HBoV-1, 2 and 3-specific primer pair and probes were designed in house through alignment of sequence data available in GenBank. The reaction conditions are as follows; 1X Platinum Quantitative PCR Supermix-UDG (Invitrogen), HBoV-NS1-1F, HBoV-1R, HBoV2-R and HBoV3R primers each at a concentration of 20 mm, the HBoV1,2 and 3 probe at 10 mm concentration, ROX 25 mm (Invitrogen), 2.5 ml of template and RNase free water was added to a final reaction volume of 25 ml. The amplification conditions for the typing assay are the same as those described in the HBoV NS1 detection assay above.