To create basic data for the effective health guidance of elderly living at home, this study was conducted involving 291 adults aged 65 or older, with a comparison of physical, cognitive, and psychological functions between young-old and old-old adults, and by gender. Certain physical functions such as muscular strength of the extremities and the dexterity of digits seemed to be affected by gender. Overall, however, their physical functions were significantly affected by aging, and had decreased to a greater degree in old-old than young-old adults. Especially, it was suggested that balance while standing and the walking ability as well as cognitive functions were more significantly affected by aging than by gender. On the other hand, psychological aspects such as their subjective view of their own health and satisfaction with life showed no significant differences by gender or between age groups, suggesting their lower susceptibility to gender and aging. These findings demonstrated that both men and women showed a high risk of falling in the old-old adults, suggesting the importance of training to improve balance and walking ability as well as cognitive training in preventive care and health guidance for people in this age group.