Although expression of IFN alpha and beta was shown to be inhibited in human cell lines after NiV infection [20] , human primary endothelial cells seem to be resistant to this inhibition [21] . Our study demonstrated that a few other members of interferon type I pathway, including MxA, RIGI, 2959-OAS 1 and 2, are highly expressed early after NiV infection, suggesting a functional interferon pathway in NiV-infected human endothelial cells.