In these studies we utilized UV-DENV as a control to identify lipid metabolic changes that occurred upon virus binding and entry alone. This virus is incapable of replication but immunofluorescence microscopy with anti-NS3 antibodies have indicated that there is a very low level of translation that occurs within the first 24 hr (data not shown). Analysis of the lipidome of UV-DENV exposed cells showed a significant difference in the phospholipid and sphingolipid content in comparison to DENV infected cells and the mock control. It is possible that binding, membrane fusion and entry alone, or the expression of viral proteins from the incoming viral RNA triggers the activation of lipases or lipid transport mechanisms that result in the differences observed in the lipidome of the cells. This has been shown for other viruses. Jan et al. have shown that binding and entry alone of Sindbis virus triggered the activation of sphingomyelinases that degraded membrane bound SM to Cer [52] . It has also been shown that viruses induced apoptotic-signaling cascades upon binding and entry alone [53] [54] [55] . These cascades may either result from or induce lipolysis or lipid transfer between compartments in the cell.