CGIAR/KikuyuEnglish_translation huggingface dataset:
English: Distribute the vaccine solution to the waterers placed where there is no direct sunlight
Kikuyu: Gayanīria njanjo iyo ningie mīharate ya maaī iria īigītwo kūndū ītara kinyīrwo nī ūtheri wa riūa.
English: Do not provide any other drinking water until all of the vaccine mixture has been consumed
Kikuyu: Ndūkaigīre ngūkū maaī mangī nginya rīrīa irīnina macio mongereirwo njanjo.
English: Check to ensure all the birds are drinking water, if not, redistribute the drinkers as necessary
Kikuyu: Thuthuria wone ngūkū ciothe nīiranyua maaī, na angīkorwo imwe itiranyua, thongithia mīharatī īyo ya maaī ūndū īgūkinyīrwo nī ngūkū ciothe.
English: The chickens should drink all the vaccine solution within 1-2 hours (never in less than 1). When the vaccine is consumed too fast, other chickens will not have an opportunity to drink
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ibatiī kūnina maaī maya mongereirwo njanjo ithaa-inī rīmwe nginya meerī(itingīnina ithaa rīmwe rītarī ithiru). Njanjo ino īngīnyuo naihenya mūno, ngūkū imwe nociage mweke wa kūmīnywa.
English: Record all vaccine information as well as any challenges/problems which may occur with the chickens or vaccination process
Kikuyu: Niwega kūiga rekodi cia njanjo iyo na mathīna marīa ingīrehe kūrī ngūkū kana ona hīndīya kūhe
English: What are the common causes of Newcastle vaccine failure?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī maūndū marīkū kaingī mangītuma njanjo ya mūrimū wa Newcastle ītoorio?
English: The Newcastle vaccine may fail because of the following: Giving Newcastle vaccines incorrectly (wrong route, poor reconstitution, wrong dosage)
Kikuyu: Njanjo ya Newscastle no ītoorio nīūndū wa maūndū maya: Kūhūthīra njanjo ya mūrimū wa Newcastle na njīra ītagīrīire (kūhe na njīra ītagīrīire, kūringia na njīra njūru, mūigana ūrīa ūtagīrīire)
English: Poor handling of live Newcastle vaccines (breakdown in cold chain)
Kikuyu: Kūiga njanjo ya mūrimū wa Newcastle na njīra njūrū(gūthūka īrī thitoo-inī ya mbarafu)
English: Using tap water/chlorinated water to reconstitute Newcastle vaccines
Kikuyu: Kūhūthīra maaī ma mūberethi kana maaī marī dawa ya chroline kūringia njanjo ya mūrimū wa Newcastle.
English: In some cases, the field strain of an organism is very strong, and the vaccine strain is weak. 
Kikuyu: Rīmwe na rīmwe, mūrimū no ūkorwo ūrīna na hinya mūingī kūrī njanjo ya kūūrigīrīria.
English: In this situation, the flock may be effectively vaccinated, but the immunity is insufficient to protect against the disease completely 
Kikuyu: Ūndū-inī ta ūyū, rūūru rwothe no rūheo njanjo, na rīngī thutha-inī rūage hinya mūiganu wa kūīgitīra kuuma na mūrimū.
English: Failure to observe hygiene and sanitary conditions allows infectious disease agents build up. 
Kikuyu: kwaga kūgacerithia ūtheru nī gūtumaga mīrimū mīūrū ya kūgwatanio īthereme.
English: it is possible that the challenge dose of a particular infectious agent will be so great, or so soon, that a normally effective vaccination program will be overwhelmed
Kikuyu: Nī kūrī ūhoteku atī njanjo ya gūcokerithia no īkorwo īrī na ūguni mūnene harī kūrūa na mūrimū , kana o naihenya mūno, mūtaratara mweiga wa njanjo ūgūmanīrio nī mūrimū.
English: The immune status of the parent flock also can contribute to a vaccine failure. 
Kikuyu: Hinya wa rūrū rwa gūciarithania kūrūa na mīrimū no kūhotomie hinya wa njanjo kūruta wīra wega kūrī njiarwa.
English: If the breeder flock provides progeny with high levels of maternal antibodies, vaccination during the first 2 weeks of life may result in the vaccine being neutralized
Kikuyu: Angīkorwo rūūru rwa gūciarithania rūciaraga njīarwa īrī na hinya wa kūrūa na mīrimū, kūhe njanjo wiki-inī igīrī cia gūciarwo gūtingīteithia.
English: Certain infectious diseases that lower immunity may result in vaccine failure 
Kikuyu: Mīrimū īmwe mīūrū ya gūtambanio īrīa īnyihagia hinya wa kūrūa na mīrimū nīīhotomagia hinya wa njanjo kūruta wīra wega.
English: Once reconstituted, vaccines should be used within 30-45 minutes, any that remain should be discarded.
Kikuyu: Njanjo yarīkia kūringio, no mūhaka īhūthīrwo ndagīka-inī mīrongo ītatū nginya mīrongo īna na ītano, nayo īrīa īgūtigara īteo.
English: What are the benefits of rearing Kienyeji chicken
Kikuyu: Hihi ūgūni wa kūrīithia ngūkū cia gīcenji nī ūrīkū?
English: Superior Meat and Eggs: Renowned for their flavorful meat and rich-yolked eggs, indigenous breeds command premium prices compared to commercial chickens.
Kikuyu: Nyama na matumbī mega: Ngūkū icio nī ciūīkaine mūno nīūndū wa nyama īrī cama na matumbī marī mūruru mūnene, ningī ngūkū ici nīirī goro ūkīringithania na mithemba ingī īrīa īreragwo irī ya biacara.
English: Low Investment: Compared to their commercial counterparts, kienyeji chickens require less initial investment in housing and feed, making them accessible to small-scale farmers.
Kikuyu: Mbeca nini cia kūambīrīra: Ūrīithi wa ngūkū cia gīcenji ūbataraga mbeca nini gūciakīra ona kūgūrīra irio hīndī ya kūambīrīria ūkīringithania na iria ireragwo irī cia biacara na nīūndū ūcio arīmi anini makahota gūcirīithia.
English: Hardy and Disease-Resistant: Adapted to local conditions, kienyeji chickens flourish on modest feed and are naturally resistant to many common poultry diseases.
Kikuyu: Nīīkoragwo na ūhoti wa kūhiūrania na mīrimū: Ngūkū cia kienyeji nīciīhaaragīria mīikarīre ya kūrīa ciikaraga, na nīciīhotaga kūhiūrania na mīrimū mīingīīrīa īnyitaga ngūkū.
English: Sustainable and Eco-Friendly: Their foraging nature reduces reliance on purchased feed, minimizes environmental impact, and enriches soil with their droppings.
Kikuyu: Nīitūūraga na itithūkagia marīa macirigicīirie mūno: Nīūndū wa gūīcarīria irio, itibataraga kūgūrīrwo irio hingo ciothe, ūndū ūyū ūkanyihia wanangi wa marīa matūrigicīirie na igateithia kūno ria tīīri na njīra ya kūrekia kīoro gīacio.
English: How do you source chickens?
Kikuyu: Hihi ingīruta ngūkū kū?
English: Hatching your own: Requires a rooster and brooder setup but offers superior control over genetics and potential profit from selling chicks.
Kikuyu: Gūcarīkīthia njui ciaku: Ūndū ūyū ūrabatara njogo na gūthondeke handū hakūrerera tūcui no nīūhotithagia wamūri mūnene wa mūthemba wa ngūkū iria igūcarīkio na baida īrīa īkuoneka wendia-inī wa njui.
English: Buying Day-old Chicks: Hatcheries like KENCHIC and KALRO Naivasha offer vaccinated chicks of improved indigenous breeds, reducing management complexities.
Kikuyu: Kūgūra tūcui twa ūkūrū wa mūthenya ūmwe: Mīgūnda ya gūcarīkithiaa tūcui ta KENCHIC na KALRO Naivasha nī yendagia tūcui twa gīcenji tūhetwo njanjo, ūndū ūrīa ūhūthagia mītungatīre.
English: Characteristics of a Local indigenous chicken?
Kikuyu: Hihi maūthī ma ngūkū cia gīcenji nī marīkū?
English: This is the most common type of chicken kept by many smallholder farmers
Kikuyu: ūyū nī mūthemba wa ngūkū ūrīa ūreragwo kaingī nī arīmi aingī arīa anini.
English: They are well adapted to local conditions, look for their own food, and are more resistance to diseases. 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ici nīimenyerete kūrīa ireragīrwo, nī cīīyethagīra irio, na nī ciītiragia mīrimū.
English: They vary a lot in size, colours and appearance. 
Kikuyu: Ikoragwo irīna ngūrani nene ya ūrīa cigana mwīrī, marangi ona ūrīa ihanaga.
English: They grow more slowly, lay less eggs (about 60 eggs in a year) and do not add a lot of weight
compared to commercial breeds even when they fed on commercial feeds.
Kikuyu: Ikūraga kahora, ikarekia matumbī manini(ta mīrongo ītandatū o mwaka) na itiīkīraga ūritū mūnene ta mīthemba irīa īreragwo īrī ya biacara ona ingīheo irio njega cia kūgūra.
English: Characteristics of a Improved local/indigenous chicken
Kikuyu: Maūthī ma ngūkū njiarithanie cia gīcenji
English: These are chicken that have been selected from among local chicken based on their ability to grow faster or lay more eggs than others.
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ici nīiria ithurītwo kuuma ngūkū-inī cia gīcenji kūringana na ūhoti wacio wa gūkūra na ihenya kana kūrekia matumbī maingī gūkīra iria ingī.
English: The chickens are then reared in a way that makes these characteristics even better. 
Kikuyu: Thutha ūcio ngūkū ici nīireragwo na njīra ya kwagīrithia maūthī maya.
English: The improved local chicken varies in size, colour and appearance. 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū cia gīcenji njīarithanie nīirīūtiganu wa kīmwīrī, marangi ona ūrīa ihana.
English: They can only be distinguished from the unimproved local indigenous chicken from their growth characteristics and ability to lay eggs. Examples are KALRO Kienyeji,
Rainbow Rooster and Kuroiler
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ici ciamūranagio na iria itarī njiarithie kūringana na ūhoti wacio wa gūkūra naihenya na kūrekia matumbī maingī. Ngerekano nīKALRO Kienyeji, Rainbow Rooster na Kuroiler.
English: Characteristics of a Hybrid/commercial chicken
Kikuyu: Maūthī ma ngūkū cia biacara kana iria njiarithanīe irongoreirio biacara
English: These are chicken that were introduced in Kenya from European countries and are not well adapted to local conditions. 
Kikuyu: Ici nī ngūkū iria ciokire Kenya kuuma mabūrūri-inī ma rūraya na itiamenyerete wega rīera ria gūkū.
English: They are kept in chicken houses and mostly feed on commercial feeds. 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū ici īhingagīrwo ciaga-inī na kaingī irīaga irio cia kūgūrwo.
English: They are two types – broilers and layers which are kept for meat and eggs respectively. 
Kikuyu: Ikoragwo irī mīthemba īrī- cia nyama kana broilers na cia matumbī kana layers
English: They require more care than local chicken and are susceptible to diseases
Kikuyu: Nī biataraga kūrūmbūiyo makīria gūkīra ngūkū cia kūu na nīihotagwo nī mīrimū.
English: What are the benefits of keeping chickens?
Kikuyu: Hihi maūguni ma kūrera ngūkū nī marīkū?
English: Keeping chickens is one of the easiest ways to live more sustainably.
Kikuyu: Kūrīithia ngūkū nī njīra īmwe hūthū ya gūtūūra mūtūūrīre wa mwega.
English: They help eliminate scraps, produce a natural fertiliser, get rid of pesky garden pests, assist with composting and provide fresh, free-range eggs! 
Kikuyu: Nīiteithagia kweheria indo iria ciatigio, gūthondeka fertilizer ya ndūire, kweheria tūnyamū tūrīa tūthūkagia mīgūnda, gūteithīrīria wīra wa gūbūthia indo, na gūtuhe matumbī mega.
English: Keeping chickens is one of the most rewarding ways to start living green.
Kikuyu: Kūrīithia ngūkū nī njīra īmwe njega mūno ya kwambīrīria mūtūūrīre mwega ūtarīwa gūthūkia marīa matūrigicīirie
English: How to breed and manage cocks?
Kikuyu: Hihi njamba iciarithagio na gūtungatwo atīa?
English: One cock should be used to serve 10 hens 
Kikuyu: Njamba īmwe yagīrīire kūheyo mīera ikūmi.
English: Cock replaced after 2 years or less to avoid inbreeding 
Kikuyu: Njamba ībatiī gūcenjio thutha wa mīaka īrī nīgetha gwīthema ūciari wa nyina na nyina
English: Improved indigenous chickens can be used to improve indigenous chickens (kienyeji)
Kikuyu: Ngūkū cia gīcenji iria njiarithanie no ihūthīke gūthondeka ngūkū cia gīcenji itarī njiarithanie
English: Layers should be kept for about 2 years 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū cia kūrekia ibatiī kūigwo ihinda ria mīaka īrī.
English: Hens can lay eggs for around 4-5 years before running out (chick-menopause state) 
Kikuyu: Ngūkū no irekie ihinda rīa mīaka īna nginya ītano igacoka ikaingīra kahinda karīa itarekagia
English: Hybrid layers genetically bred for eggs usually run out of eggs earlier/faster (2 years)
Kikuyu: Ngūkū iciarithanītio irī cia biacara itigaga kūrekia tene thutha wa ihinda ria miaka īrī
English: What to consider when constructing a Chicken house?
Kikuyu: Hihi nī maūndū marīkū magīrīirwo gwīcirīrio hīndī ya waki wa kiaga kia ngūkū?
English: Consider factors like ventilation, predator proofing, and space (2 sq ft per bird) when designing your poultry house. 
Kikuyu: Wīcirie ūhoro wa maūndū ta rīera rīega thīinī wa kīaga, ūgitīīri kuuma kūrī thūū, na handū harī na warīe mūiganu(futi imwe kwa imwe harī o ngūkū) rīrīa ūrathondeka kīaga kia ngūkū.
English: Locally available materials like timber and mud walls can be cost-effective.
Kikuyu: Indo iria cionekaga kūrīa mūciī ta mbaū na rīūmba no ihūthīke ītanjīra ya kūnyihia ngarama ya waki.
English: What altitude does potato grow in Kenya?
Kikuyu: Nīkūndū kūrīkū kūraihu mūno kūrīa waru ikūraga būrūri-inīwa Kenya?
English: Potatoes are traditionally grown between 1500 to 3000 metres Above Sea Level(m.a.s.l). 
Kikuyu: Waru ithinūkagio gatagatīka mita 1500 na 3000 igūrū wa iria ((m.a.s.l.).
English: However, some new varieties can still do well in altitude below 1500 m.a.s.l.
Kikuyu: O na kūrīūguo, mīthemba īmwe njerū no īkorūo na ūguni o na irīma-inīirīna igūrū rīa mita 1,500.
English: Which soil types favors potato growing in Kenya?
Kikuyu: Nīmīthemba īrīkū ya tīīri īteithagia kūrīma waru būrūri-inīwa Kenya?
English: Ideal soils for potatoes vary within the counties but usually loam soils (silt loam; clay loam) with adequate organic content, well-draining to light soils) are suitable. 
Kikuyu: Mūgūnda ūrīa mwega wa kūhanda waru ūkoragwo ūrīngūrani kūringana na kauntī, no kaingīnīmūgūnda wa tīīrī(cilt loam; clay loam) ūrīna indo cia kūigana cia kīīmwīrī, na ūkoragwo na mīhūmū mīega ya maaī.
English: Suitable soil pH ranges from 5.5-7.0. Ideal soil pH 5.8
Kikuyu: pH ĩrĩa yagĩrĩire ya tĩĩri ĩkoragwo gatagatĩ ka 5.5-7.0. pH ĩrĩa yagĩrĩire ya tĩĩri 5.8
English: What is the ideal temperature for potato to grow?
Kikuyu: Nīrīera rīrīkū rīega rīa gūkūria waru?
English: Potato do well or require a mean daily temperature range from 15-24( degrees Celcius)
Kikuyu: Waru nīciekaga wega na ūrugarīmwega kana nīībataraga rīera rīa o mūthenya rīa digrii 15-24°C
English: How much annual rainfall does potato require to grow?
Kikuyu: Nīmbura īigana atīa ībataranagia o mwaka nīguo waru īhote gūkūra?
English: Potato require a Mean Rainfall of 1200-1800mm
Kikuyu: Waru nīībataraga Mbura ya mūigana wa 1200-1800mm
English: When is the ideal time to plant potatoes in Kenya?
Kikuyu: Nīhīndīīrīkū njega ya kūhanda waru Kenya?
English: The ideal planting time for potatoes in Kenya varies based on the region and altitude. 
Kikuyu: Ihinda rīrīa rīagīrīire rīa kūhanda waru būrūri-inīwa Kenya rītihaanaine kūringana na kūrīa irīna kūrīa irīkūraihu.
English: Generally, potatoes are planted at the onset of the rainy season. 
Kikuyu: Kaingī, waru īhandwo kīambīrīria-inīkīa hīndīya mbura.
English: For many areas, this translates to planting between March and May. 
Kikuyu: Kwa icigo nyingī, ūndū ūcio ūrehaga kūhanda gatagatī-inīka Machi na May.
English: However, it's essential to consider local climatic conditions, and planting can be adjusted accordingly to ensure the crop receives adequate moisture for successful growth.
Kikuyu: O na kūrīūguo, nīūndū wa bata gwīciria ūhoro wa rīera rīa kūu, na mīmera no īcenjio kūringana na rīo nīguo īkorūo na ūigananīru atīmbegū nīīgīaga na ūrugarīūrīa ūrabatarania nīguo īhote gūkūra wega.
English: Where do potato grow in Kenya?
Kikuyu: Waru ikūraga kū Kenya?
English: There are 13 major potato-producing counties which are: Meru,
Nyeri, Nyandarua, Kiambu, Taita-Taveta, Nakuru, Narok, Bomet, Elgeyo-Marakwet,
Trans-Nzoia, Bungoma, Uasin- Gishu and West Pokot
Kikuyu: "Kūrīkaunti 13 nene iria ikūragia waru ta Meru, Nyeri, Nyandarua, Kiambu, Taita-Taveta, Nakuru, Narok, Bomet, Elgeyo-Marakwet Trans-Nzoia, Bungoma, Uasin-Gishu na West Pokot"
English: Other potato producing counties
include Kisii, Nyamira, Kirinyaga, Muranga, Baringo, Nandi, Laikipia and Kericho
Kikuyu: Kaunti iria ingīikūragia waru nīhamwe na Kisii, Nyamira, Kirinyaga, Muranga, Baringo, Nandi, Laikipia na Kericho"
English: Upcoming potato producing counties include: Machakos, Makueni, Embu, Kajiado,
Tharaka Nithi, Samburu, Kwale and Nairobi
Kikuyu: Kaunti īrīa īngīireukiriria gūkūria waru nī: Machakos, Makueni, Embu, Kajiado,
Tharaka Nithi, Samburu, Kwale na Nairobi"
English: Why is field sanitation in potato production?
Kikuyu: Nīkīīgītūmaga ūrigitani ūkorūo ūrīwa bata harīkūrīma waru?
English: Field sanitation prevents diseases and is done by the removal of all early disease inoculum in field before planting 
Kikuyu: ūgītheria wa mīgūnda nīūgiragia mīrimū na ūrutagwo na njīra ya kweheria indo ciothe iria irīmūgūnda mbere ya kūhanda
English: potato plant residues, volunteer plants, culled tuber piles, residual tubers in soil, weeds
Kikuyu: matigari ma mīmera ya waru, mīmera ya kwīrutīra,mīrigo ya mbūrū, mĩmera ĩrĩa ĩtigarĩte tĩĩri-inĩ, mĩmera mĩũru
English: How is equipment sanitation ensured?
Kikuyu: Ũtethio wa ithui ni ũgwatĩkīrwo atĩa?
English: Equipment hygiene – clean all tools / tractors / shoes when going from one field to the next. ger crop.
Kikuyu: Gũthambia indo cia wĩra ⁇ gũthambia indo ciothe cia wĩra / macini cia gũkururia / iratu cia gũthiĩ kuuma mũgũnda ũmwe nginya ũngĩ.
English: In the morning start clean – in the newer fields and access older fields last – to avoid moving the inoculum from the older crop to the youn
Kikuyu: Rūcinīkwambīrīria gūtheria ⁇ mīgūnda-inīīrīa mīerū na kūingīra mīgūnda-inīīrīa mīkūrū mūthia  nīguo gwīthema gūthamia inoculum kuuma mūgūnda-inīūrīa mūkūrū nginya ūrīa mwerū
English: Which is the most recommended mode of irrigation in potato production?
Kikuyu: Nīnjīra īrīkū ya kūhehenja īrīa yagīrīire mūno harīkūrīma waru?
English: Overhead irrigation on hilled potato furrows is the most common irrigation way. 
Kikuyu: Gūitīīrīrio maaīna igūrū nīnjīra īrīa īhūthagīrūo mūno ya kūitīīrīrio maaī.
English: This requires high water volume and a high-pressure pump to execute. 
Kikuyu: ūndū ūcio ūbataraga maaīmaingīna bomu ya kūhūūra maaīna hinya mūnene.
English: Drip irrigation is the fastest growing method of irrigating potatoes because it is water efficient
Kikuyu: Kũminjamũra na njĩra ya kũminjamũra nĩ njĩra ya gũkũra na ihenya mũno ya kũhe waru maĩ tondũ nĩ ĩteithagia kũhũthĩra maĩ wega
English: When is irrigation most prefered in potato production?
Kikuyu: Nĩ hĩndĩ ĩrĩkũ kũhehenja kũhũthagĩrũo mũno mũgũnda-inĩ wa mahũa?
English: During tuber formation, irrigation is done sufficiently to support the crop’s increased water needs. 
Kikuyu: Hĩndĩ ya kũmbwo kwa mĩmera, mũgũnda ũhehagwo maĩ wega nĩguo ũhote kũhe irio iria ciendagio.
English: It is the most important stage of the crop irrigation. 
Kikuyu: Nīyo ikinya rīrīa rīa bata mūno harīkūhe irio maaī.
English: When the tubers mature, less irrigation is carried out.
Kikuyu: Hīndīīrīa mīmera īyo īrerete, ndūhūthagīra maaīmaingī.
English: What is the best manure for potatoes?
Kikuyu: Nīthūmū ūrīkū mwega wa waru?
English: It has been shown that chicken manure pellets are the go-to choice fertilizer for potato farmers. 
Kikuyu: Nīkuonekete atīmagego ma mūtararīko wa ngūkū nīmo magego marīa mathuuragwo mūno harĩ arĩmi a waru.
English: Potatoes thrive in calcium-rich soil, this helps produce large full flavour potatoes. 
Kikuyu: Waru ciongagīra tīīri-inīwīna calcium nyingī, na ūndū ūcio nīūteithagia kūruta waru nene cia mūtararīko.
English: Chicken manure pellets contain up to 7% calcium. 
Kikuyu: Mbūri cia ngūkū nīikoragwo na calcium ya hakuhī7%.
English: These pellets also release their nutrients slowly over 3 months.
Kikuyu: O na ningīmīmera īyo īkoragwo na irio nyingīīrekagiriria kahora ihinda-inīrīa mīeri 3.
English: Which fertilizers and manure are best for potatoes?
Kikuyu: Ni batalizer na mũtararĩko ũrĩa wega mũno harĩ waru?
English: Apply DAP fertilizer in the rows at planting at the rate of 500 kg/ha (or 200 kg/īka) 
Kikuyu: Hũthĩra DAP mũtaratara-inĩ wa kũhanda na ũigana wa 500 kg/ha (kana 200 kg/īka)
English: On acidic soils, apply Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) at the same rate as DAP 
Kikuyu: Thĩinĩ wa tĩĩri wina acidi, ũhũthagĩre Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) na ũigana wa DAP
English: Take half litre container and fill it with the fertilizer and apply uniformly in 15m furrow. 
Kikuyu: Oya gĩkombe kĩa nuthu ya rita ũiyũrie na mũtararĩko na ũhũthagĩrũo na njĩra ĩmwe na mĩtaro ya mita 15
English: Fertilizer is applied in the rows and mixed thoroughly in the soil. 
Kikuyu: Baterlizer ĩhũthagĩrũo na njĩra ya kũiga mĩtaratara na ĩgatukanwo wega na tĩĩri.
English: Apply well decomposed manure at the rate of 5-10t/ ha. Well rotten manure helps to prevent the occurrence
Kikuyu: Hũthĩra mũtararĩko mwega ũigana wa 5-10t/ha. Mũtararĩko mwega wa indo cia mũgũnda nĩ ũteithagia kũgirĩrĩria ũndũ ũcio
English: What is the best fertilizer for potatoes?
Kikuyu: Nĩ baterlizer irĩkũ njega makīrīa cia waru?
English: Potatoes require different types of nutrients to thrive. 
Kikuyu: Nīguo waru ikūre, nīibataraga irio cia mīthemba ngūrani.
English: For example, potatoes need nitrogen to boost growth and potassium to protect the tubers from disease attacks.
Kikuyu: Kwa ngerekano, waru nīibataraga nitrogen nīguo ikūre na potassium nīguo īgitīre mīmera īyo ndīgathūkio nīmīrimū.
English: Potatoes will also require calcium and sulfur. Calcium strengthens the cell walls, making the plant less susceptible to diseases.
Kikuyu: O na ningīmbembe nīibataraga calcium na sulphur. Calcium nīīgīaga na hinya thīinīwa tūhengereta, na ūndū ūcio ūgatūma mīmera īyo īkorūo ītarīūgwati-inīwa kūrūara.
English: Sulfur is essential because it produces amino acids and methionine, which increases yields. 
Kikuyu: Sulfur nīya bata mūno tondū nīīkoragwo na amino acids na methionine, iria ciongereraga magetha.
English: You can apply Sarfi Sarvi fertilizer, Safi foliar, or safi Biochar when using organic fertiliser. 
Kikuyu: No ũhũthĩre mũhu wa Sarfi Sarvi, Safi foliar, kana safi Biochar rĩrĩa ũrahũthĩra mũhu wa kĩĩmwĩrĩ.
English: Safi biochar helps the soil hold nutrients and prevent erosion. 
Kikuyu: Safi biochar īteithagīrīria tīīri kūiga irio na gwīthema kūhūahūana.
English: If you have a water problem, use Safi biochar because it traps moisture, preventing water from evaporating.
Kikuyu: Angīkorūo ūrīna thīna wa kwaga maaī, hūthagīra Safi biochar tondū nīīnyitaga ūrugarī, īgītūma maaīmatikanyitwo nīrīera.
English: What are some of the common fertilizers used in potato production in Kenya
Kikuyu: Nĩ baterlizer irĩkũ ingĩ cia bata ĩhũthĩrĩtwo harĩ kũhanda waru bũrũri wa Kenya?
English: Some of the common fertilizer used at potato planting include NPK 17:17:17, DAP, Baraka®, Yara Power® and MEA-NPK® 16:8:26. 
Kikuyu: Nyūngū imwe iria ihūthagīrūo mūno hīndīya kūhanda mbembe nīta NPK 17:17:17, DAP, Baraka®, Yara Power® na MEA-NPK® 16:8:26.
English: Where DAP is chosen as the planting fertilizer, K should be supplied from another source, because DAP does not contain K. 
Kikuyu: Harīa DAP īthuurītwo īrīmūgunda wa kūhanda, K yagīrīirwo kūrutwo na kīhumo kīngī, tondū DAP ndīna K
English: Application of K through sulphate of potash (SOP) is preferred to potassium chloride (muriate of potash or MOP) as potatoes are sensitive to chloride (Cl-).
Kikuyu: Kūhūthīra K kūgerera potash sulphate (SOP) nīwega gūkīra kūhūthīra potassium chloride (muriate of potash kana MOP) tondū waru nīciīriragīria chloride (Cl-).
English: Is top dressing important in potato production in Kenya ? What are the recommended practices?
Kikuyu: Hihi kūgūria mbura nĩ ũndũ wa bata kũhũra waru bũrũri-inĩ wa Kenya? Nĩ njĩra irĩkũ ciagĩrĩire kũhũthĩrũo?
English: During a first fertilizer top-dressing, apply one quarter teaspoon (0.5 g) of urea to each plant on the shoulder of the ridge and immediately cover with soil. 
Kikuyu: Hīndīya kūhūūra mūhu mbere, hūthīra gīcunjīkīa gīcunjīgīa inya gīa gīkombe (0.5 g) kīa urea harīmīmera o yothe īrīa īrīmwena-inīwa rūthingo na ūhumbīre na tīīri o hīndīīyo.
English: The first top dressing should be done one month after planting.
Kikuyu: ūhoro wa mbere wa kūhumba no mūhaka ūhumbwo mweri ūmwe thutha wa kūhanda.
English: This translates to 10 to 20 days after the sprouts emerge from soil. 
Kikuyu: Mahinda macio makoragwo marīkuuma thikū 10 nginya 20 thutha wa tūhuti tūu kūmerūka.
English: A second top-dressing applies an additional 0.5 g urea to each plant, placed on the shoulder of the ridge. 
Kikuyu: Ihinda rīa kerīrīa kūhumba, o mūtīūhūthagīrūo 0,5 g ya urea īngī, īgatwarwo mwena ūrīa ūngīwa rūthingo.
English: It should be covered by soil immediately after application. 
Kikuyu: Kīndū kīu kīagīrīire kūhumbwo na tīīri o na ihenya thutha wa kūhūthīrūo.
English: The second top dressing should be done at the flower bud-formation stage.
Kikuyu: Gūthondekwo gwa kerīkwagīrīire gwīkwo hīndīīrīa mahūa marambīrīirie kūgīa.
English: What are some of the secondary nutrients required for potato production?
Kikuyu: Nĩ indo irĩkũ ingĩ cia bata harĩ kũhanda waru?