We and others have demonstrated that small RNA oligonucleotides are able to mimic the function of frameshifter pseudoknots or hairpins by redirecting ribosomes into new reading frames (27, 28) . In this article, we have investigated the length and concentration of RNA oligonucleotides for optimal frameshifting, as well as the effects of introducing LNA-type sugars in DNA oligonucleotides.