Although not statistically significant, the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in survivors compared with nonsurvivors, which could explain the higher incidence of VAP in the formers. Our study has some methodological limitations. First, the information was obtained retrospectively from chart review and probably was not as complete and accurate as when data collection is done prospectively. Certain important factors that have been suggested as risk factors for mortality could not be included. Second, it must be considered that this is a single center study with small sample size. Despite these limitations, our results provide important implications for similar demographic areas and clinical settings.