PET/CT scans were performed at the Harvard Medical School Imaging Core Facility. Mice were fasted for 12 h before the 18 F-FDG injections, but provided water ad libitum. For 18 F-FDG injection and imaging, mice were anesthetized using 2% isoflurane. The animals were then intraperitoneally injected with 7.4 MBq (200 mCi) of 18 F-FDG, allowed to regain consciousness, and then kept at 37uC until imaging. Imaging was started 30 min after the intraperitoneal injection. Mice were imaged in a chamber that minimized positioning errors between PET and CT to less than 1 mm. Image acquisition time was 10 min. Images were analyzed using AMIDE software [50] . All regions of interest were defined on fused PET/CT images to ensure reproducible positioning.