With the evidence of upregulation of three major pathways (NF-kB, IFN and ubiquitin) by microarray, we decided to pursue these pathways with further confirmation and validation. Firstly, we chose 59 genes from the three major pathways that were upregulated in the HepG2 cell line as shown by microarray. Secondly we selected another 36 genes which had a functional association with these pathways or might otherwise be associated with dengue infection. A Taqman Low Density Array (LDA) was then constructed for these 95 genes in order to confirm their (Table S2) , indicating a high rate of validation of the genes detected by microarray.