The methods used to construct the cells of the modified Haddon matrix have been detailed elsewhere [16] . In brief, a team with expertise in social science, public health and general practice reviewed objectives and strategies in WHO guidelines for preparing and responding to a pandemic [17] to define the context and potential contributions of general practice. Next, we undertook a narrative review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature on pandemic influenza to identify papers that elaborated strategies relevant for general practice. A search of the peerreviewed literature through PubMed using the terms 'general practice', 'family physician', 'family medicine' and various combinations of the terms 'influenza', 'epidemic', 'preparedness' and 'pandemic' yielded 24 eligible papers from 157 search results . The process of constructing the framework and populating the cells was informed by organisational theories that emphasise multilevel approaches to change from the individual to the broader health system [10, 18] , and by methods for measuring [5] and improving the quality [6] of public health emergency preparedness.