Pediatric ILD comprises a large spectrum of disorders, with compelling evidence that some of these disorders are observed more frequently in infants, while others are more specific to older children. Ongoing basic research will provide new insights into the molecular basis of ILD pathogenesis (including genetic factors causing familial disease) in children, and is expected to identify important preclinical markers of disease, pathways of disease regulation, and novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention. For the future, there is a strong need for international collaboration which will allow collecting sufficiently large cohorts of patients with specific entities in order to perform proper therapeutic trials. As a prerequisite, however, a clear and standardised classification of the histopathology of the underlying conditions is critical. Such multicenter trials will help to reduce the still considerable morbidity and mortality in children with ILD. Predictive Power of Air Travel and Socio-Economic Data for Early Pandemic Spread BACKGROUND: Controlling the pandemic spread of newly emerging diseases requires rapid, targeted allocation of limited resources among nations. Critical, early control steps would be greatly enhanced if the key risk factors can be identified that accurately predict early disease spread immediately after emergence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we examine the role of travel, trade, and national healthcare resources in predicting the emergence and initial spread of 2009 A/H1N1 influenza. We find that incorporating national healthcare resource data into our analyses allowed a much greater capacity to predict the international spread of this virus. In countries with lower healthcare resources, the reporting of 2009 A/H1N1 cases was significantly delayed, likely reflecting a lower capacity for testing and reporting, as well as other socio-political issues. We also report substantial international trade in live swine and poultry in the decade preceding the pandemic which may have contributed to the emergence and mixed genotype of this pandemic strain. However, the lack of knowledge of recent evolution of each H1N1 viral gene segment precludes the use of this approach to determine viral origins. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that strategies to prevent pandemic influenza virus emergence and spread in the future should include: 1) enhanced surveillance for strains resulting from reassortment in traded livestock; 2) rapid deployment of control measures in the initial spreading phase to countries where travel data predict the pathogen will reach and to countries where lower healthcare resources will likely cause delays in reporting. Our results highlight the benefits, for all parties, when higher income countries provide additional healthcare resources for lower income countries, particularly those that have high air traffic volumes. In particular, international authorities should prioritize aid to those poorest countries where both the risk of emerging infectious diseases and air traffic volume is highest. This strategy will result in earlier detection of pathogens and a reduction in the impact of future pandemics. Predicting the origin and emergence of new diseases is critical to preventing and controlling them [1, 2] . In particular, if the early spread of a newly emerging pathogen can be predicted and curtailed before it becomes pandemic, its impact on public health and global economies may be much reduced [3, 4, 5, 6] . In March and April of 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza A virus (2009 A/ H1N1) with gene segments from humans, swine, and birds led to the first pandemic of influenza in forty years [7, 8, 9, 10] . Current evidence points to a Mexican origin for the initial human-tohuman transmission of this virus, although preliminary genetic analyses suggest the virus has an older and highly-mixed lineage [8] . The virus' lineage and rapid spread suggest that global trade and travel may have played an important role in its early emergence [7, 8] . Here, we attempt to elucidate how these factors may relate to the emergence and spread of this newly detected virus.