Rabbit antibodies to gB [44] , RTA [6] ; and mouse antibodies to ORF59 were used in this study. Rabbit antibodies to phospho-ERK1/2, total ERK1/2, actin, and Egr-1 (15F7; monoclonal antibodies) purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA were used in this study. Mouse (S-25) and rabbit (15F7) antibodies to Egr-1 purchased from Santa Cruz biotechnologies, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA) were used in Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting experiments, respectively. Additionally, rabbit polyclonal antibodies (588) to Egr-1 was used in gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).