A newly developed intradermal DNA delivery is the tattoo technology. The tattoo device has a cartridge of nine fine metal perforating needle that oscillate at a constant high frequency and puncture the skin, leading to DNA transfer to skin-associated cells. The expression of reporter genes results in robust T-cell responses [109] . Recently tattooimmunization was applied in a phase I study to assess the toxicity and efficacy of inducing tumor-specific T-cell immunity against melanoma [53] .