This study reveals the potential pitfalls to overinterpreting empirical results in the attempt to study robustness. First, claiming that an organism has directly evolved robustness through natural selection requires a nuanced understanding of how a given environmental stressor impacts an evolvable entity. Such knowledge can be dubious in the RNA virus context, as stressors such as UVC might impact RNA viruses in multiple ways. [30] [31] [32] Even further, if a test population evolves an adaptive response to an environmental challenge, one has to be cautious in distinguishing resistance from robustness. While both involve the ability to withstand the influence of perturbations, robustness describes a more generalized response that affects performance in multiple environments 1,2 and evolvability. 15, 16 