HBoV DNA was found in 149 (46%) samples in the absence of other co-pathogens (Table 3) . No statistically significant differences were observed in the proportion of cases or controls in which HBoV was found as a single organism or in the presence of one or more pathogens in the cohort as a whole, however in the 1-4 years of age group, HBoV in the absence of any other enteric pathogens was found in 29% of the cases, but in 56% of the controls (p,0.05).