In macrophages, TGFB1 has been shown to induce the proangiogenic factor VEGFA [14] . Therefore, we investigated the possibility that in addition to inducing TGFB1, PSG1 might regulate VEGFA expression in monocytes and macrophages. Human monocytes were treated with PSG1-Fc or control protein starting at a concentration of 10 lg/ml. Induction of VEGFA was seen in human monocytes at 50 lg/ml of PSG1-Fc over FLAG-Fc control (Fig. 2B) . In some experiments, significance was observed at PSG1 concentrations of 30 lg/ml (data not shown). When PSG1-FLAG was used to treat a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), concentrations of 30 lg/ml were sufficient to observe induction of VEGFA over controls (data not shown).