VSV is a prototype negative-sense single-stranded RNA (Mononegavirales, (-)ssRNA) virus and a member of the family Rhabdoviridae [18, 19] , which includes rabies virus. Each VSV particle has a single copy of an 11-kb genome carrying five genes that encode nucleocapsid (N), phospho (P), matrix (M), envelope (G), and polymerase (L) proteins. VSV is economically important because it can cause symptoms like those of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock [19] . It offers several advantages as a vaccine vector including low seropositivity in humans, a capacity to accommodate foreign genes up to 40% of its own genome size, and an established reverse genetics [18, 20] . Recombinant forms of VSV carrying foreign virus genes that encode immunogenic proteins have been proposed as potential vaccines against HIV, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . Less pathogenic but more immunogenic VSV-based vaccines against infection by VSV or other viruses are being sought.