7.1. Definition, Pharmacokinetics, and Biological Aspects. The genus Phyllantus (Euphorbiaceae) consist of about 6500 species in 300 genera, of which 200 are American, 100 African, 70 from Madagascar, and the remaining are Asian and Australian [113] . Many species are used in traditional medicine mainly in India and China to treat several diseases [114] and a morphological analysis of samples of Phyllanthus used in raw drug trade in southern India shown that 76% of the market samples contained P. amarus as the predominant species (>95%) and other five different species, namely, P. debilis, P. fraternus, P. urinaria, P. maderaspatensis, and P. kozhikodianus, were found in the remaining 24% of the shops [115] .