In most countries vaccine was not available early enough and/or arrived in insufficiently large amounts to achieve mitigation at a population level. Greater population benefit may occur in the next season Most of the orders arrived after the peak of the autumn/winter wave in the geographic north (whose countries had received most vaccines). Therefore, judgement on their impact in averting serious morbidity and deaths may come only after the second winter. Perhaps then, differential use by countries will allow for comparisons where there is good surveillance for severe disease and deaths.