Results: After 9 week of CsA treatment, there was important kidney lesions, including glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular: mesangial expansion, atrophy, bowman capsule enlargement, hyaline cylinders formation, tubular calcification and vascular congestion, as well as arteriolar vacuolization and arteriolosclerosis. Conversion to SRL, HT and tachycardia were reduced, accompanied by amelioration of kidney dysfunction and lesions (glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis), together with reduction of oxidative stress, proliferation and angiogenesis. Conclusion: In conclusion, SRL ameliorates CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model, which might be due to protection against oxidative stress, proliferation and angiogenesis, but these mechanisms deserve better exploitation. Acknowledgements: FCT(SFRH/BD/63962/2009).