Genomic study 20 PE inpatients and 20 controls were randomly selected in Cardiology Department, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University. In the PE group, there were 11 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 70±14 years (44~89 years). There were 13 patients with acute PE and 7 with CTEPH. The pulmonary artery pressure was 50-108 mmHg in CTEPH patients. In the control group, 20 patients (11 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 72±14 years (44~91 years) were enrolled during the same period. No significant difference in age was found between PE patients and control patients (P>0.05). Malignancies, use of immunosuppresants or autoimmune diseases were excluded in all patients.