Immuno¯uorescence staining Cells were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ®xed in 4% formaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature, followed by 5 min in ±20°C acetone. Primary antibodies were diluted in 5% bovine serum albumin and incubated with cells for 1 h at room temperature. After three washes in PBS,¯uorescein-conjugated secondary antibodies were added to cells at 1:200 dilution for 1 h at room temperature. FITC-or TRITCconjugated secondary antibodies were used to generate green or red uorescence. Cells were then washed in PBS and mounted in Vectashield (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).