However, relatively little is known about the recommended handwashing behavior, especially in combination with face mask wearing behavior, to prevent AI. Therefore, considering the modes of AI transmission taking place at traditional markets in Taiwan as reviewed earlier, the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the recommended AI preventive behavior (i.e., when in a traditional market, wearing a face mask and washing hands after any contact with poultry) among traditional market workers and shoppers in Taiwan and examined their knowledge and risk perception in relation to AI preventive behavior.