Evidence has shown increased costs of RBC transfusion over time [85] , related to various factors, including (but not limited to) use of leukoreduction and more sophisticated methods for pathogen detection, such as nucleic acid testing (NAT) [84] . For example, a study in Canada evaluated the mean societal cost of one allogeneic RBC unit at 264.81 US$, twice the cost estimated 7 years earlier [86] . Generally, these reported values are probably underestimated, and some have calculated that the cost of blood to society could in fact be twofold higher [84] .