Due to the high FNR of a particular assay, it becomes clear that multiple assay types will likely be needed to achieve complete coverage, and that these assays should be independent or at least only partially dependent. Although the precise correlations between different assay types have not been well studied, complementarity between assays has been widely assumed and occasionally demonstrated: For instance, protein interactions have been shown to be of substantially higher confidence if they are detected in different orientations (baitprey vs. prey-bait)2; in different Y2H screens3,8,35; by different types of Y2H system such as LexA-based vs. Gal4-based36; or by both Y2H and co-affinity purification29.