Further evidence of recombination in human bocaviruses. To further determine the relationship between members of the Bocavirus genus, phylogenetic analyses of NS1, NP1, and VP1/ VP2 were performed, with use of both nucleotide sequences and deduced protein sequences (Figure 2 ). The NS1 and NP1 genes of HBoV3 clustered with HBoV1, whereas their VP1/2 gene clustered with HBoV2. The incongruence in phylogenetic association between loci provided further evidence that HBoV3 originated from a recombination event bringing together the NS1/NP1 gene of HBoV1 and the VP1/2 gene of HBoV2 [8] .