Except the first strain of L. hongkongensis isolated from the blood and empyema pus of a patient which represented a non-motile variant, all L. hongkongensis strains, whether from human diarrheal stool, fish intestine or environmental water, are motile with polar flagella. The ability to sense and respond to environmental signals is important for survival in changing ecological niches. A total of 47 CDSs are related to chemotaxis, of which 27 encode methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) and 20 encode chemosensory transducer proteins. While most MCPs are scattered throughout the genome, the transducer proteins are mostly arranged in three gene clusters ( Figure  S1 ). At least 38 genes, in six gene clusters, are involved in the biosynthesis of flagella ( Figure S2 ).