prop · GG038 · 1992-12-31 00:00:00 — De försäkringsanstalter som avses i första stycket svarar ävensolidariskt för den trafikskadeersättning som skulle ha utgått fråntrafikförsäkringen för motordrivet fordon vars identitet ej kan fastställas.Från ersättning för sakskada skall därvid avräknas ett belopp som svarar mot entiondedel av det basbelopp enligt lagen (1962:381) om allmän försäkring somgäller då skadehändelsen inträffar. Paragrafeninnehåller bestämmelser om trafikskadeersättning beträffande skador som orsakasav oförsäkrade eller oidentifierade fordon. Detinträffar inte sällan att ett motordrivet fordon orsakar en person-eller ensakskada men efter olyckan förs från platsen och inte kan identifieras. Denskadelidande vet då inte från vilken försäkringsanstalt som han skall begäraersättning. För denna typ av fall gäller att samtligatrafikförsäkringsanstalter svarar solidariskt för ersättningen. Enligt den nutillagda andra meningen gäller dock en viss begränsning i ersättningsrätten.Begränsningen, som bara gäller sakskador, innebär att ett självriskavdrag meden tiondedel av basbeloppet skall göras på trafikskadeersättningen. Det betyderatt det inte lämnas någon ersättning alls, om skadan understigersjälvriskbeloppet. Om skadan överstiger självriskbeloppet, görs ett avdrag påersättningen som svarar mot självriskbeloppet. Utanhinder av att trafikskadeersättning kan utgå får den som drabbas av skada iföljd av trafik med motordrivet fordon i stället kräva skadestånd enligt vadsom gäller därom. Har den skadelidandes rätt till trafikskadeersättning helteller delvis fallit bort på gmnd av omständighet som har inträffat efterskadehändelsen, är han endast om särskilda skäl föreligger berättigad tillskadestånd i den delen. Skadeståndmed anledning av skada på motordrivet fordon i trafik ellerpå därmed befordrad egendom Jämkas efter vad som är skäligt Prop. 1992/93:8med hänsyn till förekomsten av ansvarsförsäkring hos den skade-ståndsskyidigeoch omständighetema i övrigt. Paragrafen som reglerar förhållandet mellan skadestånd ochtrafikskadeersättning gör för vissa fall inskränkningar i rätten till skadeståndför trafikskada. Bestämmelsen innehåller en regel om Jämkning av skadeståndmed anledning av skada på motordrivet fordon eller på därmed befordrad egendom.De nu tillagda orden ger utrymme för att tillerkänna en motorfordonsägare, varsfordon skadats av någon utomstående som är ensamt vållande till skadan, fiillersättning om den skadeståndsskyldige har en ansvarsförsäkring. Däremot bör deinte påverka bedömningen i de fall där vållande vid förandet av fordonet ellerbristfållighet på detta har medverkat till skadan. Detsamma gäller i fall dåden skadeståndsskyldige saknar en ansvarsförsäkring eller då en föreliggandeförsäkring av någon anledning inte täcker den aktuella situationen. Då börfrågan om Jämkning liksom bli beroende enbart av omständigheteraa iövrigt. Skulle en föreliggande ansvarsförsäkring i ett visst fallinte räcka till torde det Ugga mest i linje med bestämmelsens ändamål attbehandla det överskjutande skadeståndet som om ansvarsförsäkring inte finns. Har skadan vållats av staten eller något annat organ sombör betraktas som självförsäkrat, torde det framstå som mest följdriktigt attbehandla dessa som om de hade en ansvarsförsäkring. Har skada för vilken trafikskadeersättning utgått vållatsuppsåtligen eller genom grov vårdslöshet, inträder försäkringsanstalten intilldet utgivna beloppet i den skadelidandes rätt till skadestånd av skadevållaren.Detsamma gäller, om skadan har vållats genom vårdslöshet av förare som hargjort sig skyldig till brott som avses i 4 § eller 4 a § lagen (1951:649) omstraff för vissa trafikbrott. Om trafikskadeersättning har betalats för en skada somomfattas av produktansvarslagen (1992:18), inträderförsäkringsanstaltenintilldet utgivna beloppet i den skadeUdandes rätt till skadestånd enligt denlagen. eller spårväg enligt järavägstrafiklagen(1985:192) eller annan författning ansvarig för skada till följd av spårdriftenoch har trafikskadeersättning utgått för skadan, får forsäkringsanstalten krävaersättningen åter från den ansvarige i den omfattning som är skälig med hänsyntill den medverkan som har förekommit på ömse sidor och omständighetema iövrigt. Paragrafen innehåller bestämmelser om rätt till återkravmot den som enligt skadeståndsrättsliga regler ansvarar för en trafikskada förvilken trafikskadeersättning har betalats. 3 1992/93. Andra stycket Prop. Bestämmelseni andra stycket, som är ny, handlar om rätt till återkrav mot den som ärskadeståndsskyldig enligt produktansvarslagen. På motsvarande sätt som iförsta stycket har återkravsrätten i andra stycket utformats som ensubrogationsrätt. Försäkringsanstalten inträder således i den skadelidandesrätt och kan inte kräva mer än vad den skadelidande själv hade kunnat göra, omhan hade vänt sig direkt mot den skadeståndsskyldige. Det innebär bl.a. att denregressansvarige kan göra samma invändningar mot återkravet som han skulle hakunnat göra mot den skadelidandes krav på skadestånd (se Nordenson,Trafikskadeersättning, s.306 ff). Återkravsrättenenligt andra stycket är begränsad till det strikta ansvaret enligtproduktansvarslagen. De skadetyper som kan omfattas av regressansvaret är delspersonskador, dels skador på egendom som till sin typ vanligen är avsedd förenskilt ändamål, om den skadelidande vid tiden för skadan använde egendomenhuvudsakligen för sådant ändamål. I fråga om sakskador gäller dessutom att ettbelopp om skall avräknas från ersättningen. Andra slag av produktskador,som alltså inte omfattas av ansvaret enligt produktansvarslagen, medför interätt till återkrav enligt andra stycket. Endastden som är skadeståndsskyldig enligt produktansvarslagen kan bliregressansvarig. Att en regressansvarig i sin tur kan rikta ett återkrav motnågon annan som också ansvarar för skadan enligt produktansvarslagen framgår av25 § förevarande lag. Medhänvisning till vad jag nu har anfört hemställer jag att regeringen föreslårriksdagen att anta förslaget till lag om ändring i trafikskadelagen(1975:1410). Regeringenansluter sig till föredragandens överväganden och beslutar att genomproposition föreslå att anta det förslag som föredraganden har lagt fram. on the approximation ofthe laws of the Member States relating to insuranceagainst civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, andto the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability (72/166/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Havingregard to the Treaty establishing Economic Community, and inparticular Article 100 thereof; Havingregard to the proposal from the Commission; Havingregard to the Opinion of Parliament; Havingregard to the Opinion of the Economic and ; Whereas the objective ofthe Treaty is to create a common märket which is basically similar to adomestic märket, and whereas one of the essential conditions for achieving thisis to bring about the free movement of goods and persons: Whereasthe only purpose of frontier controls of compulsory insurance cover againstcivil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles is to safeguard theinterests of persons who may be the victims of accidents caused by suchvehicles; whereas the existence of such frontier controls results fromdisparities between national requirements in this field; Whereasthese disparities are such as may impede the free movement of motor vehiclesand persons within the Community; whereas, eonsequently, they have a directeffect on the and functioning of the common märket: Whereasthe Commission Recommendation of 21 1968 on controi by customs oftravellers crossing intra-Community frontiers calls upon Member States to carryout controls on travellers and their motor vehicles only under exceptionalcircumstances and to remove the physical barriers at customs posts; Whereasit is desirable that the inhabitants of the Member States should become morefully aware of the reality of the common märket and that to this end measuresshould be taken further to liberalize the mles regarding the movement ofpersons and motor vehicles travelling between Member States; whereas the need forsuch measures has been repeatedly emphasized by members of the EuropeanParliament; Whereas such relaxation ofthe mles relating to the movement of travellers constitutes another steptowards the mutual opening of their märkets by Member States and the créationof conditions similar to those of a domestic märket; 1992/93:8 Bilaga 1 Whereasthe abolition of checks on green cards for vehicles normally Prop. 1992/93:8based in a entering the territory of another Member Bilaga 1 Statecan be effected by means of an agreement between the six national insurers'bureaux, whereby each national would guarantee compensation inaccordance with the provisions of national law in respect of any loss or injurygiving entitiement to compensation caused in its territory by one of thosevehicles, whether or not insured. Whereassuch a guarantee presupposes that all Community motor vehicles travelling inCommunity territory are covered by insurance; whereas the national law of eachMember State should, therefore, provide for the compulsory insurance ofvehicles against civil liability, the insurance to be valid throughoutCommunity territory; whereas such national law may nevertheless provide forexemptions for certain persons and for certain types of vehicles; Whereasthe system provided for in this Directive could be extended to vehiclesnormally based in the territory of any third country in respect of which thenational bureaux of the six Member States have concluded a similar agreement; HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Forthe purposes of this Directive: 'vehicle' means any motor vehicle intended fortravel on land and propelled by mechanical power, but not mnning on rails, andany trailer, whether or not coupled; 'injured party' means any person entitled tocompensation in respect of any loss or injury caused by vehicles; 'national insurers' ' means a professionalorganization which is constituted in accordance with Recommendation No 5adopted on 25 January 1949 by the Road Transport Sub-committee of the InlandTransport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europé andwhich groups together insurance undertakings which, in a State, are authorizedto conduct the business of motor vehicle insurance against civil liability; 'territoryin which the vehicle is normally based' means - the territory of the State in which the vehicle isregistered; or - in cases where no registration is required for atype of vehicle but the vehicle bears an insurance plate, or a distinguishingsign analogous to the registration plate, the territory of the State in whichthe insurance plate or the sign is issued; or - in cases where neither registration plate norinsurance plate nor distinguishing sign is required for certain types of vehicle,the Prop. 1992/93:8 territory of the State in which the person who hascustody of the Bilaga 1 vehicle is permanently resident; 'green card' means an intemational certificate ofinsurance issued on behalf of a national in accordance withRecommendation No 5 adopted on 25 January 1949 by the Road TransportSub-committee of the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations EconomicCommission for Europé. Member States shall refrain from making checks oninsurance against civil liability in respect of vehicles normally based in theterritory of another . Likewise, Member States shall refrain from making suchinsurance checks on vehicles normally based in the territory of a third countryentering their territory from the territory of another . MemberStates may, however carry out random checks. As regards vehicles normally based in the territory ofa , the provisions of this Directive, with the exception ofArticles 3 and 4, shall take effect: - after an agreement has beenconcluded between the six national insurers' bureaux under the terms of whicheach national guarantees the settlement, in accordance with theprovisions of its own national law on compulsory insurance, of claims inrespect of accidents occurring in its territory caused by vehicles normallybased in the territory of another , whether or not such vehiclesare insured; - from the date fixed by theCommission, upon its having ascer-tained in close cooperation with the MemberStates that such an agreement has been concluded; - for the duration of thatagreement. Each , subject to Article 4, take allappropriate measures to ensure that civil liability in respect of the use ofvehicles normally based in its territory is covered by insurance. The extent ofthe liability covered and the terms and conditions of the cover shall bedetermined on the basis of these measures. Each take all appropriate measuresto ensure that the contract of insurance also covers: - according to the law in force inother Member States, any loss or injury which is caused in the territory ofthose States; - any loss or injury suffered bynational of Member States during a directJoumey between two territories in which the Treaty establish- Prop.1992/93:8 ing Economic Community is in force, if there is no Bilaga 1 national insurers' responsible for the territory which is beingcrossed; in that case, the loss or injury shall be covered in accordance withthe intemal laws on compulsory insurance in force in the in whoseterritory the vehicle is normally based. A may act in derogation of Article 3 inrespect of: (a) certain natural or legal persons, public orprivate; the list of such persons shall be drawn up by the State concemed and communicated to the other Member States and to the Commission. A so derogating shall take the appropriatemeasures to ensure that compensation is paid in respect of any loss or injurycaused in the territory of other Member States by vehicles belonging to suchpersons. It shall in particular designate an authority or body in the countrywhere the loss or injury occurs responsible for compensating injured parties inaccordance with the laws of that State in cases where the procedure providedfor in the first indent of Article 2 (2) is not applicable. It shall notify theother Member States and the Commission of the measures taken; (b) certain types of vehicle or certain vehicleshaving a special plate; the list of such types or of such vehicles shall be drawn up by the State concemed and communicated to the other Member States and to the Commission. In that case, the other Member States shall retain theright to require, on entry into their territory of such a vehicle, that theperson having custody thereof be in possession of a valid green card or that heconclude a frontier insurance contract complying with the requirements of theMember State concemed. Each ensure that, where an accident iscaused in its territory by a vehicle normally based in the territory of anotherMember State, the national insurers' shall, without prejudice to theobligation referred to in the first indent of Article 2 (2), obtaininformation: - as to the territory in which the vehicle is normallybased, and as to its registration mark, if any; -in so far as is possible, as to the details of the insurance of Prop.1992/93:8 the vehicle, as they normally appear on the green card, which Bilaga 1 are in the possession of the person having custody of the vehicle, tothe extent that these details are required by the in whoseterritory the vehicle is normally based. Each also ensurethat the communicates thisinformation to the national insurers' of the State in whose territorythe vehicle is normally based. take all appropriate measures to ensure that vehiclesnormally based in the territory of a third country or in the non-Europeanterritory of a entering the territory in which the Treatyestablishing Economic Community is in force shall not be used inits territory unless any loss or injury caused by those vehicles is covered, inaccordance with the requirements of the laws of the various Member States oncompulsory insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of vehicles,throughout the territory in which the Treaty establishing EconomicCommunity is in force. 1.Every vehicle normally based in the territory of a third country or in thenon-European territory of a must, before entering the territory inwhich the Treaty establishing Economic Community is in force, beprovided either with a valid green card or with a certificate of frontierinsurance establishing that the vehicle is insured in accordance with Article6. However,vehicles normally based in a third country shall be treated as vehicles normally based in the Community if the national bureaux of all the Member States severally guarantee, each in ' accordance with the provisions of its own national law on compulsory insurance, settlement of claims in respect of accidents occurring in their territory caused by such vehicles. Uponhaving ascertained, in close cooperation with the Member States, that the obligations referred to in the preceding paragraph have been assumed, the Commission shall fix the date from which and the types of vehicles for which Member States shall no longer require production of the documents referred to in paragraph 1. Article 8 Prop. Bilaga 1 Member States shall, not låter than 31 December1973, bring into force the measures necessary to comply with this Directive andshall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done atBmssels, . For the Council The President . COUNCIL DIRECTIVE Prop. amending Council Directive 72/166/EEC of onthe approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to insuranceagainst civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles and to the enforcementof the obligation to insure against such liability (72/430/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty Conceraing the Accession ofnew Member States to Economic Community and to AtomicCommunity,' signed at Bmssels, on 22 January 1972, and in particular Article153 of the Act annexed thereto; Having regard to the proposal from the Commission; Whereas following the enlargement of the Community thenumber of national bureaux taken into account in Council Directive 72/166 of24 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating toinsurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, andto the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability isincreased from six to nine, necessitating an adjustment to that Directive; HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Council Directive 72/166 shall be amended as follows: Thefollowing shall be substituted for the wording of Article 2,' first indent: 'after an agreement has been concluded between the ninenational insurers' bureaux under the terms of which each national bureauguarantees the settlement, in accordance with the provisions of national law oncompulsory insurance, of claims in respect of accidents occurring in itsterritory, caused by vehicles normally based in the territory of a anotherMember State, whether or not such vehicles are insured; OJ No L 73, 27.3.1972, p. 'OJNoL 103, , p. 'OJNoL103, , p. Bilaga1 This Directive shall enter into force on the Accession of the new MemberStates to Communities. This Directive is addressed to the MemberStates. Done at Bmssels, . 1992/93: onthe approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to insuranceagainst civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles (84/5/EEC) THECOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Havingregard to the Treaty establishing Economic Community, and inparticular Article 100 thereof. Havingregard to the proposal from the Commission ■*, Havingregard to the opinion of Parliament Havingregard to the opinion of the Economic and * Whereas,by Council Directive 72/166/EEC', as amended by Directive 72/430/EEC', theCouncil approximated the laws of the Member States relating to insuranceagainst civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles and to theenforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability; WhereasArticle 3 of Directive 72/166/EEC requires each to take allappropriate measures to ensure that civil liability in respect of the use ofvehicles normally based in its territory is covered by insurance; whereas theextent of the liability covered and the terms and conditions of the insurancecover are to be determined on the basis of those measures; Whereas,however, major disparities continue to exist between the laws of the differentMember States conceraing the extent of this obligation of insurance cover;whereas these disparities have a direct effect upon the and theoperation of the common märket; Whereas, inparticular, the extension of the obligation of insurance cover to includeliability incurred in respect of damage to property is Justified; "* OJ No C 214,21.8.1980, p. 9 and OJ No C 78, 30.3.1982, p. 'OJ No C 287, 9.11.1981, p. * OJNo C 138, , p. OJ No L 103, , p. * OJ No L 291,28.12.1972, p. Whereasthe amounts in respect of which insurance is compulsory Prop. 1992/93:8 mustin any event guarantee victims adequate compensation irrespec- Bilaga I tiveof the in which the accident oceurred; Whereas it is necessary to make provision for a body toguarantee that the victim will not remain without compensation where thevehicle which caused the accident is uninsured or unidentified; whereas it isimportant, without amending the provisions applied by the Member States withregard to the subsidiary or non-subsidiary nature of the compensation paid bythat body and to the mles applicable with regard to subrogation, to providethat the victim of such an accident should be able to apply directly to thatbody as a first point of contact; whereas, however, Member States should begiven the possibility of applying certain limited exclusions as regards thepayment of compensation by that body and of providing that compensation fordamage to property caused by an unidentified vehicle may be limited or excludedin view of the danger of fraud; Whereas it is in the interest of victims that the effects ofcertain exclusion be limited to the relationship between the insurerand the person responsible for the accident; whereas, however, in the case orvehicles stolen or obtained by violence. Member States may speciiy thatcompensation will be payable by the abovementioned body; Whereas in order to alleviate the financial burden on thatbody, Member States may make provision for the application of certain excesseswhere the body provides compensation for damage to property caused by uninsuredvehicles or, where appropriate, vehicles stolen or obtained by violence; Whereas the members of the family of the insured person,driver or any other person liable should be afforded protection comparable tothat of other third parties, in any event in respect of their personalinjuries; Whereas the abolition of checks on insurance isconditional on the granting by the national insurers of the höst countryof a guarantee of compensation for damage caused by vehicles normally based inanother Member State; whereas the most convenient criterion for determiningwhether a vehicle is normally based in a given is the bearing of aregistration plate of the State; whereas the first indent of Article 1 (4) ofDirective 72/166/EEC should therefore be amended to that effect; Whereas, in view of the situation in certain Member Statesat the outset as regards on the one hand the minimum amounts, and on the otherhand the cover and the excesses applicable by the abovementioned body inrespect of damage to property, provision should be made for transitionalmeasures concerning the gradual implementation in those Member States of theprovisions of the Directive conceraing minimum amounts andcompensation for damage to property by that Prop. 1992/93: body. HASADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: 1.The insurance referred to in Article 3 (1) of Directive 72/166/EEC shall covercompulsorily both damage to property and personal injuries.