Background: Leptin is a peptide hormone that mainly regulates food intake, energy expenditure and reproductive function. Leptin also releases from activated hepatic stellate cells and may have a role in regulation of fibrogenesis and inflammation. In human chronically infected by HCV, the role of leptin-associated fibrosis of the liver is still unclear. There is no data in Thai patients chronically infected by HCV regarding leptin level and its correlation with hepatic histology and fibrosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between leptin level and severity of liver fibrosis in Thai patients chronically infected by HCV. Methods: Sixty-six patients (31 men, 35 women) with chronic HCV infection and liver biopsy was done within 3 months were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were obtained and serum leptin levels were measured by ELISA. BMI, blood sugar, liver function test, lipid profile, HCV RNA viral load and HCV genotype were also measured and related to histological findings. Results: Mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher in women than in male. There was a significantly correlation between serum leptin and BMI (r = 0.469, P < 0.001). Leptin levels were not associated with hepatic fibrosis (r = 0.166, P = 0.183) and necroinflammation (r = 0.203, P = 0.102). Steatosis was significantly associated with severe necroinflammation (r = 0.261, P = 0.034), but not fibrosis (r = 0.22, P = 0.076). Conclusions: These findings failed to demonstrate correlation of serum leptin and hepatic fibrosis in Thai patients chronically infected with HCV. Background and aim: Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of mortality in our country as well as in our region. Even though deterioration of glucose metabolism and existence of insulin resistance in liver cirrhhosis has been well documented in many studies, it is still unclear how insulin resistance mechanism develops. The aim of the present study is to assess insulin resistance, cytokines and CRP levels in patients with liver cirrhosis and control subjects. In additon, we aimed to investigate the relation of insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis with such parameters as age, sex, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, spleen size, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2RES, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP and Hs-CRP. Material and method: A total of 79 patients with cirrhosis of different etilogy (49 male, 30 female) were included into the study. As controls, 50 (23 male and 27 female) subjects were taken. The two groups were compared with each other in terms of glucose, insulin, C-peptid, HOMA-IR, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2RES, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP and Hs-CRP levels. In the second part of our study, the liver cirrhosis group was divided into two subgroups: Patients with HOMA-IR value >2.7 as insulin resistance positive, and those with HOMA-IR value >2.7 as insulin resistance negative. These two groups, i.e. , HOMA-IR positive and HOMA-IR negative, were compared in terms of age, sex, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, spleen size, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2RES, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP and Hs-CRP levels. Results: In liver cirrhosis group, glucose, insulin, C-peptid, HOMA-IR, TNF-?, IL-2RES, IL-6, CRP and Hs-CRP levels were determined to be significantly higher than controls. Between patients with HOMA-IR positive and negative, however, statistically no significant difference was found in terms of age, sex, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, spleen size, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2RES, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and Hs-CRP levels, but IL-8 level was seen to be significantly low in patient HOMA-IR positive. Conclusion: In patients with liver cirrhosis, the levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptid, HOMA-IR, TNF-?, IL-2RES, IL-6, CRP and Hs-CRP increase with respect to normal population. Determination of increased HOMA-IR level in liver cirrhosis supports the view that insulin resistance develops in liver cirrhosis as reported in related studies. In the study, it was also determined that the mechanism of insulin resistance development occurs independent of age, sex, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, spleen size, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2RES, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and Hs-CRP levels. The determination of statistically lower level of IL-8 in patients with HOMA-IR positive with respect to those with HOMA-IR negative does not indicate similarity with the studies carried out earlier. ) in patients (48.08%) than in controls(14%)In group I HLA-B5 significantly increased in patients (60%)as compared to controls (14%) . in group II HLA -B5 significantly higher in patients (45.46%)than controls (14%) also HLA-AW19 significantly higher (40.91%) in patients than controls (12.67%).in group III HLA-AW19 significantly increased in patients (46.67%) compared to controls.No significant association between HLA antigens and cases with HBV or HCV infection. Conclusion: The significantly high association of HLA-AW19 and HLA-B5 in patients with hepatic Schistosomiasis as compared to normal controlstogether with the lack of any association with active intestinal Schisto . Antigens predispose to liver affection.Individuals possessing HLA-AW19 appear to be more prone to severeform of liver disease 