Mitoxantrone, a cytotoxic drug with immunomodulatory properties, is used to treat progressive forms of MS [129] . Mitoxantrone increases the ex vivo production of the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL5, but with no significant changes in IFNγ, TNFα, IL10, or IL17 expression by PBMCs or CD4 + T cells, indicating that the immunomodulation afforded by mitoxantrone treatment in MS acts through the enhancement of Th2-type cytokines [130] .