Due to the high antigenic variability of FMDV, it is important to undertake mutation analysis under immunological pressure. To study the bovine antibody response at a molecular level, phage display technology was used to produce bovine anti-FMDV Fabs where CH1-VH chains with FMDV specific binding was isolated after selection from a library made from vaccinated cattle [224] . Recently, screening a phage displayed random 12-peptide library, it was found that positive phages displaying the consensus motif ETTXLE (X is any amino acid (aa)), which is highly homologous to 6ETTLLE11 at the N-terminus of the VP2 protein (structural protein) of the FMDV, a minimal epitopic region require to bind a monoclonal antibody of serotype independent FMDV (MAb 4B2) and thus can be used as a universal diagnostic candidate against.