Under IHR (2005), new powers for WHO include an information-gathering responsibility that is not limited solely to offi cial state notifi cations or consultations but covers all available scientifi c evidence and other relevant information. WHO can consult nonoffi cial reports and require countries to collaborate with a request for verification. WHO is also empowered to recommend and coordinate measures that will help contain the international spread of disease, including public health actions at ports, airports, and land borders, and on means of transportation that involve international travel.