Many studies shown that GL attenuated inflammatory responses due to decreased activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [87] , moreover, inhibited the production of LPSinduced nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory interleukins as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] , and increased the production of anti-infiammatory interleukins as IL-12 and IL-10 [92] .