Rabbit anti-BTV/NS2 (Orab 1) and the Guinea-pig anti-BTV/ VP5 (PM10) antibodies were produced at the Institute for Animal Health using recombinant NS2 and BTV-1 as immunogens respectively. The specificity of these antibodies was verified by western blotting against purified BTV-1 and a BTV-1 infected BHK cell lysate using uninfected cells as a negative control, and by showing a lack of cross-reactivity with uninfected BHK cells by confocal microscopy. Mab 9E10 (anti-c-myc) was from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (University of Iowa). The mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab 4A1) to Lysosomal Antigen -1 (LAMP-1) was from Jean Gruenberg (University of Geneva). Species specific, Alexa-Fluor conjugated secondary antibodies were from Invitrogen.