Background; The presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) as the risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes and predictive factors after hepatic resection for HCC with MVI. Methods; One hundred and ten patients who underwent curative resection for HCC were included in this retrospective study. The risk factors of these patients for recurrence-free and disease-specific survival were investigated, and the clinicopathological factors predicting the presence of MVI were also evaluated. Result; Multivariate analysis showed that cirrhosis and MVI were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival. The 2-year recurrence-free survival rates for patients with and without MVI were 44.6% and 76.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of tumors, presence of MVI, and IM were identified as independent predictors of disease-specific survival. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates for patients with and without MVI were 59.3% and 92.0%, respectively. By univariate analysis, MVI was significantly associated with greater tumor size, gross classification, histological grade, and intrahepatic micrometastasis (IM). Gross classification proved to be the only independent predictive factor for MVI by multiple logistic regression analysis. The gross classification could be evaluated by preoperative imaging diagnosis. Conclusion; MVI is strongly associated with recurrence and survival in HCC patients after curative resection. Furthermore, gross classification of HCC can be helpful in predicting the presence of MVI. Background: HCC is a common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. PXD101 is a novel, low molecular weight, histone deacetylase inhibitor. This phase I study aims to determine dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Methods: Patient eligibilities include unresectable disease, ECOG 2, adequate organ functions. PXD101 was given intravenously on day 1-5 every 3 weeks; dose levels were: 600 (level 1), 900 (level 2), 1200 (level 3) and 1400 mg/m 2 /day (level 4). DLTs are defined as grade 4 hematological toxicity or grade 3/4 non-haematological toxicity during cycle 1 (according to NCI CTC v3), or treatment delay >2 weeks. The MTD is defined as the dose below which > 2 of 3 or > 2 of 6 patients experiencing DLT. Results: 18 patients were entered; level 1 (3), level 2 (3), level 3 (6) and level 4 (6). Grade 3/4/5 toxicities in cycle 1 included: raised ALT 1/0/0, diarrhea 1/0/0, abdominal distension 1/0/0, anaemia 1/0/0. A total of 56 cycles were administered; overall grade 3/4/5 toxicities: raised ALT 1/0/0, bilirubinaemia 1/0/0; cardiac ischaemia 1/0/0; diarrhoea 1/0/0, abdominal distension 2/0/0, anaemia 2/0/0; variceal haemorrhage 1/0/0; hypercalcaemia 1/0/0; hyperkalaemia 0/1/0; hyponatraemia 1/1/0; infection 2/0/0; liver dysfunction 0/2/0; muscle weakness 1/0/0; abdominal pain 1/0/0; prolonged QTc 1/0/0; syncope 1/0/0; seizure 1/0/0. There were 3 SD and 15 PD. Conclusion: At the maximum dose of 1400 mg/m 2 /day, MTD has not been reached. PXD101 is very well tolerated. Sponsor: The Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, USA.