Finally, we compared the survival rates of tumor-bearing mice after treatment with SP5-2-LV, LV, or PBS over 102 days. All five animals in the PBS-treated group died (survival rate 0%). Three mice died in the LV-treated group (survival rate 40%). In the SP5-2-LV-treated group, however, the survival rate was 80%, significantly higher than the other two groups (Fig. 3F) . These experiments demonstrate that SP5-2 increased the therapeutic efficiency of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin and vinorelbine with less toxicity.