Developing countermeasures against RVFV is important for the prevention of RVF outbreaks or decreasing impact of RVFV introduction. A number of candidate vaccines are under development including live-attenuated vaccine [29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40] , formalin-inactivated vaccine [41, 42] , subunit vaccine [43] , virus-like particle [44, 45, 46, 47] , nonspreading RVFV replicon [48, 49] , viral vectors [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56] , and DNA vaccines [57, 58, 59] . For treatment of ongoing outbreaks, several antivirals have been tested for RVFV infection. Liposome-encapsulated ribavirin is effective to treat RVFV infection in mice [60] , while a potent IFN inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-Lysine and carboxymethyl cellulose [Poly(LCIC)] are effective in combination with ribavirin [61] . Therapeutic administration of IFN-a into rhesus monkeys infected with RVFV also limits RVFV replication [62] . The 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (T-705) is shown to be more effective to inhibit RVFV replication than ribavirin [63] , while antiviral small molecule, LJ001 was shown to be effective to numerous enveloped viruses including RVFV [64] . These studies suggest that increased innate immune responses could inhibit RVFV replication in addition to antivirals specific to viral proteins.