Although inflammatory activity is mostly measured in the blood, recent studies suggested that some inflammatory activity could be measured in the saliva. This study investigated the effects of acute psychosocial stress on two salivary inflammatory biomarkers, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Fifty-seven male and female students (mean age 21.4 yrs.) were subjected to the psychosocial stress test "Trier Social Stress Test" (TSST), in which the participants were asked to deliver a speech and perform a mental arithmetic in front of two audiences. Saliva samples were taken before, during, and after TSST. Salivary IL-6 and CRP concentrations significantly increased by an average of 71% and 56%, respectively, compared to each baseline value. Both concentrations peaked during stress tasks and IL-6 and CRP levels remained elevated for 20 and 10 minutes, respectively, after the cessation of stress tasks. IL-6 response was moderately correlated to CRP response (r=.305, p<.05). These results indicated that both salivary inflammatory biomarkers are stresssensitive and could be applied for stress research. It has been reported that unfavourable prenatal conditions -such as prenatal maternal stress, drugs, tobacco smoking or medical complications -affect the intrauterine development of the fetus, and may be associated with an increased risk for physical and mental disorders in the offspring. Severe maternal stress during pregnancy affects the offspring's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and may result in longterm diseases like metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or psychiatric disorders. This phenomenon is called 'prenatal programming'. We here investigated 'prenatal adversity' as a potential risk factor in the etiophathogenesis of Borderline Personality Disorder. We assessed whether patients with Borderline Personality Disorder experienced more pre-, peri-and postnatal adverse life events than healthy controls, and tested the predictive value of these factors. One hundred patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder and 100 healthy controls underwent semi-structured interviews about the course of pregnancy, severe maternal stress, birth complications and childhood trauma. Further information was gathered from birth records, self-rating questionnaires and from close relatives of the participants. Statistical analyses revealed that mothers of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder experienced significantly more adverse life events during pregnancy compared to mothers of healthy controls (e.g. traumatic stress p=.029, low social support p=.007, severe familial conflicts p=.008 or medical complications p=.017). Logistic regression analyses revealed that prenatal risk factors explain 30.9% of variance in Borderline Personality Disorder. In particular tobacco smoking (p=.003) and medical complications (p =.006) seem to mark important risk factors. Furthermore patients with a history of early adversity show significantly more somatic comorbidities than controls (p<.001). Our findings suggest that pre-and perinatal adversity constitute important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of Borderline Personality Disorder. Background: Social conditions during childhood have been mentioned as a possible confounder in the relationship between job strain and myocardial infarction risk. However, stress theory also suggests that early experiences may modify the individual's vulnerability to later stress, for instance through learned helplessness or hopelessness. Methods: In a prospective population-based cohort (effective n= 771; 72%), we examined the association between on the one hand exposure to an adverse social environment in adolescence, measured at age 16, and job strain measured with the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ) at age 43, and on the other hand allostatic load at age 43. Adversity in adolescence was operationalised as an index comprising residential mobility and crowding, parental loss, parental unemployment, and parental physical and mental illness (including substance abuse). Allostatic load was operationalised as an index comprising body fat, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism, blood lipids, and cortisol area under curve. Results: Adversity in adolescence was associated with higher adult allostatic load in women (β=0.170, p=0.001). There was also a significant interaction between adversity in adolescence and job strain in the whole cohort (β=0.081, p=0.026), indicating that the ability to cope with the demands in working life may be negatively affected by exposures in early life. Conclusion: Exposure to an adverse social environment in adolescence was associated with increased vulnerability to job strain in mid-life, indicating that sensitivity to stress and social inequalities in health may both be partially determined by material factors in early life. Meta analyses have shown that religiousness, reflected in behavior such as frequently attending church, has documented health advantages. However, this has not been examined in HIV, nor has it been determined whether advantages of church attendance may be independent of spirituality. This study examined whether frequent church attendance is related to disease progression markers (CD4 and Viral Load (VL)) over time in people with HIV, and whether these effects may be independent of spirituality. Methods: One hundred diverse participants with HIV (men, women, African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic) answered questions about church attendance and spirituality as part of a psychosocial battery. Participants were followed every 6 months for CD4 and VL changes over 4 years. Hierarchical Linear Modeling assessed whether frequency of church attendance was associated with slope changes in CD4 or VL (log) over time controlling for baseline CD4, VL, age, gender, ethnicity, education, and spirituality. Results: Church attendance was significantly associated with slower CD4 decline (t=3.52 p =.001) but not VL. Note that the impact of church attendance was significant even above spirituality. Conclusions: Church attendance predicts slower CD4 decline in people with HIV, and these effects seem to be independent of spirituality. A discussion of why there may be benefits independent of spirituality will be discussed. Objective: To investigate the behavioral and emotional status of the migrated children one year after they were victimized from earthquake in Wenchuan. Method: Using Achenback Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), we investigated the behavioral, anxious and depressive dimensions of 513 victimized children as pupils studying in Rizhao, Shandong province ,to which they were migrated from Wenchuan, Sichuan province. The controls were local children (n=475) coming from the same schools as the victimized subjects. Results: We got 487 answered files that were validated. There were significant differences between the victimized and migrated children and the local children in CBCl's total scores, and its withdrawal, somatization complaining and anxiety-depression scores, as well as its factors such as social problem, attentional problem, attack behavior, internalizing behavior, social communication and school scores. On the SCARED and DSRSC, the two groups were significantly different in total scores of anxiety and depression as well as in such factors as somatization, generalized anxiety, separated anxiety. Conclusion: Though migrated out of the earthquake area, the victimised children still suffer obviously from behavioral problems, and anxious and depressive emotion one year after the earthquake, making it necessary to continue psycho-behavioral intervention in them. Key words: earthquake; children; behavior; anxiety; depression. Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; 2 Kurume University, Kurume, Japan and 3 Beppu University, Beppu, Japan.