prop · GG03222 · 1993-03-25 00:00:00 — Detta gäller dock inte 1. försäkringar som grundas på kollektivavtal eller som grundas på gruppavtal och handhas av företrädare för gruppen, eller 2. försäkringar med en avtalad giltighetstid eller mindre. Om försäkringstagaren säger upp avtalet enligt första stycket, befrias han från alla framtida förpliktelser som annars följer av avtalet. Förbehåll, som i jämförelse med första och andra styckena är till nackdel för försäkringstagaren, får inte åberopas av försäkringsgivaren. Paragrafen är ny. Enligt första stycket har försäkringstagaren en i princip oinskränkt rätt att säga upp ett avtal om livförsäkring efter att han fått kännedom om att försäkringsavtalet har kommit till stånd. Bestämmelsen är föranledd av artikel 15 i EG:s andra livförsäkringsdirektiv men den har ett vidare tillämpningsområde än EG-regeln. I direktivet görs skillnad mellan verksamhet genom etablering och verksamhet som utövas inom ramen för friheten att tillhandahålla tjänster. Enligt artikel 15 skall försäkringstagaren ges möjlighet att säga upp livförsäkringsavtal som ingåtts inom ramen för ett fritt tillhandahållande av tjänster inom av 14 . Denna regel ingår i de särskilda föreskrifter som gäller i sådana fall där ett försäkringsbolag genom ett driftställe beläget i en viss medlemsstat har försäkrat en risk i en annan medlemsstat (direktivets avsnitt III). Den svenska motsvarigheten är emellertid inte begränsad till dessa fall utan har generell giltighet. Den gäller alltså även vid försäkring som tillhandahålls i genom ett försäkringsbolags driftställe här i landet. Med hänsyn till bestämmelserna i lagen (1930:173) om beräkning av lagstadgad tid har tidsfristen angetts till "" i stället för "" som föreslogs i promemorian. Den särskilda uppsägningsrätten gäller endast vid avtal om individuell livförsäkring. Enligt första stycket 1 undantas försäkringar som grundas på kollektivavtal eller som grundas på gruppavtal och handhas av företrädare för gruppen (jfr 1 § tredje stycket KFL). Med stöd av direktivets artikel 15 undantas i den svenska lagen också försäkringar med en avtalad giltighetstid eller mindre, se första stycket 2 i förevarande paragraf. Undantaget har behandlats i den allmänna motiveringen (avsnitt 2.3.2). Paragrafen har i förhållande till promemorieförslaget formulerats på ett sätt som stämmer bättre överens med direktivtexten. Genom den ändrade lydelsen klarläggs att uppsägningsregeln omfattar alla individuella livförsäkringsavtal utom dem som har en avtalad giltighetstid av högst . Därav framgår att uppsägningsrätten gäller också försäkringar som gäller tills vidare. Tidsfristen skall räknas från den dag då försäkringstagaren fick kännedom om att försäkringsavtalet har kommit till stånd. Den tidpunkt då försäkringen skall börja gälla saknar däremot betydelse i sammanhanget. Det finns ingen reglering i lagtexten om eller på vilket sätt försäkringstagaren skall få information om att avtal kommit till stånd. För ingående av försäkringsavtal gäller allmänna avtalsrättsliga principer. Bindande avtal föreligger, när antagande svar avgetts på motpartens anbud och denne tagit del av accepten. Ofta består accepten i att bolaget sänder försäkringsbrev till försäkringstagaren med anledning av hans begäran om försäkring. får försäkringstagaren bara ett skriftligt besked om att försäkring gäller för honom enligt bolagets allmänna villkor. Vid muntligt avtal torde försäkringstagaren vid samtalet mellan honom och företrädare för försäkringsgivaren få klart för sig att avtal kommit till stånd. Tidsfristen för uppsägning börjar då löpa . Eftersom det ligger i försäkringsbolagets intresse att tidsfristen för uppsägning börjar löpa, får bolaget anses ha bevisbördan för att försäkringstagaren har fått kännedom om att försäkringsavtalet kommit till stånd som bolaget gör gällande. Görs uppsägningen muntligen, bör försäkringen anses upphöra , om inte annat framgår av omständigheterna. Vid skriftlig uppsägning torde allmänna avtalsrättsliga principer innebära att försäkringen normalt fortsätter att gälla tills uppsägningshandlingen kom in till försäkringsbolaget. Om försäkringstagaren råkar ut för ett försäkringsfall efter det att uppsägningen har avsänts men innan den nått fram till försäkringsbolaget, omfattas skadan alltså av försäkringen trots uppsägningen. Enligt EG-regeln skall uppsägningen innebära att försäkringstagaren befrias från alla framtida förpliktelser som härrör från försäkringsavtalet. Motsvarande regel har intagits i andra stycket av förevarande paragraf. I övrigt innehåller paragrafen inte någon bestämmelse om avräkningen mellan försäkringsbolaget och försäkringstagaren med anledning av uppsägningen. Beträffande försäkringsbolagets rätt till premie för förfluten tid gäller reglerna i 16 och 17 §§. Enligt 16 § andra stycket får försäkringsgivaren åtnjuta endast så stor del av premien som belöper på tilländalupen del av försäkringstiden, om avtalet upphör av annan anledning än försäkringsgivarens uppsägning. Enligt 17 § andra stycket skall dock vad som sägs i 16 § inte tillämpas i de fall då grunderna för försäkringen skall innehålla bestämmelser om försäkringstagarens rätt när försäkringen upphör . Med grunderna avses de särskilda regler som enligt försäkringsrörelselagen (1982:713) skall upprättas, om ett försäkringsbolags rörelse avser vissa typer av försäkring, t.ex. livförsäkring. Om försäkringstagaren har betalat hela eller någon del av premien, uppkommer också frågor om försäkringstagarens rätt till försäkringens värde. Dessa spörsmål regleras i försäkringsvillkoren och grunderna. I det enklaste fallet, när försäkringen inte har något återköps- eller fribrevsvärde, torde uppsägningen innebära att försäkringen upphör att gälla vid uppsägningen och att en del av premien betalas tillbaka. Något mer komplicerad blir situationen när försäkringen har ett positivt försäkringstekniskt värde, som skall tillgodogöras försäkringstagaren vid uppsägningen. Detta kan ske genom att försäkringsbolaget återköper försäkringen - dvs. betalar ut försäkringens återköpsvärde - eller genom att försäkringen övergår till fribrev. Det finns inte några bestämmelser i om rätten till fribrev eller återköp. Däremot är även dessa frågor reglerade i försäkringsvillko- ren och grunderna. När det finns ett värde att tillgå, torde försäkringstagaren enligt dessa regler vanligtvis ha rätt att välja om han vill ha fribrev eller få försäkringen återköpt. Vissa inskränkningar i valfriheten finns dock. Av tredje stycket framgår att reglerna i första och andra styckena är tvingande till förmån för försäkringstagaren. Uppsägningsrätten kan alltså inte avtalas bort eller inskränkas. Däremot utgör regeln inte något hinder mot att försäkringstagaren genom avtalet tillförsäkras en uppsägningsrätt som går längre än den föreskrivna, t.ex. i form av en längre tidsfrist för uppsägningen. Med hänvisning till vad jag nu har anfört hemställer jag att regeringen föreslår att anta förslagen till 1. lag om tillämplig lag för vissa försäkringsavtal, 2. lag om ändring i lagen (1927:77) om försäkringsavtal. Regeringen ansluter sig till föredragandens överväganden och beslutar att genom proposition föreslå att anta de förslag som föredraganden har lagt fram. **FOOTNOTES** [1]Lydelse enligt lagrådsremiss om ändrad lagstiftning för försäkringsverksamhet med anledning av . 11 SECOND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 22 1988 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct insurance other than life and laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 73/239/EEC (88/357/EEC) The object of this Directive is: (a) to supplement the first Directive 73/239/EEC; (b) to lay down special provisions relating to freedom to provide services for the undertakings and in respect of the of insurance covered by that first Directive. For the purposes of this Directive: (a) ''''first Directive'''' means: Directive 73/239/EEC; (b) ''''undertaking'''': -for the purposes of applying Titles I and II, means: any undertaking which has received official authorization under Article 6 or 23 of the first Directive, -for the purposes of applying Title III and Title V, means: any undertaking which has received official authorization under Article 6 of the first Directive; (c) '''''''': means the head office, agency or branch of an undertaking, account being taken of Article 3; (d) ''''where the risk is situated'''' means: -the in which the property is situated, where theinsurance relates either to or to and theircontents, in so far as the contents are covered by the sameinsurance policy, -the of registration, where the insurance relates tovehicles of any type, -the where the policy-holder took out the policy inthe case of policies of a duration of four months or less coveringtravel or holiday risks, whatever the class concerned, -the where the policy-holder has his habitual or, if the policy-holder is a legal person, the where the latter''''s , to which the contractrelates, is situated, in all cases not explicitly covered by theforegoing indents; (e)of '''' means: -the in which the covering the risk issituated; (f)''''of provision of services'''' means: -the in which the risk is situated when it is coveredby an situated in another . For the purposes of the first Directive and of this Directive, any permanent presence of an undertaking in the territory of a be treated in the same way as an agency or branch, even if that presence does not take the form of a branch or agency, but consists merely of an office managed by the undertaking''''s own staff or by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the undertaking as an agency would. For the purposes of this Directive and the first Directive, general and special policy conditions shall not include specific conditions intended to meet, in an individual case, the particular circumstances of the risk to be covered. Provisions supplementary to the first Directive The following is added to Article 5 of the first Directive: ''''(d) "large risks" means: (i) risks classified under 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 of point A ofthe ; (ii) risks classified under 14 and 15 of point A of theAnnex, where the policy-holder is engaged professionally in anindustrial or commercial activity or in one of the liberal professions, and the risks relate to such activity; (iii) risks classified under 8, 9, 13 and 16 of point A of theAnnex in so far as the policy-holder exceeds the limits of at leasttwo of the following three criteria: first stage: until : -balance-sheet total: 12,4 million ECU, -net turnover: 24 million ECU, -average number of employees during the financial year: 500. second stage: from 1 January 1993: -balance-sheet total: 6,2 million ECU, -net turnover: 12,8 million ECU, -average number of employees during the financial year: 250. If the policy-holder belongs to a group of undertakings for which consolidated accounts within the meaning of Directive 83/349/EEC [2] are drawn up, the criteria mentioned above shall be applied on the basis of the consolidated accounts. Each may add to the category mentioned under (iii) risks insured by professional associations, joint or temporary groupings.'''' **FOOTNOTES** [2] OJ No L 193, , p.1. For the purposes of applying the first subparagraph of Article 15 (2) and Article 24 of the first Directive, the Member States shall comply with 1 to this Directive as regards the matching rules. The law applicable to contracts of insurance referred to by this Directive and covering risks situated within the Member States is determined in accordance with the following provisions: (a) Where a policy-holder has his habitual or centraladministration within the territory of the in whichthe risk is situated, the law applicable to the insurance contractshall be the law of that . However, where the lawof that so allows, the parties may choose the law ofanother country. (b) Where a policy-holder does not have his habitual orcentral administration in the in which the risk issituated, the parties to the contract of insurance may choose toapply either the law of the in which the risk issituated or the law of the country in which the policy-holder hashis habitual or central administration. (c) Where a policy-holder pursues a commercial or industrial activityor a liberal profession and where the contract covers two or morerisks relating to these activities and situated in different Member States, the freedom of choice of the law applicable to the contractshall extend to the laws of those Member States and of the countryin which the policy-holder has his habitual or central ad- ministration. (d) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (b) and (c), where the Member States referred to in those subparagraphs grant greater freedom ofchoice of the law applicable to the contract, the parties may takeadvantage of this freedom. (e) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c), when the risks covered by the contract are limited to events occurring in one other than the where the risk is situated, as defined in Article 2 (d), the parties may always choose the law of the former State. (f)For the risks referred to in Article 5 (d) (i) of the first Directive, the parties to the contract may choose any law. (g) The fact that, in the cases referred to in subparagraph (a) or (f), the parties have chosen a law shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation at the time of the choice are connected with one only, prejudice the application of the mandatory rules of the law of that , which means the rules from which the law of that allows no derogation by means of a contract. (h) The choice referred to in the preceding subparagraphs must be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the terms of the contract or the circumstances of the case. If this is not so, or if no choice has been made, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country, from amongst those considered in the relevant subparagraphs above, with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country, from amongst those considered in the relevant subparagraphs, may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country. The contract shall be rebuttably presumed to be most closely connected with the in which the risk is situated. (i)Where a State includes several territorial units, each of which has its own rules of law concerning contractual obligations, each unit shall be considered as a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable under this Directive. A in which various territorial units have their own rules of law concerning contractual obligations shall not be bound to apply the provisions of this Directive to conflicts which arise between the laws of those units. Nothing in this Article shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory, irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract. If the law of a so stipulates, the mandatory rules of the law of the in which the risk is situated or of the imposing the obligation to take out insurance may be applied if and in so far as, under the law of those States, those rules must be applied whatever the law applicable to the contract. Where the contract covers risks situated in more than one , the contract is considered for the purposes of applying this paragraph as constituting several contracts each relating to only one . Subject to the preceding paragraphs, the Member States shall apply to the insurance contracts referred to by this Directive their general rules of private international law concerning contractual obligations. Under the conditions set out in this Article, insurance undertakings may offer and conclude compulsory insurance contracts in accordance with the rules of this Directive and of the first Directive. When a imposes an obligation to take out insurance, the contract shall not satisfy that obligation unless it is in accordance with the specific provisions relating to that insurance laid down by that . When, in the case of compulsory insurance, the law of the in which the risk is situated and the law of the imposing the obligation to take out insurance contradict each other, the latter shall prevail. (a) Subject to subparagraphs (b) and (c) of this paragraph, the third subparagraph of Article 7 (2) shall apply where the insurance contract provides cover in several Member States of which at least one imposes an obligation to take out insurance. (b) A which, on the date of notification of this Directive, requires that any undertaking established within its territory must obtain approval for the general and special conditions of its compulsory insurance, may also, by way of derogation from Articles 9 and 18, require such conditions to be approved in the case of any insurance undertaking offering such cover, within its territory, under the conditions provided for in Article 12 (1). (c) A may, by way of derogation from Article 7, lay down that the law applicable to a compulsory insurance contract is the law of the State which imposes the obligation to take out insurance. (d) Where a imposes compulsory insurance and the insurer must notify the competent authorities of any cessation of cover, such cessation may be invoked against injured third parties only in the circumstances laid down in the legislation of that State. (a) Each communicate to the Commission the risks against which insurance is compulsory under its legislation, stating: - the specific legal provisions relating to that insurance, - the particulars which must be given in the certificate which an insurer must issue to an insured person where that State requires proof that the obligation to take out insurance has been complied with. A may require that those particulars include a declaration by the insurer to the effect that the contract complies with the specific provisions relating to that insurance. (b) The Commission shall publish the particulars referred to in subparagraph (a) in the . (c) A accept, as proof that the insurance obligation has been fulfilled, a certificate, the content of which is in conformity with the second indent of subparagraph (a). Member States shall amend their national provisions to comply with this Directive within 18 months of the date of its notification [1] and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. The provisions amended in accordance with this Article shall be applied within 24 months of the date of the notification of the Directive. **FOOTNOTES** [1] This Directive was notified to Member States on 30 1988. 56 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to direct life , laying down provisions to facilitate the effective exercise of freedom to provide services and amending Directive 79/267/EEC (90/619/EEC) The object of this Directive is to: (a) supplement Directive 79/267/EEC; (b) lay down specific provisions relating to freedom to provide services in respect of the activities referred to in the said Directive, such provisions being set forth in Title III of this Directive. For the purposes of this Directive: (a) ''''First Directive'''': means Directive 79/267/EEC; (b) ''''undertaking'''': - for the purposes of Titles I and II, means any undertaking which has received official authorization under Article 6 orArticle 27 of the First Directive, - for the purposes of Titles III and IV, means any undertaking which has received official authorization under Article 6 of theFirst Directive; (c) '''''''': means the head office, an agency or a branch of an undertaking, having regard to Article 3; (d) ''''commitment'''': means a commitment represented by one of the kinds of insurance or operation referred to in Article 1 of the First Directive; (e) ''''of the commitment'''': means the where the policy-holder has his habitual or, if the policy-holder is a legal person, the where the latter''''s , to which the contract relates is situated; (f)''''of ''''; means the in which the covering the commitment is situated; (g)''''of provision of services''''; means the of the commitment where the commit- ment is covered by an situated in another Member State; (h)''''parent undertaking'''': means a parent undertaking within the meaning of Articles 1 and 2 of Directive 83/349/EEC (''''); (i)''''subsidiary''''; means a subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Articles 1 and 2 of Directive 83/349/EEC; any subsidiary undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking shall also be regarded as a subsidiary of the parent undertaking which is at the head of those undertakings. For the purposes of the First Directive and of this Directive, any permanent presence of an undertaking in the territory of a be treated in the same way as an agency or branch, even if that presence does not take the form of a branch or agency, but consists merely of an office managed by the undertaking''''s own staff or by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the undertaking as an agency would. Provisions supplementary to the First Directive The law applicable to contracts relating to the activities referred to in the First Directive shall be the law of the of the commitment. However, where the law of that State so allows, the parties may choose the law of another country. Where the policy-holder is a natural person and has his habitual in a other than that of which he is a national, the parties may choose the law of the of which he is a national. Where a State includes several territorial units, each of which has its own rules of law concerning contractual obligations, each unit shall be considered a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable under this Directive. A in which various territorial units have their own rules of law concerning contractual obligations shall not be bound to apply the provisions of this Directive to conflicts which arise between the laws of those units. Nothing in this Article shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory, irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract. If the law of a so stipulates, the mandatory rules of the law of the of the commitment may be applied if and in so far as, under the law of that , those rules must be applied whatever the law applicable to the contract. Subject to the preceding paragraphs, the Member States shall apply to the contracts referred to in this Directive their general rules of private international law concerning contractual obligations. Provisions relating specifically to the freedom to provide services Each prescribe that a policy-holder who concludes an individual life-assurance contract in one of the cases referred to in Title III shall have a period of between 14 and 30 days from the time when he was informed that the contract had been concluded within which to cancel the contract. The giving of notice of cancellation by the policy-holder shall have the effect of releasing him from any future obligation arising from the contract. The other legal effects and the conditions of cancellation shall be determined by the law applicable to the contract as defined in Article 4, notably as regards the arrangements for informing the policy-holder that the contract has been concluded. The Member States need not apply paragraph 1 to contracts of six month''''s duration or less. Member States shall amend their national provisions to comply with this Directive within 24 months of the date of its notification [1] and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. The provisions amended in accordance with the first paragraph shall be applied within 30 months of the date of notification of this Directive. **FOOTNOTES**