A succinct summary of the parameters associated with each independent variable is presented in Table 3 , along with a small selection of regression diagnostics. While the coefficients (beta) linking each independent to the dependent variable remain substantially unchanged, the Minkowski distance leads to increased values of their associated t test: the t values increase thanks to a reduction of the variance associated with the estimates. All the independent variables benefit, in varying degrees, from the modified distance model. Likewise, the regression diagnostics indicate that the distance model does not appreciably affect the overall goodness of fit (represented by the Differences between road distance and distance metrics Figure 3 Differences between road distance and distance metrics. pseudo-R 2 ), but it does noticeably impact the autoregressive coefficient and, more importantly, the spatial dependence in the regression residuals.