The most profound hepatic histopathology was found in animals treated with both AMD and LPS (Fig. 5D ). All these rats had a mild-to-marked fibrinopurulent capsulitis with occasional subcapsular necrosis similar to that found in the AMD-treated rats, but in addition, all these animals had conspicuous areas of midzonal hepatocellular necrosis. The latter lesion ranged from widely scattered focal areas of necrosis in midzonal regions to widespread hepatocellular necrosis with coalescence of affected midzonal and occasionally centriacinar regions (bridging necrosis). Accumulations of neutrophils (inset, Fig. 5D ) were present in all these necrotic regions. Periportal regions were spared of AMD/LPS treatment-related injury. Rats were treated with AMD (0-400 mg/kg, ip) and 16 h later with saline or LPS (1.6 3 10 6 EU/kg, iv). (B) Rats were treated with AMD (400 mg/kg, ip) or its vehicle and 16 h later with LPS (0-1.6 3 10 6 EU/kg, iv). Serum ALT activity was measured at 10 h after LPS administration for both data sets. # indicates significantly different from respective groups not given LPS; * indicates significantly different from respective group not given AMD. p < 0.05, n ¼ 3-14.