Aim and objective of this lecure is to introduce the attendee to the historical, clinical and legal challenges which faced (and continued to face) health professionals dealing with child protection, with special reference and focus upon the unique issues which occur in the paediatric environment. The attendee will have the opportunity to hear a summary gleaned from opinions from those learned health professionals involved with the difficult challenges in non accidental injury and all of the issues arising and pursuing the medicolegal expert dealing in child protection. Specific individual examples from high profile UK legal cases will be highlighted to allow the listener to understand the harsh climate facing those involved in child protection from the legal perspective. 