According to these findings, the viral proteins that originated from the hosts are short versions of the full-length host proteins ( Figures 5-6, Supplemental Figures S2, S4) . Furthermore, these proteins are characterized by a substantial reduction in the architectures of the domains ( Figure 5 ) and the protein linkers ( Figure 6 ). We classified these proteins into distinct (yet not exclusive) modes of action. For simplicity, we unified the viral acquired sequences from the cross-taxa families to 5 strategy modes (Figure 7) .