Numerous clinical trials of therapeutic immunization exploited the conventional prophylactic hepatitis B surface antigen-(HBsAg-) based protein vaccines. These studies demonstrated reductions in viremia, HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion, and HBV-specific T cell responses in some patients. However, the anti-viral effect was only transient and did not lead to an effective control of the HBV [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] . Combination of the HBsAg protein vaccines with antiviral treatment with lamivudine did not lead to a satisfactory improvement of the therapies [66] [67] [68] .