The electrode fabrication process, namely, confirmation of binding of recognition elements onto the gold electrode was characterized by EIS and CV, while EIS was used for target detection. Electrochemical measurements including EIS and CV were performed in 1 mM ferricyanide in 0.1 M KCl (Nyquist plot). CV experiments were carried out in unstirred solutions at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s and at a fixed potential window of −0.5 to 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Impedance measurements were carried out in the frequency range from 10 4 down to 0.1 Hz with AC amplitude of 5 mV and bias potential of 0.22 V.