Curcumin treatment could complement the antiviral activity of the nucleotide/nucleoside analogues, which are considered as the gold standards for anti-HBV therapy. The combination of Lamivudine and curcumin treatments resulted in an enhanced suppression of HBV expression by up to 75%, as compared to nontreated cells. These results suggest that curcumin may work synergistically with the current anti-HBV nucleotide/nucleoside analogous, and that this combination may result in a better suppression of HBV. Moreover, curcumin inhibits HBV gene expression and replication, by downregulating PGC-1alpha, a starvationinduced protein that initiates the gluconeogenesis cascade and that has been shown to robustly coactivate HBV transcription [50, 51] .