Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of published reports on the predictive value of risk factors for lymph node metastases (LNM) in pT1 colorectal cancer in order to provide a rationale for choosing follow-up or radical surgery after local excision. Method: Local excision is an attractive treatment option for colorectal cancer, but is only safe in the absence of LNM. Several pathological factors have been associated with LNM, however it remains unclear how to integrate these in clinical decision making. Results: A Pubmed search revealed 17 studies totaling 3741 patients. Strong predictors of LNM were lymphatic invasion (RR 5.2 [95 % CI 4.0-6.8]), budding (RR 5.1 [95 % CI 3.6-7.3]), and high grade histology (RR 4.8 [95 % CI 3.3-6.9]). Deep submucosal invasion was also strongly associated with LNM, however in a risk stratification model this factor was of limited added value. Conclusion: The absence of lymphatic invasion, budding and high grade histology may justify withholding radical surgery. The independent role of submucosal invasion depth is probably limited. Models for risk stratification based on these factors need to be validated. Objective: Dendritic S100+ cells in intestines have been described in more studies. Their connection to S100+ fibres of nervous system is lesser of an object of interest. Method: We have processed the samples of intestinal mucosa of people with Crohn's disease and colitis ulcerosa by the means of form-paraffine technique and anti S100 antibodies. Results: In lamina propria and in submucosa at Crohn's disease were S100+ the fibres of various width and orientation. Outside of them the diffusely scattered round S100+ mononuclear cells could be seen. Contrary to colitis ulcerosa the granulation tissue at Crohn's disease contains in the area around abscesses a thick accumulation of S100+ cells and this is similar also in the formed lymphoid tissue. Conclusion: The positive fibres can be seen in submucosa at the edge as well as in LPM between the bases of the glands. In between the plexus/ring and longitudinal muscle there are massive bands of connective tissue which contains bundles S100+ of ganglion cells and nerve fibres. The fibres are present in ring as well as in longitudinal muscle. In this area S100+ fibres can also be seen in vessel walls. Numerous bundles of granulatory tissue do not contain positively reacting substance. In the basal part lamina propria there are visible S100+ cells as well as long, smooth, positively reacting fibres.