A statistically significant increase in BMV (+)RNA4 accumulation relative to 18S rRNA was confirmed for 19 of the 23 genes (,83% confirmation) at the commonly applied false discovery rate of 5% ( Fig. 2 and Table 3 ). False discovery rate analysis is a robust statistical method that controls for multiple test variables by calculating an adjusted, more stringent p-value, termed a q-value [37] . (+)RNA4 levels were enhanced 1.5-to 8-fold in the 19 confirmed strains (Fig. 2 and Table 3 ). Similarly, levels of (2)RNA3, the replication intermediate that serves as a template for sgRNA4, were increased 1.4-to 5-fold in these strains (Table S5) .