In this report, we show that Ceacam1, which is found on both donor alloreactive T cells as well as non-hematopoietic tissues such as gastrointestinal and hepatic epithelium, can regulate both donor T cell function and the sensitivity of allo-BMT recipients to radiation-containing preparative regimens. In addition, Ceacam1 on donor T cells and tumors may modulate GVT activity. Ceacam1 on both the donor allograft and recipient tissues thus appears to represent an important regulator of GVHD and GVT morbidity and mortality via both T cell dependent and independent mechanisms, suggesting that therapeutic approaches which modulate Ceacam1 may need to assess and balance GVHD vs. GVT.