Indiana - wikipedia Indiana This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 July 2018. This article is about the U.S. state of Indiana. For other uses, see Indiana ( disambiguation ). `` Hoosier State '' redirects here. For the passenger train, see Hoosier State ( train ). State of Indiana Flag Seal Nickname ( s ) : The Hoosier State Motto ( s ) : The Crossroads of America State song ( s ) : `` On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away '' Official language English Spoken languages English, Spanish, other languages Demonym Hoosier Capital ( and largest city ) Indianapolis Largest metro Greater Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th Total 36,418 sq mi ( 94,321 km ) Width 140 miles ( 225 km ) Length 270 miles ( 435 km ) % water 1.5 Latitude 37 ° 46 ′ N to 41 ° 46 ′ N Longitude 84 ° 47 ′ W to 88 ° 6 ′ W Population Ranked 17th Total 6,666,818 ( 2017 est. ) Density 183 / sq mi ( 70.7 / km ) Ranked 16th Median household income $51,983 ( 35th ) Elevation Highest point Hoosier Hill 1,257 ft ( 383 m ) Mean 700 ft ( 210 m ) Lowest point Confluence of Ohio River and Wabash River 320 ft ( 97 m ) Before statehood Indiana Territory Admission to Union December 11, 1816 ( 19th ) Governor Eric Holcomb ( R ) Lieutenant Governor Suzanne Crouch ( R ) Legislature General Assembly Upper house Indiana Senate Lower house Indiana House of Representatives U.S. Senators Joe Donnelly ( D ) Todd Young ( R ) U.S. House delegation 7 Republicans, 2 Democrats ( list ) Time zones 80 counties Eastern : UTC − 5 / − 4 12 counties Central : UTC − 6 / − 5 ISO 3166 US - IN Abbreviations IN, Ind. Website www.in.gov show Indiana state symbols The Flag of Indiana The Seal of Indiana Living insignia Bird Cardinal Fish Largemouth Bass Flower Peony Insect Say 's Firefly Tree Tulip tree Inanimate insignia Colors Blue and gold Firearm Grouseland Rifle Food Sugar cream pie Motto The Crossroads of America Poem `` Indiana '' Rock Salem Limestone Ship USS Indianapolis ( 4 ), USS Indiana ( 4 ) Slogan Honest to Goodness Indiana Soil Miami Song official `` On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away '' unofficial `` Back Home Again in Indiana '' Sport Basketball Other River : Wabash State route marker State quarter Released in 2002 Lists of United States state symbols Indiana / ˌɪndiˈænə / ( listen ) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816. Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, Kentucky to the south and southeast, and Illinois to the west. Before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Since its founding as a territory, settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York, Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio, and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee. Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $341.9 billion in 2016. Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns. Indiana is home to professional sports teams, including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers, and hosts several notable athletic events, such as the Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 motorsports races. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Aboriginal inhabitants 2.2 European exploration and sovereignty 2.3 The frontier 2.4 Statehood and settlement 2.5 Civil War 2.6 Early 20th century 2.7 Modern era 3 Geography 3.1 Geology and terrain 3.2 Hydrology 3.3 Climate 3.4 Ecosystem 3.5 Time zones 4 Indiana counties and statistical areas 4.1 Major cities 5 Demographics 5.1 Population 5.2 Ancestry 5.3 Population growth 5.4 Median income 5.5 Religion 5.6 Language 6 Law and government 6.1 Politics 6.2 Military installations 7 Culture 7.1 Arts 7.2 Sports 7.2. 1 Motorsports 7.2. 2 Professional sports 7.2. 3 Professional teams 7.2. 4 College athletics 8 Economy and infrastructure 8.1 Business 8.2 State budget 8.3 Energy 8.4 Transportation 8.4. 1 Airports 8.4. 2 Highways 8.4. 3 County roads 8.4. 4 Rail 8.4. 5 Ports 9 Education 10 See also 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External links Etymology Indiana 's welcome signs feature the state motto `` Crossroads of America. '' The state 's name means `` Land of the Indians '', or simply `` Indian Land ''. It also stems from Indiana 's territorial history. On May 7, 1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the western section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a part of this territorial land became the geographic area for the new state. A resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The etymology of this word is disputed, but the leading theory, as advanced by the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society, has `` Hoosier '' originating from Virginia, the Carolinas, and Tennessee ( a part of the Upland South region of the United States ) as a term for a backwoodsman, a rough countryman, or a country bumpkin. History Main article : History of Indiana See also : Outline of Indiana § History Aboriginal inhabitants Angel Mounds State Historic Site was one of the northernmost Mississippian culture settlements, occupied from 1100 CE to 1450 CE. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo - Indians, who arrived about 8000 BC after the melting of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age. Divided into small groups, the Paleo - Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking. The Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, an important step in civilization. Such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground - stone tools such as stone axes, woodworking tools and grinding stones. During the latter part of the period, they built earthwork mounds and middens, which showed that settlements were becoming more permanent. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC. Afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, and extended their cultivation of plants. An early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long - range trade of goods. Nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD. The Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with large mounds and plazas defining ceremonial and public spaces. The concentrated settlements depended on the agricultural surpluses. One such complex was the Angel Mounds. They had large public areas such as plazas and platform mounds, where leaders lived or conducted rituals. Mississippian civilization collapsed in Indiana during the mid-15th century for reasons that remain unclear. The historic Native American tribes in the area at the time of European encounter spoke different languages of the Algonquian family. They included the Shawnee, Miami, and Illini. Later they were joined by refugee tribes from eastern regions including the Delaware who settled in the White and Whitewater River Valleys. European exploration and sovereignty Native Americans guide French explorers through Indiana, as depicted by Maurice Thompson in Stories of Indiana. In 1679 the French explorer René - Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle was the first European to cross into Indiana after reaching present - day South Bend at the Saint Joseph River. He returned the following year to learn about the region. French - Canadian fur traders soon arrived, bringing blankets, jewelry, tools, whiskey and weapons to trade for skins with the Native Americans. By 1702, Sieur Juchereau established the first trading post near Vincennes. In 1715 Sieur de Vincennes built Fort Miami at Kekionga, now Fort Wayne. In 1717, another Canadian, Picote de Beletre, built Fort Ouiatenon on the Wabash River, to try to control Native American trade routes from Lake Erie to the Mississippi River. In 1732 Sieur de Vincennes built a second fur trading post at Vincennes. French Canadian settlers, who had left the earlier post because of hostilities, returned in larger numbers. In a period of a few years, British colonists arrived from the East and contended against the Canadians for control of the lucrative fur trade. Fighting between the French and British colonists occurred throughout the 1750s as a result. The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the French Canadians during the French and Indian War ( also known as the Seven Years ' War ). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to cede all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the colonies to the British crown. The tribes in Indiana did not give up ; they destroyed Fort Ouiatenon and Fort Miami during Pontiac 's Rebellion. The British royal proclamation of 1763 designated the land west of the Appalachians for Indian use, and excluded British colonists from the area, which the Crown called Indian Territory. In 1775 the American Revolutionary War began as the colonists sought more self - government and independence from the British. The majority of the fighting took place near the East Coast, but the Patriot military officer George Rogers Clark called for an army to help fight the British in the west. Clark 's army won significant battles and took over Vincennes and Fort Sackville on February 25, 1779. During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops, who were attacking the eastern colonists from the west. His success is often credited for changing the course of the American Revolutionary War. At the end of the war, through the Treaty of Paris, the British crown ceded their claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States, including American Indian lands. The frontier In 1787 the US defined present - day Indiana as part of its Northwest Territory. In 1800 Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory and Vincennes was established as the capital. After Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. Map showing extent of the treaty lands. Starting with the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and Treaty of Greenville, 1795, Indian titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. About half the state was acquired in the St. Mary 's Purchase from the Miami in 1818. Purchases were n't complete until the Treaty of Mississinwas in 1826 acquired the last of the reserved Indian lands in the northeast. A portrait of the Indiana frontier about 1810 : The frontier was defined by the treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809, adding much of southwestern lands around Vincinnes and southeastern lands adjacent to Cincinnati, to areas along the Ohio River as part of U.S. territory. Settlements were military outposts, Fort Ouiatenon in the northwest and Fort Miami ( later Fort Wayne ) in the northeast, Fort Knox and Vincinnes settlement on the lower Wabash, Clarksville ( across from Louisville ), Vevay, and Corydon along the Ohio River, the Quaker Colony in Richmond on the eastern border, and Conner 's Post ( later Connersville ) on the east central frontier. Indianapolis would n't be a populated place for 15 more years, and central and northern Indiana Territory remained savage wilderness. Indian presence was waning, but still a threat to settlement. Only two counties, Clark and Dearborn in the extreme southeast, had been organized. Land titles issued out of Cincinnati were sparse. Migration was chiefly by flatboat on the Ohio River westerly, and wagon trails up the Wabash / White River Valleys ( west ) and Whitewater River Valleys ( east ). In 1810 the Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa encouraged other tribes in the territory to resist European settlement. Tensions rose and the US authorized Harrison to launch a preemptive expedition against Tecumseh 's Confederacy ; the US gained victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811. Tecumseh was killed in 1813 during the Battle of Thames. After his death, armed resistance to United States control ended in the region. Most Native American tribes in the state were later removed to west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s and 1830s after US negotiations and purchase of their lands. Statehood and settlement Indiana 's Capitol Building in Corydon served as the state 's seat of government from 1816 until 1825. In order to decrease the threat of Indian raids following the Battle of Tippecanoe, Corydon, a town in the far southern part of Indiana, was named the second capital of the Indiana Territory in May 1813. Two years later, a petition for statehood was approved by the territorial general assembly and sent to Congress. An Enabling Act was passed to provide an election of delegates to write a constitution for Indiana. On June 10, 1816, delegates assembled at Corydon to write the constitution, which was completed in 19 days. President James Madison approved Indiana 's admission into the union as the nineteenth state on December 11, 1816. In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to Indianapolis. Many European immigrants went west to settle in Indiana in the early 19th century. The largest immigrant group to settle in Indiana were Germans, as well as numerous immigrants from Ireland and England. Americans who were primarily ethnically English migrated from the Northern Tier of New York and New England, as well as the mid-Atlantic state of Pennsylvania. The arrival of steamboats on the Ohio River in 1811, and the National Road at Richmond in 1829 greatly facilitated settlement of northern and western Indiana. Following statehood, the new government worked to transform Indiana from a frontier into a developed, well - populated, and thriving state, beginning significant demographic and economic changes. The state 's founders initiated a program, Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act, that led to the construction of roads, canals, railroads and state - funded public schools. The plans bankrupted the state and were a financial disaster, but increased land and produce value more than fourfold. In response to the crisis and in order to avert another, in 1851, a second constitution was adopted. Among its provisions were a prohibition on public debt and extension of suffrage to African - Americans. Civil war Main article : Indiana in the American Civil War During the American Civil War, Indiana became politically influential and played an important role in the affairs of the nation. As the first western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, Indiana had soldiers participating in all of the major engagements. The state provided 126 infantry regiments, 26 batteries of artillery and 13 regiments of cavalry to the cause of the Union. In 1861 Indiana was assigned a quota of 7,500 men to join the Union Army. So many volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be turned away. Before the war ended, Indiana contributed 208,367 men to fight and serve in the war. Casualties were over 35 % among these men : 24,416 lost their lives in the conflict and over 50,000 more were wounded. The only Civil War conflicts in Indiana were the Newburgh Raid, a bloodless capture of Newburgh, Indiana, and the Battle of Corydon, which occurred during Morgan 's Raid and left 15 dead, 40 wounded, and 355 captured. This article is missing information about Civil War legacy and late 19th century industry. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. ( January 2015 ) Indiana remained a largely agricultural state ; post-war industries included food processing, such as milling grain, distilling it into alcohol, and meatpacking ; building of wagons, buggies, farm machinery, and hardware. Early 20th century Child laborers in glassworks, by Lewis Hine. Indiana, August 1908. With the onset of the industrial revolution, Indiana industry began to grow at an accelerated rate across the northern part of the state. With industrialization, workers developed labor unions and suffrage movements arose in relation to the progress of women. The Indiana Gas Boom led to rapid industrialization during the late 19th century by providing cheap fuel to the region. In the early 20th century, Indiana developed into a strong manufacturing state with ties to the new auto industry. Haynes - Apperson, the nation 's first commercially successful auto company, operated in Kokomo until 1925. The construction of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the start of auto - related industries were also related to the auto industry boom. During the 1930s, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the Great Depression. The economic downturn had a wide - ranging negative impact on Indiana, such as the decline of urbanization. The Dust Bowl further to the west resulted in many migrants fleeing into the more industrialized Midwest. Governor Paul V. McNutt 's administration struggled to build a state - funded welfare system to help the overwhelmed private charities. During his administration, spending and taxes were both cut drastically in response to the Depression, and the state government was completely reorganized. McNutt ended Prohibition in the state and enacted the state 's first income tax. On several occasions, he declared martial law to put an end to worker strikes. World War II helped lift the economy in Indiana, as the war required steel, food and other goods that were produced in the state. Roughly 10 percent of Indiana 's population joined the armed forces, while hundreds of industries earned war production contracts and began making war material. Indiana manufactured 4.5 percent of total United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking eighth among the 48 states. The expansion of industry to meet war demands helped end the Great Depression. Modern era With the conclusion of World War II, Indiana rebounded to levels of production before the Great Depression. Industry became the primary employer, a trend that continued into the 1960s. Urbanization during the 1950s and 1960s led to substantial growth in the state 's cities. The auto, steel and pharmaceutical industries topped Indiana 's major businesses. Indiana 's population continued to grow during the years after the war, exceeding five million by the 1970 census. In the 1960s the administration of Matthew E. Welsh adopted its first sales tax of two percent. Indiana schools were desegregated in 1949. In 1950, the Census Bureau reported Indiana 's population as 95.5 % white and 4.4 % black. Governor Welsh also worked with the General Assembly to pass the Indiana Civil Rights Bill, granting equal protection to minorities in seeking employment. Beginning in 1970, a series of amendments to the state constitution were proposed. With adoption, the Indiana Court of Appeals was created and the procedure of appointing justices on the courts was adjusted. The 1973 oil crisis created a recession that hurt the automotive industry in Indiana. Companies such as Delco Electronics and Delphi began a long series of downsizing that contributed to high unemployment rates in manufacturing in Anderson, Muncie, and Kokomo. The restructuring and deindustrialization trend continued until the 1980s, when the national and state economy began to diversify and recover. Geography Main article : Geography of Indiana Map of Indiana including major roads, municipalities, and water bodies. With a total area ( land and water ) of 36,418 square miles ( 94,320 km ), Indiana ranks as the 38th largest state in size. The state has a maximum dimension north to south of 250 miles ( 400 km ) and a maximum east to west dimension of 145 miles ( 233 km ). The state 's geographic center ( 39 ° 53.7'N, 86 ° 16.0 W ) is in Marion County. Located in the Midwestern United States, Indiana is one of eight states that make up the Great Lakes Region. Indiana is bordered on the north by Michigan, on the east by Ohio, and on the west by Illinois. Lake Michigan borders Indiana on the northwest and the Ohio River separates Indiana from Kentucky on the south. Geology and terrain See also : Paleontology in Indiana Rolling hills in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area of Hoosier National Forest, located in the Indiana Uplands. Indiana Dunes State Park in Chesterton. The average altitude of Indiana is about 760 feet ( 230 m ) above sea level. The highest point in the state is Hoosier Hill in Wayne County at 1,257 feet ( 383 m ) above sea level. The lowest point at 320 feet ( 98 m ) above sea level is located in Posey County, where the Wabash River meets the Ohio River. Only 2,850 square miles ( 7,400 km ) have an altitude greater than 1,000 feet ( 300 m ) and this area is enclosed within 14 counties. About 4,700 square miles ( 12,000 km ) have an elevation of less than 500 feet ( 150 m ), mostly concentrated along the Ohio and lower Wabash Valleys, from Tell City and Terre Haute to Evansville and Mount Vernon. The state includes two natural regions of the United States : the Central Lowlands and the Interior Low Plateaus. The till plains make up the northern and central regions of Indiana. Much of its appearance is a result of elements left behind by glaciers. Central Indiana is mainly flat with some low rolling hills ( except where rivers cut deep valleys through the plain, like at the Wabash River and Sugar Creek ) and soil composed of glacial sands, gravel and clay, which results in exceptional farmland. Northern Indiana is similar, except for the presence of higher and hillier terminal moraines and hundreds of kettle lakes. In northwest Indiana there are various sand ridges and dunes, some reaching nearly 200 feet in height. These are located along the Lake Michigan shoreline and also inland to the Kankakee Outwash Plain. Southern Indiana is characterized by valleys and rugged, hilly terrain, contrasting from much of the state. Here, bedrock is exposed at the surface and is n't buried in glacial till like further north. Because of the prevalent Indiana limestone, there are numerous caves, caverns, and quarries in the area. Hydrology See also : List of Indiana rivers, List of dams and reservoirs in Indiana, List of lakes in Indiana, and Watersheds of Indiana The Wabash River converges with the Ohio River at Posey County. Major river systems in Indiana include the Whitewater, White, Blue, Wabash, St. Joseph, and Maumee rivers. According to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, there were 65 rivers, streams, and creeks of environmental interest or scenic beauty, which included only a portion of an estimated 24,000 total river miles within the state. The Wabash River, which is the longest free - flowing river east of the Mississippi River, is the official river of Indiana. At 475 miles ( 764 km ) in length, the river bisects the state from northeast to southwest, forming part of the state 's border with Illinois, before converging with the Ohio River. The river has been the subject of several songs, such as On the Banks of the Wabash, The Wabash Cannonball and Back Home Again, In Indiana. There are about 900 lakes listed by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. To the northwest, Indiana borders Lake Michigan, one of five lakes comprising the Great Lakes, the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world. Tippecanoe Lake, the deepest lake in the state, reaches depths at nearly 120 feet ( 37 m ), while Lake Wawasee is the largest natural lake in Indiana. At 10,750 acres ( summer pool level ), Lake Monroe is the largest lake in Indiana. Climate Indiana map of Köppen climate classification, now showing half of the state as humid subtropical. Autumn in West Point ( 2010 ). A barn after a winter snow in Clinton County ( 2010 ). Indiana had a humid continental climate, with cold winters and hot, wet summers, with only the extreme southern portion of the state lying within the humid subtropical climate, which receives more precipitation than other parts of Indiana. However, as of the 2016 update, about half of the state is now humid subtropical. Temperatures generally diverge from the north and south sections of the state. In the middle of the winter, average high / low temperatures range from around 30 ° F / 15 ° F ( − 1 ° C / - 10 ° C ) in the far north to 41 ° F / 24 ° F ( 5 ° C / - 4 ° C ) in the far south. In the middle of summer there is generally a little less variation across the state, as average high / low temperatures range from around 84 ° F / 64 ° F ( 29 ° C / 18 ° C ) in the far north to 90 ° F / 69 ° F ( 32 ° C / 21 ° C ) in the far south. The record high temperature for the state was 116 ° F ( 47 ° C ) set on July 14, 1936 at Collegeville. The record low was − 36 ° F ( − 38 ° C ) on January 19, 1994 at New Whiteland. The growing season typically spans from 155 days in the north to 185 days in the south. While droughts occasionally occur in the state, rainfall totals are distributed relatively equally throughout the year. Precipitation totals range from 35 inches ( 89 cm ) near Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana to 45 inches ( 110 cm ) along the Ohio River in the south, while the state 's average is 40 inches ( 100 cm ). Annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, ranging from 80 inches ( 200 cm ) in the northwest along Lake Michigan to 14 inches ( 36 cm ) in the far south. Lake effect snow accounts for roughly half of the snowfall in northwest and north central Indiana due to the effects of the moisture and relative warmth of Lake Michigan upwind. The mean wind speed is 8 miles per hour ( 13 km / h ). In a 2012 report, Indiana was ranked eighth in a list of the top 20 tornado - prone states based on National Weather Service data from 1950 through 2011. A 2011 report ranked South Bend 15th among the top 20 tornado - prone cities in the United States, while another report from 2011 ranked Indianapolis eighth. Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not a part of tornado alley. Average Precipitation in Indiana Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annum 2.48 2.27 3.36 3.89 4.46 4.19 4.22 3.91 3.12 3.02 3.44 3.13 41.49 Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Indiana Location July ( ° F ) July ( ° C ) January ( ° F ) January ( ° C ) Indianapolis 85 / 66 29 / 19 35 / 20 2 / -- 6 Fort Wayne 84 / 62 29 / 17 32 / 17 0 / -- 8 Evansville 88 / 67 31 / 19 41 / 24 5 / -- 4 South Bend 83 / 63 28 / 17 32 / 18 0 / -- 8 Bloomington 87 / 65 30 / 18 39 / 21 4 / -- 6 Lafayette 84 / 62 29 / 17 31 / 14 -- 0 / -- 10 Muncie 85 / 64 29 / 18 34 / 19 1 / -- 7 Ecosystem See also : List of ecoregions in Indiana, List of butterflies and moths of Indiana, List of wildflowers in Indiana, and List of taxa described from Indiana This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( September 2017 ) Time zones Main article : Time in Indiana Indiana is one of thirteen U.S. states that are divided into more than one time zone. Indiana 's time zones have fluctuated over the past century. At present most of the state observes Eastern Time ; six counties near Chicago and six near Evansville observe Central Time. Debate continues on the matter. Before 2006, most of Indiana did not observe daylight saving time ( DST ). Some counties within this area, particularly Floyd, Clark, and Harrison counties near Louisville, Kentucky, and Ohio and Dearborn counties near Cincinnati, Ohio, unofficially observed DST by local custom. Since April 2006 the entire state observes DST. Indiana counties and statistical areas See also : List of counties in Indiana and Indiana statistical areas Indiana is divided into 92 counties. As of 2010, the state includes 16 metropolitan and 25 micropolitan statistical areas, 117 incorporated cities, 450 towns, and several other smaller divisions and statistical areas. Marion County and Indianapolis have a consolidated city - county government. Major cities See also : List of cities in Indiana and List of towns in Indiana Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana and its largest city. Indiana 's four largest metropolitan areas are Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, and South Bend. The table below lists the ten largest municipalities in the state based on the 2015 United States Census Estimate. Largest cities or towns in Indiana 2016 United States Census Bureau Estimate Rank Name County Pop. Indianapolis Fort Wayne Indianapolis Marion 855,164 Evansville South Bend Fort Wayne Allen 264,488 Evansville Vanderburgh 119,477 South Bend St. Joseph 101,735 5 Carmel Hamilton 91,065 6 Fishers Hamilton 90,127 7 Bloomington Monroe 84,465 8 Hammond Lake 77,134 9 Gary Lake 76,424 10 Lafayette Tippecanoe 71,782 Demographics Population Historical population Census Pop. % ± 1800 2,632 -- 1810 24,520 831.6 % 1820 147,178 500.2 % 1830 343,031 133.1 % 1840 685,866 99.9 % 1850 988,416 44.1 % 1860 1,350,428 36.6 % 1870 1,680,637 24.5 % 1880 1,978,301 17.7 % 1890 2,192,404 10.8 % 1900 2,516,462 14.8 % 1910 2,700,876 7.3 % 1920 2,930,390 8.5 % 1930 3,238,503 10.5 % 1940 3,427,796 5.8 % 1950 3,934,224 14.8 % 1960 4,662,498 18.5 % 1970 5,193,669 11.4 % 1980 5,490,224 5.7 % 1990 5,544,159 1.0 % 2000 6,080,485 9.7 % 6,483,802 6.6 % Est. 2017 6,666,818 2.8 % Source : 1910 -- 2010 2015 estimate The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Indiana was 6,619,680 on July 1, 2015, a 2.10 % increase since the 2010 United States Census, and estimates for 2017 put the population at 6,663,280. The state 's population density was 181.0 persons per square mile, the 16th highest in the United States. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Indiana 's population center is located northwest of Sheridan, in Hamilton County ( + 40.149246, - 086.259514 ). In 2005, 77.7 % of Indiana residents lived in metropolitan counties, 16.5 % lived in micropolitan counties and 5.9 % lived in non-core counties. Ancestry The racial makeup of the state ( based on the 2011 population estimate ) was : 86.8 % White American ( 81.3 % non-Hispanic white ) 9.4 % Black or African American 1.7 % Asian 1.7 % biracial or multi-racial 0.4 % Native American 0.1 % Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders. Hispanic or Latino of any race made up 6.2 % of the population. The Hispanic population is Indiana 's fastest - growing ethnic minority. 28.2 % of Indiana 's children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups ( note : children born to white hispanics are counted as minority group ). Indiana Racial Breakdown of Population hide Racial composition 1990 2000 White 90.6 % 87.5 % 84.3 % Black 7.8 % 8.4 % 9.1 % Asian 0.7 % 1.0 % 1.6 % Native 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.3 % Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander -- -- -- Other race 0.7 % 1.6 % 2.7 % Two or more races -- 1.2 % 2.0 % German is the largest ancestry reported in Indiana, with 22.7 % of the population reporting that ancestry in the Census. Persons citing American ( 12.0 % ) and English ancestry ( 8.9 % ) are also numerous, as are Irish ( 10.8 % ) and Polish ( 3.0 % ). Most of those citing American ancestry are actually of English descent, but have family that has been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early colonial era, that they identify simply as American. In the 1980 census 1,776,144 people claimed German ancestry, 1,356,135 claimed English ancestry and 1,017,944 claimed Irish ancestry out of a total population of 4,241,975 making the state 42 % German, 32 % English and 24 % Irish. Population growth Indiana population density map. Population growth since 1990 has been concentrated in the counties surrounding Indianapolis, with four of the top five fastest - growing counties in that area : Hamilton, Hendricks, Johnson, and Hancock. The other county is Dearborn County, which is near Cincinnati, Ohio. Hamilton County has also been the fastest - growing county in the area consisting of Indiana and its bordering states of Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Kentucky, and is the 20th fastest - growing county in the country. With a population of 829,817, Indianapolis is the largest city in Indiana and 12th largest in the United States, according to the 2010 Census. Three other cities in Indiana have a population greater than 100,000 : Fort Wayne ( 253,617 ), Evansville ( 117,429 ) and South Bend ( 101,168 ). Since 2000, Fishers has seen the largest population rise amongst the state 's 20 largest cities with an increase of 100 percent. Hammond and Gary have seen the largest population declines regarding the top 20 largest cities since 2000, with a decrease of 6.8 and 21.0 percent respectively. Other cities that have seen extensive growth since 2000 are Noblesville ( 39.4 percent ), Greenwood ( 81 percent ), Carmel ( 21.4 percent ) and Lawrence ( 9.3 percent ). Meanwhile, Evansville ( − 4.2 percent ), Anderson ( − 4 percent ) and Muncie ( − 3.9 percent ) are cities that have seen the steepest decline in population in the state. Indianapolis has largest population of the state 's metropolitan areas and 33rd largest in the country. The Indianapolis metropolitan area encompasses Marion County and nine surrounding counties in central Indiana. Note : Births in table do n't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. Live Births by Single Race / Ethnicity of Mother Race 2013 2014 2015 2016 White : 70,166 ( 84.4 % ) 70,967 ( 84.4 % ) 70,741 ( 84.1 % )... > Non-Hispanic White 63,820 ( 76.8 % ) 64,076 ( 76.2 % ) 63,472 ( 75.5 % ) 62,039 ( 74.7 % ) Black 10,445 ( 12.6 % ) 10,666 ( 12.7 % ) 10,656 ( 12.7 % ) 9,768 ( 11.8 % ) Asian 2,364 ( 2.8 % ) 2,322 ( 2.8 % ) 2,523 ( 3.0 % ) 2,426 ( 2.9 % ) American Indian 127 ( 0.1 % ) 125 ( 0.1 % ) 120 ( 0.1 % ) 85 ( 0.1 % ) Hispanic ( of any race ) 6,837 ( 8.2 % ) 7,239 ( 8.6 % ) 7,634 ( 9.1 % ) 7,442 ( 8.9 % ) Total Indiana 83,102 ( 100 % ) 84,080 ( 100 % ) 84,040 ( 100 % ) 83,091 ( 100 % ) Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group ; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Based on population estimates for 2011, 6.6 % of the state 's population is under the age of five, 24.5 % is under the age of 18, and 13.2 % is 65 years of age or older. From the 2010 U.S. Census demographic data for Indiana, the median age is 37.0 years. Median income See also : Indiana locations by per capita income Map of Indiana depicting the median household income by county. Data from 2014 ACS 5 - year Estimate report published by the US Census Bureau. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Indiana 's median household income was $44,616, ranking it 36th among the United States and the District of Columbia. In 2005, the median household income for Indiana residents was $43,993. Nearly 498,700 Indiana households had incomes from $50,000 to $74,999, accounting for 20 % of all households. Hamilton County 's median household income is nearly $35,000 higher than the Indiana average. At $78,932, it ranks seventh in the country among counties with less than 250,000 people. The next highest median incomes in Indiana are also found in the Indianapolis suburbs ; Hendricks County has a median of $57,538, followed by Johnson County at $56,251. Religion Indiana is home to the third largest population of Amish in the U.S. Religious affiliation in Indiana ( 2014 ) show Affiliation % of Indiana population Christianity 72 72 Protestant 52 52 Evangelical Protestant 31 31 Mainline Protestant 16 16 Black Protestant 5 5 Catholic 18 18 Mormon Orthodox 0.5 0.5 Jehovah 's Witnesses 0.5 0.5 Other Christianity 0.5 0.5 Judaism Islam 0.5 0.5 Buddhism 0.5 0.5 Hinduism 0.5 0.5 Other Faiths Unaffiliated 26 26 Do n't Know / No Answer 0.5 0.5 Total 100 100 Although the largest single religious denomination in the state is Catholic ( 747,706 members ), most of the population are members of various Protestant denominations. The largest Protestant denomination by number of adherents in 2010 was the United Methodist Church with 355,043. A study by the Graduate Center at the City University of New York found that 20 percent are Roman Catholic, 14 percent belong to different Baptist churches, 10 percent are other Christians, nine percent are Methodist, and six percent are Lutheran. The study found that 16 % of Indiana is affiliated with no religion. Indiana is home to the Benedictine St. Meinrad Archabbey, one of two Catholic archabbeys in the United States and one of 11 in the world. The Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod has one of its two seminaries in Fort Wayne. Two conservative denominations, the Free Methodist Church and the Wesleyan Church, have their headquarters in Indianapolis as does the Christian Church. The Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches maintains offices and publishing work in Winona Lake. Huntington serves as the home to the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Anderson is home to the headquarters of the Church of God. The headquarters of the Missionary Church is located in Fort Wayne. The Friends United Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, the largest branch of American Quakerism, is based in Richmond, which also houses the oldest Quaker seminary in the United States, the Earlham School of Religion. The Islamic Society of North America is headquartered in Plainfield. Language Spanish is the second-most - spoken language in Indiana, after English. Law and government Main article : Government of Indiana See also : United States congressional delegations from Indiana and Indiana 's congressional districts The Indiana Statehouse ( top ) houses the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of state government. The bicameral Indiana General Assembly consists of the Indiana Senate ( middle ) and Indiana House of Representatives ( bottom ). Indiana has a constitutional democratic republican form of government with three branches : the executive, including an elected governor and lieutenant governor ; the legislative, consisting of an elected bicameral General Assembly ; and the judicial, the Supreme Court of Indiana, the Indiana Court of Appeals and circuit courts. The Governor of Indiana serves as the chief executive of the state and has the authority to manage the government as established in the Constitution of Indiana. The governor and the lieutenant governor are jointly elected to four - year terms, with gubernatorial elections running concurrent with United States presidential elections ( 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, etc. ). The governor may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The governor works with the Indiana General Assembly and the Supreme Court of Indiana to govern the state and has the authority to adjust the other branches. Special sessions of the General Assembly can be called upon by the governor as well as have the power to select and remove leaders of nearly all state departments, boards and commissions. Other notable powers include calling out the Indiana Guard Reserve or the Indiana National Guard in times of emergency or disaster, issuing pardons or commuting the sentence of any criminal offenders except in cases of treason or impeachment and possessing an abundant amount of statutory authority. The lieutenant governor serves as the President of the Senate and is responsible for ensuring that the senate rules are acted in accordance with by its constituents. The lieutenant governor can only vote to break ties. If the governor dies in office, becomes permanently incapacitated, resigns or is impeached, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. If both the governor and lieutenant governor positions are unoccupied, the Senate President pro tempore becomes governor. The Indiana General Assembly is composed of a 50 - member Senate and 100 - member House of Representatives. The Senate is the upper house of the General Assembly and the House of Representatives is the lower house. The General Assembly has exclusive legislative authority within the state government. Both the Senate and House of Representatives can introduce legislation, with the exception that the Senate is not authorized to initiate legislation that will affect revenue. Bills are debated and passed separately in each house, but must be passed by both houses before they can be submitted to the Governor. The legislature can nullify a veto from the governor with a majority vote of full membership in the Senate and House of Representatives. Each law passed by the General Assembly must be used without exception to the entire state. The General Assembly has no authority to create legislation that targets only a particular community. The General Assembly can manage the state 's judiciary system by arranging the size of the courts and the bounds of their districts. It also can oversee the activities of the executive branch of the state government, has restricted power to regulate the county governments within the state, and has exclusive power to initiate the method to alter the Indiana Constitution. The Indiana Supreme Court is made up of five judges with a Court of Appeals composed of 15 judges. The governor selects judges for the supreme and appeal courts from a group of applicants chosen by a special commission. After serving for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10 - year term. In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction and can only hear cases that are petitioned to the court following being heard in lower courts. Local circuit courts are where the majority of cases begin with a trial and the consequence decided by the jury. The Supreme Court does have original and sole jurisdiction in certain specific areas including the practice of law, discipline or disbarment of Judges appointed to the lower state courts, and supervision over the exercise of jurisdiction by the other lower courts of the State. The state is divided into 92 counties, which are led by a board of county commissioners. 90 counties in Indiana have their own circuit court with a judge elected for a six - year term. The remaining two counties, Dearborn and Ohio, are combined into one circuit. Many counties operate superior courts in addition to the circuit court. In densely populated counties where the caseload is traditionally greater, separate courts have been established to solely hear either juvenile, criminal, probate or small claims cases. The establishment, frequency and jurisdiction of these additional courts varies greatly from county to county. There are 85 city and town courts in Indiana municipalities, created by local ordinance, typically handling minor offenses and not considered courts of record. County officials that are elected to four - year terms include an auditor, recorder, treasurer, sheriff, coroner and clerk of the circuit court. All incorporated cities in Indiana have a mayor and council form of municipal government. Towns are governed by a town council and townships are governed by a township trustee and advisory board. U.S. News & World Report ranked Indiana first in the publication 's inaugural 2017 Best States for Government listing. Among individual categories, Indiana ranked above average in budget transparency ( # 1 ), government digitization ( # 6 ), and fiscal stability ( # 8 ), and ranked average in state integrity ( # 25 ). Politics Main article : Politics of Indiana See also : Political party strength in Indiana Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election. From 1880 to 1924, a resident of Indiana was included in all but one presidential election. Indiana Representative William Hayden English was nominated for Vice President and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock in the 1880 election. In 1884 former Indiana Governor Thomas A. Hendricks was elected Vice President of the United States. He served until his death on November 25, 1885, under President Grover Cleveland. In 1888 former Senator from Indiana Benjamin Harrison was elected President of the United States and served one term. He remains the only U.S. President from Indiana. Indiana Senator Charles W. Fairbanks was elected Vice President in 1904, serving under President Theodore Roosevelt until 1909. Fairbanks made another run for Vice President with Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, but they both lost to Woodrow Wilson and former Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall, who served as Vice President from 1913 until 1921. Not until 1988 did another presidential election involve a native of Indiana, when Senator Dan Quayle was elected Vice President and served one term with George H.W. Bush. Governor Mike Pence was elected Vice President in 2016, to serve with Donald Trump. Indiana has long been considered to be a Republican stronghold, particularly in Presidential races. The Cook Partisan Voting Index ( CPVI ) now rates Indiana as R + 9. Indiana was one of only ten states to support Republican Wendell Willkie in 1940. On 14 occasions has the Republican candidate defeated the Democrat by a double - digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state by more than 20 %. In 2000 and 2004 George W. Bush won the state by a wide margin while the election was much closer overall. The state has only supported a Democrat for president five times since 1900. In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democrat to win the state with 43 % of the vote. Twenty years later, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the state with 55 % of the vote over incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt won the state again in 1936. In 1964, 56 % of voters supported Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over Republican Barry Goldwater. Forty - four years later, Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state against John McCain 50 % to 49 %. In the following election, Republican Mitt Romney won back the state for the Republican party with 54 % of the vote over the incumbent President Obama who won 43 %. Presidential elections results Year Republican Democratic 2016 56.82 % 1,557,286 37.91 % 1,033,126 2012 54.13 % 1,420,543 43.93 % 1,152,887 2008 48.91 % 1,345,648 49.95 % 1,374,039 59.94 % 1,479,438 39.26 % 969,011 2000 56.65 % 1,245,836 41.01 % 901,980 47.1 % 1,006,693 41.6 % 887,424 42.9 % 989,375 36.8 % 848,420 59.8 % 1,297,763 39.7 % 860,643 1984 61.7 % 1,377,230 37.7 % 841,481 1980 56.0 % 1,255,656 37.7 % 844,197 While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats were elected governor during that time. Before Mitch Daniels became governor in 2005, Democrats had held the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The state has 11 electoral votes in presidential elections. Seven of the districts favor the Republican Party according to the CPVI rankings ; there are currently seven Republicans serving as representatives and two Democrats. Historically, Republicans have been strongest in the eastern and central portions of the state, while Democrats have been strongest in the northwestern part of the state. Occasionally, certain counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. Marion County, Indiana 's most populous county, supported the Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before backing the Democrats in the 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 elections. Indiana 's second most populous county, Lake County, strongly supports the Democratic party and has not voted for a Republican since 1972. In 2005, the Bay Area Center for Voting Research rated the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential election, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000. Five Indiana cities were mentioned in the study. On the liberal side, Gary was ranked second and South Bend came in at 83. Among conservative cities, Fort Wayne was 44th, Evansville was 60th and Indianapolis was 82nd on the list. Military installations Members of the Indiana National Guard at the Muscatatuck Urban Training Center near Butlerville. Indiana is home to several current and former military installations. The largest of these is the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, located approximately 25 miles southwest of Bloomington, which is the third largest naval installation in the world, comprising approximately 108 square miles of territory. Other active installations include Air National Guard fighter units at Fort Wayne, and Terre Haute airports ( to be consolidated at Fort Wayne under the 2005 BRAC proposal, with the Terre Haute facility remaining open as a non-flying installation ). The Army National Guard conducts operations at Camp Atterbury in Edinburgh, Indiana, helicopter operations out of Shelbyville Airport and urban training at Muscatatuck Urban Training Center. The Army 's Newport Chemical Depot, which is now closed and turning into a coal purifier plant. Indiana was formerly home to two major military installations ; Grissom Air Force Base near Peru ( realigned to an Air Force Reserve installation in 1994 ) and Fort Benjamin Harrison near Indianapolis, now closed, though the Department of Defense continues to operate a large finance center there ( Defense Finance and Accounting Service ). Culture Arts This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( September 2017 ) Sports Main article : Sports in Indiana Motorsports Play media The 2008 Indianapolis 500, the 92nd running of the race. Indiana has an extensive history with auto racing. Indianapolis hosts the Indianapolis 500 mile race over Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway every May. The name of the race is usually shortened to `` Indy 500 '' and also goes by the nickname `` The Greatest Spectacle in Racing. '' The race attracts over 250,000 people every year making it the largest single day sporting event in the world. The track also hosts the Brickyard 400 ( NASCAR ) and the Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix. From 2000 to 2007, it hosted the United States Grand Prix ( Formula One ). Indiana features the world 's largest and most prestigious drag race, the NHRA Mac Tools U.S. Nationals, held each Labor Day weekend at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis in Clermont, Indiana. Indiana is also host to two major unlimited hydroplane racing power boat race circuits in the major H1 Unlimited league : Thunder on the Ohio ( Evansville, Indiana ) and the Madison Regatta ( Madison, Indiana ). Professional sports The Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League have been based in the state since 1984. As of 2013 Indiana has produced more National Basketball Association ( NBA ) players per capita than any other state. Muncie has produced the most per capita of any American city, with two other Indiana cities in the top ten. It has a rich basketball heritage that reaches back to the formative years of the sport itself. The Indiana Pacers of the NBA play their home games at Bankers Life Fieldhouse ; they began play in 1967 in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and joined the NBA when the leagues merged in 1976. Although James Naismith developed basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1891, Indiana is where high school basketball was born. In 1925, Naismith visited an Indiana basketball state finals game along with 15,000 screaming fans and later wrote `` Basketball really had its origin in Indiana, which remains the center of the sport. '' The 1986 film Hoosiers is inspired by the story of the 1954 Indiana state champions Milan High School. Professional basketball player Larry Bird was born in West Baden Springs and was raised in French Lick. He went on to lead the Boston Celtics to the NBA championship in 1981, 1984, and 1986. Indianapolis is home to the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts are members of the South Division of the American Football Conference. The Colts have roots back to 1913 as the Dayton Triangles. They became an official team after moving to Baltimore, MD, in 1953. In 1984, the Colts relocated to Indianapolis, leading to an eventual rivalry with the Baltimore Ravens. After calling the RCA Dome home for 25 years, the Colts currently play their home games at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. While in Baltimore, the Colts won the 1970 Super Bowl. In Indianapolis, the Colts won Super Bowl XLI, bringing the franchise total to two. In recent years the Colts have regularly competed in the NFL playoffs. Professional teams The following table shows the professional sports teams in Indiana. Teams in italic are in major professional leagues. Club Sport League Venue ( capacity ) Indianapolis Colts American football National Football League Lucas Oil Stadium ( 62,400 ) Indiana Pacers Basketball National Basketball Association Bankers Life Fieldhouse ( 18,165 ) Evansville Otters Baseball Frontier League Bosse Field ( 5,181 ) Evansville Thunderbolts Ice hockey Southern Professional Hockey League Ford Center ( 9,000 ) Fort Wayne Komets Ice hockey ECHL Allen County War Memorial Coliseum ( 10,480 ) Fort Wayne Mad Ants Basketball NBA G League War Memorial Coliseum ( 13,000 ) Fort Wayne TinCaps Baseball Midwest League Parkview Field ( 8,100 ) Gary SouthShore RailCats Baseball American Association U.S. Steel Yard ( 6,139 ) Indy Eleven Soccer United Soccer League Lucas Oil Stadium ( 62,400 ) Indiana Fever Basketball Women 's National Basketball Association Bankers Life Fieldhouse ( 18,165 ) Indy Fuel Ice hockey ECHL Fairgrounds Coliseum ( 6,300 ) Indianapolis Indians Baseball International League ( AAA ) Victory Field ( 14,230 ) South Bend Cubs Baseball Midwest League Four Winds Field ( 5,000 ) The following is a table of sports venues in Indiana that have a capacity in excess of 30,000 : Facility Capacity Municipality Tenants Indianapolis Motor Speedway 257,325 Speedway Indianapolis 500 Grand Prix of Indianapolis Brantley Gilbert Big Machine Brickyard 400 Lilly Diabetes 250 Notre Dame Stadium 84,000 Notre Dame Notre Dame Fighting Irish football Lucas Oil Stadium 62,421 Indianapolis Indianapolis Colts Indy Eleven Ross -- Ade Stadium 57,236 West Lafayette Purdue Boilermakers football Memorial Stadium 52,929 Bloomington Indiana Hoosiers football College athletics See also : Hoosier Hysteria Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall, home to Indiana Hoosiers men 's basketball. Notre Dame Stadium, home to Notre Dame Fighting Irish football. Indiana has had great sports success at the collegiate level. In men 's basketball, the Indiana Hoosiers have won five NCAA national championships and 22 Big Ten Conference championships. The Purdue Boilermakers were selected as the national champions in 1932 before the creation of the tournament, and have won 23 Big Ten championships. The Boilermakers along with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have both won a national championship in women 's basketball. In college football, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have won 11 consensus national championships, as well as the Rose Bowl Game, Cotton Bowl Classic, Orange Bowl and Sugar Bowl. Meanwhile, the Purdue Boilermakers have won 10 Big Ten championships and have won the Rose Bowl and Peach Bowl. Schools fielding NCAA Division I athletic programs include : Ball State Cardinals Butler Bulldogs Evansville Purple Aces Indiana Hoosiers Indiana State Sycamores Fort Wayne Mastodons IUPUI Jaguars Notre Dame Fighting Irish Purdue Boilermakers Valparaiso Crusaders Economy and infrastructure Main article : Economy of Indiana Lake Michigan 's beaches, popular with tourists, are juxtaposed with heavy industry. Indiana is the fifth largest corn - producing state in the U.S., with over 1 billion bushels harvested in 2013. In 2017, Indiana had a civilian labor force of nearly 3.4 million, the 15th largest in the U.S. Indiana has an unemployment rate of 3.4 percent, lower than the national average. The total gross state product in 2016 was $347.2 billion. A high percentage of Indiana 's income is from manufacturing. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, nearly 17 percent of the state 's non-farm workforce is employed in manufacturing, the highest of any state in the U.S. The state 's five leading exports were motor vehicles and auto parts, pharmaceutical products, industrial machinery, optical and medical equipment, and electric machinery. Despite its reliance on manufacturing, Indiana has been less affected by declines in traditional Rust Belt manufactures than many of its neighbors. The explanation appears to be certain factors in the labor market. First, much of the heavy manufacturing, such as industrial machinery and steel, requires highly skilled labor, and firms are often willing to locate where hard - to - train skills already exist. Second, Indiana 's labor force is located primarily in medium - sized and smaller cities rather than in very large and expensive metropolises. This makes it possible for firms to offer somewhat lower wages for these skills than would normally be paid. Firms often see in Indiana a chance to obtain higher than average skills at lower than average wages. Business In 2016, Indiana was home to seven Fortune 500 companies with a combined $142.5 billion in revenue. Columbus - based Cummins, Inc. and Indianapolis - based Eli Lilly and Company and Simon Property Group were recognized in Fortune publication 's `` 2017 World 's Most Admired Companies List, '' ranking in each of their respective industries. Northwest Indiana has been the largest steel producing center in the U.S. since 1975 and accounted for 27 percent of American - made steel in 2016. Indiana is home to the international headquarters and research facilities of pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly in Indianapolis, the state 's largest corporation, as well as the world headquarters of Mead Johnson Nutritionals in Evansville. Overall, Indiana ranks fifth among all U.S. states in total sales and shipments of pharmaceutical products and second highest in the number of biopharmaceutical related jobs. Indiana is located within the U.S. Corn Belt and Grain Belt. The state has a feedlot - style system raising corn to fatten hogs and cattle. Along with corn, soybeans are also a major cash crop. Its proximity to large urban centers, such as Indianapolis and Chicago, assure that dairying, egg production, and specialty horticulture occur. Other crops include melons, tomatoes, grapes, mint, popping corn, and tobacco in the southern counties. Most of the original land was not prairie and had to be cleared of deciduous trees. Many parcels of woodland remain and support a furniture - making sector in the southern portion of the state. In 2011 Indiana was ranked first in the Midwest and sixth in the country for best places to do business according to CEO magazine. State budget See also : Taxation in Indiana Indiana does not have a legal requirement to balance the state budget either in law or its constitution. Instead, it has a constitutional ban on assuming debt. The state has a Rainy Day Fund and for healthy reserves proportional to spending. Indiana is one of six US states to not allow a line - item veto. Indiana has a flat state income tax rate of 3.23 %. Many of the state 's counties also collect income tax. The state sales tax rate is 7 % with exemptions for food, prescription medications and over-the - counter medications. In some jurisdictions, an additional Food and Beverage Tax is charged, at a rate of 1 % ( Marion County 's rate is 2 % ), on sales of prepared meals and beverages. Property taxes are imposed on both real and personal property in Indiana and are administered by the Department of Local Government Finance. Property is subject to taxation by a variety of taxing units ( schools, counties, townships, municipalities, and libraries ), making the total tax rate the sum of the tax rates imposed by all taxing units in which a property is located. However, a `` circuit breaker '' law enacted on March 19, 2008 limits property taxes to 1 % of assessed value for homeowners, 2 % for rental properties and farmland, and 3 % for businesses. In Fiscal year 2011, Indiana reported one of the largest surpluses among U.S states, with an extra $1.2 billion in its accounts. Gov. Mitch Daniels authorized bonus payments of up to $1,000 for state employees on Friday, July 15, 2011. An employee who `` meets expectations '' will get $500. Those who `` exceed expectations '' will receive $750, and `` outstanding workers '' will see an extra $1,000 in their August paychecks. Since 2010, Indiana has been one of a few states to hold AAA bond credit ratings with the Big Three credit rating agencies, the highest possible rating. Energy Further information : List of Generating Stations in Indiana Coal - fired electric plants, like Clifty Creek Power Plant in Madison, produce about 85 percent of Indiana 's energy supply. Indiana 's power production chiefly consists of the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly coal. Indiana has 24 coal power plants, including the largest coal power plant in the United States, Gibson Generating Station, located across the Wabash River from Mount Carmel, Illinois. Indiana is also home to the coal - fired plant with the highest sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States, the Gallagher power plant just west of New Albany. The state has an estimated coal reserves of 57 billion tons ; state mining operations produces 35 million tons of coal annually. Indiana also possesses at least 900 million barrels of petroleum reserves in the Trenton Field, though not easily recoverable. While Indiana has made commitments to increasing use of renewable resources such as wind, hydroelectric, biomass, or solar power, however, progress has been very slow, mainly because of the continued abundance of coal in Southern Indiana. Most of the new plants in the state have been coal gasification plants. Another source is hydroelectric power. Wind power is now being developed. New estimates in 2006 raised the wind capacity for Indiana from 30 MW at 50 m turbine height to 40,000 MW at 70 m, and to 130,000 MW at 100 m, in 2010, the height of newer turbines. As of the end of 2011, Indiana has installed 1,340 MW of wind turbines. Transportation Airports See also : List of airports in Indiana Indianapolis International Airport serves the greater Indianapolis area and has finished constructing a new passenger terminal. The new airport opened in November 2008 and offers a new midfield passenger terminal, concourses, air traffic control tower, parking garage, and airfield and apron improvements. Other major airports include Evansville Regional Airport, Fort Wayne International Airport ( which houses the 122d Fighter Wing of the Air National Guard ), and South Bend International Airport. A long - standing proposal to turn Gary Chicago International Airport into Chicago 's third major airport received a boost in early 2006 with the approval of $48 million in federal funding over the next ten years. The Terre Haute Regional Airport has no airlines operating out of the facility but is used for private flying. Since 1954, the 181st Fighter Wing of the Indiana Air National Guard has been stationed at the airport. However, the Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) Proposal of 2005 stated that the 181st would lose its fighter mission and F - 16 aircraft, leaving the Terre Haute facility as a general - aviation only facility. The southern part of the state is also served by the Louisville International Airport across the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky. The southeastern part of the state is served by the Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky International Airport also across the Ohio River in Hebron, Kentucky. Most residents of Northwest Indiana, which is primarily in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, use the two Chicago airports, O'Hare International Airport and Chicago Midway International Airport. Highways The Interstate 69 extension project in Monroe County. The major U.S. Interstate highways in Indiana are Interstate 64 ( I - 64 ), I - 65, I - 265, I - 465, I - 865, I - 69, I - 469, I - 70, I - 74, I - 80, I - 90, I - 94, and I - 275. The various highways intersecting in and around Indianapolis, along with its historical status as a major railroad hub, and the canals that once crossed Indiana, are the source of the state 's motto, the Crossroads of America. There are also many U.S. routes and state highways maintained by the Indiana Department of Transportation. These are numbered according to the same convention as U.S. Highways. Indiana allows highways of different classifications to have the same number. For example, I - 64 and Indiana State Road 64 both exist ( rather close to each other ) in Indiana, but are two distinct roads with no relation to one another. A $3 billion project extending I - 69 is currently underway. The project was divided into six sections, with the first four sections ( linking Evansville to Bloomington ) now complete. The fifth section ( between Bloomington and Martinsville ) is currently under construction, while the sixth and final phase to Indianapolis is in planning. When complete, I - 69 will traverse an additional 142 miles ( 229 km ) through the state. County roads Most Indiana counties use a grid - based system to identify county roads ; this system replaced the older arbitrary system of road numbers and names, and ( among other things ) makes it much easier to identify the sources of calls placed to the 9 - 1 - 1 system. Such systems are easier to implement in the glacially flattened northern and central portions of the state. Rural counties in the southern third of the state are less likely to have grids and more likely to rely on unsystematic road names ( e.g., Crawford, Harrison, Perry, Scott, and Washington Counties ). There are also counties in the northern portions of the state that have never implemented a grid, or have only partially implemented one. Some counties are also laid out in an almost diamond - like grid system ( e.g., Clark, Floyd, Gibson, and Knox Counties ). Such a system is also almost useless in those situations as well. Knox County once operated two different grid systems for county roads because the county was laid out using two different survey grids, but has since decided to use road names and combine roads instead. Notably, the county road grid system of St. Joseph County, whose major city is South Bend, uses perennial ( tree ) names ( i.e. Ash, Hickory, Ironwood, etc. ) in alphabetical order for North - South roads and Presidential and other noteworthy names ( i.e., Adams, Edison, Lincoln Way, etc. ) in alphabetical order for East - West roads. There are exceptions to this rule in downtown South Bend and Mishawaka. Hamilton county just continues the numbered street system from Downtown Indianapolis from 96th Street at the Marion County line to 296th street at the Tipton County line. Rail A South Shore commuter train in Michigan City. Indiana has more than 4,255 railroad route miles, of which 91 percent are operated by Class I railroads, principally CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway. Other Class I railroads in Indiana include the Canadian National Railway and Soo Line Railroad, a Canadian Pacific Railway subsidiary, as well as Amtrak. The remaining miles are operated by 37 regional, local, and switching and terminal railroads. The South Shore Line is one of the country 's most notable commuter rail systems, extending from Chicago to South Bend. Indiana is currently implementing an extensive rail plan that was prepared in 2002 by the Parsons Corporation. Many recreational trails, such as the Monon Trail and Cardinal Greenway, have been created from abandoned rails routes. Ports Barges are a common sight along the Ohio River. Ports of Indiana manages three maritime ports in the state, two located on the Ohio. Indiana annually ships over 70 million tons of cargo by water each year, which ranks 14th among all U.S. states. More than half of Indiana 's border is water, which includes 400 miles ( 640 km ) of direct access to two major freight transportation arteries : the Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Seaway ( via Lake Michigan ) and the Inland Waterway System ( via the Ohio River ). The Ports of Indiana manages three major ports which include Burns Harbor, Jeffersonville, and Mount Vernon. In Evansville, three public and several private port facilities receive year - round service from five major barge lines operating on the Ohio River. Evansville has been a U.S. Customs Port of Entry for more than 125 years. Because of this, it is possible to have international cargo shipped to Evansville in bond. The international cargo can then clear Customs in Evansville rather than a coastal port. Education See also : List of colleges and universities in Indiana Indiana University Bloomington ( top ) and Purdue University ( bottom ). Both public university systems enroll 114,160 and 67,596 students, respectively. Indiana 's 1816 constitution was the first in the country to implement a state - funded public school system. It also allotted one township for a public university. However, the plan turned out to be far too idealistic for a pioneer society, as tax money was not accessible for its organization. In the 1840s, Caleb Mills pressed the need for tax - supported schools, and in 1851 his advice was included in the new state constitution. Although the growth of the public school system was held up by legal entanglements, many public elementary schools were in use by 1870. Most children in Indiana attend public schools, but nearly 10 % attend private schools and parochial schools. About one - half of all college students in Indiana are enrolled in state - supported four - year schools. The largest educational institution is Indiana University, the flagship campus of which was endorsed as Indiana Seminary in 1820. Indiana State University was established as the state 's Normal School in 1865 ; Purdue University was chartered as a land - grant college in 1869. The three other independent state universities are Vincennes University ( Founded in 1801 by the Indiana Territory ), Ball State University ( 1918 ) and University of Southern Indiana ( 1965 as ISU -- Evansville ). The University of Notre Dame contains an endowment of $11.8 billion, the largest in Indiana. Many of the private colleges and universities in Indiana are affiliated with religious groups. The University of Notre Dame, Marian University, and the University of Saint Francis are popular Roman Catholic schools. Universities affiliated with Protestant denominations include Anderson University, Butler University, Indiana Wesleyan University, Taylor University, Franklin College, Hanover College, DePauw University, Earlham College, Valparaiso University, University of Indianapolis, and University of Evansville. The state 's community college system, Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, serves nearly 200,000 students annually, making it the state 's largest public post-secondary educational institution and the nation 's largest singly accredited statewide community college system. In 2008, the Indiana University system agreed to shift most of its associate ( 2 - year ) degrees to the Ivy Tech Community College System. The state has several universities ranked among the best in 2013 rankings of the U.S. News & World Report. The University of Notre Dame is ranked among the top 20, with Indiana University Bloomington and Purdue University ranking in the top 100. Indiana University -- Purdue University Indianapolis ( IUPUI ) has recently made it into the top 200 U.S. News & World Report rankings. Butler, Valparaiso, and the University of Evansville are ranked among the top ten in the Regional University Midwest Rankings. Purdue 's engineering programs are ranked eighth in the country. In addition, Taylor University is ranked first in the Regional College Midwest Rankings and Rose - Hulman Institute of Technology has been considered the top Undergraduate Engineering school ( where a doctorate is not offered ) for 15 consecutive years. See also Indiana portal Index of Indiana - related articles Outline of Indiana -- organized list of topics about Indiana References Jump up ^ `` Population and Housing Unit Estimates ''. U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Median Annual Household Income ''. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016. ^ Jump up to : `` Elevations and Distances in the United States ''. United States Geological Survey. 2001. Retrieved October 21, 2011. ^ Jump up to : Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Jump up ^ https://www.wthr.com/article/lightning-bug-becomes-indianas-official-state-insect Jump up ^ William Vincent D'Antonio ; Robert L. Beck. `` Indiana -- Settlement patterns and demographic trends ''. eb.com. Retrieved January 3, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Gross Domestic Product by State ''. bea.gov. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. May 11, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017. Jump up ^ An earlier use of the name dates to the 1760s, when it referenced a tract of land under control of the Commonwealth of Virginia, but the area 's name was discarded when it became a part of that state. See Hodgin, Cyrus ( 1903 ). `` The Naming of Indiana '' ( pdf transcription ). Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society. Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society. 1 ( 1 ) : 3 -- 11. Retrieved January 23, 2014. Jump up ^ A portion of the Northwest Territory 's eastern section became the state of Ohio in 1803. The Michigan Territory was established in 1805 from part of the Indiana Territory 's northern lands and four years later, in 1809, the Illinois counties were separated from the Indiana Territory to create the Illinois Territory. See John D. Barnhart ; Dorothy L. Riker ( 1971 ). Indiana to 1816 : The Colonial Period. The History of Indiana. I. Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society. pp. 311 -- 13,337, 353, 355, and 432. Jump up ^ Stewart, George R. ( 1967 ) ( 1945 ). Names on the Land : A Historical Account of Place - Naming in the United States ( Sentry edition ( 3rd ) ed. ). Houghton Mifflin. p. 191. Jump up ^ Hodgin, Cyrus ( 1903 ). `` The Naming of Indiana '' ( pdf transcriptionaccessdate = 2014 - 1 - 16 ). Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society. Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society. 1 ( 1 ) : 3 -- 11. Jump up ^ Groppe, Maureen. `` Finally, the federal government agrees : We 're Hoosiers ''. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 12. Jump up ^ Haller, Steve ( Fall 2008 ). `` The Meanings of Hoosier : 175 Years and Counting '' ( PDF ). Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Society. 20 ( 4 ) : 5 and 6. ISSN 1040 - 788X. Retrieved January 23, 2014. Jump up ^ Graf, Jeffery. `` The Word Hoosier ''. Indiana University -- Bloomington. Retrieved February 27, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Prehistoric Indians of Indiana '' ( PDF ). State of Indiana. Retrieved July 5, 2009. Jump up ^ Allison, p. 17. Jump up ^ Brill, p. 31 -- 32. ^ Jump up to : `` Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ''. State of Indiana. Retrieved July 24, 2009. Jump up ^ Brill, p. 33. ^ Jump up to : `` Government at Crossroads : An Indiana chronology ''. The Herald Bulletin. January 5, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2009. Jump up ^ Brill, p. 35. Jump up ^ Brill, pp. 36 -- 37. Jump up ^ `` Corydon Capitol State Historic Site ''. Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites. Retrieved September 1, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` The History of Indiana ''. History. Retrieved July 26, 2009. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Vanderstel, David G. `` The 1851 Indiana Constitution by David G. Vanderstel ''. State of Indiana. Retrieved July 24, 2009. Jump up ^ Funk, pp. 23 -- 24, 163. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, p. 156. Jump up ^ Funk, pp. 3 -- 4. Jump up ^ Foote, Shelby ( 1974 ). The Civil War ; a Narrative, Red River to Appomattox. Random House. pp. 343 -- 344. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, p. 202. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, p. 13. Jump up ^ Brill, p. 47. Jump up ^ Branson, Ronald. `` Paul V. McNutt ''. County History Preservation Society. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved July 26, 2009. ^ Jump up to : Pell, p. 31. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, p. 350. Jump up ^ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process : An Economic Analysis ( 1962 ) Harvard Business School p. 111 Jump up ^ Haynes, Kingsley E. ; Machunda, Zachary B ( 1987 ). Economic Geography. pp. 319 -- 333. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, p. 382. Jump up ^ `` Indiana - Race and Hispanic Origin : 1800 to 1990 ''. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2012. Jump up ^ Gray 1995, pp. 391 -- 392. Jump up ^ Indiana Historical Bureau. `` History and Origins ''. Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2009. Jump up ^ Singleton, Christopher J. `` Auto industry jobs in the 1980s : a decade of transition '' ( PDF ). United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved July 28, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` Profile of the People and Land of the United States ''. National Atlas of the United States. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012. Jump up ^ Moore, p. 11. ^ Jump up to : `` The Geography of Indiana ''. Netstate. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ `` NOAA 's Great Lakes Region ''. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 25, 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` Indiana ''. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Funk & Wagnalls. Jump up ^ Meredith, Robyn ( March 7, 1997 ). `` Big - Shouldered River Swamps Indiana Town ''. The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2009. Jump up ^ Logan, Cumings, Malott, Visher, Tucker & Reeves, p. 82 Jump up ^ Pell, p. 56. Jump up ^ Moore, p. 13. Jump up ^ Logan, Cumings, Malott, Visher, Tucker & Reeves, p. 70 Jump up ^ Logan, William N. ; Edgar Roscoe Cumings ; Clyde Arnett Malott ; Stephen Sargent Visher ; et al. ( 1922 ). Handbook of Indiana Geology. Indiana Department of Conservation. p. 257. Jump up ^ `` Information Bulletin # 4 ( Second Amendment ), Outstanding Rivers List for Indiana '' ( PDF ). Natural Resources Commission. May 30, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2012. Jump up ^ Boyce, Brian ( August 29, 2009 ). `` Terre Haute 's Top 40 : From a trickle in Ohio to the Valley 's signature waterway, the Wabash River is forever a part of Terre Haute ''. Tribune - Star. Retrieved September 24, 2009. Jump up ^ Jerse, Dorothy ( March 4, 2006 ). `` Looking Back : Gov. Bayh signs bill making Wabash the official state river in 1996 ''. Tribune - Star. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2009. Jump up ^ Ozick, Cynthia ( November 9, 1986 ). `` Miracle on Grub street ; Stockholm ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ Fantel, Hans ( October 14, 1984 ). `` Sound ; CDs make their mark on the Wabash Valley ''. The New York Times. Jump up ^ `` INDIANA LAKES LISTING '' ( PDF ). Retrieved January 26, 2015. Jump up ^ Leider, Polly ( January 26, 2006 ). `` A Town With Backbone : Warsaw, Ind ''. CBS News. Retrieved September 29, 2009. Jump up ^ Bridges, David ( November 28, 2007 ). `` Life in Indiana -- Telegraph Mentor ''. The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved July 4, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` NWS Climate Data ''. NWS. Retrieved December 23, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Indiana -- Climate ''. City-Data.com. Retrieved July 4, 2009. Jump up ^ Engineering Analysis Inc. ( April 12, 2012 ). `` Mississippi Remains # 1 Among Top Twenty Tornado - Prone States ''. mindspring.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ Engineering Analysis Inc. ( October 28, 2011 ). `` Six States Contain Twelve of the Top Twenty Tornado - Prone Cities ( revised version ) ''. mindspring.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ Kellogg, Becky ( March 8, 2011 ). `` Tornado Expert Ranks Top Tornado Cities ''. The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ In an earlier 2008 report, Indiana was listed as one of the most tornado - prone states in the United States, ranking sixth, while South Bend was ranked the 14th most tornado - prone city in the country, ahead of cities such as Houston, Texas, and Wichita, Kansas. See Mecklenburg, Rick ( May 1, 2008 ). `` Is Indiana the new Tornado Alley ? ''. SouthBendTribune.com. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ In a published list of the most tornado - prone states and cities in April 2008, Indiana came in first and South Bend ranked 16th. See Henderson, Mark ( May 2, 2008 ). `` Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced ''. WIFR. Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2009. Jump up ^ Henderson, Mark ( May 2, 2008 ). `` Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced ''. WIFR. Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Climate Facts ''. Indiana State Climate Office. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Indiana climate averages ''. Weatherbase. Retrieved November 12, 2015. ^ Jump up to : `` Guide to 2010 Census State and Local Geography - Indiana ''. U.S. Census Bureau. April 21, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ A 2008 news report indicated there were 13 metropolitan areas in Indiana. See Dresang, Joel ( July 30, 2008 ). `` Automaking down, unemployment up ''. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 14, 2009. Jump up ^ Indiana 's territorial capitals were Vincennes and later Corydon, which also became Indiana 's first state capital when it became a state. Jump up ^ `` Indiana ''. Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business. Retrieved August 14, 2012. Jump up ^ `` American FactFinder ''. census.gov. Retrieved March 5, 2016. Jump up ^ Resident Population Data. `` Resident Population Data -- 2010 Census ''. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico : April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 ''. U.S. Census Bureau. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original ( CSV ) on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015. Jump up ^ Indiana Population 2017 World Population Review Jump up ^ `` 2010 Census Centers of Population by state ''. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2012. Jump up ^ Over the previous decade, Indiana 's population center has shifted slightly to the northwest. In the 2000 U.S. Census, Indiana 's center of population was located in Hamilton County, in the town of Sheridan. See `` Population and Population Centers by State ''. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2006. Jump up ^ `` Metro and Nonmetro Counties in Indiana '' ( PDF ). Rural Policy Research Institute. Retrieved October 10, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` Indiana QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau ''. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ Greninger, Howard ( May 19, 2007 ). `` Vigo County 's population on the rise ''. Tribune - Star. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2009. Jump up ^ Exner, Rich ( June 3, 2012 ). `` Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio : Statistical Snapshot ''. The Plain Dealer. Jump up ^ `` Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States ''. Web.archive.org. July 25, 2008. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2017. CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Population of Indiana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts - CensusViewer ''. censusviewer.com. Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` 2010 Census Data ''. census.gov. Retrieved February 24, 2015. Jump up ^ `` DP - 2. Profile of Selected Social Characteristics : 2000 ''. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 17, 2009. Jump up ^ Pulera, Dominic J. ( 2004 ). Sharing the Dream : White Males in a Multicultural America. New York : Continuum. p. 57. ISBN 0 - 8264 - 1643 - 8. Jump up ^ Farley, Reynolds ( 1991 ). `` The New Census Question about Ancestry : What Did It Tell Us ? ''. Demography. 28 ( 3 ) : 411 -- 429. doi : 10.2307 / 2061465. JSTOR 2061465. PMID 1936376. Jump up ^ Lieberson, Stanley ; Santi, Lawrence ( 1985 ). `` The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns ''. Social Science Research. 14 ( 1 ) : 31 -- 56 ( pp. 44 -- 46 ). doi : 10.1016 / 0049 - 089X ( 85 ) 90011 - 0. Jump up ^ Lieberson, Stanley ; Waters, Mary C. ( 1986 ). `` Ethnic Groups in Flux : The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites ''. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 487 ( 79 ) : 79 -- 91 ( pp. 82 -- 86 ). doi : 10.1177 / 0002716286487001004. Jump up ^ `` Ancestry of the Population by State : 1980 -- Table 3 '' ( PDF ). Retrieved December 10, 2011. Jump up ^ Rainey, Joan P ( 2000 ). `` Hamilton and Other Suburban Counties Lead the State in Population Growth '' ( PDF ). Indiana University. Retrieved October 17, 2009. Jump up ^ `` IU Kelley School : Indiana 's largest cities continue to see strong population growth ''. IU Newsroom. Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 09. ^ Jump up to : Nevers, Kevin ( July 11, 2008 ). `` Duneland population growth rate slows a bit in 2007 Census estimates ''. Chesterton Tribune. Retrieved August 5, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Indiana sees big gains in population among certain cities and towns '' ( Press release ). Indiana University. July 10, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas ''. United States Census. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Births : Final Data for 2013 '' ( PDF ). Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Births : Final Data for 2014 '' ( PDF ). Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2 September 2017. Jump up ^ `` Births : Final Data for 2015 '' ( PDF ). Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2 September 2017. Jump up ^ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf Jump up ^ `` Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics : 2010 ; 2010 Demographic Profile Data ( DP - 1 ) for Indiana ''. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012. Jump up ^ Bureau, US Census. `` American Community Survey ( ACS ) ''. Census.gov. Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Overview for Indiana ''. Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University Kelley School of Business. August 1, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012. ^ Jump up to : Justis, Rachel M ( 2006 ). `` Household Income Varies by Region and Race ''. Indiana University. Retrieved October 29, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Amish Population Change 2012 - 2017 '' ( PDF ). Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College ( PDF ). Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Religious Landscape Study -- Indiana ''. The Pew Forum. Retrieved September 3, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Association of Religion Data Archives State Membership Report ''. www.thearda.com. Retrieved November 12, 2013. Jump up ^ `` American Religious Identification Survey ''. City University of New York. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006. Jump up ^ Bodenhamer, Barrows and Vanderstel, p. 696 Jump up ^ Bodenhamer, Barrows and Vanderstel, p. 416. Jump up ^ `` Forever Young : Lititz pastor retires after 33 years at Grace Brethren ''. Lancaster New Era. June 4, 2004. Retrieved August 15, 2009. ( Registration needed ) Jump up ^ `` Future of the faith, Area church weighs merger as a way to aid denomination ''. The News - Sentinel. September 22, 2004. Retrieved August 15, 2009. ( Registration needed ) Jump up ^ Neff, David ( March 27, 2006 ). `` Holiness Without the Legalism ''. Christianity Today. Retrieved August 15, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Volunteers add to church, They construct buildings for the Missionary Church ''. The News - Sentinel. October 6, 2003. Retrieved August 15, 2009. ( Registration needed ) Jump up ^ `` Quakers of Richmond and Wayne County, Indiana ''. Earlham College. Retrieved August 15, 2009. Jump up ^ Wilson, Amy Lyles. `` The Guts to Keep Going ''. National Public Radio. Retrieved August 15, 2009. Jump up ^ Associated Press ( February 2, 2009 ). `` Are American Muslims ' under more scrutiny ' with Obama ? ''. USA Today. Retrieved August 15, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Languages - Indiana ''. City-data.com. Retrieved September 2, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` Indiana Facts '' ( PDF ). State of Indiana. Retrieved August 3, 2009. Jump up ^ Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2007 ), p. 10. Jump up ^ `` Indiana Constitution Article 5 ''. Indiana University. February 25, 1999. Retrieved August 3, 2009. Jump up ^ Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2007 ), p. 13. ^ Jump up to : `` Indiana Constitution Article 4 ''. Indiana University. February 25, 1999. Retrieved August 3, 2009. Jump up ^ Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2005 ), p. 11 Jump up ^ Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2005 ), p. 14. Jump up ^ `` Indiana Constitution Article 7 ''. Indiana University. February 25, 1999. Retrieved August 3, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Appellate Process ''. State of Indiana. February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Indiana Trial Courts : Types of Courts ''. State of Indiana. Retrieved May 4, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Best States for Government ''. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 11, 2017. Jump up ^ Gray 1977, p. 23. Jump up ^ Gray 1977, p. 82. Jump up ^ Gray 1977, p. 118. Jump up ^ Gray 1977, p. 162. Jump up ^ `` Indiana poll shows tight race with McCain, Obama ''. Fox News Channel. Associated Press. October 1, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2009. Jump up ^ Purnick, Joyce ( October 21, 2006 ). `` The 2006 Campaign : Struggle for the House ; In a G.O.P. Stronghold, 3 Districts in Indiana Are Now Battlegrounds ''. The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` Presidential General Election Map Comparison ''. uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 11, 2009. Jump up ^ McPhee, Laura ( November 12, 2008 ). `` Indiana 's historic vote for Obama ''. NUVO. Retrieved August 10, 2009. Jump up ^ `` Election Results : Indiana General Election, November 6, 2012 ''. State of Indiana. Retrieved April 21, 2014. Jump up ^ Modie, Neil ( August 12, 2005 ). `` Where have Seattle 's lefties gone ? ''. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved August 11, 2009. Jump up ^ Fischer - Baum, Reuben ( June 17, 2013 ). `` Infographics : Where Do Pro Basketball Players Come From ? ''. Deadspin. Retrieved June 18, 2013. Jump up ^ `` Larry Bird Biography -- Facts, Birthday, Life Story -- Biography.com ''. Jump up ^ `` Top 10 Indiana Agriculture Products ''. Journal Communications, Inc. Retrieved August 21, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Labor Force Overview ( NSA ) : STATS Indiana ''. STATS Indiana. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Jump up ^ `` Indiana Economy at a Glance ''. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved January 11, 2007. Jump up ^ Crawford, Mark ( Winter 2013 ). `` The States Leading the U.S. Manufacturing Resurgence ''. AreaDevelopment. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Global Positioning, 2015 : Indiana 's Export Activity ''. STATS Indiana. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Manufacturers in Indiana ''. Purdue University Center for Rural Development. July 19, 1998. Jump up ^ McGowan, Dan ( June 14, 2016 ). `` Indiana Businesses Shuffle on Fortune 500 ''. Inside Indiana Business. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ Carter, Allison ( February 20, 2017 ). `` 3 Indiana companies make Fortune 's 2017 World 's Most Admired Companies List ''. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ Pete, Joseph ( May 31, 2017 ). `` Indiana leads nation in steel production ''. Northwest Indiana Times. Retrieved September 1, 2017. Jump up ^ WNDU - TV : News Story : Bayer is leaving Elkhart -- November 16, 2005 Jump up ^ `` Economy & Demographics ''. Terre Haute Economic Development Co. Retrieved January 30, 2007. Jump up ^ `` USDA Crop Profiles ''. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on February 23, 2007. Retrieved November 20, 2006. Jump up ^ `` Best / Worst States for Business ChiefExecutive.net Chief Executive Magazine ''. ChiefExecutive.net. May 3, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Gubernatorial Veto Authority with Respect to Major Budget Bill ( s ) ''. National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved September 11, 2017. Jump up ^ `` State Sales Tax Rates ''. Money-Zine.com. Retrieved January 26, 2012. Jump up ^ `` INDIANA Retail Sales Tax & Use Tax '' ( PDF ). Indiana Department of Revenue. State of Indiana. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on November 25, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2012. Jump up ^ `` Many states celebrate surpluses as Congress struggles with debt ''. Washington Times. July 17, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011. Jump up ^ Brown, Alex ( April 1, 2016 ). `` S&P Reaffirms State 's Credit Rating ''. Inside Indiana Business. Retrieved September 11, 2017. Jump up ^ `` 2014 EIA reports and publications -- Indiana '' ( PDF ). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved September 3, 2017. Jump up ^ staff. `` 50 Dirtiest U.S. Power Plants Named ''. Ens-newswire.com. Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ Indiana Geological Survey. `` Coal in Indiana ''. Purdue University. Retrieved October 19, 2010. Jump up ^ Indiana 's Renewable Energy Resources Archived February 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 20, 2008 Jump up ^ `` WINDExchange : U.S. Installed Wind Capacity ''. windpoweringamerica.gov. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2015. Jump up ^ `` New Indianapolis Airport ''. Indianapolis Airport Authority. Retrieved January 6, 2007. Jump up ^ `` Gary Airpport Gets Millions in Federal Funding ''. CBS Channel 2. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006. Jump up ^ Lange, Kaitlin ( February 13, 2017 ). `` I - 69 completion date pushed back ''. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved September 3, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Indiana Rail Plan ''. Indiana Department of Transportation. Jump up ^ `` Ports of Indiana Website ''. Retrieved January 7, 2007. Jump up ^ `` Indiana University enrollment remains strong ; minority numbers up ''. Indiana University Newsroom. August 31, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Purdue University sets record for largest enrollment and highest graduation rates ever ''. Purdue University. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Indiana History : Indiana, the Nineteenth State ( 1816 ) ''. Center for History. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2009. Jump up ^ `` About UE ''. University of Evansville. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Ivy Tech Reports Record Enrollment ''. Insideindianabusiness.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014. Jump up ^ `` Hoosier State Gets Coordinated ''. Inside Higher Ed. May 16, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2014. Jump up ^ National University Ranking Top National Universities US News Best Colleges Archived May 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2013 - Aug - 13 Jump up ^ Regional University Midwest Rankings Top Regional Universities Midwest US News Best Colleges Archived October 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2013 - Aug - 13 Jump up ^ Regional College Midwest Rankings Top Regional Colleges Midwest US News Best Colleges Archived January 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2013 - Aug - 13 Jump up ^ Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs Rankings UsNews Archived September 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2013 - Sept - 17 Bibliography Bodenhamer, David J. ; Barrows, Robert Graham ; Vanderstel, David Gordon ( 1994 ). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0 - 253 - 31222 - 1. Brill, Marlene Targ ( 2005 ). Indiana. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 0 - 7614 - 2020 - 7. Carmony, Donald F. ( 1998 ). Indiana, 1816 to 1850 : The Pioneer Era. Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0 - 87195 - 124 - X. Funk, Arville L ( 1967 ). Hoosiers In The Civil War. Adams Press. ISBN 0 - 9623292 - 5 - 8. Gray, Ralph D ( 1977 ). Gentlemen from Indiana : National Party Candidates, 1836 -- 1940. Indiana Historical Bureau. ISBN 1 - 885323 - 29 - 8. Gray, Ralph D ( 1995 ). Indiana History : A Book of Readings. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0 - 253 - 32629 - X. Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2005 ). Here is Your Indiana Government. Indiana State Chamber of Commerce ( 2007 ). Here is Your Indiana Government. Indiana Writer 's Project ( 1973 ) ( 1937 ). Indiana : A Guide To The Hoosier State. American Guide Series. Jackson, Marion T., ed. ( 1997 ). The Natural Heritage of Indiana. Bloomington : Indiana University Press. ISBN 0 - 253 - 33074 - 2. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Logan, William Newton ; Cumings, Edgar Roscoe ; Malott, Clyde Arnett ; Visher, Stephen Sargent ; Tucker, William Motier ; Reeves, John Robert ( 1922 ). Handbook of Indiana Geology. William B. Burford. Madison, James H. Hoosiers : A New History of Indiana. Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 2014. Madison, James H. ( 1990 ). The Indiana Way : A State History. Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press and Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0 - 253 - 20609 - X. Moore, Edward E ( 1910 ). A Century of Indiana. American Book Company. Pell, Ed ( 2003 ). Indiana. Capstone Press. ISBN 0 - 7368 - 1582 - 1. Skertic, Mark ; John J. Watkins ( 2003 ). A Native 's Guide to Northwest Indiana. Taylor, Robert M., ed. ( 1990 ). Indiana : A New Historical Guide. Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0 - 87195 - 048 - 0. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Taylor, Robert M., ed. ( 2001 ). The State of Indiana History 2000 : Papers Presented at the Indiana Historical Society 's Grand Opening. Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Society. CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) External links This article 's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia 's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. 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Lasselle Treaty of St. Mary 's Indian Removals Fall Creek massacre Bank of Indiana 2nd Indiana Canal Company Whitewater Canal Wabash and Erie Canal Public Works and Bankruptcy Underground Railroad Mexican - American War New Constitution Civil War Golden Age Eli Lilly & Company Reno Gang Gas boom Black Day of the General Assembly Indiana Pi Bill Golden Age of Literature 1900 -- 1999 White Caps Elwood Haynes Indianapolis Motor Speedway World War I Indianapolis strike and riots Samuel Woodfill Indiana Klan Great Depression John Dillinger World War II Freeman Field Mutiny Shipp & Smith lynchings Flood of 1937 Supreme Court Reorganization Since 2000 Flood of 2008 By topic Auto Racing Battles Disasters Economy Elections General Assembly Governors Historic Sites People Historical Political Strength Native Americans Slavery By city and locale Evansville Fort Wayne Gary Hartford City Indianapolis Lafayette Lake Wawasee South Bend Terre Haute See also : History of the United States, History of the Midwestern United States and Portal : Indiana WikiProject Indiana 's History Department Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Indiana Joe Hogsett ( Indianapolis ) Tom Henry ( Fort Wayne ) Lloyd Winnecke ( Evansville ) Pete Buttigieg ( South Bend ) Protected areas of Indiana National Park Service George Rogers Clark National Historical Park Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial National Forest Hoosier National Wildlife Refuges Big Oaks Muscatatuck Patoka River National Natural Landmarks Cowles Bog Hanging Rock and Wabash Reef Harrison Spring Marengo Cave Ohio Coral Reef Orangeville Rise Pinhook Bog Portland Arch Nature Preserve Rocky Hollow Falls Canyon Nature Preserve Wesley Chapel Gulf Wesselman Woods Nature Preserve State Parks Brown County Chain O'Lakes Charlestown Clifty Falls Falls of the Ohio Fort Harrison Harmonie Indiana Dunes Lincoln McCormick 's Creek Mounds O'Bannon Woods Ouabache Pokagon Potato Creek Prophetstown Shades Shakamak Spring Mill Summit Lake Tippecanoe River Turkey Run Versailles White River Whitewater Memorial State Forests and Recreation Areas Clark Deam Lake Ferdinand Greene -- Sullivan Harrison -- Crawford Jackson -- Washington Martin Morgan -- Monroe Owen -- Putnam Pike Salamonie River Selmier Starve Hollow Yellowwood Category Indianapolis Indiana Department of Natural Resources Commons Midwestern United States Topics Culture Geography Economy Government and Politics History Sports States Ohio Kentucky Indiana Michigan Illinois Missouri Iowa Wisconsin Minnesota North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Major cities Chicago Detroit Minneapolis St. Paul St. Louis Cleveland Columbus Dayton Cincinnati Louisville Grand Rapids Fort Wayne Indianapolis Milwaukee Green Bay Madison Des Moines Kansas City Wichita Omaha Sioux Falls Rapid City Fargo State capitals Columbus Frankfort Indianapolis Lansing Springfield Jefferson City Des Moines Madison St. Paul Bismarck Pierre Lincoln Topeka New France ( 1534 -- 1763 ) Colonies Acadia ( 1604 -- 1713 ) Canada ( 1608 -- 1763 ) Upper Country ( 1610 - 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Insular areas American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Outlying islands Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Palmyra Atoll Wake Island Indian reservations List of Indian reservations Coordinates : 40 ° N 86 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 40 ° N 86 ° W ﻿ / 40 ; - 86 BNF : cb11945453k ( data ) GND : 4109219 - 3 ISNI : 0000 0004 0463 9071 LCCN : n79022925 NARA : 10045310 VIAF : 129599983 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiana&oldid=850499130 '' Categories : Indiana Midwestern United States States and territories established in 1816 States of the United States U.S. states with multiple time zones 1816 establishments in the United States Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown Articles with dead external links from December 2012 Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from February 2015 Articles with hAudio microformats Articles including recorded pronunciations ( English ) Articles to be expanded from January 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012 Articles to be expanded from September 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013 All articles containing potentially dated statements CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Wikipedia external links cleanup from January 2015 Wikipedia spam cleanup from January 2015 Articles with Curlie links Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikivoyage Afrikaans አማርኛ Ænglisc Aragonés ܐܪܡܝܐ Arpetan Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Aymar aru Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ भोजपुरी Bikol Central Bislama Български Boarisch བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Буряад Català Чӑвашла Cebuano Čeština Chavacano de Zamboanga Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Davvisámegiella Deitsch Deutsch Diné bizaad Eesti Ελληνικά Emiliàn e rumagnòl Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Gaelg Gagauz Gàidhlig Galego ગુજરાતી 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî Хальмг 한국어 Hawaiʻi Հայերեն हिन्दी Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Ido Igbo Ilokano বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Interlingue ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut Iñupiak Ирон IsiZulu Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული Қазақша Kernowek Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Кырык мары Ladino لۊری شومالی Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Ligure Limburgs Lumbaart Magyar मैथिली Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം Māori मराठी მარგალური مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Dorerin Naoero Nederlands नेपाली नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Нохчийн Nordfriisk Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ पालि پنجابی Papiamentu Piemontèis Plattdüütsch Polski Português Ripoarisch Română Rumantsch Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла संस्कृतम् Sardu Scots Seeltersk Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Taqbaylit Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Tiếng Việt Volapük 文言 Winaray ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 Zazaki Žemaitėška 中文 Kabɩyɛ Lingua Franca Nova 163 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 July 2018, at 07 : 37 ( UTC ). 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Question: when did indiana became part of the united states
Answer: December 11, 1816