Table S1 Sequences of primers used in this study. (PDF) Table S2 Summary of data quality of the five successfully genotyped APOM SNPs in the full cohort (n = 1840). The clinical traits tested for IM include T2D, TG, HbA 1c , FPG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C. (PDF) Table S3 Frequencies of common haplotypes constructed by APOM SNPs rs805297, rs904941, and rs707922. (PDF) Table S4 Haplotype C-T-T formed from SNPs rs805297(C-1065A), rs9404941(T-855C), and rs707922 (G+1837T) and clinical characteristics of T2D patients. Values are either number of subjects, mean 6 SD, or geometric mean (95% confidence interval). p values here represent the comparisons between subgroup of homozygotes of C-T-T haplotype vs. subgroup with one C-T-T haplotype and without C-T-T haplotype (a recessive model). p values are adjusted for age, sex, BMI and disease duration in T2D. In non-diabetic controls, the p values without parentheses are adjusted for age, sex and BMI. ''+/+'' represent the homozygote of haplotype C-T-T, ''+/2'' represent the heterozygote of haplotype C-T-T, ''2/2'' represent the subgroup who do not have the haplotype of C-T-T. Individuals on lipid lowering medications (n = 90) were excluded for association analysis with lipid traits. * statistical significance (p,0.0125). (PDF) Non-Invasive Microstructure and Morphology Investigation of the Mouse Lung: Qualitative Description and Quantitative Measurement BACKGROUND: Early detection of lung cancer is known to improve the chances of successful treatment. However, lungs are soft tissues with complex three-dimensional configuration. Conventional X-ray imaging is based purely on absorption resulting in very low contrast when imaging soft tissues without contrast agents. It is difficult to obtain adequate information of lung lesions from conventional X-ray imaging. METHODS: In this study, a recently emerged imaging technique, in-line X-ray phase contrast imaging (IL-XPCI) was used. This powerful technique enabled high-resolution investigations of soft tissues without contrast agents. We applied IL-XPCI to observe the lungs in an intact mouse for the purpose of defining quantitatively the micro-structures in lung. FINDINGS: The three-dimensional model of the lung was successfully established, which provided an excellent view of lung airways. We highlighted the use of IL-XPCI in the visualization and assessment of alveoli which had rarely been studied in three dimensions (3D). The precise view of individual alveolus was achieved. The morphological parameters, such as diameter and alveolar surface area were measured. These parameters were of great importance in the diagnosis of diseases related to alveolus and alveolar scar. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that IL-XPCI had the ability to represent complex anatomical structures in lung. This offered a new perspective on the diagnosis of respiratory disease and may guide future work in the study of respiratory mechanism on the alveoli level. Many lung diseases alter the morphology of the lung tissue [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Unfortunately, due to the limitation of resolution and contrast, at the early stage of the disease, minor pathological changes can not be discerned by conventional absorption-based imaging techniques. For example, lung cancer is one of the most common diseases with low survival rates worldwide; early detection of the lung cancer is known to improve the chances of successful treatment. But in most cases, cancer has been detected in the terminal stage and is impossible to be cured [1, 5, 7] . As a result, it is of great importance to image micro-structures in lung to enable early detection.