NoV VLPs have been used extensively to study protein interactions [8] , and virus assembly [17] , and have been used as a tool in diagnostic serological assays [7] . Clinical trials have been performed with the NoV VLPs used as a vaccine [2] . For all these applications, high-quality VLPs would be preferable. In this study, different methods of VLP purification and concentration were used, and the purity, integrity, morphology, antigenicity and functionality of the GII-4 NoV VLP preparations were examined.