Learning Objectives: 1. To know the different imaging methods for the detection and staging of renal cell carcinoma. CT urography is defined as CT examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder with at least one imaging series acquired during the excretory phase of contrast enhancement. The principal reason for the existence of CT urography is for diagnosing UUT-UCC. In adults, CT urography is now the preferred initial examination for patients with haematuria at high risk for upper urinary tract urothelial cell cancer (UUT-UCC). CT urography is evaluated for diagnosing UUT-UCC by analysis of results from haematuria clinics as well as by comparison studies using ultrasound, excretory urography and retrograde ureteropyelography. Technical aspects of image acquisition and processing will be explored and technical tips relating to protocol design given to optimise CT urography for diagnosing UUT-UCC.The principal problems with using CT urography for diagnosing UUT-UCC are reader error and false-positive diagnoses. Solutions to the problems will be proposed. Use of a formative teaching programme with the aim of reducing reader error will be put forward. A radiologically guided method for upper tract lesion biopsy will be The addition of 3D and 4D techniques to ultrasound in the area of obstetrical and gynaecologic ultrasound has expanded the diagnostic capabilities of the modality and has provided a means to improve scanning efficiency. For gynaecologic images, 4D acquisitions of the uterus permit real-time visualisation of the coronal plane of the uterus, a plane that cannot be imaged with conventional ultrasound. This coronal plane is ideal for assessing the uterine shape and contour to diagnose duplication anomalies, for presence and position of masses such as fibroids and polyps, and for IUD placement. In obstetrical imaging, anomalies of the face and extremities, including facial clefts, limb reduction defects, and abnormal posturing of the hands and feet, are best visualised using 3D imaging with surface rendering. Anomalies of the spine and extremities can be assessed with 3D imaging in skeletal mode to provide an image similar to an x-ray, for evaluation of such abnormalities as hemivertebrae and skeletal dysplasias. With respect to scan efficiency, 3D sonography permits acquisition of a volume or several volumes of data in just a few minutes. After the patient has left, these volumes can be rendered into sectional planes for interpretation on the workstation, or they can be manipulated into the usual scanning planes for measurements and diagnosis. Storing 3D volumes for subsequent interpretation can diminish scanning time significantly with no loss of diagnostic accuracy. Users are discovering that this is not just an additional way to image, but with innovative thinking, volume acquisition ultrasound can change the way we practice or deliver a service; often this is has the double benefit of greater efficiency and greater accuracy. This presentation will review the latest volume ultrasound technology, outline the basic concepts and techniques and provide evidence of how this can change our approach to general imaging with ultrasound.