Molecular characterization. The molecular analysis of the H10N7 Camargue strain is detailed in Table 3 . The focus strain is a low pathogenic one since the HA segment possesses a monobasic cleavage site. HA, NA and PB2 sequences all presented some typical avian characteristics (see Table 3 ). No known determinants of adaptation to mammals (humans or mice) were detected. In addition, we did not identify any mutation known to be linked with increased virulence in mammals. Yet, we detected the V149A mutation in PB2, which is associated with high virulence in chickens. However, 149A was also observed in low pathogenic H7 strains sampled from wild and domestic ducks in China. This suggests that this mutation alone does not increase the virulence in ducks [42] . Furthermore, no mutation was detected in the H10N7 Camargue strain at positions known to be linked with reduced susceptibility or resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors or M2blockers. 