Sequencing was performed directly from the clinical specimen except for samples selected by routine isolation methods on human embryonic (HE) primary fi broblast cell lines (Table) or for HRV reference serotypes. Primers used  to amplify the 5′-UTR and the VP1 and 3CD regions are  listed in online Technical Appendix 1 Table 1A (available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/5/719-Techapp1.pdf).