Increased oxidative stress in CNS is a major outcome of JEV infection [20] . To evaluate whether MO treatment of mice resulted in abrogation of oxidative stress following JEV infection, we measured ROS and NO levels in brain homogenate obtained from all treatment groups. Two fold increases were observed in the ROS levels in the brain samples of JEV and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01), significant reduction in the ROS levels were observed in JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups when compared to only JEV-infected groups (p,0.01). Although ROS levels has decreased in JEV+39 MO group when compared to JEV group, it remained significantly higher than that of Sham (p,0.01) ( Figure 5A ). Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and Thioredoxin (TRX-1) are the proteins associated with oxidative stress. SOD-1 levels were found to be elevated approximately 2-and 3-fold in JEV-infected and JEV+SC-MO groups respectively when compared to Sham (p,0.01). Its levels in JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups were reduced significantly when compared to JEV-infected group (p,0.01). TRX-1 levels were also found to be increased significantly in JEV-infected and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01) but it were significantly reduced in brain samples obtained from JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups when compared to only JEVinfected groups (p,0.01) (Figure 5B, D&E) . HSP-70 is a heat shock Vivo-Morpholino in Japanese Encephalitis www.plosntds.org protein that has been associated with intracellular stress. Significant twelve fold increases in the levels of HSP-70 were observed in JEV and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01), this drastic increases in the levels of HSP-70 in JEV and JEV+SC-MO groups were reduced in JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups (p,0.01) ( Figure 5B&C ).