Conditions of poverty and structural violence facilitate disease acquisition. It is straightforward to extend this analysis to document the impact of poverty on access to care and health outcomes. Since the 2001 report by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, chaired by Jeff Sachs, attention has shifted to exploring how investments in population health can spur economic growth. 25 Given that most of the developing world is engaged in physically demanding agricultural labor, health setbacks likely have a greater impact there than in the wealthy world. In economic terms, the marginal returns to good health in the labor force are higher in poorer countries. However, there are other, more nuanced channels by which ill health can affect economic prospects. These channels include the interactions among health and demography, cognition, and investment behavior.