The reproduction number for pH1N1 has been calculated for a number of different countries and ranges from 1.2-1.7 in Mexico, the US and Peru [20] [21] [22] [23] . Higher values of R of ,2 have been reported for Japan [16] and New Zealand [12] but these are acknowledged to be influenced by social clustering and increased diagnostic testing, and are hence most likely over-estimates of the true value of R. The estimates of R in Victoria and WA reported here have accounted for imported cases.