The pool of immune African globulins (PIAG) used for ADCI was prepared from immune individuals living in endemic areas and negative control IgG (N-IgG) was obtained from a pool of more than 1000 French adult donors with no history of malaria. Briefly, the IgG fractions from both positive and negative controls were purified using a size exclusion TrisacrylH GF05M (Pall BioSepraH; Pall life Sciences, NY) column followed by an ionic exchange DEAE Ceramic HyperDH F column (Pall BioSepraH). Purified IgG were then extensively dialyzed against RPMI and kept at 4uC until use.