We found that polymorphisms in Dectin-1 (rs3901533 and rs7309123) and DC-SIGN (rs4804800, rs11465384, rs7248637 and rs7252229) were associated with an increased risk to develop IPA infection, which points towards their critical involvement in the pathogenesis of this invasive fungal infection. The highest risk of IPA infection was found for carriers of the Dectin-1 rs3901533_T/T and Dectin-1 rs7309123_G/G genotypes and the DC-SIGN rs4804800_G allele. Patients carrying these genotypes/alleles had from 2 to 6 times increased risk of IPA infection. Additionally, patients carrying the DC-SIGN rs11465384_T , DC-SIGN 7248637_A and DC-SIGN rs7252229_C alleles showed a 2-fold increased risk in comparison with patients harboring the wild-type allele. Although it was not statistically significant, we also found that the DC-SIGN rs2287886 SNP may be associated with a reduced risk of IPA infection. Interestingly, this latter result was in agreement with our previously reported findings using the former EORTC/MSG classification criteria, 2005 [60] . The apparent effect of these SNPs on IPA susceptibility persisted even after adjustment for age, gender, hematological malignancy and several known risk factors (HSCT, neutropenia, GVHD and corticoid therapy use), indicating that Dectin-1 and DC-SIGN variants contribute independently to the risk of infection.