Mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) were plated in five 60 mm plates at a density of 5610 5 cells/plate, and were cultured for 18 h. After 6 h in serum free DMEM, cells were either mock- Vivo-Morpholino in Japanese Encephalitis www.plosntds.org infected with sterile 16PBS or infected with JEV at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. After 1K h, cells were washed twice with sterile 16PBS to remove non-internalized virus. Three of the four plates that were infected with JEV, were treated with SC-MO, 39 MO and 59 MO at 10 mM concentrations and all plates were incubated for 24 h in serum free media.