The recombination predictions of the concatenated genome sequences were conducted with a suite of programs within the RDP3 package [39, 40] . The individual programs RDP [39] , GENECONV [73] , Bootscan [40] , Maximum Chi [74] , Chimaera [75] , SiScan [76] and 3Seq [77] , were implemented for the analysis. Since no single program provided optimal performance under all conditions, any event supported by five or more methods with p-values #10 25 was the criteria used for positive recombination breakpoints identification. The breakpoint position and the putative parental sequences were also determined.