In functional imaging using FDG-PET the tumour uptake reflects the metabolic activity of the tumour and a decrease of FDG accumulation at follow-up during and/or after therapy as compared with the base-line examination indicates treatment response. For some tumours, such as lymphoma, a visual interpretation in this regard is often sufficient but for most cancers the FDG uptake in the tumours needs to be quantified in the PET images. Usually, the standardised uptake value (SUV) is used. SUV is a measure of the tumour radioactivity concentration that is normalised to the amount of FDG injected (the injected radioactivity, Bq) and A structured mammogram report avoids ambiguous communication of information and aids audit and data collection. It should contain the following information: an assessment of the breast density (fatty, mixed or dense or use the BIRADS system of 1 -glandular tissue < 25%, 2 -scattered fibroglandular tissue 25-50%, 3 -heterogeneously dense 51-75%, 4 -> 75% fibroglandular and fibrous tissue. A description of any mass seen in the breast with the size (maximum diameter together with perpendicular measurement), the shape (round, oval, irregular), margin (sharply or well defined, indistinct or illdefined, spiculated), density of the lesion, any associated features; presence of asymmetric density or architectural distortion. If calcifcation is present then the extent in two dimensions should be given, type of particles (amorphous or indistinct calcification with tea cupping) or fine linear, branching or casting. A description of the position of the abnormality naming the quadrant of the breast or the distance from the nipple. Coarse benign calification is not ususally reported. The presence or absence of any satellite lesions is important. Several different scoring systems are used. The UK uses a 5-point system -1 -normal, 2 -benign, 3 -indeterminate, 4 -suspicious, 5 -malignant. The American BIRADS system: 0 -more imaging required, 1 -normal, 2 -benign lesion, 3 -high probability of being benign, short interval follow-up recomended, 4 -suspicious, 5 -high probability of cancer and 6 -known malignancy. Breast ultrasound (US) examinations are sometimes reported separately from mammography and sometimes reported as part of a combined examination. In either case, the structure of the report should follow some general guidelines to make the report clear and concise. The report should start with a brief description of the technology used: transducer type and frequency, type of elastography when relevant. A brief description of clinical history will follow as long as the rationale for the use of US. Findings must be reported having in mind the diagnostic accuracy of US for different clinical and/or comparative studies (i.e., US of a cancer lesion will include findings relative to staging) and with comparison to prior studies when relevant. Reporting of findings must be followed by the assessment (BI-RADS categories should be preferred) with clear management recommendations. The report should be succinct, using terminology and descriptors internationally accepted. antiretroviral drugs has been established for many years. For both a successful long-term management as well as a potential eradication of HIV, future strategies have to be capable to battle the virus where it hides. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the brain very early after exposure. The most probable way is through infected monocytes and lymphocytes that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The introduction of antiretroviral therapies (cART) has resulted in significant declines in morbidity, mortality and prevalence of opportunistic infections. Despite treatment HIV-related CNS complications have remained common. HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is considered as the most severe form of HIV-related injury. Mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) represents a milder form of impairment. An asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) was introduced to recognise individuals with impairment on neuropsychological testing who report functional limitations. Neuroimaging plays an important role in detection of HIVrelated changes in the brain. New imaging modalities (DTI, MRS) are increasingly used to measure injury within white matter tracts and regional changes in brain metabolites. This lecture will focus on the spectrum of "Neuro-AIDS disorders" and their imaging characteristics. Learning Objectives: