M. Sharaf-Eldin 1 , H. El Batae 1 , N. Abd EL-Ghaffar 2 , W. Rasheed 2 1 Tanta Faculty of Medicine , Egypt., 2 National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt Aim: We aimed to characterize serum cytokine levels of interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1 ) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) in HCV infected patients & in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison to control group and their possible use as markers of disease progression. Patients and Methods: Sixty Patients were divided into three groups: Group I: twenty HCV infected patients without cirrhotic changes. Group II: twenty HCV infected patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Group III: twenty HCV infected patients with HCC and 20 healthy subjects as control group. All patients and control group were subjected to biochemical and serological tests, anti HCV, HCV (RT-PCR) and cytokines measurements of serum IL-1 & serum IL-6 levels. Results: Showed a high statistically significant elevated serum IL-6 and IL-1 levels in patients with chronic HCV infection in comparison to control group. Highly statistically elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1 in liver cirrhosis and higher levels were found in HCC group in comparison to control group. The levels of Il-6 and IL-1 increased significantly in HCV infected patients as the disease progress. Conclusion: Serum IL-1 , and IL-6 levels are elevated in patients with hepatitis C-related liver diseases, especially in LC and HCC patients. Their levels reflect hepatic dysfunction better than liver inflammation parameters; accordingly, we may use serum IL-1 and IL-6 as markers for Liver disease progression in HCV-infected patients instead of invasive techniques.