Open Access (OA) online publishing in China falls into two categories: non-peer-reviewed and peer-reviewed [55] . The former provides an online interface for authors to publish their papers directly online, without peerreview or other form of quality control. Examples include Qiji.cn [56] , the Chinese Preprint Service System [57] and Sciencepaper Online [58] . The latter transfers paper-based peer-reviewed journals onto the web for free access (usually in PDF format). The Alliance of open access journals (OAJs) [59] , sponsored by the Society of China University Journals in Natural Sciences, provides access to a number of OA journals, predominantly Chinese university journals. The international Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) [60] also provides links to the websites of individual Chinese OA journals, including the Chinese Medical Journal [33] .