Bronchial smooth muscles cells are involved during the progression of asthma development by secretion of cytokines as well as remodelling due to proliferation. Eosinophils have been found located in close proximity with smooth muscle cells. ECP does not influence smooth muscle cells by causing BHR [90] but high levels of ECP, similar to used for epithelial cells, appears to be cytotoxic, inducing cell death by necrosis in 1 hr. TNF alpha in contrast causes apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells [109] .