EBV and KSHV DNA are detected infrequently in serum or plasma from healthy individuals, but there is an increased prevalence in cancer patients and in HIV-1-infected individuals [35, 36] . A consistent correlation between EBV or KSHV DNA levels in serum or plasma and antibody titers to viral proteins has not been apparent [37] . To see if the more global antibody responses detected on the arrays would provide any additional insight, we examined KSHV and EBV DNA levels in the plasma from HIV-positive KS patients (see Figure 2A ). The plasma copy number for KSHV and EBV DNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR using previously published primers [27] . A comparison of DNA copy number with antibody responses did not reveal any obvious correlation for either KSHV or EBV ( Figure 5) . However, the 2 samples with the highest KSHV DNA copy number (.180 000 copies) did not recognize either the K8.1 or ORF38 lytic proteins, whereas 61% (8/13) of the samples with ,50 000 copies recognized both of these antigens. Two samples are insufficient to allow any conclusions to be drawn, but the observation does raise the possibility that inadequate antibody production may have contributed to the robust KSHV replication detected in these individuals.