Genetic variations in HIV-1 co-receptors and determinants of immunity have been shown to influence the outcome of MTCT of HIV-1 [2, 4] . Variants that result in either increased CCR5 expression or a non-functional receptor (32 base-pair deletion variant) influenced risk of vertical transmission [5, 6] . The CCR5 32 base-pair deletion is absent in African populations [7] . Genetic polymorphism of innate immunity determinants such as toll-like receptor 9 and mannose-binding protein also increased the risk of MTCT [8] [9] [10] . Discordance at the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I loci between mother and child or specific HLA alleles also protect against MTCT [11, 12] .