LOT-R = overall optimism; higher score = greater level of optimism LOT-OPT = optimism subscale; higher score = greater level of optimism LOT-PESS = pessimism subscale; higher score = greater level of pessimism Correlates of optimism/pessimism included country of origin, educational attainment, working for money, number of previous deliveries, and having ever seen a healthcare provider for emotional issues. Self-reported ease or difficulty of the pregnancy was also associated with LOT-R scores.