eunbil · GT0N1601 · 2006-07-14 00:00:00 — (b) Member States may require proof of appropriate language proficiency for access to education and training. Access to university may be subject to the fulfilment of specific educational prerequisites. As soon as they have received the permit provided for by Article 19 in the second , long-term residents shall in that enjoy equal treatment in the areas and under the conditions referred to in Long-term residents shall have access to the labour market in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1. Member States may provide that the persons referred to in Article 14(2)(a) shall have restricted access to employed activities different than those for which they have been granted their permit under the conditions set by national legislation for a period not exceeding 12 months. Member States may decide in accordance with national law the conditions under which the persons referred to in Article 14(2)(b) or (c) may have access to an employed or self- 2004/81/EC Member States shall define the rules under which holders of the permit shall be authorised to have access to the labour market, to vocational training and education. nationals who are victims Such access shall be limited to the duration of the beings or who have been the subject of an action to The conditions and the procedures for authorising access to the labour market, to vocational training and education shall be determined, under the national legislation, by the 06/08/2004 2004/83/EC Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of refugee status to engage in employed or self-employed activities subject to rules generally applicable to the profession and to the public service, immediately after the refugee status has persons as refugees or as vocational training and practical workplace experience are protection and the content offered to beneficiaries of refugee status, under equivalent of the protection granted, conditions as nationals. 30/09/2004 Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status to engage in employed or self-employed activities subject to rules generally profession and to the public service immediately after the subsidiary protection status has been granted. of the labour market in the Member States may be taken into account, including for possible prioritisation of access to employment for a limited period of time to be determined in accordance with national law. ensure that the beneficiary of subsidiary protection status has access to a post for which the beneficiary has received an offer in accordance with national rules on prioritisation in the labour market. Member States shall ensure that beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status have access to activities such as employment-related education opportunities for adults, vocational training and practical workplace experience, under conditions to be decided by the Member States. The law in force in the Member States applicable to remuneration, access to social security systems relating to employed or self-employed activities and other conditions of employment shall apply. Directive 2004/114/EC Outside their study time and subject to the rules and conditions applicable to the relevant activity in the host , students shall be entitled to be employed and may be entitled to exercise self-employed economic purposes of studies, pupil The situation of the labour market in the host may be taken into account. Where necessary, Member States shall grant students and/or employers prior authorisation in accordance with national 23/12/2004 Each determine the maximum number of hours per week or days or months per year allowed for such an activity, which shall not be less than 10 hours per week, or the equivalent in days or months per Access to economic activities for the first year of may be restricted by the host . Member States may require students to report, in advance or otherwise, to an authority designated by the Member State concerned, that they are engaging in an economic Their employers may also be subject to a reporting obligation, in advance or otherwise. Directive 2005/71/EC - A research organisation wishing to host a researcher shall sign a hosting agreement with the latter whereby the researcher undertakes to complete the research project and the organisation undertakes to host the researcher for that for purposes of scientific purpose (). Research organisations may sign hosting agreements only L 289, 3/11/2005 P. if the following conditions are met: (a) the research project has been accepted by the relevant authorities in the organisation, after examination of: (i) the purpose and duration of the research, and the availability of the necessary financial resources for it to be (ii) the researchers qualifications in the light of the research (b) during his /her stay the researcher will have sufficient monthly resources to meet his / her expenses and return costs in accordance with the minimum amount published for the purpose by the , without having recourse to the Member States social assistance system; (c)during his /her stay the researcher will have sickness insurance for all the risks normally covered for nationals of the concerned. (d)the hosting agreement shall specify the legal relationship and working conditions of the researchers. 4.The hosting agreement shall automatically lapse when the researcher is not admitted or when the legal relationship between the researcher and the research organisation is terminated. 11Researchers admitted under this Directive may teach in accordance with national legislation. Member States may set a maximum number of hours or of days for the activity of teaching 12Holders of a permit shall be entitled to equal treatment with nationals as regards: (a) recognition of diplomas, certificates and other professional qualifications in accordance with the relevant national procedures; (b)working conditions, including pay and dismissal; Table 1 - Population projections for the EU25 + and : Total population Population at 1 January (1000 inhabitants) Source: ; data for refers to Metropolitan the next two decades the total population of the EU25 is expected to increase by more than 13 million inhabitants, from 456.8 million on 1 January 2004 to 470.1 million on 1 January 2025. Population growth in the EU25 until 2025 will be mainly due to net migration, since total deaths in the EU25 will outnumber total births from 2010. The effect of net migration will no longer outweigh the natural decrease after 2025, when the population will start to decline gradually. The population will reach 449.8 million on 1 January 2050, that is a decrease of more than 20 million inhabitants compared to 2025. the whole projection period the EU25 population will decrease by , resulting from a increase for the EU15 and a decrease for the ten new Member States. Table 2 - Population projections for the EU25 + and : population structure age groups The share of the population of working age (between 15 and 64) in the total population is expected to decrease strongly in the EU25, from in 2004 to in 2050, that is a fall of 52 million inhabitants of working age. The share of the population aged between 0 and 14 will also be reduced, from in 2004 to in 2050, while the proportion of elderly people (aged 65 and more) is expected to almost double over this period, from in 2004 to in 2050. Table 3 Net migration, including corrections (in thousands) Net migration is the difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year (net migration is therefore negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the EU (25 countries) EU (15 countries) number of immigrants). Since most countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is estimated on the basis of the difference between population change and natural increase between two dates. The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by all the statistical inaccuracies in the two components of this equation, especially population change. The table above shows that most EU Member States are now immigration countries and that even those which are still emigration countries (, and ) are in the path towards becoming immigration countries as well, as negative net migration is gradually evolving towards migratory balance. Table 4: Estimates of Annual Inflows of Work Permit Holders in 16 EU Countries Professionals relate to occupations requiring special skills which are in demand Figures relate to non-EU persons arriving in . The total includes multiple entries, the vast majority of whom Professional category relates only to Card scheme for IT specialists Approximate net estimate for 2002/2003 for the rise in the numbers in the SI system (excluding EU nationals) Professionals covers the inflows of those with Autorisations Provisoire de Travail (APTs) and qualified travailleurs permanents in 2003. Professionals include WP holders with occupations defined as in ISCO88 and the highly skilled on New member States (EU10) are excluded. Visas issued to non EU nationals in 2003 for self employment and contract work. reserved quota for highly skilled. of non-EU workers holding valid WPs on 31/12/03. Professionals have "college" or "university " education. Estimated new permits (i.e. excl renewals) for non-EU persons in 2002.Professionals are those classed as "experts Total non-EU inflow for 2002 Covers non-EU WP holders. Covers non-EU WP holders. Persons who entered the UK from abroad on WPs Excludes renewals and "first permissions" for those already resident in the UK. Professions defined as in ISCO Includes small number of EU10 citizens. 633200 (est) 74300 (est) Source: Study on assessing the question of applying numerical ceilings to the temporary movement of contract service suppliers (Mode 4) in the context of the GATS negotiations on trade in services. Prepared by Prof. J.J. Sexton for Commission (DG TRADE), The category professionals with work permits can in most cases be equated with highly skilled. Thus, the table above gives an indication of the minimum number of people (estimation of 74,300 for EU25) who could be covered by a scheme for the admission of highly skilled workers. Table 5: Examples of regularisations in EU Member States (data from regularisation campaigns) 500,000 (estimated) Source: The Regularisation of Unauthorized Migrants: Literature Survey and Country Case Studies. , , Policy and Society, 2005. 3,703,845 persons have been regularised in these five EU countries since the early 1980s. This does not necessarily concern an equal number of irregular migrants, as the same person may have been subject to different regularisation procedures (if after a period of time the person has fallen once again in irregularity). Other EU countries have also used regularisations in the past. Regularisation figures point to a fundamental dysfunction in the system for admission of migrants in many EU Member States: Migrants enter irregularly to fill the gaps in the labour market because legal ways to do so are very limited and ineffective. Usually, irregular migrants work in the hidden economy, as evidenced by the latest Spanish regularisation campaign. These are estimates provided by non-official EU sources. The Commission is aware that there is a need for comprehensive and reliable data in the field of immigration and asylum. In order to dispose of comparable and reliable data, and to information sharing and policy debate within the Member States of the EU in immigration and asylum issues, it has recently put forward in particular two proposals for legislation: (29)Proposal for a Council Decision on the of a mutual information procedure concerning Member States measures in the areas of asylum and immigration, COM(2005)480 final; (30)Proposal for a Regulation of Parliament and of statistics on migration and international protection, COM(2005)375 final.