In an unadjusted model in which both optimism and pessimism were regressed against unplanned cesarean section, pessimism remained statistically significant while optimism failed to meet the threshold for statistical significance. (pessimism OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56, P = .01; optimism OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.08; P = . 22) . When the same model was then adjusted for a variety of clinical factors (see Table 5 Model 2) to answer Research question 3 "if there is a significant relationship between optimism, pessimism, and unplanned cesarean section delivery, is that relationship robust enough to remain significant when clinical factors are included in the model?", pessimism remained significantly associated with unplanned cesarean section (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.81; P = .004). Of note, 