After virus egress from the HG, virions must remain stable in the hemolymph and pass through the ASG for transmission to occur. To determine whether the treatments had an effect on these latter steps in the circulative transmission pathway, treated and non-treated virions were microinjected into aphid hemolymph to bypass the HG barrier. Transmission efficiency was reduced when aphids were injected with sodium sulfite-treated or sodium sulfite plus EDTA-treated virions, 8% and 0%, respectively, relative to aphids microinjected with EDTA-treated or untreated virions, 78% and 91%, respectively (Table 3) . These data were consistent over multiple independent experiments, indicating the effect was reproducible and not dependent on the concentration of virus. Initial results from the membrane-feeding experiments indicated that the EDTA and sodium sulfite could be acting additively or synergistically to block CYDV-RPV transmission since no transmission was observed. An identical trend was observed in the microinjection experiments (Table 3) . We performed a loglinear analysis of a 3-way contingency table using sodium sulfite, EDTA, and transmissibility as the three variables. We were unable to conclusively show any interaction effects of EDTA and sodium sulfite on aphid transmission of CYDV-RPV with the number of replicates performed for either the feeding or microinjection assays.