Objective: There is supposition about genetic propensity in the ascending aorta aneurysm (AAA) development. Aim: to investigate role of elastin gene polymorphism (rs2071307) in AAA development in essential hypertension (EH). Method: DNA samples from persons with AAA and EH (1 group), with EH only (2 group) and healthy subjects (3 group) were examined. Polymorphism rs2071307 was studied with real-time PCR. Histological examination of AAA walls was performed in 1 group. Results: Distribution on genotypes A/A, A/G, G/G was the following: 1 group -42.1 %, 42.1 %, 15.8 %; 2 group -68 %, 24 %, 8 %; 3 group -18.5 %, 45.6 %, 35.9 %. Fragmentation of elastic membranes and media collagen component strengthening were revealed in persons with A/A, A/G, G/ G genotypes in 54.2 %, 70.8 %, 11.1 % respectively. Persons with G/G genotype have more frequently (66.6 %) than others (A/A -16.6 %, AG -12.5 %) signs of inflammation, which promote AAA development parallel to EH. Conclusion: We obtained evidence that elastin gene polymorphism (rs2071307) plays important role in EH and AAA development. In persons with allele A in rs2071307 risk of EH and AAA development is higher than in G/G genotype. Mostly allele A in rs2071307 is accompanied with elastic membranes fragmentation and their substitution by collagen that decreases arterial wall elasticity.