Vero cells were seeded at a density of 6610 5 cells and incubated in the presence of 10 mM JMN3-003 or vehicle only for 30 hours at 37uC. Cells were then washed extensively and reseeded at a density of 1610 5 cells per well, followed by continued incubation at 37uC and assessment of life/dead cell numbers every 24 hours using a Countess automated cell counter (Invitrogen). Cells were reseeded as before when fastest growing cultures approached confluency. Growth rates were calculated for each 24-hour time interval using the Prism software package (GraphPad Software Inc.) based on the formula Y = Y 0 *exp(K*X) with Y equaling life cell numbers, Y 0 the Y value at the starting time (t 0 ), and K the growth constant equaling ln(2)/doubling-time.