Acute modifications of cytokine patterns can also occur. IL-12+ IL-18 enhance the secretion of IFNc by Th1 cells [14, 15] , and IL-2 enhances cytokine production [16, 17] . In contrast, IL-10, TGFb, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and adenosine inhibit inflammatory cytokine production [18] [19] [20] .