Approach. Routine diagnosis of FMD is made at several laboratories by the combined use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), virus isolation techniques, supplemented by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and so forth, which has been already discussed. However, most of these diagnostic methods require the availability of a dedicated laboratory facility, highly trained laboratory personnel, stable reagents, multistep sample handling or preparation, and management of the logistical considerations associated with sample collection and transport is also required [122] . A rapid and easy-toperform test, which would allow for on-site diagnosis to be made in the case of a suspected disease outbreak, would circumvent problems associated with the transportation of samples to the laboratory and would be especially useful for a faster diagnosis in areas where the disease is endemic. Availability of "point of care" or "pen-side" diagnostic tests would have the advantage of rapid, user friendly, correct identification of a particular strain and economically feasible diagnosis of FMD in field condition. Development of a rapid chromatographic strip test, lateral flow device (LFD) for penside diagnosis based on a monoclonal antibodies that reacts against FMDV of all seven serotypes [170] .