Ultrasound (US) has gained widespread acceptance as an accurate, dynamic, non invasive and inexpensive modality to assess joints, tendons, muscles, nerves and vessels of the extremities. The couple US-standard radiographs, obtained after a good clinical examination, allow a correct diagnosis in most patients and orient towards more expensive imaging technique in the remaining patients. In this lecture we will recall the fundamental practical rules of musculoskeletal US examination. Then we will present the basic normal and pathologic US appearance and the role of US in the clinical workup of the main disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In the head and neck, a great number of anatomical structures and functions are concentrated within a very confined area. Some of these structures allow us to explore the surrounding environment through "senses" like sight, hearing, smell and taste. Others, as the larynx and pharynx, perfectly organise and coordinate breathing and swallowing. Also, the combination of voice and hearing permits a sophisticated interaction with the other humans. Surprisingly, all these functions are provided by miniaturised structures. Hence, miniaturisation is the least common denominator of the head and neck field. To image these structures and to identify subtle abnormalities requires the combination of two main factors. The first is the availability of high spatial and high-contrast resolution imaging techniques. Today, "high" goes beyond MSCT, high field MR, CBCT and PET-CT, getting to high-resolution hybrid imaging like MR-PET. The second factor is an adequate knowledge of anatomy, functions and physiopathology. In fact, if not properly trained, the radiologist might not be able either to correctly perform the examination -though using advanced imaging equipment -or to detect key findings for diagnosis and treatment planning. So far, parallel to technical progress, a whole community of radiologists has been walking, sharing a true enthusiasm for the fascinating depths of the head and neck imaging field, like small -very small indeed -structures and complex lesions. And today, the real challenge is to transmit and share this interest, enticing those young radiologists willing to voyage into the future of this wonderful "inner space". The tumour microenvironment plays a major role in determining tumour response to radiation therapy or chemotherapy. As a key factor, tumour hypoxia is considered to be a therapeutic problem, as it makes solid tumours resistant to ionising radiation and some forms of chemotherapy. Overall, it has been shown that modification of tumour hypoxia significantly improved the effect of radiotherapy for the outcome of loco-regional control and with an associated significant overall survival benefit. Therefore, the predictive value of imaging markers of response to treatment is of crucial importance in the management of cancer patients in order to improve the therapeutic index by allowing better individualisation of treatment. In parallel, innovative therapies able to modulate the microenvironment such as flow and oxygenation are currently being developed in order to improve treatment outcome. In this lecture, we will discuss how it is possible to get parametric oxygen images from tumours or surrogate imaging markers of tumour hypoxia (MRI and PET). We will also discuss Learning Objectives: 1. To define structured reporting and its role in radiology. 2. To become familiar with current efforts for structured reporting of imaging procedures. 3. To identify how report consistency will promote the quality of radiology services.