There are reports showing that HSV-1 triggered the translocation of NF-kB by six hours post-infection [7] . However, it has come to light that HSV-1 may induce two distinct phases of NF-kB activity. The initial phase is transient, lasting only two hours, and occurred shortly after viral adsorption by both wild-type and UV-inactivated virus particles. This correlates with evidence showing that supernatant taken from gD-expressing cells may also cause an increase in NF-KB binding activity in monocytoid cells by 30 minutes post-treatment [6] . A second phase relied on de novo viral protein synthesis as it was stimulated only by replication-competent HSV-1 and not by UV-inactivated virions [8] . During this second phase, NF-kB complexes were shown to have associated with their consensus sequence found in the promoter region that drives ICP0 expression [8] .