The two most highly upregulated chemokines were IP-10 and I-TAC. IP-10 and I-TAC are both ligands for the CXCR3 chemokine receptor and the production of these chemokines leads to the recruitment of CXCR3 expressing T cells and NK cells [31, 32] . Increased IP-10 and I-TAC expression has been seen in various viral infections, especially viral meningitis [33] . In SARS patients, elevated IP-10 early in infection was shown to be a predictor for a more severe outcome [34] . Neuronal IP-10 was shown to be involved in the recruitment of T cells in West Nile virus encephalitis [35] . Elevated I-TAC mRNA and protein has also been found in the liver of chronic Hepatitis C patients [36] . In dengue infection, various chemokines have previously been found to be induced in dengue patients, including IL-8, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES and MCP-1, but IP-10 and I-TAC have not been examined (see review [37] ).