Age. Twelve (43%) of 28 studies that evaluated pneumoniarelated mortality presented estimates for children ,1 year of age; 23 (82%) presented estimates for children aged ,5 years; most (20 studies, 71%) presented mortality as deaths per 1,000 live births per year (Table S3) . Mortality rates ranged from 485 to 890 deaths from pneumonia per 100,000 population for children ,1 year of age [25, 29, 30] , and from 184 to 1223 deaths from pneumonia per 100,000 population for children ,5 years of age [25, 26, 27, 28, 29] . When mortality was measured per 1,000 live births, the estimates ranged from 0.66 to 12.8 deaths for children ,1 year of age [23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38] and from 0.71 to 16 for children ,5 years of age [21, 23, 26, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48] (Table S3 ). Case fatality rates were higher in children ,1 year of age (4.67±4.88%) than in children ,5 years of age (0.52± 1.94%). One study in adults, which included older adults up to age 94 years, found a case fatality rate of 9.98% [22] .