There were no significant differences between survival and non-survival patients with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, microbiological etiology, initial CURB-65, initial PSI class, initial APACHE II score, or emergency room length of stay (P value range, .07-.99) nor between ARDS and non-ARDS patients with respect to gender, ethnicity, microbiological etiology, initial CURB-65, initial PSI class, initial APACHE II score, or emergency room length of stay (P value range, .36-.77) ( Figure 1A) . Group characteristics are provided in Table 1 . Compared with those who did not survive, those who survived had lower SOFA scores (5.5, CI: 4.9-7.7 versus 3, CI: 2.3-4.2) ( Figure 1B) . Compared with patients that did not develop ARDS, those with ARDS had higher SOFA scores (3, CI: 2.1-4.9 versus 5, CI: 4.6-7.1) and were younger ( Figure 2B and Table 1 ).