However, compared with the well-established central effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7), there are very few studies supporting the central nervous system effects of ACE2. Most of the studies have focused on the role of ACE2 in the kidney, heart, lung, liver, and other peripheral tissues, as evidenced by the numerous reviews on ACE2 [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . However, with the discovery of ACE2 in the brain, the role of ACE2 in the central nervous system gained increasing attention from the scientific community. In recent years, growing evidence has demonstrated the important role of ACE2 in the central nervous system, such as in blood pressure control [28, 29•, 30 , 31••].We previously reviewed the central effects of ACE2 and discussed the potential for this carboxypeptidase as a new target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [6] . In this report, we updated this information by reviewing the recent discoveries of the past 1 year to 2 years, specifically focusing on the role of ACE2 in the brain RAS and its effects on central regulation of cardiovascular function.