Objective: Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) followed by surgical resection became the treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Pathological diagnosis is important for the prediction of prognosis and adjuvant treatment. Study aim was to identify histopronostic factors in a consecutive series of patients treated by RCT and surgery. Method: 113 patients were included, follow-up, tumor morphologic pattern and Modified Rectal Cancer Regression Grade (m-RCRG) were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to assess predictors of disease-free survival (DFS). Results: 5-years DFS was 58 %. In univariate analysis, ypT, budding, calcifications, circumferential margin, node involvement, invaded margin, vascular emboles and perineural involvement were pronostic factors (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, presence of calcification in tumor bed (p=0.027) and small circumferential margin (p=0.037) were the only two independent factor of worse DFS. mRCRG was not correlated to DFS. Among the 50 mRCRG1 tumor, DFS was significantly better in patient with ypT0 than in other ypT stages (p=0.003). Conclusion: Presence of calcification in tumor bed is a new major histopronostic factor described for the first time in rectal cancer. Our results raised the question of whether ypT stage or histological tumor regression is more important in the prediction of patient prognosis.