Besides its well known role in angiogenesis, VEGFA has been suggested to regulate trophoblast behavior in an autocrine manner [51] . Other members of the VEGF family, such as PGF and VEGFC, promote endothelial survival and vascular remodeling [38] . In addition, PGF was shown to play an important role in successful uNK cell proliferation and/or differentiation [37] and VEGFC to facilitate immune tolerance and endovascular activity of uNK cells [35] . Therefore, we decided to investigate whether PSG1 induces the expression of different members of the VEGF family. When exploring the possible induction by PSG1 of VEGFC in HTR-8/SVneo cells and of PGF in BeWo cells, we found that these cells express very high basal levels of these growth factors and that whereas we saw significant induction in some experiments, this induction was not reproducible in others. Therefore, at this time, we are unable to reach a definite conclusion.