Four gender-specific human cancer cell lines were used. The HH870 androgen-receptor-negative CaP cell line was developed at Hoag Cancer Center, Newport Beach, CA, from an organ-confined primary tumor that had been resected from a 56-year-old, previously untreated Caucasian (25) . This tumor was Gleason Grade 3/4, with no evidence of vascular or perineural invasion or extracapsular extension (stage T2b). The DU145 metastatic CaP cell line (American Type Culture Collection line HTB-81) was derived from a brain lesion of 69-year-old male Caucasian. It is androgen insensitive and does not express prostate-specific antigen. Two EOC cell lines developed at Hoag Cancer Center were also used: HH639 was from a poorly differentiated clear cell, Grade 3 carcinoma in the omentum and left ovary of a 56year-old Caucasian female; HH450 was from moderately differentiated metastatic cells recovered from the abdominal fluid of a 52-year-old Asian female.