2.3.1. Bat distribution. We conducted a countrywide survey of the distribution and infection status of the two Pteropus species in peninsular Malaysia. We located 14 active P. vampyrus roost sites across peninsular Malaysia, four P. hypomenlanus roosts on islands surrounding the peninsula and one mixed roost near Langkawi Island off the northwest coast. We estimated the current distribution of Pteropus spp. bats in peninsular Malaysia using combined results of wildlife surveys and analysis of hunter licensing data (figure 4 and electronic supplementary material). The overall distribution of flying foxes in peninsular Malaysia is similar to that observed in a large-scale survey of flying fox populations conducted in 1999 [32] , although there are fewer permanent roost sites. Satellite telemetry studies show that the bats are highly mobile, moving between Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand [33] .