Conclusion: In literature, the Ewing sarcoma/PNET showing the myogennic differentiation is usual, but the melanocytic differentiation is rare and can be confirmed not only immunohistochemically, but also by FISH investigation. Objective: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. PARP-1 inhibitors may be efficient in therapy of malignancies. This report evaluates the expression of PARP-1 in primary testicular germ cell tumors and correlates expression patterns with histological subtypes and patient/ tumor characteristics. Method: Group of 124 patients with testicular germ cell tumors were investigated for PARP-1 expression by immunohistochemistry, scored by the multiplicative quickscore (QS) method and compared to PARP-1 expression in normal testis. Results: We observed higher expression of PARP1 in testicular tumors compared to normal testis (mean QS=10.04 vs. 3.60, p< 0.0000001). The PARP-1 overexpression (QS>9) was most often detected in intratubular germ cell neoplasia ITGCN (100 % of specimen with PARP-1 overexpression), compared to 1.9 % of normal testicular tissue specimen. There was no association between PARP-1 expression and clinical variables. Conclusion: PARP-1 expression is higher in tumor tissue than in normal testis. PARP-1 could represent a novel treatment target in TGCTs and the assessment of PARP-1 expression in tumor samples may lead to the consideration of TGCTs patients for PARP inhibitor therapy. Supported by 2007/30-NOU-01, VEGA 1/0724/11 and ITMS: 26240220052 cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund. Objective: Gardner fibroma (GAF), a rare lesion, typically occurs in infants, children and young adults, with predilection for the trunk (particularly paraspinal region) and no gender predominance. GAF is an ill-defined plaque-like mass, with rubbery consistence, usually asymptomatic, ranging from 0.3 to 12 cm. Although benign, 70-90 % of the cases may be associated with APC mutations, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and/or Gardner Syndrome (GS). We report 2 cases of GAF, which allowed the identification of 2 families with GS. Results: CASE 1: 7-month-old boy, with 2 nodules in the left paraspinal region, the largest with 2.5 cm. CASE 2: 5month-old boy, presenting a 1.5 cm ill-defined deep right scapular mass. Both lesions were infiltrative, paucicelular densely collagenized proliferations of bland spindle cells. A GAF diagnosis was made and clinical/genetic investigation advised. APC gene sequentiation revealed, in both cases, a frameshift germline mutation in exon 15. Additionally, case 1 presented a del(5)(q11q35). Heredogram showed typical manifestations of GS: CASE 1: Mandibular osteomas, epidermoid cysts, "soft-tissue tumours", colo-rectal carcinoma. CASE 2: Hepatoblastoma, colo-rectal carcinoma. Conclusion: Given the high association with GS and the fact that it can be its first manifestation, GAF is considered a sentinel lesion for this syndrome. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance.