sou · GYB322d3 · 2011-01-01 00:00:00 — b)åtgärder för att stödja lokala kvinnogruppers fredsinitiativ och inhemska förfaranden för konfliktlösning och som innefattar kvinnors deltagande i alla mekanismerna för att genomföra fredsavtalen, c)åtgärder som tillgodoser skydd och respekt för kvinnors och flickors mänskliga rättigheter, särskilt med avseende på författ- ningen, valsystemet, polisväsendet och domstolsväsendet, 9.uppmanar alla parter i väpnade konflikter att till fullo respek- tera den internationella rätt som är tillämplig på kvinnors och flickors rättigheter och skydd, särskilt såsom civilbefolkning och särskilt de åtaganden som gäller dem enligt Genèvekon- ventioner med tilläggsprotokoll, flyktingkonven- tion med protokoll, konvention om avskaffande av alla former av diskriminering av kvinnor och dess fakultativa protokoll av samt konvention om barnets rättigheter av och dess två fakultativa protokoll av och att beakta de relevanta bestämmelserna i om , 10.uppmanar alla parter i väpnade konflikter att vidta särskilda åtgärder för att skydda kvinnor och flickor mot sexuellt våld, särskilt våldtäkt och andra former av sexuellt utnyttjande och alla andra former av våld i situationer av väpnad konflikt, 11.understryker att alla stater är skyldiga att avskaffa straff- löshet och att lagföra alla personer som anklagas för folkmord, brott mot mänskligheten samt krigsförbrytelser, däribland brott som sammanhänger med sexuellt och annat våld mot kvinnor och flickor, och betonar i detta hänseende nödvändigheten av att, där så är möjligt, undanta dessa brott från amnesti, 12.uppmanar alla parter i väpnade konflikter att respektera flyktinglägrens och flyktinganläggningarnas civila och humanitära karaktär och att ta hänsyn till kvinnors och flickors särskilda behov, inte minst vid utformningen av dessa läger och anlägg- ningar, och åberopar säkerhetsrådets resolutioner (1998) av och 1296 (2000) av , 13.uppmanar alla som deltar i planering av avväpning, demobi- lisering och återanpassning att beakta de olika behov som kvinnliga och manliga ex-kombattanter har och att beakta deras anhörigas behov, 14.bekräftar åter att det är berett att, när rådet antar åtgärder med stöd av artikel 41 i stadga, beakta åtgär- dernas möjliga inverkan på civilbefolkningen, med hänsyn till kvin- nors och flickors särskilda behov, för att överväga lämpliga undan- tag av humanitära skäl, 15.uttrycker sin beredskap att trygga att säkerhetsrådets insats- grupper beaktar könsrelaterade aspekter och kvinnors rättigheter, däribland genom samråd med lokala och internationella kvinno- grupper, 16.uppmanar generalsekreteraren att verkställa en undersökning av väpnade konflikters inverkan på kvinnor och flickor, kvinnornas roll i fredsuppbyggandet och genusaspekterna på fredsprocesser och konfliktlösning och uppmanar vidare generalsekreteraren att avge en rapport till säkerhetsrådet om resultatet av sin undersök- ning och att delge alla medlemsstater rap- porten, 17.anmodar generalsekreteraren att, i förekommande fall, i sin rapport till säkerhetsrådet inkludera uppgifter om arbetet med jäm- ställdhetsintegrering i alla fredsbevarande insatsgrupper och upp- gifter om andra aspekter som berör kvinnor och flickor, 18.beslutar att fortsätta att aktivt ägna sig åt denna fråga. 1612 (2005), on establishing monitoring, reporting mechanism on use of child soldiers (1612) Det internationella samfundet har försökt hantera problematiken med barn och väpnade konflikter. Barns utsatthet och speciella behov under väpnade konflikter har adresserats av den humanitära rätten tillbaka. och dessas tilläggsprotokoll ger barn under en väpnad konflikt dels ett generellt skydd som gäller för civila, dels ett särskilt skydd som extra skyddsvärda. Skyddet för barn i väpnade konflikter regleras även i andra interna- konventioner, exempelvis FN:skonvention om barnets rättigheter () vilken slår fast barnets grund- läggande rättigheter och även gäller i en väpnad konflikt. Sedan antogs har frågan om att det bör slås fast en 18-årsgräns för barns inblandning i väpnade konflikter varit uppe till debatt. Den debatten ledde till att ett fakultativt protokoll om barnets rättigheter vid indragning av barn i väpnade konflikter skapades. blev aktivt i denna fråga i slutet av 1990- talet och antog säkerhetsrådet sex resolu- tioner om barn i väpnad konflikt (hade säkerhets- rådet aldrig behandlat frågan). Som exempel kan säkerhetsråds- resolution nämnas. Som ett led i att stärka skyddet av barn i väpnade konflikter etablerar denna resolution bl.a. en arbetsgrupp som ska granska utvecklingen och genom- förandet av de tidsbestämda handlingsplaner som stater, genom resolution (2004), uppmanats att utarbeta för att stoppa rekrytering och användning av barn i väpnad konflikt. Resolu- tionen inrättar vidare övervaknings- och rapporteringsmeka- nismer rörande kränkningar av barns rättigheter. Ändamålet med dessa är att samla in och bereda aktuell, objektiv och pålitlig information om rekrytering och användning av barn- soldater i strid med internationell rätt. Resolutionen beslutar vidare om inkludering av barnspecifika komponenter i FN:s fredsinsatser. FN:s samtliga demobiliseringsprogram innehåller nu sådana komponenter. Resolutionen antogs av år . Publicering: UN Doc. S/RES/1612 (2005) Reaffirming its resolutions (1999) of 25 1999, 1314 (2000) of 11 2000, 1379 (2001) of , 1460 (2003) of 30 January 2003, and 1539 (2004) of , which contribute to a comprehensive framework for addressing the protection of children affected by armed conflict, While noting the advances made for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, particularly in the areas of advocacy and the development of norms and standards, remaining deeply concerned over the lack of overall progress on the ground, where parties to conflict continue to violate with impunity the relevant provisions of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict, Stressing the primary role of national Governments in providing effective protection and relief to all children affected by armed conflicts, Recalling the responsibilities of States to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children, Convinced that the protection of children in armed conflict should be regarded as an important aspect of any comprehensive strategy to resolve conflict, Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and, in this connection, its commitment to address the widespread impact of armed conflict on children, Stressing its determination to ensure respect for its resolutions and other international norms and standards for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 9 February 2005 (S/2005/72) and stressing that the present resolution does not seek to make any legal determination as to whether situations which are referred to in the Secretary- Generals report are or are not armed conflicts within the context of the Conventions and the Additional Protocols thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal status of the non-State parties involved in these situations, Gravely concerned by the documented links between the use of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and stressing the need for all States to take measures to prevent and to put an end to such trafficking, 1.Strongly condemns the recruitment and use of child soldiers by parties to armed conflict in violation of international obligations applicable to them and all other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict; 2.Takes note of the action plan presented by the Secretary- General relating to the of a monitoring and reporting mechanism on children and armed conflict as called for in paragraph 2 of its resolution (2004) and, in this regard: (a)Underlines that the mechanism is to collect and provide timely, objective, accurate and reliable information on the recruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and on other violations and abuses committed against children affected by armed conflict, and the mechanism will report to the working group to be created in accordance with paragraph 8 of this resolution; (b)Underlines further that this mechanism must operate with the participation of and in cooperation with national Governments and relevant United Nations and civil society actors, including at the country level; (c)Stresses that all actions undertaken by United Nations entities within the framework of the monitoring and reporting mechanism must be designed to support and supplement, as appropriate, the protection and rehabilitation roles of national Governments; (d)Also stresses that any dialogue established under the framework of the monitoring and reporting mechanism by United Nations entities with non-State armed groups in order to ensure protection for and access to children must be conducted in the context of peace processes where they exist and the cooperation framework between the United Nations and the concerned Government; 3.Requests the Secretary-General to implement without delay, the abovementioned monitoring and reporting mechanism, beginning with its application, within existing resources, in close consultation with countries concerned, to parties in situations of armed conflict listed in the annexes to the Secretary-Generals report (S/2005/72) that are on the agenda of the , and then, in close consultation with countries concerned, to apply it to parties in other situations of armed conflict listed in the annexes to the Secretary-Generals report (S/2005/72), bearing in mind the discussion of the and the views expressed by Member States, in particular during the annual debate on Children and Armed Conflict, and also taking into account the findings and recommendations of an independent review on the implementation of the mechanism to be reported to the by 31 2006. The independent review will include: (a)An assessment of the overall effectiveness of the mechanism, as well as the timeliness, accuracy, objectivity and reliability of the information compiled through the mechanism; (b)Information on how effectively the mechanism is linked to the work of the and other organs of the United Nations; (c)Information on the relevance and clarity of the division of responsibilities; (d)Information on the budgetary and other resource implications for United Nations actors and voluntary funded organizations contributing to the mechanism; (e)Recommendations for the full implementation of the mechanism; 4.Stresses that the implementation of the monitoring and reporting mechanism by the Secretary-General will be undertaken only in the context of and for the specific purpose of ensuring the protection of children affected by armed conflict and shall not thereby prejudge or imply a decision by the as to whether or not to include a situation on its agenda; 5.Welcomes the initiatives taken by and other United Nations entities to information on the recruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and on other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict and invites the Secretary- General to take due account of these initiatives during the initial phase of implementation of the mechanism referred to in paragraph 3; 6.Notes that information compiled by this mechanism, for reporting by the Secretary-General to the General and the , may be considered by other international, regional and national bodies, within their mandates and the scope of their work, in order to ensure the protection, rights and well- being of children affected by armed conflict; 7.Expresses serious concern regarding the lack of progress in development and implementation of the action plans called for in paragraph 5 (a) of its resolution (2004) and, pursuant to this, calls on the parties concerned to develop and implement action plans without further delay, in close collaboration with United Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, consistent with their respective mandates and within their capabilities; and requests the Secretary-General to provide criteria to assist in the development of such action plans; 8.Decides to establish a working group of the Security Council consisting of all members of the Council to review the reports of the mechanism referred to in paragraph 3 of this resolution, to review progress in the development and implementation of the action plans mentioned in paragraph 7 of this resolution and to consider other relevant information presented to it; decides further that the working group shall: (a)Make recommendations to measures to promote the protection of children affected by armed conflict, including through recommendations on appropriate mandates for peacekeeping missions and recommendations with respect to the parties to the conflict; (b)Address requests, as appropriate, to other bodies within the United Nations system for action to support implementation of this resolution in accordance with their respective mandates; 9.Recalls paragraph 5 (c) of its resolution (2004), and reaffirms its intention to consider imposing, through country- specific resolutions, targeted and graduated measures, such as, inter alia, a ban on the export and supply of small arms and light weapons and of other military equipment and on military assistance, against parties to situations of armed conflict which are on the agenda and are in violation of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict; 10.Stresses the responsibility of United Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, consistent with their respective mandates, to ensure effective follow-up to resolutions, ensure a coordinated response to CAAC concerns and to monitor and report to the Secretary-General; 11.Welcomes the efforts undertaken by United Nations peacekeeping operations to implement the Secretary-Generals zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to ensure full compliance of their personnel with the United Nations code of conduct, requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard and to keep the informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action including predeployment awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of misconduct involving their personnel; 12.Decides to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection of children in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations, including the deployment, on a case-by- case basis, of child-protection advisers (CPAs), and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for and the number and roles of CPAs are systematically assessed during the preparation of each United Nations peacekeeping operation; welcomes the comprehensive assessment undertaken on the role and activities of CPAs with a view to drawing lessons learned and best practices; 13.Welcomes recent initiatives by regional and subregional organizations and arrangements for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, and encourages continued mainstreaming of child protection into their advocacy, policies and programmes; development of peer review and monitoring and reporting mechanisms; , within their secretariats, of child-protection mechanisms; inclusion of child-protection staff and training in their peace and field operations; sub- and interregional initiatives to end activities harmful to children in times of conflict, in particular cross-border recruitment and abduction of children, illicit movement of small arms, and illicit trade in natural resources through the development and implementation of guidelines on children and armed conflict; 14.Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of children affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes; 15.Calls upon all parties concerned to abide by the international obligations applicable to them relating to the protection of children affected by armed conflict as well as the concrete commitments they have made to the Special Representative of the Secretary- General for Children and Armed Conflict, to and other United Nations agencies and to cooperate fully with the United Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, where appropriate, in the context of the cooperation framework between the United Nations and the concerned Government, in the follow-up and implementation of these commitments; 16.Urges Member States, United Nations entities, regional and subregional organizations and other parties concerned, to take appropriate measures to control illicit subregional and cross-border activities harmful to children, including illicit exploitation of natural resources, illicit trade in small arms, abduction of children and their use and recruitment as soldiers as well as other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international law; 17.Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations entities and financial institutions, to support the development and strengthening of the capacities of national institutions and local civil society networks for advocacy, protection and rehabilitation of children affected by armed conflict to ensure the sustainability of local child-protection initiatives; 18.Requests that the Secretary-General direct all relevant United Nations entities to take specific measures, within existing resources, to ensure systematic mainstreaming of CAAC issues within their respective institutions, including by ensuring allocation of adequate financial and human resources towards protection of war-affected children within all relevant offices and departments and on the ground as well as to strengthen, within their respective mandates, their cooperation and coordination when addressing the protection of children in armed conflict; 19.Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that, in all his reports on country-specific situations, the protection of children is included as a specific aspect of the report, and expresses its intention to give its full attention to the information provided therein when dealing with those situations on its agenda; 20.Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report by on the implementation of this resolution and resolutions (2001), 1460 (2003), and 1539 (2004) which would include, inter alia: (a)Information on compliance by parties in ending the recruitment or use of children in armed conflict in violation of applicable international law and other violations being committed against children affected by armed conflict; (b)Information on progress made in the implementation of the monitoring and reporting mechanism mentioned in paragraph 3; (c)Information on progress made in the development and implementation of the action plans referred to in paragraph 7 of the present resolution; (d)Information on the assessment of the role and activities of CPAs; 21.Decides to remain actively seized of this matter. Resolution (2008), on sexual violence against civilians in conflict zones, and rape as war crime antog enhälligt resolution om sexuellt våld mot civila i konflikter och våldtäkt som krigsförbrytelse. 1820 är en fortsättning på resolution , som behandlade kvinnor, fred och säkerhet och tog upp frågor om sexuellt våld i krig. Den nya resolutionen fördömer våldtäkt och andra former av sexualiserat våld i konfliktsituationer och säger att våldtäkt kan utgöra krigsförbrytelse, brott mot mänskligheten och en konstituerande handling för folkmord. Resolutionen föreskriver även att amnesti inte ska beviljas för sexualiserat våld i freds- förhandlingar och att förövare måste ställas inför rätta. Vidare markerar resolutionen att säkerhetsrådet kan besluta om sank- tioner då systematiska våldtäkter begås i en icke-internationell eller internationell konflikt. Resolutionen antogs av år . Publicering: UN Doc. S/RES/1820 (2008) Reaffirming its commitment to the continuing and full imple- mentation of resolution (2000), 1612 (2005) and 1674 (2006) and recalling the Statements of its president of 31 October 2001 (/PRST/2001/31), 31 October 2002 (Security Coun- cil/PRST/2002/32), 28 October 2004 (/PRST/2004/40), 27 October 2005 (/PRST/2005/52), (/PRST/2006/42), 7 2007 (/PRST/2007/5), and 24 October 2007 (/PRST/2007/40); Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming also the resolve expressed in the 2005 World Sum- mit Outcome Document to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, including by ending impunity and by ensuring the protection of civilians, in particular women and girls, during and after armed conflicts, in accordance with the obligations States have undertaken under international humanitarian law and interna- tional human rights law; Recalling the commitments of the form for Action (A/52/231) as well as those contained in the out- come document of the twenty-third Special Session of the United Nations General entitled Women 2000: Gender Equa- lity, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century (A/S- 23/10/Rev.1), in particular those concerning sexual violence and women in situations of armed conflict; Reaffirming also the obligations of States Parties to the Conven- tion on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Optional Protocol thereto, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto, and urging states that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to them, Noting that civilians account for the vast majority of those adversely affected by armed conflict; that women and girls are particularly targeted by the use of sexual violence, including as a tactic of war to humiliate, dominate, instil fear in, disperse and/or forcibly relocate civilian members of a community or ethnic group; and that sexual violence perpetrated in this may in some instances persist after the cessation of hostilities; Recalling its condemnation in the strongest terms of all sexual and other forms of violence committed against civilians in armed conflict, in particular women and children; Reiterating deep concern that, despite its repeated condemna- tion of violence against women and children in situations of armed conflict, including sexual violence in situations of armed conflict, and despite its calls addressed to all parties to armed conflict for the cessation of such acts with immediate effect, such acts continue to occur, and in some situations have become systematic and wide- spread, reaching appalling levels of brutality, Recalling the inclusion of a range of sexual violence offences in the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the statutes of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals, Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding, and stressing the importance of their equal participation and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, and the need to increase their role in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention and resolution,