Culture of CD4 + -and CD8 + T cells with CD11c + cells pulsed with OVA CD11c + cells were incubated with or without the indicated inhibitors for 60 min in a 24-well plate prior to the addition of OVA-liposome conjugates made using oleoyl liposomes. The final concentration of OVA-liposome added to the macrophage culture was 500 mg lipid/ml, which included 24 mg OVA. After 60 minutes' incubation, CD11c + cells were washed 3 times in ice-cold medium and 2610 5 cells were co-cultured with 5610 5 CD4 + T cells or CD8 + T cells, in a 48-well plate. A preliminary experiment showed that the optimal culture period in the above culture condition was 2 days for IFN-c production by CD4 + T cells and 5 days for IFN-c production by CD8 + T cells. After incubation in a CO 2 incubator for 2 or 5 days, the culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IFN-c.