α-MMC and PEGylated α-MMC induced alterations in the morphology of JAR cells (Figure 8 ). After processing for 72 hours, untreated JAR cells extended and flattened ( Figure 8A ), while the treated groups showed fewer cells and abnormal shapes such as shrinkage, blebbing, and loss of membrane asymmetry, indicating the cytotoxic effect of α-MMC and its modifier on JAR cells. In particular, α-MMC-treated groups showed extremely obvious morphological changes ( Figure 8C and D). MAP30 and PEGylated MAP30 also showed a similar cytotoxic effect to JAR cells.