MEFs, BMMs and GM-CSF induced BMDCs were generated as described [95, 97] . The purity of BMMs was higher than 98%, of BMDCs approximately 80%. BM derived pDCs were generated in the presence of Flt3L and CD11c + CD11b 2 B220 + CD62L + pDCs were MoFlo sorted (purity higher than 95%) as described [55] . MEFs were grown in a-MEM (Invitrogen). Immature, monocyte derived human DCs were obtained by incubating adherent monocytes with GM-CSF as described [98] Human mDCs were infected with the indicated amounts of Ads in growth medium containing 2% of donor serum. Mouse L-929 cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FCS. MAPK inhibitors UO126 (MEK1/2, Cell Signaling), SB203580 (p38, Sigma) and SP600125 (SAPK/JNK Calbiochem) were used at 15 mM in vitro and SP600125 at 20 mg/kg in vivo. Bafilomycin-A1 (Sigma) was used at 100 nM. The plasmids pmaxGFP (Amaxa) and RIG-IC [64, 99, 100] were purified with the Endo-Free Plasmid kit (Qiagen) and PEG purification. 