A.6. Dengue. Nishiura [61] clarified the contributions of mathematical and statistical approaches to dengue epidemiology. This highlighted the practical importance of the basic reproduction number, R 0 , in relation to the critical proportion of vaccination required to eradicate the disease in the future. The author illustrated three different methods to estimate R 0 : (i) the final size equation, (ii) the intrinsic growth rate, and (iii) age distribution, with published estimates and examples. The author pointed out that, although the estimates of R 0 most likely depend on the ecological characteristics of the vector population, it would be appropriate to assume a serotype-nonspecific estimate for R 0 is approximately 10, at least when planning vaccination strategies in endemic areas.