The potential cytoprotective effect of Liv.52 was studied in vitro studies: it improved copper [150] and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) [151] toxicity in HepG2 cells by inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and increase of GSH content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Another recent study found that Liv.52 abrogated the ethanol-induced PPARγ suppression and ethanol-induced TNFα gene expression, it also upregulated PPARγ mRNA [152] . Pretreatment with low (2.6 mL/kg/day) and higher doses (5.2 mL/kg/day) of Liv.52 reversed paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in mice [153, 154] .