Arm - wikipedia Arm This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Klbrain ( talk contribs ) at 16 : 23, 24 August 2017 ( Removing stale merge from 2015 ; no consensus over 2.5 years ; see Talk : Arm # Proposed merge with Upper limb ). The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision. Revision as of 16 : 23, 24 August 2017 by Klbrain ( talk contribs ) ( Removing stale merge from 2015 ; no consensus over 2.5 years ; see Talk : Arm # Proposed merge with Upper limb ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) This article is about the upper part of the human limb. For other uses, see Arm ( disambiguation ). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2011 ) Arm The left arm of a human Details Artery Axillary artery Vein Axillary vein Nerve Brachial plexus Identifiers Latin Brachium MeSH D001132 TA A01. 1.00. 022 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) In human anatomy, the arm is the part of the upper limb between the glenohumeral joint ( shoulder joint ) and the elbow joint. In common usage the arm extends to the hand. It can be divided into the upper arm, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow, the forearm which extends from the elbow to the hand, and the hand. Anatomically the shoulder girdle with bones and corresponding muscles is by definition a part of the arm. The Latin term brachium may refer to either the arm as a whole or to the upper arm on its own. Contents 1 Anatomy 1.1 Bones 1.2 Muscles 1.3 Nerve supply 1.4 Blood supply 1.5 Veins 2 Society and culture 3 Clinical significance 4 Other animals 5 Additional images 6 See also 7 References Anatomy Bones Bones of the upper limbs, together with shoulder girdles together comprising the human arm. The humerus is one of the three long bones of the arm. It joins with the scapula at the shoulder joint and with the other long bones of the arm, the ulna and radius at the elbow joint. The elbow is the hinge joint between the end of the humerus and the ends of the radius and ulna. The humerus can not be broken easily. Its strength allows it to handle loading up to 300 pounds ( 140 kg ). Muscles The arm is divided by a fascial layer ( known as lateral and medial intermuscular septa ) separating the muscles into two osteofascial compartments : the anterior and the posterior compartments of the arm. The fascia merges with the periosteum ( outer bone layer ) of the humerus. The compartments contain muscles which are innervated by the same nerve and perform the same action. Two other muscles are considered to be partially in the arm : The large deltoid muscle is considered to have part of its body in the anterior compartment. This muscle is the main abductor muscle of the upper limb and extends over the shoulder. The brachioradialis muscle originates in the arm but inserts into the forearm. This muscle is responsible for rotating the hand so its palm faces forward ( supination ). Nerve supply Cutaneous innervation of the right upper extremity. The musculocutaneous nerve, from C5, C6, C7, is the main supplier of muscles of the anterior compartment. It originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus of nerves. It pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and gives off branches to the muscle, as well as to brachialis and biceps brachii. It terminates as the anterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm. The radial nerve, which is from the fifth cervical spinal nerve to the first thoracic spinal nerve, originates as the continuation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. This nerve enters the lower triangular space ( an imaginary space bounded by, amongst others, the shaft of the humerus and the triceps brachii ) of the arm and lies deep to the triceps brachii. Here it travels with the deep artery of the arm, which sits in the radial groove of the humerus. This fact is very important clinically as a fracture of the shaft of the bone here can cause lesions or even transections in the nerve. Other nerves passing through give no supply to the arm. These include : The median nerve, nerve origin C5 - T1, which is a branch of the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus. This nerve continues in the arm, travelling in a plane between the biceps and triceps muscles. At the cubital fossa, this nerve is deep to the pronator teres muscle and is the most medial structure in the fossa. The nerve passes into the forearm. The ulnar nerve, origin C8 - T1, is a continuation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus. This nerve passes in the same plane as the median nerve, between the biceps and triceps muscles. At the elbow, this nerve travels posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. This means that condylar fractures can cause lesion to this nerve. Blood supply Main arteries of the arm. The main artery in the arm is the brachial artery. This artery is a continuation of the axillary artery. The point at which the axillary becomes the brachial is distal to the lower border of teres major. The brachial artery gives off an unimportant branch, the deep artery of arm. This branching occurs just below the lower border of teres major. The brachial artery continues to the cubital fossa in the anterior compartment of the arm. It travels in a plane between the biceps and triceps muscles, the same as the median nerve and basilic vein. It is accompanied by venae comitantes ( accompanying veins ). It gives branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment. The artery is in between the median nerve and the tendon of the biceps muscle in the cubital fossa. It then continues into the forearm. The deep artery of the arm travels through the lower triangular space with the radial nerve. From here onwards it has an intimate relationship with the radial nerve. They are both found deep to the triceps muscle and are located on the spiral groove of the humerus. Therefore, fracture of the bone may not only lead to lesion of the radial nerve, but also haematoma of the internal structures of the arm. The artery then continues on to anastamose with the recurrent radial branch of the brachial artery, providing a diffuse blood supply for the elbow joint. Veins The veins of the arm carry blood from the extremities of the limb, as well as drain the arm itself. The two main veins are the basilic and the cephalic veins. There is a connecting vein between the two, the median cubital vein, which passes through the cubital fossa and is clinically important for venepuncture ( withdrawing blood ). The basilic vein travels on the medial side of the arm and terminates at the level of the seventh rib. The cephalic vein travels on the lateral side of the arm and terminates as the axillary vein. It passes through the deltopectoral triangle, a space between the deltoid and the pectoralis major muscles. Society and culture This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( January 2015 ) The arm, as can be seen here, formed one component of hieroglyphs Clinical significance The cubital fossa is clinically important for venepuncture and for blood pressure measurement. When the arm is fractured this may refer to a fracture of the humerus bone. Veins on the arm may be taken when a coronary artery bypass graft is needed. Other animals In other animals, the term arm can also be used for analogous structures, ( such as one of the paired forelimbs of a four - legged animal or the arms of cephalopods ). In anatomical usage, the term arm may sometimes refer specifically to the segment between the shoulder and the elbow, while the segment between the elbow and wrist is the forearm. However, in common, literary, and historical usage, arm refers to the entire upper limb from shoulder to wrist. This article uses the former definition ; see upper limb for the wider definition. In primates the arm is adapted for precise positioning of the hand and thus assist in the hand 's manipulative tasks. The ball and socket shoulder joint allows for movement of the arms in a wide circular plane, while the structure of the two forearm bones which can rotate around each other allows for additional range of motion at that level. Additional images Upper limb. See also This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arm. Look up arm in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Common flexor tendon References ^ Jump up to : `` brachium -- free dictionary ''. Retrieved December 2, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Dictionary.com ''. Retrieved December 2, 2013. Jump up ^ Encyclopaedia britannica 2013. Jump up ^ `` arm '' at Dorland 's Medical Dictionary Jump up ^ Arm at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH ) Human regional anatomy Head Ear Face Cheek Chin Eye Mouth Nose Forehead Jaw Occiput Scalp Temple Neck Adam 's apple Throat Trunk Abdomen Waist Midriff Navel Back Thorax Breast Pelvis Sex organs Limbs Arm Shoulder Axilla Brachium Elbow Forearm Wrist Hand Finger Thumb Index Middle Ring Little Leg Buttocks Hip Thigh Knee Calf Foot Ankle Heel Sole Toe Other Écorché General anatomy : systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs Anatomy of the arm Bones of the arm Shoulder girdle, clavicle conoid tubercle trapezoid line costal tuberosity subclavian groove Scapula fossae ( subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous ) notches ( suprascapular, great scapular ) glenoid cavity tubercles ( infraglenoid, supraglenoid ) spine of scapula acromion coracoid process angles ( superior, inferior, lateral ) Humerus upper extremity : necks ( anatomical, surgical ) tubercles ( greater, lesser ) bicipital groove body : radial sulcus deltoid tuberosity lower extremity : capitulum trochlea epicondyles ( lateral, medial ) supracondylar ridges ( lateral, medial ) fossae ( radial, coronoid, olecranon ) Forearm Radius near elbow ( head, tuberosity ) near wrist ( ulnar notch, styloid process, Lister 's tubercle ) Ulna near elbow ( tuberosity, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, trochlear notch ) near wrist ( styloid process ) Hand Carpal bones scaphoid lunate triquetral pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate hamulus Metacarpal bones 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Phalanges proximal intermediate distal Joints and ligaments of the arm Shoulder Sternoclavicular Anterior sternoclavicular Posterior sternoclavicular Interclavicular Costoclavicular Acromioclavicular Syndesmoses : Coracoacromial Superior transverse scapular Inferior transverse of scapula Synovial : Acromioclavicular Coracoclavicular ( trapezoid conoid ) Glenohumeral Capsule Coracohumeral Glenohumeral ( superior, middle, and inferior ) Transverse humeral Glenoid labrum Elbow Humeroradial Radial collateral Humeroulnar Ulnar collateral Proximal radioulnar Anular Oblique cord Quadrate Forearm Distal radioulnar Palmar radioulnar Dorsal radioulnar Interosseous membrane of forearm Hand Wrist / radiocarpal Dorsal radiocarpal / Palmar radiocarpal Dorsal ulnocarpal / Palmar ulnocarpal Ulnar collateral / Radial collateral Intercarpal Midcarpal Radiate carpal Dorsal intercarpal Palmar intercarpal Interosseous intercarpal Scapholunate Pisiform joint ( Pisohamate Pisometacarpal ) Carpometacarpal Dorsal carpometacarpal Palmar carpometacarpal thumb : Radial collateral Ulnar collateral Intermetacarpal Deep transverse metacarpal Superficial transverse metacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Collateral Palmar Interphalangeal Collateral Palmar Other Carpal tunnel Ulnar canal Muscles of the arm Shoulder deltoid rotator cuff supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis teres major fascia : deltoid fascia supraspinous fascia infraspinous fascia Arm ( compartments ) anterior coracobrachialis biceps brachialis posterior triceps brachii anconeus articularis cubiti fascia axillary sheath axillary fascia brachial fascia intermuscular septa lateral medial other spaces quadrangular space triangular space triangular interval Forearm anterior superficial : pronator teres palmaris longus flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis deep : pronator quadratus flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus posterior superficial : mobile wad brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris deep : supinator anatomical snuff box abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis fascia bicipital aponeurosis common tendons extensor flexor antebrachial fascia other cubital tunnel Hand lateral volar thenar opponens pollicis flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis adductor pollicis medial volar hypothenar opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis abductor digiti minimi palmaris brevis intermediate lumbrical interossei dorsal palmar fascia posterior : extensor retinaculum extensor expansion anterior : flexor retinaculum palmar aponeurosis Arteries of the human arm Axillary Shoulder ( before teres minor ) 1st part Superior thoracic artery 2nd part Thoracoacromial artery pectoral branch acromial branch clavicular branch deltoid branch Lateral thoracic artery 3rd part Subscapular artery scapular anastomosis circumflex scapular artery thoracodorsal artery anterior humeral circumflex artery posterior humeral circumflex artery Brachial Forearm ( before cubital fossa ) profunda brachii radial collateral medial collateral ulnar collateral superior inferior Radial artery forearm radial recurrent wrist / carpus Dorsal carpal branch dorsal carpal arch Palmar carpal branch deep palmar arch hand Superficial palmar branch princeps pollicis radialis indicis artery superficial palmar arch Median artery median artery Ulnar artery forearm ulnar recurrent anterior posterior common interosseous anterior posterior interosseous recurrent wrist / carpus Dorsal carpal branch dorsal carpal arch Palmar carpal branch superficial palmar arch Arterial Arches Dorsal carpal arch dorsal metacarpal dorsal digital Palmar carpal arch superficial palmar arch common palmar digital proper palmar digital deep palmar arch palmar metacarpal Veins of the human arm General Subscapular Axillary Circumflex scapular Superficial arm : Cephalic Accessory cephalic Median cubital Basilic Median antebrachial hand / forearm : Dorsal network Intercapitular Dorsal metacarpal Superficial palmar arch Palmar digital Deep arm : Radial Ulnar Brachial hand / forearm : Deep palmar arch Palmar metacarpal Anatomy of the lymphatic system Head and neck Head Back Occipital Mastoid / retroauricular Parotid Superficial Deep preauricular infra - auricular intraglandular Front Facial buccinator nasolabial Mandibular Submandibular Submental Cervical Superficial anterior lateral Deep Deep anterior cervical pretracheal paratracheal prelaryngeal thyroid Deep lateral cervical superior deep cervical inferior deep cervical retropharyngeal jugulodigastric jugulo - omohyoid Other Anterior cervical Lateral cervical Supraclavicular Virchow 's Vessels Jugular trunk Arm and axilla Nodes Axillary Brachial Pectoral Subscapular Central Apical Arm Supratrochlear Deltopectoral Vessels Subclavian lymph trunk Chest Nodes Parasternal Intercostal Superior diaphragmatic Trachea and bronchi superior inferior bronchopulmonary paratracheal intrapulmonary Vessels Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk Abdomen Nodes Paraaortic Retroaortic Lateral aortic Preaortic ( Celiac gastric hepatic splenic Superior mesenteric mesenteric ileocolic mesocolic Inferior mesenteric pararectal ) Other Iliac Common external internal Sacral Retroperitoneal lymph nodes Vessels Lumbar lymph trunk Intestinal trunk Cisterna chyli Leg Inguinal deep Cloquet 's node superficial Popliteal Authority control NDL : 00575043 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arm&oldid=797043876 '' Categories : Arm Upper limb anatomy Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2011 Articles needing additional references from June 2011 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013 Articles to be expanded from January 2015 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Talk Article Talk More Contents About Wikipedia In other projects Wikimedia Commons العربية Atikamekw Dansk Esperanto Euskara Frysk Bahasa Indonesia עברית Norsk nynorsk Scots Simple English Türkçe 中文 Edit links This version of the 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Question: the term arm in anatomy refers to what region
Answer: the part of the upper limb between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint