transformRuleStmt(RuleStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
				  List **actions, Node **whereClause)
{
	Relation	rel;
	ParseState *pstate;
	RangeTblEntry *oldrte;
	RangeTblEntry *newrte;

	/*
	 * To avoid deadlock, make sure the first thing we do is grab
	 * AccessExclusiveLock on the target relation.	This will be needed by
	 * DefineQueryRewrite(), and we don't want to grab a lesser lock
	 * beforehand.
	 */
	rel = heap_openrv(stmt->relation, AccessExclusiveLock);

	if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				 errmsg("rules on materialized views are not supported")));

	/* Set up pstate */
	pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);
	pstate->p_sourcetext = queryString;

	/*
	 * NOTE: 'OLD' must always have a varno equal to 1 and 'NEW' equal to 2.
	 * Set up their RTEs in the main pstate for use in parsing the rule
	 * qualification.
	 */
	oldrte = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, rel,
										   makeAlias("old", NIL),
										   false, false);
	newrte = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, rel,
										   makeAlias("new", NIL),
										   false, false);
	/* Must override addRangeTableEntry's default access-check flags */
	oldrte->requiredPerms = 0;
	newrte->requiredPerms = 0;

	/*
	 * They must be in the namespace too for lookup purposes, but only add the
	 * one(s) that are relevant for the current kind of rule.  In an UPDATE
	 * rule, quals must refer to OLD.field or NEW.field to be unambiguous, but
	 * there's no need to be so picky for INSERT & DELETE.  We do not add them
	 * to the joinlist.
	 */
	switch (stmt->event)
	{
		case CMD_SELECT:
			addRTEtoQuery(pstate, oldrte, false, true, true);
			break;
		case CMD_UPDATE:
			addRTEtoQuery(pstate, oldrte, false, true, true);
			addRTEtoQuery(pstate, newrte, false, true, true);
			break;
		case CMD_INSERT:
			addRTEtoQuery(pstate, newrte, false, true, true);
			break;
		case CMD_DELETE:
			addRTEtoQuery(pstate, oldrte, false, true, true);
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized event type: %d",
				 (int) stmt->event);
			break;
	}

	/* take care of the where clause */
	*whereClause = transformWhereClause(pstate,
									  (Node *) copyObject(stmt->whereClause),
										EXPR_KIND_WHERE,
										"WHERE");
	/* we have to fix its collations too */
	assign_expr_collations(pstate, *whereClause);

	/* this is probably dead code without add_missing_from: */
	if (list_length(pstate->p_rtable) != 2)		/* naughty, naughty... */
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("rule WHERE condition cannot contain references to other relations")));

	/*
	 * 'instead nothing' rules with a qualification need a query rangetable so
	 * the rewrite handler can add the negated rule qualification to the
	 * original query. We create a query with the new command type CMD_NOTHING
	 * here that is treated specially by the rewrite system.
	 */
	if (stmt->actions == NIL)
	{
		Query	   *nothing_qry = makeNode(Query);

		nothing_qry->commandType = CMD_NOTHING;
		nothing_qry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
		nothing_qry->jointree = makeFromExpr(NIL, NULL);		/* no join wanted */

		*actions = list_make1(nothing_qry);
	}
	else
	{
		ListCell   *l;
		List	   *newactions = NIL;

		/*
		 * transform each statement, like parse_sub_analyze()
		 */
		foreach(l, stmt->actions)
		{
			Node	   *action = (Node *) lfirst(l);
			ParseState *sub_pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);
			Query	   *sub_qry,
					   *top_subqry;
			bool		has_old,
						has_new;

			/*
			 * Since outer ParseState isn't parent of inner, have to pass down
			 * the query text by hand.
			 */
			sub_pstate->p_sourcetext = queryString;

			/*
			 * Set up OLD/NEW in the rtable for this statement.  The entries
			 * are added only to relnamespace, not varnamespace, because we
			 * don't want them to be referred to by unqualified field names
			 * nor "*" in the rule actions.  We decide later whether to put
			 * them in the joinlist.
			 */
			oldrte = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(sub_pstate, rel,
												   makeAlias("old", NIL),
												   false, false);
			newrte = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(sub_pstate, rel,
												   makeAlias("new", NIL),
												   false, false);
			oldrte->requiredPerms = 0;
			newrte->requiredPerms = 0;
			addRTEtoQuery(sub_pstate, oldrte, false, true, false);
			addRTEtoQuery(sub_pstate, newrte, false, true, false);

			/* Transform the rule action statement */
			top_subqry = transformStmt(sub_pstate,
									   (Node *) copyObject(action));

			/*
			 * We cannot support utility-statement actions (eg NOTIFY) with
			 * nonempty rule WHERE conditions, because there's no way to make
			 * the utility action execute conditionally.
			 */
			if (top_subqry->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
				*whereClause != NULL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
						 errmsg("rules with WHERE conditions can only have SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE actions")));

			/*
			 * If the action is INSERT...SELECT, OLD/NEW have been pushed down
			 * into the SELECT, and that's what we need to look at. (Ugly
			 * kluge ... try to fix this when we redesign querytrees.)
			 */
			sub_qry = getInsertSelectQuery(top_subqry, NULL);

			/*
			 * If the sub_qry is a setop, we cannot attach any qualifications
			 * to it, because the planner won't notice them.  This could
			 * perhaps be relaxed someday, but for now, we may as well reject
			 * such a rule immediately.
			 */
			if (sub_qry->setOperations != NULL && *whereClause != NULL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("conditional UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT statements are not implemented")));

			/*
			 * Validate action's use of OLD/NEW, qual too
			 */
			has_old =
				rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) sub_qry, PRS2_OLD_VARNO, 0) ||
				rangeTableEntry_used(*whereClause, PRS2_OLD_VARNO, 0);
			has_new =
				rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) sub_qry, PRS2_NEW_VARNO, 0) ||
				rangeTableEntry_used(*whereClause, PRS2_NEW_VARNO, 0);

			switch (stmt->event)
			{
				case CMD_SELECT:
					if (has_old)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
								 errmsg("ON SELECT rule cannot use OLD")));
					if (has_new)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
								 errmsg("ON SELECT rule cannot use NEW")));
					break;
				case CMD_UPDATE:
					/* both are OK */
					break;
				case CMD_INSERT:
					if (has_old)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
								 errmsg("ON INSERT rule cannot use OLD")));
					break;
				case CMD_DELETE:
					if (has_new)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
								 errmsg("ON DELETE rule cannot use NEW")));
					break;
				default:
					elog(ERROR, "unrecognized event type: %d",
						 (int) stmt->event);
					break;
			}

			/*
			 * OLD/NEW are not allowed in WITH queries, because they would
			 * amount to outer references for the WITH, which we disallow.
			 * However, they were already in the outer rangetable when we
			 * analyzed the query, so we have to check.
			 *
			 * Note that in the INSERT...SELECT case, we need to examine the
			 * CTE lists of both top_subqry and sub_qry.
			 *
			 * Note that we aren't digging into the body of the query looking
			 * for WITHs in nested sub-SELECTs.  A WITH down there can
			 * legitimately refer to OLD/NEW, because it'd be an
			 * indirect-correlated outer reference.
			 */
			if (rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) top_subqry->cteList,
									 PRS2_OLD_VARNO, 0) ||
				rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) sub_qry->cteList,
									 PRS2_OLD_VARNO, 0))
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("cannot refer to OLD within WITH query")));
			if (rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) top_subqry->cteList,
									 PRS2_NEW_VARNO, 0) ||
				rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) sub_qry->cteList,
									 PRS2_NEW_VARNO, 0))
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("cannot refer to NEW within WITH query")));

			/*
			 * For efficiency's sake, add OLD to the rule action's jointree
			 * only if it was actually referenced in the statement or qual.
			 *
			 * For INSERT, NEW is not really a relation (only a reference to
			 * the to-be-inserted tuple) and should never be added to the
			 * jointree.
			 *
			 * For UPDATE, we treat NEW as being another kind of reference to
			 * OLD, because it represents references to *transformed* tuples
			 * of the existing relation.  It would be wrong to enter NEW
			 * separately in the jointree, since that would cause a double
			 * join of the updated relation.  It's also wrong to fail to make
			 * a jointree entry if only NEW and not OLD is mentioned.
			 */
			if (has_old || (has_new && stmt->event == CMD_UPDATE))
			{
				/*
				 * If sub_qry is a setop, manipulating its jointree will do no
				 * good at all, because the jointree is dummy. (This should be
				 * a can't-happen case because of prior tests.)
				 */
				if (sub_qry->setOperations != NULL)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("conditional UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT statements are not implemented")));
				/* hack so we can use addRTEtoQuery() */
				sub_pstate->p_rtable = sub_qry->rtable;
				sub_pstate->p_joinlist = sub_qry->jointree->fromlist;
				addRTEtoQuery(sub_pstate, oldrte, true, false, false);
				sub_qry->jointree->fromlist = sub_pstate->p_joinlist;
			}

			newactions = lappend(newactions, top_subqry);

			free_parsestate(sub_pstate);
		}

		*actions = newactions;
	}

	free_parsestate(pstate);

	/* Close relation, but keep the exclusive lock */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);
}