Comparison of the mutation status of EGFR and KRAS on pulmonary adenocarcinoma and corresponding brain metastasis Objective: EGFR and KRAS mutation statuses have been known associated with the sensitivity of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, the mutation analyses were usually performed on the primary tumors only, due to the availability of the tumor tissue. Method: To compare the KRAS and EGFR mutation statuses between pulmonary adenocarcinomas and corresponding metastases, we performed direct sequencing, followed by Scorpion ARMS method on wild-type cases for EGFR analysis, and allele-specific real-time PCR for KRAS analysis, on the paired samples of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Results: Thirty-one (63.3 %) pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 30 (61.2 %) brain metastases out of the 49 paired specimens have EGFR mutations, and 30 (61.2 %) paired specimens were concordant for the EGFR mutation status between the primary and metastasis. In addition, 17 (51.5 %) pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 17 (51.5 %) brain metastases out of the 33 paired specimens have KRAS mutations, and only 16 (48.5 %) paired specimens were concordant between the primary and the metastasis. Conclusion: The status of EGFR mutation is relatively consistent between primary and metastasis comparing to that of KRAS mutation in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. However, discordance for the mutation statuses does happen. Accordingly, repeat analysis is recommended if tissue from metastatsis or recurrence is available. Objective: We tried to measure and analyze characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors in lung by image analysis and help to diagnose them. Method: It was analysed that sixteen cases of typical carcinoid tumors, five cases of atypical carcinoid tumors, fifteen of small cell carcinomas, fifty one cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. We analyzed the nuclear area, perimeter, major axis and minor axis using i-solution image analyzer software package. Results: The mean nuclear area was 488.00 μm2 in the typical carcinoid tumors, 499.30 μm2 in the atypical carcinoid tumors, 481.48 μm2 in the small cell carcinomas, and 684.05 μm2 in the large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. After the statistical results, every method was effective to distinguish large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from other tumors and the circumferences of nucleus was the most effective to distinguish among them. Conclusion: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors were the nuclear morphologic differences of each tumors. Therefore, diagnosis that considers morphologic differences of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors contributes to increase reproducibility and accuracy. Sunday, 9 September 2012, 09.30 -10.30 An abundant growth of lactobacilli may result in lysis of vaginal epithelial cells, named as Cytolytic Vaginosis. This cytolytic process may cause the symptoms as seen in candidiasis. We observed Pap smears to evaluate if cytolysis has a relationship with infertility. Method: In the Pathology department of Mardin Maternity Hospital, 2011-2012 period, we examined Pap smear cases suffering from the similar syptoms as candidiasis. Of the 4672 smears, 82 were diagnosed as "Cytolytic Vaginosis". No growth was observed in cultures. Results: The number of the cases suffering from the infertility was 261 (%5.58) among 4672 cases. In the cytolytic vaginosis group this ratio was %32.9 (n=27). The ratio of the infertil cases of cytolytic vaginosis group over general population was significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results are in favour of supporting the hypothesis of the relation between cytolytic vaginosis and infertility. Lactobacilli are thought to have inhibitive role in fertility by changing the vaginal ph and adhering to the epithelial cells so inhibiting the sperm penetration.