De Stijl - wikipedia De Stijl This article is about the artistic movement. For the album by The White Stripes, see De Stijl ( album ). Red and Blue Chair designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1917. De Stijl ( / də ˈstaɪl / ; Dutch pronunciation : ( də ˈstɛil ) ), Dutch for `` The Style '', also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 in Leiden. The De Stijl consisted of artists and architects. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands. Proponents of De Stijl advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour ; they simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal, using only black, white and primary colors. De Stijl is also the name of a journal that was published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo van Doesburg ( 1883 -- 1931 ) that served to propagate the group 's theories. Next to van Doesburg, the group 's principal members were the painters Piet Mondrian ( 1872 -- 1944 ), Vilmos Huszár ( 1884 -- 1960 ), and Bart van der Leck ( 1876 -- 1958 ), and the architects Gerrit Rietveld ( 1888 -- 1964 ), Robert van ' t Hoff ( 1887 -- 1979 ), and J. J. P. Oud ( 1890 -- 1963 ). The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the group 's work is known as neoplasticism -- the new plastic art ( or Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch ). Contents 1 Principles and influences 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Founding of De Stijl 2.3 After 1920 2.4 After van Doesburg 's death 2.5 Influence on architecture 2.6 Present day 3 Neoplasticists 4 See also 5 References and sources 6 Further reading 7 External links Principles and influences Mondrian sets forth the delimitations of neoplasticism in his essay `` Neo-Plasticism in Pictorial Art ''. He writes, `` this new plastic idea will ignore the particulars of appearance, that is to say, natural form and colour. On the contrary, it should find its expression in the abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly defined primary colour ''. With these constraints, his art allows only primary colours and non-colours, only squares and rectangles, only straight and horizontal or vertical lines. The De Stijl movement posited the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetricality ; the predominant use of pure primary colors with black and white ; and the relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-objective forms and lines. The name De Stijl is supposedly derived from Gottfried Semper 's Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen Künsten oder Praktische Ästhetik ( 1861 -- 3 ), which Curl suggests was mistakenly believed to advocate materialism and functionalism. The `` plastic vision '' of De Stijl artists, also called Neo-Plasticism, saw itself as reaching beyond the changing appearance of natural things to bring an audience into intimate contact with an immutable core of reality, a reality that was not so much a visible fact as an underlying spiritual vision. In general, De Stijl proposed ultimate simplicity and abstraction, both in architecture and painting, by using only straight horizontal and vertical lines and rectangular forms. Furthermore, their formal vocabulary was limited to the primary colours, red, yellow, and blue, and the three primary values, black, white, and grey. The works avoided symmetry and attained aesthetic balance by the use of opposition. This element of the movement embodies the second meaning of stijl : `` a post, jamb or support '' ; this is best exemplified by the construction of crossing joints, most commonly seen in carpentry. In many of the group 's three - dimensional works, vertical and horizontal lines are positioned in layers or planes that do not intersect, thereby allowing each element to exist independently and unobstructed by other elements. This feature can be found in the Rietveld Schröder House and the Red and Blue Chair. De Stijl was influenced by Cubist painting as well as by the mysticism and the ideas about `` ideal '' geometric forms ( such as the `` perfect straight line '' ) in the neoplatonic philosophy of mathematician M. H. J. Schoenmaekers. The De Stijl movement was also influenced by Neopositivism. The works of De Stijl would influence the Bauhaus style and the international style of architecture as well as clothing and interior design. However, it did not follow the general guidelines of an `` - ism '' ( e.g., Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism ), nor did it adhere to the principles of art schools like the Bauhaus ; it was a collective project, a joint enterprise. In music, De Stijl was an influence only on the work of composer Jakob van Domselaer, a close friend of Mondrian. Between 1913 and 1916, he composed his Proeven van Stijlkunst ( `` Experiments in Artistic Style '' ), inspired mainly by Mondrian 's paintings. This minimalistic -- and, at the time, revolutionary -- music defined `` horizontal '' and `` vertical '' musical elements and aimed at balancing those two principles. Van Domselaer was relatively unknown in his lifetime, and did not play a significant role within the De Stijl group. History This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2008 ) Theo van Doesburg, neoplasticism : Composition VII ( the three graces ) 1917. Early history Page from De Stijl magazine. From the flurry of new art movements that followed the Impressionist revolutionary new perception of painting, Cubism arose in the early 20th century as an important and influential new direction. In the Netherlands, too, there was interest in this `` new art ''. However, because the Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, Dutch artists were not able to leave the country after 1914 and were thus effectively isolated from the international art world -- and in particular, from Paris, which was its centre then. During that period, painter Theo van Doesburg started looking for other artists to set up a journal and start an art movement. Van Doesburg was also a writer, poet, and critic, who had been more successful writing about art than working as an independent artist. Quite adept at making new contacts due to his flamboyant personality and outgoing nature, he had many useful connections in the art world. Founding of De Stijl Piet Mondrian, Gray Tree, 1912 Around 1915, Van Doesburg started meeting the artists who would eventually become the founders of the journal. He first met Piet Mondrian at an exhibition in Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. Mondrian, who had moved to Paris in 1912 ( and there, changed his name from `` Mondriaan '' ), had been visiting the Netherlands when war broke out. He could not return to Paris, and was staying in the artists ' community of Laren, where he met Bart van der Leck and regularly saw M. H. J. Schoenmaekers. In 1915, Schoenmaekers published Het nieuwe wereldbeeld ( `` The New Image of the World '' ), followed in 1916 by Beginselen der beeldende wiskunde ( `` Principles of Plastic Mathematics '' ). These two publications would greatly influence Mondrian and other members of De Stijl. Van Doesburg also knew J. J. P. Oud and the Hungarian artist Vilmos Huszár. In 1917 the cooperation of these artists, together with the poet Anthony Kok, resulted in the founding of De Stijl. The young architect Gerrit Rietveld joined the group in 1918. At its height De Stijl had 100 members and the journal had a circulation of 300. During those first few years, the group was still relatively homogeneous, although Van der Leck left in 1918 due to artistic differences of opinion. Manifestos were being published, signed by all members. The social and economic circumstances of the time formed an important source of inspiration for their theories, and their ideas about architecture were heavily influenced by Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. The name Nieuwe Beelding was a term first coined in 1917 by Mondrian, who wrote a series of twelve articles called De Nieuwe Beelding in de schilderkunst ( `` Neo-Plasticism in Painting '' ) that were published in the journal De Stijl. In 1920 he published a book titled Le Neo-Plasticisme. After 1920 Around 1921, the group 's character started to change. From the time of van Doesburg 's association with Bauhaus, other influences started playing a role. These influences were mainly Malevich and Russian Constructivism, to which not all members agreed. In 1924 Mondrian broke with the group after van Doesburg proposed the theory of elementarism, suggesting that a diagonal line is more vital than horizontal and vertical ones. In addition, the De Stijl group acquired many new `` members ''. Dadaist influences, such as I. K. Bonset 's poetry and Aldo Camini 's `` antiphilosophy '' generated controversy as well. Only after Van Doesburg 's death was it revealed that Bonset and Camini were two of his pseudonyms. After van Doesburg 's death Theo van Doesburg died in Davos, Switzerland, in 1931. His wife, Nelly, administered his estate. Because of van Doesburg 's pivotal role within De Stijl, the group did not survive. Individual members remained in contact, but De Stijl could not exist without a strong central character. Thus, it may be wrong to think of De Stijl as a close - knit group of artists. The members knew each other, but most communication took place by letter. For example, Mondrian and Rietveld never met in person. The Rietveld Schröder House -- the only building realised completely according to the principles of De Stijl Many, though not all, artists did stay true to the movement 's basic ideas, even after 1931. Rietveld, for instance, continued designing furniture according to De Stijl principles, while Mondrian continued working in the style he had initiated around 1920. Van der Leck, on the other hand, went back to figurative compositions after his departure from the group. Influence on architecture Aubette dance hall, 1929 The De Stijl influence on architecture remained considerable long after its inception ; Mies van der Rohe was among the most important proponents of its ideas. Between 1923 and 1924, Rietveld designed the Rietveld Schröder House, the only building to have been created completely according to De Stijl principles. Examples of Stijl - influenced works by J.J.P. Oud can be found in Rotterdam ( Café De Unie ) and Hoek van Holland. Other examples include the Eames House by Charles and Ray Eames, and the interior decoration for the Aubette dance hall in Strasbourg, designed by Sophie Taeuber - Arp, Jean Arp and van Doesburg. Present day Works by De Stijl members are scattered all over the world, but De Stijl - themed exhibitions are organised regularly. Museums with large De Stijl collections include the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague ( which owns the world 's most extensive, although not exclusively De Stijl - related, Mondrian collection ) and Amsterdam 's Stedelijk Museum, where many works by Rietveld and Van Doesburg are on display. The Centraal Museum of Utrecht has the largest Rietveld collection worldwide ; it also owns the Rietveld Schröder House, Rietveld 's adjacent `` show house '', and the Rietveld Schröder Archives. The movement inspired the design aesthetics of Rumyantsevo and Salaryevo stations of Moscow Metro opened in 2016. Neoplasticists Ilya Bolotowsky ( 1907 -- 1981 ), painter and sculptor Burgoyne Diller ( 1906 -- 1965 ), painter Theo van Doesburg ( 1883 -- 1931 ), painter, designer, and writer ; co-founder of De Stijl movement ; published De Stijl, 1917 -- 1931 Cornelis van Eesteren ( 1897 -- 1981 ), architect Jean Gorin ( 1899 -- 1981 ), painter, sculptor Robert van ' t Hoff ( 1887 -- 1979 ), architect Vilmos Huszár ( 1884 -- 1960 ), painter Frederick John Kiesler ( 1890 - 1965 ), architect, theater designer, artist, sculptor Antony Kok ( 1882 -- 1969 ), poet Bart van der Leck ( 1876 -- 1958 ), painter Piet Mondrian ( 1872 -- 1944 ), painter, co-founder of De Stijl Marlow Moss ( 1889 -- 1958 ), painter J.J.P. Oud ( 1890 -- 1963 ), architect Gerrit Rietveld ( 1888 -- 1964 ), architect and designer Kurt Schwitters ( 1887 -- 1948 ), painter, sculptor Georges Vantongerloo ( 1886 -- 1965 ), sculptor Friedrich Vordemberge - Gildewart, painter Jan Wils ( 1891 -- 1972 ), architect See also Arts portal Netherlands portal Abstract art Concrete art Art Concret Abstraction - Création Constructivism ( art ) Fourth dimension in art Mathematics and art Rietveld Schröder House References and sources References Jump up ^ Linduff, David G. Wilkins, Bernard Schultz, Katheryn M. ( 1994 ). Art past, art present ( 2nd ed. ). Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall. p. 523. ISBN 0 - 13 - 062084 - X. ^ Jump up to : `` De Stijl ''. Tate Glossary. The Tate. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 31. ^ Jump up to : Curl, James Stevens ( 2006 ). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture ( Paperback ) ( Second ed. ). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 - 19 - 860678 - 8. Jump up ^ Tate. `` Neo-plasticism -- Art Term - Tate ''. Jump up ^ `` The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum - Guggenheim ) Collection Online : De Stijl ''. Jump up ^ Denker, Susan A. ( September 1982 ). `` De Stijl : 1917 -- 1931, Visions of Utopia ''. Art Journal. 42 ( 3 ) : 242 -- 246. doi : 10.1080 / 00043249.1982. 10792803. Jump up ^ Linduff, David G. Wilkins, Bernard Schultz, Katheryn M. ( 1994 ). Art past, art present ( 2nd ed. ). Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall. p. 523. ISBN 0 - 13 - 062084 - X. Jump up ^ Theo van Doesburg ( 1918 ). Translated by Janet Seligman ; Introd. by Hans M. Wingler ; Postscript by H.L.C. Jaffé, eds. Grundbegriffe der Neuen Gestaltenden Kunst ( Grondbeginselen der Nieuwe beeldende Kunst ( Principles of Neo-Plastic Art ) ) ( in German, Dutch, and English ). London, UK : Lund Humphries ( 1968 ). ISBN 0853311048. Jump up ^ Dujardin, Alain ; Quirindongo, Jop. `` This 100 - Year - Old Dutch Movement Shaped Web Design Today ''. Backchannel ( blog ). Retrieved 29 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` Marble and Mondrian : a tour of Moscow metro ''. DW. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Type design for Rumyantsevo Moscow Metro station ''. Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Ilya Bolotowsky ''. Sullivan Goss. Retrieved 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Burgoyne Diller ''. Sullivan Goss. Retrieved 24 September 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` de Stijl ''. the-artists.org. Retrieved 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Robert Van ' T Hoff in The Kröller - Müller Museum ''. Het Nieuwe Instituut. Retrieved 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Vilmos huszar De Stijl ''. MoMA. Retrieved 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` AD Classics : Endless House / Friedrick Kiesler ''. ArchDaily. Retrieved 24 September 2015. Jump up ^ White, Michael ( 20 September 2003 ). De Stijl and Dutch Modernism. Manchester University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7190 - 6162 - 2. Jump up ^ Hauffe, Thomas ( 1998 ). Design ( Reprinted ed. ). London : Laurence King. p. 71. ISBN 9781856691345. OCLC 40406039. Jump up ^ Gottfried, Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG. `` Spaces for the Permanent Collection - sprengel-museum.com ''. www.sprengel-museum.com. Hannover. Jump up ^ White, Michael ( 20 September 2003 ). De Stijl and Dutch Modernism. Manchester University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7190 - 6162 - 2. Sources `` De Stijl Architecture ''. Design Arts. Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 2006 - 03 - 27. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 31. van Doesburg, Theo ( 1924 ). `` Towards a plastic architecture ''. Translation of original published in De Stijl, XII, 6 / 7. Architecture & CAAD. Archived from the original on 2005 - 11 - 28. Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 31. Further reading Blotkamp, Carel ( ed. ) ( 1982 ). De beginjaren van De Stijl 1917 -- 1922. Utrecht : Reflex. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Blotkamp, Carel ( ed. ) ( 1996 ). De vervolgjaren van De Stijl 1922 -- 1932. Amsterdam : Veen. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jaffé, H.L.C. ( 1956 ). De Stijl, 1917 -- 1931, The Dutch Contribution to Modern Art ( 1st ed. ). Amsterdam : J.M. Meulenhoff. Janssen, Hans ; White, Michael ( 2011 ). The Story of De Stijl. Lund Humphries. ISBN 978 - 1 - 84822 - 094 - 2. Overy, Paul ( 1969 ). De Stijl ( 1st ed. ). London : Studio Vista. White, Michael ( 2003 ). De Stijl and Dutch Modernism. Manchester ( etc ) : Manchester University Press. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to De Stijl. Wikiquote has quotations related to : De Stijl De Stijl Jakob van Domselaer 's Proeven van Stijlkunst, rare recording. Essay about Mondrian and mysticism Scans of the complete first volume of the journal. De Stijl Manifesto -- by Theo van Doesburg, 1918 Geometric abstraction Concrete art Constructivism De Stijl Minimalism Op art Suprematism Genres of modern architecture Alphabetically Art Deco Art Nouveau Bauhaus Blobitecture Brutalism Constructivism Contemporary Critical regionalism De Stijl Deconstructivism Expressionism Functionalism Futurism Googie High - tech International style Mid-Century modern Modernisme Neo-Futurism Neomodern New Classical New Objectivity Organicism Postconstructivism Postmodernism PWA Moderne Prairie School Rationalist - Fascist Stalinist Streamline Moderne Stripped Classicism Structuralism By start year / decade Modernisme ( 1888 -- 1911 ) Art Nouveau ( 1890 -- 1910 ) Prairie School ( 1890s -- 1920s ) Expressionism ( 1910 -- ) De Stijl ( 1917 -- 1931 ) Bauhaus ( 1919 -- 1933 ) Constructivism ( 1920 -- 1932 ) New Objectivity ( 1922 -- 1933 ) Streamline Moderne ( 1925 -- 1950 ) Rationalist - Fascist ( 1920s -- 1930s ) International style ( 1920s -- 1960s ) Functionalism ( 1920s -- 1970s ) Futurism ( 1920s -- ) Organicism ( 1920s -- ) Art Deco ( 1910 -- 1939 ) Postconstructivism ( 1930s ) PWA Moderne ( 1933 - 1944 ) Stalinist ( 1930s -- 1950s ) Googie ( 1940s -- 1960s ) Mid-century modern ( 1940s -- 1960s ) Brutalism ( 1950s -- 1980s ) Structuralism ( 1959 -- ) Postmodernism ( 1960s -- ) Blobitecture ( 1960s -- ) Contemporary ( 1970s -- ) High - tech ( 1970s -- ) Critical regionalism ( 1980s -- ) Deconstructivism ( 1980s -- ) Neomodern ( 1990s -- ) New Classical ( 1990s -- ) Neo-futurism ( 2000s -- ) Related articles Avant - garde movements Visual art Abstract expressionism Art Nouveau Conceptual art Constructivism Cubism Proto - Cubism Cubo - Futurism De Stijl Devětsil Divisionism Fauvism Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Post-Impressionism Color Field Incoherents Lyrical Abstraction Mail art Minimalism Mir iskusstva Neue Slowenische Kunst Nonconformism Pop art Rayonism Suprematism Vorticism Nouveau réalisme Literature and poetry Acmeism Angry Penguins Asemic writing Cyberpunk Ego - Futurism Experimental literature Flarf poetry Hungry generation Imaginism Language poets Neoteric Nouveau roman Oberiu Oulipo Ultraísmo Visual poetry Zaum Music By style Jazz Metal Pop Rock Prog Punk Others Aleatoric music Ars subtilior Atonal music Drone music Electroacoustic music Electronic music Experimental pop Free jazz Futurism ( music ) Industrial music Microtonal music Minimal music Musique concrète New Complexity No wave Noise music Post-rock Rock in Opposition Second Viennese School Serialism Spectral music Stochastic music Textural music Totalism Twelve - tone technique Cinema and theatre Cinéma pur Dogme 95 Drop Art Epic theatre Remodernist film Structural film Theatre of the Absurd Theatre of Cruelty General Bauhaus Constructivism Dada Expressionism Fluxus Futurism Lettrism Modernism Minimalism Postminimalism Neo-minimalism Neo-Dada Neoism Postmodernism Late modernism Primitivism Russian Futurism Russian symbolism Situationist International Social realism Socialist realism Surrealism Symbolism Book Art movements Medieval Early Christian Migration Period Anglo - Saxon Visigothic Pre-Romanesque Insular Viking Byzantine Merovingian Carolingian Ottonian Romanesque Norman - Sicilian Gothic ( International Gothic ) Renaissance Italian Renaissance Early Netherlandish German Renaissance Antwerp Mannerists Danube school High Renaissance Romanism Mannerism Fontainebleau Northern Mannerism Flemish Baroque 17th century Baroque Caravaggisti Classicism Dutch Golden Age 18th century Rococo Neoclassicism Romanticism 19th century Naïve Nazarene Realism / Realism Historicism Biedermeier Gründerzeit Barbizon school Pre-Raphaelites Academic Aestheticism Decadent Macchiaioli Art Nouveau Peredvizhniki Impressionism Post-Impressionism Neo-impressionism Divisionism Pointillism Cloisonnism Les Nabis Synthetism Kalighat painting Symbolism Hudson River School 20th century Arts and Crafts Fauvism Die Brücke Cubism Expressionism Neue Künstlervereinigung München Futurism Metaphysical art Rayonism Der Blaue Reiter Orphism Synchromism Vorticism Suprematism Ashcan Dada De Stijl Purism Bauhaus Kinetic art New Objectivity Neues Sehen Surrealism Neo-Fauvism Precisionism Scuola Romana Art Deco International Typographic Style Social realism Abstract expressionism Vienna School of Fantastic Realism Color Field Lyrical abstraction Tachisme COBRA Action painting New media art Letterist International Pop art Situationist International Lettrism Neo-Dada Op art Nouveau réalisme Conceptual art Land art Systems art Video art Minimalism Fluxus Photorealism Performance art Installation art Endurance art Outsider art Neo-expressionism Lowbrow Young British Artists Amazonian pop art 21st century Art intervention Hyperrealism Neo-futurism Stuckism Sound art Superstroke Superflat Relational art Related articles List of art movements Feminist art movement ( in the US ) Modern art Modernism Late modernism Postmodern art Avant - garde NDL : 00561490 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Stijl&oldid=806020024 '' Categories : De Stijl Art movements Art movements in Dutch painting Avant - garde art Architecture magazines Architecture groups Artist groups and collectives of the Northern Netherlands Dutch architectural styles Dutch magazines Dutch - language magazines Dutch painting Media in Amsterdam Modern art Piet Mondrian Magazines established in 1917 1910s in arts 1920s in arts 1910s in the Netherlands 1920s in the Netherlands 20th - century architectural styles 20th - century Dutch artists 20th - century Dutch painters Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Articles needing additional references from July 2008 All articles needing additional references CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Asturianu Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk پنجابی Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Sardu Scots Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 October 2017, at 03 : 49. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: dutch painter of the abstract art movement de stijl
Answer: Theo van Doesburg