Inverted cone-shaped lipids such as LPLs were also up regulated during DENV infection. Primarily, LPC was up regulated in the whole cell analysis. It results from the hydrolysis of PC by PLA 2 [45] . We have shown that this enzyme is activated during DENV infection. Many other viruses have also shown a dependency for PLA 2 in their life cycle [31, 46] . Due to its inverted cone-shaped structure, asymmetric incorporation of LPC into membranes causes positive curvature and induces vesicle fission and budding [47] . Structural analyses of DENV-induced membrane structures in mosquito cells indicate the presence of highly curved membranes and smaller vesicles [18] [19] . Therefore, vesiculation through fission and budding as well as enrichment of molecules that increase membrane curvature may be an underlying mechanism for forming these membrane structures.