The actual biochemical functions provided by eEF1A for (+)RNA virus replication are currently poorly understood. In case of WNV, eEF1A is co-localized with the WNV replicase in the infected cells and mutations in the WNV (+)RNA within the mapped eEF1A binding site have led to decreased minus-strand synthesis [46] . On the contrary, eEF1A was shown to enhance translation but repressed minus-strand synthesis of TYMV in vitro [37, 47, 48] . Overall, eEF1A likely plays a role in the replication of many RNA viruses. The interactions of eEF1A with viral RNAs and viral replication proteins and its high abundance in cells might facilitate recruitment of eEF1A into virus replication. eEF1A has been shown to interact with the components of the tombusvirus replicase, including the 39-UTR of the repRNA, as well as the p33 and p92 pol replication proteins [25] . eEF1A is also known to interact with the yeast Tdh2p (GAPDH) [49] , which is also a component of the tombusvirus replicase. Overall, the multiple interactions of eEF1A with various components of the tombusvirus replicase could be important for eEF1A to regulate yet unknown functions of the viral replicase complex.