sou · GOB3142d5 · 2001-01-01 00:00:00 — %ODQG 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU YDU GHW HQGDVW HQ WUHGMHGHO VRP KDGH HUKnOOLW VLQ XWELOGQLQJ KRV QnJRQ DY GH UHJLRQDOD DQRUGQDUQD HOOHU L 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV OlUDUXWELOGQLQJDU gYULJD KDGH JnWW Sn NXUV KRV DQGUD DQRUGQDUH *HQRP DWW GHOD XSS VYDUHQ IUnQ 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU Sn VnGDQD VRP KDU JnWW Sn NXUV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONV XWELOGQLQJHQ RFK VnGDQD VRP KDU InWW XWELOGQLQJ YLD DQGUD XWELOGQLQJV DQRUGQDUH NDQ VNLOOQDGHU L XSSOHYG NYDOLWHW MlPI|UDV 'HWWD YLVDV L ILJXU )LJXU $QGHO L SURFHQW VRP lU Q|MGD PLVVQ|MGD EODQG GH DY 1lULQJV OLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU VRP KDU JnWW Sn NXUV JDQVND Q|MG JDQVND Q|MG ,QRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONV 'HW YLVDU VLJ DWW NXUVHUQD VRP KDU DQRUGQDWV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM| EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ InU ElWWUH EHW\J DY 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU lQ YDG PDQ JHU NXUVHU KRV DQGUD XWELOGQLQJVDQRUGQDUH $WW GHWWD JlOOHU GDJDUV NXUVHU lU QDWXUOLJW HIWHUVRP NXUVHU DY GHQQD OlQJG IUlPVW KDU KnOOLWV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ 'HW lU GlUHPRW LQWUHV VDQW DWW lYHQ HQGDJVNXUVHQ LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ JHV HWW VDPPDQWDJHW ElWWUH EHW\J lQ PRWVYDUDQGH NXUVHU KRV DQGUD XWELOG QLQJVDQRUGQDUH 7\GOLJDVW lU VNLOOQDGHQ QlU GHW JlOOHU DQGHOHQ VRP lU JDQVND HOOHU P\FNHW PLVVQ|MGD , HQNlWHQ EHU|UGHV NYDOLWHWHQ lYHQ JHQRP DWW PnOJUXSSHUQD ILFN DQJH RP GHW IDQQV QnJRW VlUVNLOW XQGHU NXUVHUQD VRP PDQ W\FNWH YDU EUD HOOHU GnOLJW 0HG QnJRW XQGDQWDJ lU GHW In VRP DQJLYLW DWW PDQ DQVHU QnJRW YDUD GnOLJW 6YDUHQ RP YDG PDQ DQVHU YDUD SRVLWLYW IUDPJnU DY ILJXU )LJXU $QGHO L SURFHQW VRP DQVHU DWW ROLND DVSHNWHU KRV NXUVHUQD KDU YDULW EUD 0LOM|FKHIHU NRP 2UGI|UDQGH L NRP PXQDOD PLOM|QlPQGHU PLOM|FKHIHU $QQDQ 0LOM|FKHIHU NRP 2UGI|UDQGH L NRP PXQDOD PLOM|QlPQGHU PLOM|FKHIHU $QQDQ $Y WDEHOOHQ L ILJXU IUDPJnU DWW NRPSHQGLHU RFK NXUVPDWHULDO LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ KDU InWW P\FNHW RPG|PHQ 'HW lU LQWUHVVDQW DWW MlPI|UD PHG GH PHGOHPPDU L 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU VRP KDU JnWW Sn NXUV KRV DQGUD DQRUGQDUH 'lU lU GHW HQ SnIDOODQGH OnJ DQGHO VRP KDU VYDUDW DWW PDQ XSSIDWWDW NRPSHQGLHU RFK NXUVPDWHULDO VRP EUD .XUVHUQDV UHOHYDQV lU GlUHIWHU GHQ DVSHNW VRP IOHVW KDU W\FNW YDULW EUD +lU YLVDU VLJ GRFN DWW RUGI|UDQGHQD L PLOM|QlPQGHUQD LQWH KDU ULNWLJW VDPPD SRVLWLYD V\Q VRP |YULJD PnOJUXSSHU VRP KDU XWELOGDWV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ bYHQ OlUDUQDV lPQHVNRPSHWHQV RPQlPQV DY PLQVW KlOIWHQ VRP EUD +lU lU RPG|PHW MlPQW I|UGHODW KRV PnOJUXSSHUQD gYQLQJVH[HPSOHQ OlUDUQDV MXULGLVND NRPSHWHQV RFK GH SUDNWLVND DUUDQJHPDQJHQ lU GH DVSHNWHU VRP PDQ PLQVW RIWD DQVHWW YDUD EUD gYQLQJVH[HPSOHQ YHUNDU QlVWDQ KD YDULW DQSDVVDGH IUlPVW I|U NRP PXQHUQDV EHKRY 'H SUDNWLVND DUUDQJHPDQJHQ KDU SDVVDW SROLWLNHUQD PLQVW EUD /lUDUQDV MXULGLVND NRPSHWHQV KDU IUDPI|U DOOW YDULW VW\UNDQ KRV XWELOGQLQJVDQRUGQDUH YLG VLGDQ DY 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ œ(Q P\FNHW VWRU DQGHO DY PnOJUXSSHUQD KDU HQ SRVLWLY HUIDUHQKHW DY NXUVHUQD LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ œ%HU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD RFK NRPPXQHUQDV PLOM|FKHIHU JHU GRFN LQWH gYHUVLNWVNXUVHQ UHVSHNWLYH 0LOM|EDONHQ RFK GHQ I\VLVND SODQHULQJHQ HWW KHOW IXOOJRWW EHW\J œ.XUVHUQD VRP KDU DQRUGQDWV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ InU ElWWUH EHW\J DY 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU lQ YDG PDQ JHU NXUVHU KRV DQGUD XWELOGQLQJVDQRUGQDUH œ0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV XWELOGQLQJVPDWHULDO JHV HWW P\FNHW EUD EHW\J œ2UGI|UDQGHQD L PLOM|QlPQGHUQD lU LQWH OLND SRVLWLYD WLOO NXUVHUQDV UHOHYDQV VRP |YULJD PnOJUXSSHU œgYQLQJVH[HPSOHQ YHUNDU QlVWDQ KD YDULW DQSDVVDGH IUlPVW I|U NRP PXQHUQDV EHKRY œ'H SUDNWLVND DUUDQJHPDQJHQ KDU SDVVDW SROLWLNHUQD PLQVW EUD œ/lUDUQDV MXULGLVND NRPSHWHQV KDU IUDPI|U DOOW YDULW VW\UNDQ KRV XWELOG QLQJVDQRUGQDUH YLG VLGDQ DY 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ .XUVPDWHULDO RFK ,QIRUPDWLRQ .XUVPDWHULDO VRP KDU DQYlQWV LQRP UDPHQ I|U 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ KDU WDJLWV IUDP DY ROLND DUEHWVJUXSSHU NQXWQD WLOO 0LOM|EDONVNRPPLWWpQ $PELWLRQHQ IUnQ NRPPLWWpQ KDU YDULW DWW NXUVNRPSHQGLHUQD VND NXQQD DQYlQGDV VRP XSSVODJVYHUN L KDQGOlJJDUQDV O|SDQGH DUEHWH bYHQ EL ODJRUQD PHG ODJ I|URUGQLQJ KDQGOlJJQLQJVlUHQGHQ VNXOOH NXQQD DQ YlQGDV Sn GHWWD VlWW , HQNlWHQ KDU GH ROLND PnOJUXSSHUQD InWW VYDUD Sn KXU GH LQRP VLQD HQKHWHU DQYlQGHU NXUVNRPSHQGLHUQD L GHW O|SDQGH DUEHWHW HIWHU NXU VHUQD 5HVXOWDWHW YLVDV L ILJXU )LJXU $QGHOHQ L SURFHQW VRP LQRP VLQD HQKHWHU DQYlQGHU NXUV NRPSHQGLHU YDUMH GDJ HOOHU YDUMH YHFND L GHW O|SDQGH DUEHWHW 0LOM|I|UYDOWQLQJDU 0LOM| 3ODQHQKHWHU OlQVVW\UHOVHU 1lU GHWWD VNULYV KDU HQGDVW OlUDUNXUVHUQD L $WW DQYlQGD PLOM|EDONHQ KnOOLWV 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|HQKHWHU DQYlQGHU NRPSHQGLHUQD EHW\GOLJW PHU VlOODQ lQ YDG PDQ J|U Sn P\QGLJKHWHUQD .RPSHQGLHUQD I|U gYHUVLNWVNXUVHQ RFK *UXQGNXUVHQ DQYlQGV YDUGHUD QnJRQ JnQJ FD SUR FHQW 2UGI|UDQGHQD L PLOM|QlPQGHUQD KDU LVWlOOHW InWW IUnJDQ RP GH DQ YlQGHU NXUVNRPSHQGLHUQD IUnQ 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ L VLWW SROLWLVND DUEHWH SURFHQW VYDUDU DWW NRPSHQGLHUQD DQYlQGV RIWD HOOHU LEODQG 9LG VLGDQ DY NXUVNRPSHQGLHUQD KDU GHW lYHQ IXQQLWV WUH NRPSHQGLHU VRP KDU YDULW ELODJRU WLOO NXUVNRPSHQGLHUQD 'HW JlOOHU ODJWH[WHQ VDPWOLJD I|URUGQLQJDU VDPODGH L HWW NRPSHQGLXP RFK KDQGOlJJQLQJV VFKHPDQ I|U ROLND lUHQGHW\bYHQ HQ IUnJD RP GHWWD LQJLFN L HQNlWHQ RFK UHVXOWDWHW YLVDV L ILJXU )UnJD $QGHOHQ L SURFHQW VRP LQRP VLQD HQKHWHU DQYlQGHU |YULJD NRPSHQGLHU YDUMH GDJ HOOHU YDUMH YHFND L GHW O|SDQGH DUEHWHW /DJWH[W 0LOM|I|UYDOWQLQJDU 0LOM| 3ODQHQKHWHU OlQV 0LOM|HQKHWHU Sn I|UHWDJ 6RP IUDPJnU DY WDEHOOHUQD L ILJXU RFK lU NRPSHQGLHUQD PHG ODJWH[WHQ RFK I|URUGQLQJDUQD GH PHVW IOLWLJW DQYlQGD DY DOOD NRPSHQGLHU VRP WDJLWV IUDP LQRP 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ bYHQ Sn GH SULYDWD I|UHWDJHQ LQRP 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU DQYlQGHU PDQ GHP I|UKnOODQGHYLV RIWD 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ KDU lYHQ JLYLW XW HWW NRPSHQGLXP PHG IUnJRU RFK VYDU VRP lU HWW XUYDO DY GH IUnJRU VRP VWlOOWV DY EHV|NDUH L IUnJHOnGDQ Sn 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV KHPVLGD RFK VRP EHVYDUDWV DY 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV NDQVOL %ODQG GH I\UD PnOJUXSSHUQD L GHQQD XQGHUV|NQLQJ lU GHW IUDPI|U DOOW PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD SURFHQW VRP DQYlQW GHWWD NRPSHQGLXP 'H IOHVWD DY GHVVD |YHU QnJRW VRP GH LQWH KDU VW|WW Sn WLGLJDUH %ODQG EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD lU GHW SURFHQW VRP DQYlQW NRPSHQGLHW RFK EODQG 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU lU GHW SUR FHQW , HQNlWHQ KDU GHW lYHQ LQJnWW HQ IUnJD RP KXU PnOJUXSSHUQD KDU DQ YlQW 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV KHPVLGD 'HQ PHVW IUHNYHQWD PnOJUXSSHQ lU EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD 'U\JW KlOIWHQ EHV|NHU KHPVLGDQ YDUMH YHFND %ODQG 0LOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD JnU HQ WUHGMHGHO LQ PLQVW YDUMH YHFND PHGDQ DQGHOHQ lU SURFHQW I|U 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM| FKHIHU %ODQG RUGI|UDQGHQ L PLOM|QlPQGHUQD KDU HQ WUHGMHGHO EHV|NW KHPVLGDQ HQ HOOHU IOHUD JnQJHU +RV EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD lU ODJWH[WHQ I|URUGQLQJDUQD RFK lQGULQJDU L ODJ RFK I|URUGQLQJ GH PHVW SRSXOlUD Sn KHPVLGDQ +RV PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD lU GHW LVWlOOHW IUnJHOnGDQ VRP lU PHVW SRSXOlU 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV NRPSHQGLHU LQIRUPDWLRQVPDWHULDO RFK KHPVLGD lU WLOOJlQJOLJD I|U NRPPXQHU RFK OlQVVW\UHOVHU DWW DQYlQGD RFK KlQYLVD , HQNlWHQ KDU LQJnWW HQ IUnJD RP L YLONHQ XWVWUlFNQLQJ PDQ KlQYLVDU YHUNVDPKHWVXW|YDUH PHGLD RFK DOOPlQKHW DWW OlVD 0HOODQ RFK SURFHQW DY EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD RFK PLOM|FKHIHUQD Sn PLOM|I|UYDOWQLQJDUQD DQJHU DWW GH J|U VnGDQD KlQYLVQLQJDU UHJHOEXQGHW GYV YDUMH YHFND HOOHU YDUMH PnQDG œ0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV NRPSHQGLHU DQYlQGV L EHW\GDQGH XWVWUlFN QLQJ L GHW O|SDQGH DUEHWHW HIWHU NXUVHUQD œ.RPSHQGLHUQD PHG ODJWH[WHQ RFK I|URUGQLQJDUQD lU GH PHVW IOLWLJW DQYlQGD œ.RPSHQGLHW PHG VDPPDQVWlOOGD IUnJRU RFK VYDU IUnQ 0LOM|EDONV XWELOGQLQJHQV KHPVLGD OlVHV IUlPVW DY PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD œ%HU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD lU GH IOLWLJDVWH EHV|NDUQD Sn 0LOM| EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQV KHPVLGD 'HW lU ODJWH[W I|URUGQLQJDU RFK lQG ULQJDU VRP lU YLNWLJDVW )|U PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD lU IUnJHOnGDQ YLNWLJDVW œ(Q WUHGMHGHO DY EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD RFK PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD KlQYLVDU YHUNVDPKHWVXW|YDUH PHGLD HOOHU DOOPlQKHW UH JHOEXQGHW WLOO QnJRW PDWHULDO VRP 0LOM|EDONVXWELOGQLQJHQ KDU WDJLW IUDP 0LOM|EDONVNRPPLWWpQ lU SODQHUDG DWW XSSK|UD YLG XWJnQJHQ DY )UDPWLGD XWELOGQLQJ RP PLOM|EDONHQ PnVWH GlUI|U EHGULYDV XWDQ VW|G DY 0LOM|EDONVNRPPLWWpQ , HQNlWHQ LQJLFN QnJUD IUnJRU I|U DWW NlQQD DY KXU GH ROLND PnOJUXSSHUQD UHGDQ LGDJ VHU DWW GHW ILQQV I|U EHKRY DY IRUWVDWW XWELOGQLQJ 0HVW DQJHOlJQD RP DWW UHGDQ LGDJ DQRUGQD PHU XWELOGQLQJ lU RUG I|UDQGHQD L NRPPXQHUQDV PLOM|QlPQGHU +lOIWHQ DQVHU DWW L VWRUW VHWW DOOD DY QlPQGHQV OHGDP|WHU EHK|YHU \WWHUOLJDUH XWELOGQLQJ bYHQ EODQG PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD lU EHKRYHW VWRUW UHGDQ LGDJ SURFHQW DY PLOM|FKHIHUQD DQVHU DWW L VWRUW VHWW DOOD GHUDV PHGDUEHWDUH EHK|YHU \WWHUOLJDUH XWELOGQLQJ %ODQG EHU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD lU GHW HQGDVW SURFHQW VRP DQVHU DWW L VWRUW VHWW DOOD PHGDUEHWDUH EHK|YHU PHU XWELOGQLQJ YLONHW lU QnJRW PLQGUH lQ KXU 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU XSSIDWWDU XWELOGQLQJV EHKRYHW EODQG VLQD PHGDUEHWDUH 3ROLWLNHUQD VHU DWW EHKRYHW DY XWELOGQLQJ ElVW VNXOOH NXQQD WLOOJRGRVHV JHQRP œ(UIDUHQKHWVXWE\WH UHJLRQDOW PHOODQ WMlQVWHPlQ RFK SROLWLNHU œ6HPLQDULHU RP I|UlQGULQJDU L ODJHQ RFK I|URUGQLQJDUQD SURFHQW œ8SSUHSQLQJ DY EHILQWOLJD NXUVHU SURFHQW 3URFHQWVDWVHUQD DYVHU KXU VWRU DQGHO VRP DQVHU DWW GHQQD XWELOGQLQJV IRUP lU P\FNHW HOOHU JDQVND YLNWLJ 0LOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD SULRULWHUDU LVWlOOHW I|OMDQGH LQVDWVHU œ1\D VSHFLDOLQULNWDGH NXUVHU VHPLQDULHU L VDNIUnJRU HOOHU lPQHVRPUnGHQ œ6|NP|MOLJKHW Sn KHPVLGD EODQG ODJ I|URUGQLQJ I|UHVNULIWHU UlWWVIDOO RFK lQGULQJDU SURFHQW œ6HPLQDULHU RP I|UlQGULQJDU L ODJHQ RFK I|URUGQLQJDUQD SURFHQW %HU|UGD FKHIHU Sn OlQVVW\UHOVHUQD RFK 1lULQJVOLYHWV PLOM|FKHIHU KDU VDPPD SULRULWHULQJDU VRP PLOM|FKHIHUQD L NRPPXQHUQD PHQ VYDUDU LQWH PHG VDPPD NUDIWLJD HIWHUWU\FN œ, NRPPXQHUQD lU EHKRYHW DY XWELOGQLQJ IRUIDUDQGH VWRUW EnGH EODQG SROLWLNHU RFK WMlQVWHPlQ