One intriguing application of our knowledge about bovine colostral and milk immunoglobulins comes through the opportunity to provide passive immunity against diseases in other species, especially in humans. The ability to direct the cow's immune system to produce antigen-specific antibodies that are secreted in colostrum and milk and may be used to provide protection against a specific disease continues to be an area of interest. For example, the widespread consumption of immune milk from cows inoculated against diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, and other human respiratory diseases, has been suggested as a potential means of slowing outbreaks of the disease before they reach epidemic levels [24] . A number of reviews have summarized and evaluated early attempts to develop and test the use of immune milk products to provide passive immune protection [21] [22] [23] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] . Several immune milk products are available commercially [13, 17, 22, 23, 32] . Safety issues associated with use of bovine immune milk products for human use have been discussed by others [23, [33] [34] [35] . The discussion below provides some examples of immune milk products and their use against some animal and human diseases (sections 2.2-2.7).