Although the results of rituximab (a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody) plus chemotherapy for a wide variety of B-cell lymphomas, including DLBCL and MALT lymphoma, have been encouraging [20, 21] , the role of rituximab in PPL treatment is unclear. In this study, we did a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of rituximab in the management of primary pulmonary B-cell lymphoma. Patients treated with rituximab tended to have better outcomes, but no statistical difference. Most patients in our study were in early stages. The impact of rituximab could not be demonstrated, possibly because the results of surgery and conventional chemotherapy for early-stage disease were excellent. Multicenter clinical trials will be needed to define the best therapeutic strategies.