For the pharmaceutical and health care industries, genetic testing could provide information about the shape of future markets and the possible tailoring of specifi c pharmacotherapy to genomic susceptibility. For governments, genetic testing may provide predictive information on a population basis that could aid future health care planning. Genetic information might also be similarly used by the insurance industry, but the identifi cation of genetically "high-risk" individuals would likely interfere with their autonomy, in that they may not be able to purchase health insurance. For example, the Apolipoprotein E test may indicate that an individual has two copies of one form (allele e4) of the gene that leads to Alzheimer disease [9] . Could this information be used by insurance companies or possible employers to deny insurability, despite no current adverse health effects?