If we are to use the presumed consent argument, then the findings of this study indicate that when a new epidemic of a contagious disease occurs, or when the medical profession is confronted with a disease for which no immunization or treatment options are available, some HCWs are not bound by the duty to treat according to the presumed consent argument. This seems potentially problematic and demands serious consideration. How appropriate is it to describe the healthcare provider's responsibility and duty as stemming from their 'consent'? To address this question, it is helpful to reflect on the conditions required for an individual to be able to give consent that is well-informed.