Absolute bed rest, preferably in a semirecumbent position and continuous high-flow oxygen inhalation with defoaming agents in a humidifier bottle are necessary. Drugs are mainly administered intravenously and intramuscularly. Atropine (2-5 mg/0.5 h) or anisodamine (20-40 mg/0.5 h), dexamethasone (10 mg/4 h), furosemide (40 mg/8 h), gentamicin (80000 IU/8 h); or dexamethasone (200 mg), furosemide (40 mg), atropine or anisodamine (10 mg), and gentamicin (160000 IU) in 10% glucose solution (500 mL) three times daily are recommended. Symptomatic treatments may include intramuscular morphine (10 mg) for patients with dysphoria, intramuscular cedilanid (0.4-0.8 mg) for patients with heart failure, and vitamin C, ATP solution, coenzyme A, and cytochrome C, as deemed necessary.