Clinical manifestations in sarcoidosis are the consequences of local tissue infiltration with sarcoid granuloma. Therefore, disease expression depends on the organ or system involved and a variety of symptoms and physical findings can be observed [125] . The modes of presentation include non-specific constitutional symptoms, alone or associated with symptoms related to specific organ involvement. In the report of children with sarcoidosis in Denmark, the most common non specific symptoms were asthenia, weight loss, and fever [123] . Clinical findings mainly include respiratory manifestations, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, ocular and central nervous system abnormalities. The most common radiographic findings are hilar lymph node enlargements, with or without lung changes. Lung function abnormalities are frequently observed in children with restrictive pulmonary pattern and abnormal diffusing capacity [126] . Other investigations such as BAL documenting a lymphocytic alveolitis with increased CD4/CD8 ratio, and elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme may provide additional evidence of sarcoidosis [127] . Other granulomatous disorders in children A number of pathological situations are associated with granulomatous disorders defined by the presence of non-caseating granuloma in biopsied tissues. Infections are the main causes of other granulomatous diseases, and are in some cases related to disorders of neutrophil function such as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) [128] . Most children with CGD present with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The most frequently encountered pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus, Burkholderia cepacia, and enteric gram negative bacteria [129] . The most prominent pulmonary lesions include an extensive infiltration of the lung parenchyma and hilar adenopathy. In some situations, a homogeneous distribution of small granulomatous lesions can occur, with a radiological appearance of miliary tuberculosis.