Acute pelvic pain in women is a routine situation in an emergency unit. It can be secondary to a variety of disorders. Clinical setting often indicates an obstetric or gynaecological origin of acute pelvic pain, but sometimes it is not easy to distinguish if the primary cause is related to genitourinary system or gastrointestinal tract or to other unusual conditions. Diagnostic imaging can be very valuable in this situation. Ultrasonography is usually the first choice imaging modality for diagnosis of acute pelvic pain-and, for the most part, the only one needed for the diagnosis. MRI is the preferred technique in young women, also in pregnancy in second or third trimester. CT is more valuable for assessing non-gynaecological disorders or post-operative infections. The radiologist should know how to investigate the patient with regards to history and clinical findings as certain contexts can encourage specific diagnoses. The purpose of this lecture is to highlight the contribution of different imaging modalities in emergency radiology as a useful diagnostic tool in management of acute female pelvic disease of non-gynaecological origin and to describe key radiologic signs to improve differential diagnosis. Learning Objectives: 1. To become familiar with the causes and diagnostic findings of common nongynaecological emergencies. 2. To know how to investigate patients with reference to history and clinical findings. 3. To learn how to approach pelvic pain using multimodality imaging techniques in different clinical contexts.