CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2022-39151 
A vulnerability has been identified in Parasolid V33.1 (All versions < V33.1.262), Parasolid V33.1 (All versions >= V33.1.262 < V33.1.263), Parasolid V34.0 (All versions < V34.0.252), Parasolid V34.1 (All versions < V34.1.242), Parasolid V35.0 (All versions < V35.0.161), Parasolid V35.0 (All versions >= V35.0.161 < V35.0.164), Simcenter Femap V2022.1 (All versions < V2022.1.3), Simcenter Femap V2022.2 (All versions < V2022.2.2). The affected application contains an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated buffer while parsing specially crafted X_T files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-17736)
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2023-6118 Path Traversal in Neutron IP Camera
Path Traversal: '/../filedir' vulnerability in Neutron IP Camera allows Absolute Path Traversal.

This issue affects IP Camera: before b1130.1.0.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
PYSEC-2026-285 
### Summary
AstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by installing a malicious plugin.

### Details
 
AstrBot uses a [hard-coded JWT signing key](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/v3.5.16/astrbot/core/__init__.py), which allows attackers to bypass the authentication mechanism. Once bypassed, the attacker can install a Python plugin that will be imported [here](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/master/astrbot/dashboard/routes/plugin.py), enabling arbitrary command execution on the target host.

### Impact

All publicly accessible AstrBot instances are vulnerable.

For more information, please see: [CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE](https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE)
 
### Patch

This vulnerability was first reported on **2025-06-21** and was patched on the **same day** (2025-06-21).

The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on **2025-11-14**. Prior to public disclosure, monitoring from AstrBot Cloud indicated that fewer than 2% of deployed instances were still running the affected version. Therefore, this disclosure is not expected to have a significant impact on existing active instances.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2024-4478 Happy Addons for Elementor <= 3.10.7 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Image Stack Group Widget
The Happy Addons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the Image Stack Group widget in all versions up to, and including, 3.10.7 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied 'tooltip_position' attribute. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-ghq2-m3pq-qf3p Stored XSS in Jenkins CVS Plugin
Jenkins CVS Plugin 2.19 and earlier does not escape the name and description of CVS Symbolic Name parameters on views displaying parameters, resulting in a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exploitable by attackers with Item/Configure permission.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
GHSA-7q52-2j42-2p9r 
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tipray 厦门天锐科技股份有限公司 Data Leakage Prevention System 天锐数据泄露防护系统 1.0. The impacted element is the function findTenantPage of the file findTenantPage.do. The manipulation of the argument sort leads to sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.5
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
GHSA-g793-9qm5-f3q5 
A flaw was found in QEMU in the implementation of the Pointer Authentication (PAuth) support for ARM introduced in version 4.0 and fixed in version 5.0.0. A general failure of the signature generation process caused every PAuth-enforced pointer to be signed with the same signature. A local attacker could obtain the signature of a protected pointer and abuse this flaw to bypass PAuth protection for all programs running on QEMU.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-xvjp-2h38-99ph 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:drm/v3d: Fix out-of-bounds read in `v3d_csd_job_run()`When enabling UBSAN on Raspberry Pi 5, we get the following warning:[  387.894977] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in drivers/gpu/drm/v3d/v3d_sched.c:320:3
[  387.903868] index 7 is out of range for type '__u32 [7]'
[  387.909692] CPU: 0 PID: 1207 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        WC         6.10.3-v8-16k-numa #151
[  387.919166] Hardware name: Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.0 (DT)
[  387.925961] Workqueue: v3d_csd drm_sched_run_job_work [gpu_sched]
[  387.932525] Call trace:
[  387.935296]  dump_backtrace+0x170/0x1b8
[  387.939403]  show_stack+0x20/0x38
[  387.942907]  dump_stack_lvl+0x90/0xd0
[  387.946785]  dump_stack+0x18/0x28
[  387.950301]  __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0x98/0xd0
[  387.955383]  v3d_csd_job_run+0x3a8/0x438 [v3d]
[  387.960707]  drm_sched_run_job_work+0x520/0x6d0 [gpu_sched]
[  387.966862]  process_one_work+0x62c/0xb48
[  387.971296]  worker_thread+0x468/0x5b0
[  387.975317]  kthread+0x1c4/0x1e0
[  387.978818]  ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[  387.983014] ---[ end trace ]---This happens because the UAPI provides only seven configuration
registers and we are reading the eighth position of this u32 array.Therefore, fix the out-of-bounds read in `v3d_csd_job_run()` by
accessing only seven positions on the '__u32 [7]' array. The eighth
register exists indeed on V3D 7.1, but it isn't currently used. That
being so, let's guarantee that it remains unused and add a note that it
could be set in a future patch.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
GHSA-r8xv-6hx2-jxhm 
Jax Guestbook 3.1 and 3.31 stores sensitive information under the web root with insufficient access control, which allows remote attackers to obtain IP addresses of users via a direct request to (1) guestbook, (2) guestbook_ips2block, (3) ips2block, and (4) formmailer/logfile.csv.
CVE-2024-34733 
In DevmemXIntMapPages of devicemem_server.c, there is a possible arbitrary code execution due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege in the kernel with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.4
GHSA-3hxp-v5gh-hxgj 
3S-Smart CODESYS Gateway Server before 2.3.9.48 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and daemon crash) via a crafted (1) GET or (2) POST request.
GHSA-f2jp-gmm4-wp64 
A flaw was found in Red Hat AMQ Broker in a way that a XEE attack can be done via Broker's configuration files, leading to denial of service and information disclosure.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.6
GHSA-3277-j8fm-6chc 
A "memory calculation error" in Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer 2003 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a PowerPoint file with an invalid picture index that triggers memory corruption, aka "Memory Calculation Vulnerability."
GHSA-h65v-qccq-2h8p 
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in OTSCMS/OTSCMS.php in Open Tibia Server Content Management System (OTSCMS) 1.0.0 through 1.0.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GLOBALS[config][otscms][directories][includes] parameter.
CVE-2017-17807 
The KEYS subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.14.6 omitted an access-control check when adding a key to the current task's "default request-key keyring" via the request_key() system call, allowing a local user to use a sequence of crafted system calls to add keys to a keyring with only Search permission (not Write permission) to that keyring, related to construct_get_dest_keyring() in security/keys/request_key.c.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
GHSA-q59g-cpmp-p972 
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in CyberChimps Responsive Blocks allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Responsive Blocks: from n/a through 2.0.5.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2025-22429 
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to execute arbitrary code due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-743m-83p4-9349 
Yealink Device Management (DM) 3.6.0.20 allows command injection as root via the /sm/api/v1/firewall/zone/services URI, without authentication.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-h8jr-pqjw-48g2 
Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/formWifiWpsStart.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-7v7w-c97g-6mp4 
In multiple functions of multiple files, there is a possible way to make the device unusable due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12 Android-12L Android-13Android ID: A-268193777
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-94h5-f27v-4pc3 
Use-after-free vulnerability in the xcf_load_image function in app/xcf/xcf-load.c in GIMP allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted XCF file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2023-34431 
Improper input validation in some Intel(R) Server Board BIOS firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
CVE-2026-65878 Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Authenticated arbitrary file delete in SP Page Builder < 6.7.1
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Authenticated arbitrary file delete in SP Page Builder < 6.7.1- Improper path validation and ACL checks lead to a file deletion vector in the media manager.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.3
GHSA-223x-5jv5-8hg6 
Multiple integer overflows in X.org libXi before 1.7.7 allow remote X servers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access or infinite loop) via vectors involving length fields.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-25321 WordPress SupportCandy plugin <= 3.4.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in PSM Plugins SupportCandy supportcandy allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects SupportCandy: from n/a through <= 3.4.4.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2017-17867 
Inteno iopsys 2.0-3.14 and 4.0 devices allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands by modifying the leasetrigger field in the odhcpd configuration to specify an arbitrary program, as demonstrated by a program located on an SMB share. This issue existed because the /etc/uci-defaults directory was not being used to secure the OpenWrt configuration.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
GHSA-8v57-2x2q-jr9m 
The Content No Cache: prevent specific content from being cached plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 0.1.2 via the eos_dyn_get_content action due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract data from password protected, private, or draft posts that they should not have access to.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
GHSA-c22w-rvfr-jr97 
Heap corruption in Intel(R) Baseboard Management Controller firmware may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure, escalation of privilege and/or denial of service via network access.
CVE-2025-9385 appneta tcpreplay tcprewrite edit_packet.c fix_ipv6_checksums use after free
A flaw has been found in appneta tcpreplay up to 4.5.1. The affected element is the function fix_ipv6_checksums of the file edit_packet.c of the component tcprewrite. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack is restricted to local execution. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 4.5.2-beta3 is sufficient to fix this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
CVE-2013-3697 
Integer overflow in the NWFS.SYS kernel driver 4.91.5.8 in Novell Client 4.91 SP5 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 and the NCPL.SYS kernel driver in Novell Client 2 SP2 on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 and Novell Client 2 SP3 on Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2012 might allow local users to gain privileges via a crafted 0x1439EB IOCTL call.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
GHSA-8mpq-46gw-jqf3 
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Online Student Management System 1.0. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file Marks_view.php. The manipulation of the argument FirstRecord leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-259900.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.5
CVE-2026-45669 Nuxt: Reflected XSS in `navigateTo()` external redirect
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From versions 3.4.3 to before 3.21.6 and 4.0.0-alpha.1 to before 4.4.6, navigateTo() with external: true generates a server-side HTML redirect body containing a <meta http-equiv="refresh"> tag. The destination URL is only sanitized by replacing " with %22, leaving <, >, &, and ' unencoded. An attacker who can influence the URL passed to navigateTo(url, { external: true }) can break out of the content="…" attribute and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript that executes under the application's origin. This issue has been patched in versions 3.21.6 and 4.4.6.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVE-2026-4207 D-Link DNS-1550-04 system_mgr.cgi cgi_ntp_time command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_device/cgi_sms_test/cgi_firmware_upload/cgi_ntp_time of the file /cgi-bin/system_mgr.cgi. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
RHSA-2022:0582 Red Hat Security Advisory: ruby:2.6 security update
ruby: NUL injection vulnerability of File.fnmatch and File.fnmatch? ruby: Regular expression denial of service vulnerability of WEBrick's Digest authentication ruby: HTTP response splitting in WEBrick ruby: Code injection via command argument of Shell#test / Shell#[] rubygem-json: Unsafe object creation vulnerability in JSON ruby: BasicSocket#read_nonblock method leads to information disclosure ruby: Potential HTTP request smuggling in WEBrick rubygem-bundler: Dependencies of gems with explicit source may be installed from a different source ruby: XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML rubygem-rdoc: Command injection vulnerability in RDoc ruby: FTP PASV command response can cause Net::FTP to connect to arbitrary host ruby: StartTLS stripping vulnerability in Net::IMAP ruby: Regular expression denial of service vulnerability of Date parsing methods ruby: Cookie prefix spoofing in CGI::Cookie.parse
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-fg92-r9x5-ch82 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:spi: topcliff-pch: fix use-after-free on unbindGive the driver a chance to flush its queue before releasing the DMA
buffers on driver unbind
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2018-13492 
The mintToken function of a smart contract implementation for naga, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow that allows the owner of the contract to set the balance of an arbitrary user to any value.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-q8w8-6rfh-2mq4 
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC18 15.03.05.19 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /etc_ro/smb.conf of the component Samba. The manipulation leads to weak password requirements. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 2.9
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.6
CVE-2001-1066 
ns6install installation script for Netscape 6.01 on Solaris, and other versions including 6.2.1 beta, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack.
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
GHSA-wrjw-f55g-wvxv 
Data leakage in Adobe connector in Snow Software SPE 9.27.0 on Windows allows privileged user to observe other users data.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.1
GHSA-gqfm-cqpj-28j8 
An issue was discovered on Mitsubishi Electric ME-RTU devices through 2.02 and INEA ME-RTU devices through 3.0. A world-readable /usr/smartrtu/init/settings.xml configuration file on the file system allows an attacker to read sensitive configuration settings such as usernames, passwords, and other sensitive RTU data due to insecure permission assignment.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2023-45118 Online Examination System v1.0 - Multiple Authenticated SQL Injections (SQLi)
Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Authenticated SQL Injection vulnerabilities. The 'fdid' parameter of the /update.php resource does not validate the characters received and they are sent unfiltered to the database.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-5p7x-57xg-6p8v 
The Formidable Kinetic plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'kinetic_link' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 1.1.01. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user-supplied shortcode attributes (notably 'window', 'class', and 'label') in the FrmKinetic::link() function, which are concatenated directly into HTML attributes of an anchor tag. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2004-2255 
Directory traversal vulnerability in phpMyFAQ 1.3.12 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, and possibly execute local PHP files, via the action variable, which is used as part of a template filename.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.4
GHSA-rpg4-7fqf-qjwf 
Unauthenticated Stored XSS in osTicket 1.10.1 allows a remote attacker to gain admin privileges by injecting arbitrary web script or HTML via arbitrary file extension while creating a support ticket.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVE-1999-0817 
Lynx WWW client allows a remote attacker to specify command-line parameters which Lynx uses when calling external programs to handle certain protocols, e.g. telnet.
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
GHSA-49x6-mxm3-h3x2 
Use-after-free vulnerability in WebKit, as used in Google Chrome before 6.0.472.59, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to nested SVG elements.
CVE-2023-6114 Duplicator < 1.5.7.1; Duplicator Pro < 4.5.14.2 - Unauthenticated Sensitive Data Exposure
The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 1.5.7.1, Duplicator Pro WordPress plugin before 4.5.14.2 does not disallow listing the `backups-dup-lite/tmp` directory (or the `backups-dup-pro/tmp` directory in the Pro version), which temporarily stores files containing sensitive data. When directory listing is enabled in the web server, this allows unauthenticated attackers to discover and access these sensitive files, which include a full database dump and a zip archive of the site.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2021-43934 Elcomplus SmartPtt Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Elcomplus SmartPTT is vulnerable as the backup and restore system does not adequately validate upload requests, enabling a malicious user to potentially upload arbitrary files.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2020-16964 Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2005-3776 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in MyBulletinBoard (MyBB) 1.0 PR2 Rev 686 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the subject field when creating a new thread and (2) information passed to the Reputation system.
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
CVE-2026-41649 Outline has IDOR in document share creation that allows unauthorized access to private documents across workspaces
Outline is a service that allows for collaborative documentation. The `shares.create` API endpoint starting in version 0.86.0 and prior to version 1.7.0 has an insecure direct object reference.. When both `collectionId` and `documentId` are provided in the request, the authorization logic only checks access to the collection, completely ignoring the document. This allows an authenticated attacker to generate a valid public share link for any document on the platform, including documents belonging to other workspaces. The full document contents can then be retrieved via the `documents.info` endpoint. Version 1.7.0 contains a patch.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.7
GHSA-rhx3-fg8p-f9m4 
Issue summary: If an application using the SSL_CIPHER_find() function in
a QUIC protocol client or server receives an unknown cipher suite from
the peer, a NULL dereference occurs.Impact summary: A NULL pointer dereference leads to abnormal termination of
the running process causing Denial of Service.Some applications call SSL_CIPHER_find() from the client_hello_cb callback
on the cipher ID received from the peer. If this is done with an SSL object
implementing the QUIC protocol, NULL pointer dereference will happen if
the examined cipher ID is unknown or unsupported.As it is not very common to call this function in applications using the QUIC 
protocol and the worst outcome is Denial of Service, the issue was assessed
as Low severity.The vulnerable code was introduced in the 3.2 version with the addition
of the QUIC protocol support.The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.3 are not affected by this issue,
as the QUIC implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.OpenSSL 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.3 are vulnerable to this issue.OpenSSL 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are not affected by this issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
GHSA-97w6-2x6q-8ggw 
SQL injection vulnerability in viewfaqs.php in Scripts for Sites (SFS) EZ Auction allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cat parameter.
CVE-2026-58404 Hugo security.http.urls deny rules bypassed by alternate IPv4 encodings
Hugo is a static site generator. From v0.162.0 through v0.163.0, the default security.http.urls policy denies requests to loopback, internal, and cloud-metadata IPv4 literals, but the deny rule only matched dotted-decimal notation, so alternate IPv4 encodings of the same addresses, including integer, hex, or octal, passed the policy. When a template passes an untrusted or data-derived URL to resources.GetRemote and the host platform uses the cgo system resolver, these encodings resolve to the blocked address, allowing build-time server-side requests to loopback and internal services, including the cloud-metadata endpoint in hosted or CI builds; the same check is reused on redirects, so the gap also applies to each redirect hop. This issue is fixed in v0.163.1.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.6
CVE-2021-44266 
GUnet Open eClass (aka openeclass) before 3.12.2 allows XSS via the modules/auth/formuser.php auth parameter.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-crqf-q9fp-hwjw Spring-Kafka has Java Deserialization vulnerability When Improperly Configured
In Spring for Apache Kafka 3.0.9 and earlier and versions 2.9.10 and earlier, a possible deserialization attack vector existed, but only if unusual configuration was applied. An attacker would have to construct a malicious serialized object in one of the deserialization exception record headers.Specifically, an application is vulnerable when all of the following are true:The user does not configure an ErrorHandlingDeserializer for the key and/or value of the recordThe user explicitly sets container properties checkDeserExWhenKeyNull and/or checkDeserExWhenValueNull container properties to true.The user allows untrusted sources to publish to a Kafka topicBy default, these properties are false, and the container only attempts to deserialize the headers if an ErrorHandlingDeserializer is configured. The ErrorHandlingDeserializer prevents the vulnerability by removing any such malicious headers before processing the record.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-q6mx-qvhp-fqmg Duplicate Advisory: External Secrets Permission Bypass via Expression Parser Mismatch
Duplicate AdvisoryThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm. This link is maintained to preserve external references.Original Descriptionn8n before versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1 contains a permission bypass vulnerability in external secrets handling caused by a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine. An authenticated user with credential create or update permissions but without the externalSecret:list scope can embed external secret references into credentials in forms the static validation does not detect; these references resolve at workflow execution time, exposing secret values the user is not authorized to access. This issue only affects instances where an external secrets provider is configured and Advanced Permissions are in use.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-f8m7-75x7-j2x2 
A vulnerability has been identified in QMS Automotive (All versions < V12.39). The affected application lacks security control to prevent unencrypted communication without HTTPS. An attacker who managed to gain machine-in-the-middle position could manipulate, or steal confidential information.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.4
CVE-2021-21266 XXE vulnerability in OpenHAB
openHAB is a vendor and technology agnostic open source automation software for your home. In openHAB before versions 2.5.12 and 3.0.1 the XML external entity (XXE) attack allows attackers in the same network as the openHAB instance to retrieve internal information like the content of files from the file system. Responses to SSDP requests can be especially malicious. All add-ons that use SAX or JAXB parsing of externally received XML are potentially subject to this kind of attack. In openHAB, the following add-ons are potentially impacted: AvmFritz, BoseSoundtouch, DenonMarantz, DLinkSmarthome, Enigma2, FmiWeather, FSInternetRadio, Gce, Homematic, HPPrinter, IHC, Insteon, Onkyo, Roku, SamsungTV, Sonos, Roku, Tellstick, TR064, UPnPControl, Vitotronic, Wemo, YamahaReceiver and XPath Tranformation. The vulnerabilities have been fixed in versions 2.5.12 and 3.0.1 by a more strict configuration of the used XML parser.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2025-39794 ARM: tegra: Use I/O memcpy to write to IRAM
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ARM: tegra: Use I/O memcpy to write to IRAM

Kasan crashes the kernel trying to check boundaries when using the
normal memcpy.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-j484-x726-7wg8 
The Application Firewall in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 drops unspecified firewall rules after a reboot, which might allow remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via packet data, related to a "timing issue."
GHSA-9jhg-945x-fwm5 
Policy bypass in CSP in Google Chrome prior to 84.0.4147.89 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page.
GHSA-gpw7-r879-cvvq 
_account_forgot_password.ajax.php in MFScripts YetiShare 3.5.2 through 4.5.3 displays a message indicating whether an email address is configured for the account name provided. This can be used by an attacker to enumerate accounts by guessing email addresses.
GHSA-6h82-r4vw-xr2m 
The LWS Optimize  WordPress plugin before 3.4 does not perform a capability check on its cache-clearing actions, allowing any authenticated user, including Subscribers, to flush the site's caches and force repeated cache rebuilds.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2015-7756 
The encryption implementation in Juniper ScreenOS 6.2.0r15 through 6.2.0r18, 6.3.0r12 before 6.3.0r12b, 6.3.0r13 before 6.3.0r13b, 6.3.0r14 before 6.3.0r14b, 6.3.0r15 before 6.3.0r15b, 6.3.0r16 before 6.3.0r16b, 6.3.0r17 before 6.3.0r17b, 6.3.0r18 before 6.3.0r18b, 6.3.0r19 before 6.3.0r19b, and 6.3.0r20 before 6.3.0r21 makes it easier for remote attackers to discover the plaintext content of VPN sessions by sniffing the network for ciphertext data and conducting an unspecified decryption attack.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-p6p3-chv5-mwrq 
Lumidek Associates Simple Food Website 1.0 is vulnerable to Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) which allows anyone to takeover admin/moderater account.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-w6wg-wvpc-5gj5 
Use after free in Linux MANA Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
GHSA-x6xm-ghm9-28cr 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:ksmbd: fix out of bounds in init_smb2_rsp_hdr()If client send smb2 negotiate request and then send smb1 negotiate
request, init_smb2_rsp_hdr is called for smb1 negotiate request since
need_neg is set to false. This patch ignore smb1 packets after ->need_neg
is set to false.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2021-31817 
When configuring Octopus Server if it is configured with an external SQL database, on initial configuration the database password is written to the OctopusServer.txt log file in plaintext.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2026-22403 WordPress Innovio theme <= 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Innovio innovio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Innovio: from n/a through <= 1.9.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
RHSA-2024:1513 Red Hat Security Advisory: libreoffice security fix update
libreoffice: Improper Input Validation leading to arbitrary gstreamer plugin execution libreoffice: Insufficient macro permission validation leading to macro execution
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.3
CVE-2023-7204 WP STAGING WordPress Backup Plugin < 3.2.0 - Unauthorized Sensitive Data Exposure
The WP STAGING WordPress Backup plugin before 3.2.0 allows access to cache files during the cloning process which provides
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2020-29022 Host Header Injection allowing web cache poisoning attacks
Failure to Sanitize host header value on output in the GateManager Web server could allow an attacker to conduct web cache poisoning attacks. This issue affects Secomea GateManager all versions prior to 9.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
GHSA-5p9g-wpq2-jmm7 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:sctp: fix a potential overflow in sctp_ifwdtsn_skipCurrently, when traversing ifwdtsn skips with _sctp_walk_ifwdtsn, it only
checks the pos against the end of the chunk. However, the data left for
the last pos may be < sizeof(struct sctp_ifwdtsn_skip), and dereference
it as struct sctp_ifwdtsn_skip may cause coverflow.This patch fixes it by checking the pos against "the end of the chunk -
sizeof(struct sctp_ifwdtsn_skip)" in sctp_ifwdtsn_skip, similar to
sctp_fwdtsn_skip.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
PYSEC-2020-41 
In EasyBuild before version 4.1.2, the GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT) used by EasyBuild for the GitHub integration features (like `--new-pr`, `--fro,-pr`, etc.) is shown in plain text in EasyBuild debug log files. This issue is fixed in EasyBuild v4.1.2, and in the `master`+ `develop` branches of the `easybuild-framework` repository.
GHSA-6wjv-8p85-pcxm 
Twonky Server 8.5.2 on Linux and Windows is vulnerable to a cryptographic flaw, use of hard-coded cryptographic keys. An attacker with knowledge of the encrypted administrator password can decrypt the value with static keys to view the plain text password and gain administrator-level access to Twonky Server.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.2
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
GHSA-p25m-24j8-qv7g 
Adobe Flash Player versions 25.0.0.127 and earlier have an exploitable use after free vulnerability in the ActionScript2 NetStream class. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
GHSA-mcfg-rxc6-8cwx 
Insufficient data validation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page.
GHSA-97pc-gqwx-pc6q 
Information Disclosure vulnerability in McAfee Advanced Threat Defense (ATD prior to 4.8 allows remote authenticated attackers to gain access to ePO as an administrator via using the atduser credentials, which were too permissive.
GHSA-rc67-55r7-m84c 
Buffer overflow in nss_nisplus.so.1 library in NIS+ in Solaris 2.3 and 2.4 allows local users to gain root privileges.
GHSA-rw23-m73v-8343 
A weakness has been identified in bftpd up to 6.2. Impacted is the function expand_groups of the file options.c of the component Configuration File Handler. Executing manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 1.1
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.5
CVE-2018-8157 
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Office software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Office. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8158, CVE-2018-8161.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
GHSA-v2vp-9rm4-g6h9 
This issue was addressed with improved data protection. This issue is fixed in iOS 16, macOS Ventura 13. A user with physical access to an iOS device may be able to read past diagnostic logs.
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.4
CVE-2022-39389 Witness Block Parsing DoS Vulnerability in lnd
Lightning Network Daemon (lnd) is an implementation of a lightning bitcoin overlay network node. All lnd nodes before version `v0.15.4` are vulnerable to a block parsing bug that can cause a node to enter a degraded state once encountered. In this degraded state, nodes can continue to make payments and forward HTLCs, and close out channels. Opening channels is prohibited, and also on chain transaction events will be undetected. This can cause loss of funds if a CSV expiry is researched during a breach attempt or a CLTV delta expires forgetting the funds in the HTLC. A patch is available in `lnd` version 0.15.4. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may use the `lncli updatechanpolicy` RPC call to increase their CLTV value to a very high amount or increase their fee policies. This will prevent nodes from routing through your node, meaning that no pending HTLCs can be present.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
CVE-2021-34346 Stack Based Overflow Vulnerability in NVR Storage Expansion
A stack buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running NVR Storage Expansion. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of NVR Storage Expansion: NVR Storage Expansion 1.0.6 ( 2021/08/03 ) and later
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2023-37165 
Millhouse-Project v1.414 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component /add_post_sql.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-7j4x-vm2f-rhf2 
Kibana versions before 6.8.9 and 7.7.0 contain a prototype pollution flaw in TSVB. An authenticated attacker with privileges to create TSVB visualizations could insert data that would cause Kibana to execute arbitrary code. This could possibly lead to an attacker executing code with the permissions of the Kibana process on the host system.
CVE-2018-4123 
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. The issue involves alarm and timer handling in the "Clock" component. It allows physically proximate attackers to discover the iTunes e-mail address.
CVSS v3.0 score: 2.4
CVSS v2.0 score: 2.1
GHSA-qccf-q7p4-3q3j Prototype Pollution in safe-object2
All versions of `safe-object2` are vulnerable to prototype pollution. The `settter()` function does not restrict the modification of an Object's prototype, which may allow an attacker to add or modify an existing property that will exist on all objects.RecommendationNo fix is currently available. Consider using an alternative package until a fix is made available.
GHSA-pxxm-mr23-3x3v 
Vulnerability in the Oracle HRMS (UK) product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle HRMS (UK).  While the vulnerability is in Oracle HRMS (UK), attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change).  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle HRMS (UK) accessible data as well as  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle HRMS (UK) accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.2
GHSA-vxqj-cqqr-q9rw 
The Eventin – Event Manager, Events Calendar, Event Tickets and Registrations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'post_settings' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.51. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify plugin settings. Furthermore, due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on the 'etn_primary_color' setting, this enables unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts that will execute whenever a user accesses a page where Eventin styles are loaded.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
GHSA-7mh9-pm6v-7vqq 
IBM Forms Experience Builder could be susceptible to a server-side request forgery (SSRF) from the application design interface allowing for some information disclosure of internal resources.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.1
GHSA-f4gr-6r2q-m388 
In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00416226; Issue ID: MSV-3409.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2017-0818 
A vulnerability in the Android media framework (n/a). Product: Android. Versions: 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 8.0. Android ID: A-63581671.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.8
CVE-2026-58612 PowerShell Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Server-side request forgery (ssrf) in Microsoft PowerShell Core allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.4
CVE-2011-1747 
The agp subsystem in the Linux kernel 2.6.38.5 and earlier does not properly restrict memory allocation by the (1) AGPIOC_RESERVE and (2) AGPIOC_ALLOCATE ioctls, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by making many calls to these ioctls.
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.7
CVE-2014-7222 
Buffer overflow in TeamSpeak Client 3.0.14 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (application crash) by connecting to a channel with a different client instance, and placing crafted data in the Chat/Server tab with two \\ (backslash) characters, a digit, a \ (backslash) character, and "z" in a series of nested img BBCODE tags.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 4
CVE-2025-22138 Private categories allow suggested edits to be viewed via the queue in @codidact/qpixel
@codidact/qpixel is a Q&A-based community knowledge-sharing software. In affected versions when a category is set to private or limited-visibility within QPixel's admin tools, suggested edits within this category can still be viewed by unprivileged or anonymous users via the suggested edit queue. This issue has not yet been patched and no workarounds are available. Users are advised to follow the development repo for updates.

### Patches
Not yet patched.

### Workarounds
None available. Private or limited-visibility categories should not be considered ways to store sensitive information.

### References
Internal: [SUPPORT-114](https://codidact.atlassian.net/issues/SUPPORT-114)
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.1
GHSA-77ph-fpqv-c298 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:nfc: nci: free skb on nci_transceive early error pathsnci_transceive() takes ownership of the skb passed by the caller,
but the -EPROTO, -EINVAL, and -EBUSY error paths return without
freeing it.Due to issues clearing NCI_DATA_EXCHANGE fixed by subsequent changes
the nci/nci_dev selftest hits the error path occasionally in NIPA,
and kmemleak detects leaks:unreferenced object 0xff11000015ce6a40 (size 640):
  comm "nci_dev", pid 3954, jiffies 4295441246
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    6b 6b 6b 6b 00 a4 00 0c 02 e1 03 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b  kkkk.......kkkkk
    6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b  kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
  backtrace (crc 7c40cc2a):
    kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof+0x492/0x630
    __alloc_skb+0x11e/0x5f0
    alloc_skb_with_frags+0xc6/0x8f0
    sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x326/0x3f0
    nfc_alloc_send_skb+0x94/0x1d0
    rawsock_sendmsg+0x162/0x4c0
    do_syscall_64+0x117/0xfc0
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-hf27-73w2-hw8q 
An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Android media framework (libaudioservice). Product: Android. Versions: 8.0. Android ID A-65280854.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVE-2017-6331 
Prior to SEP 14 RU1 Symantec Endpoint Protection product can encounter an issue of Tamper-Protection Bypass, which is a type of attack that bypasses the real time protection for the application that is run on servers and clients.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.6
GHSA-gfv4-4vr2-rr4g 
A flaw was found in org.keycloak.authorization. An authenticated user with a granted User-Managed Access (UMA) permission ticket for one resource can exploit this by using a specific permission request prefix to bypass per-resource access control. This allows the user to gain unauthorized access to all resources of that type within the same resource server, even if they do not have a ticket for those specific resources. This vulnerability requires the resource server to be configured in PERMISSIVE policy enforcement mode and affects typed resources with ownerManagedAccess enabled, where no explicit policy protects the resource type. The primary consequence is unauthorized information disclosure or modification of resources.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.6
GHSA-mpmg-6f4c-m3x8 
A vulnerability was found in GNOME libgsf up to 1.14.53. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function gsf_prop_settings_collect_va. The manipulation of the argument n_alloced_params leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2022-34557 
Barangay Management System v1.0 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the hidden_id parameter at /pages/permit/permit.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-hx8q-242f-93m4 
X-Cart V5 is vulnerable to XSS via the CategoryFilter2 parameter.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
CVE-2021-23201 
NVIDIA GPU and Tegra hardware contain a vulnerability in an internal microcontroller, which may allow a user with elevated privileges to generate valid microcode by identifying, exploiting, and loading vulnerable microcode. Such an attack could lead to information disclosure, data corruption, or denial of service of the device. The scope may extend to other components.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2021-26279 Information disclosure vulnerability in Weather module
Some parameters of the weather module are improperly stored, leaking some sensitive information.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
CVE-2026-34630 Bridge | Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122)
Bridge versions 16.0.2, 15.1.4 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-j3j3-gw6m-h758 
A potential Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability has been identified in ArcSight Management Center (ArcMC) in all versions prior to 2.81. This vulnerability could be exploited to allow for Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
RHSA-2026:25251 Red Hat Security Advisory: containernetworking-plugins security update
golang: net/url: Memory exhaustion in query parameter parsing in net/url crypto/x509: golang: Denial of Service due to excessive resource consumption via crafted certificate crypto/tls: crypto/tls: Incorrect certificate validation during TLS session resumption net/url: Incorrect parsing of IPv6 host literals in net/url crypto/x509: crypto/tls: golang: Go: Denial of Service vulnerability in certificate chain building crypto/x509: golang: Go crypto/x509: Denial of Service via inefficient certificate chain validation crypto/tls: golang: Go crypto/tls: Denial of Service via multiple TLS 1.3 key update messages
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2020-11651 
An issue was discovered in SaltStack Salt before 2019.2.4 and 3000 before 3000.2. The salt-master process ClearFuncs class does not properly validate method calls. This allows a remote user to access some methods without authentication. These methods can be used to retrieve user tokens from the salt master and/or run arbitrary commands on salt minions.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-5mvh-cpg9-4rwh 
Online Railway Reservation System v1.0 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the id parameter at /admin/inquiries/view_details.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
CVE-2022-50533 wifi: mac80211: mlme: fix null-ptr deref on failed assoc
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: mac80211: mlme: fix null-ptr deref on failed assoc

If association to an AP without a link 0 fails, then we crash in
tracing because it assumes that either ap_mld_addr or link 0 BSS
is valid, since we clear sdata->vif.valid_links and then don't
add the ap_mld_addr to the struct.

Since we clear also sdata->vif.cfg.ap_addr, keep a local copy of
it and assign it earlier, before clearing valid_links, to fix
this.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2021-36751 
ENC DataVault 7.2.3 and before, and OEM versions, use an encryption algorithm that is vulnerable to data manipulation (without knowledge of the key). This is called ciphertext malleability. There is no data integrity mechanism to detect this manipulation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.2
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.4
GHSA-4x5r-v8g2-7qhv 
D-Link DSR-250N devices before 1.08B31 allow remote authenticated users to obtain "persistent root access" via the BusyBox CLI, as demonstrated by overwriting the super user password.
CVE-2017-3912 McAfee Application Control and Change Control (MACC) - password management security feature bypass (SFB) leading to an authentication bypass
Bypassing password security vulnerability in McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) 7.0.1 and 6.2.0 allows authenticated users to perform arbitrary command execution via a command-line utility.
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.4
GHSA-6chg-8whj-347g 
A vulnerability has been identified in SPPA-T3000 Application Server (All versions). An attacker with network access to the Application Server could cause a Denial-of-Service condition by sending specifically crafted objects via RMI. This vulnerability is independent from CVE-2019-18317 and CVE-2019-18318. Please note that an attacker needs to have network access to the Application Server in order to exploit this vulnerability. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.
CVE-2020-15031 
NeDi 1.9C is vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attack. The application allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code via the Assets-Management.php chg parameter.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.5
GHSA-2jg7-fhcx-q359 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Open Constructor 3.12.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the result parameter to data/file/edit.php, (2) the q parameter to confirm.php, or (3) the keyword parameter to users/users.php.