Inactivates the superfamily of MAP kinase Inhibition of proliferation and differentiation Caunt et al. [17] anabolic effect on cells. In particular, they are consistent with abundant preclinical and clinical findings showing a positive effect of PEMFs on osteogenesis. Stimulation by PEMFs induces bone healing in patients, shortens the time of healing processes, and stimulates healing of nonunions. Exposure to PEMFs acts on cell behavior in different ways. More specifically, PEMFs stimulate cell proliferation and induce osteoblastogenesis and differentiation of osteoblasts. Moreover, PEMFs promote ECM apposition and mineralization, and decrease degradation and absorption processes of ECM. These data suggest a more comprehensive explanation of the observed clinical effect of PEMFs on the induction of osteogenesis. Given their broad effects, PEMFs might be useful in other fields such as regenerative medicine. Virology Experts in the Boundary Zone Between Science, Policy and the Public: A Biographical Analysis This article aims to open up the biographical black box of three experts working in the boundary zone between science, policy and public debate. A biographical-narrative approach is used to analyse the roles played by the virologists Albert Osterhaus, Roel Coutinho and Jaap Goudsmit in policy and public debate. These figures were among the few leading virologists visibly active in the Netherlands during the revival of infectious diseases in the 1980s. Osterhaus and Coutinho in particular are still the key figures today, as demonstrated during the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1). This article studies the various political and communicative challenges and dilemmas encountered by these three virologists, and discusses the way in which, strategically or not, they handled those challenges and dilemmas during the various stages of the field’s recent history. Important in this respect is their pursuit of a public role that is both effective and credible. We will conclude with a reflection on the H1N1 pandemic, and the historical and biographical ties between emerging governance arrangements and the experts involved in the development of such arrangements. With the recent outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1), better known as swine flu, familiar faces became even more familiar. In the Netherlands, the experts who not only frequently informed the public and investigated the virus, but also predicted the pandemic's course and handled public health policy problems, were figures that had assumed this role ever since the 'revival' of infectious diseases in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The general public, politicians, journalists and sceptics alike were already familiar with their names and faces, reputations and views, and even with their tactics and styles of handling such affairs.