sou · H5B390 · 2017-11-22 00:00:00 — Enligt förordningen kommer dock att kunna fortsätta tilläm- pa samtliga internordiska bestämmelser i förhållande till , och . Utredningen har vidare bedömt att de internor- diska bestämmelserna föreskriver enklare och snabbare förfaranden för erkännande och verkställighet av avgöranden än förordningen om makars förmögenhetsförhållanden. kommer därför, enligt det nordiska undantaget i förordningen, att kunna fortsätta tillämpa de internordiska bestämmelserna om erkännande och verkställighet även i förhållande till . Utredningen föreslår att nuvarande internordiska bestämmelser om makars förmögenhetsförhållanden i princip ska behållas. Det av- ser alltså bestämmelser som finns i NÄF, IAL, NEVL och lag. Bestämmelser om sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden Internationella frågor om sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden om- fattas inte av förordningarna om makars respektive registrerade part- ners förmögenhetsförhållanden. I-förordning och Luganokonvention finns internationellt privaträttsliga be- stämmelser som utredningen bedömer är tillämpliga åtminstone avse- ende vissa frågor om sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden. Det finns oaktat detta behov av svenska autonoma bestämmelser angående sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden. tillämpas bestämmelserna i lagen (1990:272) om internationella frågor rörande makars och sam- bors förmögenhetsförhållanden (LIMF) i fråga om sambors förmö- genhetsförhållanden. Utredningen föreslår att nuvarande bestämmelser om sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden i princip ska behållas. Det betyder bl.a. att bestämmelserna om tillämplig lag i fortsättningen kommer att skilja sig åt mellan makar och sambor. Med hänsyn till bestämmelserna om formell giltighet av lagvalsavtal i förordningarna om makars respek- tive registrerade partners förmögenhetsförhållanden föreslås dock att även lagvalsavtal mellan sambor ska vara skriftliga, daterade och undertecknade för att var formellt giltiga. Dessutom föreslås att det införs bestämmelser om materiell giltighet av lagvalsavtal mellan sam- bor. Bestämmelserna överensstämmer med vad som gäller angående materiell giltighet av lagvalsavtal enligt förordningarna om makars re- spektive registrerade partners förmögenhetsförhållanden. Särskilda bestämmelser om erkännande och verkställighet av vissa utländska avgöranden Bestämmelserna om erkännande och verkställighet i förordningarna om makars respektive registrerade partners förmögenhetsförhållan- den kommer endast att gälla beträffande domar som har meddelats i andra medlemsstater. Även i fortsättningen kommer det därför att finnas behov av svenska bestämmelser för frågor om erkännande och verkställighet av avgöranden om makars eller registrerade partners förmögenhetsförhållanden som inte omfattas av förordningarna och där inte heller de internordiska bestämmelserna om erkännande och verkställighet är tillämpliga. Bestämmelser om erkännande och verkställighet av avgöranden om makars förmögenhetsförhållanden finns i LIMF. Utredningen föreslår att dessa bestämmelser i princip ska behållas. Det föreslås dock att bestämmelserna som reglerar förutsättningar för erkännande och om det föreligger hinder mot erkännande ändras så att de överens- stämmer med motsvarande bestämmelser i förordningarna om makars respektive registrerade partners förmögenhetsförhållanden. En ny lag införs Utredningen har övervägt vilken lagteknisk lösning som bör väljas när det gäller de bestämmelser som ska införas respektive behållas med vissa ändringar och tillägg. Ett alternativ skulle vara att samla endast de kompletterande bestämmelserna till förordningarna i en ny lag och behålla de övriga bestämmelserna i de författningar som de för när- varande finns i. Bestämmelsernas placering i flera olika författningar ger dock en splittrad bild som mest sannolikt leder till tillämpnings- svårigheter för domstolar och andra rättstillämpare. Utredningen före- slår därför att bestämmelser om makars, registrerade partners och sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden samlas i en ny lag. Den nya lagen bör innehålla bestämmelser som kompletterar förordningarna. Vidare bör bestämmelser som införlivar de nordiska äktenskaps- respektive arvskonventionerna, och som återfinns i NÄF och IAL, föras över till den nya lagen med vissa justeringar. Lagen bör också innehålla bestämmelser om sambors förmögenhets- förhållanden och bestämmelser för frågor om erkännande och verk- ställighet av avgöranden som inte omfattas av förordningarna och där inte heller de internordiska bestämmelserna om erkännande och verkställighet är tillämpliga. I den nya lagen bör dock inte införas bestämmelser om erkän- nande och verkställighet av nordiska avgöranden som införlivar 1977 och nordiska ramkonventioner och som finns i NEVL och lag. Båda lagarna har ett brett tillämpningsområde och är inte avgränsade särskilt till avgöranden om makars förmögenhets- förhållanden. Utredningen anser att det är mest ändamålsenligt att bestämmelser som reglerar frågor om erkännande och verkställighet av nordiska avgöranden på privaträttens område generellt behålls oför- ändrade. Genom den nya lagen upphävs LIMF. På samma sätt upphävs de bestämmelser som avser makars förmögenhetsförhållanden i NÄF och IAL. Definitonen av äktenskapsförord i förordningen om makars förmö- genhetsförhållanden är vidare än den som ges av begreppet i svensk rätt. Med äktenskapsförord i förordningens mening avses varje avtal mellan makar eller blivande makar varigenom dessa reglerar sina för- mögenhetsförhållanden. Förutom äktenskapsförord i svensk bemär- kelse omfattas därför med stor sannolikhet även bodelningsavtal och föravtal av definitionen. Enligt förordningen gäller som grundläggande formkrav att ett äktenskapsförord ska vara skriftligt, daterat och undertecknat. saknas krav om datering för äktenskapsförord, bodelningsavtal och föravtal i . Utredningen föreslår att det i äktenskaps- balken avseende dessa rättshandlingar införs de ytterligare krav som ställs enligt förordningen angående den formella giltigheten av äkten- skapsförord. Utredningens förslag till ny lag om internationella frågor rörande ma- kars, registrerade partners och sambors förmögenhetsförhållanden bör träda i kraft som förordningarna om makars respektive regi- strerade partners förmögenhetsförhållanden börjar tillämpas, nämligen . Genom den nya lagen bör LIMF upp- hävas. Det föreslås övergångsbestämmelser med innebörd att bestäm- melserna om tillämplig lag i LIMF fortfarande ska gälla för makar och registrerade partner som har ingått äktenskap respektive registrerat partnerskap före och som inte därefter har valt tillämplig lag på sina förmögenhetsförhållanden, dvs. s.k. äldre äkten- skap respektive äldre registrerade partnerskap. I övergångsbestämmel- ser föreslås vidare att en giltig rättshandling (dvs. lagvalsavtal) mellan sambor som företagits före ikraftträdandet inte ska förlora sin giltig- het genom den nya lagen. Även utredningens förslag till ändringar i bör träda i kraft . Det föreslås övergångsbestämmelser med innebörd att ett giltigt äktenskapsförord, bodelningsavtal eller föravtal som ingåtts före ikraftträdandet inte ska förlora sin giltighet genom lagändringarna. The Inquiry has been instructed to submit any legislative or other proposals that will be needed in connection with Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1103 of 24 2016 implementing enhanced coopera- tion in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes (Regulation on matrimonial property regimes) and Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1104 of 24 2016 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of the property consequences of registered partnerships (Regulation on property consequences of registered partnerships). The remit includes explaining and clarifying the meaning and application of these regulations in a Swedish context. Because the regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners are primarily linked to the Succession Regulation and the II Regulation, the Inquiry’s remit also includes analysing how these different regulations relate to each other. With regard to spouses, the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes contains a derogation which means, among other things, that and may, in certain cases, refrain from applying the Regulation’s provisions on procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions issued in the other State. This derogation concerns rulings based on the Convention of 6 February 1931 be- tween , , , and comprising private international law provisions on marriage, adoption and guardianship (Nordic Convention on Marriage), the Convention of between , , , and comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration (Nordic Convention on Succession) and the Convention of 11 October 1977 between , , , and on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil matters (1977 Nordic The Inquiry’s remit includes analysing the more detailed meaning of this derogation on applying the provisions that implement these Nordic conventions into Swedish law, and considering whether any legislative amendments are required. The Inquiry will analyse how the regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners impact the Swedish rules and whether any changes or additions must, or should, be made to achieve clear, predictable and effective regulation in the area. Swedish provisions in this area are currently found in a number of different statutes. Under its remit, the Inquiry will consider, in particular, whether all the provisions in the area should be collected in a single new act. The Inquiry will also consider whether there is a need in to introduce substantive provisions on the property consequences of partnerships registered abroad. The regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners The regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners have been adopted within the framework of enhanced cooperation between 18 EU Member States: , , , , , the , , , , , , , , the , , , and . The regulations regulate matters of international jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of property regimes of spouses and registered partners that have cross-border implications. The relevant parts will begin to apply on 29 January 2019, and will be binding and directly applicable in the States participating in the enhanced cooperation. International matters concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners are not covered by the provisions of these regulations. Moreover, it follows from the transitional provisions of the regulations that the provisions on applicable law (Chapter III) apply only to spouses or registered partners who marry or register their partnership, or who specify the law applicable to their matrimonial property regimes or the property consequences of their registered partnership on or after 29 January 2019. ‘older marriages’ and ‘older registered partnerships’ are not covered by the provisions on applicable law in these regulations. Certain matters in the area of matrimonial property regimes are covered by special private international law provisions that apply in relations between the Nordic countries. These provisions are based on the Nordic Conventions on Marriage and Succession, the 1977 Nordic Framework Convention and the Convention of 16 1932 be- tween , , , and on the recog- nition and enforcement of judgments (1932 Nordic Framework Convention). Since has not acceded to the 1977 Nordic Framework Convention, the 1932 Nordic Framework Convention still applies in relation to . For , the inter-Nordic provisions are found in the Ordinance concerning Legal Relationships relating to Marriage, Adoption and Guardianship (1931:429), the Act on Inheritance in International Situations (2015:417), the Act on the Recognition and Enforcement of Nordic Judgments in the Field of Private (1977:595), and the Act on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments Issued in (1932:540). It follows from the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes that will be able to continue to apply the inter-Nordic provisions on matrimonial property regimes in relation to , and . In relations between the Member States, i.e. between and , however, the Regulation will take precedence. The basic principle is thus that will not be able to continue to apply the inter-Nordic provisions in relation to . The Regulation contains a derogation, however, that means that can apply the inter-Nordic provisions on recognition and enforcement in relation to in so far as they provide for simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions than the Regulation. The regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners regulate when the courts of Member States have jurisdiction to examine matters concerning the property regimes of spouses and registered partners (international jurisdiction). The provisions on international jurisdiction in the regulations are based on a scale of connecting factors, i.e. they are to be examined in order of precedence on this scale. Matters concerning property regimes of spouses and registered partners are firstly to be examined by courts in the dealing with a related procedure on succession or divorce, or the dissolution of a registered partnership. If no international jurisdiction stems from any such related procedure, jurisdiction is instead determined in accordance with jurisdiction criteria connected to the habitual and citizenship of the spouses or registered partners. The regulations provide an option for spouses and registered partners to conclude a choice-of-court agreement, or ‘prorogation agreement’, giving the courts of one exclusive jurisdiction to rule on matters of their matrimonial property regime. In addition, there are provisions on subsidiary jurisdiction and jurisdiction in exceptional cases (e.g. if it is impossible to obtain a ruling in a third State to which the case is closely connected). A court that has jurisdiction under either of the regulations may, if certain conditions are met, decline jurisdiction. A court may decline jurisdiction only in exceptional cases if it considers that the marriage in question, under the Member State’s private international law, is not recognised or if the court considers that the law of the forum does not recognise registered partnerships. In principle, international jurisdiction under the regulations is and covers property both in and outside the country. The regulations contain provisions, however, that allow the court that otherwise has jurisdiction to limit the proceedings in certain cases so as not to include property located in a third State. As is the case with the current provisions, spouses and registered partners may, under the regulations, agree to designate which State’s law will apply to their matrimonial property regime. If spouses do not make a choice, the applicable law to their matrimonial property regime will be the law of the State of the spouses’ first common habitual after their marriage. If registered partners do not make a choice, the law applicable to the property consequences of their registered partnership will be the law of the State in which their partnership was registered. Only in exceptional cases can the law of a State in which the spouses or registered partners subsequently established their habitual be applied. These provisions are an example of the ‘principle of immutability’, i.e. that the law applicable on entering into a marriage or registered partnership cannot subsequently be changed because the spouses or registered partners become connected to another State. The transition towards applying the principle of immutability to determine the question of applicable law is a fundamental change entailed by the regulations in Swedish private international law. At present in Swedish law, the applicable law is determined on the basis of the law of the State in which the spouses were habitually resident when they married. If both spouses subsequently established their habitual in another State and resided there for at least two years, the law of that State applies instead. It should be pointed out, however, that spouses and registered partners will still be able to agree that the law of their country of habitual is to apply to their matrimonial property regime. Under the regulations, the applicable law is to regulate the dissolution of the property regimes of spouses or registered partners, and the partition, distribution or liquidation of the property. This means that under the regulations, the applicable law regulates matters of matrimonial property regimes both during the marriage and after its dissolution. There are also strong indications that under the regulations, the applicable law will also regulate procedures concerning distribution of property or equivalent. The current possibility under Swedish law to apply, at the request of a spouse, Swedish law to the procedure for distribution of property will thus no longer be available. Under the regulations, the principle of universality applies, which means that the law applicable under the regulations’ provisions applies irrespective of whether it is the law of a or of a third State. In relation to Swedish law, the regulations contain some new provisions on the formal validity of agreements on the choice of applicable law and matrimonial or partnership property agreements. A basic requirement of the regulations is that these legal acts must be in writing, dated and signed to be formally valid. At present under Swedish law, an agreement on the choice of applicable law need only be in writing to be formally valid. The regulations also mean that matrimonial and partnership property agreements and choice-of-law agreements must, in certain cases, be registered with the to be formally valid. At present under Swedish law, only matrimonial and partnership property agreements must be registered to be formally valid. Under the regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners, judgments issued in one must be recognised in the other Member States without any special procedure being required. For enforcement, the judgment must have been declared enforceable in the where enforcement is sought. According to the regulations, the procedure for applying for a declaration of enforceability is to be regulated by law in the en- forcing , unless otherwise provided by the regulations. Continued need for Swedish provisions The regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners will be directly applicable in , which means they will apply as Swedish law. However, there will still be a need for Swedish rules in this area. This applies to rules that supplement the regulations and provisions that incorporate the rules on matrimonial property regimes into the Nordic conventions. It also applies to provisions regulating international matters concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners, and provisions on matters concerning the recognition and enforcement of decisions not covered by the regulations and to which the inter-Nordic provisions on recognition and enforcement do not apply, either. Supplementary provisions to the regulations The regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners largely replace Swedish autonomous provisions on international jurisdiction and applicable law in matters concerning the property regimes of spouses and registered partners. In the regulations, however, Member States are given the possibility, through overriding mandatory provisions, to apply exceptions in relation to the provisions on applicable law. Overriding mandatory provisions are provisions the respect for which is regarded as crucial by a for safeguarding its public interests, such as its political, social or economic organisation, to such an extent that they are applicable to any situation falling within their scope. The Inquiry proposes supplementary provisions on overriding mandatory provisions. According to these provisions, the provisions of the Marriage Code concerning the disposal of spouses’ joint home and property and, on the distribution of property, a spouse’s right to take over such property, must always apply if the home and property are in . Supplementary provisions on a reserve forum are also proposed in cases when the regulations prescribe international jurisdiction for a Swedish court. Provisions on the registration of agreements on the choice of applicable law are also proposed. According to the regulations, the procedure for applying for a declaration of enforceability is to be regulated by the law in the enforcing , unless otherwise provided by the regulations. As supplementary provisions to the regulations, the Inquiry proposes that, in general, the procedure for applying for a declaration of enforceability (exequatur proceedings) should be in line with equivalent procedures under other international instruments, e.g. the Succession Regulation, and that such applications should be made to the district courts prescribed by the Government. Inter-Nordic provisions on matrimonial property regimes Under the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes, will no longer be able to apply the inter-Nordic provisions on international jurisdiction and applicable law in relation to . When a matter of matrimonial property regimes concerns relations between and , the provisions on international jurisdiction and applicable law in the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes will apply instead. However, under the Regulation will still be able to continue to apply all inter-Nordic provisions in relation to , and . Moreover, the Inquiry considers that the inter-Nordic provisions provide for simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions than does the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes. As a result, under the Nordic derogation in the Regulation, will be able to continue to apply the inter-Nordic provisions on recognition and enforcement even in relation to . The Inquiry proposes that the current inter-Nordic provisions on matrimonial property regimes be retained in principle. Thus, this concerns the provisions currently found in the ordinance and three acts mentioned above: the Ordinance concerning Legal Relationships relating to Marriage, Adoption and Guardianship, the Act on Inheritance in International Situations, the Act on the Recognition and Enforcement of Nordic Judgments in the Field of Private , and the Act on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments Issued in . Provisions on the property regimes of cohabitating partners International matters concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners are not covered by the regulations on property regimes of spouses and registered partners. The 2012 I Regulation and the 2007 Convention contain private international law provi- sions that the Inquiry considers applicable, at least with respect to certain matters concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners. Nevertheless, there is a need for autonomous Swedish provisions concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners. At present, the Act on Issues relating to the Property of Married and Unmarried Couples (1990:272) applies to matters concerning the property regimes of cohabiting partners. The Inquiry proposes that the current provisions on the property regimes of cohabiting partners be retained in principle. This means, among other things, that in the future the provisions on applicable law will differ between spouses and cohabiting partners.