In this study, we evaluated the risk for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in HCWs compared with the risk for such infection in a control group, as well as the factors associated with infection. HCWs had slightly higher rates of seropositivity than nonclinical staff; however, this difference was not statistically signifi cant. Our data are supported by results of another recent study, which found that being a HCW was not a risk factor for serologically confi rmed seasonal infl uenza virus infection and that the risk of HCWs acquiring infl uenza was more strongly associated with household than workplace exposure (12) . That study found a seroconversion rate of 11.2% in HCWs and 10.3% in non-HCWs. However, it examined only doctors and nurses, whereas our study included other types of frontline HCWs. Another study reported a seroprevalence for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 of 26.7% in HCWs, which was not signifi cantly different from the seroprevalence of the general population (13) . Neither of these studies examined use of PPE.