PCR products were gel-purified using the QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen). Both strands of the PCR products were sequenced twice with an ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyser (Life Technologies) by using the PCR primers as sequencing primers. The sequences of the PCR products were searched against known VP2 sequences of parvoviruses in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database using BLASTN and TBLASTN.