In spite of its potential for greatly contributing HIV prevention in China, there is little literature in this area. An exception is a recent study (Chen and Liao, 2005 ) of a Women Federation's HIV prevention program in south China. The study showed that the Women Federation was able to deliver a culturally oriented, multi-level intervention program targeted at female drug users. The data also indicated that the program was successfully in increasing knowledge about HIV/AIDS, increasing condom use, and decreasing needle and syringe sharing among the female drug users in the project. Studies which systematically evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of NGO based intervention programs are greatly needed in the future. 