Ads transduce many different cell types and can be produced in vitro in sufficiently high amounts for in vivo administration. While these properties make them attractive for gene therapy applications, they can also trigger a severe systemic toxic reaction [6, 7] . Upregulation of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, macrophage inhibitory protein-1/2, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) and recently also type I IFN has been observed in experimental and clinical infections with wt as well as with recombinant Ads [6, 7, 8, 9, 10] .