We have previously investigated the association between DC-SIGN-related (DC-SIGNR, encoded by CD209L) genetic variants and MTCT of HIV-1 in the same subset of infants [22] . DC-SIGNR is a DC-SIGN homologue expressed at the cell-surface of endothelial cells of placental capillaries [30] . DC-SIGNR promoter p-198A and intron 2 180A variants were significantly associated with increased risk of MTCT. When adjustment was made for all the significant DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR associations in logistic regression analysis, DC-SIGN exon 4 242V (OR: 5.03, 95% CI: 1.18-21.4, P = 0.0275) and DC-SIGNR intron 2 180A (OR: 6.93, 1.51-31.7, P = 0.0119) variants remained associated with increased risk of IU transmission, suggesting that DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR are independent predictors of IU of HIV-1 among Zimbabweans. 