Processes that regulate gene transcription are directly under the influence of genome organization, and intrachromosomal interactions such as chromatin looping were shown to be involved in promoting transcriptional activation of genes in eukaryotes [65, 66] . Our ChIP experiments showed that activated STAT3 was present both in STAT3-binding sites of the promoter and in the exon 1 coding region of GFAP gene, and CBP/p300 was specifically recruited to the exon 1 coding region but not to the promoter. These findings imply that there are conformational changes in the GFAP brought about by STAT3 activation.