facility located at Fort George G. Meade. All libraries that use LCC assign call numbers that begin `` PZ7. J684 Wj 1982 '' to their copies of the 1982 edition of this book. References ^ Jump up to : Lavallee, Andrew ( July 20, 2007 ). `` Discord Over Dewey : A New Library in Arizona Fans a Heated Debate Over What Some Call the ' Googlization ' of Libraries ''. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 May 2013. Some 95 % of U.S. public libraries use Dewey, and nearly all of the others, the OCLC says, use a closely related Library of Congress system. Jump up ^ Claire Kelley. `` A library classification system that 's older than the Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress models ''. Jump up ^ Andy Sturdevant. `` Cracking the spine on Hennepin County Library 's many hidden charms ''. MinnPost, 02 / 05 / 14. Jump up ^ Hickey, Doralyn J. ( 1969 ). `` The Library Quarterly : Information, Community, Policy ''. Jump up ^ Taylor, A.G., & Joudrey, D.N. ( 2009 ). The organization of information. 3rd ed. Englewood : Libraries Unlimited. Jump up ^ Chan, L.M. ( 2007 ). Cataloguing and classification : An introduction. 3rd ed. Scarecrow Press. External links Wikisource has original text related to this article : Library of Congress Classification Wikidata has the property : Library of Congress Classification ( P1149 ) ( see uses ) Library of Congress classification outline, loc.gov Library of Congress -- classification, loc.gov Cataloging Distribution Services -- source of Library of Congress Classification schedules. loc.gov Classification outline, loc.gov How to read LCC call numbers, geography.about.com ( via The Wayback Machine ) How to use LCC to organize a home library, zackgrossbart.com Content listings Types Overviews Featured content Outlines Lists Portals Glossaries Categories Indices Topics Current events Reference Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Places, people and times Academic disciplines Anniversaries today Countries and territories People deaths this year Timelines centuries decades Indices A -- Z index Categories Dewey Decimal classes Library of Congress Classification Roget 's Thesaurus Spoken articles Wikipedia books Library classification systems Bliss ( BC ) Brian Deer Chinese Library ( CLC / CCL ) Colon ( CC ) Cutter Expansive Dewey Decimal ( DDC ) Harvard -- Yenching Korean decimal ( KDC ) Library of Congress ( LCC ) New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries Nippon Decimal ( NDC ) Swedish library system ( SAB ) Universal Decimal ( UDC ) See also : Knowledge organization Commons Portal VIAF : 203733980 GND : 4330113 - 7 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Classification&oldid=812927885 '' Categories : Library of Congress Classification Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from April 2013 Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2012 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Navigation Contents Featured content Current events About Wikipedia Wikisource বাংলা Català Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Македонски Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Română Русский Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 November 2017, at 18 : 43. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: who created the library of congress classification system
Answer: Herbert Putnam