Of the two (10%) reported fatalities, one was an 8-yearold boy admitted to the PICU with suspected encephalitis and status epilepticus in 2007. Previously he was diagnosed with a delay in speech development and suspected rolandic epilepsy. He received antibiotics, catecholamines, acyclovir and intratracheal ventilation. He was diagnosed with influenza A one day after PICU admission and was started on oseltamivir treatment. He died 4 days after admission from massive cerebral edema. The autopsy report stated death due to cardiac and circulatory failure. Streptococcus pneumoniae was diagnosed from PCR analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, indicating encephalopathy following influenza infection complicated by bacterial superinfection of the CNS. In 2008, a second fatality was reported from a 13-year-old boy with several chronic underlying diseases (asthma bronchiale, cardiac malformation, Addison's disease). He was found unconscious by his parents after febrile infection during the previous week. After resuscitation he was transported to the hospital where he died in the emergency room from cardiac and respiratory failure. The autopsy report diagnosed cerebral edema and PCR-confirmed seasonal influenza A (H1N1) from lung biopsy tissue.