CVE-2022-49414 ext4: fix race condition between ext4_write and ext4_convert_inline_data
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix race condition between ext4_write and ext4_convert_inline_data

Hulk Robot reported a BUG_ON:
 ==================================================================
 EXT4-fs error (device loop3): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:805: group 0,
 block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 31513 free clusters
 kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:53!
 invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI
 CPU: 0 PID: 25371 Comm: syz-executor.3 Not tainted 5.10.0+ #1
 RIP: 0010:ext4_put_nojournal fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:53 [inline]
 RIP: 0010:__ext4_journal_stop+0x10e/0x110 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:116
 [...]
 Call Trace:
  ext4_write_inline_data_end+0x59a/0x730 fs/ext4/inline.c:795
  generic_perform_write+0x279/0x3c0 mm/filemap.c:3344
  ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x2e3/0x3d0 fs/ext4/file.c:270
  ext4_file_write_iter+0x30a/0x11c0 fs/ext4/file.c:520
  do_iter_readv_writev+0x339/0x3c0 fs/read_write.c:732
  do_iter_write+0x107/0x430 fs/read_write.c:861
  vfs_writev fs/read_write.c:934 [inline]
  do_pwritev+0x1e5/0x380 fs/read_write.c:1031
 [...]
 ==================================================================

Above issue may happen as follows:
           cpu1                     cpu2
__________________________|__________________________
do_pwritev
 vfs_writev
  do_iter_write
   ext4_file_write_iter
    ext4_buffered_write_iter
     generic_perform_write
      ext4_da_write_begin
                           vfs_fallocate
                            ext4_fallocate
                             ext4_convert_inline_data
                              ext4_convert_inline_data_nolock
                               ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock
                                clear EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA
                               ext4_map_blocks
                                ext4_ext_map_blocks
                                 ext4_mb_new_blocks
                                  ext4_mb_regular_allocator
                                   ext4_mb_good_group_nolock
                                    ext4_mb_init_group
                                     ext4_mb_init_cache
                                      ext4_mb_generate_buddy  --> error
       ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA)
                                ext4_restore_inline_data
                                 set EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA
       ext4_block_write_begin
      ext4_da_write_end
       ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA)
       ext4_write_inline_data_end
        handle=NULL
        ext4_journal_stop(handle)
         __ext4_journal_stop
          ext4_put_nojournal(handle)
           ref_cnt = (unsigned long)handle
           BUG_ON(ref_cnt == 0)  ---> BUG_ON

The lock held by ext4_convert_inline_data is xattr_sem, but the lock
held by generic_perform_write is i_rwsem. Therefore, the two locks can
be concurrent.

To solve above issue, we add inode_lock() for ext4_convert_inline_data().
At the same time, move ext4_convert_inline_data() in front of
ext4_punch_hole(), remove similar handling from ext4_punch_hole().
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.7