High-mobility group box 1 is a histone that plays a role in the coordination of inflammatory pathways. Barnay-Verdier et al. [26] demonstrated the presence of antibodies directed against high-mobility group box 1 in plasma samples from patients with sepsis. The presence of these antibodies could play a protective role, since the mortality was found to be lower in patients with the highest levels. Moreover, the emergence of these antibodies during the course of sepsis was detected more often in survivors than in nonsurvivors.