Several cellular pathways are regulated by resveratrol including apoptotic, NFkB, and all forms of MAPK signaling [14, 38] . We found resveratrol to inhibit expression of Egr-1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 resulting in suppression of KSHV reactivation ( Fig. 5 and 6 ). Very recent studies have established the fact that resveratrol significantly lowers phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (directly upstream of Egr-1) in target cells, in vivo and in vitro [25, 26, 39, 40] . At this point in time, we are certain about the ability of RDS to block TPA-induced virus reactivation. However, further research is required to confirm if this ability of RDS to promote viral latency is by its direct inhibitory effect on the expression Egr-1 or the upstream MAPK signaling component(s), namely ERK1/2 activity.