1. To learn about the role of US as the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of the acute female pelvis. 2. To be able to recognise the added value of CT and MRI in the assessment of acute female pelvis. Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is a non-surgical intervention for treating symptomatic uterine leiomyomas and represents an alternative to surgical removal (hysterectomy, moymectomy, hysteroscopic resection). The indication for uterine artery embolisation crucially relies on the pre-interventional assessment of symptomatology and burden of disease. Especially the location, size, and number of leiomyomas are important to determine the treatment options of the patient. As a rule, both single and multiple fibroids can be treated by UAE. However, the clinical outcome of UAE does not primarily depend on the number and location of the individual tumours (subserosal, intramural, transmural, submucosal) but the infraction rate of fibroids. MR guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFUS) is a non-invasive treatment option for symptomatic leiomyomata. In contrast to UAE and surgery it lacks the invasiveness of these procedures since the targeted leiomyoma is ablated by energy transmitted through the skin by focused ultrasound while exact delivery is monitored online by MR Imaging. Size, location and number of fibroids are limiting factors for the application of HIFUS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior compared to ultrasound in delineating the extent of fibroid disease and excluding other pathologies or disease processes that may mimic fibroid-related complaints. Further advantages of MRI result from the use of MR angiography and contrast-enhanced imaging in assessing outcome and complications following UAE. This presentation summarises the current role of UAE and ultrasound ablation (HIFUS) for uterine leiomyomata as well as the role of imaging before and after the procedure. of normal of 10 mm is universally applied. However, size criteria alone are unreliable: CT for lung cancer staging has a pooled sensitivity of 51% (i.e., false-negative diagnoses of metastatic deposits in nodes < 10 mm), and a specificity of 86% (i.e., false-positive diagnoses due to enlarged benign nodes). With MRI the same size criteria apply. However, additionally, imaging features such as central necrosis on T2w fatsat or gadolinium-enhanced images are suggestive of metastasis (or suppurative infection). Lymph node-specific USPIO MR agents can depict tumour deposits in subcentimeter pelvic nodes. Unfortunately, they did not receive market approval. DWI is helpful in identifying in lymph nodes as they exhibit high SI with higher b-values. However, diffusion pattern of benign and malignant nodes overlap, so that measurement of ADC values do not aid in characterisation. Despite the use of modern MDCT and MRI techniques, lymph node characterisation needs further improvement. Up to date lymph node staging is based on size and shape criteria only; however, micrometastases can also be present in normal sized lymph nodes and nodes can be enlarged due to inflammatory changes. New contrast agents in MRI such as ultrasmall particles of iron oxide have substantially improved the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node staging compared with conventional MRI. Unfortunately, USPIO is not commercially available and therefore new approaches to differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes are required. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is a noninvasive method that provides microstructural information on the underlying tissue. Up to date several studies mainly in the pelvis have shown promising results to detect lymph nodes and also to allow differentiation between benign and malignant nodes with reported sensitivities of 79-87% and specificities of 74-93% based on the underlying mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. In these studies any size of lymph nodes has been included with the smallest short axis diameter of 5 mm. There is an overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant nodes; therefore, further studies with histopathological correlation are needed to reduce the high rate of false-positive nodes. Combination of USPIO and DWI might facilitate and improve lymph node staging in the future provided that USPIO will be available. Currently, nuclear medicine uses sentinel node scintigraphy and PET with the glucose analogue fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) to detect lymph node metastases. Sentinel node scintigraphy images the lymphatic drainage of a tumour. A radiolabelled colloid is injected at the site of the tumour and the drainage of the colloid to the regional lymph node is imaged with a gamma camera. Intraoperatively, lymph nodes are identified with a handheld gamma probe. Lymph nodes that have accumulated the radiolabelled colloid are resected and analysed histopathologically. Randomised studies have shown that in patient with breast cancer sentinel node biopsy significantly reduces the rate of complications as compared with systematic axillary dissection. Conversely, the risk for axillary recurrence is not increased. FDG-PET imaging can detect metastases in lymph nodes that are not pathologically enlarged. Furthermore, many unspecifically enlarged lymph nodes do not demonstrate increased FDG uptake. However, it is important to note that false-negative cases can occur in very small lymph node metastases, in mostly necrotic lymph node metastases or in tumour types with low metabolic activity. False-positive findings occur in active inflammation. Despite these limitations, studies have clearly documented that FDG PET significantly improves the accuracy of lymph node staging in several malignant tumours. In non-small cell lung cancer randomised trials have shown that FDG-PET significantly improves patient management by avoiding unnecessary surgery. Ongoing preclinical and initial clinical studies evaluate radiolabelled amino acid analogues that are potentially diagnosed before they become symptomatic and a reduction of tendon load and initiation of treatment before the condition becomes chronic seem to gain important place in therapeutic regimes. Furthermore, US-guided therapies are advisable over blinded-guided injections to minimise side effects and to allow an accurate targeted therapeutic approach. MRI is an excellent tool in depicting sports-related muscle and tendon injuries. Most sports-related muscle injuries are located in the lower extremities and some are quite deep-seated, thereby somewhat harder for US to show. Another advantage of MRI over US in this setting is that concomitant bone injury is readily displayed. US is admittedly a high-resolution, well-tolerated and readily available tool for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. On the other hand, considerable expertise is needed for musculoskeletal US, which is also quite time consuming. During the time needed for a single musculoskeletal US to be performed and reported by an expert musculoskeletal radiologist, several MRI studies may well be reported. Overall, considering reimbursement constraints, "fee-for-service" healthcare systems favour MRI over US for evaluating sports-related musculoskeletal injuries. Myositis ossificans, which is usually readily displayed by plain radiographs, is a caveat in MRI of the muscles, may be overlooked or mistaken for more sinister conditions, and is a case in point highlighting the need for evaluating musculoskeletal MRI exams along with plain radiographs. Muscle herniations are better depicted by US, given dynamic imaging capabilities of this modality. Positive lymph node status is an important predictor for a poor prognosis. Accurate nodal staging often influences the choice of treatment and outcome of these patients. However, detection of nodal infiltration by non-invasive imaging has been challenging and to date FNA or biopsy has remained important to dictate treatment. Nowadays, the combination of morphological and functional or metabolic information with modern imaging technology offers us new perspectives. In this session we will learn about the present status of lymph node imaging using new generation CT, MRI or PET and become familiar with the strength and weaknesses of each.