As the JV N-term was found to be translated in vitro attempts were made to express and purify the protein in bacteria for immunisation so that the protein could be identified by radioimmune precipitation assay (RIPA), as it was possible that the Nterm protein was migrating on gels aberrantly and possibly comigrating with 2C. Attempts to express the protein in bacteria were unsuccessful due to toxicity. Therefore, the 14aa V5 epitope encoding sequence was cloned in frame into the JV cDNA construct at nucleotide position 123 (JV V5). The V5 epitope originates from the P and V proteins of the SV5 paramyxovirus [29] , for which a commercially available monoclonal antibody is used for detection.