Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. It represents the hepatic manifestation of metabolic derangements, known as metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance playing the major role. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease includes a variety of histological conditions (ranging from liver steatosis and steatohepatitis, to fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma), all characterized by an increased accumulation/deposition of fat within the liver and associated with alterations in hepatic and systemic inflammatory state. Hepatocytes of a primary cell culture that are exposed to high glucose, insulin, and linoleic acid concentration respond with lipid accumulation, oxidative stress up to cell death.