RICK, which has a caspase-recruitment (CARD) domain, functions downstream of the pattern recognition receptors (which include the TLR, RLR, and NLR family members) and mediates NF-κB and MAP kinase activation. RICK suppresses the replication of HCMV in cooperation with active NF-κB and IFN-β [59] . Not to be outdone, the late gene products of HCMV also suppress NF-κB activation [60, 61] . TNF-α signaling is suppressed through downregulation of TNF receptor 1. IL-6, IL-8, and MCP are not induced in HCMV-infected cells and chemotaxsis, activation, and maturation are all suppressed.