A vaccine based on VLPs represents an additional candidate for protection against MARV [251] . Complete protection of guinea pigs has been demonstrated with a VLP-based vaccine containing MARV GP, with induction of virus-specific antibodies. Protection with this vaccine relied on a functional CD4+ T cell response, whereas depletion of CD8+ T cells did not ablate the protective response [244] . VLPs containing MARV Musoke GP provided cross-protection in animals challenged with MARV Ci67 or RAVV Ravn in both guinea pigs and NHPs [252, 253] .