Obra: Inglês/Gramática/Apêndice/Question tags
Matéria: Português
tag questions or question tags are grammatical structure in which declarative statement or an imperative is turned into question by adding an interrogative fragment the tag forms and uses in most languages tag questions are more common in colloquial spoken than in formal written usage they can be an indicator of politeness emphasis or irony they may suggest confidence or lack of confidence they may be confrontational or tentative examples are open the window will you she doesn really want that does she you better stop now hadn you so you thought it would be good idea to reprogram the computer did you it quite an achievement isn it to win nobel prize oh must mustn just adore beethoven don coming with you alright easier said than done eh some languages have fixed phrase for the tag question such as french est ce pas is it not german nicht wahr not true london dialect innit from isn it or paraguayan spanish verdad truth or they may have special word for the purpose like south german gell derived from gelten to be valid standard english tag questions on the other hand are constructed afresh for every sentence and are therefore far more variable have did you won we etc tag question need not have the grammatical form of question will you an adverb or adverbial may serve the purpose instead right alright surely ok eh german often uses oder or and ja yes as tag questions tag questions in english english tag questions when they have the grammatical form of question are untypically complex because they vary according to four factors the choice of auxiliary the negation the intonation pattern and the emphasis auxiliary the english tag question is made up of an auxiliary verb and pronoun the auxiliary has to agree with the tense aspect and modality of the verb in the preceding sentence if the verb was in the perfect tense for example the tag question uses has or have if the verb was in present progressive form the tag is formed with am are is and if the sentence has modal verb this is echoed in the tag he read this book hasn he he read this book didn he he reading this book isn he he reads lot of books doesn he he ll read this book won he he should read this book shouldn he he can read this book can he negation english tag questions may contain negation but need not when there is no special emphasis the rule of thumb often applies that positive sentence has negative tag and vice versa she is french isn she she not french is she however it has been estimated that in normal conversation as many as of tags break this rule positive to positive or negative to negative may be used for ironic or confrontational effects do listen will you oh lazy am jack refuse to spend sunday at your mother house jill oh you do do you we ll see about that jack just won go back jill oh you won won you patterns of negation can show regional variations in north east scotland for example positive to positive is used when no special effect is desired this pizza fine is it standard engli
positive to positive is used when no special effect is desired this pizza fine is it standard english this pizza delicious isn it note the following variations in the negation when the auxiliary is the form of the copula england clever aren scotland clever amn america clever ain intonation english tags can have rising or falling intonation pattern we may contrast this with french or german for example where all tags rise as rule the english rising pattern is used when soliciting information or motivating an action that is when some sort of response is required since normal english yes no questions have rising patterns are you coming these tags make grammatical statement into real question you re coming aren you do listen will you let have beer shall we the falling pattern is used to underline statement the statement itself ends with falling pattern and the tag sounds like an echo strengthening the pattern most english tag questions have this falling pattern he doesn know what he doing does he this is really boring isn it sometimes the rising tag goes with the positive to positive pattern to create confrontational effect he was the best in the class was he rising the speaker is challenging this thesis or perhaps expressing surprised interest he was the best in the class wasn he falling the speaker holds this opinion be careful will you rising expresses irritation take care won you falling expresses affection sometimes the same words may have different patterns depending on the situation or implication you don remember my name do you rising expresses surprise you don remember my name do you falling expresses amusement or resignation your name mary isn it rising expresses uncertainty your name mary isn it falling expresses confidence it is interesting that as an all purpose tag the london set phrase innit for isn it is only used with falling patterns he doesn know what he doing innit he was the best in the class innit on the other hand the adverbial tag questions alright ok etc are always found with rising patterns emphasis english tag questions are normally stressed on the verb but in rising tags the stress may be on the pronoun if there is change of person don like peas do you in french this would be expressed with et toi which is also kind of question tag question tags from question tags by wikipedia on january