In conclusion, the current cross-sectional analyses in our Japanese sample did not reveal independent associations between socioeconomic state of interests and depression. Although the two occupational stressors were associated with socioeconomic indices differently, they were consistently associated with depression. Background: There is increasing evidence that chronic diseases are associated with work stress. The mechanisms underlying these associations remain porly understood, but disturbances in cardiac autonomic control may be involved. Aims: To investigate associations between work stress, in terms of job strain and job control, and heart rate variability (HRV) over the working day. Methods: Job strain and control was measured by the Whitehall II Study job strain questionnaire, which was developed to test Karasek's job strain hypothesis of the demand-control model. HRV was measured using spectral analysis from Actiheart recordings obtained over the working day from 169 women working in Budapest, Hungary. Results: Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, educational level, BMI, social support, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep quality, working hours was used to determine the relation between job strain and job control and HRV. We found a significant positive relationship between job control and high frequency to low frequency ratio (HF/LF ratio) adjusted for covariates (p < 0.05) and a positive tendency with high frequency power during work (p < 0.1). Heart rate variability (high frequency power) after work was negatively associated with job strain (p<0,05). Conclusions: The results suggest that low job control and high job strain may contribute to the development of chronic disease through the dysregulation of highly integrated physiological systems. The findings implicate autonomic deregulation under job strain conditions, providing a powerful explanation of heart disease, as well a potential explanation of other stress-related chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to explicitly demonstrate how the cardiac regulation measured by HRV serves as the cardiovascular disease pathway for work stress. Background: Nurses are frequently exposed to work-related stressful situations. This often makes it difficult for hospitals to recruit nurses and to retain experienced staff. Current research has found that new nurses may be particularly vulnerable to job stress, and that stress levels among nurses are inversely related to job satisfaction. Purpose: To determine if nurse resident's (NRs) sense of group cohesion and organizational commitment serve as protective factors against the negative effects of preexisting trauma and current stress on job satisfaction, burnout, and fatigue. Methods: A longitudinal study of 178 nurse residents (15 male, 163 female) from Childrens Hospital Los Angeles was conducted across three time points. Levels of preexisting trauma, current stress, compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, job satisfaction, group cohesion and organizational commitment were measured. A range of regression models was developed to examine the relationships between the predictor variables (pre-existing stress and current stress), the moderating variables (group cohesion and organizational commitment), and outcome variables of interest (job satisfaction, fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction). Results: Higher organizational commitment scores provided a 'protective' effect against pre-existing trauma with respect to compassion satisfaction (R 2 =.35, p<.0001). Group cohesion was found to be a predictor of job satisfaction, and was found to have protective effects for job satisfaction from pre-existing trauma and current stress (R 2 =.25, p<.0001); it also provided direct 'protection' against burnout, which was affected by current stress (R 2 =.24, p<0.0001). Pre-existing trauma was a strong predictor of fatigue, and accounted for 50% of observed variance in fatigue scores with (R 2 =.50, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results from the study suggest that group cohesion and organizational commitment serve as protective factors against the negative effects of pre-existing trauma and current stress. The findings have implications for hospital-based interventions structured to address nurse stress, while enhancing group cohesion and organizational commitment. Nursing, Chang Gung Institiute of Technology, Tao-yuan, Taiwan and 2 Nursing, Li Shin Hospital, Tao-yuan, Taiwan.