of BE. Components of TA were separated by HPLC, and active fractions were identified with a glucose uptake assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (29) . The study led to the discovery of penta-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose (PGG) as the most effective compound in TA (Fig. 5, 39 ). Both anomers of PGG occur in nature (40) . The a-anomer was found to be slightly more active than the b-form in its glucose transport stimulatory activity (39) .