In order to establish the role of NSs during the viral life cycle, bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the motifs present. Supplementary Fig. S1 . shows the putative amino acid sequence of GBNV-To (K) NSs along with secondary structure prediction. The protein was predicted to have 27% a helix, 25% b strand and 48% random coil. Motif search using the expasy server showed the presence of Walker motif A and B (Fig. S1 ). It may be noted that, in most ATPases Walker A motif precedes Walker B motif. However, in the NSs protein, the two motifs are reversed. Multiple sequence alignment of GBNV-(To) K NSs protein with six different tospoviruses representing different species revealed that glycine (G188) and lysine (K189) residues of Walker motif A are very well conserved across the Tospovirus genus (Fig. 1) . In TSWV and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), which show the lowest percent identity with PBNV (19% and 17%, respectively) also these residues are conserved, even though the canonical Walker A (GxxxxGKT) motif is not present in these two viruses. On the other hand, walker motif B (DExx) is conserved only in PBNV, Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMV) and Capsicum chlorosis virus (CCV) (Fig. 1 ).