Nowadays, it is clear that CD8 + T cells play an important role in the mechanisms for cure of and resistance to Leishmania infection, either by production of IFN-γ and activation of macrophages, or by direct killing of parasitized macrophages, or a combination of both effects. CD8 + T cells have been associated with protection against Leishmania reinfection in murine models; however, the induction of these T cell subsets in humans seems to be also related to the healing process. Today, there are several reports about different leishmanial antigens eliciting CTL responses such as P8, gp46 , HASPB1 (Stager et al., 2000) , Kmp11 (Basu et al., 2007) , CPB (Rafati et al., 2002) , nucleosomal histones (Iborra et al., 2004) , LmaCIN (Farajnia et al., 2005) , LmsTI1, and TSA (Coler et al., 2002) .