Findings by ONC S&I LRI PH WG demonstrated that there are significant gaps in development of (a) functional requirements for PH-R and (b) interoperable standards-based specifications that support PH-R electronic data exchange from clinical care to public health and within public health. In order to strengthen PH-R, the S&I PH-R activity defined the following priorities: (1) Compile the full picture of all aspects of PH reporting; (2) Review and define public health and patient safety business processes and functional requirements and develop Á HIT interoperability specifications; (3) Align public health objectives in MU Stage 1 with the needs of other public health domains and programs that were not explicitly mentioned in MU Stages 1; (4) Develop a roadmap for aligning public health, patient safety and clinical objectives in MU with regards to HIT standards, development, harmonization, testing and certification; (5) Develop a roadmap for deploying standard-based certified HIT applications in PH agencies and for patient safety reporting.