MTCT of HIV-1 can occur during pregnancy (in utero, IU), at delivery (intrapartum, IP) and via breastfeeding (postpartum, PP). HIV-1 can cross the placental barrier in utero either by microtransfusion or by transcytosis across the trophoblast cell layer [2] . IP transmission may occur through direct contact between infant mucosa and HIV-1 infected maternal blood and/ or cervico-vaginal secretions [2] . Finally, HIV-1 in breast milk may result in PP infection of the newborn through mucosal exposure [2] . High maternal viral loads in serum and breast milk and low CD4 cell count as well as obstetric factors such as preterm delivery, vaginal delivery, and prolonged membrane rupture have been correlated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 [2, 3] .