Much has also been written on the global effects of environmental degradation, population growth, and economic disparities. In addition, the pace of scientifi c development has accelerated, with both negative and positive implications for global health. Concerns for national health transcend borders, with a need for shared human security and an enhanced role for international cooperation and development [2] . These issues have signifi cant bioethical implications, and thus a renewed academic focus on the ethical dimensions of public health is needed.