Research with HAV in our laboratory awaited the development by others of means to do the investigations we desired. Although HAV had been propagated in cell culture as early as 1979 (Provost and Hilleman 1979) , it Food Environ Virol (2010) 2:1-23 7 was not until 1972 that a combination of an HAV strain and a cell culture strain that resulted in cytopathic effects and plaque formation reported (Cromeans et al. 1987) . A good deal of study on foodborne HAV had been done in the early 1990s (Cromeans et al. 1994 ). Our eventual contributions included development of an immunomagnetic method for detecting HAV in oysters (López-Sabater et al. 1997) , disinfection studies with ClO 2 (Mariam and Cliver 2000a) , and demonstration that HAV is only *90% inactivated by pasteurization in raw milk (Mariam and Cliver 2000b) .