Quantitative immunological measurement of two of the differentially expressed proteins identified in this study; haptoglobin and apolipoprotein A-I, in serum samples of healthy controls (n = 20), falciparum malaria (n = 20) and leptospirosis patients (n = 6) were performed using COBAS INTEGRA 400 PLUS system (ROCHE). The serum concentration of those two target proteins in vivax malaria was taken in account for a comparative analysis from our previous report [15] . Crude individual serum samples were subjected directly to immunoturbidimetric quantification using the Tina-quant ver.2 kits (Roche Diagnostics) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Samples and controls were automatically prediluted 1:21 with NaCl solution by the instrument. In this immunological assay the target proteins form precipitates with the specific antiserum which are determined turbidimetrically at 340 nm. Anti-human haptoglobin (rabbit) and Apo A-I (sheep) antibodies were applied for the immunoturbidimetric quantification of haptoglobin and Apo A-I respectively. The instrument was monitored at absorbance measuring mode where the absorbance increase was directly proportional to the concentration of the target proteins.