Background: RTW is a complex process, where the individual may be in multiple and recurrent states. The aim of this study was to describe the evolving RTW-process in a 5-year follow-up period after a 4-weeks inpatient occupational rehabilitation program. Methods: The sample consisted of 584 patients (66% females, mean age 44 years [sd=9.3], long-term sick-listed; mean duration 9.3 months [sd=3.4] for psychological (47%) and musculoskeletal (46%) diagnosis. Register data from The National Insurance Administration in Norway over a 5-year follow-up period was analysed. Outcome was measured in an 8 state-model: working, part-time sick-listed, sick-listed, medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, part-time disability pension, time-limited disability pension and permanent disability pension. Extended statistical tools for multistate models were used to calculate transition probabilities between the different states. Results: During the 5-year follow-up period the patients had on average 4.6 [range [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] shifts between the 8 different states. During the first 30 days after rehabilitation 9% returned to full time work, 23% were graded sick-listed, 45% were full-time sicklisted, 15% were on medical rehabilitation, 6% on vocational rehabilitation and 2% on graded disability pension. After 5 years 58% had returned to full-time work, 0% was sick-listed or on medical rehabilitation, 10% were on vocational rehabilitation, 14% on part-time disability pension, 5 % on time-limited disability pension and 13% received permanent disability pension. Conclusions: The RTW-process for long-term sick-listed individuals is long and complex. Despite poor RTW during the first 30 days after occupational rehabilitation, the long-term RTWprospects seem advantageous. It is of interest to examine what role environmental and legal system factors and of the work-place and health-care providers play in this prolonged RTW-course. Background: the influence of self-efficacy in the RTW process has been emphasized; however, a comprehensive understanding of the role of self-efficacy on RTW behavior is still lacking. Aim of the study is to investigate the association between self-efficacy for RTW (SERTW) and: a. the intention to change, and b. RTW status, in a cohort of injured workers with work-related musculoskeletal conditions. Methods: A baseline telephone interview was conducted in 632 claimants one-month post-injury and 446 claimants (six-month post-injury). Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy (RTWSE) was measured with a validated questionnaire consisting of three subscales: RTWSE with regard to 1. Controlling pain at work; 2. Obtaining help from supervisor and 3. Obtaining help from co-workers. Intention to change was assessed with the validated Readiness for Return-To-Work (RRTW) Scale, reflecting closely the five stages described in the Readiness for RTW model [1, 3] . RTW status was measured based on the workers' responses to the question whether they returned to work at one-and six-month follow-up. ANOVA tests were conducted to compare relationships for each of the three RTWSE subscales with the stages of change and the RTW status. Results: with regard to intention to change all univariate F-tests were significant at both measures in time, except for the co-worker RTWSE subscale at one-month follow-up. RTWSE is at its peak in workers who are actively preparing to return to work, however, it decreases significantly for people who start working again on all three RTWSE subscales. Comparing RTWSE with RTW status significant differences were found only for the Pain SERTW subscale at both time measures. Workers who returned to work showed higher Pain RTWSE scores compared to those who were still sick-listed. Conclusion: a strong association between SE-RTW and Readiness for RTW stages was found, however the association between SE-RTW and RTW status was only strong for RTWSE. Our findings suggest that self-efficacy is more strongly associated with intention/motivation for the behavior (internalized processes of behaviour), than strictly behavioural ones. Message: 1. Self-efficacy for RTW is significantly associated to the intention to change but not to the actual behavior, i.e. RTW status. 2. Self-efficacy for RTW changes over time during RTW. It is at its peak in workers who are actively preparing to return to work, however it decreases significantly for people who start working again. 3. Our findings suggest that self-efficacy is more strongly associated with intention or motivation for the behavior, than strictly behavioural ones. Background: Smoking and work disability are major public health and welfare problems. The health consequences of smoking are well-documented but less is known about the independent effect of smoking on disability pension of various diagnoses. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on subsequent disability pensions among middle-aged public sector employees. Methods: Baseline survey was collected in 2000-2002 among middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki (n=6373, 80% women). Data on disability pensions were obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) and were linked to the questionnaire data. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for disability pension. To examine the independent effect of smoking age, socioeconomic position, working conditions, alcohol drinking, physical activity and body mass index were adjusted for. Results: There were 232 (4%) disability pension events during the follow-up. Age adjusted smoking strongly predicted disability pensions (HRs 1.5-1.6) among women and men. Risk for disability pension increased with number of smoked cigarettes. Especially strong was the effect among those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Adjusting for confounders attenuated the effect but it remained.