associated with differing classes of bisphosphonates, the most commonly prescribed medication for osteoporosis (23) . Estrogen hormone replacement therapy stimulates uterine and breast tissue, which predisposes the patient to neoplastic disease (24) . Leg muscle cramps, joint aches and deep vein thrombosis has been associated with selective estrogen receptor modulator therapy (25) . Similarly, conventional salmon calcitonin has shown limitations in antiresorptive efficacy, likely in part because of poor bioavailability to bone cells and the undesired uptake of the drug by calcitonin receptors present in tissues other than bone (26, 27) .