Death occurred in three out of 17 patients were no pathogen was defined (17.6%); in nil out of three patients infected by atypical pathogens (0%); in three out of seven patients (42.9%) infected by Gram-negative bacteria; and in three out of nine patients (33.3%) infected by Gram-positive cocci or H. influenzae (p: 0.034 between grouping according to pathogen). Survival of patients with sTREM-1 on day 1 below or equal to 180 pg/ml was prolonged compared with patients with sTREM-1 on day 1 above 180 pg/ml ( Figure 4) . 