Predictions were compared with instances of known binding motifs from TRANSFAC (40) , and 8 of the 13 predictions (61.5%) resembled known binding sites for 10 TFs (Table 1) . Of the 10 TFs, 7 have been identified in the CNS of rodents: SP-1 (46); AP-2, TST-1 (POU3F1), OCT-1 (POU2F1), OLF-1 (47); CP-2 (48); and RREB-1 (49) . Furthermore, previous analyses of GABR promoter regions agree with our predictions that assign putative regulatory roles to SP-1, OCT-1, OLF-1 in the regulation of GABRs (29) . We chose to validate novel motif predictions with EMSAs and functional studies in primary cultured neurons.