The understanding of parvovirus evolution has changed greatly over the years. Initially, parvoviruses were thought to evolve slowly relative to RNA viruses due to the utilization of the high-fidelity host DNA polymerase during replication. This was also supported by the very limited sequence diversity of the human pathogenic parvovirus B19 that were known at the time. However, studies examining the evolutionary rate of different parvoviruses suggested that the evolutionary rates of parvoviruses are generally fast and comparable to those of RNA viruses. Moreover, a broad range of rates have been observed for different viruses: 1.7610 24 substitution/site/year (s/s/yr) in canine parvovirus, 9.4610 25 s/ s/yr in the closely related feline panleukopenia parvovirus [23] , 8.6610 24 s/s/yr in human bocavirus [41] , 1610 24 s/s/yr in parvovirus B19 [42] . In particular, it has been inferred that the evolutionary rate were as high as 0.727.1610 23 s/s/yr during the time interval from which canine parvovirus emerged. The discovery of additional genotypes of parvovirus B19 has also bolstered the view of parvoviruses as fast-evolving viruses [43, 44] .