This proteomic analysis was performed with the approval of the institutional ethics committee of Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India. Patients suffering from uncomplicated Pf or Pv infection with asexual parasite count more than 1000 per mL of blood were selected for this study. A total of 37 patients, with uncomplicated FM (n = 20) or VM (n = 17) confirmed through microscopic examination of a thin peripheral blood smear followed by RDT were enrolled for this proteomic study. In addition, blood specimens were collected from age and sex matched leptospirosis patients (n = 6) as febrile controls, and healthy subjects (n = 20) to perform comparative proteomic analysis. Written informed consent was taken from each participant (malaria patients and controls) prior to the sample collection process. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical details of all malaria patients and febrile controls (FC) selected for this proteomic study are provided in Table 1 . Blood samples (5.0 mL) were collected from the antecubital vein of the subjects using serum separation tubes (BD VacutainerH; BD Biosciences). Immediately after blood collection the tubes were kept in ice for 30 mins for clotting. Serum separation was performed as described previously [15] . In brief, after clotting, the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm at 20uC for 10 mins and serum was collected carefully from the upper surface. Collected serum was divided into multiple aliquots and stored at 280uC until time of analysis to prevent protein degradation. Prior to proteomic analysis, maximum 2-3 freeze/thaw cycles were allowed for any serum sample to reduce pre-analytical variations.