The gene expression profiling performed for this study was done using human cDNA microarrays, which until recently was the only option available for studies using nonhuman primates. However, because of the extensive use of macaques as models for a wide variety of human diseases (and in AIDS research in particular), we have been part of a push to develop genomic resources focused on macaque species [26] . This effort resulted the sequencing of the rhesus macaque genome [27] , and James Wallace headed an effort to use this extensive sequence information to develop an oligonucleotide microarray containing over 17,000 unique macaque sequences [28] . Additional information related to nonhuman primate genomics is also available at macaque.org, a Web site we have developed to disseminate macaque genomic and proteomic data and resources.