sou · H0B315 · 2012-03-30 00:00:00 — Target 4: By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including , is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Target 6: By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and . Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning. Strategic goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 per cent of and areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes. Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification. Target 16: By 2015, the Protocol on Access to and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation. Strategic goal E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity Target 17: By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan. Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels. Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied. Target 20: By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to resource needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties. V.IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, REVIEW AND EVALUATION Means for implementation: The Strategic Plan will be implemented primarily through activities at the national or subnational level, with supporting action at the regional and global levels. The means of implementation for this Strategic Plan will include provision of financial resources in accordance with respective obligations under the Convention, taking into account Article 20 of the Convention. The Strategic Plan provides a flexible framework for the of national and regional targets. National biodiversity strategies and action plans are key instruments for translating the Strategic Plan to national circumstances, including through the national targets, and for integrating biodiversity across all sectors of government and society. The participation of all relevant stakeholders should be promoted and facilitated at all levels of implementation. Initiatives and activities of indigenous and local communities, contributing to the implementation of the Strategic Plan at the local level, should be supported and encouraged. The means for implementation may vary from country to country, according to national needs and circumstances. Nonetheless, countries should learn from each other when determining appropriate means for implementation. It is in this spirit that examples of the possible means for implementation are provided in the note by the Executive Secretary on the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020: provisional technical rationale, possible indicators and suggested milestones for the Biodiversity Targets.2 It is envisaged that implementation will be further supported by the Protocol on Access to and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising from their Utilization and other components of the international regime on access and benefit sharing which will facilitate the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.3 2The note, updated consistent with the targets as adopted and decision X/2, is available as UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27/Add.1. 3Note that the international regime on access and benefit-sharing is constituted of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Protocol on Access to and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising from their Utilization, as well as complementary instruments, including the on for Food and Agriculture and the Guidelines on Access to Sharing of the Benefits Arising Out of Their Utilization (decision X/1, preamble). 15.The programmes of work: The thematic programmes of work of the Convention include: biodiversity of inland waters, and biodiversity, agricultural biodiversity, biodiversity, biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands, mountain biodiversity and biodiversity. Together with the various cross-cutting issues4 they provide detailed guidance on implementation of the Strategic Plan, and could also contribute to development and poverty reduction. They are key tools to be considered in the updating of national biodiversity strategies and action plans. 16.Broadening political support for this Strategic Plan and the objectives of the Convention is necessary, for example, by working to ensure that Heads of State and Government and the parliamentarians of all Parties understand the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Parties to the Convention should be encouraged to establish national biodiversity targets that support the achievement of the Strategic Plan and the Biodiversity Targets and outline the measures and activities that will achieve this, such as the development of comprehensive national accounting, as appropriate, that integrates the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into government decision-making with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities and other stakeholders. 17.Partnerships at all levels are required for effective implementation of the Strategic Plan, to leverage actions at the scale necessary, to garner the ownership necessary to ensure mainstreaming of biodiversity across sectors of government, society and the economy and to find synergies with national implementation of multilateral environmental agreements. Partnerships with the programmes, funds and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, as well as with other conventions and multilateral and bilateral agencies, foundations, women, indigenous and local communities, and nongovernmental organizations, will be essential to support implementation of the Strategic Plan at the national level. At the international level, this requires partnerships between the Convention and other conventions, international organizations and processes, civil society and the private sector. In particular, efforts will be needed to: 4 A full list of programmes and initiatives is available at: (a)Ensure that the Convention, through its new Strategic Plan, contributes to sustainable development and the elimination of poverty, and the other Millennium Development Goals; (b)Ensure cooperation to achieve implementation of the Plan in different sectors; (c)Promote biodiversity-friendly practice by business; and (d)Promote synergy and coherence in the implementation of the multilateral environmental agreements.5 18.Reporting by Parties: Parties will inform the Conference of the Parties of the national targets or commitments and policy instruments they adopt to implement the Strategic Plan, as well as any milestones towards these targets, and report on progress towards these targets and milestones, including through their fifth and sixth national reports. Suggested milestones, as well as suggested indicators, are to be developed in accordance with the processes laid out in paragraphs 3 (b), (e) and 17 (g) of decision X/2 on the Strategic Plan as well as decision X/7 on goals, targets and associated indicators. Parliamentarians, by responding to the needs and expectations of citizens on a regular basis, should play a role in reviewing the implementation of the Convention at the national and subnational levels, as appropriate, to help Governments produce a more comprehensive review. 19.Review by the Conference of the Parties: The Conference of the Parties, with the support of other Convention bodies, in particular the on Review of Implementation of the Convention, will keep under review implementation of this Strategic Plan, and support effective implementation by Parties ensuring that new guidance is informed by the experience of Parties in implementing the Convention, in line with the principle of adaptive management through learning. The Conference of the Parties will review the progress towards the Biodiversity Targets as set out in the Strategic Plan and make recommendations to overcome any obstacles encountered in meeting those targets, including revision of the provisional technical rationale, possible indicators and suggested milestones for the Biodiversity Targets6 and measures contained therein, and, as appropri- 5The TEMETEA modules for the coherent implementation of multilateral environmental agreements and related instruments may be a useful tool to support this. 6 A note on provisional technical rationale, possible indicators and suggested milestones for the Biodiversity Targets is provided as UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27/Add.1. ate, to strengthen the mechanisms to support implementation, monitoring and review. To facilitate this work, the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) should develop a common set of biodiversity metrics to be used to assess the status of biodiversity and its values. 20.Capacity for effective national action: Many Parties, especially the developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, small developing States and the most environmentally vulnerable countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, may require support for the development of national targets and their integration into national biodiversity strategies and action plans, revised and updated in line with this Strategic Plan and guidance from the Conference of the Parties (decision IX/8). Global and regional capacity programmes could provide technical support and facilitate peer-to-peer exchange, complementing national activities supported by the financial mechanism in line with the four-year framework of programme priorities related to utilization of GEF resources for biodiversity for the period from 2010 to 2014 (decision IX/31). Capacitybuilding on gender mainstreaming in accordance with the Conventions gender plan of action, and for indigenous and local communities concerning the implementation of the Strategic Plan at national and subnational levels should be supported. 21.The Strategic Plan will be implemented through the programmes of work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and other national, regional and international activities. 22.Clearing-house mechanism and technology transfer: Collectively those involved in implementing the Convention have a wealth of experience and have developed many useful good practice cases, tools and guidance. There is additional useful information beyond this community. A biodiversity knowledge network will be developed, including a database and network of practitioners, to bring together this knowledge and experience and to make it available through the clearing house mechanism to facilitate and support enhanced implementation of the clearinghouse mechanism nodes comprising networks of experts with effective websites should be developed and sustained so that in each Party, all have access to the information, expertise and experience required to implement the Convention. National clearing house mechanism nodes should also be linked to the central clearing house mechanism managed by the Convention Secretariat, and information exchange between these should be facilitated. 23.Financial resources: The strategy for resource mobilization including the proposed concrete initiatives, targets and indicators to be developed, and processes for developing innovative mechanisms, provides a roadmap for achieving the effective implementation of Article 20, paragraphs 2 and 4, of the Convention, in order to provide adequate, predictable and timely new and additional financial resources, in support of the implementation of this Strategic Plan.8 24.Partnerships and initiatives to enhance cooperation. Cooperation will be enhanced with the programmes, funds and specialized agencies of the United Nations system as well as conventions and other multilateral and bilateral agencies, foundations and non-govern- mental organizations9 and indigenous and local communities, to support implementation of the Strategic Plan at the national level. Cooperation will also be enhanced with relevant regional bodies to promote regional biodiversity strategies and the integration of biodiversity into broader initiatives. Initiatives of the Convention such as South-South cooperation,10 promoting engagement of subnational governments, cities and local authorities,11 and business and biodiversity12 and promoting the engagement of parliamentarians, including through inter-parliamentary dialogues will contribute to the implementation of the Strategic Plan. 25.Support mechanisms for research, monitoring and assessment. The following are key elements to ensure effective implementation of the Strategic Plan: 7The prospective Initiative is relevant (decision X/6). 8See also decision X/3. 9Including, among others, , , the , FAO and IUCN. 10See also decisions IX/25 and X/23, on a multi-year plan of action for South-South cooperation on biodiversity for development for the period 2011–2020. 11Decision X/22 on the Plan of Action on Subnational Governments, Cities and other on Biodiversity. See also the /and Biodiversity (). 12Decisions VIII/17, IX/26 and X/21. (a)Global monitoring of biodiversity: work is needed to monitor the status and trends of biodiversity, maintain and share data, and develop and use indicators and agreed measures of biodiversity and ecosystem change;13 (b)Regular assessment of the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, future scenarios and effectiveness of responses: this could be provided through an enhanced role for the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice as well as the proposed intergovernmental platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services; (c)Ongoing research on biodiversity and ecosystem function and services and their relationship to human well being;14 (d)The contributions of knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity to all the above; (e)Capacity and timely, adequate, predictable and sustainable financial and technical resources. 13The , with further development and adequate resourcing, could facilitate this, together with Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the Biodiversity Indicators Partnership 14This is facilitated by, inter alia, DIVERSITAS, the Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society and other global change research programmes of (). 1.Tre blir två! Två nya myndigheter inom utbildningsområdet. 2.Framtidens högkostnadsskydd i vården. 3.Skatteincitament för riskkapital. 4.Kompletterande regler om personuppgiftsbehandling på det arbetsmarknadspolitiska området. 6.Åtgärder mot fusk och felaktigheter med assistansersättning. 7.Kunskapsläget på kärnavfallsområdet 2012 – långsiktig säkerhet, haverier och global utblick. 8.Skadeståndsansvar och försäkringsplikt vid sjötransporter – Atenförordningen och försäkringsdirektivet i svensk rätt. 9.Förmån och fälla – nyanländas uttag av föräldrapenning. 10.Läsarnas marknad, marknadens läsare –en forskningsantologi. 12.Penningtvätt – kriminalisering, förverkande och dispositionsförbud. 13.En sammanhållen svensk polis. 14.Ekonomisk värde och samhällsnytta –förslag till en ny statlig ägarförvaltning. 15.Plan för framtagandet av en strategi för långsiktigt hållbar markanvändning. vid sjötransporter – Atenförordningen och försäkringsdirektivet i svensk rätt. Penningtvätt – kriminalisering, förverkande och dispositionsförbud. En sammanhållen svensk polis. Framtidens högkostnadsskydd i vården. Åtgärder mot fusk och felaktigheter med assistansersättning. Skatteincitament för riskkapital. Ekonomisk värde och samhällsnytta – förslag till en ny statlig ägarförvaltning. Tre blir två! Två nya myndigheter inom utbildningsområdet. Kunskapsläget på kärnavfallsområdet 2012 – långsiktig säkerhet, haverier och global utblick. Plan för framtagandet av en strategi för långsiktigt hållbar markanvändning. Läsarnas marknad, marknadens läsare – en forskningsantologi. Kompletterande regler om personuppgiftsbehandling på det arbetsmarknadspolitiska området [4] Förmån och fälla – nyanländas uttag av föräldrapenning.