Implications. This research has several important implications. First, it confirms what many women and practitioners may have believed anecdotally: that a woman's mindset during her pregnancy may have an impact on her delivery. It also raises questions about the value of positive thinking-the predominant advice given to pregnant women-versus the value of not thinking negatively. Second, it raises important questions about whether inexpensive cognitive behavioral therapy or other mindsetaltering interventions among pregnant women could be used to reduce unplanned cesarean section rates.