The 5805 Da protein peak was identified to be Chondroitin sulfate synthase 2 (CHSS2), which is a potential molecule involved in the pathologic process and a potential serum marker for the HBV related hepatic diseases as well. Conclusions: Our results suggest that SELDI-TOF-MS is a usefull technique for differential expressed proteins screening and analysis in HBV related chronic liver disease. CHSS2 may be useful during the developing of HBV related chronic liver disease. Backgound: Clevudine is a new nucleoside analogue with potent antiviral activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, the efficacy and safety of clevudine in cirrhotic patients are not well recognized. This study was conducted to evaluate the early virologic and biochemical response rate as well as safety of clevudine in cirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: 46 patients with chronic HBV infection who visited Korea University Ansan Hospital and Guro Hospital between May 2007 and May 2008 were included. 24 patients had chronic hepatitis B (group A) and 22 had liver cirrhosis (group B). Early virologic response was defined as HBV DNA less than 200 IU/mL at week 12. Early biochemical response was defined to be normalization of ALT (<45 IU/L) at week 12. Result: Pretreatment HBV DNA levels were higher in group A compared with group B (8.06 log IU/mL vs 7.09 log IU/mL, p=0.06). Pretreatment ALT levels were not significantly different between the two groups (166 IU/L vs 139 IU/L, p=0.725). The rate of early virologic response was significantly higher in group B compared with groups A (72.7% vs 33%, p=0.01). The rate of early biochemical response were not significantly different in both groups (75% vs 72.7%, p=0.725). Conclusion: Clevudine is considered to be safe and effective in cirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection as well as chronic hepatitis B patients. Long term safety and efficacy need to be evaluated in the future. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nucleos(t)ide analogues against HBV reactivation in immunosuppression. Methods: Non-active HBsAg carriers suffering from cancer, autoimmune diseases and needing the treatment of immunosuppressants or cytotoxic chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. The outpatients or in-patients from April 2007 to July 2008 were enrolled. The nucleos(t)ide analogues were used in cancer patients 1-2 weeks before chemotherapy, and the duration lasted 6-12 months according to patients' compliance after completion of chemotherapy. Patients with other diseases used nucleos(t)ide analogues in 1-3 months before using glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive agents, and continued to use for 6-12 months after accomplishing the course of immunosuppressant treatment. The characheristics and clinical manifestations about HBV reactivation were investigated. Results: Of the thirty two patients in prospective group, twenty two patients suffered from cancer, eight patients suffered from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, two patients suffered from chronic nephritis. The amount of HBV DNA was detected in the first, third, sixth and 12th month after the use of nucleos(t)ide analogues. After chemotherapy or immunosuppressant treatment, only 9.4% (3 / 32) of them suffered from HBV reactivation, which presented with HBV DNA positive and abnormal liver function. Conclusion: Non-active HBsAg carriers would appear potential incidence of HBV reactivation during use of chemotherapy or immunosuppressant. Nucleos(t)ide analogues could be used in early phase as prophylaxis for reactivation of hepatitis B in immunosuppression and to improve clinical prognosis. Background: HBV therapies are evolving toward combination antivirals. This study evaluated the combination of clevudine (CLV), a potent nucleoside analog, with tenofovir dipivoxil (TDF). Methods: A phase I, single-arm, multi-dose study in 18 healthy adult volunteers to evaluate pharmacokinetic and safety interactions between CLV and TDF. Subjects received 21 days of CLV 30mg followed by 7 days of CLV 30mg +TDF 300mg. PK profiles were obtained on Days 1, 21 and 28. CLV AUC and Cmax were compared on Days 21 and 28. Day 28 tenofovir PK was compared to historical data. Safety assessments were conducted throughout. Results: 18 subjects were enrolled (13M/5F);17 completed the study. The mean (range) age was 37y (22-49) and body mass index (kg/m2) was 27.6 (22.9-31.9). 22 AEs were reported by 6 subjects, with 10 AEs reported during CLV-only dosing and 12 AEs reported during CLV+TDF dosing. AEs included nausea (2) and pharyngolaryngeal pain (2). The majority of the AEs were mild. There were no clinically significant changes in ECGs or laboratory parameters. Comparisons of CLV AUC and Cmax on Day 21 and 28 revealed no significant impact of TDF upon the plasma CLV exposure (D28/D21 AUC ratio=0.98, D28/D21Cmax ratio=0.89). There is no significant effect of CLV on tenofovir when comparing AUC and Cmax of TDF to historical values. Conclusion: Safety and pharmacokinetic results demonstrate that CLV and TDF may be safely co-administered, supporting the further study of this drug combination for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.