The different time frames of the analysis of the gene expression also contribute to the differences to the profiling results. Transcriptional changes immediately following seizures will encompass the response to hyperthermia, mild hypoxia or hypoglycemia, and even direct trauma from any cerebral or truncal impacts. This contrasts with gene expression during the latent phase of epileptogenesis whereby a period of recovery with substrate replenishment and remodeling occurs, and during the chronic epileptic states seen in human studies. Numerous studies have demonstrated the transient nature of transcriptional changes within their own epileptogenesis model, let alone between different models (57, 63, 110) .