Immunocytochemistry confirmed the osteoclast targeting potential of our generated anti-RANK mAb in vitro. Fluorescent staining of our anti-RANK mAb was specifi-cally localized to cellular surface receptors. DAPI staining showed the successful generation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. No demonstrable FITC staining was seen for negative controls. These results support the evidence that osteoclast-like cells generated from RAW 264.7 precursor cells express the RANK receptor, and our generated anti-RANK antibody can be used as a potential osteoclast targeting platform. The successful generation of osteoclast-like cells was also confirmed by TRAP staining, which confirmed multinucleated cells with maroon-colored dye deposits due to the presence of TRAP, the enzyme that has been used as a marker of osteoclast function for more than 20 years (35) .