The yearly excess number of patients and all-cause deaths reported by 12 public hospitals and public medics system during 1918-1920 compared with the yearly averages during the adjacent "baseline" years of 1916, 1917, 1921, and 1922 are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 . The percentages of the excess number of medical treatments and hospitalization for each year during 1918-1920 over the averaged yearly numbers of the adjacent baseline years of 1916, 1917, 1921, and 1922 are given in Table 1 with the 95% confidence intervals (CI). In 1919, the numbers of hospitalizations and treatments by public medics are clearly excessive, exceeding even the corresponding numbers in the epidemic years in 1918 and 1920 in some instances (see Figures 1, 2, 3 Moreover, the percentages of excess yearly number of deaths reported by 12 large public hospitals and public medics for each year during 1918-1920 over the averaged yearly number of deaths of the adjacent years of 1916, 1917, 1921, and 1922 , are given in Table 2 . Only 