The damage increased gradually with time, peaked at 2 hours and then resolved completely by 6 hours. Liver samples showed irreversible damage (cytolysis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) when both drugs were administered concurrently, the damage increased with time and had not resolved after 12 hours duration. Conclusion: Co-administration of acetaminophen and imatinib increased the hepatoxicity caused by acetaminophen and imatinib to become irreversible. This may be due to the fact that both drugs are metabolised by the cytochrome P450 pathway in the liver. Background: A higher risk of Antituberculosis drug (ATT) induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in Indian subcontinent compared to the western counterparts. Slow acetylator genotype of N-acetyltransferase2 (NAT2) and cI genotype of Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) gene are two known risk factors associated with this disease. CYP2E1 gene encodes a rifampicin inducible enzyme which increases hepatotoxicity. Therefore slow acetylation of isoniazid and simultaneous use of rifampicin may augment the toxicity of isoniazid. Objectives: To analyze the allelic distribution of NAT2 and CYP2E1 gene in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis who developed ATT induced hepatitis Materials and Methods: The study included cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (190) and ATT induced hepatitis (95). Polymorphism of NAT2 and CYP2E1 gene was studied by PCR-RFLP method in both these groups. Results: Occurrence of ATT hepatotoxicity was 17.89%. There was a higher prevalence of slow acetylator genotype particularly NAT2*5/*7 and NAT2*6/*7 in patients with hepatotoxicity compared to patients without hepatotoxicity (72.09% vs 44.2%, P value < 0.05). No association of CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism could be considered with ATT hepatotoxicity. However, DraI C/D genotype of CYP2E1 appears as a risk factor for predicting the occurrence of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis (OR 5.06, P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that patients with slow acetylator genotype particularly NAT2*5/*7 and NAT2*6/*7 and heterozygous mutant C/D genotype of CYP2E1 gene are predisposed to develop antituberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity. Regular monitoring of clinical and biochemical profile may be considered in these patients when they receive antituberculosis treatment. Background: Drug-induced liver injury is the most common adverse drug reaction. We often use two kinds of diagnostic scales to evaluate suspected patients. However, we still can't diagnose accurately without the direct drugs history and the pathological evidence. Methods: Twenty-seven drug-induced liver injury cases with liver biopsies from 2001 to 2008 were reviewed retrospectively by Maria and Japanese scale. Result: There were 11.1% of cases with increasing eosinophils. Herbs (29.63%) were the most common suspected drug and unknown drugs intake history (14.81%) were described in these cases. The high possibility and possibility were 25.93%, 29.63% by Maria scale and 85.19%, 3.7% by Japanese scale, respectively (P=0.015). Conclusions: Japanese scale seems more sensitive than Maria scale in these cases. However, there are still some definite cases ignored as low possibility due to absence of obvious drug using history. Early treatment and suspected drugs prohibition interferes the outcomes of the two diagnosis systems and lead to a false result. It is still a clinical challenge without strong drug using history or pathological evidence of liver biopsies to diagnose the drug-induced liver injury quickly and accurately. Background: Previous study suggested that oxidative stress may be an important mediator of methamphetamine-mediated tissue injury. The study was to examine the mechanism of antioxidant activity and methamphetamine-mediated liver injury. Materials and Methods: The 25 days old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneous injected daily with methamphetamine (10 mg/kg body weight) for 15, 30, 60 and 120 days. Control group received equal volumes of vehicle. The liver tissues were extracted to measure the activities of SOD, catalase, glutathion reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the level of glutathione. Western blot were used to measure the expression of Rho and phosphor-ezrin-radixin-moesin (p-ERM). Results: Compared with vehicle group, treated with methamphetamine for 15 and 30 days, the activities of liver SOD, GPx, and catalase were significantly decreased. In 60 and 120 days group, the activities of antioxidant enzymes of methamphetamine-treated liver was not different from that of vehicle group. The levels of glutathione production also had the same trend. The activities of GPx and catalase on vehicle group gradually reduced following the days of treatment. However, administration of methamphetamine resulted to a lower activity of catalase through the treated days. There was no difference on the activity of GR between vehicle and methamphetamine group. The expression of Rho and p-ERM were also increased by methamphetamine treated for 30 days. Conclusion: These results suggested the methamphetamine lead to liver remodeling via decreased antioxidant activity. Finally, the situation of mechanism needs taking in advantage discussion. Background: To observe intervening effects of preventive and theraptical treatment of Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis's polysaccharides(RSTP) on alpha-naphthylisotheganate(ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice. Methods: Kunming mice intoxicated with ANIT 50mg/Kg orally and treated with RSTP 50mg/Kg for 7 days before ANIT exposure and for 2 days after ANIT exposure respectively, the general condition,mortality rate and serum ALT activity are obeverated. Result: It was found that by preventive treatment the general condition and mortality rate were improved, serum ALT activity reduced.By therapeutic treatment,the general condition deteriorated,mortality rate and serum ALT activity increased. Conclusion: The preventive treatment of RSTP reduce the liver damage due to increasing the anti-stress ability such as the antioxidant capacity,its therapeutic treatment increase the injuried liver damage due to increasing the non-specific immune response and aggregating the preexisting liver inflammation. Background: The product's instruction pointed out that in some patients polyphenolic acids' salt from Salvia Miltiorrhiza(PPAS-SM) may lead to a temporary increase in serum ALT activity.So we observe effects of PPAS-SM on alpha-naphthylisotheganate(ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice. Methods: 24 hours after intoxicated with ANIT 50mg/Kg orally, Kunming mice were treated with PPAS-SM 50, 25,10mg/Kg/days for 2 days orally, then serum ALT activity was measured. Result: All doses of PPAS-SM led to rise of serum ALT activity in mice, most obvious in group of high dose.But the general situation and mortality rate did not increase significantly. Conclusion: PPAS-SM lead to rise of serum ALT activity in mice with damaged liver.The auther suggests as a double-edged sword,the antioxidant PPAS-SM may have a prooxidative effect in some condition too. *This project was supported by grants from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under High School High-Tech Characteristic Development Programme (NO SMEC Finance (2005) 81) PE467