The primary antibodies against viral proteins used were: mouse monoclonal anti-prM 13A10, IgG2a; mouse monoclonal anti-E 11H12, IgG2a; mouse monoclonal anti-NS1 6E11, IgG2a (all kind gifts from Dr. Connie Schmaljohn, USAMRID, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD), chicken poly-clonal anti-NS3 (sequence: CZRDIREFVSYASGRR) and chicken polyclonal anti-NS5 (sequence: CZDRHDLHWELKLESSIF) (custom prepared by Aves Labs), mouse anti-dsRNA clone J2 (purchased from English & Scientific Consulting, Szirak, Hungary). Markers against cellular organelles used were: Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, Invitrogen), and mouse monoclonal Dylight 488-conjugated protein disulfide isomerase 1D3 (PDI, Enzo Life Sciences). Secondary antibodies used were: Alexa Fluor 488-and 594-conjugated anti-mouse-and anti-rabbitspecific IgG and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated anti-chickenspecific IgG (Invitrogen).