After the nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm of the infected cell, transcription and replication of the viral RNA genome takes place (Figure 7 ). The first morphological sign of viral replication observed by EM analysis is the appearance of granular material containing RNA and viral proteins in the cytoplasm of the infected cells at 12 h post infection. Later on, tubular structures can be detected in the granular material representing the newly synthesized nucleocapsids embedded in the viral inclusions [63] . While experimental data on the sites of MARV replication and transcription are not available, recent studies on EBOV have shown that viral replication takes place in the inclusions, while transcription was observed prior to inclusion formation [184] .