is that the majority of these cases tend to be unspecific without any clear and significant objective findings. Traditional medical thinking requires a diagnosis, in order to find a specific and efficient therapy or to grant sickness certificate. The challenge is to find the proper diagnoses when the condition is unspecific, with many complaints, and a high level of comorbidity. The International Classification of Primary Care-second version (ICPC-2) is used in Norwegian primary health care. Aims: Our aims were to investigate if a dramatised case story (presented exactly the same way to, Norwegian GPs), representing a patient with unspecific and/or comorbid complaints get the same diagnosis and decision on sick leave. Method: Fifty-six GPs watched 10 case stories and diagnosed each case with ICPC-2 diagnosis and made decisions on whether to sick list or not. Results: Between 15 and 23 ICPC-2 diagnoses were given to the case stories as main diagnosis. Psychological diagnoses were most frequent, followed by musculoskeletal. Three to five different ICPC-2 organ chapters were used for each case. Decisions on sick leave yes/no and different type of insurance benefits varied greatly within each case story. Discussion: As expected, the Norwegian GPs did not agree on which diagnoses to use for these patients, and suggested a high number of diagnostic labels from the ICPC-2 system. This is, in our opinion, not an indication of lack of competence in the GPs but that the systems used today are unable to classify and describe these complaints. The high number of possible diagnoses offered by experienced GPs suggests that the conditions are composite, with a high level of comorbidity and the diagnostic system is unable to identify this. For this kind of patients there is no consensus on what kind of treatment to offer and we argue that the only available "treatment" today is sick leave. This increases the risk of long term sick leave, and permanent disability. Conclusion: Case stories with unspecific and comorbid complaints are diagnosed with a large variety of ICPC-2 diagnosis in general practice and they are frequently put on sick leave. Results: The majority of the women and men describe several adverse experiences during childhood. From a total of ten possible types of adversity, the mean for women was 5.05 (SD=2.63) and 2.63 (SD=2.18) for men. There was a high frequency of health risk behaviour and psychopathological symptoms for both samples, women reporting significantly more psychopathology and sexual risk behaviours (no significant differences in other risk behaviours). Conclusion: Detainees had a high frequency of adverse experiences during childhood, have high levels of psychopathology and several risk behaviours. The differences between women and men in what concerns adverse childhood experiences and psychopathological symptoms suggest more adverse childhood histories for incarcerated women. Those differences should be better explored in order to understand if a self-report effect or a fact of their lives. This data suggest a need to take into account the adverse histories because violent behaviour can function as a coping strategy to deal with negative affect and psychopathology related to prior victimization. Objectives: Although refugees are at an increased risk to suffer from mental disorders, as compared to other immigrants, little is known about possible differences in treatment response and service utilization. Methods: The current study includes data from three separate samples of Iraqi refugees and Arab immigrants. Prevalence of physician-diagnosed mental disorders along with treatment response and utilization data was collected from medical records or by surveys. Data was collected from 307 refugees and 326 immigrant controls. Results: The prevalence of depression was significantly greater in refugees as compared to immigrants (54% vs. 26%; p<.001). There were no differences between groups in diagnosed anxiety disorders. In addition, self reported complaints of depression (33% vs. 3.1%; p<.001), anxiety (20% vs. 4%; p<.001), and sleep difficulties (15% vs. 2%; p<.001) were more prevalent among refugees than immigrants. In general, treatment response was poor for both groups; however, for longer term patients, treatment response was significantly better (44% recovery vs. 15% recovery; p<.001) for immigrants than refugees. Typical common psychosomatic symptoms were more prevalent and associated with increased health care utilization in refugees as compared to immigrants. Conclusions: Results suggest that treatment offered to refugees is far from effective. There is a need to review health systems factors in order to promote cost-effective and timely mental health services for refugees, not least with the current influx of Iraqi refugees commonly suffering from mental and adjustment disorders. We found a positive relationship between PTSD and psychopatology, health symptom and negative with quality of life. War veterans presented a high percentage of extreme families particularly those with PTSD. We also found differences between veterans with and without PTSD on social support, family functioning and quality of life. Predictors of quality of life and mediation analysis were also performed. According to these preliminary results, psychological intervention, on this population, is necessary to help veterans and their families to better cope with war trauma. Objective: By recent estimates, 200.000 persons were imprisoned for political reasons in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) between 1949 and 1989. Former political prisoners suffer from the experience of persecution also in a long term. Up to 50% of those persons develop a post-traumatic stress disorder. Verbal disclosure (the revelation of the traumatic events) to the social environment has been shown to have positive effects on PTSD symptom severity. Little is known about whether this effect is moderated by the receiver of the disclosure. Method: A total of 157 former political prisoners (82% male) from the GDR (mean age: 65 years, from 39 to 86 years old) were assessed with a questionnaire. Sociodemografic data, intrafamilial communication about the traumatic imprisonment and symptoms of the posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed by self-reports. IES-R (with the subscales intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal) was used for the assessment of PTSD symptoms. Results: PTSD symptom severity depends on who is the receiver of disclosure in the family. Persons who report that the actively disclosed their traumatic experience to their partners have lower intrusion (score in the subscale: 18.2. vs. 21.8; p=.02) and lower hyperarousal symptoms (score in the subscale: 20.4 vs. 24.5; p=.05).