Quercus robur - wikipedia Quercus robur Quercus robur Leaves and acorns ( note the long acorn stalks ) Conservation status Least Concern ( IUCN 3.1 ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Clade : Angiosperms Clade : Eudicots Clade : Rosids Order : Fagales Family : Fagaceae Genus : Quercus Section : Q. sect. Quercus Species : Q. robur Binomial name Quercus robur L. Distribution map Synonyms List Quercus abbreviata Vuk. Quercus accessiva Gand. not validly published Quercus accomodata Gand. not validly published Quercus acutiloba Borbás Quercus aesculus Boiss. Quercus aestivalis Steven Quercus afghanistanensis K. Koch Quercus alligata Gand. not validly published Quercus altissima Petz. & G. Kirchn. Quercus amoenifolia Gand. not validly published Quercus appenina var. cylindracea ( Guss. ex Parl. ) Nyman Quercus appenina var. rumelica ( Griseb. & Schenk ) Nyman Quercus apula Gand. not validly published Quercus arenaria Borbás Quercus argentea Morogues Quercus assimilis Gand. not validly published Quercus asterotricha Borbás & Csató Quercus asturica Gand. not validly published Quercus atropurpurea K. Koch Quercus atrosanguinea K. Koch Quercus atrovirens Sm. Quercus aurea K. Koch Quercus australis A. Kern. Quercus auzin Secondat ex Bosc. Quercus avellanoides Vuk. Quercus axillaris Schur Quercus banatica Gand. not validly published Quercus batavica Gand. not validly published Quercus bavarica Gand. not validly published Quercus bedoi Borbás Quercus belgica Gand. not validly published Quercus bellogradensis Borbás Quercus borealis var. pilosa ( Schur ) Simonk. Quercus brachycarpa Guss. ex Parl. Quercus brevipes A. Kern. Quercus brevipes Borbás Quercus brutia Ten. Quercus bruttia Borbás Quercus castanoides Vuk. Quercus commiserata Gand. not validly published Quercus comptoniifolia K. Koch Quercus concordia K. Koch Quercus condensata Schur Quercus coriifolia Vuk. Quercus crispa Vuk. Quercus croatica Gand. not validly published Quercus cunisecta Borbás Quercus cuprea K. Koch Quercus cupressoides K. Koch Quercus cupulatus Gilib. not validly published Quercus cylindracea Guss. ex Parl. Quercus dacica Gand. not validly published Quercus danubialis Gand. not validly published Quercus dilatata A. Kern. Quercus discredens Gand. not validly published Quercus dissecta K. Koch Quercus emarginulata Gand. not validly published Quercus erucifolia Steven Quercus esthonica Gand. not validly published Quercus estremadurensis O. Schwarz Quercus ettingeri Vuk. Quercus extensa ( Schur ) Schur Quercus falkenbergensis Booth ex Loudon Quercus farinosa Vuk. Quercus fastigiata Lam. Quercus femina Mill. Quercus fennessii A. DC. Quercus filicifolia A. DC. Quercus filipendula Schloss. & Vuk. Quercus foemida Mill. Quercus fructipendula Schrank Quercus frutetorum Gand. not validly published Quercus geltowiensis K. Koch Quercus germanica Lasch Quercus grecescui Gand. not validly published Quercus haas Kotschy Quercus haerens Gand. not validly published Quercus hentzei Petz. & G. Kirchn. Quercus hispanica Willk. Quercus hodginsii Lodd. ex Steud. not validly published Quercus hohenackeri Gand. not validly published Quercus horizontalis Dippel Quercus hyemalis Steven Quercus imeretina Steven ex Woronow Quercus immodica Gand. not validly published Quercus implicata Gand. not validly published Quercus kunzei Gand. not validly published Quercus kurdica Wenz. Quercus laciniata Lodd. Quercus lanuginosa Beck Quercus lasistan Kotschy ex A. DC. Quercus lentula Gand. not validly published Quercus longaeva Salisb. not validly published Quercus longiglans Debeaux Quercus longipedunculata Cariot & St. - Lag. Quercus longipes Steven Quercus louettii Dippel Quercus lucorum Vuk. Quercus ludens Gand. not validly published Quercus lugdunensis Gand. not validly published Quercus macroloba Gand. not validly published Quercus madritensis Gand. not validly published Quercus malacophylla ( Schur ) Schur Quercus mestensis Bondev & Gancev Quercus microcarpa Lapeyr. Quercus microcarpa Morogues Quercus monorensis Simonk. Quercus montivaga Gand. not validly published Quercus natalis Gand. not validly published Quercus nescensis Gand. not validly published Quercus nigricans K. Koch Quercus ochracea Morogues Quercus oelandica Gand. not validly published Quercus paleacea Desf. Quercus palmata Vuk. Quercus parmenteria Mutel Quercus pectinata K. Koch Quercus pedemontana Colla Quercus pedunculata Ehrh. Quercus pedunculata Hoffm. Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch Quercus pendula ( Neill ) Lodd. Quercus pendulina Kit. Quercus petropolitana Gand. not validly published Quercus pilosa ( Schur ) Simonk. Quercus pilosula Gand. not validly published Quercus pinnatipartita ( Boiss. ) O. Schwarz Quercus plebeia Gand. not validly published Quercus pluriceps Gand. not validly published Quercus pseudopedunculata Vuk. Quercus pseudoschorochensis Boiss. Quercus pseudosessilis Schur Quercus pseudotscharakensis Kotschy ex A. DC. Quercus pulverulenta K. Koch Quercus purpurea Lodd. ex Loudon Quercus pyramidalis C.C. Gmel. Quercus pyrenaica Steven Quercus quaerens Gand. not validly published Quercus racemosa Lam. Quercus robur ( Ten. ) A. DC. Quercus rossica Gand. not validly published Quercus rostanii Gand. not validly published Quercus rubens Petz. & G. Kirchn. Quercus rubicunda Dippel Quercus rumelica Griseb. & Schenk Quercus salicifolia Steud. not validly published Quercus scandica Gand. nom. not validly published Quercus schlosseriana Gand. not validly published Quercus scolopendrifolia K. Koch Quercus scotica Gand. not validly published Quercus scythica Gand. not validly published Quercus semipinnata Gand. not validly published Quercus sessiliflora var. condensata ( Schur ) Nyman Quercus sessiliflora var. microcarpa ( Lapeyr. ) Nyman Quercus sessiliflora var. pedemontana ( Colla ) Nyman Quercus sessiliflora var. tcharachensis Albov Quercus sieboldii Dippel Quercus similata Gand. not validly published Quercus speciensis Dippel Quercus stilbophylla Gand. not validly published Quercus subvelutina Schur Quercus svecica Borbás Quercus tanaicensis Gand. not validly published Quercus tardiflora Czern. ex Stev. Quercus tennesi Wesm. Quercus tephrochlamys Gand. not validly published Quercus tetracarpa Vuk. Quercus tholeyroniana Gand. not validly published Quercus thomasii Ten. Quercus tomentosa Ehrh. ex A. DC. not validly published Quercus tozzae Dippel Quercus transiens Gand. not validly published Quercus tricolor Petz. & G. Kirchn. Quercus tristis Gand. not validly published Quercus turbinata Kit. Quercus urbica Gand. not validly published Quercus vallicola Gand. not validly published Quercus verecunda Gand. not validly published Quercus versatilis Gand. not validly published Quercus vialis Gand. not validly published Quercus viminalis Bosc Quercus virgata Martrin - Donos Quercus volhynica Gand. not validly published Quercus vulgaris Bubani Quercus welandii Simonk. Quercus wolgensis Gand. not validly published Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is native to most of Europe west of the Caucasus. The tree is widely cultivated in temperate regions and has escaped into the wild in scattered parts of China and North America. Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Ecological importance 4 Commercial forestry 5 Cultivation 5.1 Cultivars 5.2 Hybrids 5.3 Diseases 6 Symbolism 6.1 Basque Country 6.2 Bulgaria 6.3 Croatia 6.4 England 6.5 Germany 6.6 Ireland 6.7 Romania 7 Chemistry 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Taxonomy Ancient pedunculate oaks at Wistman 's Wood in Devon, England Quercus robur ( Latin quercus, `` oak '' + robur `` strength, hard timber '' ) is the type species of the genus ( the species by which the oak genus Quercus is defined ), and a member of the white oak section ( Quercus section Quercus ). The populations in Italy, southeast Europe, and Asia Minor and the Caucasus are sometimes treated as separate species, Q. brutia Tenore, Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch and Q. haas Kotschy respectively. A close relative is the sessile oak ( Q. petraea ), which shares much of its range. Q. robur is distinguished from this species by its leaves having only a very short stalk ( petiole ) 3 -- 8 mm ( 0.12 -- 0.31 in ) long, and by its pedunculate ( stalked ) acorns. The two often hybridise in the wild, the hybrid being known as Quercus × rosacea. Q. robur should not be confused with Q. rubra, the red oak, which is a native of North America and only distantly related. Description An old English oak in Baginton, England Seedling sprouting from its acorn An oak sprout in a glass container Quercus robur is a large deciduous tree, with circumference of grand oaks from 4 m ( 13 ft ) to exceptional 12 m ( 39 ft ). The Majesty Oak with a circumference of 12.2 m ( 40 ft ) is the thickest tree in Great Britain, and the Kaive Oak in Latvia with a circumference of 10.2 m ( 33 ft ) is the thickest tree in Northern Europe. Quercus robur has lobed and nearly sessile ( very short - stalked ) leaves 7 -- 14 cm ( 2.8 -- 5.5 in ) long. Flowering takes place in mid spring, and the fruit, called acorns, ripen by the following autumn. The acorns are 2 -- 2.5 cm ( 0.79 -- 0.98 in ) long, pedunculate ( having a peduncle or acorn - stalk, 3 -- 7 cm ( 1.2 -- 2.8 in ) long ) with one to four acorns on each peduncle. Q. robur is very tolerant to soil conditions and the continental climate but it prefers fertile and well - watered soils. Mature trees tolerate flooding. It is a long - lived tree, with a large wide spreading crown of rugged branches. While it may naturally live to an age of a few centuries, many of the oldest trees are pollarded or coppiced, both pruning techniques that extend the tree 's potential lifespan, if not its health. Two individuals of notable longevity are the Stelmužė Oak in Lithuania and the Granit Oak in Bulgaria, which are believed to be more than 1500 years old, possibly making them the oldest oaks in Europe ; another specimen, called the ' Kongeegen ' ( ' Kings Oak ' ), estimated to be about 1200 years old, grows in Jaegerspris, Denmark. Yet another can be found in Kvilleken, Sweden, that is over 1000 years old and 14 metres ( 46 ft ) around. Of maiden ( not pollarded ) specimens, one of the oldest is the great oak of Ivenack, Germany. Tree - ring research of this tree and other oaks nearby gives an estimated age of 700 to 800 years. Also the Bowthorpe Oak in Lincolnshire, England is estimated to be 1000 years old, making it the oldest in the UK, although there is Knightwood Oak in the New Forest that is also said to be as old. Highest density of the grand oak trees Q. robur with a circumference 4 metres ( 13 ft ) and more is in Latvia. Ecological importance bark and wood Quercus robur - MHNT The Gyula Juhász memorial tree in Makó Q. robur ' Concordia ' Within its native range Q. robur is valued for its importance to insects and other wildlife. Numerous insects live on the leaves, buds, and in the acorns. Q. robur supports the highest biodiversity of insect herbivores of any British plant ( > 400 spp ). The acorns form a valuable food resource for several small mammals and some birds, notably Eurasian jays Garrulus glandarius. Jays were overwhelmingly the primary propagators of oaks before humans began planting them commercially ( and still remain the principal propagators for wild oaks ), because of their habit of taking acorns from the umbra of its parent tree and burying them undamaged elsewhere. Mammals, notably squirrels who tend to hoard acorns and other nuts usually leave them too abused to grow in the action of moving or storing them. Commercial forestry Quercus robur is planted for forestry, and produces a long - lasting and durable heartwood, much in demand for interior and furniture work. The wood of Q. robur is identified by a close examination of a cross-section perpendicular to fibres. The wood is characterised by its distinct ( often wide ) dark and light brown growth rings. The earlywood displays a vast number of large vessels ( ~ 0.5 mm ( 0.020 in ) diameter ). There are rays of thin ( ~ 0.1 mm ( 0.0039 in ) ) yellow or light brown lines running across the growth rings. The timber is around 720 kg ( 1,590 lb ) per cubic meter in density. Cultivation A number of cultivars are grown in gardens and parks and in arboreta and botanical gardens. The most common cultivar is Quercus robur ' Fastigiata ', and is the exception among Q. robur cultivars that are generally smaller than the standard tree, growing to between 10 -- 15 m and exhibit unusual leaf or crown shape characteristics. In Australia English oak is one of the most common park trees in south - eastern Australia, noted for its vigorous, luxuriant growth. In Australia, it grows very quickly to a tree of 20 m ( 66 ft ) tall by up to 20 m ( 66 ft ) broad, with a low - branching canopy. Its trunk and secondary branches are very thick and solid and covered with deep - fissured blackish - grey bark. The largest example in Australia is in Donnybrook, Western Australia. Cultivars Quercus robur ' Fastigiata ' ( `` cypress oak '' ), probably the most common cultivated form, it grows to a large imposing tree with a narrow columnar habit. The fastigiate oak was originally propagated from an upright tree that was found in central Europe. Quercus robur ' Concordia ' ( `` golden oak '' ), a small very slow - growing tree, eventually reaching 10 m ( 33 ft ), with bright golden - yellow leaves throughout spring and summer. It was originally raised in Van Geert 's nursery at Ghent in 1843. Quercus robur ' Pendula ' ( `` weeping oak '' ), a small to medium - sized tree with pendulous branches, reaching up to 15 m. Quercus robur ' Purpurea ' is another cultivar growing to 10 m ( 33 ft ), but with purple coloured leaves. Quercus robur ' Filicifolia ' ( `` cut - leaved oak '' ) is a cultivar where the leaf is pinnately divided into fine forward pointing segments. Hybrids Along with the naturally occurring Q. × rosacea, several hybrids with other white oak species have also been produced in cultivation, including Turner 's Oak Q. × turnerii, Heritage Oak Q. × macdanielli, and Two Worlds Oak Q. × bimundorum, the latter two developed by nurseries in the United States. Q. × bimundorum ( Q. alba × Q. robur ) ( two worlds oak ) Q. × macdanielli ( Q. macrocarpa × Q. robur ) ( heritage oak ) Q. × rosacea Bechst. ( Q. petraea x Q. robur ), a hybrid of the sessile oak and English oak. It is usually of intermediate character between its parents, however it does occasionally exhibit more pronounced characteristics of one or the other parent. Q. × turnerii Willd. ( Q. ilex × Q. robur ) ( Turner 's oak ), a semi-evergreen tree of small to medium size with a rounded crown ; it was originally raised at the Holloway Down Nursery of Spencer Turner, Leyton, Essex, UK, noted by the zoologist Jean - Baptiste Lamarck at Trianon, Versailles in 1783, as the chêne de turnère. ( Turner had died in January 1776, and the nursery grounds, on extended lease, returned to the landowner. ) An early specimen is at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Q. × warei ( Q. robur fastigiata x Q. bicolor ), a hybrid between upright English oak and the swamp white oak. The selections within this hybrid include ' Long ' ( Regal Prince ) and ' Nadler ' ( Kindred Spirit ). Diseases Acute oak decline Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides Sudden oak death Symbolism Basque Country In the Basque Country ( Spain and France ) the oak symbolises the traditional basque liberties. This is based on the ' tree of Gernika ', an ancient oak tree located in Gernika, below which since at least the 13th century the Lords of Biscay first, and afterwards their successors the Kings of Castile and the Kings of Spain solemnly swore to uphold the charter of Biscay, which secured widespread rights to the inhabitants of Biscay. Since the 14th century, the Juntas Generales ( the parliament of Biscay ) gathers in a building next to the oak tree, and symbolically passes its laws under the tree as well. Nowadays, the Lehendakari ( Basque prime minister ) swears his oath of office under the tree. Bulgaria The national coat of arms of Bulgaria includes two crossed oak branches with fruits - as shield ( escutcheon ) compartment. Croatia Oak leaves with acorns are depicted on the reverse of the Croatian 5 lipa coin, minted since 1993. The pedunculate oak of the Croatian region of Slavonia ( considered a separate subspecies - Slavonian oak ) is a regional symbol of Slavonia and a national symbol of Croatia. England In England, the English oak has assumed the status of a national emblem. This has its origins in the oak tree at Boscobel House, where the future King Charles II hid from his Parliamentarian pursuers in 1650 during the English Civil War ; the tree has since been known as the Royal Oak. This event was celebrated nationally on 29 May as Oak Apple Day, which is continued to this day in some communities. ' The Royal Oak ' is the third most popular pub name in Britain ( 541 in 2007 ) and has been the name of eight major Royal Navy warships. The naval associations are strengthened by the fact that oak was the main construction material for sailing warships. The Royal Navy was often described as ' The Wooden Walls of Old England ' ( a paraphrase of the Delphic Oracle ) and the Navy 's official quick march is `` Heart of Oak ''. In folklore, the Major Oak is where Robin Hood is purportedly to have taken shelter. Furthermore, the oak is the most common woodland tree in England. An oak tree has been depicted on the reverse of the pound coin ( the 1987 and 1992 issues ) and a sprig of oak leaves and acorns is the emblem of the National Trust. Germany In Germany, the oak tree is used as a typical object and symbol in romanticism. It can be found in several paintings of Caspar David Friedrich and in `` Of the life of a Good - For - Nothing '' written by Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff as a symbol of the state protecting every man. In those works the oak is shown in different situations, with leaves and flowers or dead without any of its previous beauty. Those conditions are mostly symbols for the conditions Germany is in or going through. Furthermore, the oak 's stem is a symbol for Germany 's strength and stability. Oak branches were displayed on the reverse of coins of the old Deutsche Mark currency ( 1 through 10 Pfennigs ; the 50 Pfennigs coin showed a woman planting an oak seedling ), and are now also displayed on the reverse of German - issue Euro currency coins ( 1 through 5 cents ). Ireland In Ireland, at Birr Castle, an example, over 400 years old has a girth of 6.5 m. It is known as the Carroll Oak, referring to the local Chieftains, Ely O'Carroll who ruled prior to Norman occupation. Romania The Romanian Rugby Union side is known as The Oaks. Chemistry Grandinin / roburin E, castalagin / vescalagin, gallic acid, monogalloyl glucose ( glucogallin ) and valoneic acid dilactone, monogalloyl glucose, digalloyl glucose, trigalloyl glucose, rhamnose, quercitrin and ellagic acid are phenolic compounds found in Q. robur. The heartwood contains triterpene saponins. See also Knopper gall Oak marble gall Gernika Oak References Jump up ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/63532/0 Jump up ^ `` The Plant List : A Working List of All Plant Species ''. Jump up ^ Nixon, Kevin C. ( 1997 ). `` Quercus robur ''. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico ( FNA ). 3. New York and Oxford -- via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Huang, Chengjiu ; Zhang, Yongtian ; Bartholomew, Bruce. `` Quercus robur ''. Flora of China. 4 -- via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Jump up ^ Ducousso, A. & Bordacs, S. ( 2004 ), Pedunculate and sessile oaks - Quercus robur / Quercus petraea : Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use ( PDF ), European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, p. 6 Jump up ^ `` Kong Frederik den Syvendes Stiftelse paa Jægerspris ''. www.kongfrederik.dk. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Jump up ^ Moström, Jerker ( May 2006 ). `` The Oak Tree, from Peasant Torment to a Unifying Concept of Landscape Management '' ( PDF ). The Oak -- History, Ecology Management and Planning. Linköping, Sweden : National Heritage Board of Sweden. Jump up ^ Eniņš, Guntis ( 2008 ). 100 dižākie un svētākie, AS Lauku Avīze, p. 25. ISBN 978 - 9984 - 827 - 15 - 5 Jump up ^ White, John ( 1995 ). Forest and Woodland Trees in Britain. Oxford University Press. p. 131. ISBN 0 - 19 - 854883 - 4. Jump up ^ British Oak. Niche Timbers. Accessed 19 - 08 - 2009. Jump up ^ `` Quercus robur ''. Metrotrees.com.au. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ Nina Smith ( 2009 - 12 - 10 ). `` Australia 's Biggest Oak Tree ''. Donnybrookmail.com.au. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ Henry John Elwes, The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland, s.v. `` Quercus '', p. 1189. Jump up ^ Turner 's will, PRO Jump up ^ `` Kew : Plants : Turner 's Oak, Quercus x turneri ''. Rbgkew.org.uk. 16 October 1987. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2012. Jump up ^ `` Plant of the Month ''. Buckeyegardening.com. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ `` ' ' International Oak Society Link ' ' ''. Oaknames.org. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Oak mildew ''. Forestry Commission. 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013. Jump up ^ Croatian National Bank Archived 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine... Kuna and Lipa, Coins of Croatia Archived 22 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. : 5 Lipa Coin Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine... -- Retrieved on 31 March 2009. Jump up ^ `` Croatian National Symbols ''. www.kwintessential.co.uk/. Retrieved 2013 - 04 - 23. Jump up ^ `` Wiltshire - Moonraking - Oak Apple Day ''. BBC. 1931 - 05 - 29. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Real Ale and Pub News Features Archive ''. Solihullcamra.org.uk. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012. Jump up ^ `` National Maritime Museum ''. Nmm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02. Jump up ^ `` The Definitive List of British Oak Trees & Their History EHBP ''. English Heritage Buildings. 2018 - 02 - 16. Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 12. Jump up ^ Smith, Steve. `` The National Inventory of Woodland and Trees - England '' ( PDF ). UK : Forestry Commission. Table 1. p. 52. Jump up ^ Fifty Trees of Distinction by Prof. D.A. Webb and the Earl of Ross. Booklet, published by Birr Castle Demesne, 2000. Jump up ^ Analysis of oak tannins by liquid chromatography - electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Pirjo Mämmelä, Heikki Savolainenb, Lasse Lindroosa, Juhani Kangasd and Terttu Vartiainen, Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 891, Issue 1, 1 September 2000, Pages 75 - 83, doi : 10.1016 / S0021 - 9673 ( 00 ) 00624 - 5 Jump up ^ Identification of triterpene saponins in Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Liebl. Heartwood by LC - ESI / MS and NMR. Arramon G, Saucier C, Colombani D and Glories Y, Phytochem Anal., November - DEcember 2002, volume 13, issue 6, pages 305 - 310, PMID 12494747 Flora Europaea : Quercus robur Bean, W.J. ( 1976 ). Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., revised. John Murray. Rushforth, K. ( 1999 ). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0 - 00 - 220013 - 9. ( in French ) Chênes : Quercus robur External links Oaks from Bialowieza Forest in Poland ( biggest oak cluster with the monumental sizes in Europe ) ( English ) Monumental Trees, Photos and location details of large English oak trees Latvia - the land of oaks Den virtuella floran - Distribution Quercus robur - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme ( EUFORGEN ) Taxon identifiers Wikidata : Q165145 Wikispecies : Quercus robur APDB : 13665 ARKive : quercus - robur BioLib : 3458 Calflora : 12827 EoL : 1151323 EPPO : QUERO FNA : 210001863 FoC : 210001863 GBIF : 2878688 GRIN : 30739 iNaturalist : 56133 IPNI : 296690 - 1 IRMNG : 11400298 ITIS : 19405 IUCN : 63532 NBN : NBNSYS0000003845 NCBI : 38942 NZOR : e73e770d - f7bf - 472d - a04b - 1c80caf9b226 PalDat : Quercus_robur PfaF : Quercus robur Plant List : kew - 174750 PLANTS : QURO2 POWO : urn : lsid : ipni.org : names : 304293 - 2 Tropicos : 13100004 VASCAN : 5969 WCSP : 174750 GND : 4128387 - 9 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_robur&oldid=855372420 '' Categories : IUCN Red List least concern species Quercus Trees of Africa Trees of Europe Trees of Western Asia Flora of North Africa Flora of the Middle East Trees of humid continental climate Trees of mild maritime climate Least concern plants Least concern biota of Europe Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Garden plants of Europe Ornamental trees Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter Webarchive template wayback links Articles with ' species ' microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013 Articles with French - language external links Use dmy dates from August 2011 Taxonbars with 25 + taxon IDs Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Emiliàn e rumagnòl Эрзянь Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Ido Íslenska Italiano ქართული Қазақша Kernowek Кырык мары Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Livvinkarjala Lumbaart Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Олык марий پنجابی Piemontèis Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray Žemaitėška 中文 56 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 August 2018, at 20 : 17 ( UTC ). 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Question: how long does an english oak tree live
Answer: a few centuries