Our interests in combining genomics and macaque infection models have led to the establishment of the Division of Functional Genomics and Infectious Disease at the Washington National Primate Research Center. Our laboratory is the central component of this Division, which is devoted to developing genomic and proteomic technologies (along with Richard Smith's group at PNNL), immunologic resources (in collaboration with Edward Clark and Murali-Krishna Kaja), and advanced computing and bioinformatics applications to enhance the use of nonhuman primates as models for influenza virus infection and AIDS. Our goal is to develop and apply the tools needed to perform comprehensive and integrated analyses on nonhuman primates and to analyze the response to virus infection at multiple points along the flow of biological information: from the whole animal to DNA to RNA to protein to biological function (Figure 2 ). By integrating these diverse types of data, we have the opportunity to better understand the dynamics of the host response to infection and the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression to virus-mediated disease, immunopathology, or the development of protective immunity. We also have the opportunity to better understand how gene expression changes in response to infection translate into changes in protein abundance and function, and how these changes correlate with clinical outcome. Moreover, we have the opportunity to assess how changes in gene expression and protein abundance affect immune cell function, and how the innate immune response develops and its link to adaptive immunity. Ultimately, we believe this integrated approach will translate into molecular signatures that predict protective immunity or pathology, biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic assays, and a rational base for improvements to antiviral therapies or vaccine strategies.