The potential of E5564 as a sepsis treatment was addressed by Kaneko et al. (76) , Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis indicated that E5564 binds to LPS binding protein (LBP), in a manner similar to LPS. Blood withdrawn from healthy volunteers was treated with heparin to prevent clotting. At doses of E5564 relevant to its clinical use (i.e. 6 μg/ml), antibodies against LBP did not influence either the distribution of E5564 to non-HDL lipoprotein fractions or the transfer of E5564 from non-HDLs to HDL. LBP binds E5564 in a manner similar to LPS, but does not play a role in E5564 redistribution/binding to lipoprotein and plasma clearance.