Abbreviations AIP, acute interstitial pneumonia; ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; DAD, diff use alveolar damage; ED, emergency department; HDU, high-dependency unit; HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; IIP, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; ILD, interstitial lung disease; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; RICU, respiratory intensive care unit; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.