Tidwell RR et al [43] has recently synthesized a series of 3,5-diphenylisoxazole analogues ( Figure 12 ), in which the central ring of furamidine was replaced by isoxazole, and their activities with furamidine and melarsoprol were compared. Among 43 synthesized dications, the compounds with at least one p-amidine moiety (compound 22, Figure 13a and compound 3, Figure 13b ), displayed good IC 50 values (3.5 nM and 5.1 nM respectively) comparable to that of furamidine (4.3 nM) while loss in potency was observed in compounds with substituted diamidine at m-position (compound 32, IC 50 =29 nM, Figure  13c ). In general, the introduction of nitro, chloro, or methoxy substituents on either aromatic ring resulted in decreased anti-trypanosomal activity. However, the introduction of methoxy group on the aromatic rings of compound 32 resulted into compound 41 ( Figure 13b ) with comparable anti-trypanosomal activity (4.2 nM) as that of furamidine. Hence these compounds of the isoxazole series that showed good in vitro antitrypanosomal activity and less cytotoxcity profile relative to furamidine, could be a candidate for further evaluation against animal models of the diseases.