In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 29 cases of newly diagnosed PPL in the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center in China from January 2001 to December 2008 to identify prognostic factors of PPL and optimal treatment for PPL in the rituximab era. The clinical features of all patients are presented in Table I . Nineteen patients (65.5%) had MALT lymphoma, nine (31.0%) had DLBCL, and one (3.4%) had plasmacytic lymphoma. In most of the patients in this series, surgery provided a definite diagnosis, whereas bronchoscopic biopsy had a low-diagnostic yield. Of the 16 patients with PPL who underwent bronchoscopic examination, only four had positive results. Prior to treatment, all 29 patients were evaluated by CT scans, and six patients underwent integrated 18 F-FDG-PET/CT scanning. The radiological findings for all patients are listed in Table I . Twenty patients (69.0%) had unilateral lung involvement and nine (31.0%) had hilar/mediastinal LAP. Of the six patients who underwent integrated 18 F-FDG-PET/CT scanning, three had DLBCL and three had MALT lymphoma. The maximal standardized uptake values (mSUVs) ranged from 2.0 to 7.6 (mean mSUV, 3.9 ± 1.72) in the three MALT lymphoma cases and from 10.5 to 16.9 (mean mSUV, 13.5 ± 2.74) in the three DLBCL cases.