This step was designed to provide posterior distributions for the BEAST inference 4. ALN3 (28 full length ORFs with both E-gene and the recombinant fragment omitted) was analyzed the same way as ALN2-2. The mode and parameters of posterior distributions for the root height, tMRCA(Neudoerfl-Hypr) and tMRCA(LIV & SSEV) were estimated in order to be incorporated as priors in the following step.