Two new quantities are defined as X = (x i -x j ) and Y = (y iy j ), and replaced in Equation 2, which is also further modified by means of a logarithmic transformation. Equation 2 is solved for p values in the [1 ≤ p ≤ 2] interval, sampled at regular intervals. The set of distances thus calculated are considered approximations of the road distance. A simple regression model is defined, where the dependent variable is the road distance, and the independent variable is, in turn, the distance obtained by each p value. Goodness-offit, residuals, and other regression diagnostics are then compared over the entire interval [30, 31] . This simple method helps assess and rank the various coefficients, identifying the one that produces the highest R 2 value, which is considered the best Minkowski coefficient.