X86
Chronology
The table below lists processor models and model series implementing variations of the x86 instruction set, in chronological order. Each line item is characterized by significantly improved or commercially successful processor microarchitecture designs.

X86

Section Title: Chronology
Table Section Text: The table below lists processor models and model series implementing variations of the x86 instruction set, in chronological order. Each line item is characterized by significantly improved or commercially successful processor microarchitecture designs.

Generation	Introduction	Prominent CPU models	Address space	Notable features

Linear	Virtual	Physical

1st	1978	Intel 8086, Intel 8088 (1979)	16-bit	N/A	20-bit	Real mode, 16-bit ISA

1982	Intel 80186, Intel 80188 NEC V20 and V30 (1983)	8086-2 ISA, embedded (80186 and 80188)

2nd	1982	Intel 80286 and clones	30-bit	24-bit	Protected mode, unreal mode

3rd (IA-32)	1985	Intel 80386, AMD Am386 (1991)	32-bit	46-bit	32-bit	Virtual mode, 32-bit ISA, paging, IBM PS/2

4th	1989	Intel 80486 Cyrix Cx486SLC and DLC (1992) AMD Am486 (1993) and Am5x86 (1995)	System Management Mode, pipelining, on-die x87 FPU (486 DX), on-die CPU cache

5th	1993	Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX (1996)	Superscalar, 64-bit databus, faster FPU, MMX (Pentium MMX), APIC, SMP

1994	NexGen Nx586 AMD 5k86 and K5 (1996)	Discrete microarchitecture (µ-op translation)

1995	Cyrix Cx5x86 Cyrix 6x86 and MX (1997), MII (1998)	Dynamic execution

6th	1995	Intel Pentium Pro	36-bit (PAE)	Conditional move instructions, speculative execution, 3-way x86 superscalar, superscalar FPU, PAE, on-chip L2 cache

1997	Intel Pentium II, Pentium III (1999) Celeron (1998), Xeon (1998)	L2 Cache, SSE

1997	AMD K6, K6-2 (1998), K6-III (1999)	3DNow!, L3 cache

7th	1999	AMD Athlon, Athlon XP/MP (2001) Duron (2000), Sempron (2004)	36-bit	MMX+, 3DNow!+

2000	Transmeta Crusoe	CMS powered x86 platform processor, VLIW-128 core, on-die memory controller, on-die PCI bridge logic

Intel Pentium 4	36-bit	SSE2, hyper-threading, NetBurst, quad-pumped bus, Trace Cache

2003	Intel Pentium M Intel Core (2006), Pentium Dual-Core (2007)	µ-op fusion, XD bit

Transmeta Efficeon	CMS 6.0.4, VLIW-256, NX bit, HyperTransport

8th (x64)	2003	Athlon 64, FX, X2 (2005), Opteron Sempron (2004), X2 (2008) Turion 64 (2005), X2 (2006)	40-bit	AMD64, long mode, on-die memory controller, HyperTransport, AMD-V

2004	Pentium 4 (Prescott) Celeron D, Pentium D (2005)	36-bit	EM64T, SSE3, 2nd gen. NetBurst pipelining, Intel VT

2006	Intel Core 2 Pentium Dual-Core (2007) Celeron Dual-Core (2008)	Intel 64, SSSE3, wide dynamic execution, smart shared L2 cache

2007	AMD Phenom, Phenom II (2008) Athlon II (2009), Turion II (2009)	48-bit	SSE4a, Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI), HyperTransport 3

2008	Intel Core 2 (45nm)	40-bit	SSE4.1

Intel Atom

Intel Nehalem (2009) and Westmere (2010) series	QuickPath, on-chip graphic memory hub controller (GMCH), SSE4.2, Extended Page Tables (EPT), x64 macro-op fusion

VIA Nano	Hardware-based encryption, adaptive power management

2010	AMD FX	48-bit	Clustered Multi-Thread (CMT), FMA instruction set, OpenCL

2011	AMD APU A and E Series (Llano)	40-bit	On-die GPGPU

AMD APU C, E and Z Series (Bobcat)	40-bit

Intel Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge series	Decoded µ-op cache

2012	AMD Bulldozer and Trinity series	48-bit	AVX

Intel Xeon Phi Knights Corner	48-bit	In-order P54C, very wide VPU (512-bit SSE), LRBni instructions (8× 64-bit)

2013	AMD Jaguar (Athlon, Sempron)	48-bit	SoC

Intel Silvermont series	36-bit	SoC

Intel Haswell and Broadwell series	42-bit	AVX2, FMA3, TSX, BMI1, and BMI2 instructions

2015	Intel Broadwell-U series	SoC, on-chip Broadwell-U PCH-LP (Multi-chip module)

2015	Intel Skylake, Kaby Lake and Cannon Lake series	46-bit	AVX-512

2016	Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing	48-bit	Bootable and standalone accelerator supplement to Xeon system, Airmont (Atom) core based

2016	AMD Excavator series	48-bit	Integrated Fusion controller hubs (FCH) on die

2017	AMD Ryzen and Epyc series	Simultaneous multithreading (SMT), on-chip multiple dies

Sentence(s)

The Intel 8086 and 8088 have 16-bit registers.
The Intel 8086 and 8088 have 16-bit registers.

final_sentence: The Intel 8086 and 8088 have 16-bit registers.
final_sentence: The Intel 8086 and 8088 have 16-bit registers.