Picornavirus polyprotein sequences were compiled, translated, and aligned with the program BioEdit [56] . A neighbour-joining tree was generated using the Kimura two-parameter estimation in MEGA 3.1 [57] . Nodal confidence values (%), noted at the relevant nodes, indicate the results of bootstrap resampling (n = 1000). Because of the sequence diversity among the viruses analyzed, we undertook an additional analysis on a subgroup of strains whereby we gap-stripped the alignment, removing all gaps/ highly divergent regions and re-estimated the phylogeny (data not shown). This confirmed the phylogenetic position determined in the first instance.