CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2023-49745 WordPress Spiffy Calendar Plugin <= 4.9.5 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Spiffy Plugins Spiffy Calendar allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Spiffy Calendar: from n/a through 4.9.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2016-4300 
Integer overflow in the read_SubStreamsInfo function in archive_read_support_format_7zip.c in libarchive before 3.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a 7zip file with a large number of substreams, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-mxwj-xfpv-wqcg 
Kofax Power PDF response Type Confusion Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.The specific flaw exists within the implementation of the app.response method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a type confusion condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20601.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVE-2025-49265 WordPress Membership For WooCommerce plugin <= 2.8.1 - Broken Access Control Vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP Swings Membership For WooCommerce membership-for-woocommerce allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Membership For WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 2.8.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2025-26634 Windows Core Messaging Elevation of Privileges Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Core Messaging allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2022-29864 
OPC UA .NET Standard Stack 1.04.368 allows a remote attacker to cause a server to crash via a large number of messages that trigger Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-4pwx-p578-rqxj 
A remote arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): Prior to 6.10.0, 6.9.6 and 6.8.9. Aruba has released updates to ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
GHSA-jvv2-j6j8-h6pp 
Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h SNC_io_parser<EW>::read_facet() fh->twin().
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-4vww-mc66-62m6 HTTP Request Smuggling in Apache Tomcat
Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.6, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.46 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.66 did not correctly parse the HTTP transfer-encoding request header in some circumstances leading to the possibility to request smuggling when used with a reverse proxy. Specifically: - Tomcat incorrectly ignored the transfer encoding header if the client declared it would only accept an HTTP/1.0 response; - Tomcat honoured the identify encoding; and - Tomcat did not ensure that, if present, the chunked encoding was the final encoding.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2024-31904 IBM App Connect Enterprise denial of service
IBM App Connect Enterprise 11.0.0.1 through 11.0.0.25 and 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.0 integration nodes could allow an authenticated user to cause a denial of service due to an uncaught exception.  IBM X-Force ID:  289647.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-cq43-78ch-3f5q 
A weakness has been identified in h2oai h2o-3 up to 7402. This vulnerability affects the function exec of the file h2o-core/src/main/java/water/rapids/ast/prims/misc/AstSetProperty.java of the component Rapids setproperty Primitive Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper access controls. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.5
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
RHSA-2024:3715 Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.12.59 packages and security update
golang-protobuf: encoding/protojson, internal/encoding/json: infinite loop in protojson.Unmarshal when unmarshaling certain forms of invalid JSON
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
GHSA-8hvh-7pr8-r6wh 
In the ebuild package through smokeping-2.7.3-r1 for SmokePing on Gentoo, the initscript allows the smokeping user to gain ownership of any file, allowing for the smokeping user to gain root privileges. There is a race condition involving /var/lib/smokeping and chown.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-j54r-cf4j-rg3q 
IBM Jazz Foundation and IBM Engineering products are vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 193738.
GHSA-mw2h-r48f-g8c9 
Mozilla developers Ashley Hale and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team reported memory safety bugs present in Thunderbird 102.3. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 102.4, Firefox ESR < 102.4, and Firefox < 106.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
RHSA-2024:1786 Red Hat Security Advisory: httpd:2.4/mod_http2 security update
httpd: CONTINUATION frames DoS
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2021-45668 
Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by stored XSS. This affects EAX20 before 1.0.0.48, EAX80 before 1.0.1.64, EX3700 before 1.0.0.90, EX3800 before 1.0.0.90, EX6120 before 1.0.0.64, EX6130 before 1.0.0.44, EX7500 before 1.0.0.72, R7960P before 1.4.1.66, R7900P before 1.4.1.66, R8000P before 1.4.1.66, RAX15 before 1.0.2.82, RAX20 before 1.0.2.82, RAX200 before 1.0.3.106, RAX45 before 1.0.2.72, RAX50 before 1.0.2.72, RAX75 before 1.0.3.106, and RAX80 before 1.0.3.106.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-jxr6-7qg5-8wv6 OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery
A form can be manipulated with cross-site request forgery in multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. This can potentially allow an attacker to gain access to confidential information and compromise integrity. The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2023.1.1 or Horizon 31.0.6 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.7
GHSA-v9fh-q92x-crhx 
The WP eCommerce WordPress plugin through 3.15.1 does not have CSRF check in place when deleting coupons, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin remove them via a CSRF attack
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2025-68347 ALSA: firewire-motu: fix buffer overflow in hwdep read for DSP events
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ALSA: firewire-motu: fix buffer overflow in hwdep read for DSP events

The DSP event handling code in hwdep_read() could write more bytes to
the user buffer than requested, when a user provides a buffer smaller
than the event header size (8 bytes).

Fix by using min_t() to clamp the copy size, This ensures we never copy
more than the user requested.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2005-3063 
SQL injection vulnerability in MailGust 1.9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the email field on the password reminder page.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-p9g3-rphv-8hgj 
Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 v9.0.2. In the 'ShowSupervisorParameters()' function, there is an unlimited user input that is copied to a fixed-size buffer via 'sprintf()'. The 'GetParameter(meter)' function retrieves the user input, which is directly incorporated into a buffer without size validation. An attacker can provide an excessively large input for the 'meter' parameter.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.5
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2025-27748 Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Use after free in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2019-10086 
In Apache Commons Beanutils 1.9.2, a special BeanIntrospector class was added which allows suppressing the ability for an attacker to access the classloader via the class property available on all Java objects. We, however were not using this by default characteristic of the PropertyUtilsBean.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2019-16131 
framework/admin/modulec_control.php in OKLite v1.2.25 has an Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability because a .php file from a ZIP archive can be written to /data/cache/.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
PYSEC-2022-43153 
Wasm3 0.5.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow in NewCodePage in m3_code.c (called indirectly from Compile_BranchTable in m3_compile.c).
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2026-19896 mangroup dtale Flask Session Cookie app.py build_secret_key random values
A flaw has been found in mangroup dtale up to 3.22.0. This vulnerability affects the function build_secret_key of the file dtale/app.py of the component Flask Session Cookie. This manipulation causes insufficiently random values. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The attack's complexity is rated as high. It is stated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.7
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.7
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.6
GHSA-6r8c-pjj3-82cv 
In mlog service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with System execution privileges needed.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.4
GHSA-87mh-7m9m-w48p 
Huawei VMall (for Android) with the versions before 1.5.8.5 have a privilege elevation vulnerability due to improper design. An attacker can trick users into installing a malicious app which can send out HTTP requests and execute JavaScript code in web pages without obtaining the Internet access permission. Successful exploit could lead to resource occupation or information leak.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.1
CVE-2026-17704 
Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.6
GHSA-x37v-hm75-xvf9 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:net/tcp-ao: fix use-after-free of key in del_async pathIn tcp_ao_delete_key(), the del_async path skips the current_key
and rnext_key validity checks present in the synchronous path,
assuming these pointers are always NULL on LISTEN sockets.  However,
if a key was added with set_current=1/set_rnext=1 while the socket
was in CLOSE state, current_key and rnext_key will be non-NULL
after listen() transitions the socket to LISTEN.When such a key is deleted with del_async=1, hlist_del_rcu() and
call_rcu() free the key without clearing the dangling pointers.
After the RCU grace period, getsockopt(TCP_AO_INFO) dereferences
current_key->sndid and rnext_key->rcvid from freed slab memory.Clear current_key and rnext_key in the del_async path when they
reference the key being deleted.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2021-26326 
Failure to validate VM_HSAVE_PA during SNP_INIT may result in a loss of memory integrity.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
GHSA-hrfv-4245-jm2h 
agorum Software GmbH Agorum core open v11.9.2 & v11.10.1 was discovered to contain a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVE-2017-11725 
The share function in Thycotic Secret Server before 10.2.000019 mishandles the Back Button, leading to unintended redirections.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.4
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.8
GHSA-qf7q-96xw-2xgh 
Report generation functionality in Wyn Enterprise allows for code inclusion, but not sufficiently limits what code might be included. An attacker is able use a low privileges account in order to abuse this functionality and execute malicious code, load DLL libraries and executing OS commands on a host system with applications high privileges.
This issue has been fixed in version 8.0.00204.0
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
CVE-2024-7540 oFono AT CMGL Command Uninitialized Variable Information Disclosure Vulnerability
oFono AT CMGL Command Uninitialized Variable Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of oFono. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute code on the target modem in order to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of responses from AT+CMGL commands. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of memory prior to accessing it. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-23307.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.3
CVE-2009-4314 
Sun Ray Server Software 4.1 on Solaris 10, when Automatic Multi-Group Hotdesking (AMGH) is enabled, responds to a logout action by immediately logging the user in again, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain access to a session by going to an unattended DTU device.
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.4
CVE-2019-19821 
A post-authentication privilege escalation in the web application of Combodo iTop allows regular authenticated users to access information and modify information with administrative privileges by not following the HTTP Location header in server responses. This is fixed in all iTop packages (community, essential, professional) in versions : 2.5.4, 2.6.3, 2.7.0
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.5
GHSA-m4rx-8cqf-h494 
A security vulnerability has been detected in nextlevelbuilder GoClaw up to 3.11.3. This affects the function resolveAuth of the file internal/http/auth.go of the component Webhook Verification Handler. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project tagged the reported issue as bug.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.5
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVE-2025-53030 
Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core).   The supported version that is affected is 7.1.10. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox.  While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change).  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.0 (Confidentiality impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
CVSS v3.1 score: 6
GHSA-xqwj-7jph-vrcj 
Bento4 v1.6.0-640 was discovered to contain an out-of-memory bug via the AP4_DataBuffer::ReallocateBuffer() function.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2024-30088 Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 7
CVE-2018-9313 
The Head Unit HU_NBT (aka Infotainment) component on BMW i Series, BMW X Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, and BMW 7 Series vehicles produced in 2012 through 2018 allows a remote attack via Bluetooth when in pairing mode, leading to a Head Unit reboot.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.7
GHSA-wc3w-6w73-gmv5 
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in SDD Computer Software SDD-Baro allows SQL Injection.This issue affects SDD-Baro: before 2.8.432.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-1999-0681 
Buffer overflow in Microsoft FrontPage Server Extensions (PWS) 3.0.2.926 on Windows 95, and possibly other versions, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a long URL.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-qmcq-8c6w-84fw 
IBM Security Directory Suite VA 8.0.1 through 8.0.1.19 uses an inadequate account lockout setting that could allow a remote attacker to brute force account credentials.  IBM X-Force ID:  228510.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2019-4262 
IBM QRadar SIEM 7.2 and 7.3 is vulnerable to Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This may allow an unauthenticated attacker to send unauthorized requests from the QRadar system, potentially leading to network enumeration or facilitating other attacks. IBM X-Force ID: 160014.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
GHSA-6xc5-hvpf-5vpf 
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Rustaurius Ultimate WP Mail allows Phishing. This issue affects Ultimate WP Mail: from n/a through 1.3.2.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.7
CVE-2025-49744 Windows Graphics Component Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7
GHSA-xj23-fxfm-58rq 
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR Nighthawk R7800. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the rc_service parameter provided to apply_bind.cgi. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12303.
RHSA-2026:11062 Red Hat Security Advisory: python3.11 security update
python: cpython: Python: Arbitrary code execution via command injection in webbrowser.open() API python: Python: Arbitrary code execution or information disclosure via use-after-free in decompression modules
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
PYSEC-2024-44 
In RPyC before 6.0.0, when a server exposes a method that calls the attribute named __array__ for a client-provided netref (e.g., np.array(client_netref)), a remote attacker can craft a class that results in remote code execution.
GHSA-9vwx-p676-j2xw 
Vulnerability in the Oracle Human Resources component of Oracle E-Business Suite (subcomponent: General Utilities). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.1, 12.1.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, 12.2.4, 12.2.5, 12.2.6 and 12.2.7. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Human Resources. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Human Resources accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVE-2026-54765 Traefik: Gateway HTTPRoute backendRef filters can leak backend context across routes sharing a Service:port
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From v3.7.0 prior to v3.7.6, Traefik's Kubernetes Gateway API provider may resolve two accepted HTTPRoutes that target the same backend Service:port but configure different backendRef filters to the same child service and apply only one route's filter set to all requests reaching that backend. In Gateway deployments where backendRef filters set security-sensitive headers, such as tenant identity, authorization context, or values the backend trusts, an attacker who can create an accepted HTTPRoute sharing the same backend Service:port may cause their route's filter context to be applied to another route's requests, potentially crossing namespace boundaries when a ReferenceGrant permits cross-namespace targeting. This issue is fixed in version v3.7.6.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.3
GHSA-cqm8-rg2p-jfcf Infinispan CLI vulnerable to Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
A flaw was found in Infinispan CLI. A sensitive password, decoded from a Base64-encoded Kubernetes secret, is processed in plaintext and included in a command string that may expose the data in an error message when a command is not found.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-wfv2-mrh8-3fx5 
Observable response discrepancy vulnerability in Bilin Software and Informatics Consultancy Inc. HUMANIST Digital Human Resources allows Account Footprinting.This issue affects HUMANIST Digital Human Resources: from 26.0 before 26.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-1999-0421 
During a reboot after an installation of Linux Slackware 3.6, a remote attacker can obtain root access by logging in to the root account without a password.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
CVE-2022-39804 
Due to lack of proper memory management, when a victim opens a manipulated SolidWorks Part (.sldprt, CoreCadTranslator.exe) file received from untrusted sources in SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Author - version 9, it is possible that a Remote Code Execution can be triggered when payload forces a stack-based overflow or a re-use of dangling pointer which refers to overwritten space in memory.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2018-13728 
The mintToken function of a smart contract implementation for JixoCoin, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow that allows the owner of the contract to set the balance of an arbitrary user to any value.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2023-2963 SQLi in Oliva Expertise
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Oliva Expertise Oliva Expertise EKS allows SQL Injection.

This issue affects Oliva Expertise EKS: before 1.2.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-2hqp-7448-qrw3 
The MPTCP module has the memory leak vulnerability. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can cause memory leaks.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-67612 OpenEMR 8.2.0 Stored XSS via import_template.php Template Management
OpenEMR through 8.2.0 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the patient portal template system that allows authenticated administrators to inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript by storing malicious payloads through the template save mode, which only filters literal PHP open tags. Attackers can exploit the lack of output encoding at the template retrieval endpoint combined with missing HttpOnly cookie attributes to exfiltrate session tokens via document.cookie access, enabling full session hijacking of any admin, clinician, or portal patient who views a poisoned template.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.8
GHSA-f29h-7mfm-m2h9 
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in PSDParser.cpp::ReadImageLine() in FreeImage 3.19.0 [r1859] allows remote attackers to ru narbitrary code via use of crafted psd file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-xhpg-ggxx-427r 
Key material used for TZ diag buffer encryption and other data related to log buffer is not wiped securely due to improper usage of memset in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking
GHSA-9v8v-x9r9-24h6 
Websense Enterprise 6.3.1 allows remote attackers to bypass content filtering by visiting http URLs with a (1) RealPlayer G2, (2) MSMSGS, or (3) StoneHttpAgent User-Agent header, which results in a Non-HTTP categorization.
CVE-2025-25032 IBM Cognos Analytics denial of service
IBM Cognos Analytics 11.2.0, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.3, 11.2.4, 12.0.0, 12.0.1, 12.0.2, 12.0.3, and 12.0.4 could allow an authenticated user to cause a denial of service by sending a specially crafted request that would exhaust memory resources.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
PYSEC-2026-3621 
### Summary
Thumbor's `filters:proportion(<value>)` filter does not enforce an upper bound on `<value>` and runs in the post-transform phase. An attacker can trigger extremely large resizes (CPU/memory exhaustion) and cause denial of service.

### Details
- Filter implementation: `thumbor/filters/proportion.py`
  - `value` is parsed as a float (`BaseFilter.DecimalNumber`) with no maximum.
  - The filter computes `new_width = source_width * value` and `new_height = source_height * value` and then calls `engine.resize(new_width, new_height)`.
- Execution phase: `proportion` runs in the default POST_TRANSFORM phase (after the main transform pipeline). This means it can effectively bypass request-level size clamping that happens earlier in the request lifecycle (e.g., `MAX_WIDTH`/`MAX_HEIGHT` applied to `req.width/req.height`).

Documentation states the `percentage` argument should be `0.0 to 1.0` (`docs/proportion.rst`), but the implementation does not enforce this constraint.

### PoC
#### Preconditions
- The `proportion` filter is enabled (it is enabled by default via `BUILTIN_FILTERS`).
- Either:
  - `/unsafe/` URLs are allowed (`ALLOW_UNSAFE_URL=True`, common default in some deployments), OR
  - `/unsafe/` is disabled, and the attacker has a valid signed URL (i.e., the attacker is an authorized user/partner, or otherwise can obtain signed URLs issued by a trusted signing service).

#### Example request 1 (signed URL)
The following request was used to reproduce the issue and causes severe resource exhaustion:

`http://<host>:<port>/<url-sign>/100x100/filters:proportion(10000)/example.jpg`

#### Example request 2 (/unsafe/)
If `/unsafe/` is enabled:

`http://<host>:<port>/unsafe/100x100/filters:proportion(10000)/example.jpg`

### Impact
- Remote Denial of Service via CPU and/or memory exhaustion (and potentially process crash / OOM kill).
- Exploitability depends on deployment:
  - If `/unsafe/` is enabled: unauthenticated remote DoS.
  - If `/unsafe/` is disabled: the attacker needs a valid signed URL (i.e., the attacker can legitimately request signed URLs, or has access to signed URLs issued for other users/partners). If signed URLs are not exposed to untrusted parties, exploitability is reduced but the risk still applies to any party who can generate/use signed URLs.

### Suggested remediation
- Enforce a strict bound on the `proportion` parameter (e.g., `0.0 < value <= 1.0` as documented), or define a safe maximum based on intended semantics.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-qhj7-cvpp-4wm8 
Vulnerability in the WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Console).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and  14.1.1.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise WebLogic Server.  Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.3
CVE-2003-0210 
Buffer overflow in the administration service (CSAdmin) for Cisco Secure ACS before 3.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via a long user parameter to port 2002.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-83vf-mjcw-6wh8 
The Contour Service was not checking that users had permission to create an analysis for a given dataset. This could allow an attacker to clutter up Compass folders with extraneous analyses, that the attacker would otherwise not have permission to create.
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.7
PYSEC-2026-85 
LlamaIndex (run-llama/llama_index) versions up to and including 0.11.6 contain an unsafe deserialization vulnerability in BGEM3Index.load_from_disk() in llama_index/indices/managed/bge_m3/base.py. The function uses pickle.load() to deserialize multi_embed_store.pkl from a user-supplied persist_dir without validation. An attacker who can provide a crafted persist directory containing a malicious pickle file can trigger arbitrary code execution when the victim loads the index from disk.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-8j4g-w8fx-2239 Hono: ReDoS in CORS middleware via Access-Control-Request-Headers
SummaryThe built-in CORS middleware (`hono/cors`) parses the attacker-controlled `Access-Control-Request-Headers` request header during a preflight (`OPTIONS`) request using a regular expression whose running time is quadratic in the input length. A single request carrying a long run of whitespace can consume seconds of CPU, and repeated requests can render the service unresponsive. This parsing runs under the default configuration.DetailsOn a CORS preflight, when `allowHeaders` is not configured - the default - the middleware reflects and parses the `Access-Control-Request-Headers` value. The parser used a whitespace-tolerant regular expression whose backtracking makes the work grow quadratically (O(n²)) with the length of the value when it contains a long whitespace sequence without a delimiter.Because the header value is bounded only by the deployment's maximum HTTP header size, a single preflight can block request processing for a noticeable amount of time; on runtimes that share one execution thread across requests, this stalls concurrent requests as well. No authentication, special origin, or user interaction is required.This issue arises for any application using `cors()` with the default (or an empty) `allowHeaders`. Applications that set a non-empty `allowHeaders` do not reach the affected path.ImpactAn unauthenticated attacker can send preflight requests that each consume disproportionate CPU relative to their size, degrading or denying service. This is a denial-of-service issue only; it does not expose or modify data.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
GHSA-28g2-hxcm-j3q2 
wb2osz/direwolf (Dire Wolf) versions up to and including 1.8, prior to commit 694c954, contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the function kiss_rec_byte() located in src/kiss_frame.c. When processing crafted KISS frames that reach the maximum allowed frame length (MAX_KISS_LEN), the function appends a terminating FEND byte without reserving sufficient space in the stack buffer. This results in an out-of-bounds write followed by an out-of-bounds read during the subsequent call to kiss_unwrap(), leading to stack memory corruption or application crashes. This vulnerability may allow remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service condition.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
GHSA-jqmg-p26g-933q 
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Manage Fastrack Subjects in Code-Projects Exam Form Submission 1.0 allows attackers to run arbitrary code via the "Subject Name" and "Subject Code" Section.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVE-2025-62703 Fugue is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution by Pickle Deserialization via FlaskRPCServer
Fugue is a unified interface for distributed computing that lets users execute Python, Pandas, and SQL code on Spark, Dask, and Ray with minimal rewrites. In version 0.9.2 and prior, there is a remote code execution vulnerability by pickle deserialization via FlaskRPCServer. The Fugue framework implements an RPC server system for distributed computing operations. In the core functionality of the RPC server implementation, I found that the _decode() function in fugue/rpc/flask.py directly uses cloudpickle.loads() to deserialize data without any sanitization. This creates a remote code execution vulnerability when malicious pickle data is processed by the RPC server. The vulnerability exists in the RPC communication mechanism where the client can send arbitrary serialized Python objects that will be deserialized on the server side, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code on the victim's machine. This issue has been patched via commit 6f25326.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2020-12008 
Baxter ExactaMix EM 2400 Versions 1.10, 1.11 and ExactaMix EM1200 Versions 1.1, 1.2 systems use cleartext messages to communicate order information with an order entry system. This could allow an attacker with network access to view sensitive data including PHI.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2024-10420 SourceCodester Attendance and Payroll System update.php upload unrestricted upload
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Attendance and Payroll System 1.0. This affects the function upload of the file /marimar/guest/update.php. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
CVE-2024-36260 Arkcompiler Ets Runtime has an out-of-bounds write vulnerability
in OpenHarmony v4.0.0 and prior versions allow a remote attacker arbitrary code execution in pre-installed apps through out-of-bounds write.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
CVE-2024-57483 
Tenda i24 V2.0.0.5 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the addWifiMacFilter function.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2022-50052 ASoC: Intel: avs: Fix potential buffer overflow by snprintf()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ASoC: Intel: avs: Fix potential buffer overflow by snprintf()

snprintf() returns the would-be-filled size when the string overflows
the given buffer size, hence using this value may result in a buffer
overflow (although it's unrealistic).

This patch replaces it with a safer version, scnprintf() for papering
over such a potential issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2019-19699 
There is Authenticated remote code execution in Centreon Infrastructure Monitoring Software through 19.10 via Pollers misconfiguration, leading to system compromise via apache crontab misconfiguration, This allows the apache user to modify an executable file executed by root at 22:30 every day. To exploit the vulnerability, someone must have Admin access to the Centreon Web Interface and create a custom main.php?p=60803&type=3 command. The user must then set the Pollers Post-Restart Command to this previously created command via the main.php?p=60901&o=c&server_id=1 URI. This is triggered via an export of the Poller Configuration.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
CVE-2025-54017 WordPress Paid Member Subscriptions <= 2.15.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cozmoslabs Paid Member Subscriptions paid-member-subscriptions allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Paid Member Subscriptions: from n/a through <= 2.15.4.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2023-28214 
A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.3. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-c5xv-qc8p-mh2v Apache Batik Server-Side Request Forgery
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Batik of Apache XML Graphics allows an attacker to load a url thru the jar protocol. This issue affects Apache XML Graphics Batik 1.14.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
GHSA-ph58-3qm4-jpww 
The Import any XML or CSV File to WordPress plugin before 3.6.8 accepts all zip files and automatically extracts the zip file without validating the extracted file type. Allowing high privilege users such as admin to upload an arbitrary file like PHP, leading to RCE
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
GHSA-86mj-x9g2-c7rh 
Array index error in the dahdi/tor2.c driver in Zaptel (aka DAHDI) 1.4.11 and earlier allows local users in the dialout group to overwrite an integer value in kernel memory by writing to /dev/zap/ctl, related to an incorrect tor2 patch for CVE-2008-5396 that uses the wrong variable in a range check against the value of lc->sync.
CVE-2026-60665 
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM Global Payroll Switzerland product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Global Payroll for Switzerland).   The supported version that is affected is 9.2. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM Global Payroll Switzerland.  While the vulnerability is in PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM Global Payroll Switzerland, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change).  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM Global Payroll Switzerland accessible data as well as  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM Global Payroll Switzerland accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
GHSA-49cf-jv8p-hqj3 
Improper verification of intent by broadcast receiver in Settings prior to SMR Mar-2026 Release 1 allows local attacker to launch arbitrary activity with Settings privilege. User interaction is required for triggering this vulnerability.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 5
RHSA-2018:1675 Red Hat Security Advisory: vdsm security update
hw: cpu: speculative store bypass
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.6
CVE-2016-0789 
CRLF injection vulnerability in the CLI command documentation in Jenkins before 1.650 and LTS before 1.642.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-m398-vv9j-2r7f 
A Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability in the parsec package of openSUSE Factory allows local attackers to imitate the service leading to DoS or clients talking to an imposter service. This issue affects: openSUSE Factory parsec versions prior to 0.8.1-1.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.4
CVE-2025-24483 
NULL pointer dereference vulnerability exists in Defense Platform Home Edition Ver.3.9.51.x and earlier. If an attacker provides specially crafted data to the specific process of the Windows system where the product is running, the system may cause a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD), and as a result, cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
CVE-2010-2529 
Unspecified vulnerability in ping.c in iputils 20020927, 20070202, 20071127, and 20100214 on Mandriva Linux allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (hang) via a crafted echo response.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-5668-fxhq-h7v2 
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient boundary restrictions on user-supplied input to scripts in the web-based management interface. An attacker with administrative privileges that are sufficient to log in to the web-based management interface could exploit each vulnerability by sending crafted requests that contain overly large values to an affected device, causing a stack overflow. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to crash or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the underlying operating system.
RHSA-2024:3058 Red Hat Security Advisory: mutt security update
mutt: null pointer dereference mutt: null pointer dereference
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.7
GHSA-4xvf-3477-vq63 
SQL injection vulnerability found in Piwigo v.13.5.0 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the filter_user_id parameter to the admin.php?page=history&filter_image_id=&filter_user_id endpoint.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2024-30302 ZDI-CAN-23077: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC AcroForm Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Acrobat Reader versions 20.005.30539, 23.008.20470 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-29cq-5w36-x7w3 Livewire is vulnerable to remote command execution during component property update hydration
ImpactIn Livewire v3 (≤ 3.6.3), a vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote command execution in specific scenarios. The issue stems from how certain component property updates are hydrated. This vulnerability is unique to Livewire v3 and does not affect prior major versions. Exploitation requires a component to be mounted and configured in a particular way, but does not require authentication or user interaction.PatchesThis issue has been patched in Livewire v3.6.4. All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade to this version or later as soon as possible.WorkaroundsThere is no known workaround at this time. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version immediately.ResourcesNo public references available at this time to avoid exposure. Details will be published after a responsible disclosure window.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.2
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2024-13663 Coaching Staffs <= 1.5.1 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting
The Coaching Staffs plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's 'mstw-cs-table' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.1 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2014-5355 
MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) through 1.13.1 incorrectly expects that a krb5_read_message data field is represented as a string ending with a '\0' character, which allows remote attackers to (1) cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a zero-byte version string or (2) cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) by omitting the '\0' character, related to appl/user_user/server.c and lib/krb5/krb/recvauth.c.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-8mrj-hp45-r838 
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 12.1.3, macOS Mojave 10.14.3, tvOS 12.1.2. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
GHSA-3r5j-phw6-cxph 
Rukovoditel v3.2.1 was discovered to contain a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Highlight Row feature at /index.php?module=entities/listing_types&entities_id=24. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload injected into the Note field after clicking "Add".
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
GHSA-fxfw-fpvf-77hw 
The newEntry function in ptserver/ptprocs.c in OpenAFS before 1.6.17 allows remote authenticated users from foreign Kerberos realms to bypass intended access restrictions and create arbitrary groups as administrators by leveraging mishandling of the creator ID.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
GHSA-r4rj-qf4g-q99w 
The Contact Form and Calls To Action by vcita plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 2.6.4. This is due to missing nonce validation in the vcita-callback.php file. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin's settings and inject malicious JavaScript via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVE-2024-25351 
SQL Injection vulnerability in /zms/admin/changeimage.php in PHPGurukul Zoo Management System 1.0 allows attackers to run arbitrary SQL commands via the editid parameter.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.8
CVE-2024-23783 
Improper authentication vulnerability in Energy Management Controller with Cloud Services JH-RVB1 /JH-RV11 Ver.B0.1.9.1 and earlier allows a network-adjacent unauthenticated attacker to access the affected product without authentication.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-qcxq-jx6f-4q2q 
Acrobat Reader versions 2020.012.20048 (and earlier), 2020.001.30005 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30175 (and earlier) are affected by an input validation vulnerability when decoding a crafted codec that could result in the disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
GHSA-c6vf-v2c4-qvvh 
The package s-cart/core before 4.4 are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) via the admin panel.
CVE-2021-44335 
David Brackeen ok-file-formats 203defd is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. When the function of the ok-file-formats project is used, a heap-buffer-overflow occurs in function ok_png_transform_scanline() in "/ok_png.c:533".
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2023-48206 
A Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in GaatiTrack Courier Management System 1.0 allows a remote attacker to inject JavaScript via the page parameter to login.php or header.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
GHSA-rjcc-j4fm-c59m 
Buffer overflow in the get function in get.c for Yanf 0.4 allows remote malicious web servers to execute arbitrary code via crafted HTTP responses.
CVE-2009-4335 
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in bundled stored procedures in the Spatial Extender component in IBM DB2 9.5 before FP5 have unknown impact and remote attack vectors, related to "remote exploits."
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
CVE-2026-31477 ksmbd: fix memory leaks and NULL deref in smb2_lock()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ksmbd: fix memory leaks and NULL deref in smb2_lock()

smb2_lock() has three error handling issues after list_del() detaches
smb_lock from lock_list at no_check_cl:

1) If vfs_lock_file() returns an unexpected error in the non-UNLOCK
   path, goto out leaks smb_lock and its flock because the out:
   handler only iterates lock_list and rollback_list, neither of
   which contains the detached smb_lock.

2) If vfs_lock_file() returns -ENOENT in the UNLOCK path, goto out
   leaks smb_lock and flock for the same reason.  The error code
   returned to the dispatcher is also stale.

3) In the rollback path, smb_flock_init() can return NULL on
   allocation failure.  The result is dereferenced unconditionally,
   causing a kernel NULL pointer dereference.  Add a NULL check to
   prevent the crash and clean up the bookkeeping; the VFS lock
   itself cannot be rolled back without the allocation and will be
   released at file or connection teardown.

Fix cases 1 and 2 by hoisting the locks_free_lock()/kfree() to before
the if(!rc) check in the UNLOCK branch so all exit paths share one
free site, and by freeing smb_lock and flock before goto out in the
non-UNLOCK branch.  Propagate the correct error code in both cases.
Fix case 3 by wrapping the VFS unlock in an if(rlock) guard and adding
a NULL check for locks_free_lock(rlock) in the shared cleanup.

Found via call-graph analysis using sqry.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2003-0882 
Mac OS X before 10.3 initializes the TCP timestamp with a constant number, which allows remote attackers to determine the system's uptime via the ID field in a TCP packet.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2016-1280 
PKId in Juniper Junos OS before 12.1X44-D52, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D37, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D30, 12.3 before 12.3R12, 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D20, 13.3 before 13.3R10, 14.1 before 14.1R8, 14.1X53 before 14.1X53-D40, 14.2 before 14.2R7, 15.1 before 15.1R4, 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D20, 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D60, and 16.1 before 16.1R1 allow remote attackers to bypass an intended certificate validation mechanism via a self-signed certificate with an Issuer name that matches a valid CA certificate enrolled in Junos.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.4
CVE-2025-40029 bus: fsl-mc: Check return value of platform_get_resource()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bus: fsl-mc: Check return value of platform_get_resource()

platform_get_resource() returns NULL in case of failure, so check its
return value and propagate the error in order to prevent NULL pointer
dereference.
GHSA-fjjm-8r2x-qmqx 
Safari 1.x to 1.2.4, and possibly other versions, allows inactive windows to launch dialog boxes, which can allow remote attackers to spoof the dialog boxes from web sites in other windows, aka the "Dialog Box Spoofing Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2004-1314.