In this study, we have shown how transmission occurring around habitat hotspots influences disease transmission patterns, while previous studies have focused on disease transmission occurring at the hotspot itself. In some ecological systems, both transmission modes may coexist. For example, some fecal-orally transmitted parasites can infect both the soil and waterholes, and spore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis can persist for extended periods of time in animal carcasses, water and soil [40] . Additional works are needed to understand such epidemiological systems. Figure S1 Influence of multiple model parameters on attack rate, when infected groups travel (Sick-travel model). The fraction of groups infected increases with the hotspot radius of attraction, but varies with the traveler-resident transmission probability P T (four lines in each graph), withingroup transmission probability P w (three different columns of graphs), and between-neighbour transmission probability P B (four different rows of graphs). Each value is based on 1000 simulations in which disease was introduced randomly in one of the eigth groups adjacent to the hotspot. (TIF) Figure S2 Group's probability of infection in relation to the distance to the hotspot, predicted by the Sick-travel model. The relationship is presented for different values of the hotspot radius of attraction (R). Each graph represents a combination of the between-neighbour (P B ) and the travelerresident (P T ) transmission. The disease was introduced randomly in one of the eight groups adjacent to the hotspot. For all simulations, P w = 0.06. (TIF) Figure S3 Group's probability of infection in relation to the distance to the hotspot, predicted by the Sick-stay model. The relationship is presented for different values of the hotspot radius of attraction (R). Each graph represents a combination of the between-neighbour (P B ) and the travelerresident (P T ) transmission. The disease was introduced randomly in one of the eight groups adjacent to the hotspot. For all simulations, P w = 0.06. (TIF) Figure S4 Traveler-resident contact patterns. Each graph shows the relationship between the distance of a group from the hotspot and (a) the number of other groups that travel through its territory when travelling to and from the hotspot, (b) the number of resident groups it encounters when travelling to and from the hotspot. Values are based on encounters occurring during 100 time steps, in the absence of disease transmission. (TIF)