prop · GL03174 · 1998-01-01 00:00:00 — Beslutet innebär att inspektionen tillåts men beslutet skall också ange vilka åtgärder som får företas vid inspektionen i enlighet med vad som anges som möjligt i 4 §. Regeringen skall också utse en myndighet som skall närvara vid inspektionen. En myndighet, som redan i förväg genom särskilt beslut är utsedd att ha särskilt ansvar för och närvara vid inspektioner, kan i det inledande regeringsbeslutet få närmare instruktioner. En enskild som berörs av en inspektion skall enligt andra stycket som huvudregel höras innan beslut om dess genomförande fattas. Det rör sig om ägare eller nyttjanderättshavare till fastigheter eller annan egendom som kan bli föremål för inspektion, dvs. de som har ett väsentligt intresse i saken. Endast om tiden inte medger det eller om ett hörande annars skulle avsevärt försvåra inspektionens genomförande kan detta underlåtas. Det bör erinras om att en inspektion i allmänhet kan komma att omfatta mycket stora arealer. Detta kan å ena sida innebära att flera rättighetshavare kan komma att bli berörda. Å andra sidan innebär det att det kan bli lättare att tillämpa de relativt stora möjligheter att erbjuda alternativa undersökningsobjekt som fördraget erbjuder, något som ofta skulle kunna tillfredsställa enskildas önskemål. I de fall då en stor och obestämd krets av rättighetshavare kan bli berörda kan detta vara skäl att underlåta ett hörande liksom då man kan befara ren obstruktion. 3 § Den myndighet som skall närvara vid inspektionen får fatta verkställighetsbeslut. Flera situationer kan förväntas uppstå under en inspektion då verkställighetsbeslut av skilda slag måste fattas. Det kan bl.a. komma att röra sig om frågor om alternativa undersökningsobjekt, inte minst mot bakgrund av bestämmelsen i 6 § om hänsynen till företagshemligheter. Frågor av särskild vikt skall av myndigheten hänskjutas till regeringens bedömning. Vilken typ av frågor detta är avgör myndigheten på eget ansvar. Det kan t.ex. röra sig om bedömningar på platsen som rör svensk säkerhetspolitik. En önskan från inspektörerna att en fråga avgörs av regeringen kan, men måste inte, vara en fråga av särskild vikt. En enskild, vars rätt berörs av inspektionen på sätt som avses i 2 §, har rätt att få en fråga prövad av regeringen. 4 § Bestämmelsen anger vad som får förekomma vid en inspektion. De beslut som skall fattas i samband med en inspektion av regeringen eller av en myndighet som regeringen utsett får givetvis inte gå utanför de ramar som här anges då det avser ingrepp i enskildas rättssfär. Däremot kan det förekomma att regeringen beslutar om myndigheters medverkan, t.ex. beträffande tekniskt bistånd till inspektionsgruppen. 5 § Det kan bli nödvändigt att begära hjälp av polismyndighet för genomförande av en inspektion. Det kan avse såväl möjlighet till tillträde till områden eller anläggningar som t.ex. avspärrningar. Det är regeringen eller den på platsen ansvariga svenska myndigheten som kan göra en framställan om polishandräckning. En sådan framställan skall noga ange vilka åtgärder som behövs. 6 § I enlighet med fördragets artikel IV punkt 57 b och protokollet, del II punkt 89, har den inspekterade parten rätt att vidta åtgärder för att skydda nationella säkerhetsintressen och förhindra avslöjande av information av konfidentiell natur som inte berörs av inspektionens syfte. Paragrafen innebär en erinran för såväl regeringen som den myndighet som närvarar vid en inspektion om att beslut om att genomföra en inspektion och om de åtgärder som får vidtas liksom de verkställighetsbeslut som fattas skall ta hänsyn till de skyddsintressen som anges i paragrafen. 7.2 Förslaget till lag om ändring i 2 kap. 3 § Ändringen innebär att brott kan lagföras i oavsett platsen för brottet eller gärningsmannens nationalitet. Inte heller dubbel straffbarhet krävs för lagföring i , dvs. gärningen behöver inte vara straffbar på orten där den begicks. 22 kap. 6 b § Bestämmelsen är ny och behandlas i avsnitt 6.2.3. Den som i strid mot fördraget deltar i eller på annat sätt medverkar till utförandet av kärnvapenprovsprängning eller någon annan kärnsprängning döms för olovlig kärnsprängning till fängelse i högst . Genom fördraget (artikel I) åtar sig varje fördragspart att inte utföra någon kärnvapenprovsprängning eller annan kärnsprängning samt att förbjuda varje sådan kärnsprängning på varje plats under sin jurisdiktion eller kontroll. Vidare åtar sig varje part att avhålla sig från att orsaka, uppmuntra eller på varje annat sätt delta i utförandet av någon kärnvapenprovsprängning eller varje annan kärnsprängning. Även civila kärnsprängningar omfattas av förbudet då det föreligger en presumtion att sådana sprängningar också kan leda till förbättring och utveckling av kärnvapen. Detta innebär att förbudet mot kärnsprängningar är i princip heltäckande. Som framhållits i den allmänna motiveringen kan emellertid inte helt uteslutas att det kan förekomma någon situation som faller utanför fördragets tillämpningsområde och då en kärnsprängning inte skulle anses strida mot fördraget. I ett sådant fall inträder inte straffansvar enligt bestämmelsen. I en så pass komplicerad process, som leder fram till en kärnsprängning, kan ingå flera deltagare som skulle kunna dömas som gärningsmän. Det kan röra sig om vetenskapsmän och tekniker, militärer och administratörer men också finansiärer. Brottet är subsidiärt till folkrättsbrottet och straffskalan är bestämd parallellt med detta brott och med brottet olovlig befattning med kemiska vapen (22 kap. 6 och 6 a §§). Grovt brott kan således leda till fängelse eller på livstid. Vid bedömning av om brottet är grovt skall beaktas deltagandet varit av stor betydelse för att kärnsprängningen skulle komma till stånd eller om människors liv hotats eller betydande materiella värden skadats eller stått på spel. 22 kap. 7 § Ändringen innebär en möjlighet att döma för försök eller förberedelse till den otillåtna verksamheten. 7.3 Förslaget till lag om ändring i lagen (1984:3) om kärnteknisk verksamhet 3 § För att tydliggöra åtaganden enligt provstoppsfördraget har införts en ändring i bestämmelsen som anger förutsättningarna för bedrivandet av fredlig kärnteknisk verksamhet. 7.4 Förslaget till lag om ändring i lagen (1976:661) om immunitet och privilegier i vissa fall Genom ett tillägg till bilagan till lagen omfattas medlemmarna av en internationell inspektionsgrupp av immunitet och privilegier enligt vad som bestämts i konventionen (jfr 4 §). B I L A G A Fördraget i engelsk och svensk lydelse ARTICLE I BASIC OBLIGATIONS 78 ARTICLE II THE ORGANIZATION 80 THE CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES 82 THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 88 THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT 94 E. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 100 ARTICLE III NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES 104 ARTICLE IV VERIFICATION 106 THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM 112 C. CONSULTATION AND CLARIFICATION 120 D. ON-SITE INSPECTIONS 122 ARTICLE V MEASURES TO REDRESS A SITUATION AND TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE, INCLUDING SANCTIONS 138 ARTICLE VI SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 140 ARTICLE VII AMENDMENTS 142 ARTICLE VIII REVIEW OF THE TREATY 146 ARTICLE IX DURATION AND WITHDRAWAL 148 ARTICLE X STATUS OF THE PROTOCOL AND THE ANNEXES 150 ARTICLE XI SIGNATURE 152 ARTICLE XII RATIFICATION 154 ARTICLE XIII ACCESSION 156 ARTICLE XIV ENTRY INTO FORCE 158 ARTICLE XV RESERVATIONS 160 ARTICLE XVI DEPOSITARY 162 ARTICLE XVII AUTHENTIC TEXTS 164 1 TO THE TREATY LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE II, PARAGRAPH 28 166 2 TO THE TREATY LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XIV 170 PROTOCOL TO THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR 172 PART I: THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM AND INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS 172 B. SEISMOLOGICAL MONITORING 174 C. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING 174 D. HYDROACOUSTIC MONITORING 176 E. INFRASOUND MONITORING 176 F. INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS 178 PART II: ON-SITE INSPECTIONS 184 B. STANDING ARRANGEMENTS 186 C. ON-SITE INSPECTION REQUEST, INSPECTION MANDATE AND NOTIFICATION OF INSPECTION 198 D. PRE-INSPECTION ACTIVITIES 202 CONDUCT OF INSPECTIONS 204 PART III: MEASURES 228 1 TO THE PROTOCOL 230 Table 1-A List of Seismological Stations Comprising the 232 Table 1-B List of Seismological Stations Comprising the 238 Table 2-A List of Radionuclide Stations 250 Table 2-B List of 256 Table 3 List of Hydroacoustic Stations 258 Table 4 List of Infrasound Stations 260 2 TO THE PROTOCOL 264 List of Characterization Parameters for Standard Event Screening 264 The States Parties to this Treaty (hereinafter referred to as "the States Parties"), Welcoming the international agreements and other positive measures of recent years in the field of nuclear disarmament, including reductions in arsenals of nuclear weapons, as well as in the field of the prevention of nuclear proliferation in all its aspects, Underlining the importance of the full and prompt implementation of such agreements and measures, Convinced that the present international situation provides an opportunity to take further effective measures towards nuclear disarmament and against the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects, and declaring their intention to take such measures, Stressing therefore the need for continued systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons globally, with the ultimate goal of eliminating those weapons, and of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, Recognizing that the cessation of all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other nuclear explosions, by constraining the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, constitutes an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects, Further recognizing that an end to all such nuclear explosions will thus constitute a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process to achieve nuclear disarmament, Convinced that the most effective way to achieve an end to nuclear testing is through the conclusion of a and internationally and effectively verifiable comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty, which has long been one of the highest priority objectives of the international community in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation, Noting the aspirations expressed by the Parties to the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water to seek to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time, Noting also the views expressed that this Treaty could contribute to the protection of the environment, Affirming the purpose of attracting the adherence of all States to this Treaty and its objective to contribute effectively to the prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects, to the process of nuclear disarmament and therefore to the enhancement of international peace and security, agreed as follows: Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion. The States Parties hereby establish the (hereinafter referred to as "the Organization") to achieve the object and purpose of this Treaty, to ensure the implementation of its provisions, including those for international verification of compliance with it, and to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among States Parties. All States Parties shall be members of the Organization. A State Party shall not be deprived of its membership in the Organization. The seat of the Organization shall be , Republic of . There are hereby established as organs of the Organization: the Conference of the States Parties, the and the Technical Secretariat, which shall include the . Each State Party shall cooperate with the Organization in the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Treaty. States Parties shall consult, directly among themselves, or through the Organization or other appropriate international procedures, including procedures within the framework of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter, on any matter which may be raised relating to the object and purpose, or the implementation of the provisions, of this Treaty. shall conduct its verification activities provided for under this Treaty in the least intrusive possible consistent with the timely and efficient accomplishment of their objectives. It shall request only the information and data necessary to fulfil its responsibilities under this Treaty. It shall take every precaution to protect the confidentiality of information on civil and military activities and facilities coming to its knowledge in the implementation of this Treaty and, in particular, shall abide by the confidentiality provisions set forth in this Treaty. Each State Party shall treat as confidential and afford special handling to information and data that it receives in confidence from the Organization in connection with the implementation of this Treaty. It shall treat such information and data exclusively in connection with its rights and obligations under this Treaty. , as an independent body, shall seek to utilize existing expertise and facilities, as appropriate, and to maximize cost efficiencies, through cooperative arrangements with other international organizations such as the . Such arrangements, excluding those of a minor and normal commercial and contractual nature, shall be set out in agreements to be submitted to the Conference of the States Parties for approval. The costs of the activities of the Organization shall be met annually by the States Parties in accordance with the United Nations scale of assessments adjusted to take into account differences in membership between the United Nations and the Organization. Financial contributions of States Parties to the Preparatory Commission shall be deducted in an appropriate way from their contributions to the regular budget. A member of the Organization which is in arrears in the payment of its assessed contribution to the Organization shall have no vote in the Organization if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contribution due from it for the preceding two full years. The Conference of the States Parties may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the member. THE CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES Composition, Procedures and Decision-making The Conference of the States Parties (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") shall be composed of all States Parties. Each State Party shall have one representative in the Conference, who may be accompanied by alternates and advisers. The initial session of the Conference shall be convened by the Depositary no later than 30 days after the entry into force of this Treaty. The Conference shall meet in regular sessions, which shall be held annually, unless it decides otherwise. A special session of the Conference shall be convened: (a) When decided by the Conference; (b) When requested by the ; or (c) When requested by any State Party and supported by a majority of the States Parties. The special session shall be convened no later than 30 days after the decision of the Conference, the request of the , or the attainment of the necessary support, unless specified otherwise in the decision or request. The Conference may also be convened in the form of an Amendment Conference, in accordance with Article VII. The Conference may also be convened in the form of a Review Conference, in accordance with Article VIII. Sessions shall take place at the seat of the Organization unless the Conference decides otherwise. The Conference shall adopt its rules of procedure. At the beginning of each session, it shall elect its President and such other officers as may be required. They shall hold office until a new President and other officers are elected at the next session. A majority of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum. Each State Party shall have one vote. The Conference shall take decisions on matters of procedure by a majority of members present and voting. Decisions on matters of substance shall be taken as far as possible by consensus. If consensus is not attainable when an issue comes up for decision, the President of the Conference shall defer any vote for 24 hours and during this period of deferment shall make every effort to facilitate achievement of consensus, and shall report to the Conference before the end of this period. If consensus is not possible at the end of 24 hours, the Conference shall take a decision by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting unless specified otherwise in this Treaty. When the issue arises as to whether the question is one of substance or not, that question shall be treated as a matter of substance unless otherwise decided by the majority required for decisions on matters of substance. When exercising its function under paragraph 26 (k), the Conference shall take a decision to add any State to the list of States contained in 1 to this Treaty in accordance with the procedure for decisions on matters of substance set out in paragraph 22. Notwithstanding paragraph 22, the Conference shall take decisions on any other change to 1 to this Treaty by consensus. The Conference shall be the principal organ of the Organization. It shall consider any questions, matters or issues within the scope of this Treaty, including those relating to the powers and functions of the and the Technical Secretariat, in accordance with this Treaty. It may make recommendations and take decisions on any questions, matters or issues within the scope of this Treaty raised by a State Party or brought to its attention by the . The Conference shall oversee the implementation of, and review compliance with, this Treaty and act in order to promote its object and purpose. It shall also oversee the activities of the and the Technical Secretariat and may issue guidelines to either of them for the exercise of their functions. The Conference shall: (a) Consider and adopt the report of the Organization on the implementation of this Treaty and the annual programme and budget of the Organization, submitted by the , as well as consider other reports; (b) Decide on the scale of financial contributions to be paid by States Parties in accordance with paragraph 9; (c) Elect the members of the ; (d) Appoint the Director General of the Technical Secretariat (hereinafter referred to as "the Director-General"); (e) Consider and approve the rules of procedure of the submitted by the latter; (f) Consider and review scientific and technological developments that could affect the operation of this Treaty. In this context, the Conference may direct the Director-General to establish a to enable him or her, in the performance of his or her functions, to render specialized advice in areas of science and technology relevant to this Treaty to the Conference, to the , or to States Parties. In that case, shall be composed of independent experts serving in their individual capacity and appointed, in accordance with terms of reference adopted by the Conference, on the basis of their expertise and experience in the particular scientific fields relevant to the implementation of this Treaty; (g) Take the necessary measures to ensure compliance with this Treaty and to redress and remedy any situation that contravenes the provisions of this Treaty, in accordance with Article V; (h) Consider and approve at its initial session any draft agreements, arrangements, provisions, procedures, operational manuals, guidelines and any other documents developed and recommended by the Preparatory Commission; (i) Consider and approve agreements or arrangements negotiated by the Technical Secretariat with States Parties, other States and international organizations to be concluded by of the Organization in accordance with paragraph 38 (h); (j) Establish such subsidiary organs as it finds necessary for the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Treaty; and (k) Update 1 to this Treaty, as appropriate, in accordance with paragraph 23. Composition, Procedures and Decision-making shall consist of 51 members. Each State Party shall have the right, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, to serve on the . Taking into account the need for equitable geographical distribution, the shall comprise: (a) Ten States Parties from ; (b) Seven States Parties from Eastern Europe; (c) from Latin and the Caribbean; (d) Seven States Parties from the Middle East and ; (e) Ten States Parties from North and Western Europe; and (f) Eight States Parties from South-East , the Pacific and the . All States in each of the above geographical regions are listed in 1 to this Treaty. 1 to this Treaty shall be updated, as appropriate, by the Conference in accordance with paragraphs 23 and 26 (k). It shall not be subject to amendments or changes under the procedures contained in Article VII. The members of the shall be elected by the Conference. In this connection, each geographical region shall designate States Parties from that region for election as members of the as follows: (a) At least one-third of the seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled, taking into account political and security interests, by States Parties in that region designated on the basis of the nuclear capabilities relevant to the Treaty as determined by international data as well as all or any of the following indicative criteria in the order of priority determined by each region: (i) Number of monitoring facilities of the ; (ii) Expertise and experience in monitoring technology; and (iii) Contribution to the annual budget of the Organization; (b) One of the seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled on a rotational basis by the State Party that is first in the English alphabetical order among the States Parties in that region that have not served as members of period of time since becoming States Parties or since their last term, whichever is shorter. A State Party designated on this basis may decide to forgo its seat. In that case, such a State Party shall submit a letter of renunciation to the Director-General, and the seat shall be filled by the State Party following next-in-order according to this sub-paragraph; and (c) The remaining seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled by States Parties designated from among all the States Parties in that region by rotation or elections. Each member of the shall have one representative on the , who may be accompanied by alternates and advisers. Each member of the shall hold office from the end of the session of the Conference at which that member is elected until the end of the second regular annual session of the Conference thereafter, except that for the first election of the , 26 members shall be elected to hold office until the end of the third regular annual session of the Conference, due regard being paid to the established numerical proportions as described in paragraph 28. shall elaborate its rules of procedure and submit them to the Conference for approval. shall elect its Chairman from among its members. shall meet for regular sessions. Between regular sessions it shall meet as may be required for the fulfilment of its powers and functions. Each member of the shall have one vote. shall take decisions on matters of procedure by a majority of all its members. shall take decisions on matters of substance by a two-thirds majority of all its members unless specified otherwise in this Treaty.