1. To learn about incidental cardiac findings to be reported on a regular chest CT. 2. To review typical pulmonary findings in heart failure. 3. To review typical cardiopulmonary findings associated with smoking. The causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are diverse and include a wide variety of diseases. There is increasing recognition that PH is---besides acute and chronic thromboembolism---associated with diseases such as connective tissue disease, COPD and interstitial lung disease. Emphysema is visualised by a decrease in mean lung density; the characteristic findings of fibrotic changes include honeycombing, reticular opacities, ground-glass attenuation, and traction bronchiectasis and architectural distortion. Both changes go along with chronic, progressive hypoxia leading to hypoxic vasoconstriction of the peripheral pulmonary arteries as well as parenchymal destruction. The introduction of fast rotation speed and dedicated cardiac reconstruction algorithms has opened new possibilities for thoracic imaging: besides the better delineation of peripheral pulmonary arteries; there is the possibility of integrating cardiac functional information into a diagnostic CT scan of the chest. Assessment of right ventricular function and analysis of the distensibility of the right pulmonary artery provide insights not only of right heart imapairment but also enable recognition of patients with elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. Furthermore, it is possible to assess the severity of coronary artery disease to determine left vetricular function parameters as well as to depict the sequelae of ischaemic heart disease such as postinfarct aneurysms or wall-thinning due to myocardial infarction. Last but not least, imaging of lung perfusion either by using colour-coded maps of lung density without or without subtraction technique or using dual energy imaging will further widen the clinical applications of thoracic CT. Learning Objectives: