To independently confirm AR expression by human T cells, and to test whether T cells produced AR as a direct result of TCR stimulation, human CD4 and CD8 T cells were purified by sorting, and stimulated with beads coated with anti-CD3+ anti-CD28 antibodies. At different times, RNA was extracted from the cells, and levels of AR and IL-2 mRNA measured by RT-PCR. AR mRNA levels increased rapidly after stimulation, and returned to low levels after ten hours, whereas IL-2 showed slower kinetics ( Figure 1B) . The kinetics of AR production were similar in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Thus human T cells directly express AR in response to polyclonal TCR stimulation.