Virulence factors of human fungal pathogens can also be identified in Drosophila (Ben-Ami et al., 2010; Chamilos et al., 2010; Chamilos et al., 2008; Lamaris et al., 2007) . For example, gliotoxin produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is required for virulence of this pathogen in both flies and mice (Spikes et al., 2008) , and Cas5 has been shown to be a transcription factor regulating a set of genes required for integrity of the cell wall of C. albicans . Adult flies have also been used as an intact organism to screen for drugs that block fungal infection (Chamilos et al., 2006a; Chamilos et al., 2006b; Lamaris et al., 2009; Lamaris et al., 2008; Lionakis et al., 2005) .