Furthermore, neither turbidity nor Calcein reactions are sequence-specific signals-as a result non-specific amplification will also produce a strong signal-a possible cause of the NTC background fluorescence noted above. Greater analyte specificity should be possible by incorporating a fluorescent molecular beacon probe specific to an internal region of the target amplicon, thus minimizing non-specific signal. [28] Alternatively, the amplified product could be the input to a lateral flow strip test with a visual readout. [36] [37] [38] [39] Any of these potential improvements should be approached with a secondary aim of minimizing the potential for amplicon contamination from previous tests. Wherever possible, opening of the amplicon container after amplification should be avoided. This may be challenging if molecular beacon quenchers need to be added, or aliquots for ICS testing need to be removed. Regardless of how the system and assays are improved, we have clearly demonstrated that the NINA heater is an effective device that can facilitate the electricity-free amplification of NA using an isothermal technique.