Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant inhibition in the expression of different stress related proteins whose levels were elevated following JEV infection. Upon MO treatments there were approximately 4-fold increases in the levels of pNFkB in JEV and Figure 2 . Mice are protected from JEV following MO treatment. The survival of mice following JEV infection was dramatically increased with treatments of both 39 and 59 MO, though the survival in 39 MO treated mice was greater (,90%) than those treated with 59MO (75%) (A). Considerable changes in the average body weights of JEV-infected animals treated with both 39 and 59 MO were not observed when compared to animals belonging to JEV and JEV+ SC-MO groups that showed significant reductions in their body weights from 6 th day post infection till their death. Black arrows points to the days by which all the animals died. (B). Infection with JEV was accompanied with distinct symptoms that were alleviated following treatments with both 39 and 59 MO. Animals were assigned scores according to the symptoms, in a blinded manner. The graph was plotted by taking the scores of one animal that was considered as the representative of that group (C). n = 8 for all experiments; data shown are representative of duplicate sets of experiments. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000892.g002 Vivo-Morpholino in Japanese Encephalitis www.plosntds.org JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01). The levels of pNFkB were found to be significantly reduced in JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups when compared to only JEV-infected groups (p,0.01) ( Figure 6A&B ). Phospho p38 MAPK levels also showed significant 3-fold increases in JEV and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01), its levels were also found to be reduced significantly following treatment with 39 and 59 MO when compared to only JEV-infected groups (p,0.01) ( Figure 6A&C ). Both phospho ERK1 and ERK2 levels were found to be significantly increased in JEV and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham (p,0.01). The levels of phospho ERK1 and ERK2 showed considerable decreases in JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups when compared to only JEV-infected groups (p,0.01) ( Figure 6A&D ).