Of the different serotypes prevalent in India, type "O" has been found to be predominant over other types [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] . Similarly in the North-Eastern region of India, the frequency of FMD is highest with type "O", which is always followed by other types including the type "Asia-1" [78, 79] . The agroclimatic and socioeconomic condition, mixed animal husbandry practices, unrestricted movement, and trade among animals and porous international border provide a conductive epidemiology niche for the FMDV to flourish, mutate, and persist over time and to affect the susceptible animal population [80, 81] .There are records of about 5,000 outbreaks to occur in India annually affecting nearly three lakh animals [82] with an estimated staggering loss of Rs. 4,300 cores to the economy annually [83] .The losses are mainly due to reduction in milk yield, draught power, and breeding capabilities. In India where world's largest livestock populations exist, it is a leading cause of loss of livestock economy (direct and indirect losses) due to its endemic nature.