CIRCL/vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
GHSA-2j3h-78mv-5phm 
Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Gambio 4.9.2.0 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via error-handler.log.json and legacy-error-handler.log.txt under the webroot.
CVSS v3.1 score: 2.7
PYSEC-2021-828 
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. In affected versions the shape inference code for the `Cudnn*` operations in TensorFlow can be tricked into accessing invalid memory, via a heap buffer overflow. This occurs because the ranks of the `input`, `input_h` and `input_c` parameters are not validated, but code assumes they have certain values. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.7.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.6.1, TensorFlow 2.5.2, and TensorFlow 2.4.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
GHSA-cm3p-8h7j-7vr7 
Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, and 1703, and Windows Server 2016 allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user when the JavaScript engine fails to render when handling objects in memory in Microsoft Edge, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-8596, CVE-2017-8610, CVE-2017-8618, CVE-2017-8619, CVE-2017-8603, CVE-2017-8604, CVE-2017-8605, CVE-2017-8606, CVE-2017-8607, CVE-2017-8608, CVE-2017-8598 and CVE-2017-8609.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-qfqv-cr9x-27pg 
The pam_parse_in_data_v2 function in src/responder/pam/pamsrv_cmd.c in the PAM responder in SSSD 1.5.0, 1.4.x, and 1.3 allows local users to cause a denial of service (infinite loop, crash, and login prevention) via a crafted packet.
GHSA-w44h-7gpc-g69c 
SQL injection vulnerability in news.php in dB Masters Curium CMS 1.03 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the c_id parameter.
GHSA-52xg-ww6x-gh3x 
Inappropriate implementation in input in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.45 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted Chrome Extension.
RHSA-2022:0899 Red Hat Security Advisory: libxml2 security update
libxml2: Use-after-free of ID and IDREF attributes
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVE-2025-38643 wifi: cfg80211: Add missing lock in cfg80211_check_and_end_cac()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: cfg80211: Add missing lock in cfg80211_check_and_end_cac()

Callers of wdev_chandef() must hold the wiphy mutex.

But the worker cfg80211_propagate_cac_done_wk() never takes the lock.
Which triggers the warning below with the mesh_peer_connected_dfs
test from hostapd and not (yet) released mac80211 code changes:

WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 495 at net/wireless/chan.c:1552 wdev_chandef+0x60/0x165
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 495 Comm: kworker/u4:2 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc5-wt-g03960e6f9d47 #33 13c287eeabfe1efea01c0bcc863723ab082e17cf
Workqueue: cfg80211 cfg80211_propagate_cac_done_wk
Stack:
 00000000 00000001 ffffff00 6093267c
 00000000 6002ec30 6d577c50 60037608
 00000000 67e8d108 6063717b 00000000
Call Trace:
 [<6002ec30>] ? _printk+0x0/0x98
 [<6003c2b3>] show_stack+0x10e/0x11a
 [<6002ec30>] ? _printk+0x0/0x98
 [<60037608>] dump_stack_lvl+0x71/0xb8
 [<6063717b>] ? wdev_chandef+0x60/0x165
 [<6003766d>] dump_stack+0x1e/0x20
 [<6005d1b7>] __warn+0x101/0x20f
 [<6005d3a8>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0xe3/0x15d
 [<600b0c5c>] ? mark_lock.part.0+0x0/0x4ec
 [<60751191>] ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x0/0x16
 [<600b11a2>] ? mark_held_locks+0x5a/0x6e
 [<6005d2c5>] ? warn_slowpath_fmt+0x0/0x15d
 [<60052e53>] ? unblock_signals+0x3a/0xe7
 [<60052f2d>] ? um_set_signals+0x2d/0x43
 [<60751191>] ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x0/0x16
 [<607508b2>] ? lock_is_held_type+0x207/0x21f
 [<6063717b>] wdev_chandef+0x60/0x165
 [<605f89b4>] regulatory_propagate_dfs_state+0x247/0x43f
 [<60052f00>] ? um_set_signals+0x0/0x43
 [<605e6bfd>] cfg80211_propagate_cac_done_wk+0x3a/0x4a
 [<6007e460>] process_scheduled_works+0x3bc/0x60e
 [<6007d0ec>] ? move_linked_works+0x4d/0x81
 [<6007d120>] ? assign_work+0x0/0xaa
 [<6007f81f>] worker_thread+0x220/0x2dc
 [<600786ef>] ? set_pf_worker+0x0/0x57
 [<60087c96>] ? to_kthread+0x0/0x43
 [<6008ab3c>] kthread+0x2d3/0x2e2
 [<6007f5ff>] ? worker_thread+0x0/0x2dc
 [<6006c05b>] ? calculate_sigpending+0x0/0x56
 [<6003b37d>] new_thread_handler+0x4a/0x64
irq event stamp: 614611
hardirqs last  enabled at (614621): [<00000000600bc96b>] __up_console_sem+0x82/0xaf
hardirqs last disabled at (614630): [<00000000600bc92c>] __up_console_sem+0x43/0xaf
softirqs last  enabled at (614268): [<00000000606c55c6>] __ieee80211_wake_queue+0x933/0x985
softirqs last disabled at (614266): [<00000000606c52d6>] __ieee80211_wake_queue+0x643/0x985
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-256m-rvq9-56mx 
Arm guests can cause Dom0 DoS via PV devices When mapping pages of guests on Arm, dom0 is using an rbtree to keep track of the foreign mappings. Updating of that rbtree is not always done completely with the related lock held, resulting in a small race window, which can be used by unprivileged guests via PV devices to cause inconsistencies of the rbtree. These inconsistencies can lead to Denial of Service (DoS) of dom0, e.g. by causing crashes or the inability to perform further mappings of other guests' memory pages.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.7
CVE-2016-7629 
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.12.2 is affected. The issue involves the "kext tools" component. It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
CVE-2024-36837 
SQL Injection vulnerability in CRMEB v.5.2.2 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the getProductList function in the ProductController.php file.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2018-10852 
The UNIX pipe which sudo uses to contact SSSD and read the available sudo rules from SSSD has too wide permissions, which means that anyone who can send a message using the same raw protocol that sudo and SSSD use can read the sudo rules available for any user. This affects versions of SSSD before 1.16.3.
CVSS v3.0 score: 3.8
GHSA-qc68-fgqr-q53f 
DOS / potential heap overwrite in qtdemux using zlib decompression. Integer overflow in qtdemux element in qtdemux_inflate function which causes a segfault, or could cause a heap overwrite, depending on libc and OS. Depending on the libc used, and the underlying OS capabilities, it could be just a segfault or a heap overwrite.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2026-5865 
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
CVE-2021-41312 
Affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server and Data Center allow a remote attacker who has had their access revoked from Jira Service Management to enable and disable Issue Collectors on Jira Service Management projects via an Improper Authentication vulnerability in the /secure/ViewCollectors endpoint. The affected versions are before version 8.19.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2017-0554 
An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Telephony component could enable a local malicious application to access capabilities outside of its permission levels. This issue is rated as Moderate because it could be used to gain access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33815946.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-1999-0822 
Buffer overflow in Qpopper (qpop) 3.0 allows remote root access via AUTH command.
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
CVE-2024-2134 Bdtask Hospita AutoManager Investigation Report cross-site request forgery
A vulnerability has been found in Bdtask Hospita AutoManager up to 20240223 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /investigation/delete/ of the component Investigation Report Handler. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-255496. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-cm45-36h6-6p23 
Tenda AC18 V15.03.05.19 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wanMTU parameter in the fromAdvSetMacMtuWan function.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2007-1037 
Stack-based buffer overflow in News File Grabber 4.1.0.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a .nzb file with a long subject field.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
CVE-2023-20149 Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G,  RV082 , RV320, and RV325 Routers Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks against a user of the interface. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient input validation by the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device and then persuading a user to visit specific web pages that include malicious payloads. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. Cisco has not released software updates that address these vulnerabilities.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.1
GHSA-528h-cxfw-q2pj 
OpenDolphin 2.7.0 and earlier allows authenticated attackers to bypass authentication to create and/or delete other users accounts via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.5
GHSA-239f-m535-8fmf 
Buffer overflow in RDISERVER in Honeywell Uniformance Process History Database (PHD) R310, R320, and R321 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (service outage) via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVE-2018-7683 
Micro Focus Solutions Business Manager versions prior to 11.4 might reveal certain sensitive information in server log files.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2008-4006 
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Secure Backup component in Oracle Secure Backup 10.1.0.3 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors.
CVSS v2.0 score: 10
GHSA-c6vh-98hr-hm8j 
Unspecified vulnerability in WebCore in Apple Mac OS X 10.4 through 10.4.10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application termination) or execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors related to browser history, which triggers memory corruption.
GHSA-g5m6-f674-9758 
The CorvusPay WooCommerce Payment Gateway plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.4. The `corvuspay_success_handler` function registers the REST endpoint `POST /wp-json/corvuspay/success/` with `'permission_callback' => '__return_true'`, and while it calls `$this->client->validate->signature()` and stores the boolean result in `$res`, the result is never evaluated in a conditional — it is only written to the debug log — causing execution to unconditionally reach `$order->payment_complete()` regardless of whether the cryptographic signature is valid. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark any pending WooCommerce order as fully paid by sending a POST request to the success endpoint containing an arbitrary or forged signature value, allowing them to obtain goods or services without payment. Because WooCommerce order IDs are sequential integers, target orders are trivially enumerable via the `order_number` POST parameter, requiring no prior knowledge of the victim order.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2026-33114 Microsoft Word Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.4
CVE-2023-5636 Malicious File Upload in ArslanSoft's Education Portal
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in ArslanSoft Education Portal allows Command Injection.

This issue affects Education Portal: before v1.1.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-3rv5-ggwr-m2p2 
AIMANAGER before B115 on MONITORAPP Application Insight Web Application Firewall (AIWAF) devices with Manager 2.1.0 allows OS Command Injection because of missing input validation on one of the parameters of an HTTP request.
CVE-2025-59353 Manager generates mTLS certificates for arbitrary IP addresses
Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. Prior to 2.1.0, a peer can obtain a valid TLS certificate for arbitrary IP addresses, effectively rendering the mTLS authentication useless. The issue is that the Manager’s Certificate gRPC service does not validate if the requested IP addresses “belong to” the peer requesting the certificate—that is, if the peer connects from the same IP address as the one provided in the certificate request. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0.
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.7
GHSA-hjj2-rgq8-8f3v 
Directory traversal vulnerability in ModifyMessage.php in YaBB SE 1.5.4 through 1.5.5b allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the attachOld parameter.
CVE-2014-9838 
magick/cache.c in ImageMagick 6.8.9-9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash).
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.3
GHSA-44wp-6pqg-r5gm 
Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to NSCD.
GHSA-4jq6-m5px-fg9g 
The Snippet Shortcodes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized Shortcode Deletion due to missing authorization in all versions up to, and including, 4.1.6. Note that a nonce is used as authentication here, but the value is leaked. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin's Shortcodes.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2019-2538 
Vulnerability in the Oracle Managed File Transfer component of Oracle Fusion Middleware (subcomponent: MFT Runtime Server). Supported versions that are affected are 19.1.0.0.0 and 12.2.1.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Managed File Transfer. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Managed File Transfer accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Managed File Transfer accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N).
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.5
CVE-2025-2388 Keytop 路内停车收费系统 API getParks improper authentication
A vulnerability was found in Keytop 路内停车收费系统 2.7.1. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /saas/commonApi/park/getParks of the component API. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.9
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-795p-5mp4-v2cr 
Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the function fromSetIpMacBind. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2014-6875 
The Woodforest Mobile Banking (aka com.woodforest) application 3.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5.4
CVE-2019-11600 
A SQL injection vulnerability in the activities API in OpenProject before 8.3.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter. The attack can be performed unauthenticated if OpenProject is configured not to require authentication for API access.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.1
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-m8q6-f6pj-j3mh 
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 7.12 before 18.1.6, 18.2 before 18.2.6, and 18.3 before 18.3.2 that could have allowed unauthorized users to render the GitLab instance unresponsive to legitimate users by sending multiple concurrent large SAML responses.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-1575 Schema Shortcode <= 1.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Shortcode
The Schema Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's `itemscope` shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.0 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-wgcx-pj93-24xq 
An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the Web Application functionality of Moxa MXView Series 3.2.4. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to unauthorized access. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-55hx-v69w-vhcr 
An issue was discovered in Bftpd before 5.4. There is a heap-based off-by-one error during file-transfer error checking.
CVE-2003-1274 
Winamp 3.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via .b4s file with a file: argument to the Playstring parameter that contains MS-DOS device names such as aux.
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-wf7q-8hhw-q8c7 
A security flaw has been discovered in itsourcecode Hostel Management System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /justines/index.php of the component POST Request Handler. Performing manipulation of the argument from results in cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.
CVSS v4.0 score: 2.1
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2019-12497 
An issue was discovered in Open Ticket Request System (OTRS) 7.0.x through 7.0.8, Community Edition 6.0.x through 6.0.19, and Community Edition 5.0.x through 5.0.36. In the customer or external frontend, personal information of agents (e.g., Name and mail address) can be disclosed in external notes.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2022-20763 Cisco Webex Meetings Java Deserialization Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the login authorization components of Cisco Webex Meetings could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary Java code. This vulnerability is due to improper deserialization of Java code within login requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious login requests to the Cisco Webex Meetings service. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to inject arbitrary Java code and take arbitrary actions within the Cisco Webex Meetings application.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2025-32285 WordPress Butcher theme < 2.54 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in ApusTheme Butcher butcher allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Butcher: from n/a through < 2.54.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.1
GHSA-pxcf-6j8x-3v58 
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Student Web Portal 1.0. This impacts the function valreg_passwdation of the file signup.php. The manipulation of the argument reg_passwd leads to sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.5
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVE-2011-0614 
Buffer overflow in Adobe Audition 3.0.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted Audition Session (aka .ses) file.
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
GHSA-m9m6-qv46-g5mf 
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-9wr8-p2g4-v8fw 
Computrols CBAS 18.0.0 mishandles password hashes. The approach is MD5 with a pw prefix, e.g., if the password is admin, it will calculate the MD5 hash of pwadmin and store it in a MySQL database.
GHSA-5r79-xhch-gw42 
In placeCall of TelecomManager.java, there is a possible way for an application to keep itself running with foreground service importance due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-12LAndroid ID: A-211114016
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2023-44999 WordPress WooCommerce Stripe Gateway plugin <= 7.6.0 - Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WooCommerce WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway.This issue affects WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway: from n/a through 7.6.0.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
GHSA-4hm5-5hxv-2486 
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in CreativeThemes Blocksy Companion.This issue affects Blocksy Companion: from n/a through 2.0.28.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVE-2024-34432 WordPress Better Elementor Addons plugin <= 1.4.4 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in BetterAddons Better Elementor Addons better-elementor-addons allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Better Elementor Addons: from n/a through 1.4.4.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-xwhc-m79g-6vgf 
Buffer overflows in PL/SQL module 3.0.9.8.2 in Oracle 9i Application Server 1.0.2.x allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via (1) a long help page request without a dadname, which overflows the resulting HTTP Location header, (2) a long HTTP request to the plsql module, (3) a long password in the HTTP Authorization, (4) a long Access Descriptor (DAD) password in the addadd form, or (5) a long cache directory name.
PYSEC-2020-135 
In TensorFlow Lite before versions 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, models using segment sum can trigger writes outside of bounds of heap allocated buffers by inserting negative elements in the segment ids tensor. Users having access to `segment_ids_data` can alter `output_index` and then write to outside of `output_data` buffer. This might result in a segmentation fault but it can also be used to further corrupt the memory and can be chained with other vulnerabilities to create more advanced exploits. The issue is patched in commit 204945b19e44b57906c9344c0d00120eeeae178a and is released in TensorFlow versions 2.2.1, or 2.3.1. A potential workaround would be to add a custom `Verifier` to the model loading code to ensure that the segment ids are all positive, although this only handles the case when the segment ids are stored statically in the model. A similar validation could be done if the segment ids are generated at runtime between inference steps. If the segment ids are generated as outputs of a tensor during inference steps, then there are no possible workaround and users are advised to upgrade to patched code.
GHSA-58c6-f774-rc2c 
Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core).   The supported version that is affected is 7.2.12. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.5 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-rpx7-prpf-wh27 
Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.18 and earlier are affected by a Cross-site Scripting (DOM-based XSS) vulnerability. If a low-privileged attacker is able to convince a victim to visit a URL referencing a vulnerable page, malicious JavaScript content may be executed within the context of the victim's browser.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
GHSA-2w7c-x9cf-4vhj 
Windows Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-29150, CVE-2022-29151.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7
GHSA-prm9-8h85-6m44 
Inappropriate implementation in WebApp Installs in Google Chrome prior to 115.0.5790.98 allowed a remote attacker to potentially spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
RHSA-2025:0115 Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.17.12 bug fix and security update
runc: file descriptor leak golang.org/x/net/html: Non-linear parsing of case-insensitive content in golang.org/x/net/html GraphQL: Information Disclosure via GraphQL Introspection in OpenShift
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.3
CVE-2018-13548 
The mintToken function of a smart contract implementation for Mimicoin, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow that allows the owner of the contract to set the balance of an arbitrary user to any value.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
CVE-2026-13530 itsourcecode Hospital Management System Appointment appointmentdetail.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /appointmentdetail.php of the component Appointment Handler. The manipulation of the argument editid leads to sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 6.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.5
GHSA-qf8r-pqcp-wxq3 
Stack-based buffer overflow in Miranda IM 0.6.8 and 0.7.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Yahoo! Messenger packet.  NOTE: this might overlap CVE-2007-5590.
GHSA-4q72-m435-qg7x 
Integer overflow in gdImageCreateTrueColor function in the GD Graphics Library (libgd) before 2.0.35 allows user-assisted remote attackers to have unspecified attack vectors and impact.
GHSA-83p6-2p5w-42rc 
n8n before 1.123.67, 2.31.5, and 2.32.1 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability in the VM expression engine. An authenticated user able to create or edit a workflow expression can abuse the engine's array-element access to obtain a reference to a host built-in and pollute its prototype in the main n8n process (a sandbox escape), leading to a denial of service. Both self-hosted and cloud instances running the VM expression engine are affected.
CVSS v4.0 score: 6.1
CVE-2021-23451 Insecure Randomness
The package otp-generator before 3.0.0 are vulnerable to Insecure Randomness due to insecure generation of random one-time passwords, which may allow a brute-force attack.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
GHSA-j277-55mx-4j3r 
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.
GHSA-jp7h-x2g7-335v 
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:ice: fix wrong fallback logic for FDIRWhen adding a FDIR filter, if ice_vc_fdir_set_irq_ctx returns failure,
the inserted fdir entry will not be removed and if ice_vc_fdir_write_fltr
returns failure, the fdir context info for irq handler will not be cleared
which may lead to inconsistent or memory leak issue. This patch refines
failure cases to resolve this issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
RHSA-2026:46456 Red Hat Security Advisory: tigervnc security update
xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: stack buffer overflow in font alias resolution due to libXfont2 name length mismatch xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: use-after-free in miSyncDestroyFence() xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: stack buffer overflow in XKB key types due to unchecked shift levels xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: stack buffer overflow in XKB SetMap request via mapWidths indexing xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: use-after-free in FreeCounter() xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: use-after-free in SyncChangeCounter() xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: out-of-bounds read/write in GLX ChangeDrawableAttributes xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: use-after-free information disclosure in CreateSaverWindow() xorg-x11-server: xorg-x11-server-Xwayland: xorg-x11-server: out-of-bounds heap write in DRI2 DRIGetBuffers/DRIGetBuffersWithFormat
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
GHSA-w34h-746p-3wp3 
An improper authorization vulnerability in daptin through v0.12.34 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read, create, update, and delete usergroup records. The permission check functions (CanRead, CanPeek, CanCreate, CanUpdate, CanDelete, CanRefer) in server/permission/permission.go return true whenever p.UserId equals the requesting userId, but fail to reject the null/zero reference — unlike CanExecute, which explicitly guards it.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.1
CVE-2024-2551 PAN-OS: Firewall Denial of Service (DoS) Using a Specially Crafted Packet
A null pointer dereference vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an unauthenticated attacker to stop a core system service on the firewall by sending a crafted packet through the data plane that causes a denial of service (DoS) condition. Repeated attempts to trigger this condition result in the firewall entering maintenance mode.
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
GHSA-8f99-g2pj-x8w3 Mattermost crashes web clients via a malformed custom status
Mattermost versions 9.6.0, 9.5.x before 9.5.3, 9.4.x before 9.4.5, and 8.1.x before 8.1.12 fail to handle JSON parsing errors in custom status values, which allows an authenticated attacker to crash other users' web clients via a malformed custom status.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVE-2026-58169 Vibe-Trading < 0.1.10 - Loopback Trust and Missing Host Validation Enable DNS-Rebinding Authentication Bypass and Remote Code Execution
Vibe-Trading before 0.1.10 contains a DNS rebinding authentication bypass vulnerability that allows remote attackers to bypass bearer-token authentication by exploiting the server's trust of TCP peer addresses for loopback clients combined with missing Host header validation while binding to 0.0.0.0 with credentialed CORS. Attackers can craft a malicious DNS rebinding page to issue authenticated requests to the local API server, reach the shell execution endpoint with a bash-enabled preset, and achieve remote code execution as the API process user while also overwriting LLM and data-source settings to exfiltrate credentials.
CVSS v4.0 score: 7.7
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2021-25960 SuiteCRM - CSV Injection in Accounts Module
In “SuiteCRM” application, v7.11.18 through v7.11.19 and v7.10.29 through v7.10.31 are affected by “CSV Injection” vulnerability (Formula Injection). A low privileged attacker can use accounts module to inject payloads in the input fields. When an administrator access accounts module to export the data as a CSV file and opens it, the payload gets executed. This was not fixed properly as part of CVE-2020-15301, allowing the attacker to bypass the security measure.
CVSS v3.1 score: 8
CVE-2026-55748 
OpenStack Horizon before 25.7.4 produces scripts for OpenStack RC file downloading that may have a crafted project name with shell metacharacters. NOTE: some parties consider this a security hardening opportunity to address certain types of user error, not a vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6
CVE-2023-1090 WP SMTP Mailing Queue < 2.0.1 - Admin+ Stored XSS
The SMTP Mailing Queue WordPress plugin before 2.0.1 does not sanitise and escape some of its settings, which could allow high privilege users such as admin to perform Stored Cross-Site Scripting attacks even when the unfiltered_html capability is disallowed (for example in multisite setup)
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.8
CVE-2022-34193 
Jenkins Package Version Plugin 1.0.1 and earlier does not escape the name of Package version parameters on views displaying parameters, resulting in a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exploitable by attackers with Item/Configure permission.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.4
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.5
CVE-2026-34063 network-libp2p: Peer can crash the node by opening discovery protocol substream twice
Nimiq's network-libp2p is a Nimiq network implementation based on libp2p. Prior to version 1.3.0, `network-libp2p` discovery uses a libp2p `ConnectionHandler` state machine. the handler assumes there is at most one inbound and one outbound discovery substream per connection. if a remote peer opens/negotiate the discovery protocol substream a second time on the same connection, the handler hits a `panic!(\"Inbound already connected\")` / `panic!(\"Outbound already connected\")` path instead of failing closed. This causes a remote crash of the networking task (swarm), taking the node's p2p networking offline until restart. The patch for this vulnerability is formally released as part of v1.3.0. No known workarounds are available.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-63xg-2ggr-xj5w 
Microsoft Office 2013 SP1 and 2013 RT SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Uninitialized Memory Use Vulnerability."
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.8
GHSA-m9px-qr6p-43cq 
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.5096. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a type confusion condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-6362.
CVSS v3.0 score: 8.8
GHSA-wc7g-r6mj-mjf6 
Buffer overflows in the DNS stub resolver library in ISC BIND 4.9.2 through 4.9.10, and other derived libraries such as BSD libc and GNU glibc, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via DNS server responses that trigger the overflow in the (1) getnetbyname, or (2) getnetbyaddr functions, aka "LIBRESOLV: buffer overrun" and a different vulnerability than CVE-2002-0684.
GHSA-rx8h-33gr-vhj9 Duplicate Advisory: uutils coreutils' comm utility incorrectly consumes data from non-regular file inputs before performing comparison operations
Duplicate AdvisoryThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-3wfc-mgpm-9rq6. This link is maintained to preserve external references.Original DescriptionThe comm utility in uutils coreutils incorrectly consumes data from non-regular file inputs before performing comparison operations. The are_files_identical function opens and reads from both input paths to compare content without first verifying if the paths refer to regular files. If an input path is a FIFO or a pipe, this pre-read operation drains the stream, leading to silent data loss before the actual comparison logic is executed. Additionally, the utility may hang indefinitely if it attempts to pre-read from infinite streams like /dev/zero.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.4
GHSA-jvr3-h63f-grq7 
High-risk TrustAllCerts routines disable standard TLS certificate validation. Combined with hard-coded DES symmetric encryption keys, a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) actor could decrypt network traffic.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.2
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.4
CVE-2006-3740 
Integer overflow in the scan_cidfont function in X.Org 6.8.2 and XFree86 X server allows local users to execute arbitrary code via crafted (1) CMap and (2) CIDFont font data with modified item counts in the (a) begincodespacerange, (b) cidrange, and (c) notdefrange sections.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
GHSA-pvgr-8xjf-6xc3 
The Proofpoint Insider Threat Management Server (formerly ObserveIT Server) is missing an authorization check on several pages in the Web Console. This enables a view-only user to change any configuration setting and delete any registered agents. All versions before 7.11.1 are affected.
GHSA-rcxm-3vgh-r2p3 
The WP-PhotoNav plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's photonav shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-9ww4-wpg6-6q9x 
The Welcart e-Commerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via settings in all versions up to, and including, 2.11.20 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with editor-level permissions and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
CVE-2024-37547 WordPress Elementor Addons by Livemesh plugin <= 8.4.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Livemesh Livemesh Addons for Elementor.This issue affects Livemesh Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 8.4.0.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2023-1315 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Reflected in osticket/osticket
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Reflected in GitHub repository osticket/osticket prior to v1.16.6.
CVSS v3.0 score: 5.4
CVE-2015-2898 
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in Medicomp MEDCIN Engine before 2.22.20153.226 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet on port 8190, related to (1) the SetGroupSequenceEx na_setgroupsequenceex function, (2) the FormatDate julptostr function, and (3) the UserFindingCodes addtocl function.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
CVE-2011-2587 
Heap-based buffer overflow in the DemuxAudioSipr function in real.c in the RealMedia demuxer in VideoLAN VLC media player 1.1.x before 1.1.11 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted Real Media file.
CVSS v2.0 score: 6.8
GHSA-mjxq-qjq6-94vh 
Improper access control in Audio system service prior to SMR Jul-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to send broadcast with system privilege.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.1
GHSA-mwq6-9rww-wmjh 
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file libavcodec/dxtroy.c. The manipulation leads to integer coercion error. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.5
GHSA-jqv9-2w7w-rccv 
On Moxa EDS-G508E, EDS-G512E, and EDS-G516E devices (with firmware through 6.0), denial of service can occur via PROFINET DCE-RPC endpoint discovery packets.
CVE-2025-60697 
A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-882 Router firmware DIR882A1_FW102B02 within the `prog.cgi` and `rc` binaries. The `sub_4438A4` function in `prog.cgi` stores user-supplied DDNS parameters (`ServerAddress` and `Hostname`) in NVRAM via `nvram_safe_set`. These values are later retrieved in the `start_DDNS_ipv4` function of `rc` using `nvram_safe_get` and concatenated into DDNS shell commands executed via `twsystem()` without proper sanitization. Partial string comparison is performed but is insufficient to prevent command injection. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router's web interface.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.3
CVE-2023-7141 code-projects Client Details System update-clients.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Client Details System 1.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/update-clients.php. The manipulation of the argument uid leads to sql injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249144.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.3
CVSS v3.0 score: 4.3
CVSS v2.0 score: 4.7
CVE-2016-3798 
The MediaTek hardware sensor driver in Android before 2016-07-05 on Android One devices allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka Android internal bug 28174490 and MediaTek internal bug ALPS02703105.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 9.3
GHSA-7824-x6vq-p8mj 
An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability [CWE-200] in FortiNAC 9.4.1 and below, 9.2.6 and below, 9.1.8 and below, 8.8.11 and below, 8.7.6 and below may allow an unauthenticated attacker to access sensitive information via crafted HTTP requests.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
CVE-2026-56329 Capgo - Cross-Tenant Preview Namespace Collision via Non-Bijective Underscore Decoding
Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a cross-tenant preview namespace collision vulnerability caused by non-bijective decoding of double underscores to dots in preview hostname parsing. Attackers can register app IDs with underscores that collide with other tenants' dotted app IDs, causing preview misrouting and denial of preview access for victim applications.
CVSS v4.0 score: 5.3
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-4643-vgh5-4r2c 
stonith-ng in pacemaker and cluster-glue passed passwords as commandline parameters, making it possible for local attackers to gain access to passwords of the HA stack and potentially influence its operations. This is fixed in cluster-glue 1.0.6 and newer, and pacemaker 1.1.3 and newer.
GHSA-hmf7-f8gf-8f4p 
A flaw was found in glibc. When the getaddrinfo function is called with the AF_UNSPEC address family and the system is configured with no-aaaa mode via /etc/resolv.conf, a DNS response via TCP larger than 2048 bytes can potentially disclose stack contents through the function returned address data, and may cause a crash.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.5
CVE-2026-1263 Webling <= 3.9.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via 'title' Parameter
The Webling plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.0 due to insufficient input sanitization, insufficient output escaping, and missing capabilities checks in the 'webling_admin_save_form' and 'webling_admin_save_memberlist' functions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject Webling forms and memberlists with arbitrary web scripts that will execute whenever an administrator views the related form or memberlist area of the WordPress admin.
CVSS v3.1 score: 6.4
GHSA-6qxh-rfj3-wfcp 
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in Zenphoto 1.2.5, when the ZenPage plugin is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the category parameter, related to a URI under news/category/.
RHSA-2024:7449 Red Hat Security Advisory: git-lfs security update
encoding/gob: golang: Calling Decoder.Decode on a message which contains deeply nested structures can cause a panic due to stack exhaustion
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.5
GHSA-3hrc-5p23-wrvp 
Use after free in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVE-2021-0336 
In onReceive of BluetoothPermissionRequest.java, there is a possible permissions bypass due to a mutable PendingIntent. This could lead to local escalation of privilege that bypasses a permission check, with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android-8.1Android ID: A-158219161
CVSS v3.1 score: 7.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.2
GHSA-v3rx-h663-g7gx 
Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the (1) myAccount, (2) projects, (3) tasks, (4) tickets, (5) discussions, (6) reports, and (7) scheduler pages in qdPM 8.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in uploads/attachments/ or uploads/users/.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.8
CVE-2013-0886 
Google Chrome before 25.0.1364.99 on Mac OS X does not properly implement signal handling for Native Client (aka NaCl) code, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.
CVSS v2.0 score: 7.5
GHSA-47j5-xg3v-x546 
Directory traversal vulnerability in the App Installation feature in Apple iOS before 8 allows local users to install unverified apps by triggering code-signature validation of an unintended bundle.
CVE-2018-2469 
Under certain conditions SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE), versions 15.7 and 16.0, allows an attacker to access information which would otherwise be restricted.
CVSS v3.0 score: 7.5
CVSS v2.0 score: 5
GHSA-3m3w-vxfv-jm2w 
Open ISES Tickets before 3.44.2 contains hardcoded MySQL database credentials in loader.php (a public-facing database utility) that are committed to the source repository. Any actor with access to the public source tree (or an unauthenticated attacker with read access to the file on a deployed installation) can read the username, password, and database name and use them to connect to the database if it is reachable from their network.
CVSS v4.0 score: 9.2
CVSS v3.1 score: 8.1
CVE-2026-2628 All-in-One Microsoft 365 & Entra ID / Azure AD SSO Login <= 2.2.5 - Authentication Bypass
The All-in-One Microsoft 365 & Entra ID / Azure AD SSO Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication and log in as other users, including administrators.
CVSS v3.1 score: 9.8
GHSA-mcfx-gc63-q26m 
The PayPal Pay Now, Buy Now, Donation and Cart Buttons Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via admin settings in all versions up to, and including, 1.7 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level permissions and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.4
CVE-2025-10150 Webserver crash caused by scanning on TCP port 80
Webserver crash caused by scanning on TCP port 80 in Softing Industrial Automation GmbH gateways and switch.This issue affects

smartLink HW-PN: from 1.02 through 1.03

smartLink HW-DP: 1.31
CVSS v4.0 score: 8.7
CVE-2019-20696 
Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by disclosure of sensitive information. This affects WAC505 before V5.6.8.3 and WAC510 before V5.6.8.3.
CVSS v3.0 score: 9.4
GHSA-g923-8v46-hh4j 
Dell BIOS contains an improper input validation vulnerability. A local authenticated malicious user with administrator privileges may potentially exploit this vulnerability in order to modify a UEFI variable.
CVSS v3.1 score: 5.1
GHSA-5j73-5cp4-445q 
WebKit, as used in Apple iTunes before 10.7, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2012-09-12-1.
CVE-2020-5306 
Codoforum 4.8.3 allows XSS via a post using parameters display name, title name, or content.
CVSS v3.1 score: 4.8
CVSS v2.0 score: 3.5