A comprehensive comparative analysis of host responses in FM with that of VM (from the findings of our previous study on VM [15] ) was carried out to categorize the common and unique proteomic alterations in human serum in Pf and Pv infections. Almost half (46.2%) of the total identified proteins were commonly modulated in both plasmodial infections; however, the magnitude of proteomic alteration was different in these two types of malaria (Figure 2A and D). Compared to healthy controls, quite a few serum proteins such as calcium binding protein 39, calpain 10, regulator of G-protein signaling 7, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase and transthyretin precursor were found to be differentially expressed in FM but not VM. In contrary, some proteins like ceruloplasmin, vitamin D-binding protein, serum amyloid P, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen beta chain precursor exhibited altered expressions only in VM patients (Table S3 ). Among the 19 proteins, which were differentially expressed (compared to HC) in both of the malaria, only alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and serotransferrin precursor (transferrin) exhibited opposite trends in Pf and Pv infections. Rest of the 17 proteins exhibited similar trend of differential expression in FM and VM; although, fold-change values were different ( Figure 2D ).