Parasitic threats to honey bee colonies include viruses, Nosema, bacteria, and Crithidia. The majority of honey bee infecting viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of the Picornavirales order. They include acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) [12] , black queen cell virus (BQCV) [13] , Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV) [14] , Kashmir bee virus (KBV) [15] , deformed wing virus (DWV) [16] , sacbrood virus (SBV) [17] , and chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) [18] (reviewed in Chen and Siede, 2007 [19] ).