The third variable, temperature has been shown to be important as low (dry ice) temperatures serve to minimize any free radical generation and subsequent tissue damage (Anderson et al. 1992; Hamer et al. 1999) . Prior to knowledge of the importance of a controlled irradiation dose range at low temperatures, it is difficult to rely on the findings of studies where the details are not reported. Ideally a low average dose, at a narrow dose range, and at low temperatures are all factors in minimizing any irradiation-mediated alteration of material properties.