CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
GHSA-w27r-hww7-6vv2 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:io_uring: wait interruptibly for request completions on exitWHen the ring exits, cleanup is done and the final cancelation and
waiting on completions is done by io_ring_exit_work. That function is
invoked by kworker, which doesn't take any signals. Because of that, it
doesn't really matter if we wait for completions in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
or TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE state. However, it does matter to the hung task
detection checker!Normally we expect cancelations and completions to happen rather
quickly. Some test cases, however, will exit the ring and park the
owning task stopped (eg via SIGSTOP). If the owning task needs to run
task_work to complete requests, then io_ring_exit_work won't make any
progress until the task is runnable again. Hence io_ring_exit_work can
trigger the hung task detection, which is particularly problematic if
panic-on-hung-task is enabled.As the ring exit doesn't take signals to begin with, have it wait
interruptibly rather than uninterruptibly. io_uring has a separate
stuck-exit warning that triggers independently anyway, so we're not
really missing anything by making this switch.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-j99f-3mvg-4m4r 
A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.12.4 for Windows. An application may be able to delete files for which it does not have permission.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
RHSA-2026:0668 Red Hat Security Advisory: net-snmp security update
net-snmp: buffer overflow via a specially crafted packet can cause a crash in snmptrapd
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-3jfq-h25g-xqjx 
Tenda AX3 firmware v16.03.12.11 contains a stack overflow in formSetIptv via the vlanId parameter, which can cause memory corruption and enable remote code execution.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-rf6f-2cp5-q8fj 
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formOneKeyAccessButton of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.4
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-fvph-hq46-669j 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in LAN SUITE Web Mail 602Pro allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary script or HTML as other users via a URL to index.html, followed by a / (slash) and the desired script.  NOTE: the vendor states that this bug could not be reproduced, so this issue may be REJECTed in the future.
CVE-2020-8507 
The Citytv Video application 4.08.0 for Android and 3.35 for iOS sends Unencrypted Analytics.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2024-31444 Cacti XSS vulnerability in lib/html.php by reading dirty data stored in database
Cacti provides an operational monitoring and fault management framework. Prior to version 1.2.27, some of the data stored in `automation_tree_rules_form_save()` function in `automation_tree_rules.php` is not thoroughly checked and is used to concatenate the HTML statement in `form_confirm()` function from `lib/html.php` , finally resulting in cross-site scripting. Version 1.2.27 contains a patch for the issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.6
GHSA-7645-fj87-x9w4 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:smb/server: fix possible refcount leak in smb2_sess_setup()Reference count of ksmbd_session will leak when session need reconnect.
Fix this by adding the missing ksmbd_user_session_put().
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-vcp7-xxjg-2gwg 
The jNews (com_jnews) component 7.5.1 for Joomla! allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via the emailsearch parameter, which reveals the installation path in an error message.
CVE-2018-1000075 
RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a infinite loop caused by negative size vulnerability in ruby gem package tar header that can result in a negative size could cause an infinite loop.. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2017-3896 
Unvalidated parameter vulnerability in the remote log viewing capability in Intel Security McAfee Agent 5.0.x versions prior to 5.0.4.449 allows remote attackers to pass unexpected input parameters via a URL that was not completely validated.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.9
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-qcv3-8g55-mq8f 
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7
CVE-2020-25854 
The function DecWPA2KeyData() in the Realtek RTL8195A Wi-Fi Module prior to versions released in April 2020 (up to and excluding 2.08) does not validate the size parameter for an internal function, rt_arc4_crypt_veneer() or _AES_UnWRAP_veneer(), resulting in a stack buffer overflow which can be exploited for remote code execution or denial of service. An attacker can impersonate an Access Point and attack a vulnerable Wi-Fi client, by injecting a crafted packet into the WPA2 handshake. The attacker needs to know the network's PSK in order to exploit this.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-vfxj-qg93-7wwc Mautic Sessions could be hijacked due to tracking contacts by an auto-incremented ID
ImpactAn issue was discovered in Mautic 1.x and 2.x before 2.13.0. It is possible to systematically emulate tracking cookies per contact due to tracking the contact by their auto-incremented ID. Thus, a third party can manipulate the cookie value with +1 to systematically assume being tracked as each contact in Mautic. It is then possible to retrieve information about the contact through forms that have progressive profiling enabled.PatchesUpdate to 2.13.0 or laterWorkaroundsNoneFor more informationIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:Email us at [security@mautic.org](mailto:security@mautic.org)
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-x65c-jcc2-69r6 
Mesa, as used in Google Chrome before 21.0.1183.0 on the Acer AC700, Cr-48, and Samsung Series 5 and 5 550 Chromebook platforms, and the Samsung Chromebox Series 3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors that trigger an "array overflow."
CVE-2025-15495 BiggiDroid Simple PHP CMS editsite.php unrestricted upload
A vulnerability was found in BiggiDroid Simple PHP CMS 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /admin/editsite.php. The manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.1
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.7
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.7
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.8
CVE-2024-21599 Junos OS: MX Series: MPC3E memory leak with PTP configuration

A Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).

If an MX Series device receives PTP packets on an MPC3E that doesn't support PTP this causes a memory leak which will result in unpredictable behavior and ultimately in an MPC crash and restart.

To monitor for this issue, please use the following FPC vty level commands:

show heap
shows an increase in "LAN buffer" utilization and

show clksync ptp nbr-upd-info
shows non-zero "Pending PFEs" counter.

This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MPC3E:



  *  All versions earlier than 20.4R3-S3;
  *  21.1 versions earlier than 21.1R3-S4;
  *  21.2 versions earlier than 21.2R3;
  *  21.3 versions earlier than 21.3R2-S1, 21.3R3;
  *  21.4 versions earlier than 21.4R2;
  *  22.1 versions earlier than 22.1R2.







CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2026-53206 accel/ivpu: Add bounds check for firmware runtime memory
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

accel/ivpu: Add bounds check for firmware runtime memory

Validate that the firmware runtime memory specified in the image
header is properly aligned and sized to hold the firmware image.
This prevents errors during memory allocation and image transfer.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2025-34288 Nagios XI Privilege Escalation via Writable PHP Include Executed with Sudo
Nagios XI versions prior to 2026R1.1 are vulnerable to local privilege escalation due to an unsafe interaction between sudo permissions and application file permissions. A user‑accessible maintenance script may be executed as root via sudo and includes an application file that is writable by a lower‑privileged user. A local attacker with access to the application account can modify this file to introduce malicious code, which is then executed with elevated privileges when the script is run. Successful exploitation results in arbitrary code execution as the root user.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.6
CVE-2022-2287 Out-of-bounds Read in vim/vim
Out-of-bounds Read in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8
CVE-2023-44323 PDF Jbig2 memory-corruption Vulnerability - MSFT T5
Adobe Acrobat for Edge version 118.0.2088.46 (and earlier) is affected by a Use After Free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve an application denial-of-service in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2021-29480 Default client side session signing key is highly predictable
Ratpack is a toolkit for creating web applications. In versions prior to 1.9.0, the client side session module uses the application startup time as the signing key by default. This means that if an attacker can determine this time, and if encryption is not also used (which is recommended, but is not on by default), the session data could be tampered with by someone with the ability to write cookies. The default configuration is unsuitable for production use as an application restart renders all sessions invalid and is not multi-host compatible, but its use is not actively prevented. As of Ratpack 1.9.0, the default value is a securely randomly generated value, generated at application startup time. As a workaround, supply an alternative signing key, as per the documentation's recommendation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.4
GHSA-2r7q-8h3w-q3pc 
make_catalog_backup in Bacula 2.2.5, and probably earlier, sends a MySQL password as a command line argument, and sometimes transmits cleartext e-mail containing this command line, which allows context-dependent attackers to obtain the password by listing the process and its arguments, or by sniffing the network.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-j2g8-rpv4-4pqf 
Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Security: Roles). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.19 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVE-2018-10683 
An issue was discovered in WildFly 10.1.2.Final. In the case of a default installation without a security realm reference, an attacker can successfully access the server without authentication. NOTE: the Security Realms documentation in the product's Admin Guide indicates that "without a security realm reference" implies "effectively unsecured." The vendor explicitly supports these unsecured configurations because they have valid use cases during development
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-fjwp-9m9r-9pw2 
ImageIO in Apple iOS before 9.3.3, OS X before 10.11.6, tvOS before 9.2.2, and watchOS before 2.2.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted TIFF file.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVE-2015-3256 
PolicyKit (aka polkit) before 0.113 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and polkitd daemon crash) and possibly gain privileges via unspecified vectors, related to "javascript rule evaluation."
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.6
CVE-2014-1327 
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.1.4 and 7.x before 7.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2014-05-21-1.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2019-1003024 
A sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in Jenkins Script Security Plugin 1.52 and earlier in RejectASTTransformsCustomizer.java that allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to provide a Groovy script to an HTTP endpoint that can result in arbitrary code execution on the Jenkins master JVM.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
CVE-2019-20749 
Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by stored XSS. This affects D7800 before 1.0.1.47, EX6100v2 before 1.0.1.76, EX6150v2 before 1.0.1.76, R7500v2 before 1.0.3.38, R7800 before 1.0.2.52, R8900 before 1.0.4.12, R9000 before 1.0.4.12, WN2000RPTv3 before 1.0.1.32, WN3000RPv3 before 1.0.2.70, and WN3100RPv2 before 1.0.0.66.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.8
GHSA-2jw8-6fx5-rgrf 
Google Chrome before 19.0.1084.52 on Linux does not properly perform a cast of an unspecified variable, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unknown other impact by leveraging an error in the GTK implementation of the UI.
GHSA-7qq5-6v62-r8cg 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking component in Oracle Financial Services Applications 11.3.0, 11.4.0, and 12.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to INFRA.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-h93x-p3vc-8fx7 
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Sky Software FileView ActiveX control, as used in WinZip 10 before build 7245 and in certain other applications, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long FilePattern attribute in a WZFILEVIEW object, a different vulnerability than CVE-2006-5198.
CVE-2017-16582 
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.2.25013. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the clearItems XFA method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a type confusion condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5288.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-ch4c-87rp-4jfj 
CVE-2026-33448 is a format string vulnerability in the logging subsystem
 of Secure Access client for MacOS prior to 14.50. Attackers with 
control of a modified server can force the client to dump the contents 
of a small portion of memory to the log files potentially revealing 
secrets.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.3
CVE-2026-0143 
In lwis_device_external_event_emit of lwis_event.c, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-4pmv-cr3m-c6qv 
Advantech WebAccess/SCADA, Versions 8.3.5 and prior. An improper access control vulnerability may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-q2v3-cp8c-hg2h 
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.1 is affected. Safari before 11.0.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.1 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.1 on Windows is affected. tvOS before 11.1 is affected. The issue involves the "WebKit" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVE-2023-22363 Access Zone stack overflow

A stack-based buffer overflow in the Command Centre Server allows an attacker to cause a denial of service attack via assigning cardholders to an Access Group.

This issue affects Command Centre: vEL8.80 prior to vEL8.80.1192 (MR2)


CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-2vxr-xm37-7x29 
D-Bus 1.3.0 through 1.6.x before 1.6.26, 1.8.x before 1.8.10, and 1.9.x before 1.9.2 allows local users to cause a denial of service (prevention of new connections and connection drop) by queuing the maximum number of file descriptors.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-3636.1.
CVE-2025-23425 WordPress Marekkis Watermark plugin <= 0.9.4 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in marekki Marekkis Watermark marekkis-watermark allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Marekkis Watermark: from n/a through <= 0.9.4.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVE-2025-3650 jQuery Colorbox <= 4.6.3 - Contributor+ Stored XSS
The jQuery Colorbox WordPress plugin through 4.6.3 uses the colorbox library, which does not sanitize title attributes on links before using them, allowing users with at least the contributor role to conduct XSS attacks against administrators.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.5
CVE-2014-4199 
vm-support 0.88 in VMware Tools, as distributed with VMware Workstation through 10.0.3 and other products, allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a file in /tmp.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.3
GHSA-fcjq-9fhq-v247 
There is a broken access control vulnerability in the Maarch RM 2.8.3 solution. When accessing some specific document (pdf, email) from an archive, a preview is proposed by the application. This preview generates a URL including an md5 hash of the file accessed. The document's URL (https://{url}/tmp/{MD5 hash of the document}) is then accessible without authentication.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2024-43654 Authenticated command injection in the <redacted> action leads to full remote code execution as root on the charging station
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Iocharger  firmware for AC models allows OS Command Injection as root
This issue affects all Iocharger AC EV charger models on a firmware version before 25010801.

Likelihood: Moderate – The <redacted> binary does not seem to be used by the web interface, so it might be more difficult to find. It seems to be largely the same binary as used by the Iocharger Pedestal charging station, however. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete
files and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.3
CVE-2022-48967 NFC: nci: Bounds check struct nfc_target arrays
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

NFC: nci: Bounds check struct nfc_target arrays

While running under CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE=y, syzkaller reported:

  memcpy: detected field-spanning write (size 129) of single field "target->sensf_res" at net/nfc/nci/ntf.c:260 (size 18)

This appears to be a legitimate lack of bounds checking in
nci_add_new_protocol(). Add the missing checks.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-j56h-5488-m369 
An issue was discovered in XiaoCms 20141229. admin\controller\database.php allows arbitrary directory deletion via admin/index.php?c=database&a=import&paths[]=../ directory traversal.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.9
GHSA-3mmx-gfx4-6h3r 
The (1) red_channel_pipes_add_type and (2) red_channel_pipes_add_empty_msg functions in server/red_channel.c in SPICE before 0.12.4 do not properly perform ring loops, which might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (reachable assertion and server exit) by triggering a network error.
CVE-2024-37350 Cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Absolute Secure Access administrative console prior to 13.06
There is a cross-site scripting vulnerability in the policy
management UI of Absolute Secure Access prior to version 13.06. Attackers can
interfere with a system administrator’s use of the policy management UI when
the attacker convinces the victim administrator to follow a crafted link to the
vulnerable component while the attacking administrator is authenticated to the
console. The scope is unchanged, there is no loss of confidentiality. Impact to
system integrity is high, impact to system availability is none.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
RHSA-2025:11662 Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform (Jaeger) 3.5.1 release
glib2: Signal subscription vulnerabilities glib: buffer overflow in set_connect_msg() glib: Buffer Underflow on GLib through glib/gstring.c via function g_string_insert_unichar
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.8
CVE-2007-1985 
Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in phpexplorator.php in phpexplorator 2.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) cmd or (2) lang_path parameter.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-6jrf-rcjf-245r changedetection.io path traversal using file URI scheme without supplying hostname
SummaryThe validation for the file URI scheme falls short, and results in an attacker being able to read any file on the system. This issue only affects instances with a webdriver enabled, and `ALLOW_FILE_URI` false or not defined.DetailsThe check used for URL protocol, `is_safe_url`, allows `file:` as a URL scheme:https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io/blob/e0abf0b50507a8a3d0c1d8522ab23519b3e4cdf4/changedetectionio/model/Watch.py#L11-L13It later checks if local files are permitted, but one of the preconditions for the check is that the URL starts with `file://`. The issue comes with the fact that the file URI scheme is not required to have double slashes.A valid file URI must therefore begin with either `file:/path` (no hostname), `file:///path` (empty hostname), or `file://hostname/path`.
— [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_URI_scheme#Number_of_slash_characters)https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io/blob/e0abf0b50507a8a3d0c1d8522ab23519b3e4cdf4/changedetectionio/processors/__init__.py#L37-L41PoCOpen up a changedetection.io instance with a webdriver configuredCreate a new watch: `file:/etc/passwd` or a similar path for your operating system. Enable webdriver modeWait for it to be checkedOpen previewNotice contents of the file
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.7
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.6
GHSA-3mwp-gjqm-h3xp 
An issue was discovered in Bento4 1.5.1.0. There is a NULL pointer dereference in AP4_Descriptor::GetTag in mp42ts when called from AP4_EsDescriptor::GetDecoderConfigDescriptor in Ap4EsDescriptor.cpp.
GHSA-pmh9-v5qm-xh48 
Cesanta MJS v2.20.0 was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.4+0xaff53.
CVE-2021-39945 
Improper access control in the GitLab CE/EE API affecting all versions starting from 9.4 before 14.3.6, all versions starting from 14.4 before 14.4.4, all versions starting from 14.5 before 14.5.2, allows an author of a Merge Request to approve the Merge Request even after having their project access revoked
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.7
CVE-2024-57994 ptr_ring: do not block hard interrupts in ptr_ring_resize_multiple()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ptr_ring: do not block hard interrupts in ptr_ring_resize_multiple()

Jakub added a lockdep_assert_no_hardirq() check in __page_pool_put_page()
to increase test coverage.

syzbot found a splat caused by hard irq blocking in
ptr_ring_resize_multiple() [1]

As current users of ptr_ring_resize_multiple() do not require
hard irqs being masked, replace it to only block BH.

Rename helpers to better reflect they are safe against BH only.

- ptr_ring_resize_multiple() to ptr_ring_resize_multiple_bh()
- skb_array_resize_multiple() to skb_array_resize_multiple_bh()

[1]

WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 9150 at net/core/page_pool.c:709 __page_pool_put_page net/core/page_pool.c:709 [inline]
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 9150 at net/core/page_pool.c:709 page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x157/0xa40 net/core/page_pool.c:780
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 9150 Comm: syz.1.1052 Not tainted 6.11.0-rc3-syzkaller-00202-gf8669d7b5f5d #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 08/06/2024
RIP: 0010:__page_pool_put_page net/core/page_pool.c:709 [inline]
RIP: 0010:page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x157/0xa40 net/core/page_pool.c:780
Code: 74 0e e8 7c aa fb f7 eb 43 e8 75 aa fb f7 eb 3c 65 8b 1d 38 a8 6a 76 31 ff 89 de e8 a3 ae fb f7 85 db 74 0b e8 5a aa fb f7 90 <0f> 0b 90 eb 1d 65 8b 1d 15 a8 6a 76 31 ff 89 de e8 84 ae fb f7 85
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000bda6b58 EFLAGS: 00010083
RAX: ffffffff8997e523 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000040000
RDX: ffffc9000fbd0000 RSI: 0000000000001842 RDI: 0000000000001843
RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffffffff8997df2c R09: 1ffffd40003a000d
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff940003a000e R12: ffffea0001d00040
R13: ffff88802e8a4000 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: 00000000ffffffff
FS:  00007fb7aaf716c0(0000) GS:ffff8880b9300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007fa15a0d4b72 CR3: 00000000561b0000 CR4: 00000000003506f0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 tun_ptr_free drivers/net/tun.c:617 [inline]
 __ptr_ring_swap_queue include/linux/ptr_ring.h:571 [inline]
 ptr_ring_resize_multiple_noprof include/linux/ptr_ring.h:643 [inline]
 tun_queue_resize drivers/net/tun.c:3694 [inline]
 tun_device_event+0xaaf/0x1080 drivers/net/tun.c:3714
 notifier_call_chain+0x19f/0x3e0 kernel/notifier.c:93
 call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:2032 [inline]
 call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:2046 [inline]
 dev_change_tx_queue_len+0x158/0x2a0 net/core/dev.c:9024
 do_setlink+0xff6/0x41f0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:2923
 rtnl_setlink+0x40d/0x5a0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3201
 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x73f/0xcf0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6647
 netlink_rcv_skb+0x1e3/0x430 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2025-67480 list=allrevisions can be used to bypass Extension:Lockdown
Vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation MediaWiki. This vulnerability is associated with program files includes/Api/ApiQueryRevisionsBase.Php.

This issue affects MediaWiki: from * before 1.39.16, 1.43.6, 1.44.3, 1.45.1.
CVSS v4.0 score: 0
CVE-2016-2827 
The mozilla::net::IsValidReferrerPolicy function in Mozilla Firefox before 49.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a Content Security Policy (CSP) referrer directive with zero values.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
CVE-2023-2516 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in nilsteampassnet/teampass
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in GitHub repository nilsteampassnet/teampass prior to 3.0.7.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.4
CVE-2019-5007 
An issue was discovered in Foxit Reader and PhantomPDF before 9.4 on Windows. It is an Out-of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure and crash due to a NULL pointer dereference when reading TIFF data during TIFF parsing.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.8
CVE-2024-1056 Funnel Kit Funnel Builder PRO <= 3.4.5 Authenticated(Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via allow_iframe_tag_in_post
The FunnelKit Funnel Builder Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'allow_iframe_tag_in_post' function which uses the 'wp_kses_allowed_html' filter to globally allow script and iframe tags in posts in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-q53q-6g4m-g9hw 
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.1, Security Update 2019-001, and Security Update 2019-006, macOS Catalina 10.15, iOS 13. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges.
CVE-2019-12345 
XSS exists in the Kiboko Hostel plugin before 1.1.4 for WordPress.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-47vg-483w-hp3m Improper user session handling in filegator
FileGator prior to version 7.8.0 is vulnerable to session fixation.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-89vx-m8mc-p558 
An application "com.pri.applock", which is pre-loaded on Kruger&Matz smartphones, allows a user to encrypt any application using user-provided PIN code or by using biometric data.
Exposed ”com.pri.applock.LockUI“ activity allows any other malicious application, with no granted Android system permissions, to inject an arbitrary intent with system-level privileges to a protected application. One must know the protecting PIN number (it might be revealed by exploiting CVE-2024-13916) or ask the user to provide it.Vendor did not provide information about vulnerable versions.
Only version (version name: 13, version code: 33) was tested and confirmed to have this vulnerability
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.3
CVE-2023-0323 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in pimcore/pimcore
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in GitHub repository pimcore/pimcore prior to 10.5.14.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVE-2023-46761 
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the kernel driver module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause process exceptions.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2019-10163 
A Vulnerability has been found in PowerDNS Authoritative Server before versions 4.1.9, 4.0.8 allowing a remote, authorized master server to cause a high CPU load or even prevent any further updates to any slave zone by sending a large number of NOTIFY messages. Note that only servers configured as slaves are affected by this issue.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.5
CVE-2025-11909 Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus RepairRecord.do queryLast sql injection
A weakness has been identified in Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus 1.3.40. The impacted element is the function queryLast of the file /RepairRecord.do?Action=QueryLast. Executing manipulation of the argument orderField can lead to sql injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
CVE-2014-4167 
The L3-agent in OpenStack Neutron before 2013.2.4, 2014.x before 2014.1.2, and Juno before Juno-2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (IPv4 address attachment outage) by attaching an IPv6 private subnet to a L3 router.
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.5
CVE-2026-65594 n8n before 2.30.1 Missing OAuth Authorization Check
n8n before 2.29.8 and 2.30.x before 2.30.1 (affected from 2.27.0, when the OAuth 2.1 consent and token-issuance flow was introduced) does not verify that the authenticated user has access to the workflow referenced as the OAuth resource. On instances with at least one active MCP Server Trigger workflow configured with n8n OAuth2 authentication, a member-level user can register an OAuth client, self-approve consent for another user's workflow, and obtain a valid token. The workflow then runs in the owner's project context with the owner's stored credentials, and the attacker can set tool inputs and read outputs (potentially including data from the owner's connected integrations), breaking user and project isolation.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.1
GHSA-2559-m273-3qpf 
An information disclosure vulnerability in rConfig 3.9.5 has been fixed for version 3.9.6. This vulnerability allowed remote authenticated attackers to read files on the system via a crafted request sent to to the /lib/crud/configcompare.crud.php script.
CVE-2022-2258 
In affected versions of Octopus Deploy it is possible for a user to view Tagsets without being explicitly assigned permissions to view these items
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
GHSA-p88q-qx6q-mhv3 
The sqlite3VdbeExec function in vdbe.c in SQLite before 3.8.9 does not properly implement comparison operators, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid free operation) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted CHECK clause, as demonstrated by CHECK(0&O>O) in a CREATE TABLE statement.
CVE-2025-57665 
Element Plus Link component (el-link) through 2.10.6 implements insufficient input validation for the href attribute, creating a security abstraction gap that obscures URL-based attack vectors. The component passes user-controlled href values directly to underlying anchor elements without protocol validation, URL sanitization, or security headers. This allows attackers to inject malicious URLs using dangerous protocols (javascript:, data:, file:) or redirect users to external malicious sites. While native HTML anchor elements present similar risks, UI component libraries bear additional responsibility for implementing security safeguards and providing clear risk documentation. The vulnerability enables XSS attacks, phishing campaigns, and open redirect exploits affecting applications that use Element Plus Link components with user-controlled or untrusted URL inputs.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2023-51889 
Stack Overflow vulnerability in the validate() function in Mathtex v.1.05 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via crafted string in the application URL.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2009-4246 
Stack-based buffer overflow in RealNetworks RealPlayer 10, RealPlayer 10.5 6.0.12.1040 through 6.0.12.1741, RealPlayer 11 11.0.0 through 11.0.4, RealPlayer Enterprise, Mac RealPlayer 10 and 10.1, Linux RealPlayer 10, and Helix Player 10.x allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a malformed .RJS skin file that contains a web.xmb file with crafted length values.
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
CVE-2026-27274 Substance3D - Stager | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Stager versions 3.1.7 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2019-20184 
KeePass 2.4.1 allows CSV injection in the title field of a CSV export.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
PYSEC-2026-2487 
## Summary

`ChatWorkflow.chat(message)` passes its string argument directly as a Jinja2 template source to a non-sandboxed `Environment`. A developer who passes user input to this method enables full remote code execution via Jinja2 class traversal.

The method name `chat` and parameter name `message` naturally invite passing user input directly, but the string is silently parsed as a Jinja2 template, not treated as plain text.

## Root Cause

`libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/workflow.py` line ~261:
```python
def chat(self, message: str | Message | MessageTemplate, role: Role = "user") -> Self:
    if isinstance(message, str):
        message = MessageTemplate(role=role, content_template=message)
```

The string becomes `content_template`, which is parsed by `from_string()`:

`libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/templates/message.py` lines 14-15:
```python
def render(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Message:
    template = _inline_env.from_string(self.content_template)
    rendered_content = template.render(**kwargs)
```

The Jinja2 Environment is not sandboxed:

`libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/templates/environment.py` line 37:
```python
_inline_env = Environment(
    autoescape=False,
    # Not SandboxedEnvironment
)
```

## Proof of Concept

```python
from jinja2 import Environment
env = Environment()  # Same as giskard's _inline_env

# Class traversal reaches os.popen
t = env.from_string("{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__() | length }}")
print(t.render())  # 342 accessible subclasses

# Full RCE payload (subclass index varies by Python version)
# {{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[INDEX].__init__.__globals__['os'].popen('id').read() }}
```

A developer building a chatbot:
```python
workflow = ChatWorkflow(generator=my_llm)
workflow = workflow.chat(user_input)  # user_input parsed as Jinja2 template
result = await workflow.run()          # RCE if user_input contains {{ payload }}
```

Note: using `.with_inputs(var=user_data)` is safe because variable values are not parsed as templates. The issue is only when user strings are passed directly to `chat()`.

## Impact

Remote code execution on the server hosting any application built with giskard-agents that passes user input to `ChatWorkflow.chat()`. Attacker can execute system commands, read files, access environment variables.

Affects giskard-agents <=0.3.3 and 1.0.x alpha. Patched in giskard-agents 0.3.4 (stable) and 1.0.2b1 (pre-release).

# Mitigation

Update to 0.3.4 (or 1.0.2b1 for the pre-release branch) which includes the fix.

The fix replaces the unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment with `SandboxedEnvironment`, which blocks attribute access to dunder methods and prevents class traversal chains. `SandboxedEnvironment` blocks access to attributes starting with `_`, preventing the `__class__.__mro__` traversal chain.
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.7
CVE-2006-6982 
3proxy 0.5 to 0.5.2 does not offer NTLM authentication before basic authentication, which might cause browsers with incomplete RFC2616/RFC2617 support to use basic cleartext authentication even if NTLM is available, which makes it easier for attackers to steal credentials.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-54wp-4fgx-pxg4 
Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to cause an integer overflow and map two GPU virtual addresses to the same physical address. One of these virutal mappings can be freed along with the physical page, allowing for a read/write UAF via the second mappingThe second virtual mapping references a physical address that has been freed after the first virtual mapping has been freed. This allows the physical memory to be allocated (for example) by another process and read/written to.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-r86v-9f8q-7hgr 
FS Lynda Clone has XSS via the keywords parameter to tutorial/ or the edit_profile_first_name parameter to user/edit_profile.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.4
CVE-2003-0702 
Unknown vulnerability in an ISAPI plugin for ISS Server Sensor 7.0 XPU 20.16, 20.18, and possibly other versions before 20.19, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code in Internet Information Server (IIS) via a certain URL through SSL.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
PYSEC-2024-153 
Streamlit is a data oriented application development framework for python. Snowflake Streamlit open source addressed a security vulnerability via the static file sharing feature. Users of hosted Streamlit app(s) on Windows were vulnerable to a path traversal vulnerability when the static file sharing feature is enabled. An attacker could utilize the vulnerability to leak the password hash of the Windows user running Streamlit. The vulnerability was patched on Jul 25, 2024, as part of Streamlit open source version 1.37.0. The vulnerability only affects Windows.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-694j-p9xp-frcr 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in BBSXP 2008 SP2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the URI in a request to (1) AddPost.asp, (2) AddTopic.asp, (3) Admin_Default.asp, (4) Bank.asp, (5) Manage.asp, and (6) ShowPost.asp. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2026-32533 WordPress LatePoint plugin <= 5.2.6 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in LatePoint LatePoint latepoint allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects LatePoint: from n/a through <= 5.2.6.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-4gpm-6hmq-c6mr 
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5102, CVE-2015-5103, CVE-2015-5104, and CVE-2015-5115.
CVE-2009-3341 
Buffer overflow on the Linksys WRT54GL wireless router allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated by a certain module in VulnDisco Pack Professional 8.10 through 8.11.  NOTE: as of 20090917, this disclosure has no actionable information. However, because the VulnDisco Pack author is a reliable researcher, the issue is being assigned a CVE identifier for tracking purposes.
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
CVE-2010-5331 
In the Linux kernel before 2.6.34, a range check issue in drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/atombios.c could cause an off by one (buffer overflow) problem. NOTE: At least one Linux maintainer believes that this CVE is incorrectly assigned and should be rejected because the value is hard coded and are not user-controllable where it is used
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.6
CVE-2019-25651 Ubiquiti UniFi Devices Use of AES-CBC Allows Key Recovery and Unauthorized Device Control
Ubiquiti UniFi Network Controller prior to 5.10.12 (excluding 5.6.42), UAP FW prior to 4.0.6, UAP-AC, UAP-AC v2, and UAP-AC Outdoor FW prior to 3.8.17, USW FW prior to 4.0.6, USG FW prior to 4.4.34 uses AES-CBC encryption for device-to-controller communication, which contains cryptographic weaknesses that allow attackers to recover encryption keys from captured traffic. Attackers with adjacent network access can capture sufficient encrypted traffic and exploit AES-CBC mode vulnerabilities to derive the encryption keys, enabling unauthorized control and management of network devices.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.3
RHSA-2016:2598 Red Hat Security Advisory: php security and bug fix update
php: Improper error handling in bzread() gd: Integer overflow in _gd2GetHeader() resulting in heap overflow gd: Integer Overflow in gdImagePaletteToTrueColor() resulting in heap overflow php: Double free in _php_mb_regex_ereg_replace_exec
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.7
CVE-2011-1469 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Streams component in PHP before 5.3.6 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) by accessing an ftp:// URL during use of an HTTP proxy with the FTP wrapper.
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-q83m-pm48-7pw6 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ZOHO ManageEngine ADManager Plus before 6.2 Build 6270 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) technicianSearchText parameter to the Help Desk Technician page or (2) rolesSearchText parameter to the Help Desk Roles.
CVE-2016-7620 
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.12.2 is affected. The issue involves the "IOSurface" component. It allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
GHSA-g33w-wj38-m7jr 
NVIDIA Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a use-after-free. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, data tampering, and code execution.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-wcgh-r88m-cpg9 
SQL injection vulnerability in pages/login.php in FunGamez RC1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the login_user (aka username) parameter.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
GHSA-rccc-hqx9-mhjh 
Adobe Photoshop versions CC 2017 (18.0.1) and earlier, CC 2015.5.1 (17.0.1) and earlier have an unquoted search path vulnerability.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVE-2026-25530 Kanboard is missing authorization check in getSwimlane API allows cross-project data access
Kanboard is project management software focused on Kanban methodology. Prior to 1.2.50, the getSwimlane API method lacks project-level authorization, allowing authenticated users to access swimlane data from projects they cannot access. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.50.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
RHSA-2018:2394 Red Hat Security Advisory: kernel security update
Kernel: hw: cpu: L1 terminal fault (L1TF) hw: cpu: speculative store bypass Kernel: hw: cpu: L1 terminal fault (L1TF) kernel: kvm: vmx: host GDT limit corruption
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
GHSA-pvqr-8r46-rrwv 
/usr/sbin/Mail on SGI IRIX 3.3 and 3.3.1 does not properly set the group ID to the group ID of the user who started Mail, which allows local users to read the mail of other users.
GHSA-jwfv-vj48-p3xq 
Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 23.003.20244 (and earlier) and 20.005.30467 (and earlier) are affected by an Information Disclosure vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to obtain NTLMv2 credentials. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a maliciously crafted Microsoft Office file, or visit an attacker controlled web page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2010-1537 
Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in phpCDB 1.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the lang_global parameter to (1) firstvisit.php, (2) newfolder.php, (3) showfolders.php, (4) newlang.php, (5) showinnerfolder.php, (6) writecode.php, and (7) showcode.php.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-m2jp-mg23-fqpw 
Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in GraFX MiniCWB 2.3.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the LANG parameter to (1) en.inc.php, (2) hu.inc.php, (3) no.inc.php, (4) ro.inc.php, and (5) ru.inc.php in language/.
CVE-2024-10009 Website File Changes  < 2.1.0 - Admin+ Authenticated SQL Injection
The Melapress File Monitor WordPress plugin before 2.1.0 does not sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL statement, allowing admins to perform SQL injection attacks
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.1
GHSA-whjm-35vr-w8jj 
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.5. There is a use-after-free issue when hci_uart_register_dev() fails in hci_uart_set_proto() in drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7
GHSA-v28q-xv5m-jrxh 
A vulnerability in the elf::section::as_strtab function of Libelfin v0.3 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DOS) through a segmentation fault via a crafted ELF file.
GHSA-4v9q-9v9j-rwrc 
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phpaddicted IGIT Related Posts With Thumb Image After Posts allows Stored XSS. This issue affects IGIT Related Posts With Thumb Image After Posts: from n/a through 4.5.3.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5