Cytokines and chemokines are thought to play an important role in viral immunopathology. Although IL-2. IL-10 and IFN-c have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CHIKF [21] , a global analysis of their specific involvement with disease severity has not yet been defined. Growth factors are usually produced in response to injury. Viral infections such as CHIKV, induce cellular damage which may lead to secretion of these factors; however, limited studies have been conducted [21] . In this study, we took the opportunity to conduct a detailed study on the patients from the first outbreak of CHIKF in Singapore [22, 23] . We measured circulating levels of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 10 laboratory confirmed cases of CHIKF, and compared them with healthy individuals. We next determined which biomarker was associated with infection and/or severity. We showed for the first time that CHIKV infection induced a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We subsequently found that 3 specific biomarkers, namely IL-1b, IL-6, and RANTES levels, were associated with severe CHIKF.