Recently, the modeling efforts have focused on combining pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions in search for synergistic strategies, aimed at better resource utilization. Most of such approaches attempt implementing a form of social distancing followed by application of pharmaceutical measures. For significant contributions in this area see [33, [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] . One of the most notable among these efforts is a 2006-07 initiative by MIDAS [42] , which cross-examined independent simulation models of PI spread in rural areas of Asia [43, 44] , USA and UK [45, 46] , and the city of Chicago [47] , respectively. MIDAS crossvalidated the models by simulating the city of Chicago, with 8.6M inhabitants and implementing a targeted layered containment [48, 49] . The research findings of MIDAS and some other groups [12, 33] were used in a recent "Modeling Community Containment for Pandemic Influenza" report by IOM, to formulate a set of recommendations for PI mitigation [50] . These findings were also used in a pandemic preparedness guidance developed by CDC [51] .