Attempts to halt the spread cane toads have so far been unsuccessful mainly due to the extensive, remote and inaccessible areas inhabited by the toads. An infectious biological agent appears to be the only viable option for controlling cane toads at such continental scales but as yet no known naturally occurring microbes have been confirmed as Bufo specific. An alternative option is to explore whether an infectious agent can be genetically modified to carry a gene that will specifically disrupt the cane toad life cycle, requiring selection of cane toad specific target genes as well as an infectious agent for delivery.