There has been a single published report using MPSS for gene expression studies during epileptogenesis. Potschka et al utilized the rat kindling model of epileptogenesis to characterize the genomic changes using MPSS. Seven thousand and four signatures with a minimal occurrence of two clones in each run were analyzed resulting in annotation of 5696 identified genes. Two hundred sixty-four differentially expressed genes were identified with 128 upregulated and 136 downregulated ones. The immediate early gene Homer 1A was most strongly induced at 2 h. Identification of this gene fueled further research into the possibilities of Homer 1A being an intrinsic anti-epileptogenic and anticonvulsant gene upregulated as a protective measure during epileptogenesis (80).