Bone marrow-derived DC were prepared, pulsed with peptides and injected into mice as previously described [51] . Briefly, 5610 5 LPS-matured DC were left uncoated, coated with S598 or S598 Q600Y peptides and injected via tail vein into groups of 4week-old mice. Seven days following DC-vaccination, mice were infected intranasally with 4610 4 PFU of JHMV. Seven days following virus infection, brains were harvested from mice and the frequencies of epitope-specific CD8 T cells were determined by ex vivo stimulation and intracellular cytokine staining as described above. In independent studies, DC-S598 and DC-S598 Q600Y priming was verified by harvesting spleens from several mice seven days following DC-vaccination.