Earlier it was shown that the BMV-based heteromolecular system can be used as an effective tool for investigating the mechanism of homologous and non-homologous recombination, although it is only suitable for testing the recombination activity of the sequences derived from the 3 0 -portion of BMV RNA1 or RNA2 (30, 33) . To overcome this problem, we attempted to create a new universal recombination in vivo system. The collected data suggested that a BMV RNA3-based homomolecular system would best fulfill our expectations. To confirm the correctness of the above presumption, to determine the efficacy of the homomolecular system and to compare it with the heteromolecular one, two mixed homoheteromolecular systems were constructed-one to study homologous (MatH-BMV) and the other non-homologous (MatNH-BMV) recombination.