S. Kaur 1 , T. Kaur 1 1 Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Background: Cholelithiasis, a gallstone disease is major cause of morbidity affecting millions of people throughout the world. Aim of the present study was to investigate the predisposing factors that lead to the formation of gallstones. Methods: The study was carried out on gallstones, bile and serum of patients. Gallstones and bile were divided into three groups' cholesterol, pigmented and mixed gallstones. Blood of the patients was divided into two groups with gallstones and without gallstones patients. Trace elements and various biochemical estimations were carried out. Clinical history of the gallstones patients was recorded from the hospital records. Results: Trace elements analysis in bile and gallstones showed that calcium is the main element in all the three types of stones. Iron was the main element in mixed gallstones. In pigmented gallstones magnesium and zinc were the major trace elements. Liver function tests and lipid peroxidation levels in sera were significantly increase whereas, antioxidant enzymes concentrations in sera were significantly decreased in patients with gallstones. Clinical history of the gallstones revealed the cases had jaundice, diabetes mellitus and estrogen replacement therapy respectively. Conclusion: Results suggest that trace elements in gallstones and bile as well as clinical history of patients with chronic cholelithiasis could be the underlying factor in the pathogenesis of gallstones. The concentration of products derived from the free radicals reactions increases with degree of inflammation. Such a condition increases risk of bile saturation which would further contribute to the progress of gallstones formation. Background and Aims: Diseases of the biliary tree and gallbladder are being described with increasing frequency among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Therefore there is a need to do a research about the risk factors of gallbladder diseases in HIV/AIDS patients. So it can be useful to clinicians to predict the possibility of a patient having gallbladder disease and consider the options of further plans. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence and varieties of gallbladder diseases in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in patients with HIV/AIDS who visited Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The risk factors (route of transmision,CD4,ARV,hepatitis) and clinical presentations were studied.Ultrasonography examinations were performed to detect gallbladder annormalities. Results: 68 patients with HIV/AIDS match the study criteria. There were gallbladder abnormalities in 22 (32.4%) subjects, which 19 (27.9%) had acalculous cholecystitis and 3 (4.4%) had cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. On bivariate analysis, there was a significant association between abdominal pain, jaundice and the use of ARV to gallbladder abnormalities (p = 0.000; 0.000; 0.004; 0.012). However, there was no association between age, sex, transmision route of HIV, hepatitis and CD4 to gallbladder abnormalities. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to opportunistic gallbladder infection. Acalculous cholecystitis is the most frequently encountered gallbladder abnormalities of HIV/AIDS patients in this study.