To test if eEF1Bc is also needed for the replication of other plant RNA viruses, we infected eEF1Bc-silenced N. benthamiana leaves with the unrelated Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA ( Figure 8A ). We found that the severe symptoms caused by TMV were greatly ameliorated in eEF1Bc knock-down plants ( Figure 8A ). Accumulation of TMV genomic RNA was also dramatically reduced in both inoculated ( Figure 8B ) and systemically-infected ( Figure 8C ) leaves of the eEF1Bc knock-down plants. Based on these data, eEF1Bc seems to be needed for TMV replication and/or spread in plants. Thus, our data have revealed new functions for eEF1Bc in plant RNA virus replication and spread.