According to Yu et al. [101] , the crux of the problem of journals in mainland China is that their model of operations remains that of planned economy, rendering them unfit to compete in today's Chinese market economy. As of 2006, eighteen of the 31 journals were distributed internationally, mainly through the agency of international publishing groups, like Elsevier, Nature, Springer and Blackwell. Through collaboration with these publishing groups, Chinese journals can benefit in terms of efficiency, economy of scales and share of the international market. Not only does this illustrate the feasibility of international collaboration, but it also provides Chinese publishers a model of development into a commercially viable publishing group of scientific periodicals. However, only seven of these 18 journals achieved an international circulation of more than 100 copies. This reflects the difficulty of breaking through into the international market.