Recently, electrochemical methods for the detection of DNA in combination with HDA have been developed. A DNA-based sensor for the detection of M. tuberculosis using the electrochemical detection of gold nanoparticles was developed [82] . The dextrin-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used as a reporter can be electrochemically detected on a screen-printed carbon electrode chip ( Figure 6(B) ). Kivlehan et al. developed a real-time electrochemical method for HDA using the monitoring of intercalating redox probes [83] . The binding of redox probes to the HDA products (amplified double-stranded DNA) led to less electrochemically detectability, compared with the probes' free counterpart. This method of electrochemical HDA detection does not require the immobilization of the probe on the electrode; real-time isothermal HDA reactions with 48-electrochemical microwells can be performed in 1 h. Therefore, it has the potential to be a reliable method for sequence-specific DNA detection.