The Philippines also has needle-and syringe-exchange programmes; they started in 1995 in Cebu City (PNAC 2008; Ball et al. 1998) . Currently, 800 IDUs receive prevention services and clean needles/syringes at three major outreach locations. Antiretroviral treatment has been provided free since 2005, and the STI AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory offers a baseline CD4 count for free. Recently, 390 PLHIV were enrolled for drug treatment and were receiving extended care and support services (Mesquita et al. 2008; Asian Development Bank 2007) . Together, NGOs, local health departments, and stakeholders provide harm-reduction services, including outreach, peer education, psychosocial support, provision of clean needles and syringes, and treatment for STIs and other health-related concerns.