GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr free5GC's SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating
Summaryfree5GC's SMF mounts the `UPI` management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware (same root cause as the broader UPI auth gap reported in free5gc/free5gc#887). On top of that, the `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef}` handler unconditionally dereferences `upNode.UPF` after the type-guarded async release, even though `AN`-typed nodes are constructed without a `UPF` object. As a result, a single unauthenticated `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry.DetailsValidated against the SMF container in the official Docker compose lab.Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`Running Docker image: `free5gc/smf:v4.2.1`Runtime SMF commit: `8385c00a`Docker validation date: 2026-03-22 local (container log timestamp `2026-03-21T23:43:17Z`)SMF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.6:8000`Control comparison on the same SMF instance:`GET /nsmf-oam/v1/` (no token) -> `401 Unauthorized``DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` (no token) -> `500 Internal Server Error` (panic)The sibling `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves OAuth middleware IS wired in for other SMF route groups; the UPI group specifically is mounted without it.Vulnerable handler logic (paths in `free5gc/smf`):The `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only protects the asynchronous `ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF` call. After that, `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` runs unconditionally (so the topology mutation lands first), and then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` is called unconditionally on a `*UPF` that is `nil` for `AN` nodes by construction.Code evidence:UPI group mounted WITHOUT auth middleware:`NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:76``NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:78`Protected control comparison (other SMF groups DO use auth):`NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:99``NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:105`Delete handler (panic site):`NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94``NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99`AN nodes are constructed without a UPF object (root cause of the nil deref):`NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:95``NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:97`PoCReproduced end-to-end against the running SMF at `http://10.100.200.6:8000`.Control: protected sibling OAM route returns `401`:Trigger: unauthenticated DELETE on the default AN node `gNB1`:SMF container logs (`docker logs --tail 120 smf`) show topology mutation landing BEFORE the panic, and the panic stack pointing at `api_upi.go:99`:The lab state was manually restored after validation by re-creating the AN entry; that POST is restoration-only and is NOT a mitigation.ImpactThree compounding defects on the same SMF SBI surface:Missing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the `UPI` route group, so the trigger is reachable to any off-path network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI -- no token, no session, no UE state needed. The same-instance `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves the middleware is wired in elsewhere and only missing on UPI.NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) in `DeleteUpNodeLink`: the `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only covers the async release call, then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` runs unconditionally on AN-typed nodes that have a nil `UPF` field by construction.Order of operations (CWE-755 / CWE-754): `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` mutates the in-memory user-plane topology BEFORE the dereference panics, so the topology change lands even though the request returns 500. This makes the bug state-mutating, not just a plain panic.Any party that can reach SMF on the SBI can:Delete arbitrary named entries (e.g. `gNB1`) from SMF's in-memory user-plane topology anonymously via a single `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref}` request, denying SMF's ability to consider that AN/UPF in subsequent UPF selection / PFCP path establishment for legitimate UE sessions.Trigger a panic on the SMF goroutine for the deleted-AN case, even though Gin recovers the goroutine, leaving the topology in the mutated state above.Repeat the trigger by name against any AN entry, sustaining the topology denial without ever authenticating.This is a strict superset of the impact in free5gc/free5gc#887 for this specific code path: same auth bypass, plus a concrete request-triggerable nil deref, plus state mutation that survives the panic.Affected: free5gc v4.2.1.Upstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905
Upstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2