Considerable development of the functions 49 or purposes of public health took place during phase one of the project. As discussed above, the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) public health core functions 50 were analysed and distilled into the individual functions of the 'functions' class of version one of a public health 47 Based on WHO 2005 , citing Lalonde 1974 Labonté 1993 . 48 WHO 1998a Function is defined as 'the purpose, role or use of something'; thus, the function of public health is 'to protect and promote health, and to prevent illness, injury and disability' (NPHP 1998) . 50 NPHP 1998. classification presented in this report (the proposed treatment of other components of the public health core functions is shown in Table 5 ). 51 The functions as scoped at the end of phase one of the project are shown in Table 3 and their working definitions are given in Table 4 . Both primary and instrumental functions are of importance in conceptualising public health. Primary functions are ends in themselves, while instrumental functions are means to those ends, as without primary functions there would be no need to 'ensure public health capability', for instance. Instrumental functions were also described in consultations as supporting, underpinning, or crosscutting functions, as all primary functions rely on them and they do not belong exclusively to any one of the primary functions.