HIV-related NGOs have been established since 1992. In 2009, roughly 19 NGOs provided HIV/AIDS prevention education, counseling, anonymous testing, shelter, and care. One in particular, the Living with Hope Organization, a project of Taiwan's Society of Preventive Medicine, initiated HIV/AIDS prevention education for drug-using offenders in correctional institutions in 2004, the year when warning signs of an HIV epidemic among IDUs appeared.