It should be noted that DBL4e and DBL4e-ID4 specific antibodies are cross inhibitory on a panel of maternal parasite isolates [37] , showing that a conserved region of this recombinant protein can be targeted by antibodies interfering with the interaction between VAR2CSA and CSA. We have not analyzed the cross-reactivity of the FV2 induced IgG, consequently it is unknown if the inhibitory response is directed towards conserved or variable regions. It is possible that selection pressure can increase exposure of immuno-dominant variable epitopes targeted by non-inhibitory antibodies.