Understanding the factors that may increase the FIV transmission rate within populations requires the sampling of a set of neighboring cat populations (which, until now, has rarely been done), and then examination of how FIV prevalence correlates with the suspected risk factors. For that purpose, we sampled 15 cat populations in North-Eastern France and measured, within each population, FIV prevalence in males and females. We found significant variability in disease prevalence between populations, especially in males. We also measured five social indicators in order to measure how they correlated with FIV prevalence.