Detection of amplification of TERC and TERT genes in cytology samples from cervical neoplasias by fluorescent in situ hybridization A. Farkasova * , E. Kudela, T. Balharek, P. Zubor, J. Danko, L. Plank * JFM CU, Dept. of Pathology, Martin, Slovakia Objective: Increased telomerase activity represents an early event in cervical carcinogenesis allowing cell immortality by recovering chromosomal telomeres. Thus, detection of TERC and TERT gene amplification might represent a diagnostic and valuable prognostic biomarker of cervical neoplasias. Method: Cervical smears from 13 patients classified according to Bethesda as NILM (n=3), ASC-US (n=2), L-SIL (n=2), H-SIL (n=4) and SCC (n=2) were analysed for TERC (3q26) and TERT (5p15) gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in 100 cells per slide using a four-color FISH probe (FHACT™). Results: The numbers of TERC and TERT copies, average ratio of gene copies and average number of cells with ≥4 TERC gene copies were highest in SCC, followed by H-SIL, L-SIL, ASC-US and NILM cases. Correlation between TERC/TERT amplification intensity and oncocytological findings was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: FISH analysis of TERC and TERT genes could be effective tool for the diagnosis of cervical neoplastic lesions. Using together with cytology and HPV DNA testing it can achieve higher sensitivity and specificity to discriminate H-SIL and invasive carcinomas from L-SIL lesions. Objective: Ovarian stromal hyperplasia (OSH) is characterised by non-neoplastic overgrowth of the ovarian cortical. Mild hyperplasia of the cortical and medullary stroma is found in the ovaries of about one-third of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is nearly always diffusely bilateral. We report a case of OSH associated with endometrial carcinoma (EC). Method: A 40-years-old caucasian woman, obese, smoker, with fatty liver, Gilbert´s syndrome and cholelithiasis. She had endometrial curettage biopsy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding for 5 month, which was diagnosed of complex atypical endometrial hiperplasia. A total abdominal hysterectomy whith bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Results: The diagnosis was Well differentiated endometrioid EC and bilateral OSH with focal stromal hypertecosis. Conclusion: OSH of moderate to severe degree may be found in women with disorders associated with androgenic and estrogenic manifestations including EC, obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, but these findings are less frequent and less obtrusive than in stromal hyperthecosis. Obese woman are at risk for developing endometrioid EC as a result of the increased capacity in adipose tissue to convert androstenedione to oestrone, and testosterone to oestradiol. A relationship in the origin of hormone-dependent endometrial pathology may exist between OSH, blood androgen levels and EC.