Active influenza surveillance was performed in Bangladesh from November 2008 through April 2009, and from December 2009 through July 2010 ( Figure 1) . Because AIV has a fecal-oral transmission route, samples were collected by taking oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs of birds (host samples) or by collecting from feces, fecal digestors, water troughs, and standing water (environmental samples). Each month, 300-600 total samples were collected across several locations. The primary sampling locations were retail markets in Dhaka (Market-1 to Market-4); one pet bird market, a layer farm (Farm-1), and a natural lake were also included. After news of an outbreak in 2009, surveillance was expanded to several villages in the area of the outbreak. The sampling sites in the expanded area were mostly backyard (domestic) flocks (Village-1 to Village-5), but several samples were also obtained from retail markets in 2 villages (Market-5 and Market-6) and from a poultry farm that culled their flock of chickens (Farm-2). None of the birds that were swabbed or observed near the sampling location exhibited signs of disease, and none of the sampling sites were reported as an outbreak area during the study.