It is now clear that PRF is employed by organisms representing every branch in the tree of life, suggesting an ancient and possibly universal mechanism for controlling the expression of actively translated mRNAs (8) . The past few years have witnessed several reports describing in silico identification of recoding signals using a variety of computational approaches (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) . While the methodologies of each study covered a broad range of bioinformatics techniques, the general goal with the exceptions of (9, 15) was to first find out-of-frame ORFs followed by the identification of PRF signals in the overlapping region between them. While this can identify new classes of PRF signals, it is based on the assumption that PRF outcomes should mimic those observed in viral genomes and thus cannot identify new operational outcomes of frameshifting.