Relation of the length of appendix and parasitosis: Preliminary report A. Kurt * , S. A. Özmen, I. Erdem * Bölge Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Dept. of Pathology, Erzurum, Turkey Objective: Is there an effect of the length of appendix vermiformis on the settlement of the bowel parasites? We have decided to research. Method: It was studied retrospectively for not to be under the influence. Randomly chosen from the archives, 65 parasitic appendix (41 women + 24 men) and 65 appendix vermiformis (41 women and 24 men) lengths were compared. The last 65 appendix materials of the appendixes which include parasites (56 E.vermicularis, 8 A.lumbricoides,1 T.saginata) and operated any causes were examined. Placeholder conditions such as fibrous obliteration and tumour were excluded. The premeasured length of the appendix in the series (65+65=130) were listed with the gender. Results: Appendix length in the control series: The length of appendix in men:7.15 The length of appendix in women:6.85 The length of appendix in both gender:6.95 cm. The length of parasitic appendix: The length of appendix in men:7.30 The length of appendix in women:6.76 The length of appendix in both gender:6.94. Objective: On the basis of recently detected receptors for erythropoietin on the surface of MSCs we hypothesized that introduction of EPO together with MSCs may enhance their effect and improve the results of sepsis treatment. Method: 50 Wistar male rats were randomized into 5 groups with 10 animals in each: Group1 -the healthy controls, 2-5 Groups were intraperitoneally introduced bacterial LPS 20 mg/kg. Group3-4 got × 105 allogeneic MSCs, Group4 -8.5 μg of recombinant EPO-beta, Group 5 -MSCs and EPO in the same doses. The morphological study of liver, spleen, thymus, lung and kidney was performed. Histological specimens were evaluated by qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative methods. Results: In lung tissue the thickness of alveolar septums progressivly reduced from Group 3 to 5.In kidney and liver tissue the dystrophy of hepatocytes and nefrocytes and a blood vessel's dilatation in studied groups also reduced.In lien tissue we observed hyperplasia of white pulp in groups 4 and 5. Structural features of thymus were connected with patterns of T-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion: Combined treatment with EPO and MSCs can reduce acute lung injury and kidney damage, cause hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and enhance the immune response more than separate treatment in an experimental model of sepsis in rats.