Candidate honey bee members for the Imd, JNK and JAK/STAT pathways, below names for Drosophila pathway components along with vertebrate orthologues (in parentheses). Honey bee matches presented as named during the genome project. Honey bee names in italics refer to genes with close paralogues which cannot readily be distinguished with respect to pathway components from Drosophila. Underlining indicates genes shown to be transcriptionally up-regulated after immune challenge.