eunbil · GT0N1343 · 2006-05-31 00:00:00 — Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of refugee status to engage in employed or self-employed activities subject to rules generally applicable to the profession and to the public service, immediately after the refugee status has been granted. Member States shall ensure that activities such as employment-related education opportunities for adults, vocational training and practical workplace experience are offered to beneficiaries of refugee status, under equivalent conditions as nationals. Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status to engage in employed or self-employed activities subject to rules generally applicable to the profession and to the public service immediately after the subsidiary protection status has been granted. The situation of the labour market in the Member States may be taken into account, including for possible prioritisation of access to employment for a limited period of time to be determined in accordance with national law. Member States shall ensure that the beneficiary of subsidiary protection status has access to a post for which the beneficiary has received an offer in accordance with national rules on prioritisation in the labour market. Member States shall ensure that beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status have access to activities such as employment-related education opportunities for adults, vocational training and practical workplace experience, under conditions to be decided by the Member States. The law in force in the Member States applicable to remuneration, access to social security systems relating to employed or self-employed activities and other conditions of employment shall apply. Directive 2004/114/EC on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service, L 375, 23/12/2004 P. 0012 - 0018 17 1. Outside their study time and subject to the rules and conditions applicable to the relevant activity in the host , students shall be entitled to be employed and may be entitled to exercise self-employed economic activity. The situation of the labour market in the host may be taken into account. Where necessary, Member States shall grant students and/or employers prior authorisation in accordance with national legislation. Each determine the maximum number of hours per week or days or months per year allowed for such an activity, which shall not be less than 10 hours per week, or the equivalent in days or months per year. Access to economic activities for the first year of may be restricted by the host . Member States may require students to report, in advance or otherwise, to an authority designated by the concerned, that they are engaging in an economic activity. Their employers may also be subject to a reporting obligation, in advance or otherwise. Directive 2005/71/EC - on a specific procedure for admitting third-country nationals for purposes of scientific research, L 289, 3/11/2005 P. 0015 - 0022 - 10.2007 6 1. A research organisation wishing to host a researcher shall sign a hosting agreement with the latter whereby the researcher undertakes to complete the research project and the organisation undertakes to host the researcher for that purpose (. Research organisations may sign hosting agreements only if the following conditions are met: (a) the research project has been accepted by the relevant authorities in the organisation, after examination of: (i) the purpose and duration of the research, and the availability of the necessary financial resources for it to be carried out; (ii) the researchers qualifications in the light of the research objectives (.) (b) during his /her stay the researcher will have sufficient monthly resources to meet his / her expenses and return costs in accordance with the minimum amount published for the purpose by the , without having recourse to the Member States social assistance system; (c) during his /her stay the researcher will have sickness insurance for all the risks normally covered for nationals of the concerned. (d) the hosting agreement shall specify the legal relationship and working conditions of the researchers. The hosting agreement shall automatically lapse when the researcher is not admitted or when the legal relationship between the researcher and the research organisation is terminated. 11 Researchers admitted under this Directive may teach in accordance with national legislation. Member States may set a maximum number of hours or of days for the activity of teaching 12 Holders of a permit shall be entitled to equal treatment with nationals as regards: (a) recognition of diplomas, certificates and other professional qualifications in accordance with the relevant national procedures; (b)working conditions, including pay and dismissal; Table 1 - Population projections for the EU25 + and : Total population Member States Population at 1 January (1000 inhabitants) Percentage increase with respect to 2004 2015 2025 2050 2015 2025 2050 EU25 456 815 467 307 470 057 449 831 2.3 2.9 -1.5 EU15 382 674 394 727 398 780 384 356 3.1 4.2 0.4 New Member States 74 141 72 580 71 278 65 475 -2.1 -3.9 -11.7 10 396 10 674 10 898 10 906 2.7 4.8 4.9 10 212 10 012 9 812 8 894 -2.0 -3.9 -12.9 5 398 5 498 5 557 5 430 1.9 2.9 0.6 82 532 82 864 82 108 74 642 0.4 -0.5 -9.6 Estonia 1 351 1 279 1 224 1 126 -5.3 -9.4 -16.6 11 041 11 390 11 394 10 632 3.2 3.2 -3.7 42 345 45 264 45 556 42 834 6.9 7.6 1.2 59 901 62 616 64 392 65 704 4.5 7.5 9.7 4 028 4 555 4 922 5 478 13.1 22.2 36.0 57 888 58 630 57 751 52 709 1.3 -0.2 -8.9 730 828 897 975 13.3 22.8 33.5 2 319 2 174 2 068 1 873 -6.3 -10.8 -19.2 3 446 3 258 3 134 2 881 -5.5 -9.1 -16.4 452 499 544 643 10.4 20.5 42.3 10 117 9 834 9 588 8 915 -2.8 -5.2 -11.9 400 439 468 508 9.8 17.0 27.1 16 258 16 957 17 429 17 406 4.3 7.2 7.1 8 114 8 358 8 501 8 216 3.0 4.8 1.3 38 191 37 429 36 836 33 665 -2.0 -3.5 -11.8 10 475 10 762 10 730 10 009 2.7 2.4 -4.4 1 996 2 019 2 014 1 901 1.1 0.9 -4.8 5 380 5 309 5 237 4 738 -1.3 -2.7 -11.9 5 220 5 354 5 439 5 217 2.6 4.2 -0.1 8 976 9 373 9 769 10 202 4.4 8.8 13.7 59 652 61 934 63 792 64 330 3.8 6.9 7.8 7 801 7 130 6 465 5 094 -8.6 -17.1 -34.7 21 711 20 917 19 746 17 125 -3.7 -9.1 -21.1 Source: ; data for refers to Metropolitan the next two decades the total population of the EU25 is expected to increase by more than 13 million inhabitants, from 456.8 million on 1 January 2004 to 470.1 million on 1 January 2025. Population growth in the EU25 until 2025 will be mainly due to net migration, since total deaths in the EU25 will outnumber total births from 2010. The effect of net migration will no longer outweigh the natural decrease after 2025, when the population will start to decline gradually. The population will reach 449.8 million on 1 January 2050, that is a decrease of more than 20 million inhabitants compared to 2025. the whole projection period the EU25 population will decrease by , resulting from a increase for the EU15 and a decrease for the ten new Member States. Table 2 - Population projections for the EU25 + and : population structure- age groups Percentage aged 0-14 Percentage aged 15-64 Percentage aged 65+ 2004 2025 2050 2004 2025 2050 2004 2025 2050 EU25 16.4 14.4 13.4 67.2 63.0 56.7 16.4 22.6 29.9 EU15 16.3 14.4 13.5 66.7 62.8 56.5 17.0 22.8 30.0 New Member States 16.7 14.4 13.2 69.7 64.5 57.7 13.6 21.1 29.1 17.3 15.6 14.7 65.6 61.9 57.6 17.1 22.5 27.7 15.2 13.5 12.6 70.8 64.1 56.5 14.0 22.4 30.9 18.9 15.9 15.7 66.2 62.9 60.2 14.9 21.2 24.1 14.7 12.9 11.9 67.3 62.5 56.5 18.0 24.6 31.6 Estonia 16.0 16.2 14.8 67.9 63.9 59.6 16.1 19.9 25.6 14.5 13.3 12.3 67.7 63.9 55.2 17.8 22.8 32.5 14.5 12.8 11.5 68.6 65.2 52.9 16.9 22.0 35.6 France5 18.6 16.7 15.8 65.1 60.9 57.0 16.3 22.4 27.2 20.9 18.2 16.0 68.0 65.3 57.8 11.1 16.5 26.2 14.2 12.1 11.2 66.6 62.9 53.5 19.2 25.0 35.3 20.0 15.6 13.3 68.1 65.2 60.5 11.9 19.2 26.2 15.4 16.2 14.8 68.4 64.1 59.1 16.2 19.7 26.1 17.7 15.1 13.7 67.3 65.7 59.6 15.0 19.2 26.7 18.8 17.1 16.6 67.1 64.9 61.3 14.1 18.0 22.1 15.9 14.3 13.8 68.6 63.7 58.1 15.5 22.0 28.1 18.2 15.6 14.5 68.7 63.1 60.8 13.1 21.3 24.7 18.5 16.1 15.8 67.6 63.3 60.7 13.9 20.6 23.5 16.3 13.8 12.3 68.2 64.1 57.3 15.5 22.1 30.4 17.2 14.6 13.0 69.8 64.3 57.6 13.0 21.1 29.4 15.7 14.2 13.1 67.4 63.7 55.0 16.9 22.1 31.9 14.6 13.4 12.8 70.4 63.8 56.0 15.0 22.8 31.2 17.6 14.0 12. 8 70.9 67.1 57.9 11.5 18.9 29.3 17.6 16.0 15.3 66.8 59.4 57.8 15.6 24.6 26.9 17.8 17.1 16.3 65.0 60.7 59.4 17.2 22.2 24.3 18.3 16.1 14.7 65.7 63.0 58.7 16.0 20.9 26.6 14.2 11.7 11.5 68.7 64.5 55.0 17.1 23.8 33.5 16.4 14.1 12.5 69.1 66.9 57.9 14.5 19.0 29.6 Source: The share of the population of working age (between 15 and 64) in the total population is expected to decrease strongly in the EU25, from in 2004 to in 2050, that is a fall of 52 million inhabitants of working age. The share of the population aged between 0 and 14 will also be reduced, from in 2004 to in 2050, while the proportion of elderly people (aged 65 and more) is expected to almost double over this period, from in 2004 to in 2050. Table 3 - Net migration, including corrections (in thousands) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 EU (25 countries) 1118.4 826.0 632.5 732.7 658.0 468.5 644.6 905.7 993.2 1311.5 1707.3 2091.5 EU (15 countries) 1216.1 896.9 678.8 765.9 684.2 482.8 665.1 903.2 1055.6 1321.8 1701.2 2052.1 Euro-zone 1139.9 763.0 533.2 608.6 556.8 377.4 429.3 716.1 852.6 1096.9 1534.2 1755.9 25.7 18.3 17.3 1.8 15.1 9.8 11.6 16.7 12.9 35.7 40.5 35.6 11.8 5.5 10.0 9.9 10.2 12.0 9.5 8.8 -28.0 -8.5 12.3 25.8 11.6 11.4 10.5 28.6 17.5 12.1 11.0 9.4 10.1 12.0 9.6 7.0 776.3 462.4 315.6 398.3 281.5 93.4 47.0 202.1 167.8 274.8 218.8 142.2 Estonia -41.5 -28.3 -20.9 -15.6 -13.4 -6.9 -6.7 -1.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 94.5 86.5 78.1 77.3 70.9 61.5 54.8 45.1 29.3 37.8 38.0 35.8 54.2 59.2 54.7 60.4 73.5 83.6 148.8 227.3 378.5 427.8 649.9 738.5 36.5 16.5 -3.5 -14.5 -18.5 -13.5 -6.5 45.0 50.1 60.4 65.1 55.0 1.7 -3.4 -3.0 6.0 15.9 17.4 16.2 24.3 31.5 38.8 32.7 31.3 27.8 24.2 25.7 31.5 59.5 55.7 64.1 46.4 55.2 47.6 349.3 600.6 10.7 8.7 7.0 6.6 6.0 5.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.6 6.9 12.4 -53.5 -32.4 -22.8 -13.8 -10.1 -9.4 -5.8 -4.1 -5.4 -5.2 -1.8 -0.9 -24.5 -24.0 -24.2 -23.7 -23.4 -22.4 -22.1 -20.7 -20.3 -2.5 -1.9 -6.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.1 18.5 18.2 18.0 17.8 17.8 17.5 17.3 16.8 16.7 9.8 3.5 15.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 -0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 9.9 2.2 2.0 1. 8 43.2 44.5 20.4 15.0 21.3 30.5 44.1 43.9 57.0 56.0 27.6 7.0 71.5 33.5 3.1 2.1 3.9 1.5 8.5 19.8 17.2 43.5 34.8 38.2 -11.6 -16.8 -19.0 -18.2 -12.8 -11.7 -13.2 -14.0 -19.6 -16.8 -18.0 -13.8 -4.5 8.4 17.3 22.3 26.2 29.4 32.3 38.0 47.1 64.9 70.1 63.5 -5.5 -4.5 0.0 0.8 -3.5 -1.4 -5.5 10.9 2.7 4.9 2.2 3.6 -2.9 1.7 4.7 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.5 -22.4 1.1 0.9 1.4 9.1 9.1 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.4 2.4 6.1 5.2 5.8 19.8 32.1 50.8 11.7 5.8 5.9 11.0 13.6 24.5 28.6 30.9 28.7 44.8 90.2 84.2 117.0 104.0 87.4 213.8 164.2 168.5 184.3 126.4 260.5 Source: estimates Net migration is the difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year (net migration is therefore negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants). Since most countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is estimated on the basis of the difference between population change and natural increase between two dates. The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by all the statistical inaccuracies in the two components of this equation, especially population change. The table above shows that most EU Member States are now immigration countries and that even those which are still emigration countries (, and ) are in the path towards becoming immigration countries as well, as negative net migration is gradually evolving towards migratory balance. Table 4: Estimates of Annual Inflows of Work Permit Holders in 16 EU Countries Country All Work Permit Holders Professionals with Work Permits Total Employment 2002 Comments DK 1600 500 2741000 2003. Professionals relate to occupations requiring special skills which are in demand DE 165000 3300 36275000 2003. Figures relate to non-EU persons arriving in . The total includes multiple entries, the vast majority of whom are unskilled. Professional category relates only to "" scheme for IT specialists ES 65000 - 16241000 Approximate net estimate for 2002/2003 for the rise in the numbers in the SI system (excluding EU nationals) FR 31200 12400 23885000 Professionals covers the inflows of those with Autorisations Provisoire de Travail (APTs) and qualified "travailleurs permanents" in 2003. IE 16100 2000 1750000 2003 data. Professionals include WP holders with occupations defined as in ISCO88 and the highly skilled on Working Visas. New member States (EU10) are excluded. IT 78800 500 21757000 Visas issued to non EU nationals in 2003 for self employment and contract work. Professional figure is reserved quota for highly skilled. LV 2800 - 987000 2002 160 1421000 2003 HU 40300 3800 3868000 No. of non-EU workers holding valid WPs on 31/12/03. Professionals have "college" or "university " education. NL 38000 10900 8176000 2003 PL 5600 1700 13820000 Estimated new permits (i.e. excl renewals) for non-EU persons in 2002.Professionals are those classed as "experts and consultants" SK 1000 - 2111000 Total non-EU inflow for 2002 FI 13100 1700 2406000 2003. Covers non-EU WP holders. SE 6700 4300 4348000 2002. Covers non-EU WP holders. UK 89200 15800 28338000 2003 data. Persons who entered the UK from abroad on WPs in 2003. Excludes renewals and "first permissions" for those already resident in the UK. Professions defined as in ISCO 88. Includes small number of EU10 citizens. Total (554900) (57060) 168124000 EU25 633200 (est) 74300 (est) 191841000 Source: Study on assessing the question of applying numerical ceilings to the temporary movement of contract service suppliers (Mode 4) in the context of the GATS negotiations on trade in services. Prepared by Prof. J.J. Sexton for Commission (DG TRADE), The category "professionals with work permits" can in most cases be equated with "highly skilled". Thus, the table above gives an indication of the minimum number of people (estimation of 74,300 for EU25) who could be covered by a scheme for the admission of highly skilled workers. Table 5: Examples of regularisations in EU Member States (data from regularisation campaigns) Year Number of applicants Number regularised 1998White card 220,000 2001 368,000 228,000 Year Number of applicants Number regularized 1986-1987 118,700 1990 235,000 1995-96 256,000 238,000 1998-99 308,000 193,200 2002 700,000 634,700 Year Number regularised 1981-82 121,100 1997-98 77,800 Year Number of applicants Number regularised 1985-86 44,000 23,000 1991 135,393 109,135 1996 25,000 21,300 2000 247,598 153,463 2001 350,000 221,083 2005 690,679 500,000 (estimated) Year Number of applicants Number regularised 1992-93 80,000 38,364 1996 35,000 31,000 2001 170,000 Source: The Regularisation of Unauthorized Migrants: Literature Survey and Country Case Studies. , , Policy and Society, 2005. 3,703,845 persons have been regularised in these five EU countries since the early 1980s. This does not necessarily concern an equal number of irregular migrants, as the same person may have been subject to different regularisation procedures (if after a period of time the person has fallen once again in irregularity). Other EU countries have also used regularisations in the past. Regularisation figures point to a fundamental dysfunction in the system for admission of migrants in many EU Member States: Migrants enter irregularly to fill the gaps in the labour market because legal ways to do so are very limited and ineffective. Usually, irregular migrants work in the hidden economy, as evidenced by the latest Spanish regularisation campaign. These are estimates provided by non-official EU sources. The Commission is aware that there is a need for comprehensive and reliable data in the field of immigration and asylum. In order to dispose of comparable and reliable data, and to information sharing and policy debate within the Member States of the EU in immigration and asylum issues, it has recently put forward in particular two proposals for legislation: Proposal for a Council Decision on the of a mutual information procedure concerning Member States measures in the areas of asylum and immigration, COM(2005)480 final; Proposal for a Regulation of Parliament and of statistics on migration and international protection, COM(2005)375 final. slutsatser, bilaga I, avsnitt III 1.4. För närmare uppgifter om alla rättsakter som det hänvisas till i detta dokument, se förteckning. EP: A6-0286/2005, SOC/199 (CESE 694/05 ), ECOS-045. har fyra direktiv - baserade på artikel 63.3 och 63.4 i EG-fördraget - med bestämmelser om tillträde till arbete (varaktigt bosatta, familjeåterförening, studerande, forskare) och flera meddelanden antagits. rapport , , EU:s ekonomiska översikt . KOM(2005) 525. befolkningsprognoser är ett av en rad scenarier för befolkningsutvecklingen som grundar sig på antaganden om födelsetal, dödstal och migration. Utvecklingsscenariot tar inte hänsyn till eventuella framtida åtgärder, som kan komma att påverka de demografiska tendenserna, och omfattar fyra varianter, nämligen: grundvarianten (baseline), vars resultat redovisas här, samt varianterna high population, low population och zero-migration. Data från STAT/05/48. Arbetslösheten i EU25 var, säsongskorrigerat, (samma som ), och varierade i medlemsstaterna mellan () och (). var arbetslösheten (: 141/2005). Rådets beslut av om riktlinjer för medlemsstaternas sysselsättningspolitik. Medlemsstaterna tar bara hänsyn till en ansökan om inresa till och vistelse på medlemsstaternas territorium av arbetsmarknadsskäl om det finns lediga platser i en medlemsstat som inte kan besättas av inhemska arbetssökande, arbetssökande från andra medlemsstater eller tredjelandsmedborgare som är lagligt och varaktigt bosatta i den medlemsstaten och redan tillhör medlemsstatens reguljära arbetsmarknad (rådets resolution av , jämförd med rådets förordning (EEG) nr 1612/1968). Det bör noteras att anslutningsfördragen av och föreskriver att medborgare i medlemsstaterna skall ha företräde framför tredjelandsmedborgare när det gäller att få tillträde till medlemsstaternas arbetsmarknader. KOM(2005) 642 Andra än forskare. CARIM 2005-rapporten (s. 21). Se fotnot 1. KOM(2005) 390. Direktiv /114/EG. KOM(2005) 606. För närmare detaljer: se KOM(2005) 389. KOM(2005) 597. 5052/06 / SV SVSV SVSV SV