Exposure-related disease refers to diseases caused by a sufficient level of exposure (dose) to components with target organ contact, and subsequent biologic changes and clinical expression. Many agents have been associated with pulmonary complications of various types including ILD. The adult literature has provided extensive lists of candidate molecules [93] . In children, the potential involvement of these molecules is not similar as the environmental conditions and the use of therapeutic drugs differ. It is important to point out that exposure-related diseases are certainly under-estimated in the pediatric age. One reason is linked to the fact that the diagnosis is less often discussed than in adults as pediatricians and other child health care providers do not usually have the expertise necessary to take an environmental history. In this review, the most frequent causes of exposure-related ILD are discussed.