CGIAR/KikuyuEnglish_translation huggingface dataset:
English: How do I ensure proper insulation in dairy cattle housing to regulate temperature and reduce energy costs?
Kikuyu: Ingīka atīa nīguo gūkorwo na rīera rīega kiugū-inī kīa ng'ombe, nīguo kūhotithia ng'ombe kwaga kūhūthīra hinya mūingī wa kūrūa na ūrugarī ūngīkīra?
English: This can be achieved by using various ways including fans, misters, sprinklers, and cooled waterbeds, to reduce the effect of  thermal stress on cow health, production, and reproduction. 
Kikuyu: Ūndū ūyū ūngīkinyanīra kūhetūkīra njira ngūrani ta kūhūthīra ibīririki, misters, spriklers ona kūhehia kūria ng'ombe ikomaga, marī maūndū ma kūnyihia ūrūgarī ūrīa ūhotomagia ūgima mwega wa mwīrī wa ng'ombe, kwūongerera iria na ūchiari.
English: The houses should also be constructed to allow free flow of air.
Kikuyu: Nyūmba ici ibatiī gwakwo ūndū iretīkeria rīera gūcera wega.
English: What are the considerations for maternity or calving pens in dairy cattle housing?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī maūndū marīkū maroraguo rīrīa ūgwakīra harīa ng'ombe īgūciarīra?
English: The maternity area should be disinfected, well bedded (6 inches), and well-ventilated.
Kikuyu: Mataneti, kana harīa ng'ombe igūciarīra, habatiī gūkorwo hahūrītwo dawa ya kūūraga njamuthi, hakarwo iji ithathatu cia mahuti na riera rīgakorwo nīrīracera wega.
English: The pen should provide 100-150 ft2 for each cow with flooring preferably of sand, dirt, or clay to aid in clean up and footing of the cow
Kikuyu: Nyumba īno ībatiī gūkorwo īrī ya futi 100-150 harī o ng'ombe, nayo floo īkorwo īitītwo mūthanga, tīiri ūtarī mūnyitu kana wa rīumba nīguo kūhotithia ūtherū na ng'ombe kūrūgama wega.
English: How do I optimize space utilization and layout efficiency in dairy cattle housing?
Kikuyu: Ingīka atīa nīguo hote gwakīra ng'ombe kiugū kiega mūgūnda-inī mūnini itekūwananga?
English: Placing cubicles in buildings is an efficient use of space and bedding.
Kikuyu: Cūbicles nī iteithagia kūhūthīra handū hanini na njīra njega.
English: This controls movement of cows within the sheds/cubicles
Kikuyu: Ūndū ūyū nīūteithagia kūbanga mūcerere wa ng'ombe thīinī wa kiungū.
English: What are the options for feed and water management systems in dairy cattle housing?
Kikuyu: Hihi njīra cia kūhingia mabataro ma maaī na irio ciugū-inī cia ng'ombe nī irīkū?
English: The feeding area should be provided with 2 to 2 ½ feet of feeding trough space per cow. 
Kikuyu: Mūharatī wa kūrīra ūbatiī gūkorwo na ithimo cia futi 2 nginya 2.5 o harī ng'ombe.
English: All along the manger, there shall be 10" wide water trough to provide clean available drinking water. 
Kikuyu: Ningī nīgūbatiī gūkorwo na mūharatī ūrī na wariī wa futi ikūmi ūrīa ūrikīragwo maaī matheru hīndī ciothe.
English: The water trough thus constructed will also minimize the loss of fodders during feeding.
Kikuyu: Mūharatī ūyū wa maaī nīūnyihagia wanangī wa mahuti hīndī ya kūrīa.
English: What are the effects of biting insects and related pests on dairy cows?
Kikuyu: Hihi nīmoimerīra marīkū marehagwo nītūtambi twa kūruma ng'ombe cia iria na tūngītuhaana ta tūo?
English: Remove all bedding and equipment before soaking and cleaning. 
Kikuyu: Rūta matandīko ma ng'ombe na indo iria irahūthīka mbere ya gūthambia wega.
English: The nature of the surfaces will influence the efficacy of the disinfection. 
Kikuyu: Ūrīa indo ici ithodeketwo naigūrū nīguo gūkūhotithia dawa ya kūūraga tūtambi kūruta wira wega.
English: Rough, porous surfaces are harder to disinfect than smooth surfaces. Porous surfaces are also harder to clean than smooth surfaces.
Kikuyu: Angīkorwo naigūrū ti kūigananu, na kwīnamarima nogūo itangīhūrīka na dawa wega. Marima nīmagiragia indo kūhurīka wega.
English: A disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide can be used
Kikuyu: Dawa mūthemba wa hydrogen peroxide no ihūthīke.
English: How do I protect dairy cattle housing from pests, such as rodents or insects?
Kikuyu: Hihi īngīgiria atīa nyūmba ya ng'ombe gūthūkio nī nyamū ta mbīya kana tūtambi?
English: Pests such as flies, lice, and mites usually occur on dairy animals at different times throughout the year. 
Kikuyu: Tūtambi ta ngii, ndaa na mites cithīnagia ng'ombe cia iria mahinda matiganīte mwaka-inī.
English: Horn flies, stable flies, horse/deer flies, and others may be found on or around dairy animals. 
Kikuyu: Mīthemba mīingi ya ngii ta horn flies, stable flies o na horse/deer flies nīithīnagia ng'ombe.
English: These flies are blood feeders and occur in the warmer times of the year. 
Kikuyu: Ngii ici inyuaga thakame na cionekaga mūno mwaka-inī rīrīa kūrī na ūrūgarī.
English: Lice are generally found only in the cooler months of the year but are also blood feeders. 
Kikuyu: Ndaa nacio kaingī cionekaga mūno mīeri-inī irīa mīhehū na o nacio inyuaga thakame.
English: Mites on dairy animals include mange mites, which burrow into the skin and into hair follicles or under scabs that form as a result of feeding. 
Kikuyu: Mites iria nī hamwe na mange mites, cienjaga na kwīhitha gothi-inī, itina-inī cia njuīrī kana ironda-inī.
English: Mange mites cause a great deal of irritation to the host animal, and this irritation may result in lowered milk production or reduced growth in replacement heifers.
Kikuyu: Mange mites itūmaga ng'ombe ciīthue mūno na nīūndū ūcio ikanyihia iria, nacio mori igakūra kahora.
English: What are the requirements for milking parlors or areas within dairy cattle housing facilities?
Kikuyu: Nī maūndū marīkū mabatiī kūhingio rīrīa ikamīro rīgwakwo thīiniī wa kiugū kia ng'ombe?
English: The various parts of the milking parlour require special construction materials and methods for ease of cleaning, moisture protection, ventilation, heating, fire protection, noise control, and illumination.
Kikuyu: Ikamīro rībatiī gwakwo na indo cia mwanya nīguo kūhūthia gūthambia, kūnyihia ūgunyu, gūitīkīria rīera gūcera, gūbacīrīra ūrugarī, ūgitīīri kuumana na mwaki, kunyihia inegene na kūrehe ūtheri mūingī.
English: What are the key factors influencing reproductive performance in dairy cattle?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī maūndū marīkū ma bata mangītūma ng'ombe cia iria ikorūo na hinya wa gūciarana?
English: The following factors affect affect reproductive performance- estrous certainty, time of day of detected estrus and insemination, method of thawing semen, ease of cervix penetration, and presence of clear mucus at insemination. 
Kikuyu: Maūndū maya mahutagia uciari wa ng'ombe; kūmenya rīrīa ng'ombe īkwenda ndume, ithaa rīrīa mūrūkī woneka na harīa ng'ombe īheyagīrwo mūbira, njīra īrīa mūbira ūharagīrio mbere ya gwīkirwo thīinī wa ng'ombe, warie wa njīra ya ūciari, na ng'ombe kūruta gīko gītheru īkīheo mbegu.
English: Other important issues include service number, service sire, inseminator, age of cow, maximum ambient temperature on the service date, and milk yield.
Kikuyu: Maūndū mangī mabata nī hamwe na maita marīa ng'ombe īheyagwo mbegu, mūthemba wa ndume, mūheani wa mbegū, ūkūrū wa ng'ombe irīa īraheo mūbira, ūrugarī wa ng'ombe īkīheo mbegū, na iria rīrīa īraruta.
English: The management practices like nutrition,housing and breed(genetic) of the cow and environmental factors also affect the reproduction.
Kikuyu: Ūtungatī ta mīhere ya irio, nyūmba na mūthemba wa ng'ombe na marīa marigicīirie itūra ria kūria ng'ombe īrī, nī mahutagia uhoti wa gūciarana kwa ng'ombe.
English: How do I optimize estrus detection to maximize breeding success in my dairy herd?
Kikuyu: Hihi ingīmenya atīa ihinda rīrīa riagīrīru ria kūhe ng'ombe mbegū nīguo hote kūgacīrithia guciarithania rūūru-inī rwaka?
English: Estrus, commonly known as heat, is the period during which a cow is sexually receptive and can conceive. 
Kikuyu: Rīrīa ng'ombe īronania ndariri cia mūrūki, nīrio īkoragwo īkienda kūheo ndume na noīnyite ihu.
English: This cycle typically lasts for 18-24 hours and occurs roughly every 21 days, although there can be variations among individual cows. 
Kikuyu: Ihinda rīrī rīkoragwo ria mathaa 18-24 na rīcokagīra thutha wa thikū 21, o na gūkorwo no rīcenjie kuuma ng'ombe-inī īmwe nginya īrīa īngī.
English: Detecting estrus accurately is vital because it enables farmers to inseminate the cow at the right time, maximizing the chances of conception.
Kikuyu: Kūmenya wega rīrīa ng'ombe īrenda ndume nīūndū wabata tondū nīgūteithagia mūrīmi kūheithia mbegū ihinda rīrīa riagīrīire na nīūndū ūcio, mīeke ya kūgwatia nīyongererekaga.
English: What are the signs of heat (estrus) in dairy cows, and how often do they come into heat?
Kikuyu: Hihi ndariri cia ng'ombe irenda ndume nī irīkū na nīrī cionanagia mūrūkī?
English: Signs include :Increased Restlessness: Cows in estrus often exhibit restlessness and may walk or pace more than usual. 
Kikuyu: Ndariri cia mūrūkī nī hamwe na; ng'ombe kūgīa na wagagū na noikorwo ikienda gūcera mūno kūrī mūtūgo wacio.
English: Mounting Behavior: Estrous cows may mount other cows or allow themselves to be mounted.
Kikuyu: Mūtugo wa kūhaicīrīra; Ng'ombe irī na mūrūki noihaicīrīre iria ingī kana ona gwītīkīra kūhaicīrīrwo nī ng'ombe ingī.
English: Mucus Discharge: There is often a noticeable discharge from the vulva, which becomes clear, slippery, and stretchy. 
Kikuyu: Kūruta mathambia njau; Kaingī gīko gīkiuma njīra ya ūciari nīkīonekaga, na gībatīī gūkorwo gītheru, gītenderū na kīragūcuka.
English: Reduced Appetite: Some cows experience a decrease in appetite during estrus. 
Kikuyu: Kwaga thuti ya irio; Ng'ombe imwe nīciagaga kūria wega kana kūnyihia mīrire rīrīa īrī na mūrukī.
English: Standing Heat: When pressure is applied to the cow’s back, she stands still, indicating she is in heat and receptive to mating. A farmer should be keen to detect the signs by understanding the behaviours of the cows.
Kikuyu: Gūitīkīra kūrūgama yahutio mūgongo-inī na īkahorera, kwonania atī nī ihinda riayo ria kūheo ndume. Murimi ni abatiī kūmenya mūtugo wa ng'ombe irenda ndume.
English: How do I select suitable sires or bulls for AI to improve genetics and production traits in my dairy herd?
Kikuyu: Hihi īngīmenya atīa ndume iria īrī na maūthi mega mangīhotithia gūthondeka rūūru hamwe na gūteithia ng'ombe ciakwa kuongerere iria?
English: they will select bulls with high milk yield Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA).
Kikuyu: Ndume njega nī iria irī na ūhoti wa gūciara mori irakamwo iria rīingī(Predicted Trasmitting Ability-PTA)
English: Pedigree information is important at breed selection point  tells us about the genetic stock from which the animal is produced. 
Kikuyu: Rūgano rwa bamīrī ya ndume īyo nī rwabata hīndī ya gūcagūra ndume.
English: Data on siblings is more valuable, because this tells us what has been potentially passed down to the individual.
Kikuyu: Riboti ya ciana cia ndume nī ya bata mūno tondū nī ītūonagia na gūtwira kīria ndume īyo iraciarithia kana kūhe mori yacio.
English:  This is known as heritability. 
Kikuyu: Ūū ni kūhītūkia maūndū mega kūrī njiarwa.
English: The best information is gained when the animal has offspring, because this tells us what the animal is capable of passing on to future generation
Kikuyu: Ndumīrīri irīa njega ya ndume yonekaga mori-inī, tondū nīītwīraga kīria yaheire mwarī
English: How do I manage nutrition and feeding practices to optimize reproductive performance in dairy cattle?
Kikuyu: Hihi ingīhota atīa kūgacīrithia mīhere ya irio nīguo ng'ombe ihote gūciarana narua hatarī na ūritū?
English: The high producing dairy cow requires a diet that supplies the nutrient needs for high milk production. 
Kikuyu: Ng'ombe iria irutaga iria rīingi, ibataraga irio irī na ūtonga mūnene wa nutrients nīgwo ithondeka iria.
English: Carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and water are all nutrients required by the lactating dairy cow to meet the demand by the mammary gland to produce milk and milk components.
Kikuyu: Ūtonga ūyū ūrīa nī hamwe na carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, cumbī, vitamins na maaī ūhotithagia ng'ombe guthondeka iria na indo ria ikoragwo iria-inī.
English: What are the most common reproductive disorders in dairy cows, and how do I prevent and manage them?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī mathīna marīkū kaingī mahotomagia ūciari harī ng'ombe cia iria na mangīgirīrīrio atia?
English: Unobserved estrus, ovarian cysts, conception failure, uterine disease, abnormal pregnancy, and observed abortions are common reproductive abnormalities in dairy cows. 
Kikuyu: Mūrūkī ūtareyonania ,ovarian cysts, kwaga kūgwatia, mīrimū ya nyūngū ya mwana, ihu rītarī ria ndūire, ona kūhuna nī mamwe ma mathīna ma ūciara ma ng'ombe cia iria.
English: These disorders may be controlled effectively with improved management practices and appropriate administration of pharmacological and biological agents.
Kikuyu: Mathīna maya mangīrigīrīrio na njīra ya ūtungata mwega wa ng'ombe na kūhūthīra dawa.
English: How do I ensure proper timing and technique for AI to increase conception rates in dairy cattle?
Kikuyu: Ingīka atīa nīguo menye ihinda na njīra njega cia kūhe AI ikūhotithia ng'ombe ciakwa kūgwatīa?
English: the onset of estrus has been considered the best timing for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, that is, 6 to 24 h from the first signs of estrus. 
Kikuyu: Mathaa matandatū nginya mīrongo īrī na mana thutha wa kūona ndariri cia ngo'mbe kwenda ndūme nīrio ihinda riria rīega ria kūmīhe mūbira.
English: However, recent findings suggest this interval should be reduced to 16 to 6 h before ovulation, bringing it closer to the end of estrus
Kikuyu: O na kūrī ūguo, ūmenyo wa ica ikuhī oronania atī ihinda rīu rīagīrīirūo kūnyiha kuuma mathaa 16 nginya 6 mbere ya ihinda rīa kuura, na ūndū ūcio ūgatūma ihinda rīrī rīkuhīrīrie ithaa rīrīa mūrūkī ūthiragīra.
English: How do I manage and monitor pregnancy in dairy cows to ensure successful outcomes?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī maūndū marīkū ingīka makūrehe ūhotani ūtungata-inī wa ng'ombe cia iria rīria irī na mahu?
English: Early identification of non-pregnant dairy cows and heifers post breeding can improve reproductive efficiency and pregnancy rate by decreasing the interval between AI services and increasing AI service rate.
Kikuyu: Kūmenya tene ng'ombe iria itarī na mahu na mori thutha wa gūcihe mūbira no kūrehe ūhotani wa gūciarithia kaingī na njīra ya kūnyihia ihinda riria ng'ombe yoyaga kuuma yaheo mūbira nginya ūria ūngī
English: Return to estrus from 18 to 24 days after AI is often considered by dairy farmers the easiest and least costly method for determining non pregnancy in dairy cattle early post breeding.
Kikuyu: Arīmi monaga atī rīrīa ng'ombe yonania mūrūkī rīngī thikū 18 nginya 24 thutha wa kūheyo mūbira tarīyo njīra iria hūthū na ya raithi ya kūmenya kana ng'ombe nīciagwatīīrie.
English: What are the nutritional requirements for pregnant dairy cows, and how do I adjust feeding strategies accordingly?
Kikuyu: Nī irio irīkū ibataranagia kūrī ng'ombe ina mahu na nī njīra īrīkū ingīhūthīra gūcenjia mūrīre wacio?
English: As mature cows move from mid to late gestation, they need a 20 percent increase in crude protein intake and 16 percent increase in total digestible nutrient intake to keep up with increasing fetal growth. 
Kikuyu: O ūrīa ng'ombe īrakuhīrīria gūciara, hebata gūcīongerera mūigana wa protein na gīcunjīgia 20%  na mūigana wa 16% wa irio iria ithīīkaga naihenya nīguo gūcīhotithia gūtwarana na gūkūra kwa naihenya kwa njaū iria irī ndaa.
English: This need for additional nutrients is magnified once a cow calves and must produce milk for a calf
Kikuyu: Bata ūyū wa kuongerera irio makīria wīyonanagia wega thutha wa ng'ombe gūciara nīguo īhote kūruta iria ria njaū.
English: How do I manage calving and parturition to minimize complications and ensure calf health?
Kikuyu: Ingīhota atīa gūciarithia ng'ombe wega nīguo nyihie moritū marīa mangīoneka nayo njaū īciarwo īna ūgima mwega wa mwīrī?
English: Close observation of labor is necessary to determine when or whether a delivery should be assisted. 
Kikuyu: Kūrora wega ndariri cia gūciara nī gwabata nīūndū nīgūteithagia kūmenya kama ng'ombe nīgūbatara gūteithio gūthukuuma njaū.
English: CCTV or sensor alerts can be invaluable in this process. 
Kikuyu: CCTV kana sensor alerts noikorwo īrī ciabata ūndū-inī ūyū.
English: Labor is divided into three stages:Stage 1 begins with uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix and ends with passage of the amnion and part of the fetus into the vagina. This stage may last 1–24 hours; 1–4 hours is normal.
Kikuyu: Gūtangīka rīrīa ng'ombe īraciara kūgayanagio na marūngo matatū; Kīrūngo kia mbere kiambagīrīria nyūngū ya mwana yambīrīria kūhinyīrīrīka, njīra ya ūciri īkaarama na mūthia mathambia njaū magaitīka. Ūūndū ūyū no woye kuuma ithaa rimwe nginya mīrongo irī na īna, no kaingī rioyaga ithaa rīmwe nginya mathaa mana.
English: Stage 2 is characterized by abdominal contractions due to presence of the fetus in the vaginal canal and ends with expulsion of the fetus through the vulva. Birth should be expected within 1–4 hours for heifers. 
Kikuyu: Kīrūngo gia kerī; Rīrī nī ihinda ria ndaa kūhinyīrīrīka nīūndū wa njaū gūkorwo īrī thīinī wa njīra ya ūciari, ng'ombe īgathukuuma nginya njaū īkauma. Kaingī mori nīciaraga ithaa-inī rīmwe nginya mana.
English: A mature cow should calve in < 3 hours if presentation of the calf is normal; if no progress is evident within 1 hour, assistance may be required.Inappropriate intervention or social-group stresses may disrupt labor. 
Kikuyu: Ng'ombe ngūrū noyage gūkīria mathaa matatū angīkorwo njaū nīīkaire wega, no angīkorwo hatirī ūgarūrūkū ūkuoneka thutha wa ithaa rīmwe, nīwega kūmīteithia. Ūteithio ūtarī wabata no ūhīngīce ūciari.
English: Appropriately timed calving strategies are based on the need to minimize social-group changes at the point of calving, because these social changes are associated with challenges to the intake of dry-matter feed, as well as disrupted labor and increased risk of stillbirth.
Kikuyu: Mūtaratara mwega wa gūciarithia ng'ombe nī ūrīa ūtarutaga ng'ombe īyo gīkundi-inī kīrīa īmenyerete yakūhīrīria gūciara nīūndū nīītangīkaga makīria, īkaremwo kūrīa, ona no īhūne.
English: Stage 3 is expulsion of the fetal membranes and the initiation of uterine involution. The fetal membranes normally are expelled within 12 hours after parturition.
Kikuyu: Kīrūngo gia gatatū; Mūthia, ng'ombe īcokaga kūrekia thigira wothe mathaa-inī ikūmi na mere thutha wa gūciara.
English: What are the best practices for colostrum management and feeding newborn calves?
Kikuyu: Nī njīra irīkū njega cia kūiga gīthana na kūhe njaū ya gūciarwo?
English: The first feed of colostrum should be at least three litres. This should be fed within the first two hours of birth.
Kikuyu: Irio cia mbere cia njaū nī gīthana na yagīrīire kūnyua kuuma rita ithatū mathaa-inī merī kuuma yaciarwo.
English:  This provides the calf with immunity to disease before pathogenic organisms can become established in the calf's gut.
Kikuyu: Gīthana kīheyaga njaū hinya wa kūīgitīra kuunama na mīrimū mbere ya njamuthi ciingīrīte mara-inī na nda.
English: How do I prevent and manage dystocia (difficult calving) in dairy cows?
Kikuyu: Ingīka atīa kūrigīrīria thīna wa ng'ombe kūgiīka na kūremwo nī gūciara?
English: A combination of culling heifers with small pelvic areas and using bulls that sire calves with small birth weights may decrease dystocia substantially.
Kikuyu: Njīra īmwe ya kūrigīrīria mathīna ma guciara nī kweheria mori iria irī na cīiga nini rūūru-inī, na kerī, kūhūthīra ndume iria iciaraga njaū itarī na ūritū mūnene.
English: Positioning of the cow on her right side allows the frontward calf to enter the pelvis of the cow relatively straight.
Kikuyu: Ningīgūkomia ng'ombe rīrīa īraciara na mwena wa ūrio nīgūteithagia njau īingīre mahīndī-ini īrūngīrīirie gūkanyihia thīna wa kūremwo nīgūciara.
English:  In a difficult delivery, this is important. 
Kikuyu: Ūyū nīūndū wabata kūgeria rīrīa ng'ombe īkūremwo gūciara.
English: Type and amount of traction should be no more than the force of one person per leg and the direction of pull should be straight out
Kikuyu: Ūritū wa kūgucīa njaū ndwagīrīirūo gūkorūo ūrī mūnene gūkīra hinya wa mūndū ūmwe anyitīte kūgūrū na īgūcio ītegūkūjwo
English: What are the risks associated with retained placenta in dairy cattle, and how do I address them?
Kikuyu: Nī mogwati marīkū monekaga rīrīa ng'ombe yaga kūgūithia thigira, na ingīhiūrania na thīna ūyū atīa?
English: Cows with retained fetal membranes are at increased risk of metritis, displaced abomasum, mastitis, ketosis, and early-lactation culling.
Kikuyu: Rīrīa ng'ombe itagūithītie thigira, ikoragwo mogwati-inī makūnyitwo nī mīrimū ta kūimba nyūngū ya mwana, displaced abomasum, mūrimū wa mūkamo, ketosis ona gūtiga gūkamwo tene.
English: Cows may experience negative impacts on fertility in the subsequent lactation.
Kikuyu: Ningī ng'ombe no igīe na moritū ma kūgwatia mahinda moku.
English: Always seek your veterinarian's advice on treating cows with retained placenta as the condition can deteriorate into a life-threatening one in a very short period of time. 
Kikuyu: Aranīria na ndagītarī wa mahiū rīrīa ng'ombe yaku īkwaga kūgūithia thigira nīūndū ng'ombe noīkue thutha wa kahinda kanini.
English: It is usually not necessary to manually remove the placenta; however, your veterinarian can advise you better after examining the animal.
Kikuyu: Kaingī hatirī bata wa kuruta thigira na moko hatarī ūtari wa ndagītarī wa mahiū thutha wa gūthūrima ng'ombe.
English: How do I manage reproductive health in dairy heifers to optimize future fertility and productivity?
Kikuyu: Ingīka atīa nīguo ngīe na mori irī na ūgima mwega wa mwīrī ūtekūhotomia ūciari kana ona umithio wa cio?
English: There are a number of key areas for improving fertility management these include:
Kikuyu: Nī kūrī maūndū maigana ūna ma bata marīa mangītūma ūciari wa mori ndūkahotome, marīa nī hamwe na;
English: i) genetic selection (including improved phenotypes for use in breeding programmes), 
Kikuyu: I) Gūthuura ng'ombe njega cia gūciarithania
English: ii) nutritional management (including transition cow management), 
Kikuyu: ii) Kūgacīrithia mīrīre ya ng'ombe ona rīrīa itegūkamwo irī na mahu
English: iii) control of infectious disease
Kikuyu: iii) Kūgitīra mori kuumana na mīrimū ya kūgwatania.
English: What are the recommended vaccination protocols to prevent reproductive diseases in dairy cattle?
Kikuyu: Nī mītaratara īrīku ya njajo yagīrīire kūrūmīrīrwo nīguo īteithie kūgitīra ng'ombe kūrwara mīrimū īrīa īhotomagia ūciari?
English: To help ensure safety in pregnant cattle, heifers must receive at least 2 doses of any BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FPor PREGGUARD GOLD FP vaccine with the second dose administered approximately 30 days prebreeding. 
Kikuyu: Nīguo kūgitīra ng'ombe irī mahu, nīwega irī mori gūcihe njajo igīrī cia BOVI SHIELD GOLD FP kana PREGGUARD GOLD FP. Njajo ya kerī īrūmīrīre thikū 30 mbere ya mori kūheo mūbira.
English: Always consult your veterinarian expert
Kikuyu: Hebata wa kūūria ndagītarī wa mahiū agūtare.
English: What are the best strategies for training farm personnel on proper record-keeping practices?
Kikuyu: Nī mītaratara īrīkū mīagīrīru ya kūruta mūrīmi kūiga rekodi wega?
English: Recording keeping should be kept simple. This can include Paper – ” method, pen and paper or notebook, ledger book specific to production and/or financial records. 
Kikuyu: Rekodi ciagiriirwo kūigwo kwa njīra hūthū ta njīra ya karamu na karatathi kana kabuku, ledger cia ūrīmi kana recodi cia wonjoria.
English: This method requires more time with potential errors, but is favorable to farmers not familiar with computers and small holder farmers. 
Kikuyu: Njīra ici nīihūthīraga mahinda maingī na rīngī ikagīa mahītia no nī njīra njagīrīru kūrī arīmi arīa matarī na ūmenyo wa kūhūthīra computer na arīmi arīa anini.
English: Minor costs associated with this method. 
Kikuyu: Ningī njīra īno ya kūiga rekodi ndīrī ngarama nene.
English: Electronic – spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel Google Sheets, etc.), however, the farmer must have a basic knowledge of computers, time to learn the software, design the form, and enter the receipts correctly. 
Kikuyu: Njīra iyo ingī nī kūhūthīra mītambo ya kompiuta ona gūtuīka mūrīmi no nginya akorwo na ūmenyo wa kūhūthīra kompiuta, ona mathaa ma gūthondeka fomu na kūihūria rīthiti atekūhītia.
English: There may be varying costs associated with an electronic method.
Kikuyu: Njīra īno ya kūiga rekodi na kompiuta īkoragwo na ngarama itiganīte.