brain and posterior fossa, and axial T1-and heavily T2-weighted images covering the temporal bone. After intravenous injection of gadolinium axial and coronal T1weighted images are performed. Temporal bone report on CT and MRI: structured reporting is the result of structured viewing. In the evaluation of the middle ear on CT examinations it is best to follow the sound wave on the axial images (from tympanic membrane over malleus, incus and stapes to oval window), than inspect the fissula antefenestram region and the oval window. The inner ear is evaluated from cranially to caudally (semicircular canals, vestibule and vestibular aqueduct, cochlea and cochlear aqueduct). The facial canal, carotid canal and jugular fossa are finally evaluated. On the coronal images one should at least inspect the intactness of tegmen tympani and the bony cover of the lateral semicircular canal. On MRI, after viewing the brain images, one best first tries to detect abnormal enhancing inner ear structures on the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images, and then explains them using the heavily T2-weighted images. The purpose of this lecture is to present how a good diagnostic head and neck scan can be achieved. Indications, technical problems and pitfalls, timing and contrast administration issues will be addressed. Tips and tricks regarding the best quality of the images will be discussed with appropriate examples. Afterwards, an example of a structured report will be presented, describing comprehensively all steps of radiological evaluation of the disease, followed by clear conclusion and staging. Emphasis will be placed on what the surgeon needs to know in order to plan the treatment. Next, attetion will be paid to lymph node evaluation: features of malignant infiltration will be discussed. As an endpoint, all steps including proper CT examination, radiological findings and structured reporting will be reviewed. Forensic imaging has grown slowly from its early radiographic applications starting before the year 1900, soon after the detection of x-rays, over the whole 20th century, before turning into an exponential growth after the introduction of multidetector CT and fast MRI techniques in the past ten years. Starting with a short summary of the history, this conference will address the advantages of virtual autopsy as compared with conventional autopsy: its non-destructive character, frozen objective documentation, ease of archiving and distribution, the lack of motion artefacts, and the lack of effects of ionising radiation. There are, however, significant disadvantages of postmortem imaging; these and approaches to overcome the limitations will be discussed as well as applications of forensic in vivo imaging. The differences between clinical and forensic imaging will finally be pointed out, and we will discuss some questions specific to forensic imaging, such as identification, detecting the cause and manner of death, vital reaction at imaging and reconstruction. Sunday markers of intraarticular disease, such as joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy and microvasculature and is able to detect subclinical synovitis. The ability of US to check multiple joints in one study and reveal subclinical synovitis seems to be particularly relevant in JIA, as definition of oligoarthritis and polyarthritis is based on the number of affected joints. US is an ideal means, therefore, for drawing a more correct patient classification, as well as for alerting the referring physicians towards the need of more aggressive treatment and closer monitoring. US is also an excellent means to distinguish between joint synovitis and tenosynovitis and to guide the aspiration and injection of steroids into joints that are difficult to reach blindly. Despite these advantages, US is inferior to MR imaging in depicting early inflammatory change and evaluating the articular cartilage. MR imaging is able to assess bone marrow abnormalities and can better evaluate the late manifestations of the disease, including erosions, joint space loss and ligamentous involvement. Both Doppler US and contrast-enhanced MR imaging are able to provide a measure of disease activity. The project aims at developing imaging tools able to improve the monitoring of cell therapy as well as the understanding of the fate of transplanted cells and the mechanism of action of cell-based therapies. Using the knowledge obtained, tools and treatment strategies can be further optimised to reap the full benefit of cell-based therapies. The project relies on the extensive collaboration of European experts for the development and implementation of novel imaging procedures with several working groups from different disciplines (physics, chemistry, biology, informatics, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, nuclear medicine, radiology). The work is organized in five subprojects:1) Novel Imaging Technologies (New imaging methods, post-processing techniques, visualisation tools); 2) Probe Chemistry (New MRI reporter probes that draw a more comprehensive picture of molecular imaging applications); 3) Novel Tools for Cell Imaging (Technologies enabling tracking of cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and death); 4)Pre-Clinical Validation (Tools to assess stem cell engraftment, cell differentiation in major disease areas); 5)Translation towards Clinical Applications (to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy). Responding to an increasing level of interest and a great need for educational activities in the field of cellular and molecular imaging, ENCITE has elaborated a specific training initiative based on the creation of a Multi-Centre Cluster devoted to the implementation of a repository of training procedures and imaging reporters. The output of this activity is made available to all the project partners and, more in general, to all the Cellular Molecular Imaging community. Musculoskeletal sport injuries of children and adolescents differ from that of adults because they occur on a growing skeleton with particular characteristics. The bone and the cartilage are weaker than the muscles and the ligaments, resulting in specific lesions. The vulnerability of the growing bone and cartilage are increased during the rapid growth periods. There are two main types of sport injuries. The acute traumatic lesions are the most frequent and correspond to the specific fractures of the paediatric age. The chronic overused injuries are related to repetitive micro traumas and are more frequently encountered in young athletes. The specific acute sport injuries, more frequently seen in adolescents, are the metaphyso-epiphyseal fractures, the apophyseal avulsions and the patellar dislocation. Sport injuries in children can lead to specific complications when the physis is involved, resulting in growth disturbance, with the need of an extended follow-up. X-rays are the first imaging tool but indication should be selected according to the clinical findings. Ultrasonography is ideally suited for the evaluation of soft tissue, muscles, tendons and ligaments. CT is useful to better analyse complex articular fractures. MRI is the imaging of choice to look for ligaments, menisci, osteochondral injuries and overused injuries. MRI is also used to assess complications like epiphysiodesis or osteonecrosis. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in childhood, with a reported prevalence of 1-4% according to method of ascertainment and definitions used. Ultrasound has enabled a detailed view of both neonatal hip stability (NHI) and morphology, and two different schools have developed: one arguing that NHI alone is the major pathology warranting splinting, the other including acetabular dysplasia as an important feature. Both static (Graf, Morin) and dynamic (Harcke) ultrasound techniques, as well as a combination of the two (modified Graf (Rosendahl)), have been described and are currently used. In Europe, Graf's ultrasound technique or a modification of this is commonly used within the German-speaking countries and areas, in parts of Scandinavia, the UK, Italy, France, Hungary and the Netherlands. Others use a modified Morin's method while Harcke's method is used only occasionally. Initially, universal ultrasound screening using Graf's method led to higher treatment and follow-up rates than that based on NHI alone, i.e. 3-5% versus 0.4-1.5% and 10-20% vs. 6-7%, respectively. However, improved examination techniques and a better understanding of the findings have led to a more tailored approach, and an extensive meta-analysis performed in 2000, including 534 papers, could not find any differences in treatment rates due to different ultrasound techniques. In this lecture I will present a crude status for US techniques used and also give recommendations for a worthwhile screening strategy based on present knowledge. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important imaging modality for the assessment of cirrhosis and its complications, such as HCC. Concurrent technical improvement as well as implementation of advanced imaging sequence designs permits high-quality examination of the liver with high intrinsic soft-tissue contrast. The use of automated contrast detection methods combined with faster sequences allows to optimise the arterial phase, which is essential for the detection and characterisation of HCC. Finally, combining sequences, including T2 and T1 weighted images, diffusion-weighted sequences, dynamic gadolinium-enhanced 3D multiphasic imaging and liver-specific delayed phase sequences, allow a simultaneous evaluation of the background liver parenchyma and of the liver lesions. Morphologic features as well as the degree of fibrosis of the background liver parenchyma represent the most important criteria in the clinical setting for determining the presence of cirrhosis. Although liver biopsy is the standard of reference for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, MR elastography, diffusionweighted imaging and MR perfusion imaging have been developed for non-invasive assessment of the liver fibrosis.