sou · GUB3101 · 2007-01-01 00:00:00 — Utveckla och stärk kompetenscentra som är strategiska för respektive regions förutsättningar och behov utifrån de resurser och aktörer som finns. Utforma ett arbete i syfte att påverka attityder och förändra könsrollsstyrda utbildnings- och yrkesval, dels för att tillgodose efterfrågan på arbetskraft inom bristyrken och dels för att påverka jämställdheten. Stärk kritisk och teorigenererande forskning om sociala och ekonomiska förändringar på den svenska landsbygden. Stärk problem- och handlingsinriktad forskning som stödjer, granskar och medverkar till utvecklingsinsatser och innovatio- ner som kan bidra till en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling. Stärk empiriskt inriktad forskning som kan informera politi- ker och andra aktörer om konsekvenser av olika insatser. Stärk tvär- och mångvetenskaplig forskning om naturresurs- förvaltning och landsbygdsutveckling. Skapa sammanhang för utbyte och samverkan mellan svenska landsbygdsforskare. 2004 to appoint an all-party (, Jo 2004:05) with the remit of drafting a long-term strategy for national policy for rural development. The strategy is to build on the objective of the ecologically, economi- cally and socially sustainable development of rural areas, including the role of agriculture, forestry, fishing and reindeer husbandry and their conditions for development. has identified the following important conditions for the attainment of the overall objective: –Local influence and a bottom-up perspective in order to be- nefit from differences and distinctive features. –A stronger position for the rural perspective in all policy areas and in all policy design. –A holistic perspective and inter-sectoral cooperation in view of the distinctive features and special needs of rural areas. –Clarification of responsibility for the implementation of rural policy. Based on this, has given the following titles to the five chapters that make up the core of its fi- nal report. –Local perspective on democracy, responsibility and roles. –Rural business and the rural labour market. –Landscape change – agriculture, forestry, fishing and reindeer husbandry , nature and the cultural environment. –Challenges to make everyday life work – living conditions in rural areas. –Skills, learning and research. The proposals of are summari- sed below under these headings. Local perspective on democracy, responsibility and roles Social changes due to globalisation, EU membership and regionali- sation have created new structures in the democratic system. New decision-making levels have been added at the same time as sectori- sation and specialisation present obstacles to the application of a holistic perspective to important social issues. In central govern- ment there is a centralising tendency that results in different func- tions being brought together in fewer organisational bodies. One important part of a strategy for sustainable economic, social and environmental development is to drawn on peoples commitment to their local community. The Rural Development Committees proposals to the Underline the fundamental importance of the local level and the non-profit sector for local development. Put in place the conditions needed to give the local level con- tinuous influence on municipal, regional and national processes of change and development. Strengthen the participation of local development groups, as- sociations, popular movements and organisations in the deve- lopment and implementation of activities that create good con- ditions for making everyday life work. Clarify roles and responsibilities throughout the public structure for rural development. Develop a better-coordinated central government sector for rural areas. Strengthen cooperation between planning and decision-ma- king bodies at all levels. Develop public-sector leadership and support local leadership so as to draw on peoples initiative and abilities. Take account of local needs in development planning and physical planning. Cooperate with local interest groups to draft municipal com- prehensive plans that highlight the resources and potential of rural areas. Stimulate and enable municipalities to actively develop strate- gic local development planning for rural areas rooted in the mu- nicipalitys overall strategies and visions, in cooperation with the local level. Promote the formation of partnerships between public admi- nistration, companies and non-profit organisations as a power- ful method tool in development processes in which democratic scrutiny has to be secured. Strengthen political influence and involvement at municipal and regional level concerning the preparation and decision pro- cess for the Rural Development Programme in the parts where this is possible, especially in axes 1 and 3. This also applies to other programmes of importance for rural development. Clarify and strengthen the rural dimension of regional deve- lopment planning. Significantly reinforce the role of the municipalities in regio- nal work on strategies and programmes (RDP work) in which rural areas must be highlighted, stimulated and given priority. Develop coordination at regional level for preparation of and decisions on issues concerning regional development (especially issues concerning the regional development programme). Strengthen coordination in the Government Offices and im- prove the Governments control of agencies and state-owned companies in order to stimulate the development of rural areas. Describe the impacts for rural areas ahead of all planned poli- tical decisions and instruct public authorities and publicly ow- ned companies to describe the consequences of decisions and measures for rural services and other rural development (rural- proofing). Follow up how public authorities fulfil these instructions in a broad cross-sectoral perspective. Make sure that follow-ups and evaluations are carried out continuously as part of the learning and development process. Rural business and the rural labour market Rural needs a more diverse business sector with a dynamic labour market. industries are a base for growth and deve- lopment. The cross-fertilisation of agriculture, forestry, fishing and reindeer husbandry and other industries accounts for an important part of the major assets of rural areas. Combined with expansive entrepreneurship and good infrastructure this can help to give the whole country a more growth-oriented and socially responsible economy with a good and varied living environment. The Rural Development Committees proposals to the Government: Develop the special conditions and assets of rural areas in issues concerning enterprise and the labour market by reinforcing the rural dimension of the relevant policy areas. Deepen the knowledge and understanding of the resources and potential of rural areas for economic development and employment among municipalities, government authorities, fi- nancial institutions, education coordinators, and business and organisations. Improve the conditions for rural businesses and entreprene- urs through a considerable reinforcement to enable use of comprehensive infrastructure in the form of communications and IT systems. The public sector has a particular responsibility for sparsely populated and rural areas. Reinforce the possibilities for rural companies to develop their operations. Important areas are: generation shifts, supply of skills, financing/investment opportunities, innovation/R&D, and expanded markets and market knowledge. Particular atten- tion must be given to the ability of rural companies to access capital. Clarify the special conditions of place-bound companies as potential for strategic growth. Strategic areas are production and processing of food products and raw materials, the pro- duction of renewable energy, tourism, recreation, and landscape and nature conservation. Give supplementary terms of reference to to present proposals for a clarification of Chapter 2, Section 18 of the Instrument of Government (right to property) with the intention of paying particular attention to the conditions for the development of place-bound industries. Secure a long-term and sustainable balance between the con- servation of arable land for the production of food and energy, on the one hand, and the use of such land for community deve- lopment and other public purposes, on the other. Clarify that in selecting locations for community develop- ment consideration is to be given to arable land as a production resource both through physical planning and through the appli- cation of the Environmental Codes general rules of considera- tion concerning land and water management in certain areas. Improve the conditions for small-scale activities and produc- tion in the application of existing regulations. Simplify the regulations for public procurement and their ap- plication for small-scale activities and production. Landscape change – agriculture, forestry, fishing and reindeer husbandry, nature and the cultural environment The landscape as a resource builds on an economic, social and envi- ronmental dimension of great importance for peoples quality of life. Landscape values are to be conserved and developed through protection, management and planning. At the same time, the lands- cape has several important functions for economic growth. The balance between private and public interests in the landscape is a positive challenge that can generate new jobs. The Rural Develop- ment Committee considers that a landscape that is experienced as attractive can be used in an effective, sustainable and productive way at the same time. The balance between private and public inte- rests in the landscape provides the opportunity of creating new jobs on condition that more people get involved. The Rural Development Committees proposals to the Make the resources of the landscape visible to the general public by increasing the interfaces between town and country. It is particularly important to make knowledge about the links to and dependence on the landscape clear to children and young people. Strengthen knowledge about the landscapes values at all po- litical and administrative levels. Develop planning tools and design processes so that they bu- ild on a holistic perspective and enable local participation. Develop assessment tools so that the contribution of envi- ronmental producers to public goods can be assessed and made visible. Support new initiatives that seek to combine various social, economic and environmental objectives set up by society. Create demonstration environments, evaluate trials and spread knowledge about good examples, where land with high nature and environmental values is also accessible. Strengthen use through advice, skills development and simplified application of various regulations. Make use of the landscapes potential as a producer of sustai- nable energy. Strengthen knowledge about links between nature values, employment and energy production linked to societys energy needs. Take account of the change to the landscape when it is used for energy production and shed light on the effects of this change. Strengthen preparedness ahead of future climate changes. Take account of the different conditions for meeting possible needs for areas for cultivation and for other land areas. Strengthen knowledge about how climate changes can impact on different parts of the country. Challenges to make everyday life work – living conditions in rural areas The needs people have in order to make their everyday lives work for them are similar. But their conditions differ. This is why different solutions must be possible, irrespective of where in the country we live, as well as what phase of life we are in. The Rural Development Committee considers that everyone li- ving in rural areas is entitled to good housing, social security, safety and accessible services, good communications and guaranteed ac- cess to technical solutions like broadband and mobile telephony. Living patterns are constantly changing. For instance, today more people are choosing to live in their recreational home for larger pe- riods of time. The Rural Development Committees proposals to the Develop a balanced and varied mix of types of housing for yo- ung people, old people and families with children in rural areas. Investigate the consequences of more seasonal residents in order to find solutions that give municipalities with a large pro- portion of seasonal residents the right to compensation and the seasonal residents better democratic rights in the municipality they stay in for long periods of time. Increase the ability of municipalities to provide good and at- tractive housing through more flexible rules on shoreline pro- tection. Strengthen and expand the state housing guarantee system in order to facilitate new-build and renovation in rural areas. Strengthen the possibilities of conserving, developing and making use of housing environments of cultural and historical value. Develop positive incentives for immigrants to move to rural areas. Ensure basic social security and safety for people in rural areas. out a coordinated, long-term national programme of development work in order to enhance access to secure, acces- sible services at regional, municipal and local levels. Instruct government authorities and state-owned companies to take more responsibility for rural development and to parti- cipate in new, coordinated service solutions. Investigate the conditions for coordinating and developing other types of services via the rural postal delivery service. Instruct the national traffic agencies to improve their follow- up of the distribution of funds for rural infrastructure. Coordinate the operation and maintenance of and invest- ments in the public and private road networks in rural areas, along with local, regional and national actors. Take special action to develop and coordinate logistics for ru- ral passenger, freight and goods transport. Secure flight connections in areas with major geographical distances and also ferry connections to for both passenger and freight transport. Adapt the possibilities of making tax deductions for work with private cars to energy costs. Stimulate the development of environment-friendly traffic systems in sparsely-populated environments. Secure the possibility of nationwide access to high-speed data communication and mobile telephony in rural areas and accele- rate cooperation between different actors in society in order to reinforce preparedness to secure electricity supply, radio and telecommunications. Skills, learning and research society makes greater demands for continuous learning by its citizens. This is why conditions must be created for lifelong learning. The system that has been built up for education is facing major challenges and renewal needs, not least on the basis of the situation in rural areas. It is extremely important to give special attention to the area of education and matching processes in small local labour markets, but the concept of learning in a broad sense also touches on questions of democracy, influence and participa- tion. Rural meeting places for learning and development are im- portant. Analyses need to be made of and strategies formulated for how these needs are to be satisfied in the future. In an international comparison, Swedish rural research is relati- vely thin with a small amount of published work and limited parti- cipation in international research cooperation. In part this reflects the fact that rural areas and rural policy carry more weight in many other countries. Rural areas are not seen as a scientific field in Swedish research, and this has probably contributed to the relative invisibility of the rural dimension in Swedish policy. Swedish rese- who study conditions in rural areas mainly do so as part of research in their own disciplines. Exchanges between researchers are limited, mainly because there is a lack of contexts and arenas for this. production and environmental issues have research structures with research councils, research strategies, established research fields and subjects. ronmental Research (MISTRA), , Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas), () and Sciences (SLU) play a major role for this research. SLUs sectoral role has recently been investigated. However, there are no such structures and contexts for rural social and economic issues. Action should therefore be taken to support the development of a systematic body of know- ledge on social and economic conditions in rural areas. There is also a need for cross-disciplinary research that brings social science and natural science perspectives to bear on rural development. The Rural Development Committees proposals to the Develop new organisational solutions and flexible forms for sa- tisfying the need for education in rural areas. Develop the forms for cooperation between local authorities, within local authorities and between actors in different policy areas in order to coordinate resources to satisfy the need for learning and education in rural areas. Develop and strengthen centres of expertise that are of stra- tegic importance for the situation and needs of their regions on the basis of existing resources and actors. Influence attitudes and change gender roles in educational and vocational choices, both to meet the demand for labour in shortage occupations and to influence gender equality. Strengthen critical and theory-generating research on social and economic change in rural . Strengthen problem- and action-oriented research that sup- ports, examines and helps to bring about development work and innovations that can contribute to sustainable rural areas. Strengthen empirical research that can inform politicians and other actors about the impacts of various measures. Strengthen cross-disciplinary and multidisciplinary research on natural resources management and rural development. Create contexts for exchanges and cooperation between Swedish rural researchers. Regeringen beslutade i direktiv Jo 2004:87TPF1FPT att tillsätta en parlamentarisk kommitté (, Jo 2004:05) med uppdrag att utarbeta en långsiktig strategi för den nationella politiken för hållbar landsbygdsutveckling. Strategin ska utgå från målet om en ekologiskt, ekonomiskt och socialt hållbar utveckling av landsbygden inbegripet de areella näringarnas roll och utvecklingsförutsättningar. Behovet av en utredning motiveras bland annat av de föränd- ringar som har genomförts i politiken för de areella näringarna, där behovet av landsbygdsinsatser på ett mer påtagligt sätt uppmärksammats. strategiförslag, som i betänkandet pre- senteras i särskilda rutor, tillsammans med förklaringar och moti- veringar, förväntas leda till konkretisering i form av mål, program, åtgärder och insatser. Vi har inte haft till uppgift att lägga fram detaljerade förslag till åtgärder, utan vi har fullföljt våra direktiv och arbetat med övergri- pande och strategiska frågeställningar. Det blir nu regeringens upp- gift att konkretisera våra strategiförslag. 1.1Landsbygdskommitténs tolkning av det samlade uppdraget Utvecklingen på landsbygden uppfattades länge som i hög grad vara synonym med de areella näringarnas utveckling och har där- igenom tidigare i stor utsträckning varit föremål för en sektorspo- litik. I detta slutbetänkande har belyst be- hovet av strategier ur ett helhetsperspektiv. 1TP PT Direktiv i; bilaga Insikten att de areella näringarna i hög utsträckning har skapat landsbygdens värden är grundläggande för synsätt. behöver landsbygden utvecklas inom praktiskt taget alla politikområden för att uppnå en långsiktigt ekonomiskt, socialt och miljömässigt hållbar utveckling, som kommer hela landet tillgodo. Detta är ett synsätt som alltmer kommit att prägla även den nuvarande landsbygdspolitiken och som tydligt kommer fram i Landsbygdsprogrammet –2013, bland annat genom till- komsten av axel tre. I utredningen en ny landsbygdspolitikTPF2FPT betonas den sär- skildhet som präglar landsbygden och som motiverar särskilda in- satser. De karaktäristiska förutsättningarna utgörs dels av den fy- siska miljön som är präglad av naturlandskapet, det brukade land- skapet och den byggda miljön, dels av glesheten som ger speciella förutsättningar åt nästan all mänsklig aktivitet. Eftersom de areella näringarna utgör viktiga basnäringar och i många fall också är grundförutsättningar för andra näringars ut- veckling och diversifiering, beror landsbygdens utveckling i hög grad på dessa näringars förmåga att fortsatt utvecklas. Såväl för de areella näringarnas som för annan företagsamhets utveckling och för att livsvillkoren på landsbygden ska fungera tillfredsställande behöver en ny politik utformas, som ser till helheten. Just detta korsbefruktande och helhetsperspektivet har kommittén uppfattat som särskilt viktigt. Uppmärksamheten och sammanvägningen av både allmän landsbygdsutveckling och jordbrukets särskilda ställ- ning på landsbygden ska inte och behöver inte stå emot varandra, utan bör ses som ömsesidigt förstärkande. ser därför behovet av en politik för landsbygden som berör praktiskt taget alla politikområden, men också att en tydlig landsbygdsdimension behöver utvecklas inom samtliga politikområden var för sig. utarbetade tidigt i processen en arbets- plan, enligt nedan: Kommitténs idé är, att med ett öppet och utåtriktat arbetssätt och genom dialog och samråd, involvera företrädare för myndig- heter, näringsliv, organisationer och övriga intresserade att med- verka till en långsiktig strategi för den nationella politiken för landsbygdsutveckling. Medborgarperspektivet ska råda i kommit- 2TP PT SOU 2003:29 Mot en ny landsbygdspolitik Behovet av en bred och djup kunskap om landsbygdens förutsättningar behöver speglas i alla samhällsnivåer. Kommittén ska anlägga helhetssyn och bredda basen för tillska- pandet av framgångsstrategier för landsbygdsutveckling. Kommit- tén är medveten om det starka nationella intresset och att det inbe- griper ett behov av att skapa goda förutsättningar för utveckling på den lokala, kommunala och regionala nivån. De horisontella målområden som kommittén har att arbeta med och som följaktligen ska genomsyra varje del av strategin är: Ekologiskt, socialt och ekonomiskt hållbar utveckling och etiskt försvarbart naturresursbruk Kvinnors, mäns och ungdomars lika villkor Förutsättningar för en god integration Förutsättningar för demokrati och ledarskap Genomlysning av landsbygdens komplexitet De strategiområden som kommittén fastslagit är: Näringsliv och entreprenörskap på landsbygden Demokrati, ansvar och helhetssyn Landskapet, naturen och den kulturella miljön Kommersiell och offentlig service I detta skede ansåg Kommittén att kompetens, lärande och forsk- ning skulle behandlas inom respektive strategiområden, vilket se- nare omvärderats. I slutbetänkandet har därför detta område till- förts som ett eget strategiområde. De utgångspunkter som i övrigt varit vägledande i arbetat har va- rit: Resurserna på landsbygden nyttjas utan att äventyra kom- mande generationers möjligheter till nyttjande. Alla medborgare och särskilt de som bor och verkar på lands- bygden har möjlighet att påverka och ta ansvar för samhällsut- vecklingen på landsbygden. ska ha förutsättningar att konkurrera på likvärdiga villkor som företag i andra ortsstrukturer. Landsbygden är ekonomiskt livskraftig och har höga natur- och kulturvärden och socialt fungerande områden med levande byar, bygder och orter. Välfärdssystemet anpassas till de demografiska förändringar som råder i olika landsbygder med likvärdighet som mål. En av hörnstenarna i arbete har varit am- bitionen att synliggöra landsbygden och de resurser som landsbyg- den har till gagn för hela nationens utveckling. Det gäller för alla att se och upptäcka landsbygden. Ett bra hjälpmedel är att ta på landsbygdsglasögonen och Se landsbygden!