Methods: In this retrospective study, records of 976 patients who attended our OPD between July 2004 to August 2008 were reviewed. Patients having hepatic SOL and/or heterogeneous echotexture of liver on USG and/or CT scan were included. Diagnosis of HCC was confirmed at USG guided fine needle aspiration cytology with or without elevated serum AFP (>500 ng/ml). Results: Of the 976 patients, 75% (732/976) had HBV infection. HCV infection was diagnosed in 17% (165/976). NASH was responsible for 5% (49/976) cases, alcohol in 1% (10/976), while in the rest 2% (20/976) cases no specific aetiology could be established. Conclusion: The study shows that HBV is the commonest cause for HCC in Bangladesh followed by HCV. Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load and antiviral therapy is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. Methods: This retrospective study involved 93 patients who underwent hepatic resection or radiofrequency ablation for initial HCC curative treatment. The patients were divided into four groups. Fifteen patients with low serum HBV DNA levels ( 4 log10 copies/ml) at the time of initial HCC treatment received antiviral therapy (lamivudine, adefovir, dipivoxil, entecavir) before HCC appeared (pre antiviral therapy group; pre-TG). Thirty-four had low serum HBV DNA levels without antiviral therapy (low virus group; LVG). Fourteen had high serum HBV DNA levels and received antiviral therapy after HCC appeared (post antiviral therapy group; post-TG). Thirty patients had high serum HBV DNA levels without antiviral therapy (high virus group; HVG). Results: The cumulative HCC recurrence rates at 3 years in the HVG, LVG, pre-TG, and post-TG groups were 68.9%, 42.2%, 44.3%, and 57.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in the HCC recurrence rates between the HVG and LVG groups (P = 0.016), and between the HVG and pre-TG groups (P = 0.013). The recurrence rate was lower, though not significantly, in the post-TG group than in the HVG group (P = 0.18). Conclusions: Not only HBV DNA viral load but also antiviral therapy is associated with HCC recurrence. Antiviral therapy before HCC appears is important for patients with high serum HBV DNA levels to prevent HCC recurrence. Background/aims: Few reports have described methods for predicting prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, especially those treated by repeated transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE). To determine risk factors for death and determine prognosis in patients treated with repeated-TAE, we evaluated clinical data. Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters of 224 unresectable HCC patients treated with repeated-TAE from January 1997 to December 2007. TAE was repeated when recurrence was diagnosed by tumor marker elevation and/or dynamic computed tomography findings. Factors affecting survival were evaluated using multivariate analysis after univariate analysis. Next, we combined the score for each significant factor into a single prognostic score, after which the results were compared with JIS and CLIP score methods. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that bilobular HCC, alpha-fetoprotein ( 400 ng/ml), tumor invasion of the portal vein, tumor size ( 10 cm), and albumin (<2.8 g/dl) were related to poor prognosis, Using those 5 factors, we developed a new prognostic scoring system. The 50% survival period was 29.2 months for all subjects, while it was 54.6, 29.2, 15.0, 5.6, and 1.0 months for those with scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 or over, respectively (P<0.0001), using our new system. CLIP score was not useful to predict prognosis, while JIS score was better. However, subjects with JIS scores of 1 and 2 were difficult to differentiate. Conclusion: Our scoring system was easy to perform and the results showed that repeated-TAE was effective for unresectable HCC with a score of 2 or less.