Total RNA was isolated as outlined above from HCA7 cells treated for 4, 6 and 8 h with SC236 (5 mM) or vehicle. cDNA was synthesised using the Custom SuperScript ds-cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Samples from various time points were pooled and underwent in vitro transcription using the ENZO IVT kit (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) to form biotin-labelled cRNA. This was fragmented and three independent biological samples for both control and treated conditions were then hybridised to Affymetrix U95Av2 GeneChips according to Affymetrix protocols. A detailed description of microarray analysis is included as Supplementary methods.