Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is defined as the progressive deterioration of function that occurs in several organs or systems in patients with septic shock. Zymosan-induced generalised inflammation reproduces the characteristics of human MODS, and has been used to evaluate new therapies [140] . Rinaldi et al. investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, on their signal transduction, and on organ dysfunction during zymosan-induced MODS. They reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of HBO is associated with the inhibition of TLR signaling, and suggest that HBO therapy is effective at reducing systemic inflammation and associated organ dysfunction in this model [141] .