Total T cells were first enriched with T cells using nylon wool columns, and then subjected to isolation of mouse CD4 + T cells using the (L3T4) MicroBeads, and CD8 + T cells using the mouse CD8a (Ly-2) MicroBeads as instructed (Miltenyi Biotec, CA)., pDCs were isolated using a mouse Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II as instructed (Miltenyi Biotec, CA). The purified CD4 + T cells (5610 6 ), CD8 + T cells (5610 6 ), pDCs (5610 5 ) and total splenocytes (5610 6 ) originated from recipients with long-term survival allograft were then adoptively transferred into naive recipients, respectively. One day after the adoptive transfer, the mice were transplanted with cardiac allografts and monitored for allograft survival as described above.