There remains a relative dearth of global gene expression studies involving human specimens. This is somewhat surprising given that mesial temporal lobectomy, hippocampectomy and amygdalectomy is a well-accepted treatment option for medically refractory MTLE in carefully selected cases giving a readily available source of hippocampal specimens (96) . Four studies have been reported utilizing microarray (3) and SAGE (1) of which only three dealt with MTLE patients.