The two instances where H1N1 met inclusion criteria both resulted in average numbers of daily events significantly lower than similar periods before, after and parallel to the time period in question (Fig. 1) . See Table 1 for more results. On average, the greatest number of daily events occurs on Thursdays, least on Sundays. The outbreaks of cholera in Haiti and E. coli in Germany showed no significant crowdout effect at both global and regional levels. A reduction in the average events per day during the December holiday period was not significant.