The DON concentrations used in this study (200-1000 ng/ ml) are consistent with those predicted to be in plasma and tissues (e.g., spleen, liver, and small intestine) of mice treated with immunosuppressive doses ( 2 mg/kg bw) of this toxin (Azcona-Olivera et al., 1995; Li et al., 2005 Li et al., , 2007 . Turner et al. (2010) estimated daily intake of DON in male Normandy farmers to range between 27 and 1088 ng/kg/day. Thus, the concentrations employed in the present study might only likely be encountered in humans that have consumed a large bolus dose of DON in a heavily contaminated cereal.