The available evidence on efficacy of HB vaccination in HBsAg negative people is not robust; there are serious limitations in quality and quantity. Background: Open-label rollover study (ETV-060) assessed histologic improvement in CHB patients on at least 3 years ETV therapy. Methods: 100% nucleoside-naïve patients and 98% lamivudine (LVD)-refractory patients from ETV-053 and ETV-052 studies, respectively, entered ETV-060 study and received ETV at 0.5/1mg for greater than 96 weeks. Improvement in Knodell necroinflammatory (NI) score and Knodell fibrosis score at Weeks 48 and 148 were studied. Results: At Week 148, 95% of nucleoside-na ve patients and 56% of LVD-refractory patients achieved HBV DNA <400copies/mL. Furthermore, 95% of nucleoside-na ve patients and 93% of LVD-refractory patients had normalized ALT levels. Mean platelet counts in both naïve and LVD-refractory patients were improved at Weeks 48 and 148 compared with baseline.