Tiberius - wikipedia Tiberius This article is about the Roman Emperor. For the personal name, see Tiberius ( praenomen ). For other persons named Tiberius and other uses, see Tiberius ( disambiguation ). This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. ( June 2017 ) Tiberius Bust of the Emperor Tiberius Emperor of the Roman Empire Reign 18 September 14 AD -- 16 March 37 AD ( 22 years ) Predecessor Augustus Successor Caligula 16 November 42 BC Rome 16 March AD 37 ( aged 77 ) Misenum, Italy ( Roman Empire ) Burial Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome Spouse Vipsania Agrippina ( 19 -- 11 BC ) Julia the Elder ( 11 -- 2 BC ) Issue Drusus Julius Caesar Tiberillus Germanicus ( adopted ) Drusus Caesar ( adopted ) Regnal name Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus House Julio - Claudian dynasty Father Tiberius Claudius Nero Augustus ( adoptive ) Mother Livia Religion ancient Roman religion Tiberius ( / taɪˈbɪəriəs / ; Latin : Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus ; 16 November 42 BC -- 16 March 37 AD ) was Roman emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD, succeeding the first emperor, Augustus. Born to Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla in a Claudian family, he was given the personal name Tiberius Claudius Nero. His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian -- later to ascend to Emperor as Augustus -- who officially became his stepfather. Tiberius would later marry Augustus ' daughter ( from his marriage to Scribonia ), Julia the Elder, and even later be adopted by Augustus. Through the adoption, he officially became a Julian, assuming the name Tiberius Julius Caesar. The emperors after Tiberius would continue this blended dynasty of both families for the following thirty years ; historians have named it the Julio - Claudian dynasty. In relations to the other emperors of this dynasty, Tiberius was the stepson of Augustus, grand - uncle of Caligula, paternal uncle of Claudius, and great - grand uncle of Nero. His 22 - and - a-half - year reign would be the longest after Augustus 's until Antoninus Pius, who surpassed his reign by a few months. Tiberius was one of the greatest Roman generals ; his conquest of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and temporarily, parts of Germania, laid the foundations for the northern frontier. Even so, he came to be remembered as a dark, reclusive and sombre ruler who never really desired to be emperor ; Pliny the Elder called him `` the gloomiest of men. '' After the death of his son Drusus Julius Caesar in 23 AD, Tiberius became more reclusive and aloof. In 26 AD he removed himself from Rome and left administration largely in the hands of his unscrupulous Praetorian prefects Lucius Aelius Sejanus and Quintus Naevius Sutorius Macro. When Tiberius died, he was succeeded by his grand - nephew and adopted grandson, Caligula. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Background 1.2 Civil and military career 1.3 Retirement to Rhodes ( 6 BC ) 1.4 Heir to Augustus 2 Emperor ( 14 -- 37 AD ) 2.1 Early reign 2.2 Rise and fall of Germanicus 2.3 Tiberius in Capri, with Sejanus in Rome 2.3. 1 Plot by Sejanus against Tiberius 2.4 Final years 2.4. 1 Death ( 37 AD ) 3 Legacy 3.1 Historiography 3.1. 1 Publius Cornelius Tacitus 3.1. 2 Suetonius Tranquillus 3.1. 3 Velleius Paterculus 3.2 Gospels, Jews, and Christians 3.3 Archaeology 3.4 In fiction 4 Children and family 5 Ancestry 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Bibliography 8.1 Primary sources 8.2 Secondary material 9 External links Early life Roman imperial dynasties Julio - Claudian dynasty Chronology Augustus 27 BC -- 14 AD Tiberius 14 -- 37 AD Caligula 37 -- 41 AD Claudius 41 -- 54 AD Nero 54 -- 68 AD Family Gens Julia Gens Claudia Julio - Claudian family tree Category : Julio - Claudian dynasty Succession Preceded by Roman Republic Followed by Year of the Four Emperors Tiberius and his mother Livia, AD 14 - 19, from Paestum, National Archaeological Museum of Spain, Madrid Background Tiberius was born in Rome on 16 November 42 BC to Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia. In 39 BC his mother divorced his biological father and remarried Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus shortly thereafter, while still pregnant with Tiberius Nero 's son. In 38 BC his brother, Nero Claudius Drusus, was born. Little is recorded of Tiberius 's early life. In 32 BC Tiberius, at the age of nine, delivered the eulogy for his biological father at the rostra. In 29 BC, he rode in the triumphal chariot along with his adoptive father Octavian in celebration of the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium. In 23 BC Emperor Augustus became gravely ill and his possible death threatened to plunge the Roman world into chaos again. Historians generally agree that it is during this time that the question of Augustus ' heir became most acute, and while Augustus had seemed to indicate that Agrippa and Marcellus would carry on his position in the event of his death, the ambiguity of succession became Augustus ' chief problem. In response, a series of potential heirs seem to have been selected, among them Tiberius and his brother Drusus. In 24 BC, at the age of seventeen, Tiberius entered politics under Augustus ' direction, receiving the position of quaestor, and was granted the right to stand for election as praetor and consul five years in advance of the age required by law. Similar provisions were made for Drusus. Civil and military career Shortly thereafter Tiberius began appearing in court as an advocate, and it is presumably here that his interest in Greek rhetoric began. In 20 BC, Tiberius was sent East under Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. The Parthian Empire had captured the standards of the legions under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus ( 53 BC ) ( at the Battle of Carrhae ), Decidius Saxa ( 40 BC ), and Mark Antony ( 36 BC ). After a year of negotiation, Tiberius led a sizable force into Armenia, presumably with the goal of establishing it as a Roman client state and ending the threat it posed on the Roman - Parthian border. Augustus was able to reach a compromise whereby the standards were returned, and Armenia remained a neutral territory between the two powers. A bust of Vipsania Agrippina, Tiberius ' first wife, recovered from Leptis Magna. Tiberius married Vipsania Agrippina, the daughter of Augustus 's close friend and greatest general, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. He was appointed to the position of praetor, and was sent with his legions to assist his brother Drusus in campaigns in the west. While Drusus focused his forces in Gallia Narbonensis and along the German frontier, Tiberius combated the tribes in the Alps and within Transalpine Gaul, conquering Raetia. In 15 BC he discovered the sources of the Danube, and soon afterwards the bend of the middle course. Returning to Rome in 13 BC, Tiberius was appointed as consul, and around this same time his son, Drusus Julius Caesar, was born. Agrippa 's death in 12 BC elevated Tiberius and Drusus with respect to the succession. At Augustus ' request in 11 BC, Tiberius divorced Vipsania and married Julia the Elder, Augustus ' daughter and Agrippa 's widow. Tiberius was very reluctant to do this, as Julia had made advances to him when she was married and Tiberius was happily married. His new marriage with Julia was happy at first, but turned sour. Reportedly, Tiberius once ran into Vipsania again, and proceeded to follow her home crying and begging forgiveness ; soon afterwards, Tiberius met with Augustus, and steps were taken to ensure that Tiberius and Vipsania would never meet again. Tiberius continued to be elevated by Augustus, and after Agrippa 's death and his brother Drusus ' death in 9 BC, seemed the clear candidate for succession. As such, in 12 BC he received military commissions in Pannonia and Germania ; both areas highly volatile and of key importance to Augustan policy. The campaigns of Tiberius, Ahenobarbus, and Saturninus in Germania between 6 BC and 1 BC. In 6 BC, Tiberius launched a pincer movement against the Marcomanni. Setting out northwest from Carnuntum on the Danube with four legions, Tiberius passed through Quadi territory in order to invade Marcomanni territory from the east. Meanwhile, general Gaius Sentius Saturninus would depart east from Moguntiacum on the Rhine with two or three legions, pass through newly annexed Hermunduri territory, and attack the Marcomanni from the west. The campaign was a resounding success, but Tiberius could not subjugate the Marcomanni because he was soon summoned to the Rhine frontier to protect Rome 's new conquests in Germania. He returned to Rome and was consul for a second time in 7 BC, and in 6 BC was granted tribunician power ( tribunicia potestas ) and control in the East, all of which mirrored positions that Agrippa had previously held. However, despite these successes and despite his advancement, Tiberius was not happy. Retirement to Rhodes ( 6 BC ) Remnants of Tiberius ' villa at Sperlonga, on the coast midway between Rome and Naples In 6 BC, on the verge of accepting command in the East and becoming the second most powerful man in Rome, Tiberius suddenly announced his withdrawal from politics and retired to Rhodes. The precise motives for Tiberius 's withdrawal are unclear. Historians have speculated a connection with the fact that Augustus had adopted Julia 's sons by Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, and seemed to be moving them along the same political path that both Tiberius and Drusus had trodden. Tiberius 's move thus seemed to be an interim solution : he would hold power only until his stepsons would come of age, and then be swept aside. The promiscuous, and very public, behavior of his unhappily married wife, Julia, may have also played a part. Indeed, Tacitus calls it Tiberius ' intima causa, his innermost reason for departing for Rhodes, and seems to ascribe the entire move to a hatred of Julia and a longing for Vipsania. Tiberius had found himself married to a woman he loathed, who publicly humiliated him with nighttime escapades in the Roman Forum, and forbidden to see the woman he had loved. Whatever Tiberius 's motives, the withdrawal was almost disastrous for Augustus 's succession plans. Gaius and Lucius were still in their early teens, and Augustus, now 57 years old, had no immediate successor. There was no longer a guarantee of a peaceful transfer of power after Augustus 's death, nor a guarantee that his family, and therefore his family 's allies, would continue to hold power should the position of princeps survive. Somewhat apocryphal stories tell of Augustus pleading with Tiberius to stay, even going so far as to stage a serious illness. Tiberius 's response was to anchor off the shore of Ostia until word came that Augustus had survived, then sailing straightway for Rhodes. Tiberius reportedly regretted his departure and requested to return to Rome several times, but each time Augustus refused his requests. Heir to Augustus With Tiberius 's departure, succession rested solely on Augustus ' two young grandsons, Lucius and Gaius Caesar. The situation became more precarious in AD 2 with the death of Lucius. Augustus, with perhaps some pressure from Livia, allowed Tiberius to return to Rome as a private citizen and nothing more. In AD 4, Gaius was killed in Armenia, and Augustus had no other choice but to turn to Tiberius. The death of Gaius in AD 4 initiated a flurry of activity in the household of Augustus. Tiberius was adopted as full son and heir and in turn, he was required to adopt his nephew, Germanicus, the son of his brother Drusus and Augustus ' niece Antonia Minor. Along with his adoption, Tiberius received tribunician power as well as a share of Augustus 's maius imperium, something that even Marcus Agrippa may never have had. In AD 7, Agrippa Postumus, a younger brother of Gaius and Lucius, was disowned by Augustus and banished to the island of Pianosa, to live in solitary confinement. Thus, when in AD 13, the powers held by Tiberius were made equal, rather than second, to Augustus 's own powers, he was for all intents and purposes a `` co-princeps '' with Augustus, and, in the event of the latter 's passing, would simply continue to rule without an interregnum or possible upheaval. However, according to Suetonius, after a two - year stint in Germania, which lasted from 10 − 12 AD, `` Tiberius returned and celebrated the triumph which he had postponed, accompanied also by his generals, for whom he had obtained the triumphal regalia. And before turning to enter the Capitol, he dismounted from his chariot and fell at the knees of his father, who was presiding over the ceremonies. '' `` Since the consuls caused a law to be passed soon after this that he should govern the provinces jointly with Augustus and hold the census with him, he set out for Illyricum on the conclusion of the lustral ceremonies. '' Thus, according to Suetonius, these ceremonies and the declaration of his `` co-princeps '' took place in the year 12 AD, after Tiberius ' return from Germania. `` But he was at once recalled, and finding Augustus in his last illness but still alive, he spent an entire day with him in private. '' Augustus died in AD 14, a month before his 76th birthday. He was buried with all due ceremony and, as had been arranged beforehand, deified, his will read, and Tiberius, now a middle aged man at 55, was confirmed as his sole surviving heir. Emperor ( 14 -- 37 AD ) Early reign Aureus of Tiberius, c. 27 - 30 AD The Senate convened on 18 September, to validate Tiberius 's position as Princeps and, as it had done with Augustus before, extend the powers of the position to him. These proceedings are fully accounted by Tacitus. Tiberius already had the administrative and political powers of the Princeps, all he lacked were the titles -- Augustus, Pater Patriae, and the Civic Crown ( a crown made from laurel and oak, in honor of Augustus having saved the lives of Roman citizens ). Tiberius, however, attempted to play the same role as Augustus : that of the reluctant public servant who wants nothing more than to serve the state. This ended up throwing the entire affair into confusion, and rather than humble, he came across as derisive ; rather than seeming to want to serve the state, he seemed obstructive. He cited his age as a reason why he could not act as Princeps, stated he did not wish the position, and then proceeded to ask for only a section of the state. Tiberius finally relented and accepted the powers voted to him, though according to Tacitus and Suetonius he refused to bear the titles Pater Patriae, Imperator, and Augustus, and declined the most solid emblem of the Princeps, the Civic Crown and laurels. This meeting seems to have set the tone for Tiberius 's entire rule. He seems to have wished for the Senate and the state to simply act without him and his direct orders were rather vague, inspiring debate more on what he actually meant than on passing his legislation. In his first few years, Tiberius seemed to have wanted the Senate to act on its own, rather than as a servant to his will as it had been under Augustus. According to Tacitus, Tiberius derided the Senate as `` men fit to be slaves. '' Rise and fall of Germanicus A bust of the adopted son of Tiberius, Germanicus, from the Louvre, Paris. Problems arose quickly for the new Princeps. The Roman legions posted in Pannonia and in Germania had not been paid the bonuses promised them by Augustus, and after a short period of time mutinied when it was clear that a response from Tiberius was not forthcoming. Germanicus and Tiberius 's son, Drusus Julius Caesar, were dispatched with a small force to quell the uprising and bring the legions back in line. Rather than simply quell the mutiny, however, Germanicus rallied the mutineers and led them on a short campaign across the Rhine into Germanic territory, stating that whatever treasure they could grab would count as their bonus. Germanicus 's forces crossed the Rhine and quickly occupied all of the territory between the Rhine and the Elbe. Additionally, Tacitus records the capture of the Teutoburg forest and the reclaiming of Roman standards lost years before by Publius Quinctilius Varus, when three Roman legions and its auxiliary cohorts had been ambushed by Germanic tribes. Germanicus had managed to deal a significant blow to Rome 's enemies, quell an uprising of troops, and returned lost standards to Rome, actions that increased the fame and legend of the already very popular Germanicus with the Roman people. After being recalled from Germania, Germanicus celebrated a triumph in Rome in AD 17, the first full triumph that the city had seen since Augustus 's own in 29 BC. As a result, in AD 18 Germanicus was granted control over the eastern part of the empire, just as both Agrippa and Tiberius had received before, and was clearly the successor to Tiberius. Germanicus survived a little over a year before dying, accusing Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the governor of Syria, of poisoning him. The Pisones had been longtime supporters of the Claudians, and had allied themselves with the young Octavian after his marriage to Livia, the mother of Tiberius. Germanicus 's death and accusations indicted the new Princeps. Piso was placed on trial and, according to Tacitus, threatened to implicate Tiberius. Whether the governor actually could connect the Princeps to the death of Germanicus is unknown ; rather than continuing to stand trial when it became evident that the Senate was against him, Piso committed suicide. Tiberius seems to have tired of politics at this point. In AD 22, he shared his tribunician authority with his son Drusus, and began making yearly excursions to Campania that reportedly became longer and longer every year. In AD 23, Drusus mysteriously died, and Tiberius seems to have made no effort to elevate a replacement. Finally, in AD 26, Tiberius retired from Rome to an Imperial villa - complex he had inherited from Augustus, on the island of Capri. It was just off the coast of Campania, which was a traditional holiday retreat for Rome 's upper classes, particularly those who valued cultured leisure ( otium ) and a Hellenised lifestyle. Tiberius in Capri, with Sejanus in Rome Left : marble portrait bust of Tiberius in the Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen Right : bronze portrait bust of Tiberius in the Cabinet des Médailles, Paris Lucius Aelius Sejanus had served the imperial family for almost twenty years when he became Praetorian Prefect in AD 15. As Tiberius became more embittered with the position of Princeps, he began to depend more and more upon the limited secretariat left to him by Augustus, and specifically upon Sejanus and the Praetorians. In AD 17 or 18, Tiberius had trimmed the ranks of the Praetorian Guard responsible for the defense of the city, and had moved it from encampments outside of the city walls into the city itself, giving Sejanus access to somewhere between 6000 and 9000 troops. The death of Drusus elevated Sejanus, at least in Tiberius 's eyes, who thereafter refers to him as his ' Socius Laborum ' ( Partner of my labours ). Tiberius had statues of Sejanus erected throughout the city, and Sejanus became more and more visible as Tiberius began to withdraw from Rome altogether. Finally, with Tiberius 's withdrawal in AD 26, Sejanus was left in charge of the entire state mechanism and the city of Rome. Sejanus 's position was not quite that of successor ; he had requested marriage in AD 25 to Tiberius 's niece, Livilla, though under pressure quickly withdrew the request. While Sejanus 's Praetorians controlled the imperial post, and therefore the information that Tiberius received from Rome and the information Rome received from Tiberius, the presence of Livia seems to have checked his overt power for a time. Her death in AD 29 changed all that. Sejanus began a series of purge trials of Senators and wealthy equestrians in the city of Rome, removing those capable of opposing his power as well as extending the imperial ( and his own ) treasury. Germanicus 's widow Agrippina the Elder and two of her sons, Nero Julius Caesar and Drusus Caesar were arrested and exiled in AD 30 and later all died in suspicious circumstances. In Sejanus 's purge of Agrippina the Elder and her family, Caligula, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla were the only survivors. Ruins from the Villa Jovis on the island of Capri, where Tiberius spent much of his final years, leaving control of the empire in the hands of the prefect Lucius Aelius Sejanus. Plot by Sejanus against Tiberius A sardonyx cameo relief of Tiberius, 1st century AD, now in the Hermitage Museum In 31, Sejanus held the consulship with Tiberius in absentia, and began his play for power in earnest. Precisely what happened is difficult to determine, but Sejanus seems to have covertly attempted to court those families who were tied to the Julians, and attempted to ingratiate himself with the Julian family line with an eye towards placing himself, as an adopted Julian, in the position of Princeps, or as a possible regent. Livilla was later implicated in this plot, and was revealed to have been Sejanus 's lover for a number of years. The plot seems to have involved the two of them overthrowing Tiberius, with the support of the Julians, and either assuming the Principate themselves, or serving as regent to the young Tiberius Gemellus or possibly even Caligula. Those who stood in his way were tried for treason and swiftly dealt with. In AD 31 Sejanus was summoned to a meeting of the Senate, where a letter from Tiberius was read condemning Sejanus and ordering his immediate execution. Sejanus was tried, and he and several of his colleagues were executed within the week. As commander of the Praetorian Guard, he was replaced by Naevius Sutorius Macro. Tacitus claims that more treason trials followed and that whereas Tiberius had been hesitant to act at the outset of his reign, now, towards the end of his life, he seemed to do so without compunction. Hardest hit were those families with political ties to the Julians. Even the imperial magistracy was hit, as any and all who had associated with Sejanus or could in some way be tied to his schemes were summarily tried and executed, their properties seized by the state. As Tacitus vividly describes, Executions were now a stimulus to his fury, and he ordered the death of all who were lying in prison under accusation of complicity with Sejanus. There lay, singly or in heaps, the unnumbered dead, of every age and sex, the illustrious with the obscure. Kinsfolk and friends were not allowed to be near them, to weep over them, or even to gaze on them too long. Spies were set round them, who noted the sorrow of each mourner and followed the rotting corpses, till they were dragged to the Tiber, where, floating or driven on the bank, no one dared to burn or to touch them. However, Tacitus ' portrayal of a tyrannical, vengeful emperor has been challenged by some historians : Edward Togo Salmon notes in A history of the Roman world from 30 BC to AD 138 : In the whole twenty two years of Tiberius ' reign, not more than fifty - two persons were accused of treason, of whom almost half escaped conviction, while the four innocent people to be condemned fell victims to the excessive zeal of the Senate, not to the Emperor 's tyranny. While Tiberius was in Capri, rumours abounded as to what exactly he was doing there. Suetonius records the rumours of lurid tales of sexual perversity, including graphic depictions of child molestation, and cruelty, and most of all his paranoia. While heavily sensationalized, Suetonius ' stories at least paint a picture of how Tiberius was perceived by the Roman senatorial class, and what his impact on the Principate was during his 23 years of rule. A denarius of Tiberius Final years The affair of Sejanus and the final years of treason trials permanently damaged Tiberius ' image and reputation. After Sejanus 's fall, Tiberius ' withdrawal from Rome was complete ; the empire continued to run under the inertia of the bureaucracy established by Augustus, rather than through the leadership of the Princeps. Suetonius records that he became paranoid, and spent a great deal of time brooding over the death of his son. Meanwhile, during this period a short invasion by Parthia, incursions by tribes from Dacia and from across the Rhine by several Germanic tribes occurred. Little was done to either secure or indicate how his succession was to take place ; the Julians and their supporters had fallen to the wrath of Sejanus, and his own sons and immediate family were dead. Two of the candidates were either Caligula, the sole surviving son of Germanicus, or Tiberius ' own grandson, Tiberius Gemellus. However, only a half - hearted attempt at the end of Tiberius ' life was made to make Caligula a quaestor, and thus give him some credibility as a possible successor, while Gemellus himself was still only a teenager and thus completely unsuitable for some years to come. Death ( 37 AD ) Tiberius died in Misenum on 16 March AD 37, in his seventy eighth year. Tacitus relates that the emperor appeared to have stopped breathing, and that Caligula, who was at Tiberius ' villa, was being congratulated on his succession to the empire, when news arrived that the emperor had revived and was recovering his faculties. Those who had moments before recognized Caligula as Augustus fled in fear of the emperor 's wrath, while Macro took advantage of the chaos to have Tiberius smothered with his own bedclothes. Suetonius reports several rumours, including that the emperor had been poisoned by Caligula, starved, and smothered with a pillow ; that recovering, and finding himself deserted by his attendants, he attempted to rise from his couch, but fell dead. According to Cassius Dio, Caligula, fearing that the emperor would recover, refused Tiberius ' requests for food, insisting that he needed warmth, not food ; then assisted by Macro, he smothered the emperor in his bedclothes. After his death, the Senate refused to vote Tiberius the divine honors that had been paid to Augustus, and mobs filled the streets yelling `` To the Tiber with Tiberius ! '' ; the bodies of criminals were typically thrown into the river, instead of being buried or burnt. However, the emperor was cremated, and his ashes were quietly laid in the Mausoleum of Augustus, later to be scattered in AD 410 during the Sack of Rome. In his will, Tiberius had left his powers jointly to Caligula and Tiberius Gemellus. Caligula 's first act on becoming Princeps was to void Tiberius ' will and have Gemellus executed. Tiberius ' heir Caligula not only spent Tiberius ' fortune of 2,700,000,000 sesterces but would also begin the chain of events which would bring about the downfall of the Julio - Claudian dynasty in AD 68. Legacy Historiography Bust of Tiberius, housed in the Louvre. Statue of Tiberius from Priverno, made shortly after 37 AD, now in the Museo Chiaramonti of the Vatican Museums Were he to have died prior to AD 23, he might have been hailed as an exemplary ruler. Despite the overwhelmingly negative characterization left by Roman historians, Tiberius left the imperial treasury with nearly 3 billion sesterces upon his death. Rather than embark on costly campaigns of conquest, he chose to strengthen the existing empire by building additional bases, using diplomacy as well as military threats, and generally refraining from getting drawn into petty squabbles between competing frontier tyrants. The result was a stronger, more consolidated empire. Of the authors whose texts have survived, only four describe the reign of Tiberius in considerable detail : Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio and Marcus Velleius Paterculus. Fragmentary evidence also remains from Pliny the Elder, Strabo and Seneca the Elder. Tiberius himself wrote an autobiography which Suetonius describes as `` brief and sketchy '', but this book has been lost. Publius cornelius Tacitus See also : Tacitus The most detailed account of this period is handed down to us by Tacitus, whose Annals dedicate the first six books entirely to the reign of Tiberius. Tacitus was a Roman senator, born during the reign of Nero in 56 AD, and consul suffect in AD 97. His text is largely based on the Acta Senatus ( the minutes of the session of the Senate ) and the Acta Diurna ( a collection of the acts of the government and news of the court and capital ), as well as speeches by Tiberius himself, and the histories of contemporaries such as Marcus Cluvius Rufus, Fabius Rusticus and Pliny the Elder ( all of which are lost ). Tacitus ' narrative emphasizes both political and psychological motivation. His characterisation of Tiberius throughout the first six books is mostly negative, and gradually worsens as his rule declines, identifying a clear breaking point with the death of his son Drusus in 23 AD. Tacitus describes Julio - Claudian rule as generally unjust and `` criminal '' ; he attributes the apparent virtues of Tiberius during his early reign to hypocrisy. Another major recurring theme concerns the balance of power between the Senate and the Emperors, corruption, and the growing tyranny among the governing classes of Rome. A substantial amount of his account on Tiberius is therefore devoted to the treason trials and persecutions following the revival of the maiestas law under Augustus. Ultimately, Tacitus ' opinion on Tiberius is best illustrated by his conclusion of the sixth book : His character too had its distinct periods. It was a bright time in his life and reputation, while under Augustus he was a private citizen or held high offices ; a time of reserve and crafty assumption of virtue, as long as Germanicus and Drusus were alive. Again, while his mother lived, he was a compound of good and evil ; he was infamous for his cruelty, though he veiled his debaucheries, while he loved or feared Sejanus. Finally, he plunged into every wickedness and disgrace, when fear and shame being cast off, he simply indulged his own inclinations. Suetonius tranquillus An example of Indo - Roman trade and relations during the period : silver denarius of Tiberius ( 14 -- 37 ) found in India and Indian copy of the same, 1st - century coin of Kushan king Kujula Kadphises copying a coin of Augustus. Suetonius was an equestrian who held administrative posts during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. The Twelve Caesars details a biographical history of the principate from the birth of Julius Caesar to the death of Domitian in AD 96. Like Tacitus, he drew upon the imperial archives, as well as histories by Aufidius Bassus, Marcus Cluvius Rufus, Fabius Rusticus and Augustus ' own letters. His account is more sensationalist and anecdotal than that of his contemporary. The most famous sections of his biography delve into the numerous alleged debaucheries Tiberius remitted himself to while at Capri. Nevertheless, Suetonius also reserves praise for Tiberius ' actions during his early reign, emphasizing his modesty. Velleius Paterculus One of the few surviving sources contemporary with the rule of Tiberius comes from Velleius Paterculus, who served under Tiberius for eight years ( from AD 4 ) in Germany and Pannonia as praefect of cavalry and legatus. Paterculus ' Compendium of Roman History spans a period from the fall of Troy to the death of Livia in AD 29. His text on Tiberius lavishes praise on both the emperor and Sejanus. How much of this is due to genuine admiration or prudence remains an open question, but it has been conjectured that he was put to death in AD 31 as a friend of Sejanus. Gospels, Jews, and Christians The tribute penny mentioned in the Bible is commonly believed to be a Roman denarius depicting the Emperor Tiberius. The Gospels mention that during Tiberius ' reign, Jesus of Nazareth preached and was executed under the authority of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judaea province. In the Bible, Tiberius is mentioned by name in Luke 3 : 1, which states that John the Baptist entered on his public ministry in the fifteenth year of his reign. The city of Tiberias ( named after Tiberius ) referenced in John 6 : 23, is located on the Sea of Galilee, which was also known as the Sea of Tiberias and is referenced in John 6 : 1,. Many other references to Caesar ( or the emperor in some other translations ), without further specification, would seem to refer to Tiberius. Similarly, the `` Tribute Penny '' referred to in Matthew and Mark is popularly thought to be a silver denarius coin of Tiberius. During Tiberius ' reign Jews had become more prominent in Rome and Jewish and Gentile followers of Jesus began proselytizing Roman citizens, increasing long - simmering resentments. Tiberius in 19 AD ordered Jews who were of military age to join the Roman Army. Tiberius banished the rest of the Jews from Rome and threatened to enslave them for life if they did not leave the city. There is considerable debate among historians as to when Christianity was differentiated from Judaism. Most scholars believe that Roman distinction between Jews and Christians took place around 70 AD. Tiberius most likely viewed Christians as a Jewish sect rather than a separate, distinct faith. Archaeology The palace of Tiberius at Rome was located on the Palatine Hill, the ruins of which can still be seen today. No major public works were undertaken in the city during his reign, except a temple dedicated to Augustus and the restoration of the theater of Pompey, both of which were not finished until the reign of Caligula. In addition, remnants of Tiberius ' villa at Sperlonga, which includes a grotto where the important Sperlonga sculptures were found in fragments, and the Villa Jovis on top of Capri have been preserved. The estate at Capri is said by Tacitus to have included a total of twelve villas across the island, of which Villa Jovis was the largest. Tiberius refused to be worshipped as a living god, and allowed only one temple to be built in his honor, at Smyrna. The town Tiberias, in modern Israel on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, was named in Tiberius 's honour by Herod Antipas. In fiction The theft of the Gold Tiberius, an unintentionally unique commemorative coin commissioned by Tiberius which is stated to have achieved legendary status in the centuries hence, from a mysterious triad of occultists drives the plot of the framing story in Arthur Machen 's 1895 novel The Three Impostors. Tiberius has been represented in fiction, in literature, film and television, and in video games, often as a peripheral character in the central storyline. One such modern representation is in the novel I, Claudius by Robert Graves, and the consequent BBC television series adaptation, where he is portrayed by George Baker. George R.R. Martin, the author of The Song of Ice and Fire series, has stated that central character Stannis Baratheon is partially inspired by Tiberius Caesar, and particularly the portrayal by Baker. In the 1968 ITV historical drama The Caesars, Tiberius ( by André Morell ) is the central character for much of the series and is portrayed in a much more balanced way than in I, Claudius. He also appears as a minor character in the 2006 film The Inquiry, in which he is played by Max von Sydow. In addition, Tiberius has prominent roles in Ben - Hur ( played by George Relph in his last starring role ), and in A.D. ( played by James Mason ). Played by Ernest Thesiger, he featured in The Robe ( 1953 ). He was featured in the 1979 film Caligula, portrayed by Peter O'Toole. He was an important character in Taylor Caldwell 's 1958 novel, Dear and Glorious Physician, a biography of St Luke the Evangelist, author of the third canonical Gospel. Children and family Tiberius was married twice, with only his first union producing a child who would survive to adulthood : Vipsania Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa ( 16 -- 11 BC ) Drusus Julius Caesar ( 14 BC -- 23 AD ) Julia the Elder, only daughter of Augustus ( 11 -- 6 BC ) Ancestry See also : Julio - Claudian family tree show Ancestors of Tiberius 4. Drusus Claudius Nero I 2. Tiberius Claudius Nero 5. Claudia 1. Tiberius 6. Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus 3. Livia Drusilla 7. Aufidia See also Clutorius Priscus Notes Jump up ^ Classical Latin spelling and reconstructed Classical Latin pronunciation of the names of Tiberius : TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO IPA : ( tɪˈbɛ. ri. ʊs ˈklau̯. di. ʊs ˈnɛ. roː ) TIBERIVS IVLIVS CAESAR IPA : ( tɪˈbɛ. ri. ʊs ˈjuː. li. ʊs ˈkae̯. sar ) TIBERIVS CAESAR DIVI AVGVSTI F ( ILIVS ) AVGVSTVS IPA : ( tɪˈbɛ. ri. ʊs ˈkae̯. sar ˈdiː. wiː ˈfiː. li. ʊs au̯ˈgʊs. tʊs ) Jump up ^ Tiberius ' regal name has an equivalent English meaning of `` Tiberius Caesar, Son of the Divine Augustus, the Emperor ''. Jump up ^ Pliny the Elder, Natural Histories XXVIII. 5.23 ; Capes, p. 71 Jump up ^ `` Tiberius ''. 2006. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 17. Jump up ^ `` Tiberius Roman emperor ''. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 08. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 5 Jump up ^ Levick pp. 15 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 6 Jump up ^ Southern, pp. 119 -- 120. ^ Jump up to : Velleius Paterculus, Roman History II. 94 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 9 Jump up ^ Seager, p. xiv. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 8 Jump up ^ Levick, p. 24. ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 7 Jump up ^ Strabo, 7. I. 5, p. 292 Jump up ^ Levick, pp. 42. Jump up ^ `` Tiberius ''. 2006. Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 17. Jump up ^ Seager 2005, pp. 20. ^ Jump up to : Cassius Dio, Roman History LV. 9 Jump up ^ Seager 2005, pp. 23. Jump up ^ Seager 2005, pp. 23 -- 24. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 10 Jump up ^ Levick, pp. 29. Jump up ^ Velleius Paterculus, Roman History II. 100 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 53 ^ Jump up to : Seager 2005, pp. 26. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 11 Jump up ^ Seager 2005, pp. 28. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 13 ^ Jump up to : Tacitus, Annals I. 3 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 15 Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History LV. 13 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 21. For the debate over whether Agrippa 's imperium after 13 BC was maius or aequum, see, e.g., E. Badian ( December 1980 -- January 1981 ). `` Notes on the Laudatio of Agrippa ''. Classical Journal. 76 ( 2 ) : 97 -- 109, pp. 105 -- 106. Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History LV. 32 Jump up ^ Seager p. xv ^ Jump up to : Speidel, Michael Riding for Caesar : The Roman Emperorors ' Horse guards19 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 20 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 21 Jump up ^ Velleieus Paterculus, Roman History II. 123 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 8 Jump up ^ Levick, pp. 68 -- 81. Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 9 -- 11 Jump up ^ Seager 2005, pp. 44 -- 45. Jump up ^ `` Tiberius Roman emperor ''. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 08. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 24 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 12, I. 13 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 26 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 32, III. 52 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 35, III. 53, III. 54 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 65 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 16, I. 17, I. 31 ^ Jump up to : Cassius Dio, Roman History LVII. 6 ^ Jump up to : Tacitus, Annals II. 41 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals II. 46 Jump up ^ Shotter, 35 -- 37. Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals II. 26 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals II. 43 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals II. 71 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 16 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 52 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 15 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals III. 56 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals, IV. 7, IV. 8 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 62 Jump up ^ `` We must imagine Tiberius not as brooding in isolation ( though it is true enough he was a difficult man, not to say a grouchy one ), but as entertaining visitors, discussing affairs, and taking up at least the more important of the obligations imposed upon him by state and family '' : see p. 185ff in Houston, George W., `` Tiberius on Capri '', Greece and Rome, Volume 32, No. 2 ( Oct., 1985 ), pp. 179 - 196, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association, available at JSTOR ( subscription required ) ( 1 ) ^ Jump up to : Tacitus, Annals IV. 67 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 37 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 2 Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History LVII. 21 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 39 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 40, IV. 41 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 41 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals V. 3 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 53, 54 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 65 Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History LVII. 22 ^ Jump up to : Boddington, Ann ( January 1963 ). `` Sejanus. Whose Conspiracy ? ''. The American Journal of Philology. 84 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 16. doi : 10.2307 / 293155. JSTOR 293155. ^ Jump up to : Cassius Dio, Roman History LVIII. 10 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals VI. 19 Jump up ^ A history of the Roman world from 30 BC to AD 138, Page 183, Edward Togo Salmon ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 43, 44, 45 ^ Jump up to : Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 60, 62, 63, 64 Jump up ^ Wallace - Hadrill, Andrew ( 1984 ) Suetonius : The Scholar and His Caesars, Yale University Press, ISBN 0 - 300 - 03000 - 2 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 41 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals VI. 46 Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History LVII. 23 ^ Jump up to : Tacitus, Annals VI. 50, VI. 51 Jump up ^ Karen Cokayne, Experiencing Old Age In Ancient Rome, p. 100 Jump up ^ Flavius Josephus, Steve Mason, Translation and Commentary. Vol. 1B. Judean War 2, p. 153 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annales, vi. 50. Jump up ^ Suetonius, `` The Life of Tiberius '', 73. Jump up ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History, lviii. 28. Jump up ^ Death of Tiberius : Tacitus Annals 6.50 ; Dio 58.28. 1 -- 4 ; Suetonius Tiberius 73, Gaius 12.2 -- 3 ; Josephus AJ 18.225. Posthumous insults : Suetonius Tiberius 75. Jump up ^ Platner, Samuel Ball ; Ashby, Thomas ( 1929 ). `` Mausoleum Augusti ''. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London : Oxford University Press. pp. 332 -- 336. Retrieved 30 June 2011. Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 76 ^ Jump up to : Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX. 1 Jump up ^ Caligula would kill Tiberius Gemellus and Antonia Minor before being killed by his own personal guard. Tiberius ' nephew Claudius succeeded Caligula and executed Caligula 's sister Julia Livilla and in turn would be murdered by Livilla 's sister Agrippina the Younger after they married and her son was of an age to become emperor. Agrippina would be executed by her son Nero, who would later commit suicide in 68 AD with no heirs to succeed him. Only Caligula 's sister Julia Drusilla died of natural causes. ^ Jump up to : Tacitus, Annals IV. 6 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 37 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 61 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals, I. 6 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals I. 72, I. 74, II. 27 -- 32, III. 49 -- 51, III. 66 -- 69 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 26 -- 32 Jump up ^ Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, II. 103 -- 105, II. 129 -- 130 Jump up ^ Velleius Paterculus, Roman History II. 127 -- 128 Jump up ^ Syme, Ronald ( 1956 ). `` Seianus on the Aventine ''. Hermes. Franz Steiner Verlag. 84 ( 3 ) : 257 -- 266. JSTOR 4474933. Jump up ^ Luke 3 : 1 Jump up ^ John 6 : 23 Jump up ^ John 6 : 1 Jump up ^ Matthew 22 : 19 Jump up ^ Mark 12 : 15 Jump up ^ Sir William Smith ( 1896 ). The Old Testament History : From The Creation To The Return Of The Jews From Captivity ( page 704 ). Kessinger Publishing, LLC ( 22 May 2010 ). ISBN 1 - 162 - 09864 - 3. Jump up ^ The Numismatist, Volume 29 ( page 536 ). American Numismatic Association ( 3 April 2010 ). 2010. ISBN 978 - 1 - 148 - 52633 - 1. Jump up ^ Hobson, Burton ( 1972 ). Coins and coin collecting ( page 28 ). Dover Publications ( April 1972 ). ISBN 0 - 486 - 22763 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Jossa, Giorgio ( 2006 ). Jews or Christians. pp. 123 -- 126. ISBN 3 - 16 - 149192 - 0. Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 45, III. 72 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 47 Jump up ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 21 Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals IV. 37 -- 38, IV. 55 -- 56 Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XVIII. 2.3 Jump up ^ `` I, Claudius : From the Autobiography of Tiberius Claudius -- Robert Graves ''. Booktalk.org. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 20. Jump up ^ `` BBC Four Drama -- I, Claudius ''. BBC. Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 20. Jump up ^ `` Not a Blog : It 's the Pits ''. 2013 - 01 - 21. Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 27. Jump up ^ `` Emperor Tiberius Caesar ( Character ) ''. Imdb.com. Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 20. Jump up ^ born Appius Claudius Pulcher Bibliography Primary sources Cassius Dio, Roman History Books 57 -- 58, English translation Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 18, especially ch. 6, English translation Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius, Latin text with English translation Tacitus, Annals, I -- VI, English translation Velleius Paterculus, Roman History Book II, Latin text with English translation Secondary material Ehrenberg, V. ; Jones, A.H.M. ( 1955 ). Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. Oxford. Capes, William Wolfe, Roman History, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1897 Levick, Barbara ( 1999 ). Tiberius the Politician. Routledge. ISBN 0 - 415 - 21753 - 9. Mason, Ernst ( 1960 ). Tiberius. New York : Ballantine Books. ( Ernst Mason was a pseudonym of science fiction author Frederik Pohl ) Seager, Robin ( 1972 ). Tiberius. London : Eyre Methuen. ISBN 978 - 0 - 413 - 27600 - 1. Seager, Robin ( 2005 ). Tiberius. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1 - 4051 - 1529 - 7. Shotter, David ( 1992 ). Tiberius Caesar. London : Routledge. ISBN 0 - 415 - 07654 - 4. Salmon, Edward ( 1968 ). History of the Roman World, 30 B.C. - A.D. 138, Part II : Tiberius. Methuen. ISBN 978 - 0 - 416 - 10710 - 4. Southern, Pat ( 1998 ). Augustus. London : Routledge. ISBN 0 - 415 - 16631 - 4. Syme, Ronald ( 1986 ). The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford : Clarendon Press. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 814859 - 3. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Tiberius Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tiberius. `` Tiberius ( 42 BC -- 37 AD ) '' at the BBC Tiberius Julio - Claudian dynasty Born : 16 November 42 BC Died : 16 March 37 AD Roman Emperors Preceded by Marcus Claudius Marcellus Caesar of the Roman Empire 6 BC -- 1 AD Succeeded by Gaius Caesar Preceded by Gaius Caesar Caesar of the Roman Empire 4 AD -- 14 AD Succeeded by Germanicus Preceded by Augustus Roman Emperor 14 AD -- 37 AD Succeeded by Caligula Political offices Preceded by Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Augur Consul of the Roman Empire 13 BC With : Publius Quinctilius Varus Succeeded by Marcus Valerius Messalla Appianus Quirinius Preceded by Gaius Marcius Censorinus Gaius Asinius Gallus Consul of the Roman Empire 7 BC With : Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso Succeeded by Decius Laelius Balbus Gaius Antistius Vetus Preceded by Lucius Pomponius Flaccus Gaius Caelius Rufus Consul of the Roman Empire 18 AD With : Germanicus Succeeded by Lucius Seius Tubero Livineius Regulus Preceded by Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus Consul of the Roman Empire 21 AD With : Drusus Julius Caesar Succeeded by Decimus Haterius Agrippa Gaius Sulpicius Galba Preceded by Marcus Vinicius Lucius Cassius Longinus Consul of the Roman Empire 31 AD With : Sejanus Succeeded by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus show Family information Preceded by Augustus Head of the Julio - Claudian Dynasty 14 AD -- 37 AD Succeeded by Caligula Roman and Byzantine emperors Principate 27 BC -- 235 AD Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus ( Pescennius Niger ) ( Clodius Albinus ) Septimius Severus Caracalla with Geta Macrinus with Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander Crisis 235 -- 284 Maximinus Thrax Gordian I and Gordian II Pupienus and Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab with Philip II Decius with Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus with Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus with Saloninus and Valerian II Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus and Numerian Gallic Emperors : Postumus ( Laelianus ) Marius Victorinus ( Domitianus II ) Tetricus I with Tetricus II as Caesar Dominate 284 -- 395 Diocletian ( whole empire ) Diocletian ( East ) and Maximian ( West ) Diocletian ( East ) and Maximian ( West ) with Galerius ( East ) and Constantius Chlorus ( West ) as Caesares Galerius ( East ) and Constantius Chlorus ( West ) with Severus ( West ) and Maximinus II ( East ) as Caesares Galerius ( East ) and Severus ( West ) with Constantine the Great ( West ) and Maximinus II ( East ) as Caesares Galerius ( East ) and Maxentius ( West ) with Constantine the Great ( West ) and Maximinus II ( East ) as Caesares Galerius ( East ) and Licinius I ( West ) with Constantine the Great ( West ) and Maximinus II ( East ) as Caesares Maxentius ( alone ) Licinius I ( West ) and Maximinus II ( East ) with Constantine the Great ( Self - proclaimed Augustus ) and Valerius Valens Licinius I ( East ) and Constantine the Great ( West ) with Licinius II, Constantine II, and Crispus as Caesares ( Martinian ) Constantine the Great ( whole empire ) with son Crispus as Caesar Constantine II Constans I Magnentius with Decentius as Caesar Constantius II with Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian the Great Valens Gratian Valentinian II Magnus Maximus with Victor Theodosius the Great ( Eugenius ) Western Empire 395 -- 480 Honorius Constantine III with son Constans II Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus with Palladius Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus Eastern / Byzantine Empire 395 -- 1204 Arcadius Theodosius II Pulcheria Marcian Leo I the Thracian Leo II Zeno ( first reign ) Basiliscus with son Marcus as co-emperor Zeno ( second reign ) Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian the Great Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II ( first reign ) Leontios Tiberios III Justinian II ( second reign ) with son Tiberius as co-emperor Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe with son Theophylact as co-emperor Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios - Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoë ( first reign ) and Romanos III Argyros Zoë ( first reign ) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoë ( second reign ) with Theodora Zoë ( second reign ) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos ( sole emperor ) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos ( chosen by the Senate ) Alexios V Doukas Empire of Nicaea 1204 -- 1261 Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris Eastern / Byzantine Empire 1261 -- 1453 Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Italics indicates a co-emperor, while underlining indicates an usurper. New Testament people Jesus Christ In Christianity Historical Life of Jesus in the New Testament Gospels Individuals Alphaeus Anna the Prophetess Annas Barabbas Bartimaeus Blind man ( Bethsaida ) Caiaphas Man born blind ( `` Celidonius '' ) Cleopas Clopas Devil Penitent thief ( `` Dismas '' ) Elizabeth Gabriel Impenitent thief ( `` Gestas '' ) Jairus ' daughter Joanna John the Baptist Joseph Joseph of Arimathea Joses Jude Lazarus Legion Luke Lysanias Malchus Martha Mary, mother of Jesus Mary Magdalene Mary, mother of James Mary of Bethany Mary of Clopas Naked fugitive Son of Nain 's widow Nathanael Nicodemus ( Nicodemus ben Gurion ) Salome Samaritan woman Satan Simeon Simon, brother of Jesus Simon of Cyrene Simon the Leper Simon the Pharisee Susanna Syrophoenician woman Theophilus Zacchaeus Zebedee Zechariah Groups Angels Jesus 's brothers Demons Disciples Evangelists Female disciples of Jesus God - fearers Herodians Magi Myrrhbearers Nameless Pharisees Proselytes Sadducees Samaritans Sanhedrin Scribes Seventy disciples Shepherds Zealots Apostles Andrew Bartholomew James of Alphaeus ( James the Less ) James of Zebedee Evangelist Patmos `` Disciple whom Jesus loved '' Judas Iscariot Jude Thaddeus Matthew Philip Simon Peter Simon the Zealot Thomas Acts Aeneas Agabus Ananias ( Damascus ) Ananias ( Judaea ) Ananias son of Nedebeus Apollos Aquila Aristarchus Barnabas Blastus Cornelius Demetrius Dionysius Dorcas Elymas Egyptian Ethiopian eunuch Eutychus Gamaliel James, brother of Jesus Jason Joseph Barsabbas Judas Barsabbas Judas of Galilee Lucius Luke Lydia Manaen ( John ) Mark Evangelist cousin of Barnabas Mary, mother of ( John ) Mark Matthias Mnason Nicanor Nicholas Parmenas Paul Philip Priscilla Prochorus Publius Rhoda Sapphira Sceva Seven Deacons Silas / Silvanus Simeon Niger Simon Magus Sopater Sosthenes Stephen Theudas Timothy Titus Trophimus Tychicus Zenas Romans Herod 's family Gospels Antipas Archelaus Herod the Great Herodias Longinus Philip Pilate Pilate 's wife Quirinius Salome Tiberius Acts Agrippa Agrippa II Berenice Cornelius Drusilla Felix Festus Gallio Lysias Paullus Epistles Achaicus Alexander Andronicus Archippus Aretas IV Carpus Claudia Crescens Demas Diotrephes Epaphras Epaphroditus Erastus Eunice Euodia and Syntyche Herodion Hymenaeus Jesus Justus John the Presbyter Junia Lois Mary Michael Nymphas Olympas Onesimus Onesiphorus Pudens Philemon Philetus Phoebe Quartus Sosipater Tertius Revelation Antipas Four Horsemen Apollyon Two witnesses Woman Beast Three Angels Whore of Babylon Ancient Olympic Games General Archaeological Museum of Olympia Ancient Greek Olympic festivals Hellanodikai Stadium at Olympia Sports Foot races Diaulos Dolichos Hoplitodromos Stadion Horse races Apene Chariot of polos Decapolon Kalpe Keles Perfect chariot Polos Synoris Synoris of polos Tethrippon Tethrippon of polos Combat Boxing Pankration Wrestling Special Herald and Trumpet contest Pentathlon Winners Acanthus of Sparta Agasias of Arcadia Agesarchus of Tritaea Alcibiades of Athens Alexander I of Macedon Anaxilas of Messenia Aratus of Sicyon Archelaus I of Macedon Arrhichion of Phigalia Arsinoe II Astylos of Croton Berenice I of Egypt Bilistiche Chaeron of Pellene Chilon of Patras Chionis of Sparta Cimon Coalemos Coroebus of Elis Cylon of Athens Cynisca of Sparta Damarchus Demaratus of Sparta Desmon of Corinth Diagoras of Rhodes Diocles of Corinth Ergoteles of Himera Euryleonis Herodorus of Megara Hiero I of Syracuse Hypenus of Elis Hysmon of Elis Iccus of Taranto Leonidas of Rhodes Leophron Milo of Croton Nero Caesar Augustus Oebotas of Dyme Onomastus of Smyrna Orsippus of Megara Peisistratos of Athens Phanas of Pellene Philinus of Cos Philip II of Macedon Philippus of Croton Phrynon of Athens Polydamas of Skotoussa Pythagoras of Laconia Pythagoras of Samos Sostratus of Pellene Theagenes of Thasos Theron of Acragas Tiberius Caesar Augustus Timasitheus of Delphi Troilus of Elis Varazdat of Armenia Xenophon of Aegium Xenophon of Corinth Lists of winners Ancient Olympic victors Stadion race Archaic period Classical period Hellenistic period Roman period Portal WorldCat Identities BIBSYS : 90892174 BNF : cb120494832 ( data ) GND : 118622501 HDS : 10315 ISNI : 0000 0001 0923 3028 LCCN : n50049381 NKC : jn20000701812 SELIBR : 234197 SNAC : w6mb05kj SUDOC : 028715195 ULAN : 500115693 VIAF : 89600176 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiberius&oldid=865343433 '' Categories : Julio - 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Question: who was the roman emperor when christ was born
Answer: Tiberius