From 1994 to 2003, Morisky and colleagues in collaboration with the University of the Philippines (Morisky et al. , 2004 , collected longitudinal data from female bar workers, potential male customers, and establishment managers in the southern Philippines. The research initiative trained managers and peer educators from approximately 110 different establishments and implemented a 3-years longitudinal quasi-experimental study in four regions. The project had three parts. The teams implemented an educational policy on HIV/AIDS prevention in all intervention sites and met with city health officials at care sites to identify important recommendations that were found to significantly affect condom use behaviour and to reduce STIs. They also coordinated all intervention activities with the National AIDS Council of the Philippines, and worked closely with regional and city health departments in the four study sites. Finally, in a 3-years follow-up intervention using a crossover design for 18 organizations, they expanded this initial programme to address the educational needs of client-centered populations that female bar workers identified as their usual customers: military personnel, transportation drivers, factory workers, and members of high-risk communities. Morisky et al. (2002b) found that both personal and situational factors were important influences on whether female bar workers used condoms. Morisky et al. (2002c) also noted that female bar workers employed in establishments that had a written policy regarding 100% condom use were 3.5 times more likely to use condoms consistently compared to establishments who had no policy. Earlier studies found that over 50% of those female bar workers expressed concerns about pain when using condoms. Further, having male clients who were substance users increased the incidence of STIs among female bar workers, while having regular partners lowered their rate of STIs Chiao and Morisky 2007) . Morisky et al. (2002a) also found that STI incidence decreased when the city required karaoke bar workers to attend the SHC clinic. Sneed and Morisky (1998) discovered that attitudes and norms do predict condom use, but they are mediated by intentions.