Following the 1967 outbreak of MVD in Europe and cases of infection with ebolavirus Reston in imported crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the USA in 1989/1990 and 1996 as well as 1992 in Italy (reviewed in [50] ), strict quarantine procedures have been put in place that have so far prevented infections acquired by imported NHPs into non-endemic countries [51, 52] . To avoid the spread of filoviruses by tourists, Python cave was closed to the public following the diagnosis of the Dutch patient in 2008.