Sphingolipids. Although the Blygh and Dyer method [37] utilized for lipidomic analyses of whole cells or membrane fractions detected the expression of sphingolipids, Merrill et al optimized a protocol dedicated to analyzing sphingolipids without the interference from co-purifying PLs [38] . Utilizing this protocol, we carried out mass spectrometry analysis of these bioactive lipids from mosquito cells fractionated to provide three subcellular fractions: nuclear (N), cytoplasmic (CE) and membrane (16K). Similar to the above analyses, UV-DENV and mock infected cells were included as controls. The specific sphingolipids monitored included CER, SM, monohexosylceramide (GlcCER) and dihexosylceramide (GalCER).