Objective: The most important predictive parameter for the biological behaviour of urothelial carcinoma is histological grade, except for depth of invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p53 oncoprotein and Ki67 antigen in a series of transitional cell bladder carcinoma with papillary morphology (pTapapillary carcinoma and pT1) with histological grade and recurrence. Method: This study included 59 cases diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma with papillary morphology (pTa, pT1). Immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 and p53 were examined in each case, and were graded accordingly to the percentage of cells stained, in low, moderate and high-expression groups. Results: As described previously in other publications the expression of p53 and Ki67 has a relationship with histological grade. We also noted that of the 13 recurrences, 11 were associated with moderate to high expression of either p53 or Ki67, or both. Conclusion: We concluded that p53 and Ki67 expression combined with histological grade and pathological stage may be helpful in assessing more accurately the biological behaviour of urothelial carcinoma. And the overexpression of p53 and Ki67 are related with an unfavourable prognosis. Objective: Prostatic stromal hyperplasia with atypia is a rare lesion with fewer than 200 cases reported worldwide. It can be mistaken for sarcoma because of the presence of atypical, bizarre cells. Its malignant potential is uncertain. The follow up study of every case is important. Method: A 71-year-old man with previously diagnosed atypical prostatic adenostromal hyperplasia with atypia of stromal cells was hospitalized with urinary obstruction after transurethral resection of prostate made 6 years ago. Repeat TURP was performed and tissue specimens were investigated and compared with the initial biopsy. Results: The second biopsy showed the benign hyperplastic prostatic glands with atypical, bizarre, frequently multinucleated giant stromal cells between them. They displayed intense immunoreactivity for actin, vimentin and androgen receptors. The microscopical picture was identical to that seen in the first specimens. The nuclear abnormalities looked like in an atypical symplastic leiomyoma of myometrium. No evidence of sarcomatous or carcinomatous transformation, mitotic index evaluation was noted. Conclusion: This case maintains the viewpoint that the prostatic adenostromal hyperplasia with stromal cell atypia is a benign lesion. But it can recur and requires the repeat TURP or radical surgery.