To determine which CUI codes were relevant for identifying pneumonia and influenza deaths it was necessary to create a "CUI code list" that represents all the ICD-10 codes of interest (see Table 1 ). To create this list, we generated a subset of the UMLS 2010 AB database [41] using the Metamorphosys [40] tool provided by the National Library of Medicine, NLM. The UMLS database includes many vocabularies, therefore, to determine which vocabularies are relevant to our aims we used the procedure used by Riedl Three queries were performed on the subset described above to map pneumonia and influenza ICD-10 codes to CUIs and identify related pneumonia and influenza concepts. Each query was then placed in a separate database, all duplicates were removed and a sub-query was run to ensure that only the ICD-10 codes in Table 1 were included in this list. This produced 241 distinct concept identifiers (CUIs) relating to pneumonia or influenza. These codes were used to develop the rules to identify the cases of interest.