Stringent inclusion criteria were employed during the selection of malaria patients and controls (HC and FC) to reduce preanalytical variations. Malaria patients (FM and VM) selected for this proteomic analysis were suffering from uncomplicated, nonsevere plasmodial infections with comparable range of parasitemia. Blood samples were collected from the malaria patients before administration of any antimalarial drugs. Majority of the patients were suffering their first episode of malaria, while some of the subjects had a past history of this disease (relapse or recurrent). The average age of the FM and VM patients included in this proteomic analysis was 34.2 years (SD = 10.93; range 20-53; median 35) and 32.9 years (SD = 10.76; range 20-52; median 32), respectively (Table 1) . To maintain uniform population profiles of test (FM and VM) and controls (HC and FC) for differential protein expression analysis, healthy and febrile control (leptospirosis patients) populations with comparable age distribution; mean values 33.4 years (SD = 8.69; range 20-44; median 31.6) and 30.5 years (SD = 8.31; range 23-42; median 26.5), respectively for HC and FC, were selected ( Table 1) .