The choice of relevant ITs is further based on knowledge of the immune system. This highly interactive and cooperative system is classically separated into two arms referred to as innate and adaptive, which produce a combined response. Innate immunity is the first line of defence. Its activation is non pathogen-specific and depends on the recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogenassociated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides constituting bacterial cell walls [5] . Innate immunity involves physical barriers, innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, natural killers (NK cells) or cd T lymphocytes, and inflammatory cytokines such as IL1B, IL6 and TNF. Adaptive immunity is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific ''non-self'' antigens via a process of antigen presentation and results in an immunological memory. Adaptive immunity is divided into cell-and humoral-mediated immunity with different effector functions [6] .