When exploring the potential interaction of PSG1 with nonimmune cells, we found that PSG1 induced the proangiogenic factor TGFB1 in different primary endothelial cells, HEEC, the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, and two firsttrimester extravillous trophoblast cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and SGHPL-4. Of the cells listed above, VEGFA induction was only observed in the HTR-8/SVneo and SGHPL-4. Therefore, PSG1 could potentially play a role in trophoblast invasion, migration, and differentiation through its ability to regulate VEGFA secretion in EVT.