The frequent detection of HBoVs in stool samples from both healthy children and adults supports the likelihood of long periods of viral shedding and/or frequent reinfections. Determination of whether symptoms such as diarrhea are associated with acute infection in subsequently healthy viral shedders will require quantitative viral load measurements, analysis of longitudinally collected samples, and serological assays. Whether prior infection provides any protection against reinfection with the same or different genotype or species is also unknown.