Synthesis of peptide-PMO conjugates. Peptides were synthesized by standard Fmoc chemistry and purified by highperformance liquid chromatography. The PMO sequence (5 ′-GGCCAAACCTCGGCTTACCTGAAAT-3′) was purchased from Gene Tools LLC (Corvallis, OR). Peptides were conjugated to PMO through an amide linkage at the 3′ end of the PMO, followed by purification by high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS as previously described in preliminary communication. 32 Full details of synthesis including improvements to the experimental procedures are described in detail in the Supplementary Materials and Methods. Peptide-PMO conjugates were dissolved in sterile water and filtered through a 0.22-µm cellulose acetate membrane before use.