During the early stage of HIV infection, clinical symptoms show sings of immune system activation such as flu-like symptoms, rather than immunosuppression. Immunological activation is caused by RNA40, an oligonucleotide derived from HIV, which activates pDCs, mDCs, T lymphocytes, and monocytes via TLR7 and TLR8 [21] . The virus proteins, Tat and Vpr, induce proinflammatory cytokines via activation of NF-κB [22, 23] , which then enhances the transcription of the virus genome via the LTR. IL-8 also contributes to the propagation of the virus via the accumulation of T lymphocytes.