CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2024-20974 
Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.35 and prior and  8.2.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.9
GHSA-wcqr-93w9-8g64 
Insecure handling of a download function leads to disclosure of internal files due to path traversal with root privileges in Franklin Fueling Systems Colibri Controller Module 1.8.19.8580.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2017-10901 
Buffer overflow in PTW-WMS1 firmware version 2.000.012 allows remote attackers to conduct denial-of-service attacks via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
RHSA-2005:756 Red Hat Security Advisory: cvs security update
security flaw
CVE-2023-41575 
Multiple stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in /bbdms/sign-up.php of Blood Bank & Donor Management v2.2 allow attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload injected into the Full Name, Message, or Address parameters.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2026-31453 xfs: avoid dereferencing log items after push callbacks
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xfs: avoid dereferencing log items after push callbacks

After xfsaild_push_item() calls iop_push(), the log item may have been
freed if the AIL lock was dropped during the push. Background inode
reclaim or the dquot shrinker can free the log item while the AIL lock
is not held, and the tracepoints in the switch statement dereference
the log item after iop_push() returns.

Fix this by capturing the log item type, flags, and LSN before calling
xfsaild_push_item(), and introducing a new xfs_ail_push_class trace
event class that takes these pre-captured values and the ailp pointer
instead of the log item pointer.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2022-40187 
Foresight GC3 Launch Monitor 1.3.15.68 ships with a Target Communication Framework (TCF) service enabled. This service listens on a TCP port on all interfaces and allows for process debugging, file system modification, and terminal access as the root user. In conjunction with a hosted wireless access point and the known passphrase of FSSPORTS, an attacker could use this service to modify a device and steal intellectual property.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8
GHSA-wfm8-54v7-gx4m 
Due to lack of proper memory management, when a victim opens manipulated Jupiter Tesselation (.jt, JTReader.x3d) file received from untrusted sources in SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer - version 9, it is possible for the application to crash and becomes temporarily unavailable to the user until restart of the application.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-hrgc-cr5f-pw7v 
Microsoft Edge for Android Spoofing Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2018-15143 
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in portal/find_appt_popup_user.php in versions of OpenEMR before 5.0.1.4 allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) catid or (2) providerid parameter.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2023-53010 bnxt: Do not read past the end of test names
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bnxt: Do not read past the end of test names

Test names were being concatenated based on a offset beyond the end of
the first name, which tripped the buffer overflow detection logic:

 detected buffer overflow in strnlen
 [...]
 Call Trace:
 bnxt_ethtool_init.cold+0x18/0x18

Refactor struct hwrm_selftest_qlist_output to use an actual array,
and adjust the concatenation to use snprintf() rather than a series of
strncat() calls.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-8j8h-gcch-8c79 
Integer overflow in the image-deinterlacing functionality in Mozilla Firefox before 44.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption or application crash) via a crafted GIF image.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
CVE-2022-43892 IBM Security Verify Privilege information disclosure

IBM Security Verify Privilege On-Premises 11.5 does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate which could disclose sensitive information which could aid further attacks against the system.  IBM X-Force ID:  240455.


CVSS v3.1 score: 3.7
RHSA-2022:6317 Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.9.48 bug fix and security update
grafana: Snapshot authentication bypass
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVE-2025-24583 WordPress 12 Step Meeting List plugin <= 3.16.5 - Settings Change vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in AA Web Servant 12 Step Meeting List 12-step-meeting-list allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects 12 Step Meeting List: from n/a through <= 3.16.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-hghp-rpcc-wp2c 
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Savory savory.This issue affects Savory: from n/a through <= 2.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVE-2003-0614 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in search.php of Gallery 1.1 through 1.3.4 allows remote attackers to insert arbitrary web script via the searchstring parameter.
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-759v-33rj-5hjh 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:bpf: Mask pseudo pointer values in verifier logsprint_bpf_insn() masks ldimm64 immediates for pointer-bearing pseudo
sources when pointer leaks are not allowed, but the mask only covers
BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD and BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE.BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX, BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX_VALUE, and BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID can
also be resolved to kernel pointer values before the verifier log prints
the instruction. Include them in the existing pointer classification so
the log prints 0x0 instead of the rewritten address.
CVE-2015-2381 
win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Information Disclosure Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2382.
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
CVE-2016-4083 
epan/dissectors/packet-mswsp.c in the MS-WSP dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.3 does not ensure that data is available before array allocation, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.9
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
CVE-2021-36781 parsec: dangerous 777 permissions for /run/parsec
A Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability in the parsec package of openSUSE Factory allows local attackers to imitate the service leading to DoS or clients talking to an imposter service. This issue affects: openSUSE Factory parsec versions prior to 0.8.1-1.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
GHSA-rxc2-7x3r-r2fx 
Tenda AC18 router v15.03.05.19 and v15.03.05.05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter at /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2023-48232 Floating point Exception in adjust_plines_for_skipcol() in vim
Vim is an open source command line text editor. A floating point exception may occur when calculating the line offset for overlong lines and smooth scrolling is enabled and the cpo-settings include the 'n' flag. This may happen when a window border is present and when the wrapped line continues on the next physical line directly in the window border because the 'cpo' setting includes the 'n' flag. Only users with non-default settings are affected and the exception should only result in a crash. This issue has been addressed in commit `cb0b99f0` which has been included in release version 9.0.2107. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.9
GHSA-jfcm-m7r8-v8wj 
Uncontrolled resource consumption in certain Zoom Workplace Clients may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2023-32111 Memory Corruption vulnerability in SAP PowerDesigner (Proxy)
In SAP PowerDesigner (Proxy) - version 16.7, an attacker can send a crafted request from a remote host to the proxy machine and crash the proxy server, due to faulty implementation of memory management causing a memory corruption. This leads to a high impact on availability of the application.


CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-v999-55fc-w9ww 
A vulnerability in the vDaemon service of Cisco&nbsp;SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected system, resulting in a&nbsp;denial of service (DoS) condition.
The vulnerability is due to incomplete bounds checks for data that is provided to the vDaemon service of an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious data to the vDaemon listening service on the affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a buffer overflow condition on the affected system, which could allow the attacker to cause the vDaemon listening service to reload and result in a DoS condition.Cisco&nbsp;has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2008-0944 
Ipswitch Instant Messaging (IM) 2.0.8.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL dereference and application crash) via a version field containing zero.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-2rvx-cvfc-mcp2 New Relic .NET Agent contains SQL Injection
New Relic .NET Agent before 6.3.123.0 adds SQL injection flaws to safe applications via vectors involving failure to escape quotes during use of the Slow Queries feature, as demonstrated by a mishandled quote in a VALUES clause of an INSERT statement, after bypassing a SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON protection mechanism.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVE-2021-41346 Console Window Host Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Console Window Host Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2023-39203 
Uncontrolled resource consumption in Zoom Team Chat for Zoom Desktop Client for Windows and Zoom VDI Client may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via network access.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2023-40020 Improper Authentication in PrivateUploader
PrivateUploader is an open source image hosting server written in Vue and TypeScript. In affected versions `app/routes/v3/admin.controller.ts` did not correctly verify whether the user was an administrator (High Level) or moderator (Low Level) causing the request to continue processing. The response would be a 403 with ADMIN_ONLY, however, next() would call leading to any updates/changes in the route to process. This issue has been addressed in version 3.2.49. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

CVSS v3.1 score: 9.9
GHSA-gj3p-j74v-3x57 ReLaXed Cross-site Scripting vulnerability
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in RelaxedJS ReLaXed up to 0.2.2. Affected is an unknown function of the component Pug to PDF Converter. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 1.9
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.3
CVE-2024-29006 Apache CloudStack: x-forwarded-for HTTP header parsed by default
By default the CloudStack management server honours the x-forwarded-for HTTP header and logs it as the source IP of an API request. This could lead to authentication bypass and other operational problems should an attacker decide to spoof their IP address this way. Users are recommended to upgrade to CloudStack version 4.18.1.1 or 4.19.0.1, which fixes this issue.


CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2026-40455 SQL Injection in LMS
An SQL Injection vulnerability exists in LMS (LAN Management System) before commit 4cb30a7 within the "tarifflist.php" module due to insufficient sanitization of the POST "tg[]" parameter. The application directly concatenates user-supplied array values into an SQL query using "implode()", allowing authenticated attackers to perform Error-Based SQL injection and extract sensitive database information.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.6
PYSEC-2026-1220 
Allegro Tech BigFlow prior to 1.6.0 is vulnerable to Missing SSL Certificate Validation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
CVE-2013-6203 
The Web Console in HP Application Information Optimizer (formerly HP Database Archiving) 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.0, and 7.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-1656.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-hvxg-wm6p-c93r 
The functionality for synchronization in HGiga OAKlouds' certain moudules has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers to inject system commands within specific request parameters. This enables the execution of arbitrary code on the remote server without permission.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2017-6692 
A vulnerability in Cisco Ultra Services Framework Element Manager could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to log in to the device with the privileges of the root user, aka an Insecure Default Account Information Vulnerability. More Information: CSCvd85710. Known Affected Releases: 21.0.v0.65839.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
GHSA-vfx3-vc54-592p 
An insecure temporary file vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Traps allows a local authenticated Windows user to escalate privileges or overwrite system files. This issue affects Palo Alto Networks Traps 5.0 versions before 5.0.8; 6.1 versions before 6.1.4 on Windows. This issue does not affect Cortex XDR 7.0. This issue does not affect Traps for Linux or MacOS.
CVE-2020-7874 NEXACRO14 Runtime arbitrary file download and execution vulnerability
Download of code without integrity check vulnerability in NEXACRO14 Runtime ActiveX control of tobesoft Co., Ltd allows the attacker to cause an arbitrary file download and execution. This vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of file download URL or file extension.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-6vm4-5f9c-f7m7 
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in FirelightWP Firelight Lightbox allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Firelight Lightbox: from n/a through 2.3.16.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2024-23708 
In multiple functions of NotificationManagerService.java, there is a possible way to not show a toast message when a clipboard message has been accessed. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2025-4367 Download Manager <= 3.3.18 - Authenticated (Author+) Stored Cross-site Scripting via wpdm_user_dashboard Shortcode
The Download Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's wpdm_user_dashboard shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.18 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-c7r5-8gm8-mxqv 
The Simple Photoswipe WordPress plugin through 0.1 does not have authorisation check when updating its settings, which could allow any authenticated users, such as subscriber to update them
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-xv54-r3hg-rvqj 
The Participants Database WordPress plugin before 2.7.8.4 does not properly sanitize and escape a user-supplied parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing unauthenticated attackers to perform SQL injection attacks.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.1
CVE-2022-32932 
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.7.1 and iPadOS 15.7.1, iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, watchOS 9.1. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2005-2381 
PHP Surveyor 0.98 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request to (1) question.php, (2) survey.php, or (3) group.php in the root directory, a direct request to (4) database.php, (5) sessioncontrol.php, (6) html.php, (7) sessioncontrol.php, an invalid (8) qid parameter to dumpquestion.php, or an invalid lid parameter to (9) labels.php or (10) dumplabel.php, which reveal the path in an error message.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2026-13400 Simply Schedule Appointments < 1.6.12.4 - Unauthenticated Stored XSS via Booking Customer Information
Simply Schedule Appointments is vulnerable to unauthenticated Stored Cross-Site Scripting in all versions up to and including 1.6.12.2. The root cause is a sanitization-ordering defect: the rendered notification content is decoded back into live HTML after it has already passed through the Simply Schedule Appointments WordPress plugin before 1.6.12.4's wp_kses_post() filter, so a double-encoded payload survives intake and is reintroduced as an executable element at render time.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
GHSA-jfm2-cpfp-74hr 
Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) exists in the Bibliography module in SLiMS 8 Akasia 8.3.1 via an admin/modules/bibliography/index.php?keywords= URI.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVE-2024-4158 Blocksy <= 2.0.42 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting
The Blocksy theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘tagName’ parameter in versions up to, and including, 2.0.42 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level permissions and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-65pg-39m2-53qg 
Buffer overflow in lpforms in SCO OpenServer 5.0-5.0.6 can allow a local attacker to gain additional privileges via a long first argument to the lpforms command.
CVE-2024-38312 
When browsing private tabs, some data related to location history or webpage thumbnails could be persisted incorrectly within the sandboxed app bundle after app termination This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS < 127.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2026-33666 Zserio: Integer Overflow in BitStreamReader on 32-bit platforms
Zserio is a framework for serializing structured data with a compact and efficient way with low overhead. Prior to 2.18.1, in BitStreamReader.h readBytes() / readString(), the setBitPosition() bounds check receives the overflowed value and is completely bypassed. The code then reads len bytes (512 MB) from a buffer that is only a few bytes long, causing a segmentation fault. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.18.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2024-11026 Intelligent Apps Freenow App Keystore SSL.java hard-coded password
A vulnerability was found in Intelligent Apps Freenow App 12.10.0 on Android. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file ch/qos/logback/core/net/ssl/SSL.java of the component Keystore Handler. The manipulation of the argument DEFAULT_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD with the input changeit leads to use of hard-coded password. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.7
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.7
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.6
CVE-2012-5071 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 7 and earlier, 6 Update 35 and earlier, and 5.0 Update 36 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity, related to JMX.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.4
GHSA-hrc4-whhq-v375 
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Wealcoder Animation Addons for Elementor animation-addons-for-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Animation Addons for Elementor: from n/a through <= 2.4.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2006-6094 
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in ActiveNews Manager allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) catID parameter to activeNews_categories.asp, the (2) articleID parameter to activeNews_comments.asp, or the (3) query parameter to activenews_search.asp.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-fpj5-75rc-33v4 
The profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities plugin before 2.8.6 for WordPress has remote code execution via an wp-admin/admin-ajax.php request with the action=pm_template_preview&html=<?php substring followed by PHP code.
GHSA-8qjx-hrfp-3mfh 
Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.23 and earlier are affected by a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be exploited by a low privileged attacker to execute malicious scripts in the context of the victim's browser. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction, such as visiting a crafted URL or interacting with a manipulated web page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
GHSA-xvqg-mv25-rwvw Parsing issue in matrix-org/node-irc leading to room takeovers
ImpactAttackers can specify a specific string of characters, which would confuse the bridge into combining an attacker-owned channel and an existing channel, allowing them to grant themselves permissions in the channel.PatchedThe vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc 0.35.0.WorkaroundsDisable dynamic channel joining via `dynamicChannels.enabled` to prevent users from joining new channels, which prevents any new channels being bridged outside of what is already bridged, and what is specified in the config.Referenceshttps://matrix.org/blog/2022/09/13/security-release-of-matrix-appservice-irc-0-35-0-high-severityCreditsDiscovered and reported by [Val Lorentz](https://valentin-lorentz.fr/).For more informationIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory email us at [security@matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-9hv9-fhrr-m92v 
In N2W before 4.3.2 and 4.4.0 before 4.4.1, improper validation of API request parameters enables remote code execution.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-xpw4-ggpm-hjwq 
The DIRapi library in Adobe Shockwave Player before 11.6.3.633 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-2446.
CVE-2025-11547 
AXIS Camera Station Pro contained a flaw to perform a privilege escalation attack on the server as a non-admin user.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-jp26-vw47-9r58 
The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 1.3.0 does not properly escape values when its installer script replaces values in WordPress configuration files. If this installer script is left on the site after use, it could be use to run arbitrary code on the server.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2016-0561 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle E-Business Intelligence component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-0564.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.5
CVE-2026-13223 Insufficient validation of payment status in pretix-computop
Our payment integration with Computop-based payment methods did not 
properly validate payment status responses. An attacker could use a 
successful payment status response from one payment and supply it to the
 system for a different payment, gaining access to multiple valid 
tickets with only one payment.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.3
CVE-2023-33139 Visual Studio Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Visual Studio Information Disclosure Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-4r6j-v785-r8vc 
74cmsSE v3.5.1 was discovered to contain a reflective cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the path /job.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVE-2025-5572 D-Link DCS-932L setSystemEmail stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DCS-932L 2.18.01. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setSystemEmail of the file /setSystemEmail. The manipulation of the argument EmailSMTPPortNumber leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
CVE-2008-0841 
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in the Giorgio Nordo Ricette (com_ricette) 1.0 component for Joomla! and Mambo allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-666m-fvc4-7rvq 
Vulnerability in the Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: End User Self Service).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and  14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via IIOP to compromise Identity Manager.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Identity Manager accessible data as well as  unauthorized read access to a subset of Identity Manager accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2019-8948 
PaperCut MF before 18.3.6 and PaperCut NG before 18.3.6 allow script injection via the user interface, aka PC-15163.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2003-1448 
Memory leak in the Windows 2000 kernel allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SMB request hang) via a NetBIOS continuation packet.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.8
GHSA-x25m-g22v-6hgf 
Vulnerability exists in SCI IEC 60870-5-104 and HCI IEC 60870-5-104 that affects the RTU500 series product versions listed below. Specially crafted messages sent to the mentioned components are not validated properly and can result in buffer overflow and as final consequence to a reboot of an RTU500 CMU.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
CVE-2017-16536 
The cx231xx_usb_probe function in drivers/media/usb/cx231xx/cx231xx-cards.c in the Linux kernel through 4.13.11 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted USB device.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.6
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
CVE-2012-0519 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Core RDBMS component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.2, when running on Windows, allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.1
CVE-2022-39855 
Improper access control vulnerability in FACM application prior to SMR Oct-2022 Release 1 allows a local attacker to connect arbitrary AP and Bluetooth devices.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.1
GHSA-8g22-g786-9c82 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Mahara 1.0 before 1.0.10 and 1.1 before 1.1.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a (1) profile and (2) blog, a different vulnerability than CVE-2009-0487.
GHSA-8j95-5rwj-mcvw 
Cisco TFTP Server 1.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a crafted (1) read (aka RRQ) or (2) write (aka WRQ) request, or other TFTP packet.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
GHSA-px34-hh2g-j67r 
An issue was discovered in kwajd_read_headers in mspack/kwajd.c in libmspack before 0.7alpha. Bad KWAJ file header extensions could cause a one or two byte overwrite.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
GHSA-v3f7-v9wm-vwj3 
PHP 3 and 4 do not properly cleanse user-injected format strings, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by triggering error messages that are improperly written to the error logs.
GHSA-pwx4-8w4v-3332 
The Eveeno plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's 'eveeno' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.7 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
PYSEC-2026-1591 
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Calculate function of parisneo/lollms version 9.8. The vulnerability arises from the use of Python's `eval()` function to evaluate mathematical expressions within a Python sandbox that disables `__builtins__` and only allows functions from the `math` module. This sandbox can be bypassed by loading the `os` module using the `_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter` class, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server. The issue is fixed in version 9.10.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.4
GHSA-27cc-f5jv-v62h 
Multiple issues in ld64 in the Xcode toolchains were addressed by updating to version ld64-507.4. This issue is fixed in Xcode 11.0. Compiling code without proper input validation could lead to arbitrary code execution with user privilege.
CVE-2020-4532 
IBM Business Automation Workflow and IBM Business Process Manager (IBM Business Process Manager Express 8.5.5, 8.5.6, 8.5.7, and 8.6) could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 182716.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
GHSA-r46h-84hj-6g84 
EMC RSA Archer 5.x before GRC 5.3SP1, and Archer Smart Suite Framework 4.x, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and modify global reports via unspecified vectors.
GHSA-6ch3-wrpq-j455 
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in LambertGroup HTML5 Radio Player - WPBakery Page Builder Addon allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects HTML5 Radio Player - WPBakery Page Builder Addon: from n/a through 2.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVE-2023-49910 
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web interface Radio Scheduling functionality of Tp-Link AC1350 Wireless MU-MIMO Gigabit Access Point (EAP225 V3) v5.1.0 Build 20220926. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability refers specifically to the overflow that occurs via the `ssid` parameter at offset `0x42247c` of the `httpd` binary shipped with v5.0.4 Build 20220216 of the EAP115.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
CVE-2023-52632 drm/amdkfd: Fix lock dependency warning with srcu
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amdkfd: Fix lock dependency warning with srcu

======================================================
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.5.0-kfd-yangp #2289 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------------
kworker/0:2/996 is trying to acquire lock:
        (srcu){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: __synchronize_srcu+0x5/0x1a0

but task is already holding lock:
        ((work_completion)(&svms->deferred_list_work)){+.+.}-{0:0}, at:
	process_one_work+0x211/0x560

which lock already depends on the new lock.

the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

-> #3 ((work_completion)(&svms->deferred_list_work)){+.+.}-{0:0}:
        __flush_work+0x88/0x4f0
        svm_range_list_lock_and_flush_work+0x3d/0x110 [amdgpu]
        svm_range_set_attr+0xd6/0x14c0 [amdgpu]
        kfd_ioctl+0x1d1/0x630 [amdgpu]
        __x64_sys_ioctl+0x88/0xc0

-> #2 (&info->lock#2){+.+.}-{3:3}:
        __mutex_lock+0x99/0xc70
        amdgpu_amdkfd_gpuvm_restore_process_bos+0x54/0x740 [amdgpu]
        restore_process_helper+0x22/0x80 [amdgpu]
        restore_process_worker+0x2d/0xa0 [amdgpu]
        process_one_work+0x29b/0x560
        worker_thread+0x3d/0x3d0

-> #1 ((work_completion)(&(&process->restore_work)->work)){+.+.}-{0:0}:
        __flush_work+0x88/0x4f0
        __cancel_work_timer+0x12c/0x1c0
        kfd_process_notifier_release_internal+0x37/0x1f0 [amdgpu]
        __mmu_notifier_release+0xad/0x240
        exit_mmap+0x6a/0x3a0
        mmput+0x6a/0x120
        do_exit+0x322/0xb90
        do_group_exit+0x37/0xa0
        __x64_sys_exit_group+0x18/0x20
        do_syscall_64+0x38/0x80

-> #0 (srcu){.+.+}-{0:0}:
        __lock_acquire+0x1521/0x2510
        lock_sync+0x5f/0x90
        __synchronize_srcu+0x4f/0x1a0
        __mmu_notifier_release+0x128/0x240
        exit_mmap+0x6a/0x3a0
        mmput+0x6a/0x120
        svm_range_deferred_list_work+0x19f/0x350 [amdgpu]
        process_one_work+0x29b/0x560
        worker_thread+0x3d/0x3d0

other info that might help us debug this:
Chain exists of:
  srcu --> &info->lock#2 --> (work_completion)(&svms->deferred_list_work)

Possible unsafe locking scenario:

        CPU0                    CPU1
        ----                    ----
        lock((work_completion)(&svms->deferred_list_work));
                        lock(&info->lock#2);
			lock((work_completion)(&svms->deferred_list_work));
        sync(srcu);
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2022-36566 
Rengine v1.3.0 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the scan engine function.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-52gc-4759-83hj 
The Horsepower (aka com.apptive.android.apps.horsepower) application 2.10.11 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
GHSA-qr3j-7fmq-f3gx 
Thales nShield Connect hardware models 500, 1500, 6000, 500+, 1500+, and 6000+ before 11.72 allows physically proximate attackers to sign arbitrary data with previously loaded signing keys, extract the device identification key [KNETI] and impersonate the nShield Connect device on a network, affect the integrity and confidentiality of newly created keys, and potentially cause other unspecified impacts using previously loaded keys by connecting to the USB port on the front panel.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-32j7-h4wq-r683 
Use after free in Bookmarks in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
PYSEC-2021-876 
Versions of Apache DolphinScheduler prior to 1.3.2 allowed an ordinary user under any tenant to override another users password through the API interface.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-2q68-c93j-vxw8 
Beckhoff Embedded Windows PLCs through 3.1.4024.0, and Beckhoff Twincat on Windows Engineering stations, allow an attacker to achieve Remote Code Execution (as SYSTEM) via the Beckhoff ADS protocol.
GHSA-249h-g975-9xj2 
In OpenStack Heat, by launching a new Heat stack with a local URL an authenticated user may conduct network discovery revealing internal network configuration. Affected versions are <=5.0.3, >=6.0.0 <=6.1.0, and ==7.0.0.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-43f3-c74j-pqxh 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in default.asp in Ocean12 Contact Manager Pro 1.02 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the DisplayFormat parameter.
CVE-2022-39168 
IBM Robotic Process Automation Clients are vulnerable to proxy credentials being exposed in upgrade logs. IBM X-Force ID: 235422.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.6
CVE-2024-39375 Use of Client-Side Authentication in TELSAT marKoni FM Transmitter
TELSAT marKoni FM Transmitters are vulnerable to an attacker bypassing authentication and gaining administrator privileges.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.3
CVE-2024-21626 runc container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds
runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers on Linux according to the OCI specification. In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from runc exec) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem ("attack 2"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through runc run ("attack 1"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes ("attack 3a" and "attack 3b"). runc 1.1.12 includes patches for this issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.6
GHSA-8jc6-xgrg-9fp3 
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Noah Hearle, Design Extreme Reviews and Rating – Google My Business allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Reviews and Rating – Google My Business: from n/a through 4.14.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2020-27887 
An issue was discovered in EyesOfNetwork 5.3 through 5.3-8. An authenticated web user with sufficient privileges could abuse the AutoDiscovery module to run arbitrary OS commands via the nmap_binary parameter to lilac/autodiscovery.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
GHSA-r4q9-r94f-xmhg 
Mattermost fails to enforce a limit for the size of the cache entry for  OpenGraph data allowing an attacker to send a specially crafted request to the /api/v4/opengraph filling the cache and turning the server unavailable.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-1999-0420 
umapfs allows local users to gain root privileges by changing their uid through a malicious mount_umap program.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
GHSA-3r2v-v8vm-3g58 
QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with the NE2000 device emulation support is vulnerable to an OOB r/w access issue. It could occur while performing 'ioport' r/w operations. A privileged (CAP_SYS_RAWIO) user/process could use this flaw to leak or corrupt QEMU memory bytes.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVE-2020-0468 
In listen() and related functions of TelephonyRegistry.java, there is a possible permissions bypass of location permissions due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11Android ID: A-158484422
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
GHSA-qm4w-8f5q-j6mh 
IBM QRadar SIEM 7.5 through 7.5.0 Update Pack 13 Independent Fix 02 is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows an authenticated user to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2025-6595 
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation MultimediaViewer.This issue affects MultimediaViewer: from * before 1.39.13, 1.42.7, 1.43.2, 1.44.0.
CVSS v4.0 score: 0
GHSA-j7jp-97jf-4496 
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Oduyo Online Collection Software allows SQL Injection.This issue affects Online Collection Software: before 1.0.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2024-7519 
Insufficient checks when processing graphics shared memory could have led to memory corruption. This could be leveraged by an attacker to perform a sandbox escape. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 129, Firefox ESR < 115.14, Firefox ESR < 128.1, Thunderbird < 128.1, and Thunderbird < 115.14.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2019-9766 
Stack-based buffer overflow in Free MP3 CD Ripper 2.6, when converting a file, allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .mp3 file.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-38wr-pjxc-vgf7 
Knot Resolver before 5.6.0 enables attackers to consume its resources, launching amplification attacks and potentially causing a denial of service. Specifically, a single client query may lead to a hundred TCP connection attempts if a DNS server closes connections without providing a response.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2025-40058 iommu/vt-d: Disallow dirty tracking if incoherent page walk
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/vt-d: Disallow dirty tracking if incoherent page walk

Dirty page tracking relies on the IOMMU atomically updating the dirty bit
in the paging-structure entry. For this operation to succeed, the paging-
structure memory must be coherent between the IOMMU and the CPU. In
another word, if the iommu page walk is incoherent, dirty page tracking
doesn't work.

The Intel VT-d specification, Section 3.10 "Snoop Behavior" states:

"Remapping hardware encountering the need to atomically update A/EA/D bits
 in a paging-structure entry that is not snooped will result in a non-
 recoverable fault."

To prevent an IOMMU from being incorrectly configured for dirty page
tracking when it is operating in an incoherent mode, mark SSADS as
supported only when both ecap_slads and ecap_smpwc are supported.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-9mp2-4mg9-mjv5 
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley View 10.15.0.75. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DGN files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15515.
GHSA-6jwc-5xg2-843h 
An authenticated attacker can upload a file with a filename including “..” and “/” to achieve the ability to upload the desired file anywhere on the filesystem. This vulnerability impacts products based on HID Mercury Intelligent Controllers LP1501, LP1502, LP2500, LP4502, and EP4502 which contain firmware versions prior to 1.271. This allows a malicious actor to overwrite sensitive system files and install a startup service to gain remote access to the underlaying Linux operating system with root privileges.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-7372-3rg3-25vw 
A potential vulnerability was found in 32-bit builds where an integer overflow during the conversion of scripts to an internal UTF-16 representation could result in allocating a buffer too small for the conversion. This leads to a possible out-of-bounds write. *Note: 64-bit builds are not vulnerable to this issue.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 63, Firefox ESR < 60.3, and Thunderbird < 60.3.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-13510 SimStudioAI sim Password Protection deployment.ts weak hash
A vulnerability was found in SimStudioAI sim up to 0.6.92. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality in the library apps/sim/lib/core/security/deployment.ts of the component Password Protection Handler. Performing a manipulation results in use of weak hash. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.7
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.7
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.6
CVE-2025-68223 drm/radeon: delete radeon_fence_process in is_signaled, no deadlock
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/radeon: delete radeon_fence_process in is_signaled, no deadlock

Delete the attempt to progress the queue when checking if fence is
signaled. This avoids deadlock.

dma-fence_ops::signaled can be called with the fence lock in unknown
state. For radeon, the fence lock is also the wait queue lock. This can
cause a self deadlock when signaled() tries to make forward progress on
the wait queue. But advancing the queue is unneeded because incorrectly
returning false from signaled() is perfectly acceptable.

(cherry picked from commit 527ba26e50ec2ca2be9c7c82f3ad42998a75d0db)
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-9xf3-qrpw-5fjc 
WordPress allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (bandwidth or thread consumption) via pingback service calls with a source URI that corresponds to a file with a binary content type, which is downloaded even though it cannot contain usable pingback data.
CVE-2026-17501 ggml-org llama.cpp JSON-Schema-to-GBNF Conversion json-schema-to-grammar.cpp transform recursion
A flaw has been found in ggml-org llama.cpp e15efe0. This vulnerability affects the function transform of the file common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp of the component JSON-Schema-to-GBNF Conversion. This manipulation causes uncontrolled recursion. The attack may be initiated remotely. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.9
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2026-11044 
Integer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-m295-5j7h-r792 
IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager 2.6, 2.7, and 3.0 discloses sensitive information to unauthorized users. The information can be used to mount further attacks on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 148422.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVE-2024-41177 Apache Zeppelin: XSS in the Helium module
Incomplete Blacklist to Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.

This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: before 0.12.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.12.0, which fixes the issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
GHSA-5cjx-95fx-68q9 
Crypto wallets implementing the GG18 or GG20 TSS protocol might allow an attacker to extract a full ECDSA private key by injecting a malicious pallier key and cheating in the range proof. Depending on the Beta parameters chosen in the protocol implementation, the attack might require 16 signatures or more fully exfiltrate the other parties' private key shares.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.6
CVE-2008-7020 
McAfee SafeBoot Device Encryption 4 build 4750 and earlier stores pre-boot authentication passwords in the BIOS Keyboard buffer and does not clear this buffer after use, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the physical memory locations associated with this buffer.
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
RHSA-2026:4473 Red Hat Security Advisory: python3.11 security update
cpython: IMAP command injection in user-controlled commands cpython: POP3 command injection in user-controlled commands cpython: wsgiref.headers.Headers allows header newline injection in Python cpython: email header injection due to unquoted newlines
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVE-2023-40055 SolarWinds Network Configuration Manager Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
The Network Configuration Manager was susceptible to a Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.  This vulnerability allows a low-level user to perform the actions with SYSTEM privileges. We found this issue was not resolved in CVE-2023-33227
CVSS v3.1 score: 8
CVE-2012-6666 
vBSeo before 3.6.0PL2 allows XSS via the member.php u parameter.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-9x5r-j6v5-h93r 
Four format string injection vulnerabilities exist in the XCMD testWifiAP functionality of Abode Systems, Inc. iota All-In-One Security Kit 6.9X and 6.9Z. Specially-crafted configuration values can lead to memory corruption, information disclosure and denial of service. An attacker can modify a configuration value and then execute an XCMD to trigger these vulnerabilities.This vulnerability arises from format string injection via the `default_key_id` configuration parameter, as used within the `testWifiAP` XCMD handler
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-4w4c-3fhx-c3w8 
The UrbanGo Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation in versions up to, and including, 1.0.4. This is due to the plugin allowing users who are registering new accounts to set their own role or by supplying 'user_register_role' field. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges by creating an account with the administrator role.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2013-5906 
Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u55, 6u65, and 7u45 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Install, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-5905.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.1