Artemisinin, a Chinese herb traditionally used as an anti-malarial drug, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of NF-kB (49) . It, too, protects against lethal endotoxemia (50) thus warranting its consideration as a potential influenza treatment. Chloroquine possesses antiviral (51) and anti-inflammatory activities (52) and has already been suggested as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza (23) .