CGIAR/KikuyuEnglish_translation huggingface dataset:
English: How to manage a brooding hen?
Kikuyu: Hihi ingītungata atia ngūkū ikomereirie?
English: A broody hen should be separated from the flock to prevent other hens from disturbing her.
Kikuyu: Ngūkū īkomereirie ībatīī gūtigithūkanio na ngūkū iria ingī nīguo itikamīthīnie.
English: Keep the hen in a separate nest with free access to fresh water and feed within a short distance
Kikuyu: Nīwega kūmīakīra gītara kīikarītie kīhandū īgūkinyīra maaī na irio ītegūthiī mūno
English: What is brooding?
Kikuyu: Gūkomereria nī gwīka atia?
English: This is the habit of birds sitting on eggs in the nests. It appears in flocks in case of stress or when they are underweight
Kikuyu: Ūyū nī mūtugo wa ngūkū gūikarīra matūmbī gītara-inī. Mūtugo ūyū wonekaga rīrīa ngūkū iratangīka kana ona rīrīa igūithītie ūritū wacio.
English: How to avoid broodiness?
Kikuyu: Hihi tūngīgiria atia ngūkū mūtugo wa kwenda gūkomera?
English: Prevent floor laying.
Kikuyu: Nīwega kūgiria ngūkū kūrekeria thī.
English: Close nest in the evening (4 hours to lights out).
Kikuyu: Hinga itara cia kūrekeria hwai-inī, mathaa mana mbere ya ndūma kūingīra.
English: Collect eggs 4-6 times a day.
Kikuyu: Ūngania matūmbī maita mana nginya matandatū o mūthenya.
English: Avoid leaving broody hens to brood on the floor to stop the spread of the behavior.
Kikuyu: Ndūgatige ngūkū ironania kwenda gūkomera ikomererie matūmbī thī nīguo mūtugo ūyū ndūkaiyukio nī ngūkū ingī.
English: Avoid high stocking densities which compromises feeder and drinker space per bird.
Kikuyu: Ndūgakīrie namba ya ngūkū iria ciagīrīire harī kīūmba nīguo ītikahatīkane īkīria na īkīnyua.
English: Make a broody pen. For a 300 sq. m. house the dimension of the pen should be 1sq m. this is enough to accommodate up to 5 birds.
Kikuyu: Thondeka gītara gia gūkomereria. Kīūmba kia ūnene wa 300 sq M kīrabatara gītara kia ūnene wa mita imwe kwa imwe kīrīa kīngīhūthīrwo nīngūkū ithano.
English: How to improve survival rates of chicks (Brooding)
Kikuyu: Tūngīhota atīa kūongerera uhoti wa tūcui gūkūra?
English: Brooding is rearing of chicks until they are able to survive on their own
Kikuyu: Brooding nī kūrera njui nginya rīrīa ikahota kwīikaria.
English: Chicks should be protected from excess heat and cold, starvation, dehydration, predators and rodents
Kikuyu: Njui ibataiī kūgitīrwo kuumana na ūrūgarī mwīngī na heho, kūhūta, kūnyota, ona nyamū ingīcirīa.
English: Which types of brooding exist?
Kikuyu: Hihi njui itūrīkithagio na njīra irīkū?
English: Artificial and natural brooding
Kikuyu: Kwī njīra ya kīīrīu na ya ndūire.
English: What is natural brooding?
Kikuyu: Hihi njīra ya ndūire nī īrīkū?
English: A broody hen rears the hatched chicks (providing heat and help them to get food)
Kikuyu: Ngūkū yarīkia gūkomereria na njui igacarīkio, īcokaga kūrera njui icio na njīra ya gūcigitīra heho na gūciteithia gwetha irio.
English: Put food and clean water near the chicks
Kikuyu: Igīra njui irio na maaī matheru.
English: Protect the chicks from predators and rodents using improvised devices
Kikuyu: Gitīra njui kuumana na nyamū ingīcirīa ūkīhūthīra indo cia gūcingatithia.
English: To reduce deaths, house the hen and chicks in the hut at night, put them in enclosures during the day with quality protein feed
Kikuyu: Nīguo kūnyihia ikuo, njui na nyina ihingirwo ciūmba-inī, ningī ona kūrī mūthenya, ihingīrwo na iheo irio irī na protein njega.
English: What is artificial brooding?
Kikuyu: Hihi njīra ya ūreri wa tūcui ya kīīrīu nī īrīkū?
English: Can be used to rear day-old chicks
Kikuyu: Njīra īno no īrūmīrīrwo kūrera njui irī na ūkūrū wa kuuma mūthenya wa mbere.
English: The following can be used to provide heat: 1. Charcoal jiko: one is adequate for 500 chicks 2. Kerosene lamp: one is adequate for 50 chicks 3. Hay box or Baskets 4. Electricity: one infra-red lamp for 250 chicks or 60-100 watt
Kikuyu: Indo ici no iharīrio nīguo ihe njui ūrūgarī: 1. Njiko ya makara; imwe nī njiganu harī njui magana matano. 2. Tawa wa maguta; ūmwe harī njui mīrongo ītano. 3. Ithandūkū ria nyeki kana mbaketi. 4. Thitima; ngirobu īmwe ya 60-100 watts ya ūtheri mūtune harī njui magana merī ma mīrongo ītano.
English: How to monitor temperature in the chicken house?
Kikuyu: ūngīhota atīa kūramata ūrugarī kīūmba-inī kia ngūkū?
English: Temperature above the floor should be kept at 32oC for the first week, and then lowered by 4oC for each week up to the 4th week
Kikuyu: Ūrūgarī wagīrīirwo kūigwo ūrī gīthimo-inī kia 32oC wiki ya mbere, ūgacoka ūgathiī ūkīnyihagio na gīthimo kia 4oC o wiki nginya wiki ya kana.
English: Observe the reaction of chicks to the heat
Kikuyu: Hebata kūrora kana njui neiratangīka nīūgarūrūku ūyū wa ūrugarī.
English: At correct brooding temperatures, chicks are evenly spread within the brooder ring
Kikuyu: Rīrīa ūrugarī ūrī ithimi-inī iria ciagīrīire, njui ikoragwo ihūrunjūkīte wega thīinī wa haria irarererwo.
English: At low temperature they crowd around the heat source
Kikuyu: No kūngīkorwo kūrī na heho, njui icokanagīrīra ikarigicīria kīhumo kia ūrugarī.
English: At high temperature the chicks will move away from the heat source
Kikuyu: Ūrugarī ūngīkīra, njui cieheragīra kīhumo kiagūo.
English: How to hatch many chicks at once?
Kikuyu: Hihi ingītūrīkia njui nyingī hamwe atīa?
English: Either broody hen or broody duck can be used to achieve this:
Kikuyu: Nīguo ūndū ūyū ūhinge, ngūkū kana mbata irenda gūkomera no ihūthīrwo.
English: Broody hen can be used to sit on up to 15 eggs continuously for at least 2 times by removing hatched chicks every time they hatch and replacing them with new eggs
Kikuyu: Ngūkū no ikomererie matumbī ikūmi na matano irūmanīrīirie maita merī kwa njīra ya kūmiehereria njui na kūmīigīra matūmbī mangī.
English: Ducks can sit on 30-35 eggs and can be used for up to 6 consecutive times
Kikuyu: Mbata no ikomererie matumbī mīrongo ītatu nginya mīrongo ītatū na matano, na noīrūmanīrīrie gūkomereria maita matandatū.
English: Turkey can raise up to 50 chicks
Kikuyu: Mbata mūcinga noīrere njui mīrongo ītano.
English: Hatching many chicks around the same time makes it easy to feed, vaccinate and sell
Kikuyu: Gūcarīkia tūcui tūingī hamwe nīkūhūthagia mīhere ya irio, kūhe njajo ona kwendia.
English: When hens that start laying within the same week get broody, the first hen to become broody can be delayed by being given one (1) egg to sit on. 
Kikuyu: Rīrīa ngūkū iria ciambīrīirie kūrekia kahinda ga kiumia-inī kīmwe ciambīrīria kūonania kwenda gūkomera, ngūkū īrīa īkuonania īrī ya mbere no īhenererio na njīra ya kūmīigīra itumbī rīmwe.
English: This is repeated for second, third, fourth so that all hens are set on one day
Kikuyu: ūndū ūyū ūcokagīrio kūrī ngūkū ya kerī, ya gatatū, ona ya kana, nīguo ngūkū ciothe iharīrio na ciigīrwo matumbī ikomererie ihinda-inī rīmwe.
English: When ready to set, get rid of all the dummy eggs
Kikuyu: Warīkia kūharīria, eheria matumbī mothe mahūthīkīte gūcihenereria.
English: What is the correct size of a laying and broody nests?
Kikuyu: Hihi itara cia kūrekeria na gūkomereria ibataiī gūkorwo na ūnene ūrīkū?
English: A nest box measuring 30 x 30 x 30 cm is enough for 5 layers. Place in a wind free area
Kikuyu: Gītara kīmwe kīrīa kīngīhūthīrwo nī ngūkū ithano gībatiī gūkorwo na ithimo cia sentimita 30 x 30 x 30. Gībatiī kūigwo handū hatakinyaga rūhuho.
English: It is advisable to place the laying nests in the dark part of the house to prevent exposure to the sun
Kikuyu: Nīwega kūiga itara cia kūrekeria handū harīa he nduma thīiniīwa kīūmba kia ngūkū handū riūa rītarakinya
English: A calabash or nest basket may measure 40 x 20 x 25 cm (upper diameter x height x lower diameter). A clay pot is made more or less the same as calabash
Kikuyu: Gītara gia kīihūri kana ona giakītwo na kiondo no gīkorwo na ithimo cia 40cm x 20cm x 25cm. Gītara kia nyungū no kīhanane na gia kīihūri.
English: Any nest material should be removed and burnt after every brood to kill parasites and get rid of diseases especially those made of grass and wood shavings
Kikuyu: Itara ciothe, makīria iria ithondeketwo na nyeki na maranda, no mūhaka ikarutwo na igacinwo o thutha wa ngūkū gūcarīkia tūcui nīguo kūūraga tūgunyū na kūnina mīrimū.
English: Avoid building nests on the ground outside the chicken houses as eggs outside houses are more exposed to predators and thieves
Kikuyu: Ndūgathondeke itara njaa ya ciūmba cia ngūkū nīūndū matumbī no marīo nī nyamū kana ona maiyūo
English: Nests should be placed inside the chicken house and preferably above the ground (1 for every 5 hens)
Kikuyu: Nīwega gwaka itara thīinī wa kīūmba kia ngūkū na makīria handū igūrū (gītara kīmwe harī o ngūkū ithano)
English: Nests should be of the right size for the hen to feel comfortable
Kikuyu: Gītara kiagīrīire gūkorwo gīkīnene ūndū ngūkū īkwīganīra ītarī nathīna.
English: Don’t give food while the hen is in the nest
Kikuyu: Ndūkahe ngūkū irio irī thīinī wa gītara.
English: The first eggs should not be collected or used for hatching
Kikuyu: Matumbī ma mbere matibatie kūrūtwo itara-inī kana ona kūigīrwo hīndī ya gūkomereria.
English: What is a Brooder?
Kikuyu: Hihi bruda nīkīī?
English: A brooder is a special room designed to provide optimal conditions for the growth and development of the day-old chicks in the first three weeks of their lives.
Kikuyu: Bruda nī handū ha mwanya hathondekagwo harongoreirio gūteithia tūcui twa kuuma ūkūrū wa thikū imwe nginya wiki ithatū gūkūra wega.
English: What are the qualities of a good brooder?
Kikuyu: Hihi maūthī ma bruda njega nī marīkū?
English: A good brooder should have the following: 1) Optimum Temperature (start 34o C at the end 28o C) 2) Good Ventilation (oxygen) 3) Optimum light 4) Adequate space (30 to 40 birds per sq. m)
Kikuyu: Bruda njega ībatiī gūkorwo na maūndū maya: 1). Ūrugarīūrīa wagīrīire wakwambīrīria gīthimo kia 34oC nginya 28oC hīndīya kūrīkīrīria, 2).  Rīera rīega (oxygen), 3). Ūtheri wa kūigana, 4). Handū hanene kwūigana (ngūkū mīrongo ītatū nginya mīrongo īna harīo mita īmwe kwa īmwe)
English: What to consider when constructing a brooder?
Kikuyu: Nī maūndū marīkū wagīrīirūo nī gwīciria ūhoro wamo rīrīa ūraaka bruda?
English: A safe, warm shelter is crucial for raising chicks. A round, wood-shavings filled brooder with a heat source like a jiko ensures their comfort and growth.
Kikuyu: Ūgītīīri na ūrugarīnīmaūndū mabata mīrerere-inīya njui. Bruda yagīrīirwo gwakwo īgīthiūrūrī, īkarwo maranda, na kīhumo kīa ūrugarī gīgekīrwo ta njiko nīguo njui ikūre wega ītegūtangīka.
English: What are perches?
Kikuyu: Hihi ngathīnīkīī?
English: Perches are poles suspended at about 40 cm from the floor for birds to rest on especially at night. They are useful in reducing aggression. The distance between perches should be 40cm and the perch space should be 5 – 10 cm for each bird.
Kikuyu: Ūyū nī mwako wa mītī īcūrītīo ūraihu wa sentimita 40 kuuma thīī thīinī wa kīaga harīa ngūkū ciūmbaga rīrīa ikwenda kūhurūka makīria ūtukū. Mītī īno yagīrīire gūtaganio na warīe wa sentimita 40 na cio ngūkū igatinganīra sentimita 5 nginya 10.
English: What is pecking?
Kikuyu: Gūkanya nī gwīka atīa?
English: When an egg is laid, there is extraversion of the oviduct with high light intensity and poor nest quality; the protruded oviduct can be pecked by other birds causing death.
Kikuyu: Riria ngūkū īrarekia itumbī, njīra ya ūciari nīyumanaga nanja na nīūndū wa ūgwo, kūngīkorwo kūrī na ūtheri mūingī gītara-inī gītarī gīake wega, ngūkū ingī no imīkanyekanye na gūcūngīrīria gīkūo kia ngūkū īyo.
English: How do you prevent pecking?
Kikuyu: Hihi gūkanya kūngīrigīrīrio atia?
English: Use artificial lights with warm colors.
Kikuyu: Hūthīra matawa marī na ūtheri mūthaka.
English: Control light intensity.
Kikuyu: Nyihia kana wongerere ūtheri ūria kwagīrīire.
English: Shade open-sided houses.
Kikuyu: īkīra kīruru ciaga-inī iria itarī ngirimanie mīena.
English: Provide comfortable nests in the right location and numbers.
Kikuyu: Iga itara njega cia kūigana haria ciagīrīire thīinī wa ciaga.
English: Install perches in the production house.
Kikuyu: Thondeka mītī ya kūūmbwo nī ngūkū thīinī wa kiaga kīrīa ūgūcirerera.
English: Avoid feed deficiency and under consumption.
Kikuyu: Nīwega kwaga kūhūtia ngūkū.
English: Provide enough feeder space.
Kikuyu: Nīngī mīharatī ya kūrīra īkorwo arī mīiganu.
English: Ensure a rapid feed distribution system.
Kikuyu: Tigīrīra wīna mūtaratara mwega wa gūita irio mīharaatī-inī naihenya.
English: Avoid crumble and pellet feeds (takes a short time to consume).
Kikuyu: Ndūkahe irio ihana hangarata nīūndū cioyaga ihinda rīnini kūrīka
English: Avoid stress, parasites (internal and external) and enteritis.
Kikuyu: Ehereria ngūkū mītangīko, igūnyū iria irī thīinī wa mwīrī ona igūrū kana ona mīrīmu ta mūthemba ūria ūtūmaga mara maimbe
English: Provide good quality litter to keep birds occupied
Kikuyu: Ita matandīko mega mekūiga ngūkū na mīhang'o ya kūhūria.
English: De-beak properly
Kikuyu: Renga mīkanye wega.
English: What is smothering?
Kikuyu: Smothering nī gūika atīa?
English: It is the crowding together of floor-reared (deep litter) pullets, which may lead to piling, suffocation and death.
Kikuyu: Gūkū nī gūcokanīrīra kwa ngūkū iria ireragīrwo ciaga-inī iria citagwo mahuti na itarī ngayanie, ūndū ūngītūma ithondeke hība, iremwo nī kūhuhia, o na ikue.
English: How to monitor for signs of illness in chicken?
Kikuyu: Hihi ndariri cia ngūkū ndwaru imenyekaga atia?
English: Keep an eye out for any unusual behavior or changes in the appearance of your chickens, as these could be signs of illness.
Kikuyu: Ikara ūkīroraga mītugo ītarī ya ndūire kana ūgarūrūkū wa ūrīa ngūkū ihana, nīūndū ici noikorwo arī ndariri cia mūrimū.
English: If you suspect that your chickens are sick, it’s important to isolate them and seek veterinary treatment as soon as possible.
Kikuyu: Angīkorūo nīūkuona ngūkū ciaku irī na mūrimū, nī ūndū wa bata gūcieherania na iria ingī itarī ndwaru na ūcoke ūcarie ūteithio wa ndagītarī wa mahiū naihenya o ūrīa kūngīhoteka.
English: Why do we need to practice good biosecurity measures?
Kikuyu: Hihi gītūmi gīa gūthingatithia ugitīīri wa kīmerera nī kīrīkū?
English: To prevent the spread of diseases, it’s important to quarantine any new birds before introducing them to your existing flock and to avoid mixing birds from different sources
Kikuyu: Nīgetha kūrigīrīria gūtherema kwa mīrimū. He bata kwamba kūiga keheri-inī ngūkū o yothe ng'eni mbere ya kūmīingīria kūrī iria ingī na ningī gwīthema gūtukania ngūkū kuuma ihumo itiganīte.
English: How to handle sick chicken?
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ndwaru ītungatagwo atīa?
English: Sick chicken are usually treated using drugs given in feed or drinking water. This is given to all the chickens in the production unit (both sick and healthy)
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ndwaru īthondekagwo na dawa īkīrītwo irio-inī kana maaī-inī ma kūnyua. Dawa īno īheagwo ngūkū ciothe irī thīinī wa kīaga, ndwaru na itarī ndwaru.
English: How to give medicine to sick chicken?
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ndwaru iheagwo dawa atīa?
English: Mixing drugs with feed should be avoided as sick chickens always lose appetite and are too weak to compete for feed with healthy chickens
Kikuyu: Gūtukania dawa na irio gūtiagīrīire nīūndū ngūkū dwaru nīīremagwo kūrīa wega, na itirī na hinya wa gūcindana na iria itarī ndwaru.
English: Increase in total feed consumption due to other factors increases total intake of all feed ingredients, including drugs
Kikuyu: Gūkorwo ikīrīa irio nyingī nīūndū wa maūndū mangī matiganīte,nīgūteithagia kūhe mwīrī indo cia bata iria ithondekete irio na ningī dawa īrīa yongereirwo.
English: Water medication should be used since sick chickens would continue drinking water even when not eating
Kikuyu: Kūhe dawa īrī maaī-inī nī kwa bata nīūndū ngūkū ona īrī ndwaru no īnyuaga maaī.
English: Medicating all the chickens is useful in putting the disease in check until the chickens develop strong immunity to overcome infections
Kikuyu: Kūhe ngūkū dawa irī ciothe nī kwa bata nīguo kūgirīrīria mūrimū, nginya ihote gwīthondekera ūgitīīri wa kūhota kūrūa na mīrimū.
English: Vaccines should only be given in non-treated (non-chlorinated or distilled) water, as chlorine or other sanitizing agents can destroy vaccines
Kikuyu: Dawa cia njanjo ciagīrīirwo gwīkīrwo maaī-inī matarī na dawa ta chlorine kana kīndū kīngī gīa kūraga njamuthi nīūndū no imīthūkie.
English: Avoid giving vaccine in water or feed for free-ranging chickens as it is not easy for chickens to consume the right dosage. Instead use eye/nostril drops
Kikuyu: Wītheme kūhe njanjo īrī maaī-inī kūrī ngūkū itarī cia kūhingīrwo nīundū nociage kūnyua gīthimi kīrīa kīagīrīire.Na ithenya-inī rīu ūihe na njīra ya gūtatīria ritho kana iniūrū.
English: Increased water intake during hot weather may lead to overconsumption of water medication, while cold weather may result in reduced water intake and thus under dosage of water medication
Kikuyu: Kūnyua maaī maingī hīndī ya ūrugarī no gūcūngīrīrie kūnyūa dawa nyingī gūkīra gīthimi na ningī kūnyua maaī manini nīundū wa heho no gūtūme ngūkū īnyue dawa nini gūkīra gīthimi kīrīa kīagīrīire.
English: If natural sources of water are available the intake by some chicken from the trough may be light
Kikuyu: Angīkorwo ihumo cia kīmerera cia maaī ciīkuo, no igirie ngūkū īnyue maaī ma mūharatī wega.
English: How do healthy chickens appear?
Kikuyu: Hihi ngūkū īrī ūgima mwega wa mwīrī īkoragwo īhana atīa?
English: Externally they are clean, alert and on guard
Kikuyu: īkīoneka nī theru, īikaraga īiguīte na īhūgīte.
English: Have bright eyes
Kikuyu: īkoragwo na maitho matheru.
English: Their comb and wattles are pink
Kikuyu: Kīrera nīkia rangi wa pinki
English: Have raised head and straight neck 
Kikuyu: Na mūtwe mūinamūku na ngingo nūngarū
English: Are able to walk, stand, run and scratch
Kikuyu: Nī īhotaga gūthiī, kūrūgama, gūteng'era ona kūhuria.
English: Have strong legs and normal voice (crows) 
Kikuyu: Nī irī magūrū marī nahinya na nīikengetaga wega.
English: Have bright eyes and comb 
Kikuyu: Maitho na kīrera gīkengu.
English: Continuously eat and drink
Kikuyu: Irīyaga na kūnyua hingo ciothe
English: Soft and compact droppings
Kikuyu: igathiī kioro kiororo na kīnyitu
English: Breathe quietly
Kikuyu: īhuhagia īhoreire
English: Lay eggs normally 
Kikuyu: Ikarekia matumbī wega
English: Have smooth neat feathers 
Kikuyu: Nīirī maguoya matheru na manyoroku
English: Scales on the feet are smooth and yellow
Kikuyu: Scales cia magūrū nīnyoroku na rangi wa ngoikoni
English: How do unhealthy/sick chickens appear?
Kikuyu: Hihi ngūkū ndwaru ikoragwo ihana atīa?
English: Drop their head and close their eyes
Kikuyu: Ikoragwo ikomereirie mītwe na kūhinga maitho
English: Tired and lifeless
Kikuyu: Ikoragwo arī nogu na itekwīigwa.
English: Dull eyes and comb 
Kikuyu: Maitho na irera itarīngengu
English: Sit or lie down 
Kikuyu: Ciikaraga ikomete kaingī
English: Eat and drink less 
Kikuyu: Irīaga na kūnyua hanini
English: Lay less or stop laying eggs
Kikuyu: Ikarekia matumbī manini kana ona igatiga kūrekia biū.
English: Ruffled and loose feathers 
Kikuyu: Maguoya mahurute na maregeru
English: Wet droppings with blood or worms 
Kikuyu: Igathiī kīoro kīhūthū kīna thakame kana ona mīnyoo
English: Diarrhoea, cough, sneeze and breathe noisily 
Kikuyu: Ikaharwo, gūkorora, kūhaya ona kūhuhia igīcayaga
English: Faeces smear around vent region 
Kikuyu: Ikehakania kīoro gatitira-inī
English: Unable to move
Kikuyu: Ikaremwo nī gūthiī
English: Abnormal sounds
Kikuyu: Igakengeta kana kūruta mūgambo ūtarī wa ndūire
English: Legs bent and drooping wings
Kikuyu: Magūrū macio nī magonyoku na nīigūithagia mathagu.
English: What are the common sources of infections in chickens?
Kikuyu: Hihi ihumo nyingī cia mīrimū ya ngūkū nī irīkū?
English: Neighbours: disease outbreaks in neighbouring homesteads can easily spread to your farm 
Kikuyu: Mīciī īrīa mūrigainie: Mītuthūko ya mīrimū mīciī-inī īria mūringainie no ithereme kwa ūhūthū na īkinye gwaku mūgūnda.
English: Human: workers, customers and other visitors can bring infections to your farm 
Kikuyu: Andū: Aruti a wīra, agūri na ageni no marehere mīrimū gwaku mūgūnda.
English: Recovered carriers: they appear healthy but they continue to shed germs causing diseases in faeces and discharges that can be a risk especially to chicks 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū iria ciarīkia kūhona: Imwe ya ngūkū ici, cionekaga irī na ūgima mwega wa mwīrī no no ithiaga na mbere kūruta tūhengereta tūrīa tūrehaga mīrimū kūgerera kioro, ūndū ūrī ūrehaga ūgwati makīria harī tūcui.
English: Housing chickens of different ages together: due to carrier status, varying immunity among chickens of different ages 
Kikuyu: Kūhingīra hamwe ngūkū ina ūkūrū ūtiganīte: nīūndū wa gūkua njamuthi, ngūkū irī na ūkūrū ngūrani ikoragwo na ūhoti ngūrani wa gwītiria mīrimū.
English: New introduction: new purchases, gifts etc. may bring diseases to the farm 
Kikuyu: Indo ng'eni mūgūnda-inī: Indo njerū, iheo, na indo ingī, no irehe mīrimū mūgūnda-inī.
English: Egg-borne diseases: these are passed from infected hen to new hatched chicks. Some diseases are carried inside the egg shell while others are just on the shell surface e.g. Salmonellosis 
Kikuyu: Mīrimū īrehagwo nī matumbī: īno nī mīrimū īrīa ītambagio nī matumbī kuuma kūrī ngūkū iria ndwaru nginya kūrī njui. Mīrimū īno īmwe no īkorwo īrī thīinī wa ītumbī kana igūrū wa ikorogosha ta mūrimū wa Salmonellosis
English: Equipment: sharing of contaminated equipment between farms and failure to clean utensils
Kikuyu: Indo cia wīra: Kūhoyana indo cia wīra ikūīte mīrimū kuuma mūgūnda-inī ūmwe nginya ūria ūngī na kwaga gūthambia wega indo cia kūrīra na kūrūgīra.
English: Others: Rodents, household pets, wild birds, insects, feed
Kikuyu: Indo ingī ni hamwe na mbīa, nyamū iria ireragīrwo nyūmba irī ciagūkenia andū, nyoni cia gīthaka, na irio cia mahiū.
English: What are the symptoms of Newcastle Disease?
Kikuyu: Hihi ndariri cia mūrimū wa Newcastle nīirīkū?
English: It is caused by a highly contagious virus that infects the respiratory and nervous system. 
Kikuyu: Mūrimū ūyū ūrehagwo nī njamuthi mūthemba wa virus īgwatanagio mūno īria īhutagia mahūri.
English: In both chicks and old birds’ mortality varies from zero to 100 percent depending on the virulence of the organism. 
Kikuyu: Ikuo cia njui na ngūkū no ikoragwo na ūtiganū mūnene, ūū atī no ikue ciothe kana ciathe gūkua onea īmwe, kūringana na ūrūrū wa njamuthi īyo.
English: The disease is spread to chicken by direct contact with droppings or discharges from infected birds. 
Kikuyu: Mūrimū ūyū ūtambagio na njīra ya ngūkū kūhutania na kioro kana gīko kīngī kia kuuma mwīrī wa ngūkū kana nyoni iria ndwaru.
English: It affects all poultry including chicken, ducks, turkeys, pigeons but chicken are the most affected. 
Kikuyu: Ūnyitaga nyoni cia mīthemba yothe hamwe na ngūkū, bata, bata mūcinga, ona ndutura, no ngūkū nīcio irwaraga kaīngī.
English: Symptoms include: Egg production declining up to zero in four days. 
Kikuyu: Ndariri nī hamwe na ngūkū kūnyihia matumbī marīa irarekia na thutha wa thikū inya igakorwo itigīte kūrekia.
English: When laying resumes, misshapen eggs are produced with rough and sometimes bleached shells. 
Kikuyu: Hīndī ya kūrekia yacokerera, matumbī maumaga na mūmbīre ūtarīwa ndūire, makorogoca matarī manyoroku na maumu rangi.
English: In chicks, gasping coughing and sneezing is observed, nasal discharge, depression, and diarrhea. 
Kikuyu: Njui nīiremagwo nīkūhuhia, igakorora na gwathimūra, ikaruta kīmira, ikahorera na ikaharwo.
English: Birds may be seen sitting on their back hock joints; others may walk backward, or in circles; or hide their head between their legs. 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū iria ndwaru ituragia maru, nacio ingī igīthīa na kīhutatī, kana gīthiūrūrī, kana ona ikahitha mūtwe gatagatī ka magūrū.
English: In adult birds, external symptoms are more of respiratory nature and sudden decrease in egg production. 
Kikuyu: Ndariri ironeka cia mūrimū ūyū kūrī ngūkū īrarekia nī iria ikonainie na mahūri na kūremwo nī kūhuhia na kūnyihia kana ona gūtiga kūrekia o rīmwe.
English: Birds lose appetite and are droopy.
Kikuyu: Nyoni nīciagaga thuti wa kūrīa na ikenda gūikara cinamīrīire.
English: If the infection is severe, most birds sit on the floor and the roosts. 
Kikuyu: Ūrūrū wa mūrimū ūngīneneha, nyoni nyingī ikomaga thī na itara-inī.