Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which includes receptors for steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones, all of which are involved in the immune response [159] . Natarajan et al. demonstrated that PPARγ agonists inhibit EAE by blocking IL12 production, IL12 signaling, and Th1 cell differentiation [160] . Kanakasabai et al. further demonstrated that the PPARδ agonists ameliorate EAE by blocking IFNγ and IL17 production by Th1 and Th17 cells. The inhibition of EAE by PPARδ agonists is also associated with reductions in IL12 and IL23 and increases in IL4 and IL10 expression in the CNS and lymphoid organs. This indicates that PPARδ agonists modulate the Th1 and Th17 responses in EAE, and suggests their use in the treatment of MS and other autoimmune diseases [161] .