Ten patients underwent radiation. The total dose of radiotherapy ranged from 30 to 46 Gy. Pneumonia related to radiation was observed in one case. In a median follow-up of 35 months (range: 5-95 months), 6 of 29 patients (20.7%) died due to disease progression (3 cases), pneumonia related to bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy (1 case), renal failure (1 case), and unknown causes (1 case). OS at 3 years was 79.3% and MST was 73.7 months (95% confidence interval, CI 59.4-88.0). MST was shorter in patients with hilar/mediastinal LAP than in those without hilar/mediastinal LAP (50.6 months vs 84.2 months, P 5 0.006) ( Fig. 1 ) and in patients with non-MALT lymphoma than in those with MALT lymphoma (48.8 months vs 83.1 months; P 5 0.009). Univariate analysis identified non-MALT type (P 5 0.009), B symptoms (P 5 0.012), high-LDH level (P 5 0.011), advanced Ann Arbor Stage (IIIE-IVE) (P 5 0.012), International Prognostic Index scores (IPI) 5 3-5 (P 5 0.040), and hilar/mediastinal LAP (P 5 0.006) as indicators of poor prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified only hilar/mediastinal LAP as an independent predictor of OS (RR 5 11.0, 95% CI: 1.29-94.4, P 5 0.029). The MST was 75.5 months for patients who underwent surgery initially and 65.7 months for those who did not undergo surgery (P 5 0.38). The MST was 77.4 months for patients treated with rituximab and 54.1 months for those not treated with rituximab (P 5 0.101).