A total of 106 (32.7%) HBoV positives were genotyped, whilst 218 (67.3%) remained untyped after testing in the HBoV types 1, 2 or 3 specific assays (Table 4 ). HBoV-1 detection was found predominantly in controls, (p,0.001) and HBoV-2 was predominantly associated with cases (p,0.01). The prevalence of HBoV-3 was not significantly different between cases and controls. HBoV-1 and -3 were predominantly found in children (Table 4) . HBoV-2 in the absence of any other pathogen was detected in 17 (81.3%) of the cases, compared to 9 (47.4%) of the controls. In cases, HBoV-2 was found across the age groups, although more frequently in children ,5, whereas in controls they were found predominantly in children ,5 with only 1 example in an adult ( Table 4 ). The prevalence of HBoV-2 in children ,5 years old was however not significantly different between cases and controls, 2.8% and 2.6%, respectively. A subset of HBoV that were negative in the type 1,2 or 3specific assays were confirmed in an alternative pan-HBoV PCR, and sequencing of a small number confirmed them as types 1, 2 or 3. The majority of the untyped samples (70%) had a CT value of .37 in the screening pan-HBoV PCR, indicative of low viral loads being present in the samples.