Web browser - wikipedia Web browser Usage share of web browsers according to StatCounter Internet An Opte Project visualization of routing paths through a portion of the Internet General Access Censorship Democracy Digital divide Digital rights Freedom of information History of the Internet Internet phenomena Net neutrality Pioneers Privacy Sociology Usage Governance ICANN Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Governance Forum Internet Society Information infrastructure Domain Name System Hypertext Transfer Protocol Internet exchange point Internet Protocol Internet protocol suite Internet service provider IP address Internet Message Access Protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Services Blogs Microblogging Email Fax File sharing File transfer Games Instant messaging Podcasts Shopping Television Voice over IP World Wide Web search Guides Book Index Outline Internet portal A web browser ( commonly referred to as a browser ) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier ( URI / URL ) that may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Edge ( preceded by Internet Explorer ), Safari, Opera and Firefox. Contents 1 History 2 Business models 3 Function 4 Market share 5 Features 5.1 User interface 5.2 Privacy and security 5.3 Standards support 5.4 Extensibility 6 Components 7 See also 8 References 9 External links History Main article : History of the web browser The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners - Lee. Berners - Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ), which oversees the Web 's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus. Nicola Pellow and Tim Berners - Lee in their office at CERN. In 1991 after the release of WorldWideWeb, Nicola Pellow developed the first cross-platform web browser, Line Mode Browser, which is credited for making the internet accessible to consumers for the first time. The first commonly available web browser with a graphical user interface was Erwise. The development of Erwise was initiated by Robert Cailliau. Marc Andreessen, inventor of Netscape Navigator In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, `` the world 's first popular browser '', which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen 's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 -- one of the first graphical web browsers -- led to an explosion in web use. Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ), soon started his own company, named Netscape, and released the Mosaic - influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which quickly became the world 's most popular browser, accounting for 90 % of all web use at its peak ( see usage share of web browsers ). Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry 's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market ; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95 % by 2002. WorldWideWeb for NeXT, released in 1991, was the first web browser. Opera debuted in 1996 ; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2 % browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1 % of overall browser use, but focused on the fast - growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo 's Wii video game console. In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development ; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox ( all versions ) accounted for 7 % of browser use. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28 % usage share. Apple 's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003 ; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple - based web browsing, accounting for just over 7 % of the entire browser market. The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Chrome, first released in September 2008. Chrome 's take - up has increased significantly year by year, by doubling its usage share from 8 % to 16 % by August 2011. This increase seems largely to be at the expense of Internet Explorer, whose share has tended to decrease from month to month. In December 2011, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer 8 as the most widely used web browser but still had lower usage than all versions of Internet Explorer combined. Chrome 's user - base continued to grow and in May 2012, Chrome 's usage passed the usage of all versions of Internet Explorer combined. By April 2014, Chrome 's usage had hit 45 %. Internet Explorer was deprecated in Windows 10, with Microsoft Edge replacing it as the default web browser. Business models This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2014 ) The ways that web browser makers fund their development costs has changed over time. The first web browser, WorldWideWeb, was a research project. In addition to being freeware, Netscape Navigator and Opera were also sold commercially. Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system ( and was also downloadable free ), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft 's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance -- threats such as web standards and Java -- by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was `` no need '' to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through `` lock - in '' to Microsoft 's browser. In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying `` Microsoft 's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice. '' Microsoft Corp v Commission Safari and Mobile Safari were likewise always included with macOS and iOS respectively, so, similarly, they were originally funded by sales of Apple computers and mobile devices, and formed part of the overall Apple experience to customers. Some commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Yahoo ! pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Yahoo ! Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. By virtue of common ownership, Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome default to their respective vendors ' own search engines, Bing and Google Search, and may integrate with other platforms offered by the vendor. This encourages the use of their first - party services, which in turn, exposes users to advertising that can be used as a source of revenue. Many less - well - known free software browsers, such as Konqueror, were hardly funded at all and were developed mostly by volunteers free of charge. Function Most used web browser by country, as of May 2012. Internet Explorer Firefox Google Chrome Opera Most used web browser by country, as of June 2015. Google Chrome Firefox Safari UC Iron Internet Explorer Opera Android Phantom No info The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ( `` retrieval '' or `` fetching '' ), allowing them to view the information ( `` display '', `` rendering '' ), and then access other information ( `` navigation '', `` following links '' ). This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http : and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https : for HTTPS, ftp : for the File Transfer Protocol, and file : for local files. Prefixes that the web browser can not directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto : URIs are usually passed to the user 's default e-mail application, and news : URIs are passed to the user 's default newsgroup reader. In the case of http, https, file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it. HTML and associated content ( image files, formatting information such as CSS, etc. ) is passed to the browser 's layout engine to be transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as `` rendering ''. Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio, video, and XML files, and often have plug - ins to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk. Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link 's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again. Market share Desktop / laptop browser statistics Google Chrome 62.09 % Mozilla Firefox 14.81 % Internet Explorer 9.62 % Safari 5.34 % Microsoft Edge 3.68 % Opera 1.6 % Yandex Browser 0.5 % Coc Coc 0.29 % UC Browser 0.24 % Chromium 0.18 % Sogou Explorer 0.16 % Maxthon 0.16 % 360 Secure Browser 0.16 % QQ Browser 0.11 % Mozilla Suite 0.04 % Phantom 0.03 % Vivaldi 0.03 % Pale Moon 0.02 % Amigo 0.02 % SeaMonkey 0.02 % Other 0.06 % Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for February 2017. Features For more details on this topic, see Comparison of web browsers. Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text - based user interfaces with bare - bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat ( IRC ), are sometimes referred to as `` Internet suites '' rather than merely `` web browsers ''. All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop - up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from `` popping up '' without the user 's consent. Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called `` Favorites '' in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built - in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as `` live bookmarks '' and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed. Furthermore, most browsers can be extended via plug - ins, downloadable components that provide additional features. User interface Some home media devices now include web browsers, like this LG Smart TV. The browser is controlled using an on - screen keyboard and LG 's `` Magic Motion '' remote. Most major web browsers have these user interface elements in common : Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous resource and forward respectively. A refresh or reload button to reload the current resource. A stop button to cancel loading the resource. In some browsers, the stop button is merged with the reload button. A home button to return to the user 's home page. An address bar to input the Uniform Resource Identifier ( URI ) of the desired resource and display it. A search bar to input terms into a web search engine. In some browsers, the search bar is merged with the address bar. A status bar to display progress in loading the resource and also the URI of links when the cursor hovers over them, and page zooming capability. The viewport, the visible area of the webpage within the browser window. The ability to view the HTML source for a page. Major browsers also possess incremental find features to search within a web page. Privacy and security Main article : Browser security Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete personally identifiable information such as the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers. Standards support Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers support a combination of standards - based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by all browsers. Extensibility A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions. Components Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser. See also Internet portal Software portal Geobrowsing Headless browser Internet OS List of web browsers Mobile browser Timeline of web browsers Web browser engines References Jump up ^ Jacobs, Ian ; Walsh, Norman ( 15 December 2004 ). `` URI / Resource Relationships ''. Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ Fitzpatrick, Jason ( 22 March 2009 ). `` Five Best Web Browsers ''. Lifehacker. Gawker Media. Jump up ^ Wayner, Peter ( 27 April 2011 ). `` Battle of the Web browsers ''. Infoworld. IDG. Jump up ^ Tibken, Shara ( 17 October 2012 ). `` Aereo TV streaming expands to major Web browsers ''. CNET. CBS Interactive. Jump up ^ `` Tim Berners - Lee : WorldWideWeb, the first Web client ''. W3.org. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 07. Jump up ^ Gillies, James ; Cailliau, R. ( 2000 ). How the Web was Born : The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0192862073. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : `` Bloomberg Game Changers : Marc Andreessen ''. Bloomberg. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 07. ^ Jump up to : `` Mozilla Firefox Internet Browser Market Share Gains to 7.4 % ''. Search Engine Journal. 24 November 2004. Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 07. Jump up ^ Stewart, William. `` Web Browser History ''. Retrieved 5 May 2009. ^ Jump up to : `` StatCounter Global Stats -- Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share ''. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` Internet Explorer usage to plummet below 50 percent by mid-2012 ''. 3 September 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011. Jump up ^ `` CNN Money claims that Chrome is more popular than IE8 ''. CNN. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011. Jump up ^ `` StatCounter Global Stats -- Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share ''. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` StatCounter Global Stats -- Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share ''. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Jump up ^ Warren, Tom ( March 24, 2015 ). `` Microsoft relegates Internet Explorer to a ' legacy engine ' to make way for new browser ''. The Verge. Vox Media. Jump up ^ `` BBC NEWS -- Business -- Microsoft is accused by EU again ''. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` European Commission -- PRESS RELEASES -- Press release -- Antitrust : Commission confirms sending a Statement of Objections to Microsoft on the tying of Internet Explorer to Windows ''. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Jump up ^ `` Browser Information ''. DBF. Retrieved 2012 - 06 - 07. Jump up ^ `` Top 5 Desktop browsers on Feb 2017 ''. StatCounter. Jump up ^ `` The SeaMonkey Project ''. Mozilla Foundation. 7 November 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Cyberdog : Welcome to the ' doghouse ! ''. 5 July 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ Teelucksingh, Dev Anand. `` Interesting DOS programs ''. Opus Networkx. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ Andersen, Starr ; Abella, Vincent ( 15 September 2004 ). `` Part 5 : Enhanced Browsing Security ''. Changes to Functionality in Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2. Microsoft. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Pop - up blocker ''. Mozilla Foundation. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Safari : Using The Pop - Up Blocker ''. Mac Tips and Tricks. WeHostMacs. 2004. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Simple settings ''. Opera Tutorials. Opera Software. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ Bokma, John. `` Mozilla Firefox : RSS and Live Bookmarks ''. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` RSS newsfeeds in Opera Mail ''. Opera Software. Retrieved 30 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` About Browsers and their Features ''. SpiritWorks Software Development. Retrieved 5 May 2009. Jump up ^ `` Behind the scenes of modern web browsers ''. Tali Garsiel. Retrieved 12 October 2013. External links Wikiversity has learning resources about Web Browser Media related to Web browsers at Wikimedia Commons Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One WorldWideWeb : Proposal for a HyperText Project How Browsers Work : Behind the scenes of modern web browsers Web browsers Comparison lightweight History List for Unix Timeline Usage share Features Ad filtering Augmented browsing Bookmarks Bookmarklet Live bookmark Smart Bookmarks Browser extension Browser security Browser synchronizer comparison Cookies Download manager Favicon Incremental search Plug - in Privacy mode Tabs Universal Edit Button Web standards Acid tests Cascading Style Sheets HTML HTML5 JavaScript MathML OCSP SVG WebGL XHTML Related topics BrowserChoice.eu CRL HTTP HTTPS iLoo Internet suite Man - in - the - browser Mobile Web Offline reader PAC Pwn2Own Rich Internet application Site - specific browser SPDY SSL / TLS WebSocket Widget World Wide Web WPAD XML Desktop Blink - based Chromium Brave Chrome Dragon Opera QupZilla Sleipnir Slimjet SRWare Iron UC Browser Vivaldi Yandex Browser Sputnik SafeZone Gecko - based AT&T Pogo Avant Camino Firefox Conkeror GNU IceCat IceDragon Swiftfox Swiftweasel TenFourFox Timberwolf Tor Browser Waterfox xB Browser Galeon Ghostzilla K - Meleon Kazehakase Kirix Strata Lotus Symphony Lunascape Mozilla Beonex Communicator Classilla Netscape SeaMonkey Trident - based AOL Explorer Avant Deepnet Explorer GreenBrowser Internet Explorer Lunascape Maxthon MediaBrowser MenuBox NeoPlanet NetCaptor SlimBrowser SpaceTime UltraBrowser WebbIE ZAC Browser WebKit - based Arora Avant Dooble Epic Flock Fluid iCab Konqueror Lunascape Maxthon Midori OmniWeb Origyn Web Browser Otter Browser QtWeb rekonq Safari Shiira SlimBoat surf Torch Uzbl Epiphany WebPositive xombrero Text - based ELinks Emacs / W3 Line Mode Browser Links Lynx w3m Other abaco Amaya Arachne Arena Charon Dillo eww Gazelle HotJava IBM Home Page Reader IBrowse KidZui Microsoft Edge Mosaic Mothra NetPositive NetSurf Pale Moon Qihoo 360 Secure Browser Mobile Blink - based Android Browser Chromium Brave Chrome for Android Opera Mobile Silk Gecko - based Firefox for Android MicroB Minimo Presto - based Opera Mini Trident - based Maxthon WebKit - based BOLT Dolphin Browser Chrome for iOS Firefox for iOS Maxthon Mercury Browser Nokia Browser for Symbian Rockmelt Safari Steel Other Blazer CM Browser Deepfish ibisBrowser Internet Explorer Mobile Iris Browser Konqueror Embedded Microsoft Edge NetFront Nokia Xpress Skweezer Skyfire Teashark ThunderHawk UC Browser Vision WinWAP Television and video game console Gecko - based Kylo Presto - based Internet Channel WebKit - based Google TV Nintendo 3DS Internet Browser Nintendo DS & DSi Browser NetFront Steam Overlay Wii U Internet Browser Other MSN TV Software no longer in development shown in italics Commons Internet portal Software portal Timeline of web browsers General Comparison lightweight History List for Unix Usage share 1990s WorldWideWeb ( Nexus ) 1991 Line Mode Browser libwww Erwise MacWWW ( Samba ) MidasWWW tkWWW ViolaWWW AMosaic Arena Cello Emacs / W3 Lynx 2 NCSA Mosaic VMS Mosaic AirMosaic Internet in a Box ANT Fresco Argo IBM WebExplorer SlipKnot Minuet Navipress Mosaic / Mosaic Netscape / Netscape Navigator Spyglass Mosaic TCP / Connect II 1995 Agora ALynx AMSD Ariadna Cyberjack eWorld Web Browser Grail Internet Explorer 1 Internet Explorer 2 Netscape Navigator 2 NetShark OmniWeb HotJava UdiWWW WebShark Cyberdog Arachne AWeb IBrowse Amaya Internet Explorer 3 Netscape Navigator 3 Opera 2 Oracle PowerBrowser tcpCONNECT4 Voyager Netscape Communicator Internet Explorer 4 Opera 2.1 1998 NeoPlanet Mozilla Application Suite Opera 3 -- 3.21 1999 iCab Internet Explorer 5 Omniweb 3 Opera 3.5 -- 3.62 2000s 2000 Beonex Communicator Galeon K - Meleon MediaBrowser Netscape 6 Opera 4 -- 4.02 iCab 2.5 Internet Explorer 6 Omniweb 4 Opera 5 -- 5.12 2002 Avant Browser 7 Camino Epiphany Netscape 7 Opera 6 -- 6.1 2003 GreenBrowser Maxthon Opera 7 -- 7.3 Safari SlimBrowser Avant Browser 9 Phoenix / Firebird / Firefox Opera 7.5 -- 7.55 2005 AOL Explorer Deepnet Explorer Firefox 1.5 Opera 8 -- 8.54 Safari 2 2006 Avant Browser 11 Firefox 2 Internet Explorer 7 Opera 9 -- 9.27 2007 Maxthon 2 Opera 9.5 -- 9.64 Safari 3 SeaMonkey 1.1 2008 Google Chrome Firefox 3 Netscape Browser Netscape Navigator 9 NetSurf 1.2 2009 Avant Browser 11.7 Google Chrome 2 -- 3 Firefox 3.5 Internet Explorer 8 Opera 10 -- 10.63 Pale Moon Safari 4 SeaMonkey 2.0 2010s Google Chrome 4 -- 8 Firefox 3.6 Lunascape 6.0. 1 Maxthon 3 NetSurf 2.5 Opera 11 -- 11.64 Safari 5 2011 Google Chrome 9 -- 16 Firefox 4 -- 9 Internet Explorer 9 Lunascape 6.5 Opera 12 -- 12.17 SeaMonkey 2.1 -- 2.4 2012 Google Chrome 17 -- 23 Firefox 10 -- 17 Internet Explorer 10 Lunascape 6.7 Maxthon 3.4 NetSurf 2.9 Safari 6 2013 Google Chrome 24 -- 31 Firefox 18 -- 26 Internet Explorer 11 Opera 15 -- 18 Safari 7 SeaMonkey 2.15 -- 2.22 2014 Google Chrome 32 -- 39 Firefox 27 -- 34 Lunascape 6.9 NetSurf 3.1 Opera 19 -- 26 Safari 8 SeaMonkey 2.23 -- 2.31 2015 Brave Google Chrome 40 -- 47 Firefox 35 -- 43 Lunascape 6.10 -- 6.12 Microsoft Edge 12 -- 13 Opera 27 -- 34 Safari 9 SeaMonkey 2.32 -- 2.39 Vivaldi 2016 Google Chrome 48 -- 55 Firefox 44 -- 50 Lunascape 6.13 -- 6.15 Microsoft Edge 14 -- 15 Opera 35 -- 42 Safari 10 Related topics 3D Markup Language for Web Aliweb ARPANET ASCII BITNET Browser wars CompuServe Elm Email File Transfer Protocol Gopher HTML HyperCard HyTelnet NCSA Telnet NLS Prodigy Teletext Telnet Usenet UUCP Videotex Viewdata Virtual Reality Markup Language Web page Whole Internet User 's Guide and Catalog World Wide Web X. 25 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_browser&oldid=797311024 '' Categories : Web browsers English inventions Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Wikipedia semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from October 2012 Articles needing additional references from January 2014 All articles needing additional references Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Alemannisch Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - 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Question: what is a web browser on a computer
Answer: a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web