Overall, host DEAD-box or related RNA helicases have been shown to affect many different aspects of virus infections, including translation of viral proteins [58] [59] [60] ; viral RNA replication [61] [62] [63] [64] ; reverse transcription [65] ; the activity of anti-viral proteins [66, 67] , and virus-mediated regulation of host gene transcription [68] . Interestingly, Ded1p is known to affect minus-strand synthesis during replication of the L-A dsRNA virus of yeast [69] , suggesting that the use of DEAD-box helicases is wide-spread among RNA viruses.