Sepsis is considered a well-established risk factor for AKI, with sepsis-associated AKI showing a very modest prognosis, substantiated by mortality rates of up to 75% [12] . On the other hand, AKI itself is considered a systemic disease associated with impaired immune function. Mehta et al. [13] investigated the frequency and the clinical consequences when sepsis developed as a complication of AKI in 618 critically ill patients from the multicentre PICARD study. They found that about 40% of the patients developed sepsis at a median of 5 days after AKI, with similar consequences for outcome as seen in sepsis-associated AKI itself. This study demonstrates the importance of preventing AKI as well as taking measures against infections in patients already suffering from AKI to avoid consecutive development of sepsis.