Of the 475 Tanzanian students, 17% were in the younger age group (below or equal to 22 yr), 77.5% (368) were males, and 25.4% (121) were in their 5 th study year. The corresponding figures pertaining to the Sudanese participants were 69.6% (438), 28% (177) and 36% (231), respectively. Table 1 depicts the percentage distribution of participants according to socio-demographics and country of residence. All socio-demographic characteristics varied substantially and statistically significantly across the two cultures considered. . All factor loadings (standardized regression weights) were in the expected direction and were statistically significant at CR>1.96, with inter-factor correlations ranging from 0.46-0.78 (Tanzania) and from 0.50-0.68 (Sudan). Thus, all inter-factor correlations were below the threshold of 0.80 which is set as cut off to indicate poor discriminative validity [41] . Table 2 depicts unadjusted and adjusted marginal means and 95% confidence intervals for the components of the TPB and the construct of moral norm by country of residence. Country differences were estimated after controlling for potential confounding effect from sociodemographic variables (age, gender, parental education, study year) using General Linear Models, GLM (ANOVA). In both countries, students had on average positive attitudes, strong moral norms and strong intentions regarding care delivery to patients with HIV and AIDS. Both groups of students had on average moderately strong subjective norms and perceived less control regarding this behaviour. Tanzanian students had on average more positive attitudes and stronger intentions, perceived control, moral norms and subjective norms compared to their Sudanese counterparts. Internal consistency reliability in terms of Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.83 (moral norms/subjective norms) to 0.44 (attitudes) in Tanzania and from 0.81 (attitudes/intention) to 0.45 (subjective norms) in Sudan.