sou · GPB3101d1 · 2002-01-01 00:00:00 — At the same time, reindeer management can also have a negative effect on the environment. In our opinion the formulation of an environmental aim for reindeer management should take this background into account. Our premise is that the responsibility for the state of their industry should rest with the themselves. We therefore consider that an environmental aim should apply to all enterprises that are conducted with the support of the reindeer management right. Such an aim should be formulated so that the general aims of the environmental policy are achieved. At the same time this should not counteract the importance of these resources for industry and culture. The administration of the reindeer management right (chapter 5) With the support of the reindeer management right the conduct reindeer management, hunting and fishing within the reindeer management area. The reindeer management area comprises approximately one third of the territory of in the counties of , , , , and . In order to make use of the reindeer management right, a person who is a must be a member of a village. What constitutes membership is determined by the reindeer management act. The village is a legal entity in itself and there are particular regulations concerning how it is to be organised. However, it is the individual members who conduct reindeer management, operating in the form of a private firm, for example. Each village is linked to a specific part of the reindeer management area, the village area. According to the reindeer management act, it is the county administrative board that makes the decisions concerning the division in the village area. The reindeer management area Reindeer management may be conducted throughout the year in the territories of and counties, partly above the limit of cultivation, partly below this limit on land where reindeer management is traditionally conducted in the spring, summer or autumn on land belonging to the state or that belonged to the state on the last day of 1992 (Crown Lands) or constitutes reindeer pasture on reindeer mountains in county within those areas in and counties that belonged to the state on the last day of 1992 and that were specifically made available for reindeer pasture. Reindeer management may be carried out from October to April in other parts of the territories below the cultivation limit, within such areas outside the territories and reindeer mountain pastures where reindeer management has traditionally been conducted during certain times of the year. We propose that the , instead of the county administration boards, should make decisions concerning divisions in the village areas. As a rule, before the makes such decisions, a meeting should be held with the villages affected. However, it is not necessary to hold such a meeting if the villages are in agreement and if the division is suitable for its purpose. The property owners affected should be given the opportunity to express their opinions concerning the planned division. Our proposal concerning new rules with respect to divisions within village areas does not mean that previous decisions with respect to divisions automatically cease to apply. We consider that even in the future there should be obligatory rules concerning a village. This means that the law should contain a provision to the effect that there should be a village within a particular area for the administration of the reindeer management right. The background to this proposal is that we presume that the reindeer management right is primarily a collective right. It belongs to the population and is exercised today by members of a village. have found that a legal regulation that there should be a village within a particular area in order to administer the reindeer management right, is the most expedient solution. We propose that as far as possible the rules for the village should be the same as those for economic associations. This means, among other things, that the village shall be solely responsible for its debts. The members shall no longer be personally liable for the debts of the village. Special rules for the village are required when it comes to matters concerning the founding and dissolution of the village and questions of membership.The prohibition against villages conducting any other kind of enterprise than reindeer management is to be abolished. We propose that the village is to accept as members all who can trace their ancestry from the village. The requirement that a member is to be a does not apply to the spouse of a member. If there is disagreement, the must be able to decide the matter of whether an applicant is a or originates from a village. As a general rule, every member who is of age should have one vote, when voting takes place. If at least one member demands it, each member shall have one vote for every reindeer he or she owns when it comes to matters concerning reindeer management, hunting and fishing. Special act concerning the reindeer management right Among other things our task has meant that we have carried out a complete review of the legislation concerning reindeer management. We propose that the reindeer management act should be replaced by two acts: the reindeer management right act and the conduct of reindeer management act. There are regulations in the reindeer management right act, the nature of which primarily pertains to civil law. These are regulations that describe how the reindeer management right may be exercised in practice, the area where it applies, who is to administer it and what the relationship is between the reindeer management right, the right of ownership and other particular rights to real estate. At the present time, both the civil law circumstances and how reindeer management is to be conducted are regulated in the reindeer management act. As a result it can happen that the reindeer management right is not always perceived as a particular right to real estate. The purpose of proposing two acts is to make it clear that it is partly a question of a particular right to real estate and partly an enterprise undertaken with the support of this right. Consideration and collaboration between villages and other users of land (chapter 6) The villages conduct reindeer management based on natural pasture within the reindeer management area. Many other types of land use take place within the same area. In order to create good prerequisites for a reindeer management that is culturally, ecologically and economically viable in the long term, consideration must be taken of the need that the villages have of land for reindeer management based on natural pasture and of the increased collaboration between the villages and other users of land. Such collaboration must be based on mutual respect and consideration for mutual rights and needs to use the land for various purposes. Nowadays, as in former times, disruption of the villages' reindeer management occurs and conflicts concerning the use of land by the villages and by others arise in several places. In many cases the conflicts that arise nowadays are due to lack of clarity, not only concerning what the villages' reindeer management right constitutes and how it is related to ownership rights, but also to where the reindeer management right applies. Part of the reason for the conflicts concerning hunting and fishing in the reindeer management area is also due to the fact that there is a lack of clarity concerning the extent of the hunting and fishing rights that are a part of the reindeer management right and how this right of hunting and fishing is related to the hunting and fishing rights of landowners and the state. In order to ensure that there is both consideration for the need of the villages for reindeer management based on natural pasture and an increased collaboration between the villages and other users of land, we propose the following: a clearer regulation of the reindeer management right and how it relates to the right of ownership a clearer regulation of the consideration that must be shown by those engaged in reindeer management towards other interests a clearer regulation of the consideration that must be shown by forestry towards reindeer management increased knowledge on the part of other users of land concerning the requirements for reindeer husbandry based on natural pasture and how various types of competing use of land affects these requirements, as well as increased knowledge on the part of those managing reindeer with respect to the requirements of other users of land within the reindeer management area and how this is affected by reindeer management support for local collaboration between villages and other users of land concerning the use of land. Arbitration and the resolution of conflicts in certain cases. increased participation by the villages and the in the decision-making process when new use of land is planned. an investigation into the extent of each and every hunting and fishing right on both privately-owned and state land within the reindeer management area, with particular attention being paid both to land that is set aside for the use of the and which in the applicable legislation is interpreted as crown land above the limit of cultivation, and to reindeer pasture mountains. On state land within the reindeer husbandry area, i. e. land that is administered by the state, we propose that consideration towards the use of land by the villages for reindeer management, as well as other use of the land by the , is particularly emphasised in the administration of the land. There should be ongoing consultation with the villages with respect to the administration of the state land. It should be more clearly indicated that the crown land above the limit of cultivation and on the reindeer pasture mountains is primarily intended for the reindeer management of the villages and other use of the land by the . and the county administrative boards will administer this land in the future as well, but the protection of the land for the use of the villages and the possibility for the villages to participate in the administration of the land should be clarified. The villages would be granted the same right to compensation for granting of usufruct within their all- the-year-round land as the right to compensation currently enjoyed by the mountain villages on their all-the-year-round land according to section 34 of the reindeer management act. Reindeer management (chapter 7) We propose that the regulations that are linked to the in which reindeer management is conducted should be regulated by a special act. The reason for this is apparent in the preceding text where we describe the reindeer husbandry right act. The basis for our proposed legislation has been our intention to simplify the system of regulations in accordance with modern principles of administration and to ensure that the right to make decisions is delegated as far as possible. Supervision of the administration of pasture resources We propose that the villages should account for the status of their pasture lands. On the basis, among other things, of these reports, field studies, studies of slaughter statistics and notifications of wandering reindeer and reindeer herds that have mingled, the should exercise supervision to ensure that the administration of the reindeer pasture by the villages lives up to the environmental aims. The should also establish the maximum number of reindeer allowed for every village as an additional aspect of the supervision exercised. Together with those concerned, the should continually evaluate whether the established maximum number of reindeer permitted is relevant. Concession reindeer management is conducted below the territory border in the and river valleys. Reindeer management may only be conducted all the year round once the county administrative board has given one or several permission (a concession) to have both their own reindeer and those belonging to the landowner in the area (managed reindeer) within a particular area. As well as the holder of the concession, the owner of the managed reindeer also participates in the reindeer management to some extent. It is the owner of the managed reindeer who, together with the holder of the concession, makes the decisions concerning how the reindeer management is to be conducted. Landowners are the most common category of owners of managed reindeer. In order for a landowner to be an owner of managed reindeer, he has to own an agricultural property in the concession area and be a resident of the property or at least resident within that part of county where the management of concession reindeer is permitted. We consider that because of its cultural significance and the fact that it contributes towards employment in the area, concession reindeer management should remain. We propose that there should no longer be an obligation to conduct concession reindeer management in the village format. This is the result of our proposed new regulations for the village based on the administration of the reindeer management right.The relationship between the owners of managed reindeer and the holders of concessions should instead be regulated by conditions in the concession. We propose that the possibility of having managed reindeer should be extended somewhat. This means that the person who owns an agricultural property in the area but is resident somewhere else in county should be able to have managed reindeer. The county administrative board should be given an opportunity, if there are particular reasons for doing so, to grant exemptions from the rule that the holder of the concession should enjoy a maximum of thirty managed reindeer per household. We do not consider that the proposals in the inquiry concerning Muonio village should be implemented. Traditionally, the method employed in reindeer management to distinguish between the reindeer of various owners has been marks cut in the ears of the reindeer. The reindeer owners compare the reindeer markings to the certificate of registration of title, and the dexterity used in marking is part of their professional skill. The appearance of the reindeer markings, the time when the marks are made and so forth are regulated in detail in the reindeer management act and the regulations pertaining to it. The reindeer markings are registered according to decisions made by the county administrative board. We propose that there should always be a legal obligation to mark reindeer. The should have a register of reindeer markings.The registration should protect the owner of the marking against markings that may be confused with it. Other regulations concerning reindeer markings and the marking of reindeer are to be notified in ordinances or in the regulations of the . Grants and compensation etc (chapter 8) We have surveyed the grants and compensation that are given to reindeer management and the culture. We shall return to this in chapter 8. A summary of the result may be seen in table 8.1. With the overriding aims as a basis, we propose four national aims for the grants given to reindeer management. encourage the 's own efforts to develop their industry encourage an optimal use of pasture improve the financial outcome of reindeer management and a sustainable development of the mountains and the reindeer management area in general, acknowledging the environmental values of the countryside and culture. We propose that the is given the task of working out the grants given to reindeer management within the framework of the national aims for them. Moreover we propose that the responsibility for administering the funds directed towards reindeer management should be transferred from to the . The state reindeer management administration (chapter 9) Governance of the aims and results of state activities are the basis of our proposals. We have found that many tasks that are allocated to the authorities at the present time need no longer to be, and the tasks can be managed by the themselves. The administration of the tasks remaining to the authorities can be simplified and a better coordination of issues concerning the can be achieved. We propose that the government institute a special unit within the Cabinet Office and the Ministries for all issues, with one minister responsible, and that most of the tasks remaining to the authorities concerning reindeer management that are currently administered by should be transferred to the . The should also be the central administrative authority (the sector authority) for issues concerning reindeer management. In addition we propose that the should be responsible for the supervision needed to ensure that reindeer husbandry shows the consideration for the environment and the other matters of public interest that are prescribed in the law concerning the conduct of reindeer management. We propose that the board for the should be disbanded and that the fund should be transferred to the . The county administrative boards for , and counties should be given the responsibility for issues concerning the disposal of land in their respective areas and that the tasks for the reindeer management delegations should be clarified in the instructions for the county administrative boards. As for the administrative issues concerning forestry and reindeer management, we propose that the issues remain with the County Forestry Boards and that the government finds ways of enabling the to influence the decision-making process. Since our premise is that the should be ensured of an influence in state decisions concerning reindeer management as a matter of public interest, we propose that the government considers appointing a member of state decision-making bodies such as the board of , the management boards, the , the state property board, etc. Costs (chapter 11) In the long term our proposals primarily constitute a redistribution of available funds. In some cases our proposals mean that additional resources should be allocated by means of additional appropriations over and above the state budget. We propose a number of temporary contributions designed to ease the implementation of new legislation, primarily within the villages, and to increase collaboration and minimise the conflicts between reindeer management and other users of the land. These temporary contributions are estimated to cost nine million Kronor per year for a three-year period. In addition we propose measures that entail in some cases the payment of compensation to reindeer management and forestry interests respectively. The cost of these measures, together with a certain increase in administration within the management organisation, is estimated to be per year. The funds should be acquired by means of a redistribution within the framework of expenditure area 23: agriculture and forestry, fisheries and related industries. Nytt juridiskt arkiv I Rennäringslagen (1971:437) Skogsvårdslagen (1979:429) Enligt beslut föreskrivs följande. 1 § Den som är av samisk härkomst (same) får enligt bestämmelser- na i denna lag använda mark och vatten till underhåll för sig och sina renar. Rätten enligt första stycket (renskötselrätten) tillkommer den samis- ka befolkningen och grundas på urminnes hävd. Renskötselrätten är en särskild rätt till fast egendom. För förvaltningen av renskötselrätten skall det finnas samebyar. Renskötselrätten får utövas av den som är medlem i sameby. Bestämmelser om hur rennäring skall bedrivas och om rätt att efter tillstånd (koncession) bedriva renskötsel i vissa delar av finns i lagen (2002:xx) om bedrivande av rennäring. 2 § Renskötselrätten omfattar, enligt bestämmelserna i denna lag, rätt till renbete, rätt att uppföra hagar, stängsel, renvaktarstuga, slakteri eller and- ra anläggningar och mindre byggnader som behövs för rensköt- seln, rätt till virke för renskötselanläggningar, familjebostad, bränsle för husbehov och slöjdvirke, rätt att flytta renar, rätt till jakt och fiske. 3 § Renskötselrätt gäller inom följande områden (renskötselområdet) 1. (året-runt-marker) i och läns lappmarker dels ovanför odlingsgränsen, dels nedanför denna gräns på mark där skogsrenskötsel av ålder bedrivs , sommaren eller hösten och marken antingen tillhör eller vid utgången av tillhörde staten (krono- mark) eller utgör renbetesland, inom de områden i och som vid utgången av tillhörde staten och var särskilt upplåtna till renbete, 2.den 1 oktober – (vinterbetesmarkerna) iövriga delar av lappmarkerna nedanför odlingsgränsen, inom sådana trakter utanför lappmarkerna och renbetesfjällen där renskötsel av ålder bedrivs vissa tider av året. Med renbetesland förstås mark som vid avvittringen förklarats utgöra renbetesland eller av ålder använts som sådant land. Med ren- betesfjällen förstås de vid avvittringen för samerna avsatta renbetes- fjällen i och de områden som sedermera upplåtits till utvidgning av dessa fjäll. 4 § Året-runt-marker skall fördelas mellan samebyarna i särskilda byområden. Byområde kan omfatta även vinterbetesmarker. Del av byområde kan vara gemensam för samebyar om det förelig- ger särskilda skäl. Byområdet och övriga områden som samebyn använder för rensköt- sel utgör samebyns betesområde. Bestämmelser om indelning i byområde m.m. finns i 2 kap. 5 § Samebyns betesområde får användas för renbete. Bestämmelser om högsta renantal och inskränkningar i betesrätten på grund av hänsyn till miljön finns i lagen (2002:xx) om bedrivande av rennäring. 6 § Lavbevuxna träd får fällas inom samebyns betesområde om det är oundgängligen nödvändigt för att skaffa foder till renarna. I första hand skall torra eller oväxtliga träd fällas. Avverkning skall om möjligt ske efter anvisning av markens ägare eller brukare. Anläggningar, bränsle och slöjdvirke m.m. 7 § Arbetshage eller annat stängsel för renarna, renslakteri eller annan anläggning som behövs för renskötseln får utföras inom same- byns betesområde. Renvaktarstuga, kåta, förvaringsbod eller annan mindre byggnad som behövs för renskötseln får uppföras på utmark inom byns betesom- råde. Är anläggning som anges i första stycket avsedd för stadigvarande bruk skall den förläggas till plats som anvisas av markens ägare. Det- samma gäller i fråga om byggnad som anges i andra stycket, om den skall uppföras för stadigvarande bruk nedanför odlingsgränsen eller utanför renbetesfjällen på mark som varken är sådan kronomark som står eller vid utgången av stod under statens omedelbara dis- position eller mark som vid avvittring utlagts till allmänningsskog. Uppstår tvist om anvisad plats bestämmer platsen. 8 § Om det behövs virke till en anläggning eller en byggnad som av- ses i 7 § får skog avverkas på den del av samebyns betesområde som hör till lappmarkerna, renbetesfjällen eller de områden i och som vid utgången av tillhörde staten och var särskilt upplåtna till renbete. Bränsle och slöjdvirke får tas för eget behov inom den i första stycket angivna delen av betesområdet. Växande barrträd får avverkas endast efter anvisning av markens ägare eller brukare, om denne inte medger något annat. På sådan mark utanför lappmarkerna och renbetesfjällen som hör till en samebys betesområde får för ändamål som anges i första och andra stycket endast tas torra träd, vindfällen, skogsavfall, tall- och grantjur eller, för tillfälligt behov, lövträd som växer på utmark. 9 § Till uppförande eller ombyggnad av familjebostad får skog av- verkas inom byns betesområde på kronomark som står eller vid utgång- en av stod under statens omedelbara disposition eller mark som vid avvittring utlagts till allmänningsskog. Avverkning får ske endast efter anvisning av markägare. 10 § Bränsle får för eget behov tas inom annan samebys betesområde vid renskiljning eller annan verksamhet som har samband med renarnas skötsel.