There is an implicit assumption in this paper: all prokaryotes have the same k value and so do eukaryotes. It needs to be verified for this assumption to hold. The exact values of k can be determined when the genomic information structures of model organisms are completely clear. For example, when the genomic information structures of C. elegans are completely known, the value of k 2 can be completely determined. When the genomic information structures of C. intestinalis are known, the value of k 3 can be more precisely determined.