At 7 and 30 weeks post-immunization, chronic portal inflammation and granulomas were observed in all mice, irrespective of the antigen used (Table I, Fig. 3a and b) . Mild bile duct injuries were prevalent as demonstrated by the irregular arrangement of the biliary epithelium (Fig. 3c) . Moreover, significant lymphoid cell infiltration into the biliary epithelium and isolated apoptotic biliary FIGURE 1 Immunization of SJL/J mice with PDC-E2 induces AMA. Sera isolated from SJL/J mice immunized with PDC-E2 as well as PBC patient sera recognized PDC-E2 (74 kD) and OGDC (48 kD). Lanes 1 and 2 represent sera isolated at 7 weeks from mice immunized with PDC-E2. Lane 3 represents sera isolated at 7 weeks from a mouse immunized with a-casein. Lanes 4 and 5 represent sera isolated at 30 weeks from mice immunized with PDC-E2. Lane 6 represents sera isolated at 30 weeks from mice immunized with a-casein. Lane 7 is serum from a PBC patient. epithelial cells were observed in all groups. Of note, this pathology was observed in both small and large bile ducts (data not shown). Loss of bile ducts and destruction of the portal tracts leading to cirrhosis failed to develop in any mice.