The anticancer herbal drugs can be divided into three categories based on their target: (i) drugs that uniquely target topoisomerases (Topos) and perturb DNA replication; (ii) drugs that kill tumor cells through apoptotic pathways; (iii) drugs that alter signaling pathway(s) required for the maintenance of transforming phenotypes of the tumor cells. The cellular and animal studies have provided strong molecular evidences for the anticancer activities of the herbal medicine; however, several important questions remain to be answered. Specifically, three specific issues that will require focused attention: (i) more well-designed clinical trials to support the effectiveness and the safety of TCM in the management of cancers; (ii) new parameters based on the unique properties and theory of TCM to assess the clinical efficacy of TCM in clinical trials; (iii) new approaches to research, given the nature of TCM herbs as being fundamentally different from drugs. Undoubtedly, a clinical study of TCM treatment is more difficult and complicated than the study of single compound drugs. In addition, the effects, as well as the toxicity, of individual herbs or single compounds derived from the herb cannot completely reflect the benefits and toxicity of the herbal combination [162] . As a goal, to develop TCM into rational cancer therapy, more well-designed intensive clinical evaluations and translational laboratory studies are absolutely needed. Also, close collaboration between TCM and conventional Western medicine professions and a combination of TCM with modern multidisciplinary cutting-edge technologies, such as omic methodology on systems biology [163] , would provide us with an attractive and effective strategy to achieve this goal. Although there are many therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy to treat cancer, high systemic toxicity and drug resistance limit the success full outcomes in most cases. Accordingly, several new strategies are being developed to control and treat cancer. One approach could be a combination of and effective phytochemicals with chemotherapeutic agent, which, when combined, would enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity to tissues [164] .