Family V had infected members across two generations and two genotypes: In 2006, the mother (V1W) and daughter (V2F) were infected with subgenotype D1 while the son (V2M) had a CD1 recombinant. In 2007, the daughter (V2F) had subgenotype D1 while other family members had HBV DNA levels below the detection limit of the nested PCR assay.