prop · GL03139 · 1998-01-01 00:00:00 — Bestämmelsen som endast avsåg svenskt havsfiske utanför sjöterritoriet gavs en generell utformning så att den kunde tillämpas också på framtida konventioner på fiskets område. De kontrollerande myndigheternas befogenheter inbegriper inte rätt att tillgripa våld eller att avbryta ett pågående fiske. Det förutsätts vidare att myndigheterna utövar sina befogenheter till sjöss och att de inte kan kräva att fartyget går till någon hamn. Inför en ratifikation av avtalet erfordras en mer långtgående lagstiftning. För att leva upp till förpliktelserna enligt avtalet bör 33 § fiskelagen kompletteras med en bestämmelse att andra länders behöriga myndigheter, vid allvarliga överträdelser, får föra ett svenskt fiskefartyg till hamn. Befogenheten kan komma att utnyttjas om en befälhavare vägrar att medverka vid den främmande myndighetens kontroll. Det kan också inträffa att någon form av tvång blir aktuellt vid myndighetsutövningen. Avtalet föreskriver dock att tvångsåtgärder skall undvikas utom när det är nödvändigt för att säkerställa inspektörernas säkerhet och om de hindras i sin tjänsteutövning. Graden av tvång får inte heller överskrida vad som är skäligt med hänsyn till omständigheterna. Lagändringen kräver riksdagsbeslut med kvalificerad majoritet eftersom den avser överlämnande av myndighetsutövning till utländska myndigheter. 7 Författningskommentar 13 § Som ett nytt andra stycke har införts en regel som innebär att EES- medborgare ges rätt att fiska yrkesmässigt här i landet, om de beviljas svensk yrkesfiskelicens. 22 § Enligt det nya andra stycket kan föreskrifter meddelas om automatisk överföring av uppgifter om fartyget via satellit. Det innebär att information skall kunna lämnas om verksamheten med fartyget utan annan aktiv medverkan av den fiskande än att denne ser till att utrustningen är i drift. 30 § Det hittillsvarande bosättningskravet ersätts av ett krav att fisket skall ha anknytning till svensk fiskerinäring. De närmare föreskrifter som får meddelas med stöd av det nya tredje stycket är avsedda att grundas på bl.a. avgöranden på området. 33 § Genom ändringen blir det möjligt för andra länders myndigheter att föra svenska fiskefartyg till hamn. En förutsättning för en sådan åtgärd är att den är påkallad till följd av en allvarlig överträdelse av sådana fiskebestämmelser som beslutats inom ramen för internationella överenskommelser. Exempel på vad som avses med allvarliga överträdelser har lämnats i den allmänna motiveringen (avsnitt 6.2). Den tidigare preciseringen av befälhavarens skyldigheter i sista stycket har formulerats om för att täcka också en eventuell ilandföring. Förteckning över remissinstanserna Efter remiss har yttranden över departementspromemorian (Ds 1998:2) Ändringar i fiskelagen m.m. avgivits av Riksåklagaren, , , Kammarrätten i , , Norra och . Lagrådsremissens lagförslag Förslag till lag om ändring i fiskelagen (1993:787) Härigenom föreskrivs att 13, 22, 30 och 33 §§ fiskelagen (1993:787) skall ha följande lydelse. Nuvarande lydelse Föreslagen lydelse 13 § Utländska medborgare får fiska med handredskap i enlighet med bestämmelserna i 8 och 9 §§ om svenska medborgares rätt att fiska. Utländska medborgare, som omfattas av internationella åtaganden om etableringsfrihet, arbetskraftens fria rörlighet och utbyte av tjänster, får fiska yrkesmässigt i samma utsträckning som svenska medborgare, om de beviljas yrkesfiskelicens enligt 30 §. Utan stöd av enskild fiskerätt får annat fiske bedrivas av utländska medborgare bara om det medges i föreskrifter som meddelas av regeringen eller den myndighet som regeringen bestämmer. Utländska medborgare som är stadigvarande bosatta här i landet är dock likställda med svenska medborgare. 22 §1 Regeringen eller den myndighet som regeringen bestämmer får meddela föreskrifter om skyldighet för den som bedriver yrkesmässigt fiske att lämna uppgifter om 1. fiskefartyg, fiskeredskap, fiskemetod, fångst, tid och plats för fångsten, omlastning, landning, försäljning, och 2. andra förhållanden rörande fisket som är av betydelse för tillämpningen av EG:s förordningar om den gemensamma fiskeripolitiken. Regeringen eller den myndighet som regeringen bestämmer får föreskriva att ett fiskefartyg skall ha utrustning som automatiskt via satellit överför information om fartyget. 30 § Yrkesfiskelicens kan beviljas den som är stadigvarande bosatt i och för vars försörjning fisket är av väsentlig betydelse. Licens får beviljas . Yrkesfiskelicens får beviljas den för vars försörjning fisket är av väsentlig betydelse, om fisket har anknytning till svensk fiskerinäring. Licens får beviljas . När en fråga om licens prövas första gången skall tillgången på fisk beaktas. Regeringen eller den myndighet som regeringen bestämmer meddelar ytterligare föreskrifter om villkoren för yrkesfiskelicens. 33 § Vid svenskt havsfiske utanför Sveriges sjöterritorium får efterlevnaden av internationella överenskommelser om fiskevård och fiskets bedrivande kontrolleras av de utländska myndigheter som anges i föreskrifter som meddelas av regeringen eller den myndighet som regeringen bestämmer. En sådan myndighet skall lämnas tillträde till svenska fiskefartyg och ges tillfälle att undersöka fiskeredskap, fångst och lastutrymmen samt att ta del av de loggböcker och handlingar av betydelse för fisket som finns ombord. En sådan utländsk myndighet skall lämnas tillträde till svenska fiskefartyg och ges tillfälle att undersöka fiskeredskap, fångst, lastutrymmen och utrustning i övrigt samt att ta del av de loggböcker och handlingar av betydelse för fisket som finns ombord. Myndigheten får också, med åberopande av att en bestämmelse för fisket överträtts på ett allvarligt sätt, föra fartyget till hamn. Befälhavaren på ett fiskefartyg är skyldig att underlätta bordning och kontrollens genomförande i övrigt. Befälhavaren på ett fiskefartyg är skyldig att underlätta åtgärdernas genomförande. Denna lag träder i kraft . Lagrådets yttrande Utdrag ur protokoll vid sammanträde Närvarande: f.d. justitierådet Per Jermsten, regeringsrådet , justitierådet . Enligt en lagrådsremiss () har regeringen beslutat inhämta Lagrådets yttrande över förslag till lag om ändringar i fiskelagen (1993:787). Förslaget har inför Lagrådet föredragits av kanslirådet . Lagrådet lämnar förslaget utan erinran. Avtalet om genomförande av bestämmelserna i havsrättskonvention av om bevarande och förvaltning av gränsöverskridande och långvandrande fiskbestånd AGREEMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE SEA OF 10 DECEMBER 1982 RELATING TO THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS The state parties to this agreement, Recalling the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the of the Sea of , Determined to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, Resolved to improve cooperation between States to that end, Calling for more effective enforcement by flag States, port States and States of the conservation and management measures adopted for such stocks, Seeking to address in particular the problems identified in chapter 17, programme area C, of adopted by the on Environment and Development, namely, that the management of high seas fisheries is inadequate in many areas and that some resources are overutilized; noting that there are problems of unregulated fishing, over-capitalization, excessive fleet size, reflagging to escape controls, insufficiently selective gear, unreliable databases and lack of sufficient cooperation between States, Committing themselves to responsible fisheries, Conscious of the need to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, preserve biodiversity, maintain the integrity of ecosystems and minimize the risk of long-term or irreversible effects of fishing operations, Recognizing the need for specific assistance, including financial, scientific and technological assistance, in order that developing States can participate effectively in the conservation, management and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, Convinced that an agreement for the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Convention would best serve these purposes and contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, Affirming that matters not regulated by the Convention or by this Agree- ment continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law, agreed as follows: Use of terms and scope For the purposes of this Agreement: (a) "Convention" means the United Nations Convention on the of the Sea of ; (b) "conservation and management measures" means measures to conserve and manage one or more species of living resources that are adopted and applied consistent with the relevant rules of international law as reflected in the Convention and this Agreement; (c) "fish" includes molluscs and crustaceans except those belonging to sedentary species as defined in Article 77 of the Convention; and (d) "arrangement" means a cooperative mechanism established in accordance with the Convention and this Agreement by two or more States for the purpose, inter alia, of establishing conservation and management measures in a subregion or region for one or more straddling fish stocks or highly migratory fish stocks. (2) (a) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Agreement and for which the Agreement is in force. (b) This Agreement applies mutatis mutandis: (i) to any entity referred to in Article 305, paragraph 1 (c), (d) and (e), of the Convention and (ii) subject to article 47, to any entity referred to as an "international organization" in , Article 1, of the Convention which becomes a Party to this Agreement, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities. This Agreement applies mutatis mutandis to other fishing entities whose fish on the high seas. The objective of this Agreement is to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks through effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Convention. Unless otherwise provided, this Agreement applies to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks beyond areas under national jurisdiction, except that articles 6 and 7 apply also to the conservation and management of such stocks within areas under national jurisdiction, subject to the different legal regimes that apply within areas under national jurisdiction and in areas beyond national jurisdiction as provided for in the Convention. In the exercise of its sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks within areas under national jurisdiction, the State shall apply mutatis mutandis the general principles enumerated in article 5. States shall give due consideration to the respective capacities of developing States to apply articles 5, 6 and 7 within areas under national jurisdiction and their need for assistance as provided for in this Agreement. To this end, Part VII applies mutatis mutandis in respect of areas under national jurisdiction. Relationship between this Agreement and the Convention Nothing in this Agreement shall prejudice the rights, jurisdiction and duties of States under the Convention. This Agreement shall be interpreted and applied in the context of and in a consistent with the Convention. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS In order to conserve and manage straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, States and States fishing on the high seas shall, in giving effect to their duty to cooperate in accordance with the Convention: (a) adopt measures to ensure long-term sustainability of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks and promote the objective of their optimum utilization; (b) ensure that such measures are based on the best scientific evidence available and are designed to maintain or restore stocks at levels capable of producing maximum sustainable yield, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors, including the special requirements of developing States, and taking into account fishing patterns, the interdependence of stocks and any generally recommended international minimum standards, whether subregional, regional or global; (c) apply the precautionary approach in accordance with article 6; (d) assess the impacts of fishing, other human activities and environmental factors on target stocks and species belonging to the same ecosystem or associated with or dependent upon the target stocks; (e) adopt, where necessary, conservation and management measures for species belonging to the same ecosystem or associated with or dependent upon the target stocks, with a view to maintaining or restoring populations of such species above levels at which their reproduction may become seriously threatened; (f) minimize pollution, waste, discards, catch by lost or abandoned gear, catch of non-target species, both fish and non-fish species, (hereinafter referred to as non-target species) and impacts on associated or dependent species, in particular endangered species, through measures including, to the extent practicable, the development and use of selective, environmentally safe and cost-effective fishing gear and techniques; (g) protect biodiversity in the environment; (h) take measures to prevent or eliminate overfishing and excess fishing capacity and to ensure that levels of fishing effort do not exceed those commensurate with the sustainable use of fishery resources; (i) take into account the interests of artisanal and subsistence ; (j) collect and share, in a timely , complete and accurate data concerning fishing activities on, inter alia, position, catch of target and non-target species and fishing effort, as set our in , as well as information from national and international research programmes; (k) promote and conduct scientific research and develop appropriate technologies in support of fishery conservation and management; and (l) implement and enforce conservation and management measures through effective monitoring, control and surveillance. Application of the precautionary approach States shall apply the precautionary approach widely to conservation, management and exploitation of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks in order to protect the living resources and preserve the environment. States shall be more cautious when information is uncertain, unreliable or inadequate. The absence of adequate scientific information shall not be used as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and management measures. In implementing the precautionary approach, States shall: (a) improve decision-making for fishery resource conservation and management by obtaining and sharing the best scientific information available and implementing improved techniques for dealing with risk and uncertainty; (b) apply the guidelines set out in and determine, on the basis of the best scientific information available, stock-specific reference points and the action to be taken if they are exceeded; (c) take into account, inter alia, uncertainties relating to the size and productivity of the stocks, reference points, stock condition in relation to such reference points, levels and distribution of fishing mortality and the impact of fishing activities on non-target and associated or dependent species, as well as existing and predicted oceanic, environmental and socio-economic conditions; and (d) develop data collection and research programmes to assess the impact of fishing on non-target and associated or dependent species and their environment, and adopt plans which are necessary to ensure the conservation of such species and to protect habitats of special concern. States shall take measures to ensure that, when reference points are approached, they will not be exceeded. In the event that they are exceeded, States shall, without delay, take the action determined under paragraph 3 (b) to restore the stocks. Where the status of target stocks or non-target or associated or dependent species is of concern, States shall subject such stocks and species to enhanced monitoring in order to review their status and the efficacy of conservation and management measures. They shall revise those measures regularly in the light of new information. For new or exploratory fisheries, States shall adopt as soon as possible cautious conservation and management measures, including, inter alia, catch limits and effort limits. Such measures shall remain in force until there are sufficient data to allow assessment of the impact of the fisheries on the long-term sustainability of the stocks, whereupon conservation and management measures based on that assessment shall be implemented. The latter measures shall, if appropriate, allow for the gradual development of the fisheries. If a natural phenomenon has a significant adverse impact on the status of straddling fish stocks or highly migratory fish stocks, States shall adopt conservation and management measures on an emergency basis to ensure that fishing activity does not exacerbate such adverse impact. States shall also adopt such measures on an emergency basis where fishing activity presents a serious threat to the sustainability of such stocks. Measures taken on an emergency basis shall be temporary and shall be based on the best scientific evidence available. Compatibility of conservation and management measures Without prejudice to the sovereign rights of States for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the living resources within areas under national jurisdiction as provided for in the Convention, and the right of all States for their nationals to engage in fishing on the high seas in accordance with the Convention: (a) with respect to straddling fish stocks, the relevant States and the States whose nationals fish for such stocks in the adjacent high seas area shall seek, either directly or through the appropriate mechanisms for cooperation provided for in Part III, to agree upon the measures necessary for the conservation of these stocks in the adjacent high seas area; (b) with respect to highly migratory fish stocks, the relevant States and other States whose nationals fish for such stocks in the region shall cooperate, either directly or through the appropriate mechanisms for cooperation provided for in Part III, with a view to ensuring conservation and promoting the objective of optimum utilization of such stocks throughout the region, both within and beyond the areas under national jurisdiction. Conservation and management measures established for the high seas and those adopted for areas under national jurisdiction shall be compatible in order to ensure conservation and management of the straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks in their entirety. To this end, States and States fishing on the high seas have a duty to cooperate for the purpose of achieving compatible measures in respect of such stocks. In determining compatible conservation and management measures, States shall: (a) take into account the conservation and management measures adopted and applied in accordance with article 61 of the Convention in respect of the same stocks by States within areas under national jurisdiction and ensure that measures established in respect of such stocks for the high seas do not undermine the effectiveness of such measures; (b) take into account previously agreed measures established and applied for the high seas in accordance with the Convention in respect of the same stocks by relevant States and States fishing on the high seas; (c) take into account previously agreed measures established and applied in accordance with the Convention in respect of the same stocks by a subregional or regional fisheries management organization or arrangement; (d) take into account the biological unity and other biological characteristics of the stocks and the relationships between the distribution of the stocks, the fisheries and the geographical particularities of the region concerned, including the extent to which the stocks occur and are fished in areas under national jurisdiction; (e) take into account the respective dependence of the States and the States fishing on the high seas on the stocks concerned; and (f) ensure that such measures do not result in harmful impact on the living resources as a whole. In giving effect to their duty to cooperate, States shall make every effort to agree on compatible conservation and management measures within a reasonable period of time. If no agreement can be reached within a reasonable period of time, any of the States concerned may invoke the procedures for the settlement of disputes provided for in Part VIII. Pending agreement on compatible conservation and management measures, the States concerned, in a spirit of understanding and cooperation, shall make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature. In the event that they are unable to agree on such arrangements, any of the States concerned may, for the purpose of obtaining provisional measures, submit the dispute to a court or tribunal in accordance with the procedures for the settlement of disputes provided for in Part VIII. Provisional arrangements or measures entered into or prescribed pursuant to paragraph 5 shall take into account the provisions of this Part, shall have due regard to the rights and obligations of all States concerned, shall not jeopardize or hamper the reaching of final agreement on compatible conservation and management measures and shall be without prejudice to the final outcome of any dispute settlement procedure. States shall regularly inform States fishing on the high seas in the subregion or region, either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, or through other appropriate means, of the measures they have adopted for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks within areas under their national jurisdiction. States fishing on the high seas shall regularly inform other interested States, either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, or through other appropriate means, of the measures they have adopted for regulating the activities of flying their flag which fish for such stocks on the high seas. MECHANISMS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION CONCERNING STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS Cooperation for conservation and management States and States fishing on the high seas shall, in accordance with the Convention, pursue cooperation in relation to straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, taking into account the specific characteristics of the subregion or region, to ensure effective conservation and management of such stocks. States shall enter into consultations in good faith and without delay, particularly where there is evidence that the straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks concerned may be under threat of over- exploitation or where a new fishery is being developed for such stocks. To this end, consultations may be initiated at the request of any interested State with a view to establishing appropriate arrangements to ensure conservation and management of the stocks.