Prime minister of Canada - Wikipedia Prime minister of Canada This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 September 2017. This article is about the position of Prime Minister of Canada. For individual Canadian prime ministers, see List of Prime Ministers of Canada. Prime Minister of Canada Logo of the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada Incumbent Justin Trudeau since November 4, 2015 Office of the Prime Minister Style The Right Honourable Member of Queen 's Privy Council for Canada Cabinet Parliament of Canada Reports to Monarch of Canada Governor General of Canada Parliament of Canada Residence 24 Sussex Drive Harrington Lake Appointer Governor General of Canada Term length At Her Majesty 's pleasure Inaugural holder Sir John A. Macdonald Formation July 1, 1867 Salary $345,400 ( 2017 ) Website www.pm.gc.ca Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown Monarch ( Elizabeth II ) Governor General ( David Lloyd Johnston ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( Justin Trudeau ) Cabinet ( 29th ministry ) Ministries President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) Federal parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) Court system Supreme court Federal chief justice ( Beverley McLachlin ) Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace, order, and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system 42nd federal election ( 2015 ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government Municipal government Related topics Federalism Structure of the federal government Constitutional law Royal prerogative Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Other countries Atlas The Prime Minister of Canada ( French : Premier ministre du Canada ) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of the Government of Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or federal viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only as per long - established convention ( originating in Canada 's former colonial power, the United Kingdom ) that stipulates the monarch 's representative, the governor general, must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons ; this individual is typically the leader of the political party that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. Canadian prime ministers are styled as The Right Honourable ( French : Le Très Honorable ), a privilege maintained for life. The current, and 23rd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Liberal Party 's Justin Trudeau, who was appointed on November 4, 2015, by Governor General David Johnston, following the general election that took place that year. Contents 1 Origin of the office 2 Qualifications and selection 3 Term of office 4 Role and authority 5 Privileges 6 Style of address 7 Activities post-commission 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links Origin of the office The position of prime minister is not outlined in any Canadian constitutional document and is mentioned only in passing in the Constitution Act, 1982, and the Letters Patent, 1947 issued by King George VI. The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions and modelled on the same office in the United Kingdom. Qualifications and selection The prime minister, along with the other ministers in cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch. However, by the conventions of responsible government, designed to maintain administrative stability, the viceroy will call to form a government the individual most likely to receive the support, or confidence, of a majority of the directly elected members of the House of Commons ; as a practical matter, this is often the leader of a party whose members form a majority, or a very large plurality, of Members of Parliament ( MPs ). While there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be a member of parliament, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly. However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of Commons have been appointed to the position of prime minister. Two former prime ministers -- Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell -- served in the 1890s while members of the Senate. Both, in their roles as Government Leader in the Senate, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office -- John A. Macdonald in 1891 and John Sparrow David Thompson in 1894. That convention has since evolved toward the appointment of an interim leader from the commons in such a scenario. Prime ministers who are not Members of Parliament upon their appointment ( or who lose their seats while in office ) have since been expected to seek election to the commons as soon as possible. For example, William Lyon Mackenzie King, after losing his seat in the 1925 federal election ( that his party won ), briefly `` governed from the hallway '' before winning a by - election a few weeks later. Similarly, John Turner replaced Pierre Trudeau as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed prime minister while not holding a seat in the House of Commons ; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power. Turner was the last serving prime minister to not hold a commons seat. Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada ( 1867 -- 1873, 1878 -- 1891 ) Should a serving prime minister today lose his or her seat in the legislature, or should a new prime minister be appointed without holding a seat, the typical process that follows is that a junior member in the governing political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in the resulting by - election. A safe seat is usually chosen ; while the Liberal and Conservative parties traditionally observed a convention of not running a candidate against another party 's new leader in the by - election, the New Democrats and smaller political parties typically do not follow the same convention. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, he or she will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in parliament. In a poll conducted by Ipsos - Reid following the first prorogation of the 40th parliament on December 4, 2008, it was found that 51 % of the sample group thought the prime minister was directly elected by Canadians. Term of office The Canadian prime minister serves at Her Majesty 's pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term. Once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies. The lifespan of parliament is limited by the constitution to five years and, though the governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the writs of election prior to the date mandated by the Canada Elections Act ; the King -- Byng Affair was the only time since Confederation that the viceroy deemed it necessary to refuse his prime minister 's request for a general vote. Following parliamentary dissolution, the prime minister must run in the resulting general election if he or she wishes to maintain a seat in the House of Commons. Should the prime minister 's party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of Commons, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the prime minister or again swear him or her into office. If, however, an opposition party wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or be dismissed by the governor general. Should the prime minister 's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality ( i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a majority ), the prime minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a coalition with other minority parties. This option was last entertained in 1925. Role and Authority Further information : Queen 's Privy Council for Canada Canada 's Prime Ministers during its first century. Because the prime minister is, in practice, the most politically powerful member of the Canadian government, he or she is sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada 's head of state, when, in fact, that post is held by the Canadian monarch, represented by the governor general. The prime minister is, instead, the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers, which are governed by the constitution and its conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy, the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions. As such, the prime minister, supported by the Office of the Prime Minister ( PMO ), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance, including the governor general, the Cabinet, justices of the Supreme Court, senators, heads of crown corporations, ambassadors to foreign countries, the provincial lieutenant governors, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces. William Lyon Mackenzie King, the 10th Prime Minister of Canada ( 1921 -- 1926 ; 1926 -- 1930 ; 1935 -- 1948 ) Pierre Trudeau is credited with, throughout his tenure as prime minister between 1968 and 1984, consolidating power in the PMO, which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the prime minister 's discretion and unaccountable to parliament. At the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts -- such as Jeffrey Simpson, Donald Savoie, Andrew Coyne, and John Gomery -- argued that both parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power ; Savoie wrote : `` The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way. '' Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a `` presidentialisation '', to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state ( and prime minister 's spouses are sometimes called the `` First Lady of Canada '' ). Former governor general Adrienne Clarkson alluded to what she saw as `` an unspoken rivalry '' that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown. It has been theorized that such is the case in Canada as its parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with Westminster parliamentary systems ; particularly, Canada has fewer MPs, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and an Americanised system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than caucus, as is the case in the United Kingdom. There do exist checks on the prime minister 's power : the commons may revoke its confidence in an incumbent prime minister and Cabinet or caucus revolts can quickly bring down a serving premier and even mere threats of such action can persuade or compel a prime minister to resign his post, as happened with Jean Chrétien. The Reform Act, 2014, codifies the process by which a caucus may trigger a party leadership review and, if necessary, chose an interim leader, thereby making a prime minister more accountable to the MPs in his or her party. Caucuses may choose to follow these rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote, thereby subjecting the party 's choice to public scrutiny. The Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when Brian Mulroney 's bill creating the Goods and Services Tax ( GST ) came before the upper chamber and, given Canada 's federal nature, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign 's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a `` rebuff to the pretensions of the elected : As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us ( the Canadian people ). '' Either the sovereign or his or her viceroy may therefore oppose the prime minister 's will in extreme, crisis situations. Near the end of her time as governor general, Adrienne Clarkson stated : `` My constitutional role has lain in what are called ' reserve powers ' : making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right ' to encourage, to advise, and to warn ' (... ) Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three. '' Privileges 24 Sussex Drive, the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada Two official residences are provided to the prime minister -- 24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake, a country retreat in Gatineau Park -- as well an office in the Langevin Block, across from Parliament Hill. For transportation, the prime minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft -- a CC - 150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the prime minister and his or her family. All of the aforementioned is supplied by the Queen - in - Council through budgets approved by parliament, as is the prime minister 's annual salary of CAD $170,400. ( A prime minister additionally earns the normal salary of a Member of Parliament : $170,400. ) Should a serving or former prime minister die, he or she is accorded a state funeral, wherein their casket lies in state in the Centre Block of Parliament Hill. Only Bowell and the Viscount Bennett were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former Prime Minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John Thompson also died outside Canada, at Windsor Castle, where Queen Victoria permitted his lying - in - state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in Halifax. The mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada, applied to the arms of prime ministers who pursue them In earlier years, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a knighthood on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix Sir before their name ; of the first eight premiers of Canada, only Alexander Mackenzie refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919 Nickle Resolution, however, it was against non-binding policy for the sovereign to grant such honorific titles to Canadians ; the last prime minister to be knighted was Sir Robert Borden, who was premier at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons. Still, Bennett was in 1941, six years after he stepped down as prime minister, elevated to the peerage by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, of Mickleham in the County of Surrey and of Calgary and Hopewell in the Dominion of Canada. The Canadian Heraldic Authority ( CHA ) has granted former prime ministers an augmentation of honour on the personal coat of arms of those who pursued them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as the mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada, consists of four red maple leaves joined at the stem on a white field ( `` Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules '' ) ; the augmentation has, so far, been granted either as a canton sinister or centred in the chief. To date, former prime ministers Joe Clark, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney, and Kim Campbell were granted arms with the augmentation. Style of address Kim Campbell, the 19th Prime Minister of Canada ( 1993 ) and only female and British Columbia - born individual to hold the office Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title Prime Minister when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly ; this is in contrast to the United States protocol of addressing the federal head of government as mister ( as in, Mister President ) ; the Department of Canadian Heritage advises that it is incorrect to use the term Mr Prime Minister. The written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title : The Right Honourable ( name ), ( post-nominal letters ), Prime Minister of Canada. However, while in the House of Commons during Question Period, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as The Right Honourable, Member for ( prime minister 's riding ) or simply The Right Honourable Prime Minister. Former prime ministers retain the prefix The Right Honourable for the remainder of their lives ; should they remain sitting MPs, they may be referred as The Right Honourable Member for ( member 's riding ) or by their portfolio title ( if appointed to one ), as in The Right Honourable Minister of National Defence. In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the prime minister as Premier of Canada, a custom that continued until the First World War, around the time of Robert Borden 's premiership. While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as premier, the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the prime minister, while the provincial heads of government are termed premiers ( save for within Quebec and New Brunswick, where the premiers are addressed in French as Premier ministre du ( province ), literally translated as Prime Minister of ( province ) ). Activities post-commission After exiting office, former prime ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics : Bowell continued to serve as a senator, Stephen Harper returned to the House of Commons as a backbench Member of Parliament, and Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords. A number led Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament : John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as prime minister ( Mackenzie King twice ) ; Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths ; Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post ; and Charles Tupper, Louis St. Laurent, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as prime minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding. Following Meighen into civilian life were : Robert Borden, who served as Chancellor of Queen 's and McGill Universities, as well as working in the financial sector ; Lester B. Pearson, who acted as Chancellor of Carleton University ; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups ; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice. Former prime ministers also commonly penned autobiographies -- Tupper, for example -- or published their memoirs -- such as Diefenbaker and Paul Martin. See also Book : Canada Book : Prime Ministers of Canada Canadian politics portal Canada portal List of Prime Ministers of Canada Historical rankings of Canadian prime ministers List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office Prime Ministers of Canada in popular culture List of books about Prime Ministers of Canada List of Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VII List of Prime Ministers of King George V List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VIII List of Prime Ministers of King George VI List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II Notes Jump up ^ See majority and plurality. Jump up ^ A 2008 Ipsos - Reid poll found 42 % of respondents thought the prime minister was head of state. Jump up ^ See Note 2 at Cabinet of Canada. Jump up ^ See ' Responsibilities ' and Note 1 at Cabinet of Canada. References Jump up ^ `` Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances ''. Parliament of Canada. Jump up ^ Brooks, Stephen ( 2007 ). Canadian Democracy : An Introduction ( 5 ed. ). Don Mills : Oxford University Press. pp. 233 -- 234. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 543103 - 2. ^ Jump up to : Brooks 2007, p. 235 Jump up ^ Privy Council Office. `` Intergovernmental Affairs > About Canada > The Canadian Constitution ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved June 7, 2010. Jump up ^ Elizabeth II ( March 29, 1867 ), Constitution Act, 1982, SchedB. 37.1, Ottawa : Queen 's Printer for Canada, retrieved June 7, 2010 Jump up ^ George VI ( 1947 ). Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General of Canada. I. Ottawa : King 's Printer for Canada ( published October 1, 1947 ). Retrieved May 29, 2009. Jump up ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada. `` Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing - In of a New Ministry ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved May 18, 2009. Jump up ^ Pothen, Phil ( 2009 ), Disinformation as a Back Door to ' Constitutional Revolution ' in Canada, Toronto : Ontario Bar Association, retrieved September 13, 2010 Jump up ^ Forsey, Eugene ( 2005 ), How Canadians Govern Themselves ( PDF ) ( 6 ed. ), Ottawa : Queen 's Printer for Canada, pp. 3 -- 4, ISBN 0 - 662 - 39689 - 8, retrieved December 9, 2009 Jump up ^ Forsey, Eugene ( March 2012 ). `` How Canadians Govern Themselves > The Prime Minister ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 26 November 2015. ^ Jump up to : Forsey 2005, p. 38 ^ Jump up to : In the Wake of Constitutional Crisis : New Survey Demonstrates that Canadians Lack Basic Understanding of Our Country 's Parliamentary System ( PDF ), Toronto : Ipsos Reid, December 15, 2008, p. 1, retrieved May 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Smith, David E ( June 10, 2010 ). `` The Crown and the Constitution : Sustaining Democracy ? ''. The Crown in Canada : Present Realities and Future Options. Queen 's University. p. 6. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 17, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2011. ^ Jump up to : Forsey 2005, p. 5 Jump up ^ Library and Archives Canada. `` First Among Equals : The Prime Minister in Canadian Life and Politics > Alone at the Top > Head of State ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved January 18, 2010. Jump up ^ Brooks 2007, pp. 233 -- 235 ^ Jump up to : Geddes, John ( January 25, 2009 ). `` Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt ? ''. Maclean 's. Toronto : Kenneth Whyte. ISSN 0024 - 9262. Retrieved January 27, 2010. Jump up ^ Simpson, Jeffrey ( 2001 ). The Friendly Dictatorship. Toronto : McClelland & Stewart. p. 248. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7710 - 8079 - 1. Jump up ^ Coyne, Andrew ( June 30, 2015 ). `` Liberals ' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit ''. National Post. Retrieved June 30, 2015. Jump up ^ Brooks 2007, p. 258 Jump up ^ Savoie, Donald ( 1999 ). Governing from the Centre : The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics. Toronto : University of Toronto Press. p. 362. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8020 - 8252 - 7. Jump up ^ `` Time to address democratic deficit '', Toronto Star, January 27, 2010, retrieved January 27, 2010 Jump up ^ Zamon, Rebecca ( 4 November 2015 ). `` The Prime Minister 's Wife : What Is Her Title, Exactly ? ''. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 June 2017. Jump up ^ Alberici, Emma ( 18 May 2016 ), ' I need help ' : Why did Canada 's first lady spark such a backlash ?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, retrieved 3 June 2017 Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael D. ( 2009 ). `` The Senior Realms of the Queen '' ( PDF ). Canadian Monarchist News. Autumn 2009 ( 30 ). Toronto : Monarchist League of Canada. p. 10. Archived from the original ( PDF ) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2010. Jump up ^ Blair, Louisa ( 2001 ). Venne, Michel, ed. Vive Quebec ! : new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation. Toronto : James Lorimer & Company. p. 91. ISBN 978 - 1 - 55028 - 734 - 9. Jump up ^ Franks, C.E.S. ( April 9, 2010 ), `` Keep the Queen and choose another head of state '', The Globe and Mail, retrieved January 23, 2011 Jump up ^ Foot, Richard ( January 15, 2010 ), `` Only in Canada : Harper 's prorogation is a Canadian thing '', National Post, retrieved January 16, 2010 Jump up ^ Parliament of Canada ( June 23, 2015 ), Bill C - 586, Queen 's Printer for Canada, retrieved June 2, 2015 Jump up ^ Selley, Chris ( May 28, 2015 ). `` Thanks to the Senate, I 've finally come around to liking the Reform Act ''. National Post. Retrieved June 2, 2015. Jump up ^ MacLeod, Kevin S. ( 2008 ), A Crown of Maples ( PDF ) ( 1 ed. ), Ottawa : Queen 's Printer for Canada, p. 16, ISBN 978 - 0 - 662 - 46012 - 1, retrieved June 21, 2009 Jump up ^ Cox, Noel ( September 2002 ). `` Black v Chrétien : Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence ''. Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law. Perth : Murdoch University. 9 ( 3 ) : 12. Retrieved May 17, 2009. Jump up ^ Neitsch, Alfred Thomas ( 2008 ). `` A Tradition of Vigilance : The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta '' ( PDF ). Canadian Parliamentary Review. Vol. 30 no. 4. Ottawa : Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. p. 23. Retrieved May 22, 2009. Jump up ^ Coyne, Andrew ( November 13, 2009 ). `` Defending the royals ''. Maclean 's. Toronto : Rogers Communications. ISSN 0024 - 9262. Retrieved November 17, 2009. Jump up ^ Coyne, Andrew ( April 10, 2002 ), `` A lightning rod for patriotic love '', National Post, retrieved May 22, 2006 Jump up ^ `` GG reflects on mandate during farewell address ''. CTV. September 14, 2005. Retrieved August 8, 2007. Jump up ^ Privy Council Office. `` Did You Know > The Langevin Block from Yesterday to Today ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved January 17, 2010. Jump up ^ http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/lists/Salaries.aspx?Menu=HOC-Politic&Section=03d93c58-f843-49b3-9653-84275c23f3fb Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances ''. Jump up ^ State Funerals in Canada. `` Frequently Asked Questions on State Funerals in Canada ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved December 10, 2009. Jump up ^ Waite, P.B. ( 2000 ), `` Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XII, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1891 - 1900, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Library of Parliament. `` Federal Government > Prime Ministers of Canada > Biographical Informarion > BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G. St. J., LL. B. ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved December 10, 2009. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) The London Gazette, July 22, 1941. ^ Jump up to : `` Clark, Rt. Hon. Charles Joseph ''. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Trudeau, Rt. Hon. Pierre Elliot ''. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Turner, Rt. Hon. John Napier ''. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Mulroney, Rt. Hon. Martin Brian ''. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Campbell, Rt. Hon. Kim, PC ''. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011. Jump up ^ Department of Canadian Heritage. `` Styles of address ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 11 November 2015. Jump up ^ Department of Canadian Heritage. `` Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Styles of address -- Federal dignitaries ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved January 24, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Canada 's Premier Talks ; Attitude of the Dominion on the Seal Question '', The New York Times, p. 9, March 12, 1893, retrieved January 25, 2010 Jump up ^ Grand Lodge of Canada ( 1884 ). Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons of Canada. Hamilton : Spectator Printing Co. p. 15. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Hopkins, J. Castell ( 1901 ). `` The Proposed Union of Canada with Newfoundland ''. The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs. Vol. 1902. Toronto : The Annual Review Publishing Company. pp. 449 -- 453. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ `` Premier Pledges Canada to Fight Until War is Won '', The New York Times, p. 1, November 21, 1916, retrieved January 25, 2010 Jump up ^ `` The Santa Fe magazine, Volume 9 ''. The Santa Fe. 9. Santa Fe : Santa Fe Magazine. 1914. p. 44. ISSN 0036 - 4541. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Freshfield, A.C. Haddon ( May 1913 ). `` The Distribution of Human and Animal Life in Western Arctic America ''. The Geographical Journal. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. 41 ( 5 ) : 459 -- 460. ISSN 0016 - 7398. JSTOR 1778163. doi : 10.2307 / 1778163. Jump up ^ `` Sir John Sparrow David Thompson ''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Library and Archives Canada. `` Politics and Government > Sir John A. Macdonald > The Opponents ''. Queen 's Printer for Canada. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. `` John Alexander MacDonald ''. Queen 's Printer. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Jump up ^ Waite, P.B. ( 2000 ), `` Bennett, Richard Bedford, 1st Viscount Bennett '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1941 - 1950, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Neatby, H. Blair ( 2000 ), `` King, William Lyon Mackenzie '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1941 - 1950, retrieved January 18, 2010 ^ Jump up to : Smith, Dennis ( 2000 ), `` Diefenbaker, John George '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1971 - 1980, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Bélanger, Réal ( 2000 ), `` Laurier, Sir Wilfrid '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XIV, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1911 - 1920, retrieved January 18, 2010 ^ Jump up to : Buckner, Phillip ( 2000 ), `` Tupper, Sir Charles '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XIV, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1911 - 1920, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Bothwell, Robert ( 2000 ), `` St. Laurent, Louis '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1971 - 1980, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ Glassford, Larry A. ( 2000 ), `` Meighen, Arthur '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1951 - 1960, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ English, John ( 2000 ), `` Pearson, Lester Bowles '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1971 - 1980, retrieved January 18, 2010 Jump up ^ English, John ( 2000 ), `` Trudeau, Pierre Elliott '', in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, Volume XXII, Ottawa : University of Toronto / Université Laval, 1991 - 2000, retrieved January 18, 2010 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prime ministers of Canada. Official government Web site of the Office of the Prime Minister Prime Minister of Canada on YouTube Library of Parliament of Canada Canada 's Best Prime Ministers : 2011 Maclean 's article Links to related articles Prime Ministers of Canada Macdonald Mackenzie Macdonald Abbott Thompson Bowell Tupper Laurier Borden Meighen King Meighen King Bennett King St. Laurent Diefenbaker Pearson P.E. Trudeau Clark P.E. Trudeau Turner Mulroney Campbell Chrétien Martin Harper J. Trudeau Book Category Portal Lists of Prime Ministers of Canada Main List of Prime Ministers Premiership timeline Lifespan timeline Ranked Time in office Constituency Religion Surveys birth date and place Longevity Date of death Personal Residence Military service Education Spouses Children Parents Burial places Popular culture Lists of related positions Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada by time in office Governors General of Canada Canadian monarchs Leaders of the Opposition Related lists Bibliography Federal parliaments Political parties by time in office Minority governments Political families Book Category Portal Cabinet of Canada Prime Minister Agriculture and Agri - Food Associate Minister of National Defence Canadian Heritage Crown - Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Democratic Institutions Employment, Workforce, and Labour Environment and Climate Change Families, Children and Social Development Finance Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard Foreign Affairs Francophonie Health Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Indigenous Services Infrastructure and Communities Innovation, Science and Economic Development Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth International Development International Trade Justice Government House Leader National Defence National Revenue Natural Resources Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Public Services and Procurement Queen 's Privy Council for Canada Science Small Business and Tourism Sport and Persons with Disabilities Status of Women Transport Treasury Board Veterans Affairs Canada History Year list ( Timeline ) Pre-colonization New France ( 1534 -- 1763 ) British Canada ( 1763 -- 1867 ) Post-Confederation ( 1867 -- 1914 ) World Wars and Interwar Years ( 1914 -- 1945 ) Modern times : 1945 -- 1960 1960 -- 1981 1982 -- 1992 since 1992 Topics Constitutional Crown & Aboriginals Economic Etymology Former colonies & territories Immigration Military Monarchical National Historic Sites Persons of significance Territorial evolution Women Provinces and territories Provinces Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Territories Northwest Territories Nunavut Yukon Government Law Constitution Monarch Governor General Parliament ( Senate House of Commons ) Prime Minister list Courts Supreme Court Military Local government Foreign relations Law enforcement Politics Elections LGBT rights Multiculturalism Geography Regions ( west to east ) Pacific Northwest Western Canada Great Plains Canadian Prairies Northern Canada Canadian Shield Great Lakes Central Canada The Maritimes Eastern Canada Atlantic Canada Topics Animals Cities Earthquakes Islands Mountains National Parks Plants Great Lakes Regions Rivers Economy Agriculture Banking Bank of Canada Dollar Communications Companies Energy Fishing Oil Stock exchange Taxation Tourism Transportation Science and technology Social programs Poverty Society Education Healthcare Crime Values Demographics Topics Canadians Immigration Languages Religion 2001 Census 2006 Census 2011 Census Population Top 100s Metropolitan areas and agglomerations Population centres Municipalities Culture Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Festivals Folklore People Holidays Identity Literature Music Nationalisms Online media Protectionism Sport Theatre Symbols Coat of arms Flags Provincial and territorial Royal Heraldic Article overviews Index Outline Topics Research Bibliography Historiography Book Category Portal Heads of state and government of North America Heads of state Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Heads of government Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Prime minister Prime Ministers by country Abkhazia Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Armenia Artsakh Aruba Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bermuda Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo ( Kinshasa ) Cook Islands Croatia Cuba Curaçao Northern Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica East Timor Egypt Equatorial Guinea Estonia Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France Ghana Georgia Greece Greenland Grenada Guinea Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya North Korea South Korea Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mauritius Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Myanmar ( Burma ) Nagorno - Karabakh Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niue Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa São Tomé and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Ossetia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Sweden Syria Taiwan ( Republic of China ) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam Yemen Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe VIAF : 246941382 GND : 4399414 - 3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Canada&oldid=800349448 '' Categories : Prime Ministers of Canada Government of Canada 1867 introductions Hidden categories : Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Wikipedia pending changes protected pages ( level 1 ) Use Canadian English from November 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English Use mdy dates from November 2015 Articles containing French - language text Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Български Català Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Italiano עברית მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 September 2017, at 00 : 27. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: does canada have a prime minister or a president
Answer: Prime Minister of Canada