In summary, lung cancer patients receiving systemic therapy frequently develop dyspnoea and infiltrates. It is difficult to make a specific diagnosis in most cases because of the difficulty of performing invasive procedures in this patient population. Radiological assessment, and HRCT in particular, can play a key role in establishing a diagnosis of drug-associated ILD; however, in the vast majority of cases, the radiological manifestations of drugassociated pulmonary injury are nonspecific, making an accurate diagnosis difficult. Corticosteroids are indicated for suspected drug-associated ILD; however, the outcome is variable unless the patient develops respiratory failure, in which case the mortality is high.