The profile of TNF-a responses by CBA was very similar to that of IFN-c ( Figure S3 ). For all viral antigens (except FluM-Ni-NTA), TNF-a responses were statistically significant compared to controls for cultures stimulated at 1:100 dilution with IVTT products purified using NI-NTA resin ( Figure S3A ) or MagneHis Niparticles ( Figure S3B ). Responses were also significant at 1:1,000 dilutions for CMVpp65 and EBNA3 all purified using NI-NTA resin or MagneHis Ni-particles; and FluHA purified with MagneHis Ni-particles. The TNF-a profile was also similar to that of IFN-c for unpurified and bead-associated IVTT products, with the highest responses almost always detected at 1:10,000 (except for EBNA3) (Figures S3C-E) . However, none of these TNF-a responses were statistically significant (except for unpurified CMVpp65 at 1:10,000), as noted above for IFN-c. The overall level of TNF-a was enhanced by association to Polybeads and Protein G beads, relative to unpurified IVTT products (up to 7-fold with EBNA3A-Polybeads at 1:100 dilution).