Results: Fig. 1 shows the relatively low positive rates of the antibody in ages of 11 to 30 and the lowest rates of 9.9% and 9.2% in the age group of 16 to 20, following the ages of 21 to 25 with rates of 12 Background: Some viruses encode proteins that affect their cap-independent internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation and their replication. It was recently reported that hepatitis A virus (HAV) proteases interact with intracellular dsRNA-induced retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG-I)-mediated signaling, but it remained unknown whether HAV proteins have any effects on HAV IRES-independent translation. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7 HAV non-structural proteins on their IRES-mediated translation using a reporter assay. PE480