Plastid transformation was first achieved in a unicellular alga, Chlamydomonas reindhartii [33] . In 1990, Sváb et al. [34] reported the first successful chloroplast transformation of a higher plant (tobacco). This was followed by transformation of the plastid genome in tobacco by many researchers [35, 36] . Recently, tobacco plastid has been engineered to express the E7 HPV type 16 protein, which is an attractive candidate for anticancer vaccine development [37] . Similarly, a protocol for plastid transformation of an elite rapeseed cultivar (Brassica napus L.) has been developed [38] . Brassica napus - [132] Citrus sinensis 155,189 [133] Coffea arabica - [134] Cucumis sativus 155,293 [135] Daucus carota 155,911 [136] Ficus sp.