Fatal human knowlesi malaria has hitherto not been reported at post-mortem, so this report may increase our understanding of severe and fatal malaria whatever species cause these syndromes. Interestingly, vivax malaria is also becoming recognized as causing severe and sometimes fatal infection in a significant proportion of individuals, suggesting re-evaluation of the dogma that falciparum infection may be the only important cause of fatal disease [19] [20] [21] .