Gene sets have been defined simply as groups of genes that share common biological function, chromosomal location, or regulation [41] . Gene sets are used in highthroughput systematic analysis of microarray data using a priori knowledge. Unlike previously defined gene sets based on biological pathways or differentially expressed genes [41] , GAD disease gene sets are unique in that they are composed of genes that have been previously shown to be both polymorphic and have been determined to be genetically positively associated with a specific disease phenotype in a human population based genetic association study. Similarly, Table S5a [39] the mouse DISEASE/PHENOTYPE-to-Gene list is used as a source for gene sets for mouse phenotypes (MP gene sets) comprised of unique gene based mouse genetic models. These gene set files are currently the largest set of gene set files publicly available and the only gene sets files where each gene is based on direct human or mouse genetic studies.