The prototype of a deleterious type I IFN response during bacterial infection is experimental listeriosis elicited by the grampositive rod-shaped intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes that was discovered in 1926 (reviewed in [9] ). L. monocytogenes induces type I IFN synthesis via triggering a still uncharacterized pattern recognition receptor in the cytosol of host cells [10, 11] . Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), secreted by L. monocytogenes, might be one of the cytosolic activators of type I IFN [12] . In addition, lymphotoxin-a might be involved in the triggering of type I IFN responses [13, 14] and lymphotoxin b receptor was shown to be crucially involved in the controlling of Listeria monocytogenes infection [15] .