sou · GRB388d1 · 2004-01-01 00:00:00 — cOGHUVVWUXNWXU EHE\JJHOVHVWUXNWXU RFK SURJUDP cOGHUVVWUXNWXU N|Q \UNHVEDNJUXQG FLYLOVWnQG ,QGLYLG RFK IDPLOMHRPVRUJ (QVDPVWnHQGH NYLQQRU PHG EDUQ DUEHWVV|NDQGH XWDQ HUVlWWQLQJ IO\NWLQJDU RFK |YULJD XWOlQGVND PHGERUJDUH PlQ PHG OnJ LQNRPVW VDPW EHIRON %DUQ PHG XWOlQGVN EDNJUXQG %DUQ PHG PLQVW HQ I|UlOGHU I|GG XWDQI|U 1RUGHQ *OHVKHW L EHE\JJHOVHQ RFK JHRWHNQLVND I|U *DWRU RFK YlJDU %\JJNRVWQDGHU 8SSYlUPQLQJVNRVWQDGHU .DOORUWVWLOOlJJ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ UHVRU RFK UlGGQLQJVWMlQVW 1lULQJVOLYV RFK V\VVHOVlWWQLQJVEHIUlPMDQGH nWJlUGHU /DQGVWLQJVV\VWHPHW 7UDILN RFK NOLPDWEHURHQGH VOLWDJH ,QGH[ EDVHUDW Sn IDNWLVND NRVWQDGHU ,QGH[ EDVHUDW Sn IDNWLVND NRVWQDGHU %HUlNQDGH PHUNRVWQDGHU )RONPlQJG LQYnQDUH WlWRUWVJUDG $UEHWVO|VKHW RFK DUEHWVPDUNQDGVXWELOGQLQJ %HIRONQLQJVPLQVNQLQJ GH WLR VHQDVWH nUHQ VDPW PLQVNQLQJ DY DQWDOHW HOHYHU GH WUH VHQDVWH nUHQ %HIRONQLQJ LQRP UHVSHNWLYH PLOV UDGLH .|Q nOGHU FLYLOVWnQG V\VVHOVlWWQLQJVWDWXV LQNRPVW RFK ERHQGHIRUP VSHFLHOO EHUlNQLQJ I|U YnUGWXQJD JUXSSHU JOHV E\JJHOVHVWUXNWXU PHU NRVWQDGHU I|U VPn ODQGVWLQJ *OHVKHW DUEHWVSHQGOLQJ VDPW WlWRUWVVWUXNWXU 2OLND VlWW DWW XWMlPQD 7RWDONRVWQDGVPHWRGHQ LQQHElU DWW PDQ PHG HWW DQWDO ROLND YDULD EOHU I|UNODUDU GH WRWDOD NRVWQDGVVNLOOQDGHUQD NRPPXQHUQD HPHOODQ 0HG KMlOS DY WLGLJDUH nUV WRWDOD NRVWQDGHU RFK HWW DQWDO VWUXNWXUHOOD IDNWRUHU VRP WLOO H[HPSHO nOGHUV RFK EHE\JJHOVHVWUXNWXU UlNQDV HWW VWUXNWXULQGH[ IUDP 'HWWD LQGH[ OLJJHU VHGDQ WLOO JUXQG I|U XWMlP QLQJHQ )|UGHODU PHG PHWRGHQ lU DWW GHQ lU UHODWLYW HQNHO RFK WUDQVSD UDQW %ODQG QDFNGHODUQD PlUNV DWW YLVVD I|UNODUDQGH YDULDEOHU NDQ In HQ RSURSRUWLRQHUOLJW VWRU YLNW 0HWRGHQ NDQ L YLVVD 9LGDUH NDQ GHQ NlQQDV DEVWUDNW L I|UKnOODQGH WLOO GH NRPPXQDOD YHUNVDPKHWHUQD 7RWDONRVWQDGVPHWRGHQ DQYlQGHV L GHQ NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJ VRP IDQQV PHOODQ nUHQ RFK 6WDQGDUGNRVWQDGVPHWRGHQ EHVWnU DY HWW DQWDO ROLND GHOPRGHOOHU GlU YDUMH GHOPRGHOO DYVHU HQ YHUNVDPKHW HOOHU HWW NRVWQDGVVODJ )|U YDUMH GHOPRGHOO UlNQDV GHW IUDP HQ VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG 6WDQGDUGNRVW QDGHQ lU GHQ NRVWQDG VRP NRPPXQHQ VNXOOH KD RP PDQ EHGUHY YHUNVDPKHWHQ YLG HQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJ DYJLIW DPELWLRQV RFK HIIHN WLYLWHWVQLYn RFK PHG KlQV\Q WLOO GH HJQD VWUXNWXUHOOD I|UKnOODQGHQD HQOLJW YDOGD IDNWRUHU 6WDQGDUGNRVWQDGVPHWRGHQ NDQ OlWW YDUMH NRP PXQDO YHUNVDPKHW VNDOO EHKDQGODV L HQ HQVNLOG GHOPRGHOO )|UGHOHQ PHG PHWRGHQ lU DWW GHQ KDU HQ NRSSOLQJ WLOO GH NRPPXQDOD YHUN VDPKHWHUQD 6WDQGDUGNRVWQDGVPHWRGHQ lU GHQ PHWRG VRP DQYlQWV VHGDQ +XU P\FNHW XWMlPQDV GHW I|U" (WW VlWW DWW PlWD RPIDWWQLQJHQ Sn XWMlPQLQJHQ lU DWW VWXGHUD RP VlWWQLQJHQ L NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ 2PVlWWQLQJHQ GHILQLHUDV VRP VXPPDQ DY DOOD WLOOlJJ DOWHUQDWLYW DYGUDJ 6XPPDQ VRP GH HQVNLOGD PRGHOOHUQD RPVlWWHU lU P\FNHW VW|UUH lQ YDG VRP RPVlWWV QHWWR 2UVDNHQ WLOO GHWWD lU DWW YLVVD GH InU HWW DYGUDJ L HQ DQQDQ 7RWDOW RPI|UGHODV PLOMDUGHU NURQRU L NRPPXQV\VWHPHW 0RW VYDUDQGH VLIIUD I|U ODQGVWLQJHQ lU PLOMDUGHU 2PI|UGHOQLQJHQ L GH ROLND GHOPRGHOOHUQD IUDPJnU DY WDEHOO 2PI|UGHOQLQJHQ L NRPPXQV\VWHPHW GRPLQHUDV DY IHP GHOPRGHOOHU EDUQRPVRUJ JUXQGVNROD J\PQDVLHVNROD LQGLYLG RFK IDPLOMHRPVRUJ VDPW lOGUH RPVRUJ /DQGVWLQJVV\VWHPHW GRPLQHUDV DY GHOPRGHOOHQ I|U KlOVR RFK VMXNYnUG 7DEHOO 2PVlWWQLQJ L NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ ELGUDJVnUHW ,QGLYLG RFK IDPLOMHRPVRUJ %DUQ PHG XWOlQGVN EDNJUXQG 1lULQJVOLY RFK V\VVHOVlWWQLQJ *DWRU RFK YlJDU /DQGVWLQJVV\VWHPHW GlUDY JOHVE\JG 2PVlWWQLQJHQ L NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQV ROLND GHOPRGHOOHU |NDU |YHU WLGHQ GHOV WLOO I|OMG DY DWW GHQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJD NRVWQDGHQ |NDU GHOV WLOO I|OMG DY DWW VNLOOQDGHUQD PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQDV |NDU 0RGHOOHU VRP LQWH KDU HQ GLUHNW NRSSOLQJ WLOO HQ YHUNVDPKHWV NRVWQDG NDQ RFNVn I|UlQGUDV |YHU WLGHQ ([HPSHOYLV KDU RPVlWW QLQJHQ L GHOPRGHOOHQ I|U EHIRONQLQJVPLQVNQLQJ I|UGXEEODWV XQGHU GH VHQDVWH nUHQ 'HWWD lU HQ I|OMG DY DOOW IOHU NRPPXQHU KDU PLQVNDW VLQ IRONPlQJG )|U GHOPRGHOOHQ I|U QlULQJVOLY RFK V\VVHOVlWWQLQJ JlOOHU GHW RPYlQGD +lU KDU RPVlWWQLQJHQ PLQVNDW VRP HQ I|OMG DY PLQVNDG DUEHWVO|VKHW L NRPPXQHUQD )|UVNROHYHUNVDPKHW RFK VNROEDUQVRPVRUJ .RPPLWWpQV I|UVODJ 1XYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO ELEHKnOOV 'H QXYDUDQGH IDNWRUHUQDV YLNWHU IDVWVWlOOV PHG XWJnQJVSXQNW IUnQ HWW XSSGDWHUDW XQGHUODJ I|U NRPPXQHUQDV IDNWLVND EDUQ RPVRUJVEHKRY VNDWWHNUDIW I|UlOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQV RFK .RVWQDGVYLNWHUQD I|U ROLND RPVRUJVIRUPHU RFK nOGHUVNDWH JRULHU MXVWHUDV XWLIUnQ DNWXHOOW XQGHUODJ $QWDOHW VH[nULQJDU RFK GHQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJD NRVWQDGHQ I|U I|UVNROHNODVV EHDNWDV YLG EHUlNQLQJHQ DY VWDQGDUGNRVWQDGHQ I|U JUXQGVNROD 9HUNVDPKHWVRPUnGHW EHQlPQV QXPHUD I|UVNROHYHUNVDPKHW RFK VNROEDUQVRPVRUJ RFK RPIDWWDU lYHQ IDPLOMHGDJKHP $Y SUDNWLVND VNlO DQYlQGV KlU EHJUHSSHW EDUQRPVRUJ , NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ I|U EDUQRPVRUJ EHDNWDV DQGHOHQ EDUQ RFK EHKRYHW DY EDUQRPVRUJ %DUQRPVRUJVEHKRYHW EHUlNQDV PHG KMlOS DY DQGHOHQ YnUGQDGV KDYDUH VRP DUEHWDU PLQVW WLPPDU VNDWWH NUDIW DQGHO DY YnUGQDGVKDYDUQD VRP DUEHWDU PLQVW HQ WLPPH HWW WlWKHWVPnWW , EHUlNQLQJDUQD EHJUlQVDV JHQRPVODJHW DY K|JD RFK OnJD YlUGHQ Sn VNDWWHNUDIWHQ RFK WlWKHWVPnWWHW 6HGDQ QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVV\VWHP LQI|UGHV KDU GHO PRGHOOHQ I|U EDUQRPVRUJ L SULQFLS YDULW RI|UlQGUDG (Q XSSGDWH ULQJ JHQRPI|UGHV HIWHU I|UVODJ IUnQ .RPPXQDOD XWMlPQLQJV XWUHGQLQJHQ YDUYLG JHQRPVODJHW DY K|JD RFK OnJD YlUGHQ Sn VNDWWH NUDIWHQ RFK WlWKHWVPnWWHW EHJUlQVDGHV VDPWLGLJW VRP XSSJLIWHU RP I|UlOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQV LQKlPWDGHV IUnQ HQ Q\ VWDWLVWLNNlOOD 0LQGUH MXVWHULQJDU JMRUGHV VDPWLGLJW DY NRVWQDGVYLNWHUQD I|U YLVVD $QWDOHW EDUQ GHQ ULNVJHQRPVQLWWOLJD EDUQ RPVRUJVNRVWQDGHQ XSSGDWHUDV nUOLJHQ bYHQ VNDWWHNUDIWHQ RFK I|U lOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQVHU XSSGDWHUDV nUOLJHQ PHQ EHUlNQDV VRP HWW JHQRPVQLWW I|U GH VHQDVWH WUH UHVSHNWLYH WYn nUHQ %HE\JJHOVH WlWKHWHQ XSSGDWHUDV QlU Q\D GDWD ILQQV WLOOJlQJOLJD L UHJHO YDUW IHPWH nU , NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ RPI|UGHODV NQDSSW PLOMDUGHU NURQRU 'HW VW|UVWD WLOOlJJHW I|U EDUQRPVRUJHQ NURQRU 6DOHPV NRPPXQ RFK GHW VW|UVWD DYGUDJHW NUR QRU 3DMDOD NRPPXQ 5HVXOWDW DY NRPPLWWpQV XSSI|OMQLQJ %DUQRPVRUJVEHKRYHW VRP GHW PlWV L QXYDUDQGH PRGHOO DYVHU DWW EHDNWD VnYlO DQGHOHQ EDUQ L nOGHUQ nU VRP DQGHOHQ DY GHVVD |YHU EDUQRPVRUJ EDUQHQV YLVWHOVHWLGHU L EDUQRPVRUJHQ RFK NRVWQDGVVNLOOQDGHU PHOODQ ROLND EDUQRPVRUJVIRUPHU 6HGDQ I|UHJnHQGH XSSI|OMQLQJ KDU EHW\GDQGH I|UlQGULQJDU VNHWW LQRP EDUQRPVRUJHQ )|UVNROHNODVV KDU LQI|UWV VRP HJHQ VNROIRUP I|U VH[nULQJDU RFK GHQ WLGLJDUH GHOWLGVI|UVNRODQ I|U GHQQD JUXSS LQJnU GlUI|U LQWH OlQJUH L EDUQRPVRUJHQ )|UVNROHNODVV EH DNWDV LQWH Sn HWW NRUUHNW VlWW L QXYDUDQGH NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJ .RVWQDGHUQD LQJnU GRFN L EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOOHQ 9LGDUH KDU UlWW WLOO RPVRUJ LQI|UWV I|U EDUQ WLOO DUEHWVO|VD |UlOGUDOHGLJD cU YDOGH VDPWOLJD NRPPXQHU XWRP WYn DWW LQI|UD PD[WD[D )UnQ KDU VDPWOLJD NRPPXQHU LQI|UW PD[WD[D %HW\GDQGH I|U VNMXWQLQJDU KDU VXFFHVVLYW VNHWW L nOGHUVI|UGHOQLQJHQ L GHQ DNWXHOOD JUXSSHQ 'HW lU GlUI|U DY EHW\GHOVH DWW XQGHUV|ND KXU HIWHUIUnJDQ Sn EDUQRPVRUJ LQNOXVLYH EDUQHQV YLVWHOVHWLGHU KDU I|UlQGUDWV PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD VHGDQ I|UHJnHQGH XSSI|OMQLQJ 'HQ IUnQ LQI|UGD DOOPlQQD I|UVNRODQ I|U I\UD RFK IHP nULQJDU KDU GRFN LQWH NXQQDW EHDNWDV HIWHUVRP HUIRUGHUOLJW GDWD XQGHUODJ lQQX LQWH ILQQV WLOOJlQJOLJW (WW VlWW DWW DQDO\VHUD PRGHOOHQV WUlIIVlNHUKHW lU DWW MlPI|UD NRPPXQHUQDV UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHU I|U HWW nU RFK EHUlNQDG VWDQ GDUGNRVWQDG WYn nU HIWHU UHGRYLVQLQJVnUHW 5HGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHU PRWVYDUDU Gn VDPPD nU VRP XQGHUODJVGDWD L EHUlNQLQJDUQD I|U NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ )|U NDQ SURFHQW DY GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGVVNLOOQDGHUQD PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD I|UNODUDV DY QXYDUDQGH EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOO XQGHU I|UXWVlWWQLQJ DWW GH KDU VDPPD JUDG DY DYJLIWVILQDQVLHULQJ 'HW lU XQJHIlU VDPPD QLYn VRP I|UHJnHQGH nU Gn PRWVYDUDQGH WDO YDU SURFHQW 'H NYDUVWnHQGH VNLOOQDGHUQD EHURU Sn VNLOOQDGHU L HIIHNWLYLWHW DPELWLRQVQLYn RFK VNLOOQDGHU L I|UGHOQLQJHQ PHOODQ ROLND RPVRUJVIRUPHU VDPW VlWWHW DWW UHGRYLVD 6NLOOQDGHU L EDUQRPVRUJVHIWHUIUnJDQ SnYHUNDV lYHQ W R P DY VNLOOQDGHU L DYJLIWHU 'HW NDQ RFNVn EHUR Sn VWUXNWXUHOOD IDNWRUHU VRP LQWH PRGHOOHQ InQJDU XSS ,QI|UDQGHW DY PD[WD[D KDU VDQQROLNW SnYHUNDW HIWHUIUnJDQ Sn EDUQRPVRUJ RFK EDUQHQV YLVWHOVHWLGHU L YDULHUDQGH RPIDWWQLQJ L ROLND NRPPXQHU EHURHQGH Sn WLGLJDUH DYJLIWVV\VWHP RFK DYJLIWVQLYnHU 6WRUVWlGHUQD RFK I|URUWVNRPPXQHUQD lU GH JUXSSHU GlU GHQ EHUlNQDGH VWDQGDUGNRVWQDGHQ |YHUVWLJHU GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHU QD 7DU PDQ lYHQ KlQV\Q WLOO GH HUVlWWQLQJDU NRPPXQHUQD InU L GH LFNH YHUNVDPKHWVDQNQXWQD GHOPRGHOOHUQD W H[ EDUQRPVRUJHQV DQ GHO DY XSSYlUPQLQJVNRVWQDGHU P P XQGHUVWLJHU JOHVE\JGVNRP PXQHUQDV HUVlWWQLQJDU GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHUQD PHG FD NUR QRU 7DEHOO 5HGRYLVDG QHWWRNRVWQDG RFK EHUlNQDG VWDQGDUG NRVWQDG I|U EDUQRPVRUJ 1HWWRNRVWQDGHUQD MXVWHUDGH I|U VNLOOQDGHU L DYJLIWVQLYn 2YlJGD JHQRPVQLWW I|U NRPPXQJUXSSHU L NURQRU 6W|UUH VWlGHU /DQGVE\JGVNRPPXQHU gYULJD VW|UUH .lOOD 6&% 6WRUVWlGHUQDV UHODWLYW JHQRPVQLWWOLJD VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG UHVSHNWLYH UHGRYLVDGH QHWWRNRVWQDG |UNODUDV GHOYLV DY DWW EHIRON QLQJVDQGHOHQ L GH DNWXHOOD nOGUDUQD lU OlJUH lQ ULNVJHQRPVQLWWHW 6RP JUXSSHU KDU VWRUVWlGHUQD RFK JOHVE\JGVNRPPXQHUQD GlUHPRW K|JVW NRVWQDGHU EDUQRPVRUJHQ 8WMlPQLQJHQ VNDOO LQWH EDVHUDV Sn GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHUQD XWDQ L I|UVWD KDQG Sn VNLOOQDGHUQD L EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRY .RPPLWWpQ KDU GlUI|U DQDO\VHUDW L YLONHQ XWVWUlFNQLQJ I|UlQGULQJDUQD LQRP EDUQRPVRUJHQ InQJDV LQ DY QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO I|U EDUQ RPVRUJHQ GYV KXU YlO EHUlNQLQJHQ DY EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRYHW VWlP PHU PHG HWW I|UlQGUDW EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRY 0HOODQ RFK PLQVNDGH DQWDOHW LQVNULYQD L I|UVNROD RFK IDPLOMHGDJKHP L nOGUDUQD XQGHU VH[ nU IUlPVW WLOO I|OMG DY DWW DQWDOHW I|UVNROHEDUQ PLQVNDW EHW\GOLJW cU |NDGH DQWDOHW LQVNULYQD WURWV HQ IRUWVDWW PLQVNQLQJ DY DQWDOHW EDUQ $QWDOHW LQVNULYQD VNRO EDUQ KDU |NDW XQGHU KHOD SHULRGHQ $QGHOHQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ YDU L VWRUW RI|UlQGUDW IUDP WLOO YDUHIWHU HQ PlUNEDU |NQLQJ LQWUlIID GH XQGHU 6RP IUDPJnU DY ILJXU ILQQV GHW IRUWIDUDQGH UHODWLYW VWRUD VNLOOQDGHU PHOODQ NRPPXQHU L DQGHOHQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ )LJXU ,QVNULYQD EDUQ L I|UVNROHYHUNVDPKHW RFK VNROEDUQV RPVRUJ L SURFHQW DY VDPWOLJD EDUQ nU 8WDQ KlQV\Q WLOO 8WDQ KlQV\Q WLOO VNLOOQDGHU L EDUQHQV YLVWHOVHWLGHU lU YDULDWLRQHUQD PHOODQ NRPPXQJUXSSHUQD L DQGHOHQ LQVNULYQD L I|UVNROHYHUNVDP KHW GYV L nOGHUQ nU DY PLQGUH RPIDWWQLQJ lQ L VNROEDUQV RPVRUJHQ GYV L nOGHUQ nU 'HW lU VnOHGHV GH UHODWLYW VWRUD VNLOOQDGHUQD L DQGHOHQ EDUQ LQVNULYQD L VNROEDUQVRPVRUJ VRP ELGUDU PHVW WLOO GH WRWDOD VNLOOQDGHUQD LQVNULYQD I|U KHOD JUXSSHQ nU $QGHOHQ LQVNULYQD L nOGHUQ nU lU K|JVW L I|URUWVNRPPXQHU VW|UUH VWlGHU VWRUVWlGHU VDPW PHGHOVWRUD VWlGHU PHG L JHQRPVQLWW SURFHQW DY EDUQHQ HOOHU IOHU LQVNULYQD /DQGVE\JGVNRPPXQHU KDU GHQ OlJVWD DQGHOHQ LQVNULYQD L GHQQD JUXSS XQGHU SURFHQW $QGHOHQ LQVNULYQD L VNROEDUQVRPVRUJ lU K|JVW L I|URUWVNRP PXQHU RFK VWRUVWlGHU NULQJ SURFHQW RFK OlJVW L JOHVE\JGVNRP PXQHU GU\JW SURFHQW $QGHOHQ LQVNULYQD L KHOD JUXSSHQ nU lU K|JVW L I|URUWVNRPPXQHU RFK VWRUVWlGHU NULQJ SURFHQW RFK OlJVW L JOHVE\JGVNRPPXQHU XQGHU SURFHQW 6RP XQGHUODJ I|U QXYDUDQGH EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOO KDU HWW EDUQ RPVRUJVEHKRY EHUlNQDWV HQ I|U DOOD NRPPXQHU JHPHQVDP PDOO )|U DWW J|UD NRVWQDGHUQD I|U GH LQVNULYQD EDUQHQ MlPI|UEDUD NRPPXQHUQD HPHOODQ EHUlNQDV DQWDOHW KHOWLGVEDUQ 9LG EHUlNQLQJHQ DY DQWDOHW KHOWLGVEDUQ EHDNWDV DWW EDUQ YLVWDV ROLND OlQJH L RPVRUJHQ GH \QJVWD EDUQHQ L I|UVNRODQ NUlYHU PHU RPYnUGQDG RFK GlUI|U NRVWDU PHU lQ lOGUH EDUQ bYHQ EDUQ L VNROEDUQVRPVRUJ LQJnU L KHOWLGVEDUQVPnWWHW 'n DQWDOHW KHOWLGVEDUQ UHODWHUDV WLOO GHW WRWDOD DQWDOHW EDUQ L NRPPXQHQ InU PDQ HWW PnWW Sn EDUQRPVRUJVSURGXNWLRQHQ GHQ V N .9RO\PHQ VRP lU MlPI|UEDU PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD 8QGHU I|UXWVlWWQLQJ DWW DOOD EDUQ VRP EHK|YHU EDUQRPVRUJ RFNVn InU GHW lU .9RO\PHQ GHVVXWRP HWW PnWW Sn EHKRYHW HOOHU HIWHUIUnJDQ DY EDUQRPVRUJ (QOLJW NRPPLWWpQV XSSIDWWQLQJ JnU GHW LQWH DWW ERUWVH IUnQ VNLOO QDGHU L EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRY PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD (Q HQEDUW nOGHUV EDVHUDG EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOO XWDQ KlQV\Q WLOO VNLOOQDGHU L EDUQ RPVRUJVXWQ\WWMDQGH RFK YLVWHOVHWLGHU VNXOOH JH HQ DOOWI|U GnOLJ |YHUHQVVWlPPHOVH PHOODQ EHUlNQDG VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG RFK UHGRYLVDG NRVWQDG (QGDVW NQDSSW SURFHQW DY GH UHGRYLVDGH QHWWRNRVWQD GHUQD VNXOOH I|UNODUDV DY HQ HQEDUW nOGHUVEDVHUDG EDUQRPVRUJV PRGHOO 6NLOOQDGHUQD L EDUQRPVRUJVHIWHUIUnJDQ lU IRUWIDUDQGH DOOWI|U VWRU I|U DWW |YHUJn WLOO HQ HQEDUW nOGHUVEDVHUDG XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO 'HQ IDNWLVND .9RO\PHQ HPHOOHUWLG LQWH DQYlQGDV GLUHNW L EHUlNQLQJDUQD DY NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ HIWHUVRP VMlOYYDOGD VNLOOQDGHU L VHUYLFHQLYn LQWH VNDOO EHDNWDV , QXYDUDQGH EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOO EHUlNQDV EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRYHW PHG KMlOS DY WUH IDNWRUHU I|UlOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQV VNDWWHNUDIWHQ VRP L EHUlN QLQJDUQD EHJUlQVDV XSSnW RFK QHGnW VDPW HWW WlWKHWVLQGH[ RFNVn GHW EHJUlQVDW XSSnW RFK QHGnW 'H LQJnHQGH IDNWRUHUQDV YLNWHU IDVW VWlOOGHV XWLIUnQ XQGHUODJVGDWD IUnQ RFK KDU GlUHIWHU OHJDW IDVW (Q Q\ EHUlNQLQJ DY IDNWLVN .9RO\P JMRUWV XWLIUnQ DNWXHOO VWDWLVWLN RP EDUQRPVRUJVXWQ\WWMDQGH RFK YLVWHOVHWLGHU 8SSJLIWHU RP DQWDOHW LQVNULYQD EDUQ L ROLND nOGUDU RFK RPVRUJV IRUPHU I|U KDU XWQ\WWMDWV OLNVRP GHQ XQGHUV|NQLQJ DY EDUQHQV QlUYDURWLGHU L I|UVNRODQ RFK VNROEDUQVRPVRUJHQ VRP JHQRPI|UWV DY 6NROYHUNHW XQGHU K|VWHQ 1lUYDURWLGHUQD KDU XQGHUV|NWV L HQ I|UlOGUDHQNlW IUnQ 6NROYHUNHW HIWHU GHW DWW PD[WD[D LQI|UWV RFK RPIDWWDU HWW XUYDO DY GU\JW I|UlOGUDU YDUDY PHG EDUQ L nOGHUQ nU 0HG DNWXHOO LQVNULYQLQJVVWDWLVWLN RFK XSSJLIWHU RP YLVWHOVHWLGHU KDU HQ Q\ IDNWLVN .9RO\P )|U EDUQ L I|UVNRODQ KDU OLNVRP WLGLJDUH NRPPXQYLVD )|U EDUQ L nOGUDUQD nU KDU RFNVn OLNVRP WLGLJDUH GHQ ULNVJHQRPVQLWWOLJD YLVWHOVHWLGHQ DQYlQWV L VDPWOLJD NRPPXQHU $QGHOHQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ LQQDQ RPUlNQLQJ WLOO KHOWLGV EDUQ IUDPJnU DY ILJXU )LJXU $QGHO LQVNULYQD EDUQ DY WRWDOD DQWDOHW EDUQ nU .RVWQDGVYLNWHUQD KDU UlNQDWV RP HIWHU GH QlUYDURWLGHU VRP IUDP NRPPLW HQOLJW 6NROYHUNHWV XQGHUV|NQLQJ RFK DQJHV VRP DQGHO DY KHOWLG GYV WLPPDU -lPI|UW PHG GHQ WLGLJDUH .9RO\PEHUlNQLQJHQ KDU YLNWHUQD I|U VNROEDUQ VlQNWV WLOO I|OMG DY DWW QlUYDURWLGHUQD EOLYLW NRUWDUH 9LNWHQ I|U VH[nULQJDU KDU MXVWHUDWV PHG KlQV\Q WLOO LQI|UDQGHW DY I|UVNROHNODVV bYHQ GH JHQRP VQLWWOLJD QlUYDURWLGHUQD I|U nULQJDU KDU EOLYLW NRUWDUH MlPI|UW PHG WLGLJDUH PRWVYDUDQGH XQGHUV|NQLQJ YLONHW GRFN LQWH IUDPJnU DY WDEHOO (Q I|UlQGULQJ DY nOGHUVLQGHOQLQJHQ I|U I|UVNROHnOGUDUQD KDU JMRUWV PHG WDQNH Sn DWW EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOOHQ E|U MXVWHUDV YLG VHQDUH WLOOIlOOH QlU GDWDXQGHUODJ ILQQV WLOOJlQJOLJW RP GHQ IUnQ LQI|UGD DOOPlQQD I|UVNRODQ I|U I\UD RFK IHPnULQJDU 'HW KDU PHG I|UW HQ MXVWHULQJ DY NRVWQDGVYLNWHUQD I|U EDUQ XSS WLOO WUH nU 7DEHOO .RVWQDGVYLNWHU YLG RPUlNQLQJ IUnQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ WLOO KHOWLGVEDUQ 9LG RPUlNQLQJ IUnQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ WLOO .9RO\P KHOWLGVEDUQ |NDU W\QJGHQ I|U EDUQHQ XSS WLOO nU bYHQ VNLOOQDGHUQD PHOODQ NRP PXQJUXSSHUQD |NDU QlU VNLOOQDGHUQD L QlUYDURWLGHU RFK NRVWQDGV YLNWHU EHDNWDV MlPI|UW PHG QlU HQEDUW DQGHOHQ LQVNULYQD EHDNWDV 1lUYDURWLGHUQD I|U I|UVNROHEDUQ lU OlQJVW L VWRUVWlGHU RFK I|URUWHU )LJXU $QGHO KHOWLGVEDUQ .9RO\P DY WRWDOW DQWDO EDUQ nU 1lU VnYlO VNLOOQDGHU L DQGHOHQ LQVNULYQD EDUQ VRP VNLOOQDGHU L YLVWHOVHWLGHU RFK NRVWQDGVYLNWHU I|U ROLND RPVRUJVIRUPHU EHDNWDV SHNDU GHW Sn DWW WLGLJDUH VNLOOQDGHU PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQDV EDUQ RPVRUJVEHKRY L VWRU XWVWUlFNQLQJ NYDUVWnU .RPPLWWpQ KDU DQDO\VHUDW RP GH IDNWRUHU VRP KLWWLOOV DQYlQWV IRUWIDUDQGH lU KnOOEDUD I|U HQ XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO WURWV GH I|UlQG ULQJDU L EDUQRPVRUJVHIWHUIUnJDQ VRP LQWUlIIDW EO D WLOO I|OMG DY DWW GHOYLV Q\D JUXSSHU NRPPLW LQ 9LGDUH KDU GHW VNHWW HQ I|UVNMXWQLQJ L EDUQHQV nOGHUVI|UGHOQLQJ IUnQ I|UVNROHEDUQ PHG K|JD RPVRUJV NRVWQDGHU WLOO VNROEDUQ PHG EHW\GOLJW OlJUH RPVRUJVNRVWQDGHU 'HVVXWRP KDU VH[nULQJDU L I|UVNROHNODVV XWJnWW XU EDUQRPVRUJV PRGHOOHQ 6NDWWHNUDIW KDU HQ K|J VDPYDULDWLRQ PHG GHQ Q\D .9RO\PHQ 'HW KDU lYHQ GHW DQYlQGD WlWKHWVPnWWHW 1lU GHW JlOOHU I|UlOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQV ILQQV HQ VDPYDULDWLRQ PHG GHQ Q\D .9RO\PHQ PHQ GHQ lU LQWH OLND W\GOLJ VRP WLGLJDUH bYHQ DQGUD PnWW Sn I|UlOGUDUQDV DUEHWVWLGHU KDU SU|YDWV $UEHWVWLGHUQD UHVSHNWLYH WLPPDU HQ ElWWUH VDPYDULDWLRQ PHG GHQ Q\D .9RO\PHQ lQ QXYDUDQGH WLPPDU PHQ GHW lU I|UYlUYVYDULDEHOQ WLPPDU VRP lU VLJQLILNDQW WLOOVDPPDQV PHG VNDWWHNUDIWV RFK WlWKHWVYDULDEHO +|JVW I|UNODULQJVJUDG GYV K|JVW SUHFLVLRQ XSSQnV RP GH QXYDUDQGH YDULDEOHUQD I|UlOGUDUQDV I|UYlUYVIUHNYHQV WLPPDU NRPPXQHQV VNDWWHNUDIW RFK WlWKHW DQYlQGV RFK RP YlUGHQD Sn GH WYn VHQDUH YDULDEOHUQD EHJUlQVDV VnYlO XSSnW VRP QHGnW 2P VNDWWH NUDIWHQ EHJUlQVDV WLOO YlUGHQ PHOODQ RFK SURFHQW DY PHGHO VNDWWHNUDIWHQ RFK WlWKHWHQ EHJUlQVDV WLOO YlUGHQ PHOODQ RFK NDQ GU\JW SURFHQW DY VNLOOQDGHUQD L EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRY PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD I|UNODUDV %HJUlQVQLQJHQ LQQHElU VRP L QX YDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO DWW NRPPXQHU PHG YlUGHQ |YHU HOOHU XQGHU DQJLYQD JUlQVHU L EHUlNQLQJDUQD HUKnOOHU JUlQVYlUGHQD Sn WlW KHW UHVSHNWLYH VNDWWHNUDIW 9DULDEOHUQDV YLNWHU I|UlQGUDV YLG XSS GDWHULQJHQ MlPI|UW PHG QXYDUDQGH PRGHOO (Q MlPI|UHOVH PHOODQ GH Q\D IDNWLVND .9RO\PHUQD RFK GH VRP DQYlQGV L QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJ YLVDU DWW VWRUVWlGHU RFK L YLVV PnQ lYHQ VW|UUH VWlGHU VRP JUXSSHU XQGHUVNDWWDV L QXYDUDQGH XW MlPQLQJ )|U |YULJD NRPPXQJUXSSHU |YHUVNDWWDV GH EHUlNQDGH .9RO\PHUQD L QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJ L I|UKnOODQGH WLOO GH Q\D IDN WLVND .9RO\PHUQD )LJXU )DNWLVN RFK EHUlNQDG .9RO\P L QXYDUDQGH UHVSHNWLYH I|UHVODJHQ PRGHOO -XVWHUDW WLOO ULNHW %HUlNQDV .9RO\PHQ HQOLJW NRPPLWWpQV I|UVODJ InU PDQ HWW XWIDOO VRP Sn NRPPXQJUXSSVQLYn UHODWLYW YlO |YHUHQVVWlPPHU PHG GH IDNWLVND .9RO\PHUQD gYHUYlJDQGHQ RFK I|UVODJ .RPPLWWpQ I|UHVOnU DWW QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVPRGHOO I|U EDUQ RPVRUJHQ ELEHKnOOV PHQ XSSGDWHUDV 'H I|UHVODJQD IDNWRUHUQDV YLNWHU IDVWVWlOOV PHG XWJnQJVSXQNW IUnQ HWW XSSGDWHUDW XQGHUODJ YDG JlOOHU NRPPXQHUQDV IDNWLVND EDUQRPVRUJVEHKRY I|UlOGUDUQDV I|U YlUYVIUHNYHQV NRPPXQHQV VNDWWHNUDIW RFK WlWKHW 9LGDUH I|UHVOnV DWW VNDWWHNUDIWHQ L EHUlNQLQJDUQD EHJUlQVDV XSSnW WLOO SURFHQW DY PHGHOVNDWWHNUDIWHQ RFK QHGnW WLOO SURFHQW YLONHW LQQHElU HQ PDUJLQHOO I|UlQGULQJ MlPI|UW PHG QXYDUDQGH PRGHOO 7lWKHWHQ I|UHVOnV EHJUlQVDV XSSnW WLOO RFK QHGnW WLOO (Q XSSGDWHULQJ WLOO nUV I|UKnOODQGHQ YDG JlOOHU WlWKHW KDU UHGDQ JMRUWV L QX YDUDQGH PRGHOO .RPPLWWpQ I|UHVOnU YLGDUH DWW EHUlNQLQJDUQD DQSDVVDV WLOO DWW GHQ NRPPXQDOD VNRODQ XW|NDWV PHG HQ I|UVNROHNODVV )UnQ EOHY I|UVNROHNODVV HQ I|U NRPPXQHUQD REOLJDWRULVN YHUNVDPKHW RUJDQL VHUDG LQRP JUXQGVNRODQ 'HW LQQHElU DWW VH[nULQJDUQDV WLGLJDUH GHOWLGVI|UVNROD XWJnU XU EDUQRPVRUJVPRGHOOHQ $QWDOHW VH[nULQJDU RFK GHQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJD NRVWQDGHQ |U I|UVNROHNODVV I|UH VOnV GlUI|U LQJn VRP HQ Q\ GHO L JUXQGVNROHPRGHOOHQ 'HQ IUnQ LQI|UGD DOOPlQQD I|UVNRODQ I|U I\UD RFK IHPnULQJDU KDU GRFN LQWH NXQQDW EHDNWDV HIWHUVRP HUIRUGHUOLJW GDWDXQGHUODJ lQQX LQWH ILQQV WLOOJlQJOLJW 1lU VnGDQW ILQQV WLOOJlQJOLJW E|U GHQQD I|UlQGULQJ EHDNWDV L NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ (QOLJW QX JlOODQGH EHVWlPPHOVHU lU GHW GHQ NRPPXQ GlU EDUQHW YLVWDV VRP VNDOO VH WLOO DWW GHW HUEMXGV I|UVNROHYHUNVDPKHW RFK VNRO EDUQVRPVRUJ 'HWVDPPD JlOOHU LGDJ I|UVNROHNODVV 6NROODJVNRP PLWWpQ KDU L HWW EHWlQNDQGH 628 I|UHVODJLW DWW LVWlOOHW KHPNRPPXQHQ EOLU DQVYDULJ I|U I|UVNROD RFK I|UVNROHNODVV (Q DY NRQVHNYHQVHUQD HQOLJW QlPQGD NRPPLWWp EOLU DWW lYHQ LQWHUNRP PXQDOD HUVlWWQLQJDU PRWVYDUDQGH GHP VRP ILQQV Sn JUXQGVNRODQ LQI|UV 8WMlPQLQJVNRPPLWWpQ GHODU 6NROODJVNRPPLWWpQV XSSIDWW QLQJ QlU GHW JlOOHU KHPNRPPXQHQV DQVYDU RFK DWW LQWHUNRPPXQDOD HUVlWWQLQJDU VNDOO NXQQD XWJn WLOO EDUQRPVRUJ L DQQDQ NRPPXQ (Q VnGDQ I|UlQGULQJ KDU GRFN LQJHQ LQYHUNDQ Sn XWIDOOHW DY NRVWQDGV (NRQRPLVND HIIHNWHU I|U NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ -lPI|UW PHG QXYDUDQGH PRGHOO LQQHElU I|UVODJHW DWW NRVWQDGHUQD I|U I|UVNROHNODVV FD PLOMDUGHU NURQRU IO\WWDV |YHU WLOO GHO PRGHOOHQ I|U JUXQGVNRODQ 'HW LQQHElU DWW NRPPXQHU PHG HQ K|J DQGHO VH[nULQJDU RFK HOOHU HQ K|J EHUlNQDG .9RO\P L EDUQ RPVRUJVPRGHOOHQ InU PLQVNDGH WLOOlJJ |NDGH DYGUDJ L GHQQD GHO PRGHOO (Q K|J DQGHO VH[nULQJDU OHGHU VDPWLGLJW WLOO DWW XWIDOOHW L JUXQGVNROHPRGHOOHQ I|UElWWUDV 'H I|UlQGULQJDU VRP I|UHVOnV L XQGHUODJHW I|U EHUlNQLQJHQ DY NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ OHGHU WLOO YLVVD |UGHOQLQJDU PHOODQ NRP PXQHUQD -lPI|UW PHG QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJ I|U EDUQRPVRUJHQ GlU VH[nULQJDUQD LQJnU OHGHU GH I|UHVODJQD XSSGDWHULQJDUQD RFK |YULJD I|UHVODJQD I|UlQGULQJDU WLOO HQ PLQVNDG HUVlWWQLQJ I|U IUDPI|UDOOW JOHVE\JGVNRPPXQHU RFK I|URUWVNRPPXQHU )|U I|URUWVNRP PXQHUQD NRPSHQVHUDV GHWWD GHOYLV JHQRP |YHUIO\WWQLQJHQ DY VH[ nULQJDU WLOO I|UVNROHNODVV 6WRUVWlGHU InU HQ |NDG HUVlWWQLQJ )|U lQGULQJDUQD I|U GH ROLND NRPPXQJUXSSHUQD PRWVYDUDU L SULQFLS GHQ VNLOOQDG VRP NDQ XWOlVDV L ILJXU PHOODQ EHUlNQDG .9RO\P HQOLJW QXYDUDQGH RFK HQOLJW I|UHVODJHQ PRGHOO *UXQGVNROD RFK I|UVNROHNODVV .RPPLWWqQV I|UVODJ 8QGHUODJHW I|U DWW EHUlNQD NRVWQDGHU I|U PRGHUVPnOVXQGHUYLVQLQJ lQGUDV IUnQ PHGERUJDUVNDS WLOO XW OlQGVN EDNJUXQG %HUlNQLQJ DY PHUNRVWQDGHU I|U EHE\JJHOVHVWUXNWXUHQ DNWXD OLVHUDV $QWDOHW VH[nULQJDU RFK GHQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJD NRVWQDGHQ |U I|UVNROHNODVV EHDNWDV YLG EHUlNQLQJHQ DY VWDQGDUG NRVWQDGHQ , NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ I|U JUXQGVNRODQ EHDNWDV nOGHUVVWUXNWXUHQ EHKRYHW DY PRGHUVPnOVXQGHUYLVQLQJ RFK XQGHUYLVQLQJ L VYHQVND VRP DQGUDVSUnN VDPW PHUNRVWQDGHU I|U VPn VNRORU RFK VNROVNMXWV NRVWQDGHU WLOO I|OMG DY NRPPXQHQV JHRJUDILVND VWUXNWXU 6WDQGDUGNRVWQDGHQ I|U JUXQGVNRODQ EHUlNQDV XWLIUnQ DQGHOHQ EDUQ nU DQGHOHQ EDUQ PHG ILQVNW HOOHU XWRP QRUGLVNW PHGERUJDUVNDS VDPW HQ WHRUHWLVNW EHUlNQDG NRVWQDG I|U VPn VNRORU RFK VNROVNMXWVDU XWLIUnQ EDUQHQV JHRJUDILVND I|UGHOQLQJ $QWDOHW EDUQ PHG GHQ JHQRPVQLWWOLJD NRVWQDGHQ ULNHW 2P GH EHUlNQDGH NRVWQDGHUQD L NRP PXQHQ I|U PRGHUVPnOVXQGHUYLVQLQJ VPn VNRORU RFK VNROVNMXWVDU 6HGDQ QXYDUDQGH XWMlPQLQJVV\VWHP LQI|UGHV KDU JUXQG VNROHPRGHOOHQ L SULQFLS YDULW RI|UlQGUDG (Q XSSGDWHULQJ DY GHQ GHO VRP U|U PHUNRVWQDGHU I|U VPn VNRORU RFK VNROVNMXWVDU JHQRP I|UGHV IUnQ HIWHU I|UVODJ IUnQ .RPPXQDOD XWMlPQLQJVXWUHG QLQJHQ $QWDOHW EDUQ ULNVJHQRPVQLWWOLJD HOHY NRVWQDGHQ VDPW EDUQ PHG XWRPQRUGLVNW RFK ILQVNW PHGERUJDUVNDS XSSGDWHUDV nUOLJHQ 'HQ WHRUHWLVNW EHUlNQDGH NRVWQDGHQ I|U VPn VNRORU RFK VNROVNMXWVDU E\JJHU Sn XSSJLIWHU RP EDUQHQV ERVlWWQLQJ YLG nUVVNLIWHW RFK KDU VnOHGHV LQWH XSSGDWHUDWV 'HQ IUnQ I|U NRPPXQHUQD REOLJDWRULVND I|UVNROHNODVVHQ RPIDWWDV LQWH DY QXYDUDQGH NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJ I|U JUXQGVNROD HOOHU EDUQRPVRUJ , NRVWQDGVXWMlPQLQJHQ RPI|UGHODV GU\JW PLOMDUGHU NUR QRU 'HW VW|UVWD WLOOlJJHW I|U JUXQGVNRODQ NURQRU KDU (NHU| NRPPXQ RFK GHW VW|UVWD DYGUDJHW NURQRU 5HVXOWDW DY NRPPLWWpQV XSSI|OMQLQJ )|U DWW DQDO\VHUD PRGHOOHQV WUlIIVlNHUKHW MlPI|UV NRPPXQHUQDV UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHU I|U HWW nU RFK EHUlNQDG VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG WYn nU HIWHU UHGRYLVQLQJVnUHW 5HGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHU PRWVYDUDU Gn VDPPD nU VRP XQGHUODJVGDWD YLG EHUlNQLQJ DY VWDQGDUGNRVWQDGHQ )|U NDQ SURFHQW DY GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGVVNLOOQDGHUQD PHOODQ NRPPXQHUQD I|UNODUDV DY JUXQGVNROHPRGHOOHQ 'HW lU HQ VlQNQLQJ MlPI|UW PHG I|UHJnHQGH nU Gn PRWVYDUDQGH WDO YDU SURFHQW 'H NYDUVWnHQGH VNLOOQDGHUQD EHURU Sn VNLOOQDGHU L HIIHN WLYLWHW DPELWLRQVQLYn RFK VNLOOQDGHU L VlWWHW DWW UHGRYLVD 'HW NDQ RFNVn EHUR Sn VWUXNWXUHOOD IDNWRUHU VRP LQWH PRGHOOHQ InQJDU XSS 6WRUVWlGHUQD RFK JOHVE\JGVNRPPXQHUQD lU GH JUXSSHU GlU GH EHUlNQDGH VWDQGDUGNRVWQDGHUQD XQGHUVWLJHU NRVWQDGHQ 7DU PDQ lYHQ KlQV\Q WLOO GH HUVlWWQLQJDU NRPPXQHUQD InU L GH LFNH YHUNVDP KHWVDQNQXWQD GHOPRGHOOHUQD W H[ JUXQGVNRODQV DQGHO DY XSSYlUP QLQJVNRVWQDGHU P P |YHUVWLJHU lYHQ JOHVE\JGVNRPPXQHUQDV VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG GH UHGRYLVDGH NRVWQDGHUQD %HDNWDV lYHQ XWIDOOHW DY GH LFNH YHUNVDPKHWVDQNQXWQD GHOPRGHOOHUQDV XWIDOO I|UNODUDV GU\JW SURFHQW DY NRVWQDGVVNLOOQDGHUQD 7DEHOO 5HGRYLVDG QHWWRNRVWQDG RFK EHUlNQDG VWDQGDUG NRVWQDG I|U JUXQGVNRODQ 2YlJGD JHQRPVQLWW I|U NRPPXQJUXSSHU L NURQRU 6W|UUH VWlGHU /DQGVE\JVNRPPXQHU gYULJD VW|UUH .lOOD 6&% $WW VWRUVWlGHUQD KDU HQ OlJUH VWDQGDUGNRVWQDG RFK lYHQ OlJUH UHGR YLVDG QHWWRNRVWQDG lQ |YULJD NRPPXQJUXSSHU I|U NODUDV GHOYLV DY DWW DQGHOHQ L JUXQGVNROHnOGUDUQD lU EHW\GOLJW OlJUH lQ ULNVJHQRPVQLWWHW 6RP JUXSSHU KDU VWRUVWlGHUQD RFK JOHVE\JGV NRPPXQHUQD GlUHPRW K|JVW NRVWQDGHU 6WRU VWlGHU KDU GH K|JVWD ORNDONRVWQDGHUQD EnGH bYHQ NRVWQDGHQ [NOXVLYH ORNDOHU OLJJHU K|JUH lQ I|U |YULJD NRPPXQJUXSSHU *UXSSHQ KDU lYHQ K|JVW NRVWQDGHU |U XQGHUYLVQLQJ IUlPVW OlUDUO|QHU YLONHW EO D NDQ EHUR Sn K|JD NRVWQDGHU I|U PRGHUVPnOVXQGHUYLVQLQJ RFK HWW K|JUH O|QH OlJH