Total RNA was isolated from the new leaf of the inoculated and healthy plants using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN). RT-PCR was performed using AccuPower RT/PCR PreMix (Bioneer, Daejeon, South Korea) with primers CGMMV 3 UTR (5 -TGGGCCCCTACCCGGGGAAAAGGGGGG-AT-3 ) paired with Pst I sense (5 -TAGGAAAAAACC-AGAAGATCTGCAGGAATTTTTCTC-3 ) or C5500F (5 -GTCGCTACAACTAACTCTATTATCAAAAAGGGTC-3 ). Reactions were carried out according to the manufacturer protocols. Infected plants will give a PCR-amplified product of approximately 2.2 kb (with PstI sense and CGMMV 3 UTR primers) or 0.85 kb (with C5500F and CGMMV 3 UTR primers). RT-PCR reactions were carried out for plants at 14, 21 , and 30 day-postinoculation (dpi).