Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids with one or more sialic acid residues. They are essential components of all animal cell membranes where they are anchored in the external leaflet by the hydrophobic ceramide part of their molecule while the oligosaccharide chain protrudes into the extracellular medium. Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the plasma membranes of neuronal cells have been implicated in various cellular functions since the high heterogeneity of their oligosaccharide structures allows specific interactions with various proteins and oligosaccharide chains of other molecules at the cell membrane surface. Gangliosides to a great extent determine the fine structure of membranes, e.g., lateral diffusion of its components, as well as the organization of lipid rafts (Cantù et al., 2011) . Disruption of ganglioside metabolism leads to various neurological diseases (for review see Walkley, 2003) . Studies of ganglioside-knockout mice have demonstrated that depletion of various classes of gangliosides results in development of neurodegeneration and pathology similar to Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases Wu et al., 2011) . In the aging brain, and especially in AD patients, ganglioside content significantly decreases in various brain structures, especially in the areas of the brain related to the pathogenesis of the disease (Kracun et al., 1991) .