The Fluidigm digital array is a novel nanofluidic biochip where digital PCR reactions can be performed (14, 15) . Utilizing nanoscale valves and pumps, the digital array delivers up to 12 mixtures of sample and PCR reagents into 12 individual panels. Each panel contains 765 independent 6-nl chambers. This nanofluidic platform utilizes soft lithography and silicone rubber to create nanoscale valves and pumps that can be used in serial or parallel applications. The digital array is composed of a PDMS (silicone rubber) Integrated Fluidic Circuit, an Integrated Heat Spreader to ensure rapid heat transfer and temperature uniformity within the array and an SBS-formatted carrier with inputs and pressure accumulator to act as an interface between the user and the PDMS chip. There are 12 carrier inputs corresponding to 12 separate sample inputs to the chip. Individual samples of a minimum volume of 8 ml each are delivered into 765 6-nl preprogrammed partitioning chambers in the chip by pressure-driven 'blind filling' in the PDMS. Control lines are primed with control fluid and are pressurized to actuate valves between the reaction chambers. The valves partition individual chambers that are kept closed during the PCR experiment.