Objective: CXCR4 and its chemochine ligand CXCL12 seem to play an important role in the process of tumor metastasis and, possibly, homing of metastatic tumor cells. The chemochine seems to be responsible for creating microenviromental predispositions for survival of metastatic cells, in a similar way it is done for developing immuno-competent cells. In contrast, expression of CXCL 12 in primary tumor cells, is thought to be associated with lower metastatic potential. CXCR4 is expressed in a wide range of tumors, and is thought to be crucial for the metastatic process and tissue-specific spread firstly of breast and prostate cancer. The role of CXCR4 signaling has been poorly evaluated in carcinoids in general and not at all in pulmonary carcinoids. Method: Immunohistochemically we investigated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in pulmonary carcinoids. Results: Together 60 tumors (47 typical and 13 atypical) where investigated. In 6 there was a metastatic process (in 4 typical and 2 atypical). Ligand CXCL12 expression was negative in all of the metastatic tumors and in two without known metastasis in contrast to only two non-metastatic tumors showing negative reaction. CXCR4 positivity was found in both metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoids. The other investigated parameters where present in both metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. Objective: To evaluate COL V and decorin expression in pulmonary tissue and to characterize biochemical profile of COLV from lung fibroblasts culture from SSc patients. Method: We evaluated COL V and decorin expression and tridimensional reconstruction (3D) of 6 patients with SSc without pulmonary hypertension that underwent surgical lung biopsy and as control was obtained lung fragments from 6 normal individuals who died from trauma. COL V amount in lung sections was evaluated with immunofluorescence. To biochemical characterization of COL V from lung fibroblasts culture was used quantitative immunoblot. Results: It was found that the structure of COL V fibers was distorted and strongly thickened in lung tissue from SSc patients compared with thin fibers pattern in the healthy controls. Decorin was distributed around COL V fibrils in the bronchovascular interstitium and vascular walls. Histomorphometric analysis of SSc lung demonstrated increased expression of both COL V and decorin when compared to the control (p < 0.01). The semiquantitative imunoblot detected an increased high molecular weight COLV fraction in patients when compared to the control. Conclusion: The over expression and unusual organization of COLV fibers with biochemical changes associated to increased decorin indicates that matrix signalization pathway is involved in COLV fibrillogenesis process in SSc pulmonary fibrosis. Objective: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a new method used during bronchoscopy by means of special miniprobe Alveoflex and based on the visualization of intraalveolar structures which possess autofluorescence. Aim: to compare the visual signs of a healthy and pathologically changed lung tissue received at pCLE in patients with infiltrative and local lung nodules with the diagnosis, delivered by light microscopy. Method: An autopsy and surgical material was fixed in 10 % neutral formalin solution and was analyzed by studying with a new method for visualization of structures. Histological specimens were studied at that spaces, where the pCLE was applied. We compared our results by using qualitative method. Results: Normal lung tissue structures include alveolar septum with the high light emission and light-negative spacesthe alveolar spaces. In case of pneumonia alveolar septum were saved, but the light density of alveolar spaces was higher in compare with the normal tissue. In case of alveolar proteinosis we observed unique globules, which had the highest light emission. We found out several authentic signs, which are representative for each kind of pathological feature. Moreover, we revealed some other characteristics, which help us to distinguish some types of lung cancer. Conclusion: pCLE can be used as an additional method of noninvasive diagnostics in vivo.