The second part of the Drosophila innate immune response comprises a set of core signaling pathways (Fig. 1C) : the Toll pathway, the IMD pathway and the JAK-STAT pathway. The activities of these pathways are modulated by other pathways, such as that mediated by target of rapamycin (TOR) or Eiger-Wengen [Drosophila homologs of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor]. When induced following pathogen infection, innate immune pathways result in the production of AMPs such as Drosomycin and Diptericin (Dionne and Schneider, 2008; Ferrandon et al., 2007; Agaisse and Perrimon, 2004; Dionne and Schneider, 2008; Ferrandon et al., 2007; Folsch et al., 2003) .