This is the largest study to date of critically ill patients in a low-income setting in sub-Saharan Africa. Our ICU study population is a young one and, even though we have limited data for comparison, high-income countries may have an older ICU population. We had a mortality rate of 40.1%, with sepsis, head injury, acute lung injury and HIV/AIDS the most common admission diagnoses. The mortality rate stayed the same over time, possibly because the admitting doctors stuck to their prognoses, and there are limitations in resources and a paucity of use of evidence-based practice. The fact that half the patients came from outside of the capital city is explained by the dearth of ICU beds in the country as a whole. Critical care remains a neglected area of health service delivery in this setting, with large numbers of patients with potentially treatable conditions not having access to such services. Further research needs to be carried out in ICUs in other resource limited settings, including a prospective study to estimate the resources required to design resource appropriate units in such settings and the impact on morbidity and mortality, especially for the most common conditions. Influenza Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates To determine whether nonhuman primates are infected with influenza viruses in nature, we conducted serologic and swab studies among macaques from several parts of the world. Our detection of influenza virus and antibodies to influenza virus raises questions about the role of nonhuman primates in the ecology of influenza. W orldwide, infections with infl uenza A viruses are associated with substantial illness and death among mammals and birds. Public health and research have placed major focus on understanding the pathogenicity of different infl uenza virus strains and characterizing new infl uenza vaccines. Nonhuman primates (NHPs), including macaques, have become popular experimental models for studying the pathogenesis and immunology of seasonal and emerging infl uenza viruses. NHPs readily seroconvert after experimental inoculation with seasonal infl uenza virus and have been used to test candidate vaccines for strains of human and avian origin. Like humans, macaques infected with infl uenza virus exhibit fever, malaise, nasal discharge, and nonproductive cough; virus replication can be detected in the nasal passages and respiratory tract (1, 2) . However, whether NHPs are infected with infl uenza viruses in nature remains unknown.