The Adelaide Colorectal Cancer Collaborative has undertaken trials designed to identify solutions. Results indicate improved participation associated with use of an advance notification letter, reminder letters, medical practitioner endorsement (including personalized letters), the removal of dietary restrictions from the requirements of testing, and minimally "distasteful" sampling technology. Recent behavioral studies have further highlighted the importance of addressing attitudinal and cognitive barriers. These studies indicate that the Australian population is influenced by the way messages are framed, confidence in their capacity to use the kit (self-efficacy), perceived salience and coherence of screening, cancer worries, response efficacy (i.e., belief in the effectiveness of screening), social influences and perceived susceptibility to bowel cancer.