9.1. Curcumin. Curcumin has been shown with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against tumors in animal models and clinical trials [165] [166] [167] . The anticancer effects of curcumin have been documented in many cancers; it induces apoptosis through the death receptor mediated pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction and also induces DNA damage response by cleaving caspase-3. In addition, curcumin induces cell cycle arrest by downregulating the protein expression on cdc2 and inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma J5 cells in a time-and dosedependent manner.