These results imply that nodes in dense and complex neighborhoods that dominate the network are vital for normal cellular functioning and signaling. Hence, they might be targets for new therapeutic exploitation. Further algorithmic improvements would aid in more precise identification of these new targets. Neglected Disease – African Sleeping Sickness: Recent Synthetic and Modeling Advances Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) also called sleeping sickness is caused by subspecies of the parasitic hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei that mostly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. The current chemotherapy of the human trypanosomiases relies on only six drugs, five of which have been developed more than 30 years ago, have undesirable toxic side effects and most of them show drug-resistance. Though development of new anti-trypanosomal drugs seems to be a priority area research in this area has lagged far behind. The given review mainly focus upon the recent synthetic and computer based approaches made by various research groups for the development of newer anti-trypanosomal analogues which may have improved efficacy and oral bioavailability than the present ones. The given paper also attempts to investigate the relationship between the various physiochemical parameters and anti-trypanosomal activity that may be helpful in development of potent anti-trypanosomal agents against sleeping sickness. African sleeping sickness remains one of the most neglected life threatening diseases that have been left untreated till date. Two forms of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) have been identified that are parasite dependent. The first one Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) causes a human chronic infection, endemic in Western and Central Africa while the other Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. b. rhodesiense) has a vast animal reservoir and causes acute illness in people in eastern and Southern African countries. HAT has high occurance in the remote rural areas, where the surveillance is weak or nonexistent, with 50 to 70 thousand estimated cases. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimation there are half-million cases of HAT or "sleeping sickness" resulting from infections with T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense. WHO has attributed 50.000 deaths annually to the disease [1] . By more recent estimates, up to 25.000 new cases occur per year, and 50 million people are at risk [2, 3] .