Psychosocial and cultural values that influenced physical activities were motivation, family values and gender. Conclusions: Results support utilization of the social ecological framework when attempting to understand the health behavior of API. The families,environment, and the local culture greatly affected the dietary and physical activities of participants with type 2 diabetes. Empowerment with knowledge and support would allow individuals and their families to take ownership of their health care and thereby equipping them with tools to develop nutritionally and physically sound health habits to control diabetes. Depression and insulin resistance (IR) each are significant predictors of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and are evident years in advance of the frank hyperglycemia of diabetes. Depression and insulin resistance (IR) each are significant predictors of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are evident years in advance of the frank hyperglycemia of diabetes. Depression is associated with factors that promote IR including inactivity, obesity, and hypercortisolemia. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis of depression-associated insulin resistance (DAIR). Seventy-six persons (mean age 52±10 years, 76% female, 39% Caucasian) with a provisional diagnosis of T2DM (i.e., not taking antihyperglycemic medication and meeting ADA criteria per study OGTT) were enrolled. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. Depression symptom severity was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Sixteen patients could be classified as depressed (i.e. DSM-IV MDD and and a BDI score ≥16) and 52 could be classified as non-depressed (i.e. no DSM-IV MDD and a BDI score <16). IR was derived from anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI)] and OGTT measurements [HOMA-IR, area under the curve for insulin (AUC-I)]. IR was uniformly higher but not statistically different in the depressed vs. nondepressed groups (BMI: 41.4±6.6 vs 37.5±8.4 kg*m-2, p=0.09; HOMA-IR: 8.0±5.6 vs 5.6±2.8,p=0.13; AUC-I: 180±123 vs 135 ±65 uU*mL-1*2 h, p=0.20). In regression analyses with baseline glucose as covariate, depression symptom severity was related to BMI (p=0.02) and trended toward prediction of HOMA-IR, and AUC-I (p=0.13 and p=0.10, respectively). These preliminary data support the plausibility of the DAIR hypothesis and the need for larger and more definitive studies. Background: The Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding has been considered the most effective intervention for morbid obesity, with higher success rates associated with this procedure. However, it appears that the results are not always kept for a long period of time, confirming the results of recent studies that found failure in 20% of bariatric surgeries. Objective: This study tries to understand factors related with failures, exploring obese expectations and their understanding of their role along this process. Method: Ten morbid obese were interviewed about the way they experienced their bariatric surgery, and the reasons and meanings of weight regain. Grounded theory was used to analyze data. Results: Speech elaboration is poor, emotional words are rare and impersonal mode is frequent. Main categories suggest a psychological "fight" between the individuals and food, a fight that sometimes they win with sacrifices, but other times they loose because their lack of control. Lifestyle changes needed to accomplish the objectives are perceived ambiguously between no responsibility in the treatment and the recognition of the need to be active on the process. Conclusions: Unsuccessfulness in bariatric surgery seems to be related with defeat in the fight with food which happens in moments of greater emotionality. This could be related with a lack of other coping strategies different from this one, contributing therefore to the regain of weight. psychosocial factors have been suggested to affect eating behavior, most previous studies were either in laboratory settings or with recalled self-reports. Therefore, valid relationships between food intake and psychosocial factors in daily life have not been fully understood. Recently, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), in which subjects record their momentary symptoms using portable computers as electronic diaries, has been used as an appropriate method avoiding recall bias. In addition, we have developed and validated personal digital assistant (PDA)based food diary with food photographs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between food intake and psychosocial factors in healthy people in daily life, using EMA and the PDA-based food diary. Twenty subjects (age 23.6±4.2 yo) wore a watch-type computer for a week and recorded their momentary psychological stress, mood states and situational information into it several times a day including just before and after meals. They also recorded into the PDA-based food diary everything that they ate and drank. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that energy intake when dining out was significantly more than that in the other situations (p=0.049) after controlling for meal types and that momentary depressive mood just before the meal was negatively associated with energy intake only for dinner (p=0.045). The results suggested possible effects of situational and psychological factor on energy intake with ecological validity and nutritional accuracy. Background: This study examined in adult Pennsylvanians from 1995 to 2005 trends in the prevalence and sociodemographic distributions of diabetes; and the associations of diabetes with selected risk factors over time. Methods: BRFSS data collected between 1995 and 2005 were used for this study. Key Measures: Diabetes prevalence was assessed by self-report of physician diagnosis. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) computed from self-report of height and weight. Analyses: Statelevel data for diabetes and associated obesity prevalence from 1995 to 2005 were reported by each year. The sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education) and the known disease risk factor obesity were reported for 1995-2005. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine associations between diabetes, sociodemographic and disease risk factors at two time points (1995 and 2005) (Hernandez-Pozo, Cerezo, Macias, et al, 2010) . 60 men and 60 women, ages 15 to 35, participated in the study, with BMI ranging from 15.05 to 38.28; 56 were underweight-normal (G1), and 64 were overweight-obese (G2). A behavioral measure for anxiety towards body weight and eating disorders consisted of a computerized discriminative 8 minutes test based on the emotional version of the Stroop task where thematic and neutral words were used as sample stimulus. Interference was computed by subtracting latencies to neutral words from latencies to thematic words, of the same length and lexical probability. Before and after the Stroop task, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored Additional self-report measures of eating disorders were recorded, by means of the Spanish version of the EAT26, CAR and SCOFF questionnaires. Results showed a significant difference between groups for RPSE (t=6.062, p<.0001) with higher scores for the heavier group, and for Beck index (t=5.159, p<.0001). Combining sex by BMI group significant differences were recorded for all three eating disorders questionnaires, with female heavier group scoring higher on CAR and SCOFF, and male lighter group scoring higher for EAT26. The puzzling finding was that no perceptual bias differences were registered for BMI groups by themselves nor combined by sex, that is, the only differences among them were in verbal self-reports. Heavier females exhibited the highest diastolic reactivity (F=8.05, df=3, p<.0001). We concluded that there is a gap between "talking about obesity and eating disorders" and the actual unconscious bias towards those themes, which might lead to postulate progressive stages of concerns about obesity and eating disorders, described by specific combinations of behavioral, physiological and verbal data. showed greater awareness than fathers. There is a significant correlation between the change in eating habits, the frequency of food intake, the avoidance and attraction to food. The majority of the parents indicated their children's weight as appropriate, which corresponded to their BMI, but they do not recognize the body image of their children. Only 40% of parents chose the images that corresponded to their children's BMI. The remaining parents chose images ranging from thinness to obesity. The BMI of the majority of the parents and children indicate that the parents and children have appropriate weight. Conclusions: Most parents recognize the importance of nutrition and physical activity and their own role in eating behaviour and physical exercise habits for their children. We examined the accuracy of self-reported energy intake (rEI) in low-income, urban minority school-aged children at risk for obesity and associated diabetes utilizing a relatively new, simple previously published prediction equation for identifying inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake. Participants included 614 nine year old boys (51%) and girls (49%). Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected. Children's height, weight (used to calculate BMI) and %BF were measured. Physical fitness, reported family history of diabetes, and ethnicity were also collected. A previously published prediction equation was used to determine the validity of rEIs in these children to identify under-, plausible-, and overreporters. Additionally, we examined the question of whether there is a difference in reporting by sex, ethnicity, BMI and %BF. On average, 18% of the children were at-risk of being overweight, 43% were already overweight at baseline, yet these children reported consuming fewer calories on average than recommended guidelines. Additionally, reported caloric intake in this cohort was negatively associated with BMI and % body fat. Using the previously described methods 49% of participants were identified as under-reporters, while 39% and 12% were identified as plausible-and over-reporters, respectively. On average, children reported caloric intakes that were almost 100% of pER when the sedentary category was assigned; Inactivity and excessive energy intake are important contributors to obesity. With the rising rates of obesity and diabetes in children, accurate measures of EI are needed for better understanding of the relationship between energy intake and health outcomes There is increasing international concern about diets high in fat, sugar and salt that contribute to the burden of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Nutritional labelling, especially of processed foods, is one population level intervention designed to achieve healthier food purchasing and consumption. A range of nutritional labels varying in information and format are being used but there is currently no consensus on the most effective labelling. A systematic literature review of the impact of nutritional labelling on behaviourally assessed food purchasing and consumption is in progress (Cochrane registration in progress). Pilot literature searches have identified 13 studies assessing behavioural outcomes and preliminary analyses conducted. Eight studies assessed the impact of labelling the calorie content of restaurant menu items and found no effect on purchasing from fast food restaurants but a reduction in calories purchased from non fast food restaurants and canteens. One study found more purchases of low fat options, labelled as such, from vending machines. Two studies assessed supermarkets purchases and, although finding no overall effect of nutritional labels, different effects of different labels were found. Specifically "traffic light" labels highlighting products with high levels of less healthy nutrients had no impact on purchasing compared to unlabelled products. In contrast, while "low trans fat" and "low calorie" labels resulted in more purchases of items thus labelled, "low fat" labels resulted in fewer purchases of items thus labelled. Finally, two related studies assessed the impact of "low fat" labels on consumption finding paradoxically greater consumption of products thus labelled with greater effects in those who were overweight. These results indicate that the impact of nutritional labels on food purchasing and consumption is modified by characteristics of the individual, of the food product labelled and of the label itself. The results further suggest that the purchase of healthier options will not necessarily result in healthier consumption. It is anticipated that the results of the full review will help to elucidate which labels most effectively promote healthy consumption across populations to inform the development of policy internationally. Accumulating scientific evidence demonstrates that e-health strategies such as dietary self-monitoring through the use of handheld computers are effective in assisting individuals to lose weight. However, it is unknown whether interpersonal coaching promotes the utilization of handheld computers to self-monitor health behaviors and whether increased utilization is associated with increased weight loss. The aim of this study was to determine whether interpersonal coaching leads to increased utilization of handheld computers for self-monitoring and weight loss in lower income multi-ethnic women. Participant women, aged 43±10 yrs among whom 85% were employed, 51% had a combined family income <$40,000, 61% were married/cohabitating, 41% were African-American, 31% White, and 28% Hispanic were randomized to either: a) self-paced use of handheld system (eSolutions, n=29); or b) use of the handheld system plus weekly interpersonal coaching sessions (eSolutions-Plus, n=25). At 12 weeks, tracking frequency was significantly higher in the eSolutions-Plus (mean: 36.6 days, SD: 20.9 days) compared to the eSolutions group (mean: 26.3 days, SD: 24.5 days, p<.05; mean tracking total: 31.6 days, SD: 23.6 days, range: 0-79 days). Regardless of group assignment, higher tracking frequency was also associated with greater weight loss (r=−.45, p<.001; mean total weight loss: −3.4 lbs, SD: 6.3 lbs, range: −18-12; e-Solutions: −3.3 lbs, SD: 7.2 lbs; eSolutions plus: −3.5 lbs, SD: 5.5 lbs; p=.919). To conclude, interpersonal coaching appears to foster the utilization of handheld computers for weight loss in lower income women. An upcoming hypothesis about the origins of type II diabetes indicates that it has roots in behaviour rather than diet and metabolism. However, little efforts have been made so far to test whether there are detectable behavioural differences in type II diabetics as compared to age matched healthy controls. Ultimatum Game and its versions have been used to assess economic behaviour such as rationality or fairness in distribution of reward. Prior studies have shown that endocrine status of an individual affects the offers made as well as acceptance levels in the ultimatum game. Individuals with low testosterone levels or high serotonin levels were shown to give as well as accept low offers which is economically more rational. Since both testosterone and serotonin are key players in type II diabetes, we examined whether the offers and acceptance levels of type II diabetics are different than age matched controls. A survey of 58 patients with type II diabetes and other metabolic syndrome disorders and 60 age matched healthy controls showed that the offers given by patients with type II diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were significantly lower than the control. BMI was poorly correlated with the economic behaviour. Further in this sample, the ultimatum game offer was a better predictor of type II diabetes than BMI. Introduction: Persistent rumination about illness is considered as the leading symptom of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Experimentally, this increased preoccupation with illness related information is reflected in prolonged attention allocation and better recognition memory for illness related stimuli. Yet, the cognitive-psychological mechanisms that underlie these alterations in cognition in health anxiety are poorly understood. In this respect, the ability to quickly and efficiently remove non-longer relevant information from working memory might be crucial. Method: Since a dimensional perspective of health anxiety is psychometrically and empirically superior to a dichotomous view (Ferguson, 2008) , the study was based on a sample of college students (N = 90) with varying levels of health anxiety. Cognitive, affective, perceptual, and behavioral aspects of health anxiety were assessed with the Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (Longley et al., 2005) . The ability to remove illness related information from working memory was measured with the modified Sternberg task (e.g., Oberauer, 2005) . In this task, illness related words (e.g., cancer, tumor) and matched neutral words (e.g., lamp, table) served as stimuli. The EZ-diffusion model (Wagenmakers, 2009 ) was used to simultaneously analyze response speed and accuracy data. Results: The ability to remove illness related words (but not neutral words) from working memory was negatively related to the behavioral facet of health anxiety (r = -.27), i.e., higher levels of hypochondriacal behavior were associated with less efficient inhibition of illness related words. Conclusion: Behavioral and interpersonal aspects of health anxiety (i.e., seeking for reassurance and social support) were found to be associated with deficits in the ability to remove illness related information from working memory. People with higher health anxiety might use behavioral strategies to distract from ongoing cognition about illness. Alternatively, certain behavioral strategies that have been acquired during childhood and adolescence may increase the salience of health threatening information leading to difficulties in their "forgetting".