and so h = (k, g). Minimization was performed using the Downhill Simplex method [20] , the code used for these calculations is given in Code S1 and Code S2; to ensure the global minimum is reached, the procedure was run from 10000 different starting points. We further investigated whether the generation time distribution changed after control measures were introduced. To do this, we extended the above model to allow for distinct parameters for the generation times before and after controls, h pre and h post , see Code S3 and Code S4. The improvement in fit compared to the original model was assessed using a likelihood ratio test.