Both toll-like receptors (TLR) and RNA helicases, such as RIG-1 and MDA-5, are critical to antiviral innate immunity [35, 36] . As a cytosolic sensor, RIG-1 binds to dsRNA and viral ssRNA that contain a 59-triphosphate not present in host RNA, and then is recruited to mitochondrial protein IPS via the CARD domain, leading to activation of NFkB, IRF-3/-7, and induction of IFN [37, 38, 39] . RIG-1 can be induced by viral infection [40] . In this study, we observed a robust induction of RIG-1 and MDA-5 in H1N1pdm-infected swine macrophages, which appeared to be suppressed completely by inhibitors of ERK1/2 or JNK1/2, but to be a much lesser extent, by the inhibitor of p38. This indicates that the induction of RIG-1 or MDA-5 depends on the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 in pig macrophages. We postulate a mechanism, therefore, that the cross-talk between MAP kinase and NFkB pathways is through the regulation of RIG-1 and maybe MDA-5, and that ERK1/2 controls the activation of NFkB, leading to the induction of IFN in swine macrophages. International Society for Disease Surveillance Conference 2011: Building the Future of Public Health Surveillance: Building the Future of Public Health Surveillance  Public health surveillance (also called field epidemiology) as defined by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the ongoing systematic, collection, analysis and interpretation of outcome-specific data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practises closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know (1) . The IDSR is a strategy of the WHO Afro region adopted by the member states in 1998 as a regional strategy for strengthening weak national surveillance systems in the African region (2, 3) . The DSNOs under the supervision of the Medical Officers of Health (MOHs) are responsible for surveillance activities within their Local Government catchment area. Therefore, their role is very crucial to the success of the IDSR strategy.