There is only one published SAGE report using the rat electrical kindling model of mesial temporal lobe. Unlike most electrical kindling models, marked neuronal cell loss and gliosis is seen histologically in the electrical kindling model utilized by Hendriksen et al with a latent period of between 1 and 2 weeks following electrical kindling of the angular bundle and the appearance of spontaneous seizures. As such, hippocampal harvest was performed 8 days after the final electrical stimulation, prior to the commencement of spontaneous seizures and during the process of epileptogenesis. Over 10 000 tags were analyzed in both stimulated and control groups resulting in SAGE libraries containing 5053 and 5919 different unique tags respectively. There were 92 differentially expressed genes, predominantly associated with ribosomal proteins, protein processing and axonal growth and glial proliferation (42) .