The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and UNAIDS, for example, have unequivocally stated that "any restrictions on these rights [to liberty of movement and choice of residence] based on suspected or real HIV status alone, including HIV screening of international travelers, are discriminatory and cannot be justified by public health concerns" [15] because while HIV is infectious, it cannot be transmitted through casual contact [16] . Those countries without HIV-related entry, stay, and residence restrictions have not reported any negative public health consequences [17] .