No association was observed between a given rhinovirus species and the type of infection (URT, LRT, protracted Upper respiratory tract specimens (URT) are nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates; lower respiratory tract specimens (LRT) are bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. 2 Partial VP1 sequence of these cases has been reported previously [8] . infection) in the whole study population (Fisher's exact test, 4DF; P = 0.41). HRV-A and -C were present at similar frequencies among LRT infections (22.45% and 19.15%, respectively) in lung transplant recipients and hospital patients (Figure 1) . We found also a good representation of different rhinovirus serotypes in all types of specimens (URT, LRT, protracted infection) ( Figure S1 ). By contrast, there was a clear association between the populations studied (lung transplant recipients versus adult and pediatric hospital patients) and the type of infection (URT, LRT, protracted infection) (Fisher's exact test, 2DF; P,0.05). Six protracted infections were observed; five in lung transplant recipients and one in a 3-month-old infant. Finally, we observed an association between the infecting HRV species and patient age (Fisher's exact test, 2DF; P,0.05). The proportion of HRV-C positive samples (LRT, URT, protracted infection) was significantly higher in pediatric hospital patients than in adult hospital patients (51% versus 17%, respectively) (chi-Square 1DF; P,0.05) ( Figure 1B) .