Whole genome sequence was determined using a combination of 454 sequencing [43] and conventional Sanger sequencing. Virions from tissue culture supernatant were collected by centrifugation at 30,0006g for 60 min and resuspended in 140 ml of PBS and mixed with 560 ml of freshly made AVL for RNA extraction using QIAamp Viral RNA mini kit (Qiagen). Synthesis of cDNA and random amplification was conducted using a modification of a published procedure [44] . Briefly, cDNA synthesis was performed using a random octomer-linked to a 17-mer defined primer sequence: (59-GTTTCCCAGTAGGTCTCNNN NNNNN-39) and SuperScript III Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). 8 ml of ds-cDNA was amplified in 200 ml PCR reactions with hot-start Taq polymerase enzyme (Promega) and 59-A*G*C*A*C TGTAGGTTTCCCAG-TAGGTCTC-39 (where * denotes thiol modifications) as amplification primers for 40 cycles of 95uC/1 min, 48uC/1 min, 72uC/ 1 min after an initial denaturation step of 5 min at 95uC and followed by purification with the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen). Sample preparation for Roche 454 sequencing (454 Life Sciences Branford, CT, USA) was according to their Titanium series manuals, Rapid Library Preparation and emPCR Lib-L SV.