where n C-T and n G-A are as defined in Eqs. 5 and 6. Equations 16 and 17 are similar to equations 1 and 2 and conform to the general shapes of the sequence plots. This shows that the path traced out by the nucleotide sequence of a gene follows some pattern that can be ascribed to the accumulated effects of spot mutations over evolutionary time scales. The actual plots of the gene sequences in the 2D grid representation show reasonable conformity with the predicted curves with variations that could be ascribed in part to the higher order terms and other factors described below. It is to be noted that equations 16, 17 have been derived independent of any graphical representations or reference frames, and they are functions of the instantaneous values of the base counts only. The 2D Nandy representation here used happens to be a natural and convenient reference frame to plot the outcome of these equations. Equations 16-17 have been developed on the basis of transition type mutations only. Transverse mutations are much less frequent than the transition mutations and will affect these equations to a smaller extent. Consider a mutation of a cytosine to an adenine. This will result again in a bulge in the guanine in the opposite strand and the repair mechanism will either re-establish the cytosine or replace the guanine with a thymine, or replace the guanine in strand 2 with a thymine and add a CG base pair to the DNA thus elongating it. This will reduce the n C-T (1) by 1 unit and also reduce the n G-A (2) by 1 unit as well as have, as before, a small probability of adding an extra guanine in strand 2 by virtue of the additional base pair elongating the DNA. Thus we will have an equation of the type of Eq.4 again except that the coefficients in this instance will be much lower in value than for these parameters in the transition type mutation case. Again, we end up with equations of the form 16 to 17, this time for transverse type mutations, but with much smaller parameter values, so those equations can be considered to be quite general.