Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) were elevated in the BAL fluid and blood serum from all ventilated mice (Fig. 5A, B, E, F) . BAL fluid from mice ventilated with lowV T RM5 showed a less dramatic increase in these pro-inflammatory cytokines. In both RM5 groups serum levels of IL-6 and KC were clearly lower than in all other ventilation groups. Interestingly, Interferon-c induced protein (IP-10) and Tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were not significantly increased in the BAL from ventilated mice, compared to unventilated controls (Fig. 5C, D) .