Objective: Adenosquamous lung carcinomas (ASC) are uncommon and aggressive tumors. Identification of a squamous component within a NSCLC is critical as it excludes anti-VEGF therapy. Likewise, recognition of an adenocarcinoma component is also relevant because it prompts the search for EGFR mutations. Since 70 % of lung cancers are diagnosed in small biopsies/cytological specimens, cytohistological correlation is crucial for correct diagnosis. Thus, we aimed at determining the relevance of combining cytologic and histologic findings in initial diagnostic workup of ASC. Method: We searched for cases of ASC diagnosed at our institution from March 2011 to April 2012. Cytologic and histopathologic findings were evaluated and their accuracy for diagnosing ASC was assessed. Results: Of 184 cases of lung cancer in biopsy, 11 (6 %) corresponded to probable ASC and in 9 cases cytologic examination was also performed. In 7 cases, cytology was not conclusive, but in 2 cases it demonstrated cytomorphological features of probable ASC. We emphasize one case in which only the squamous component was valued by histology, but cytology provided clues that prompted immunohistochemical analysis which led to the diagnosis of probable ASC. Conclusion: Cyto-histological correlation augments the diagnostic accuracy in ASC of the lung, emphasizing the complementarity of both procedures.