Vector control efforts included 1) inspecting private and public properties for mosquitoes, larvae, and potential breeding sites; 2) conducting door-to-door source reduction campaigns by HDOH staff and community volunteers in Hana and windward Oahu; and 3) treating >2,500 residences statewide with insecticides or larvicides. Estimating SARS Incubation Period   Syndromic Surveillance  a large number of cases within 24 hours. A fully functional hospital syndromic surveillance system that uses automated analysis (such as the daily emergency department-based surveillance with SaTScan in New York City) should identify a substantial increase in a relevant syndrome within 12 to 24 hours after data submission (2) . A continued daily rise in any disease category would most certainly set off alarms in a syndromic surveillance network. If active statewide laboratory surveillance is included in syndromic surveillance, such as the gram-positive rod surveillance conducted in Connecticut (3), this surveillance should rapidly detect even single cases of anthrax concurrent with the presumptive diagnosis within the hospital.