Whilst the immune correlates mediating the clearance of virus are still not entirely clear or defined, there is substantial evidence demonstrating that the development of a broad multifunctional T cell response against an array of key viral proteins such as core, E1, NS3, NS4 and NS5 during acute HCV infection is associated with disease resolution [3, 4] and may also provide a level of protection against reinfection [5] . It is also becoming increasingly apparent that such responses alone are not enough [6] and that neutralising antibodies also play an integral role in conferring protection [7, 8] and facilitating viral clearance by mechanisms including antibodydependent cellular cytotoxic mechanisms [9] . An effective HCV vaccine will need to induce antibody and cell-mediated responses and also provide cross protection against different viral genotypes and quasispecies. Neutralising antibodies induced against conserved, conformational epitopes in the viral envelope E1 and E2 glycoproteins [10] [11] [12] , notably antigenic region 3 (AR3) [13] of E2, including the critical neutralisation contact residues contained within domain I of E2 [14] and amino acids 313-327 of E1 [15] , can be broadly cross-neutralising. The fact that these antibodies neutralise different HCV genotypes highlights the importance of including epitopes from both envelope proteins for a vaccine strategy to be effective.