sou · H6B360 · 2018-08-10 00:00:00 — 50 § Lider tredje man skada genom att lösa in konossement i förlitan på att uppgifterna i det är riktiga, är transportören ansvarig om han insåg eller borde ha insett att konossementet var vilseledande för tredje man. Rätt till ansvarsbegränsning enligt detta kapitel förelig- ger därvid inte. Om godset inte motsvarar uppgifterna i konossementet, är trans- portören på mottagarens begäran skyldig att uppge om avlastaren har åtagit sig att hålla transportören skadeslös för oriktig eller ofull- ständig uppgift (indemnitetsförklaring) och att låta mottagaren få del av en sådan förklaring. 51 § Avlastaren ansvarar mot transportören för riktigheten av de uppgifter om godset som på hans begäran har tagits in i konosse- mentet. Om avlastaren har åtagit sig att ersätta transportören för skada som uppkommer till följd av att konossement utfärdas med felaktiga uppgifter eller utan förbehåll, är han ändå inte ansvarig om detta har gjorts i syfte att vilseleda förvärvare av konossementet. I ett sådant fall svarar avlastaren inte heller enligt första stycket. Rätt att få ut godset 52 § Den som företer ett konossement och genom dess innehåll eller, vid orderkonossement, genom en sammanhängande och till honom fortgående följd av överlåtelser (indossament) eller överlå- telse in framträder som rätt innehavare av konossementet, är behörig som mottagare av godset. Om konossementet har utfärdats i flera exemplar är det för ut- lämnande på bestämmelseorten tillräckligt att mottagaren visar sin behörighet genom att förete ett konossementsexemplar. Lämnas godset ut på en annan plats, måste dessutom övriga exemplar åter- lämnas eller säkerhet ställas för anspråk som innehavare av ute- löpande exemplar kan göra gällande mot transportören. 53 § Anmäler sig flera mottagare, och företer de skilda exemplar av konossementet, skall transportören lägga upp godset under säker vård för rätt mottagares räkning. Underrättelse om åtgärden skall lämnas till dem som har anmält sig. 54 § Mottagaren har rätt att få ut godset endast om han deponerar konossementet och lämnar kvitto allteftersom godset lämnas ut. Sedan allt gods har lämnats ut, skall konossementet med påteck- nad kvittering återställas till transportören. Utlämnande när konossementet har förkommit 55 § Har ansökan gjorts om dödande av ett förkommet konosse- ment får sökanden, sedan offentlig stämning har utfärdats, fordra att godset lämnas ut, om säkerhet ställs för ersättning som transportö- ren kan tvingas att betala på grund av det förkomna konossementet. Förvärv av konossement i god tro 56 § Överlåter en konossementsinnehavare konossementsexemplar till flera personer, har den som först tar emot ett exemplar i god tro rätt till godset. Om godset har lämnats ut på bestämmelseorten till innehavaren av ett annat exemplar, är denne inte skyldig att lämna ifrån sig vad han redan i god tro har fått ut. Den som i god tro har förvärvat ett order- eller innehavarkonos- sement är inte skyldig att lämna ut konossementet till den för vilken det har förkommit. 57 § Den rätt en säljare har att hindra att det sålda godset utges eller att kräva det tillbaka gäller även om konossement beträffande godset har överlämnats till köparen. Rätt enligt första stycket får inte göras gällande mot tredje man som i god tro har förvärvat ett order- eller innehavarkonossement. 58 § Med sjöfraktsedel (sea waybill) förstås ett dokument som 1.utgör bevis om ett avtal om sjötransport och om att transport- ören har tagit emot godset och 2.innehåller ett åtagande av transportören att lämna ut godset till den mottagare som anges i dokumentet. Avsändaren får, även sedan sjöfraktsedel har utfärdats, bestämma att godset skall lämnas ut till någon annan än den mottagare som anges i dokumentet, om han inte i förhållande till transportören har avstått från denna rätt eller mottagaren inte redan har gjort sin rätt gällande. Konossement får begäras enligt 44 §, om avsändaren inte har avstått från sin rätt enligt andra stycket att utse en annan mottagare. Sjöfraktsedelns innehåll och bevisverkan 59 § En sjöfraktsedel skall innehålla uppgift om det gods som har tagits emot för transport, avsändaren, mottagaren och transport- ören, transportvillkoren samt frakt och andra kostnader som skall betalas av mottagaren. Bestämmelserna i 46 § tredje stycket och 48 § har motsvarande tillämpning. Om inte annat visas utgör sjöfraktsedeln bevis om transportavta- let och om att godset har tagits emot så som det har beskrivits i do- kumentet. 60 §5 Ett avtal som har ingåtts innan en tvist har uppkommit och som inskränker kärandens rätt att få en tvist om transport av stycke- gods enligt detta kapitel prövad vid domstol är ogiltigt i den ut- sträckning som det begränsar kärandens rätt att enligt eget val väcka talan vid domstolen för den ort där 1.svaranden har sitt huvudkontor eller, om ett huvudkontor saknas, där svaranden har sin vanliga vistelseort, 2.transportavtalet ingicks, förutsatt att svaranden där har drift- ställe för sin rörelse, filial eller företrädare, genom vars förmedling avtalet har ingåtts, eller 3.den avtalade lastningshamnen eller den avtalade eller faktiska lossningshamnen ligger. Trots första stycket kan en talan alltid väckas vid domstolen för den ort som har angetts i transportavtalet. Efter det att en tvist har uppkommit får parterna fritt avtala hur tvisten ska behandlas. Om ett konossement har utfärdats enligt ett certeparti som inne- håller bestämmelser om behörig domstol eller skiljedomsförfarande utan att konossementet uttryckligen anger att dessa bestämmelser är bindande för innehavaren av konossementet, får transportören inte åberopa bestämmelserna mot en innehavare av konossementet som har förvärvat det i god tro. Första stycket gäller inte om varken den avtalade lastningsham- nen eller den avtalade eller faktiska lossningshamnen ligger i , , eller eller om något annat följer av de unionsrättsakter och internationella instrument som anges i 1 § 1–4 lagen (2014:912) med kompletterande bestämmelser om domstols behörighet och om erkännande och internationell verkställighet av vissa avgöranden. 5Senaste lydelse 2014:927. 61 §6 Trots 60 § första stycket får parterna genom skriftligt avtal komma överens om att tvister ska hänskjutas till avgörande genom skiljedom. Som en del av skiljeavtalet gäller alltid att skiljeförfaran- det efter kärandens val ska äga rum i en av de stater där en ort som anges i 60 § första stycket är belägen. Bestämmelserna i 60 § andra och tredje styckena ska också till- lämpas. Första stycket gäller inte om vare sig den avtalade lastningshamnen eller den avtalade eller faktiska lossningshamnen ligger i , , eller . 6Senaste lydelse 2014:1452. In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any and Prac- tice Inconsistent therewith. Except as provided by the Rule Par- amount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted ac- cording to the lettered Rules. In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any law and practice inconsistent therewith. Except as provided by the Rule Par- amount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted ac- cording to the lettered Rules. In no case shall there be any allow- ance for sacrifice or expenditure un- less reasonably made or incurred. In no case shall there be any allow- ance for sacrifice or expenditure un- less reasonably made or incurred. There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intention- ally and reasonably made or in- curred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common adventure. 1.There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraor- dinary sacrifice or expenditure is in- tentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common adventure. General average sacrifices and ex- penditures shall be borne by the dif- ferent contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided. 2.General average sacrifices and ex- penditures shall be borne by the dif- ferent contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided. There is a common adven- ture when one or more are towing or pushing another or , provided that they are all in- volved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation. When measures are taken to pre- serve the and their cargoes, if any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply. 1.There is a common ad- venture when one or more are towing or pushing another or , provided that they are all involved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation. When measures are taken to pre- serve the and their cargoes, if any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply. A is not in common peril with another or if by simply disconnecting from the other or she is in safety; but if the dis- connection is itself a general average act the common adventure continues. 2.If the are in common peril and one is disconnected either to in- crease the disconnecting ’s safety alone, or the safety of all in the common adventure, the dis- connection will be a general average act. 3.Where involved in a com- mon adventure resort to a port or place of refuge, allowances un- der these Rules may be made in rela- tion to each of the . Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of Rule G, allowances in general av- erage shall cease at the time that the common adventure comes to an end. Only such losses, damages or ex- penses which are the direct conse- quence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average. In no case shall there be any allow- ance in general average for losses, damages or expenses incurred in re- spect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property involved in the com- mon adventure. Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be admitted as general average. 1.Only such losses, damages or ex- penses which are the direct conse- quence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average. 2.In no case shall there be any al- lowance in general average for losses, damages or expenses in- curred in respect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property in- volved in the common ad- venture. 3.Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or ex- pense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subse- quently, and any indirect loss what- soever, shall not be allowed as gen- eral average. Rights to contribution in general av- erage shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sac- rifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure; but this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault. Rights to contribution in general av- erage shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sac- rifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the common adventure, but this shall not prejudice any rem- edies or defences which may be open against or to that party in re- spect of such fault. The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense claimed is 1.The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense properly allowable as general aver- age. claimed is properly allowable as gen- eral average. All parties claiming in general aver- age shall give notice in writing to the average adjuster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim contri- bution within 12 months of the date of the termination of the common adventure. 2.All parties to the common adventure shall, as soon as possible, supply particulars of value in respect of their contributory interest and, if claiming in general average, shall give notice in writing to the average ad- juster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim contribution, and supply evidence in support thereof. Failing such notification, or if within 12 months of a request for the same any of the parties shall fail to supply evidence in support of a notified claim, or particulars of value in re- spect of a contribury interest, the av- erage adjuster shall be at to es- timate the extent of the allowance or the contributory value on the basis of the information available to him, which estimate may be challenged only on the ground that it is mani- festly incorrect. 3.Failing notification, or if any party does not supply particulars in support of a notified claim, within 12 months of the termination of the common adventure or payment of the expense, the average adjuster shall be at to estimate the extent of the allowance on the basis of the infor- mation available to the adjuster. Par- ticulars of value shall be provided within 12 months of the termination of the common adventure, failing which the average adjuster shall be at to estimate the con- tributory value on the same basis. Such estimates shall be communicated to the party in question in writing. Estimates may only be challenged within two months of receipt of the communication and only on the grounds that they are manifestly in- correct. 4.Any party to the common adventure pursuing a recovery from a third party in respect of sacrifice or ex- penditure claimed in general average, shall so advise the average adjuster and, in the event that a recovery is achieved, shall supply to the average adjuster full particulars of the recov- ery within two months of receipt of the additional expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as gen- eral average shall be deemed to be general average and so allowed with- out regard to the saving, if any, to other interests, but only up to the amount of the general average ex- pense avoided. additional expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as gen- eral average shall be deemed to be general average and so allowed with- out regard to the saving, if any, to other interests, but only up to the amount of the general average ex- pense avoided. General average shall be adjusted as regards both loss and contribution upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the ad- venture ends. This rule shall not affect the deter- mination of the place at which the average statement is to be made up. When a ship is at any port or place in circumstances which would give rise to an allowance in general aver- age under the provisions of Rules X and XI, and the cargo or part thereof is forwarded to destination by other means, rights and liabilities in gen- eral average shall, subject to cargo interests being notified if practica- ble, remain as nearly as possible the same as they would have been in the absence of such forwarding, as if the adventure had continued in the original ship for so long as justifiable 1.General average shall be adjusted as regards both loss and contribu- tion upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the common adventure ends. 2.This rule shall not affect the de- termination of the place at which the average adjustment is to be pre- pared. 3.When a ship is at any port or place in circumstances which would give rise to an allowance in general aver- age under the provisions of Rules X and XI, and the cargo or part thereof is forwarded to destination by other means, rights and liabilities in gen- eral average shall, subject to cargo interests being notified if practica- ble, remain as nearly as possible the same as they would have been in the absence of such forwarding, as if the common adventure had continued in the original ship for so under the contract of affreightment and the applicable law. The proportion attaching to cargo of the allowances made in general average by reason of applying the third paragraph of this Rule shall not exceed the cost which would have been borne by the owners of cargo if the cargo had been forwarded at their expense. long as justifiable under the contract of carriage and the applicable law. 4.The proportion attaching to cargo of the allowances made in general average by reason of apply- ing the third paragraph of this Rule shall be limited to the cost which would have been borne by the own- ers of cargo if the cargo had been forwarded at their expense. This limit shall not apply to any allowances made under Rule F. Rule I – Jettison of Cargo Rule I – Jettison of Cargo No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade. No jettison of cargo shall be allowed as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the rec- ognised custom of the trade. Rule II – Loss or Damage by Sacrifices for the Common Safety Rule II – Loss or Damage by Sacrifices for the Common Safety Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safe- ty, and by water which goes down a ship's hatches opened or other open- ing made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety, shall be made good as general average. Rule III – Extinguishing Fire on Shipboard Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or other- wise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extin- guishing a fire on board the ship, Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety, and by water which goes down a ship’s hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the com- mon safety, shall be allowed as gen- eral average. Rule III – Extinguishing Fire on Shipboard Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or other- wise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extin- guishing a fire on board the ship, shall be made good as general aver- age; except that no compensation shall be made for damage by smoke however caused or by heat of the fire. shall be allowed as general average; except that no allowance shall be made for damage by smoke however caused or by heat of the fire. Rule IV – Cutting away Wreck Rule IV – Cutting Away Wreck Loss or damage sustained by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have been previously carried away or are effectively lost by acci- dent shall not be made good as gen- eral average. Loss or damage sustained by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have been previously carried away or are effectively lost by acci- dent shall not be allowed as general average. Rule V – Voluntary Stranding Rule V – Voluntary Stranding When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent loss or damage to the property involved in the common adventure shall be allowed in general average. When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent loss or damage to the property involved in the common adventure shall be allowed in general average. Rule VI – Salvage Remuneration Rule VI – Salvage Remuneration (a)Expenditure incurred by the par- ties to the adventure in the nature of salvage, whether under contract or otherwise, shall be allowed in gen- eral average provided that the sal- vage operations were carried out for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the com- mon adventure. (a)Expenditure incurred by the par- ties to the common adven- ture in the nature of salvage, wheth- er under contract or otherwise, shall be allowed in general average pro- vided that the salvage operations were carried out for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the common adventure and subject to the provi- sions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) (b)Notwithstanding (a) above, where the parties to the common adventure have separate contractual or legal liability to salvors, salvage Expenditure allowed in general aver- age shall include any salvage remu- neration in which the skill and ef- forts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environ- ment such as is referred to in Article 13paragraph 1(b) of the Interna- tional Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account. (b)Special compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner under Ar- ticle 14 of the said Convention to shall only be allowed should any of the following arise: (i)there is a subsequent accident or other circumstances resulting in loss or damage to property during the voy- age that results in significant differ- ences between salved and contribu- tory values, (ii)there are significant general aver- age sacrifices, (iii)salved values are manifestly in- correct and there is a significantly in- correct apportionment of salvage ex- penses, (iv)any of the parties to the salvage has paid a significant proportion of salvage due from another party, (v)a significant proportion of the parties have satisfied the salvage claim on substantially different terms, no re- gard being had to interest, currency correction or legal costs of either the salvor or the contributing interest. (c)Salvage expenditures referred to in paragraph (a) above shall include any salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment such as is referred to in Article 13 paragraph 1(b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account. (d)Special compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner under Ar- ticle 14 of the International the extent specified in paragraph 4 of that Article or under any other provision similar in substance shall not be allowed in general average. Convention on Salvage, 1989 to the extent specified in paragraph 4 of that Article or under any other provision similar in substance (such as SCOPIC) shall not be allowed in general average and shall not be con- sidered a salvage expenditure as re- ferred to in paragraph (a) of this Rule. Rule VII – Damage to Machinery and Boilers Rule VII – Damage to Machinery and Boilers Damage caused to any machinery and boilers of a ship which is ashore and in a position of peril, in endeav- ouring to refloat, shall be allowed in general average when shown to have arisen from an actual intention to float the ship for the common safety at the risk of such damage; but where a ship is afloat no loss or dam- age caused by working the propel- ling machinery and boilers shall in any circumstances be made good as general average. Damage caused to any machinery and boilers of a ship which is ashore and in a position of peril, in endeav- ouring to refloat, shall be allowed in general average when shown to have arisen from an actual intention to float the ship for the common safety at the risk of such damage; but where a ship is afloat no loss or dam- age caused by working the propel- ling machinery and boilers shall in any circumstances be allowed as general average. Rule VIII – Expenses Lightening a Ship when Ashore, and Consequent Damage Rule VIII – Expenses Lightening a Ship when Ashore, and Conse- quent Damage When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship's fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire and reshipping (if in- curred), and any loss or damage to the property involved in the com- mon adventure in conse- quence thereof, shall be admitted as general average.