• resistance to activated protein C; • hereditary deficiency of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III; • presence of anticardiolipin antibody, antiphospholipid antibody, lupus anticoagulant, or homocysteinemia; or • recently documented (within 3 months) or highly suspected deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. • Patient's family or physician, or both, not in favor of aggressive treatment of the patient, or the presence of an advanced directive to withhold life-sustaining treatment.