The Dispanins contain several conserved motifs ( Figure 3 and 4), which are found both among eukaryotes and bacteria. The most conserved pattern is the G-D motif and the A-X(6)-A motif, both situated in the intracellular loop between the transmembrane helices that also is frequently rich in positive amino acids (K and R). The first helix is the most conserved with an alanine (A) residue and double cysteine C-C (C-F-C in the DSPB family) motif whereas a glycine (G) residue is the most conserved in the second helix. Another highly conserved motif, though only amongst the eukaryotes, is the single aspartic acid (D) on the N-terminus, flanking the first helix.