To further characterize the inhibitory effects of MO on JEVinduced neuronal death, brain sections from all the treatment groups were subjected to thionin staining. Numerous healthy cells were seen in sections obtained from Sham, JEV+39 MO and JEV+59 MO groups when compared to sections belonging to only JEV-infected or JEV+SC-MO groups which contained numerous unhealthy/dying neurons with altered morphology ( Figure 4A ).