Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time that TLR2, TLR4, MyD88 are essential for clearance of Brucella from the lung following aerosol exposure. Although TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 are not required for the development of cell-mediated adaptive immunity, they play diverse roles in Brucella antigen specific antibody production and antibody class switching. The information obtained from this study will greatly facilitate efforts to understand immunity to Brucella and the rational design of novel vaccines against Brucella infection. Diagnostic Devices for Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Since the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, genomic information has been retrievable from lesser amounts of DNA than previously possible. PCR-based amplifications require high-precision instruments to perform temperature cycling reactions; further, they are cumbersome for routine clinical use. However, the use of isothermal approaches can eliminate many complications associated with thermocycling. The application of diagnostic devices for isothermal DNA amplification has recently been studied extensively. In this paper, we describe the basic concepts of several isothermal amplification approaches and review recent progress in diagnostic device development. Nucleic acid amplification is one of the most valuable tools in nucleic acid detection because it can amplify fewer than 10 target copies, significantly improving assay sensitivity. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was introduced by Mullis [1] and has since become an indispensable tool in numerous OPEN ACCESS molecular research and diagnostic applications. Related advanced technologies, such as multiplex PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), have been used for bimolecular analysis. However, there are numerous features confining the applicability of PCR. The approach requires thermal cycling instrumentation, considerable expertise, and a substantial amount of space in routine diagnostic laboratories, thus limiting its use to highly sophisticated facilities. These limitations in current PCR-based techniques have spurred the development of a new molecular-biological technique known as isothermal nucleic acid amplification. The major difference between PCR and isothermal amplification are the temperature reaction condition requirements. Stringent reaction conditions, including thermal cycling steps at specific temperatures, are employed in PCR, whereas only a single optimal reaction temperature is required for the entire isothermal amplification reaction, thus providing simpler and more effective reaction conditions without expensive equipment. Additionally, isothermal DNA amplification produces longer DNA fragments than the conventional PCR technique. Overall, isothermal nucleic acid amplifications have greater amplification efficiency and produce higher DNA yields than PCR owing to their undisrupted and sustained enzyme activity.