Expression of the capsid VP1 gene by recombinant baculoviruses leads to self-assembly into empty virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically and antigenically similar to native NoV [9] . NoV VLPs are widely used as antigens in diagnostic serological assays and as candidate vaccines against NoVs [2, 7] . NoV VLPs are highly stable and resistant to variable conditions, particularly to low pH [1, 9] .