Although the carotid artery may be viewed as a surrogate for disease in the coronaries, this is probably an oversimplification. Nevertheless it remains an important and practical target. Whilst the assessment of risk is aided by the quantification of individual morphological components in plaque viewed with MR, it has been difficult to image true plaque function. We can use MR to assess the contribution of local flow dynamics and the individual components of plaque to produce maps of stress in a specific patient. MR contrast media can contribute additional information with regard to plaque function. We are also able to image not only individual plaque structure, but also function allowing an improved understanding of why two patients with identical degrees of luminal stenosis may have completely different degrees of vulnerability. and midgut volvulus or with a water-soluble contrast enema in newborns with suspected meconium plug or microcolon. Ultrasound plays a complementary role in the neonates, but in all other ages US becomes the method of choice in the vomiting child because of its high sensitivity and specificity (e.g. in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis) and offers the advantage to avoiding exposure to the potential harmful radiation of x-rays. Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing the vomiting child will be reserved for less common causes such as intracerebral abnormalities or intracranial pressure. Learning Objectives: