Disadvantages are poor sonographic access in some patients (mainly obese) and operator dependence. All common liver lesions display characteristic dynamic enhancement patterns on CEUS in the arterial, portal venous and delayed phase. This is used for lesion classification and characterisation. Furthermore, the fact that the vast majority of malignant lesions appear hypoenhancing on delayed phase imaging is exploited to improve detection of malignant lesions. Typical features of common benign and malignant lesions as well as clinical indications for CEUS of the liver will be discussed. Detection of focal renal lesions is very common in the clinical practice. Most renal lesions are non specific on baseline ultrasound (US) and require further examination with imaging modalities after the intravenous administration of a contrast agent. US contrast agents are strictly intravascular and unlike CT and MR contrast agents, US contrast agents are not eliminated by the urinary system and can be used in patients with renal failure. The main indication of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the kidney is the characterisation of complex cysts. The detection of enhancing thickened irregular wall or septa or the presence of soft-tissue enhancing mass independent of the wall is the most specific sign suggesting malignancy. Characterisation of complex cysts with CEUS is also very useful when complex masses do not show a conclusive CT/MR diagnosis. CEUS may also help in the characterisation of pseudotumours such as prominent Bertin columns and dromedary hungs. Regarding solid renal tumours, there is an overlap of the enhancement pattern between benign and malignant lesions. For this reason, CEUS is not routinely recommended to detect and characterise solid masses. However, it can help in the differentiation of subtypes of renal cell carcinomas based on tumour vascularity since non clear-cell carcinomas, such as the papillary type, are usually more hypovascular than clear-cell carcinomas. CEUS has also a role in the evaluation of renal perfusion including ischaemia, trauma and complicated pyelonephritis that may in some cases show a focal appearance that mimics a renal tumour. Ultrasound is used for visualisation of vascular pathology in various areas. It is used to evaluate peripheral arterial disease, carotid and vertebral arteries disease, diseases of aorta and its visceral branches and pathology of deep and superficial veins. Although ultrasound is often neglected in imaging of blood vessels accuracy of ultrasound in most areas is comparable with CTA and MRA. Ultrasound has numerous advantages to CTA and MRA, since it is cheap, widely and easily available, non-invasive, safe, with no exposure to ionising radiation, mostly does not require administration of contrast media and can be performed at the patient's bedside. It demonstrates not only morphology of the vessel but also provides important haemodynamic information in real-time. Role of vascular ultrasound is very important in planning of surgical and/or endovascular therapy, in evaluation of immediate success and long-term follow-up after the treatment. Ultrasound is very useful in angio-suite during endovascular procedures, and several cases will be presented to demonstrate usefulness of ultrasound in vascular interventions. Thorough understanding of haemodynamic changes and Doppler physics is needed for adequate interpretation of Doppler findings. Basic technique of vascular US exam will be presented in the lecture, as well as factors that influence morphology of Doppler spectra. Doppler artefacts will be discussed. Various types of normal and pathological Doppler waveforms will be presented. Criteria to establish the diagnosis of stenosis in various arteries will be discussed. Use of ultrasound to diagnose deep venous thrombosis and alternative findings that mimic DVT will be presented. 