The concept of using multiplex PCR to detect FMDV and its serotypes has also been examined by others [151, 152] . An advantage of multiplex PCR systems, compared with probebased assays, is that the intrinsic design does not rely on a probe for a single conserved gene or region of the genome. Rather, the multiplex system is designed to survey multiple regions of the genome simultaneously, thereby increasing the probability of detection [153] . To date, these mPCR assays are limited to partial serotyping of FMDV because no existing multiplex PCR assay offer complete coverage for all seven serotypes [154] . Multiplex PCR for differential diagnosis of various vesicular diseases like Vesicular Stomatitis, Swine Vesicular Disease, Vesicular Exanthema, and FMDV have also been described [38, 155] . Recently, mPCR for differentiation of Indian FMDV serotypes has been developed and evaluated on tongue epithelium and cell culture samples [37] . In the earlier studies, we have showed that multiplex PCR are more sensitive than sandwich ELISA and virus isolation for detection of FMDV from clinical materials [101] .