In the second part I will highlight some hot topics of diagnostic Neuroradiology, starting with recent changes in diagnostic guidelines, e.g. in acute stroke, where MRI become the first modality of choice. Then I will continue with lesser-known but nevertheless important diseases: the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and the neonatal asphyxia. I will detail the up-to-date MRI protocols, the differential diagnostic questions and the possible pitfalls. Original clinical cases illustrating the importance of appropriate imaging modalities in the right interpretation of neurological symptoms and evaluation of correct diagnosis are presented. The role of clinical history and disease course are accented. The spectrum of pathologies includes vascular, inflammation, metabolic, degenerative diseases and tumours of the central nervous system. Each case story is described shortly in a standard form followed by demonstration of typical CT and/or MRI images. In some cases conventional MRI is supplemented by MR spectroscopy, DTI and MR tractography images. Follow-up images are presented where appropriate. Several diagnostic options are offered for attendants. The audience will be asked to participate in the diagnostic process by the use of voting pads. After highlighting of final diagnosis the basic differential diagnostic considerations will be summarised and emphasised from the clinical and imaging point of view for each presented case. Learning Objectives: