Consistent with the results in murine system, significant IFN-c ELISpot responses (p,0.05) were detected with all IVTT antigens purified using NI-NTA resin ( Figure 6A ) and for all antigens purified using MagneHis Ni-particles except FluM ( Figure 6B ) (as compared to PBS); the lack of responses with FluM was attributed to a low yield post MagneHis Ni purification (data not presented). Unexpectedly, significant IFN-c ELISpot responses were also noted with all IVTT viral antigens used unpurified (compared to empty pIVEX HisHA IVTT) ( Figure 6C ) or associated to ProteinG beads (compared to empty pIVEX HisHA IVTT associated with ProteinG beads) ( Figure 6D ), but only for only two or the four IVTT viral antigens associated with Polybeads (FluM and FluHA; compared to empty pIVEX HisHA IVTT associated with Polybeads) ( Figure 6E ).