Background: Tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-) plays a pivotal role in the viral clearance and host immune response to HBV, and the capacity for TNF-production in individuals is influenced by a major genetic component. The studies of TNF--308 gene promoter polymorphism in chronic HBV infection have reported apparently conflicting results. Objective: To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between the polymorphism of TNF--308 gene promoter and chronic HBV infection. Method: Meta-analysis was done of 22 case-control studies in relation to TNF--308 gene promoter, involving a total of 4338 chronic HBV infection cases and 3013 controls. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the risk associated with the genotypes of GA, AA, and GA+AA (A-allele carriers) compared with the GG genotype were calculated. Results: Overall meta-analysis indicated that -308A heterozygotes (GA) had 22% decreased risk of developing CHB with a borderline significance (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60-1.02; P = 0.065). For the -308A allele homozygotes (AA) and carriers (GA+AA), the pooled ORs both indicated a significantly decreased risk of CHB (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21-0.73; P = 0.003; and OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.96; P = 0.026, respectively) ( Table 1 ). In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, significantly decreased risks were associated with -308 variant genotypes (GA and AA) in Mongoloid populations in all genetic models. However, no significant associations were found in Caucasoid. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that the TNF--308A allele is a low-penetrant protective factor for chronic HBV infection, especially in Mongoloid. Method: 20 HBV transgenic mice were randomly divided into physiologic saline group and Matrine Injection group. Another10 normal mice at the same species and age with HBV transgenic mice were regarded as the normal group. The mice in Matrine Injection group were administrated at dosage of 82.2 mgkg -1 d -1 by intraperitoneal for 30 days. The mice in physiologic saline control group and normal group were administrated normal saline with the same volume at same time. The contents of HBV DNA in serum and liver were quantitated by PCR. And the spleens were separated for cultivating dendritic cells. The surface molecules of dendritic cells were tested by flow cytometry. IFN-mRNA and TNF-mRNA in liver were tested by RT-PCR. Result: There was no significant difference of the serum HBV-DNA level between physiologic saline and Matrine Injection groups. The content of serum HBV-DNA after treatment showed a significant decrease in two groups. The content of serum HBV-DNA in Matrine Injection dropped significantly as compared with that in the physiologic saline group. But there was no significant difference in the content of HBV-DNA in liver between physiologic saline and Matrine Injection groups. The expression level of MHC-II on dendritic and hepatic IFN-r mRNA and TNF-a mRNA showed a significant decrease in HBV transgenic mice than normal mice. In comparison with physiologic saline group the expression level of them in Matrine Injection group showed a significant increase. Conclusion: Matrine Injection was effective on depressing HBV-DNA in HBV transgenic mice. Its antiviral action may be achieved through regulating MHC-II on DCs surface and promoting the production of antiviral factor such as IFN-and TNF-. Purpose: To stimulate non-specific immune response capacity as the main content of the study to explore the HBV-DNA and non-specific immune responses in the relationship between the low response capability, Methods: 190 cases of asymptomatic carriers, double-blind, randomized into Mycobacterium FU 36, lamivudine and traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment group, Mycobacterium FU36 with traditional Chinese and lamivudine with traditional Chinese medicine were in the control group, a total of 12 weeks of treatment, follow-up six months after the termination of treatment.