Recently, we reported that fosfomycin, which is an antibiotic, suppressed RSV-induced interleukin (IL)-8, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and the PAF receptor by suppressing NF-κB activity [25, 26] . On the other hand, Wang et al. report that CAM suppressed rhinovirus-induced Staphylococcus aureus and H. influenzae adhesions to nasal epithelial cells [27] . So we anticipate that CAM suppresses RSV-induced bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, because expression of PAF receptor is controlled by NF-κB [28, 29] In the present study, we examined the effect of CAM on cytokine production, PAF receptor expression, and RSV infection-induced S. pneumoniae adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells.