CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
GHSA-prp2-m2c6-q2w9 
An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in user and system file upload functions in NETSAS Enigma NMS 65.0.0 and prior. This allows an attacker to upload malicious files and perform arbitrary code execution on the system.
PYSEC-2021-466 
TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. An attacker can cause a division by zero to occur in `Conv2DBackpropFilter`. This is because the implementation(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/1b0296c3b8dd9bd948f924aa8cd62f87dbb7c3da/tensorflow/core/kernels/conv_grad_filter_ops.cc#L513-L522) computes a divisor based on user provided data (i.e., the shape of the tensors given as arguments). If all shapes are empty then `work_unit_size` is 0. Since there is no check for this case before division, this results in a runtime exception, with potential to be abused for a denial of service. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
GHSA-qc3p-q4r9-f58r 
The downloadZip function in application/controllers/admin/export.php in LimeSurvey through 3.16.1+190225 allows a relative path.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVE-2011-2538 
Cisco Video Communications Server (VCS) before X7.0.3 contains a command injection vulnerability which allows remote, authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.2
CVSS v2.0 score: 9
CVE-2024-41270 
An issue discovered in the RunHTTPServer function in Gorush v1.18.4 allows attackers to intercept and manipulate data due to use of deprecated TLS version.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.1
GHSA-mqjf-hpmj-9gr8 
Netis NC63 router firmware V3.0.0.3327 contains an unauthenticated firmware update vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to submit unsigned firmware images by exploiting a missing authentication enforcement flaw in the Boa web server and netis.cgi CGI dispatcher. Attackers can send a multipart POST request to /cgi-bin/upload_fw.cgi without a valid session cookie, bypassing authentication because Boa grants access to any path containing '.cgi' regardless of cookie validation, and netis.cgi reads but does not enforce the authentication state before invoking the firmware update handler, which accepts images validated only by a forgeable additive checksum and static product strings rather than a cryptographic signature, potentially enabling persistent router compromise.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2020-3157 Cisco Identity Services Engine Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the web-based interface. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input to the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious configuration and saving it to the targeted system. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information when an administrator views the configuration. An attacker would need write permissions to exploit this vulnerability successfully.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.4
GHSA-79vh-xfm8-gxmr 
The NextGEN Gallery plugin before 2.1.15 for WordPress allows ../ Directory Traversal in path selection.
CVE-2026-71287 Cacti sanitize_sql_column() Regex Allowlist Permits SQL Time-Delay Functions Leading to Blind SQL Injection
Cacti's sanitize_sql_column (lib/functions.php) sanitizes user-supplied ORDER BY column names using the regex . Because this allowlist retains letters, digits, underscore, parentheses, and dot (intended to support expressions like COUNT(id) and table.column), a payload such as passes through completely unmodified.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2026-38972 
Notepad3 through 6.25.822.1 contains a DLL search-order hijacking vulnerability in the About-dialog code path in src/Notepad3.c. The application calls LoadLibrary(L"MSFTEDIT.DLL") with a bare DLL name, which allows a local attacker to place a malicious MSFTEDIT.DLL in the application directory or another preferred DLL search location and achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the user when the About dialog is opened.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-5949-jwff-8f6q 
The Contest Gallery WordPress plugin before 19.1.5.1, Contest Gallery Pro WordPress plugin before 19.1.5.1 do not escape the cg_multiple_files_for_post POST parameter before concatenating it to an SQL query in 0_change-gallery.php. This may allow malicious users with at least author privilege to leak sensitive information from the site's database.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-qmh9-qfjc-3v7m 
IBM SAN Volume Controller, IBM Storwize, IBM Spectrum Virtualize and IBM FlashSystem products ( 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.6.1, 7.7, 7.7.1, 7.8, 7.8.1, 8.1, and 8.1.1) could allow an authenticated user to obtain the private key which could make intercepting GUI communications possible. IBM X-Force ID: 140396.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2026-7371 GeoVision LPC2011/LPC2211 Web Interface / ssi.cgi reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities
Multiple reflected cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerabilities exist in the Web Interface / ssi.cgi functionality of GeoVision LPC2011/LPC2211 1.10. A specially crafted malicious url can lead to an arbitrary javascript code execution. An attacker can provide a crafted URL to trigger this vulnerability. Reflected XXS via the error message for requesting non-existing page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.4
CVE-2026-46617 Fission runtime pods automount the fission-fetcher service-account token into the user function container, granting function code namespace-wide secret / configmap read
Fission is an open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework that simplifies the deployment of functions and applications on Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.23.0, Fission runtime pods were created with ServiceAccountName: fission-fetcher, and the fission-fetcher ServiceAccount was granted namespace-wide get on secrets and configmaps (it needs that to load function code, env vars, and config). The runtime pod's automounted token was reachable from inside the user's function container at /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token, so user-supplied function code inherited the same Kubernetes API privileges and could read any secret or configmap in the function's namespace — far beyond the Function.spec.secrets allowlist that the function specification suggests. This issue has been patched in version 1.23.0.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
GHSA-48rw-r4xr-j8j2 
A CWE-248: Uncaught Exception vulnerability exists in all versions of the Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon Quantum, and Modicon Premium which could cause denial of service when reading memory blocks with an invalid data size or with an invalid data offset in the controller over Modbus.
GHSA-wpxj-r4vx-g93m 
In multiple files, there is a possible way that trimmed content could be included in PDF output due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2023-21554 Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2021-44832 Apache Log4j2 vulnerable to RCE via JDBC Appender when attacker controls configuration
Apache Log4j2 versions 2.0-beta7 through 2.17.0 (excluding security fix releases 2.3.2 and 2.12.4) are vulnerable to a remote code execution (RCE) attack when a configuration uses a JDBC Appender with a JNDI LDAP data source URI when an attacker has control of the target LDAP server. This issue is fixed by limiting JNDI data source names to the java protocol in Log4j2 versions 2.17.1, 2.12.4, and 2.3.2.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.6
CVSS v2.0 score: 8.5
CVE-2026-41385 OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Nostr Private Key Exposure via config.get Redaction Bypass
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 stores Nostr privateKey as plaintext in configuration, allowing exposure through config.get method calls that bypass redaction mechanisms. Attackers can retrieve unredacted configuration data to obtain plaintext signing keys used for Nostr protocol operations.
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.1
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-cj7m-368h-qqqf 
The Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows 10 Gold and 1511, and Internet Explorer 9 through 11 has an improper fallback mechanism, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges via NetBIOS name responses, aka "WPAD Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
GHSA-w6cw-jfxj-m3cm 
Symantec pcAnywhere through 12.5.3, Altiris IT Management Suite pcAnywhere Solution 7.0 (aka 12.5.x) and 7.1 (aka 12.6.x), Altiris Client Management Suite pcAnywhere Solution 7.0 (aka 12.5.x) and 7.1 (aka 12.6.x), and Altiris Deployment Solution Remote pcAnywhere Solution 7.1 (aka 12.5.x and 12.6.x) do not properly handle the client state after abnormal termination of a remote session, which allows remote attackers to obtain access to the client by leveraging an "open client session."
CVE-2002-1707 
install.php in phpBB 2.0 through 2.0.1, when "allow_url_fopen" and "register_globals" variables are set to "on", allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by modifying the phpbb_root_dir parameter to reference a URL on a remote web server that contains the code.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2020-27814 
A heap-buffer overflow was found in the way openjpeg2 handled certain PNG format files. An attacker could use this flaw to cause an application crash or in some cases execute arbitrary code with the permission of the user running such an application.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2023-4985 Supcon InPlant SCADA Project.xml improper authentication
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Supcon InPlant SCADA up to 20230901. Affected is an unknown function of the file Project.xml. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-239796. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.9
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.9
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.6
GHSA-h526-7r62-gcj9 
A vulnerability in of Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, causing a denial of service (DoS) condition.This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An attacker with a low-privileged account could exploit this vulnerability by using crafted commands at the CLI prompt. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2021-35130 
Memory corruption in graphics support layer due to use after free condition in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.4
GHSA-rpg6-68hp-8vpv 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in SpamTitan 5.07 and possibly earlier allow remote attackers or authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) ipaddress or (2) domain parameter to setup-network.php, different vectors than CVE-2011-5149.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2006-1352 
BEA WebLogic Server and WebLogic Express 8.1 SP4 and earlier, 7.0 SP6 and earlier, and WebLogic Server 6.1 SP7 and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory exhaustion) via crafted non-canonicalized XML documents.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-97jg-w4wh-7vxw 
describecomponents.cgi in Bugzilla 2.17.3 and 2.17.4 does not properly verify group membership when bug entry groups are used, which allows remote attackers to list component descriptions for otherwise restricted products.
GHSA-9pv7-g3rx-xpqw 
Signalling in Pexip Infinity 29 through 36.2 before 37.0 has improper input validation that allows remote attackers to trigger a temporary denial of service (software abort).
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2024-1561 Arbitrary Local File Read via Component Method Invocation in gradio-app/gradio
An issue was discovered in gradio-app/gradio, where the `/component_server` endpoint improperly allows the invocation of any method on a `Component` class with attacker-controlled arguments. Specifically, by exploiting the `move_resource_to_block_cache()` method of the `Block` class, an attacker can copy any file on the filesystem to a temporary directory and subsequently retrieve it. This vulnerability enables unauthorized local file read access, posing a significant risk especially when the application is exposed to the internet via `launch(share=True)`, thereby allowing remote attackers to read files on the host machine. Furthermore, gradio apps hosted on `huggingface.co` are also affected, potentially leading to the exposure of sensitive information such as API keys and credentials stored in environment variables.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-r224-hwf4-6cww 
Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) 8.0.6-078 and 8.0.6-115 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (service outage) via a flood of TCP traffic that leads to DNS resolution delays, aka Bug IDs CSCur32005 and CSCur07907.
GHSA-h7hv-7vh8-4hjp 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Sun Management Center component in Oracle Sun Product Suite 3.6.1 and 4.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Solaris Container Manager.
GHSA-h88c-j84g-842h 
An issue was discovered in Xen through 4.14.x. Neither xenstore implementation does any permission checks when reporting a xenstore watch event. A guest administrator can watch the root xenstored node, which will cause notifications for every created, modified, and deleted key. A guest administrator can also use the special watches, which will cause a notification every time a domain is created and destroyed. Data may include: number, type, and domids of other VMs; existence and domids of driver domains; numbers of virtual interfaces, block devices, vcpus; existence of virtual framebuffers and their backend style (e.g., existence of VNC service); Xen VM UUIDs for other domains; timing information about domain creation and device setup; and some hints at the backend provisioning of VMs and their devices. The watch events do not contain values stored in xenstore, only key names. A guest administrator can observe non-sensitive domain and device lifecycle events relating to other guests. This information allows some insight into overall system configuration (including the number and general nature of other guests), and configuration of other guests (including the number and general nature of other guests' devices). This information might be commercially interesting or might make other attacks easier. There is not believed to be exposure of sensitive data. Specifically, there is no exposure of VNC passwords, port numbers, pathnames in host and guest filesystems, cryptographic keys, or within-guest data.
CVE-2011-2860 
Use-after-free vulnerability in Google Chrome before 14.0.835.163 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to table styles.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-1520 rethinkdb Secondary Index cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in rethinkdb up to 2.4.3. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Secondary Index Handler. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0 score: 4.8
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.4
CVSS v3.0 score: 2.4
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.3
PYSEC-2026-3587 
### Summary

Heap-buffer-overflow READ (16 bytes) in `Gemm_7_6::adapt_gemm_7_6()` (`onnx/version_converter/adapters/gemm_7_6.h:41`) when `ConvertVersion()` processes a model with a Gemm node whose input tensors have fewer than 2 dimensions. The adapter accesses `B_shape[1]` without checking rank. On Release builds the OOB read is silent; ASan confirms 16-byte read past a 48-byte allocation.

### Details

The Gemm 7→6 downgrade adapter reads input shapes without bounds checking:
```cpp
// gemm_7_6.h:26-42
const auto& A_shape = inputs[0]->sizes();  // May have < 2 elements
const auto& B_shape = inputs[1]->sizes();  // May have < 2 elements

if (node->hasAttribute(ktransB) && node->i(ktransB) == 1) {
    MN.emplace_back(B_shape[0]);   // OOB if B has 0 dims
} else {
    MN.emplace_back(B_shape[1]);   // OOB if B has < 2 dims ← CRASH
}
```

The PoC has input B with shape `[28]` (1 dimension). `B_shape` has 1 element. Accessing `B_shape[1]` reads 16 bytes past the `std::vector<Dimension>` internal storage into adjacent heap memory.

The same unchecked pattern applies to `A_shape[0]` and `A_shape[1]` at lines 34 and 36.

**Entry point:** `onnx.version_converter.convert_version(model, 6)` — different from the `InferShapes` bugs reported in separate advisories. This triggers during opset downgrade (7→6).

### PoC
```python
import base64
import onnx
from onnx import version_converter

poc_b64 = "CAM6rwEKUQoBQQoBQgoBQRIBWSIER2VtbSoPCgVhbHBoYRUBAQA+oAEBKg4KBGJldGEVAAAAOqABASoNCgZ0dGZsc0EYAaABAioNCgZ0cmFuc0IYAKABAhIKb2Vpdl94bWZ2aFoTCgFBEg4KDAgBEggKAggCCgIIA1oTCgFCEg4KDAgBEggKAggcCgIIBFoPCgFCEgoKCAgBEgQKAggbYhMKAVkSDgoMCAESCAoCCAIKAggEQgQKABAH"

model = onnx.load_from_string(base64.b64decode(poc_b64))

# Triggers heap-buffer-overflow in Gemm_7_6 adapter
version_converter.convert_version(model, 6)
```

186-byte PoC. ASan confirms: `heap-buffer-overflow READ of size 16` at `gemm_7_6.h:41`, `0 bytes after 48-byte region` allocated in `tensorShapeProtoToDimensions` at `ir_pb_converter.cc:216`.

### Impact

Any application that uses `onnx.version_converter.convert_version()` on untrusted models is vulnerable. This includes model conversion pipelines and tools that auto-downgrade opset versions for compatibility. On Release builds the OOB read is silent — the read value propagates into the converted model's output shape, potentially leaking heap data. On ASan builds it's detected as a heap-buffer-overflow. Could also cause crashes with different heap layouts.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.3
GHSA-w437-cqhg-f7j8 
Apache CouchDB before 1.0.4, 1.1.x before 1.1.2, and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a JSONP callback, related to Adobe Flash.
GHSA-qgx5-5h35-jw4r 
Foxit PDF Reader Update Service Incorrect Permission Assignment Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.The specific flaw exists within the handling of the configuration files used by the Foxit Reader Update Service. The issue results from incorrect permissions set on a resource used by the service. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-23933.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
GHSA-28wg-555g-fr2v 
If an existing cookie is changed to be "HttpOnly" while a document is open, the original value remains accessible through script until that document is closed. Network requests correctly use the changed HttpOnly cookie. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 58.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVE-2025-68177 cpufreq/longhaul: handle NULL policy in longhaul_exit
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

cpufreq/longhaul: handle NULL policy in longhaul_exit

longhaul_exit() was calling cpufreq_cpu_get(0) without checking
for a NULL policy pointer. On some systems, this could lead to a
NULL dereference and a kernel warning or panic.

This patch adds a check using unlikely() and returns early if the
policy is NULL.

Bugzilla: #219962
GHSA-8r8p-6qcr-pv6h 
The WP Mailster plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's 'mst_subscribe' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.17.0 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
CVE-2026-53640 FOSSBilling missing authorization checks on read-only admin API endpoints expose sensitive staff, client, and redirect data
FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Prior to version 0.8.0, low-privileged staff accounts may read sensitive data via admin API endpoints that lack permission checks. While sibling write endpoints correctly enforce fine-grained permissions, the corresponding read endpoints have no authorization guards. Version 0.8.0 contains a fix. Some workarounds are available. Restrict staff accounts to only those who need access to sensitive data and/or use a reverse proxy or WAF to restrict access to the affected endpoints.
CVSS v4.0 score: 2.3
GHSA-463f-727w-pqp7 
nmap version 6.49BETA6 through 7.60, up to and including SVN revision 37147 contains a Directory Traversal vulnerability in NSE script http-fetch that can result in file overwrite as the user is running it. This attack appears to be exploitable via a victim that runs NSE script http-fetch against a malicious web site. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 7.7.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.7
GHSA-q5wr-pfj7-hc42 
InDesign Desktop versions ID19.5, ID18.5.4 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2025-27250 
Uncontrolled resource consumption for some Edge Orchestrator software before version 24.11.1 for Intel(R) Tiber(TM) Edge Platform may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.1
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.5
ICSA-21-133-03 OPC Foundation UA Products Built with .NET Framework
The affected products are vulnerable to an uncontrolled recursion, which may allow an attacker to trigger a stack overflow.CVE-2021-27432 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2018-1000614 
ONOS ONOS Controller version 1.13.1 and earlier contains a XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in providers/netconf/alarm/src/main/java/org/onosproject/provider/netconf/alarm/NetconfAlarmTranslator.java that can result in An adversary can remotely launch advanced XXE attacks on ONOS controller without authentication.. This attack appear to be exploitable via crafted protocol message.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-f8w4-9vp9-7v2q 
Improper session management in GCOM EPON 1GE ONU version C00R371V00B01 allows attackers to execute a session hijacking attack via spoofing the IP address of an authenticated user.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.1
CVE-2008-3407 
phpLinkat 0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and access unspecified pages under admin/ by sending a login=right cookie.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2024-45791 Apache HertzBeat: Exposure sensitive token via http GET method with query string
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Apache HertzBeat.

This issue affects Apache HertzBeat: before 1.6.1.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.6.1, which fixes the issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
RHSA-2008:0154 Red Hat Security Advisory: kernel security and bug fix update
kernel: denial of service with wedged processes NULL dereference in iwl driver Linux Kernel isdn_net_setcfg buffer overflow Security: some HVM domain can access another domain memory. /proc/cpuinfo DoS on some ppc machines
CVE-2022-28764 Local information exposure in Zoom Clients
The Zoom Client for Meetings (for Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows) before version 5.12.6 is susceptible to a local information exposure vulnerability. A failure to clear data from a local SQL database after a meeting ends and the usage of an insufficiently secure per-device key encrypting that database results in a local malicious user being able to obtain meeting information such as in-meeting chat for the previous meeting attended from that local user account.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.3
GHSA-3x5p-6jhj-5q3p 
VirusBuster 4.5.11.0, when Internet Explorer 6 or 7 is used, allows remote attackers to bypass detection of malware in an HTML document by placing an MZ header (aka "EXE info") at the beginning, and modifying the filename to have (1) no extension, (2) a .txt extension, or (3) a .jpg extension, as demonstrated by a document containing a CVE-2006-5745 exploit.
GHSA-r5hc-32f3-wh4r 
The init script (sysstat.in) in sysstat 5.1.2 up to 7.1.6 creates /tmp/sysstat.run insecurely, which allows local users to execute arbitrary code.
GHSA-vm66-xcq3-qvjh 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Kayako SupportSuite - ESupport 3.00.13 and 3.04.10 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors related to a (1) lostpassword or (2) register action in index.php, (3) unspecified vectors in the Submit form in a submit action in index.php, and (4) the user's name in index.php; and (5) allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors related to the Admin and Staff Control Panel. NOTE: this might issue overlap CVE-2004-1412, CVE-2005-0487, or CVE-2005-0842.
CVE-2026-2399 
CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability exists that could cause critical files overwritten with text data when a Web Admin user alters the POST /REST/upssleep request payload.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.9
GHSA-3xj7-5rr9-482h 
Heap-based buffer overflow in the WordPerfect 5.x reader (wosr.dll), as used in Autonomy KeyView 10.4 and 10.9 and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors related to "data blocks."
GHSA-4j45-j8xj-879v 
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Epsiloncool WP Fast Total Search allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects WP Fast Total Search: from n/a through 1.78.258.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2015-1329 
Use-after-free vulnerability in oxide::qt::URLRequestDelegatedJob in oxide-qt in Ubuntu 15.04 and 14.04 LTS might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
RHEA-2024:4866 Red Hat Enhancement Advisory: Red Hat Service Interconnect 1.4.7 Release rpms
encoding/gob: golang: Calling Decoder.Decode on a message which contains deeply nested structures can cause a panic due to stack exhaustion
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-chf5-9cm8-37j4 
Apache WWW server 1.3.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via a large number of MIME headers with the same name, aka the "sioux" vulnerability.
GHSA-qmch-8qv7-wmqf 
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CVE RECORD. ConsultIDs: none. Reason: This record was withdrawn by its CNA. Further investigation showed that it was not a security issue. Notes: none.
RHSA-2024:4564 Red Hat Security Advisory: java-11-openjdk security update
OpenJDK: potential UTF8 size overflow (8314794) OpenJDK: Excessive symbol length can lead to infinite loop (8319859) OpenJDK: Range Check Elimination (RCE) pre-loop limit overflow (8320548) OpenJDK: Pack200 increase loading time due to improper header validation (8322106) OpenJDK: Out-of-bounds access in 2D image handling (8324559) OpenJDK: RangeCheckElimination array index overflow (8323231)
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.4
CVE-2024-44124 
This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18 and iPadOS 18. A malicious Bluetooth input device may bypass pairing.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2014-2241 
The (1) cf2_initLocalRegionBuffer and (2) cf2_initGlobalRegionBuffer functions in cff/cf2ft.c in FreeType before 2.5.3 do not properly check if a subroutine exists, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure), as demonstrated by a crafted ttf file.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-p8cc-4954-r7hw 
XXE in Diving Log 6.0 allows attackers to remotely view local files through a crafted dive.xml file that is mishandled during a Subsurface import.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.5
CVE-2026-62889 Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Double free in Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVE-2021-28338 Remote Procedure Call Runtime Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Remote Procedure Call Runtime Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2020-4882 
IBM Planning Analytics 2.0 could be vulnerable to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack by constucting URLs from user-controlled data . This could enable attackers to make arbitrary requests to the internal network or to the local file system. IBM X-Force ID: 190852.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.1
GHSA-2xxc-73fv-36f7 llama-index vulnerable to arbitrary code execution
An issue in llama_index v.0.7.13 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the `exec` parameter in PandasQueryEngine function.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-pw5q-w49m-4p9r 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Default Messaging Component in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 6.1.0.7 and earlier has unknown impact and attack vectors, related to "incorrect authorization on a remote interface to the SDO repository."
CVE-2026-43746 
A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-xfh2-6j25-5437 
Possible memory corruption due to improper validation of memory address while processing user-space IOCTL for clearing Filter and Route statistics in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables
GHSA-3683-2c96-6v5c 
Due to the Asset Explorer agent not validating HTTPS certificates, an attacker on the network can statically configure their IP address to match the Asset Explorer's Server IP address. This will allow an attacker to send a NEWSCAN request to a listening agent on the network as well as receive the agent's HTTP request verifying its authtoken. In AEAgent.cpp, the agent responding back over HTTP is vulnerable to a Heap Overflow if the POST payload response is too large. The POST payload response is converted to Unicode using vswprintf. This is written to a buffer only 0x2000 bytes big. If POST payload is larger, then heap overflow will occur.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2009-0020 
Unspecified vulnerability in CarbonCore in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application termination) and execute arbitrary code via a crafted resource fork that triggers memory corruption.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.8
CVE-2017-14416 
D-Link DIR-850L REV. A (with firmware through FW114WWb07_h2ab_beta1) devices have XSS in the action parameter to htdocs/web/wandetect.php.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-q723-5hqf-qmpp 
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in VanKarWai Lobo lobo allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Lobo: from n/a through < 2.8.6.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
CVE-2019-6649 
F5 BIG-IP 15.0.0, 14.1.0-14.1.0.6, 14.0.0-14.0.0.5, 13.0.0-13.1.1.5, 12.1.0-12.1.4.1, 11.6.0-11.6.4, and 11.5.1-11.5.9 and Enterprise Manager 3.1.1 may expose sensitive information and allow the system configuration to be modified when using non-default ConfigSync settings.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.8
GHSA-p22x-x8mg-qrqm 
SQL injection vulnerabilities exist in the ID parameters of OS4Ed openSIS 7.3 pages. The id parameter in the page MassDropModal.php is vulnerable to SQL injection. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-j2q4-4x34-58rx 
An arbitrary file upload and directory traversal vulnerability exists in the file upload functionality of DownloadFileServlet in Draytek VigorConnect 1.6.0-B3. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to upload files to any location on the target operating system with root privileges.
GHSA-pjrr-rvgc-5w25 
Rejected reason: Not used
CVE-1999-0530 
A system is operating in "promiscuous" mode which allows it to perform packet sniffing.
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
CVE-2026-28824 
An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2024-3531 Campcodes Complete Online Student Management System courses_view.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Online Student Management System 1.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file courses_view.php. The manipulation of the argument FirstRecord leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-259901 was assigned to this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 3.5
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 4
CVE-2018-0575 
baserCMS (baserCMS 4.1.0.1 and earlier versions, baserCMS 3.0.15 and earlier versions) allows remote attackers to bypass access restriction in mail form to view a file which is uploaded by a site user via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2024-42983 
Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the pptpPPW parameter in the fromAdvSetWan function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2023-34561 
A buffer overflow in the level parsing code of RobTop Games AB Geometry Dash v2.113 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via entering a Geometry Dash level.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-qcjq-ff52-gpfq 
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the httpd wlscan_ASP functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.4. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2008-2555 
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in EasyWay CMS allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the mid parameter.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-w36g-q975-37rg Improper Input Validation (RCE)
Wazuh API in Wazuh from 4.0.0 to 4.0.3 allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges via /manager/files URI. An authenticated user to the service may exploit incomplete input validation on the /manager/files API to inject arbitrary code within the API service script.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2018-14747 
NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in QTS 4.3.5 build 20181013, QTS 4.3.4 build 20181008, QTS 4.3.3 build 20180829, QTS 4.2.6 build 20180829 and earlier versions could allow remote attackers to crash the NAS media server.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-xpm5-rj8g-g87f 
Cdelia Software ImageProcessing allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted BMP file.
CVE-2025-29915 Suricata af-packet: defrag option can lead to truncated packets affecting visibility
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. The AF_PACKET defrag option is enabled by default and allows AF_PACKET to re-assemble fragmented packets before reaching Suricata. However the default packet size in Suricata is based on the network interface MTU which leads to Suricata seeing truncated packets. Upgrade to Suricata 7.0.9, which uses better defaults and adds warnings for user configurations that may lead to issues.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2023-32307 heap-over-flow and integer-overflow in sofia-sip
Sofia-SIP is an open-source SIP User-Agent library, compliant with the IETF RFC3261 specification.
Referring to [GHSA-8599-x7rq-fr54](https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/security/advisories/GHSA-8599-x7rq-fr54), several other potential heap-over-flow and integer-overflow in stun_parse_attr_error_code and stun_parse_attr_uint32 were found because the lack of attributes length check when Sofia-SIP handles STUN packets. The previous patch of [GHSA-8599-x7rq-fr54](https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/security/advisories/GHSA-8599-x7rq-fr54) fixed the vulnerability when attr_type did not match the enum value, but there are also vulnerabilities in the handling of other valid cases. The OOB read and integer-overflow made by attacker may lead to crash, high consumption of memory or even other more serious consequences. These issue have been addressed in version 1.13.15. Users are advised to upgrade.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-36fp-xj79-95mx 
Links may not be rewritten according to policy in some specially formatted emails.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2025-27127 
A vulnerability has been identified in TIA Project-Server (All versions < V2.1.1), TIA Project-Server V17 (All versions), Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal) V17 (All versions), Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal) V18 (All versions), Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal) V19 (All versions < V19 Update 4), Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal) V20 (All versions < V20 Update 3). The affected application improperly handles uploaded projects in the document root. This could allow an attacker with contributor privileges to cause denial of service by uploading a malicious project.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2024-29114 WordPress Download Manager plugin <= 3.2.84 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in W3 Eden, Inc. Download Manager allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Download Manager: from n/a through 3.2.84.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-r788-47qv-vw8p 
arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c in the Linux kernel before 4.8.12 does not properly initialize Code Segment (CS) in certain error cases, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via a crafted application.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.5
RHSA-2014:0462 Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Web Framework Kit 2.5.0 security update
Seam: XSS flaw in remoting
GHSA-w75x-46m5-2f8x 
Inappropriate implementation in Navigation in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 108.0.5359.71 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the modal dialogue via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
GHSA-5qph-qc32-4f64 
Check Point VPN-1 SecureClient NG with Application Intelligence R56, NG FP1, 4.0, and 4.1 allows remote attackers to bypass security policies by modifying the local copy of the local.scv policy file after it has been downloaded from the VPN Endpoint.
GHSA-x6fj-h4wg-gc58 
Link Following Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in TuneUp Service in AVG TuneUp Version 23.4 (build 15592) on Windows 10 allows local attackers to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM via creating a symbolic link and leveraging a TOCTTOU (time-of-check to time-of-use) attack.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-cw8x-jrx2-378j 
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in PhpWebGallery 1.5.1 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) since, (2) sort_by, and (3) items_number parameters to comments.php, (4) the search parameter to category.php, and (5) image_id parameter to picture.php.  NOTE: it was later reported that the comments.php/sort_by vector also affects 1.7.2 and earlier.
CVE-2005-1431 
The "record packet parsing" in GnuTLS 1.2 before 1.2.3 and 1.0 before 1.0.25 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, possibly related to padding bytes in gnutils_cipher.c.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2022-36478 
H3C B5 Mini B5MiniV100R005 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function Edit_BasicSSID.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-wrv9-427p-jx59 
Xigla Software Absolute Control Panel XE 1.5 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting a cookie to a certain value.
CVE-2012-2713 
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the BrowserID (Mozilla Persona) module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that login a user to another web site.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2012-0063 
Insecure plugin update mechanism in tucan through 0.3.10 could allow remote attackers to perform man-in-the-middle attacks and execute arbitrary code ith the permissions of the user running tucan.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2022-30212 Windows Connected Devices Platform Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Windows Connected Devices Platform Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.7
GHSA-x482-c63f-45hq 
A vulnerability in the ingress traffic manager of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Network Convergence System (NCS) 520 Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition in the web management interface of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to incorrect processing of certain IPv4 TCP traffic that is destined to an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a large number of crafted TCP packets to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the web management interface to become unavailable, resulting in a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability does not impact traffic that is going through the device or going to the Management Ethernet interface of the device.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2026-33534 EspoCRM has authenticated SSRF via internal-host validation bypass using alternative IPv4 notation
EspoCRM is an open source customer relationship management application. Versions 9.3.3 and below have an authenticated Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that allows bypassing the internal-host validation logic by using alternative IPv4 representations such as octal notation (e.g., 0177.0.0.1 instead of 127.0.0.1). This is caused by HostCheck::isNotInternalHost() function relying on PHP's filter_var(..., FILTER_VALIDATE_IP), which does not recognize alternative IP formats, causing the validation to fall through to a DNS lookup that returns no records and incorrectly treats the host as safe, however the cURL subsequently normalizes the address and connects to the loopback destination. Through the confirmed /api/v1/Attachment/fromImageUrl endpoint, an authenticated user can force the server to make requests to loopback-only services and store the fetched response as an attachment. This vulnerability is distinct from CVE-2023-46736 (which involved redirect-based SSRF) and may allow access to internal resources reachable from the application runtime. This issue has been fixed in version 9.3.4.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2013-1664 
The XML libraries for Python 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.7, and 2.6, as used in OpenStack Keystone Essex, Folsom, and Grizzly; Compute (Nova) Essex and Folsom; Cinder Folsom; Django; and possibly other products allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption and crash) via an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2026-21965 
Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Pluggable Auth).  Supported versions that are affected are 9.0.0-9.5.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 2.7 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.7
RHSA-2012:0480 Red Hat Security Advisory: kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
kernel: ipv6: panic using raw sockets
CVE-2006-1403 
Format string vulnerability in the PrintString function in c_console.cpp in client/server Doom (csDoom) 0.7 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary commands via format string specifiers in strings passed to the console.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.8
GHSA-3v27-h7pg-jm95 
Directory traversal vulnerability in index.php in Guernion Sylvain Portail Web Php (aka Gsylvain35 Portail Web, PwP) allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the page parameter.  NOTE: this issue was later reported for 2.5.1.1.
GHSA-992x-5q5j-jmp5 
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Fastline Media LLC Assistant – Every Day Productivity Apps.This issue affects Assistant – Every Day Productivity Apps: from n/a through 1.4.9.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2013-3718 
evince is missing a check on number of pages which can lead to a segmentation fault
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-5w7v-jxgj-mhgh 
The Bluetooth Low Energy implementation on Dialog Semiconductor SDK through 1.0.14.1081 for DA1468x devices responds to link layer packets with a payload length larger than expected, allowing attackers in radio range to cause a buffer overflow via a crafted packet. This affects, for example, August Smart Lock.
GHSA-r9wg-mj78-x3hm 
DigitalDruid HotelDruid 3.0.2 has an XSS vulnerability in prenota.php affecting the fineperiodo1 parameter.
GHSA-qhmc-3mvr-f2j4 django-allauth does not reject access tokens for inactive users
An issue was discovered in allauth-django before 65.13.0. IdP: marking a user as is_active=False after having handed tokens for that user while the account was still active had no effect. Fixed the access/refresh tokens are now rejected.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2009-4471 
Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in FreeSchool 1.1.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the CLASSPATH parameter to (1) bib_form.php, (2) bib_pldetails.php, (3) bib_plform.php, (4) bib_plsearchc.php, (5) bib_plsearchs.php, (6) bib_save.php, (7) bib_searchc.php, (8) bib_searchs.php, (9) edi_form.php, (10) edi_save.php, (11) gen_form.php, (12) gen_save.php, (13) lin_form.php, (14) lin_save.php, (15) luo_form.php, (16) luo_save.php, (17) sog_form.php, or (18) sog_save.php in biblioteca/; (19) cal_insert.php, (20) cal_save.php, or (21) cal_saveactivity.php in calendario/; (22) circolari/cir_save.php; or (23) modulistica/mdl_save.php.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
RHSA-2019:0375 Red Hat Security Advisory: flatpak security update
flatpak: potential /proc based sandbox escape
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.7
CVE-2017-10623 Junos Space: Insufficient verification of cluster messages
Lack of authentication and authorization of cluster messages in Juniper Networks Junos Space may allow a man-in-the-middle type of attacker to intercept, inject or disrupt Junos Space cluster operations between two nodes. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos Space all versions prior to 17.1R1.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.1
GHSA-8vwx-rvcp-r5hp 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in X7 Chat 2.0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a javascript URI in the URL of an avatar, possibly related to the avatar parameter in register.php.