Although LPS mediates the binding of SP-D to at least some Gram-negative bacteria, SP-D can also bind to spe- In the latter study the authors suggested that fungal aggregation inhibits phagocytosis. Interestingly, SP-D binding directly inhibited fungal growth and decreased the outgrowth of pseudohyphae, the invasive form of the fungus, in the absence of phagocytic cells [57] . It is possible that these effects are also secondary to agglutination, possibly as result of nutrient deprivation.