Learning Objectives: 1. To become familiar with the potential risks of using iodine or gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with renal impairment. 2. To know how to reduce the risk of these potential risks. The global prevalence of renal insufficiency (RI) in the population is increasing. RI may be classified depending on 1. the clinical type: acute, intermittent and chronic; 2 the stage: mild to severe; and 3. the cause: pre-renal, renal, post-renal or urinary obstruction. An appropriate management of RI may lead to decrease of morbidity and mortality, especially in intensive care units or among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The role of imaging is based on a multimodality approach, with ultrasound, CT, MRI and scintigraphy providing both morphological and functional information, including split renal function and glomerular filtration rate measurements. Several strategies in key clinical situations, including renal artery stenosis, parenchymal diseases, and obstructive uropathy will be discussed in the adult and paediatric population.In chronic ESRD, the development of acquired multicystic disease is frequently observed on native and transplanted kidneys. Primary malignancy of the kidney allograft is not an exceptional condition in the long term and may justify regular screening by imaging, with potential diagnostic difficulties in differentiating cysts and tumours. In case of a tumour, imaging is helpful in selecting the appropriate surgical or percutaneous procedure, with the objective of transplant nephron sparing. Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most effective orthopaedic reconstruction procedures and is predicted to have ever-increasing patient volumes. Outcome assessment has become a sub-specialty in its own right attracting a large volume of scientific research and coverage in leading orthopaedic journals. The goal is for the hip replacement to outlive its recipient! Imaging plays a pivotal role in the assessment of its clinical outcomes, detection of failure and assessment of complications. There are multiple risk factors including patient selection, patient age, gender, primary hip disease, body weight, geometry of prosthesis, surface texture, type of metal, durability of bearing surface, bearing surface coupling, type of prosthesis, etc., which the radiologist needs to be familiar with when called to interpret post-operative imaging. In addition, bone remodelling also takes place around the prosthetic components resulting in altered bone density and morphological changes, which although normal may also increase the risk of fracture. These risks do not only operate in isolation, but are also inter-related. Component position related to surgical technique and proficiency is crucial, as it has been consistently shown that proper positioning is critical for the stability of the implant, fixation durability and optimum bearing surfaces wear. The three speakers will address the role of imaging with a view of differentiating the expected "normal" changes and appearances from developing peri-prosthetic complications. Session Objectives: