Objective: To assess the long-term efficacy of recombinant yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine in infant s born to HBsAg and HBeAg carrier mother. Methods: A total of 273 neonates born to HbsAg, HBeAg both positive mothers were vaccinated with 5 ,5 ,5 g doses of recombinant yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine by 0 ,1 , and 6 months schedule. They were all followed for 129 years after the primary vaccination. Results: Twelve infant s (6.63 %) become HBsAg positively conversed in 9 year after primary vaccination ,and the positive rate of HBsAg in 1-9 year was 0.72 %-6.8 % ,17.18 % of child in no/ lowly respond become HBsAg positively. At the ninth year, the positive rates of anti-HBs were 60 % above. Anti-HBs positive rates and immunity level were higher at 3-5 year old by repetition immunity than others. Conclusion: The recombinant yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine have good immunogenecity and long-term protective efficacy to HBV interruption of perinatal transmission , a booster dose seems necessary in aged 3-4 years to the mother with HBsAg and HBeAg.It is high risk tobecome HBsAg positively in the baby of norespones to hepatitis B vaccine.