List of sovereign debt crises
Table
The following table includes actual sovereign defaults and debt restructuring of independent countries since 1557. It is sortable by location or date.

List of sovereign debt crises

Section Title: Table
Table Section Text: The following table includes actual sovereign defaults and debt restructuring of independent countries since 1557. It is sortable by location or date.

Area	Country	Date	Type, causes, consequences, and references

Europe	France	1812	State spending during the Napoleonic Wars was extremely high due in large manner to the high level of military expenditures.

Europe	Sweden	1812	Military expenditures as a consequence of the Napoleonic Wars.

Europe	Denmark	1813	The Danish state bankruptcy of 1813.

Europe	Netherlands	1814	Instability resulting from the rule of Napoleon I in France

Africa	Egypt	1876	The crisis will cause the ‘Urabi Revolt and the subsequent British invasion of Egypt.

Europe	Weimar Republic Germany	1932-07-09	Under the Versailles Treaty ending the First World War, Germany was forced to make war reparations. The Young Plan of 1929 was meant to settle the structure, but after the Wall Street Crash, repayments were becoming impossible.

Europe	Romania	1933

Americas	Mexico	1982-08	Finance Minister, Jesus Silva-Herzog, declared that it was unable to meet its debt repayment obligations as world interest rates had sharply increased since 1979.

Europe	Yugoslavia	1983

Asia	Thailand	1997-07	1997 Asian financial crisis.

Europe	Russia	1998-08-17	After world commodity prices dropped on major Russian exports (particularly metals and oil) the 1998 Russian financial crisis ensued. Mounting debts led to the government declaring a moratorium on payments to international creditors.

Europe	Greece	2015-06-30	Due to the Greek government-debt crisis, Greece failed to make a €1.6bn payment to the IMF.

Asia	Republic of China (1912–49)	1921

Asia	Republic of China (1912–49)	1932

Asia	Republic of China (1912–49)	1939

Asia	Japan	1942

Asia	Japan	1946–1952

Asia	India	1958

Asia	India	1969

Asia	India	1972

Asia	Indonesia	1966

Asia	Iran	1990 & 1992

Asia	Iraq

Asia	Jordan	1989

Asia	Kuwait	1990–1991

Asia	Myanmar	1984

Asia	Myanmar	1987

Asia	Myanmar	2002

Asia	Mongolia	1997–2000

Asia	The Philippines	1983

Asia	Solomon Islands	1995–2004

Asia	Sri Lanka	1980

Asia	Sri Lanka	1982

Asia	Sri Lanka	1996

Asia	Turkey	1876

Asia	Turkey	1915

Asia	Turkey	1931

Asia	Turkey	1940

Asia	Turkey	1978

Asia	Turkey	1982

Asia	Vietnam	1975

Europe	Albania	1990

Europe	Archduchy of Austria	1796

Europe	Archduchy of Austria	1802

Europe	Austrian Empire	1811

Europe	Austrian Empire	1816	Caused by the War of the Sixth Coalition. Ended by the establishment of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank.

Europe	Austria-Hungary	1868

Europe	Austria	1938

Europe	Austria	1940

Europe	Austria	1945

Europe	Bulgaria	1932

Europe	Bulgaria	1990

Europe	Croatia	1993–1996

Europe	Germany	1939

Europe	Germany	1948	See London Agreement on German External Debts

Europe	Germany - Hesse	1814

Europe	Germany - Prussia	1807

Europe	Germany - Prussia	1813

Europe	Germany - Schleswig-Holstein	1850

Europe	Germany - Westphalia	1812

Europe	Greece	1826

Europe	Greece	1843

Europe	Greece	1860

Europe	Greece	1893

Europe	Greece	1932

Europe	Greece	2012

Europe	Hungary	1932

Europe	Hungary	1941

Europe	Poland	1936 & 1981

Europe	Portugal	1828

Europe	Portugal	1837

Europe	Portugal	1841

Europe	Portugal	1845

Europe	Portugal	1852

Europe	Portugal	1890

Europe	Russia	1839

Europe	Russia	1885

Europe	Russia	1918

Europe	Russia	1947

Europe	Russia	1957

Europe	Russia	1991

Europe	Spain	1557

Europe	Spain	1575

Europe	Spain	1596

Europe	Spain	1607

Europe	Spain	1627

Europe	Spain	1647

Europe	Spain	1652

Europe	Spain	1662

Europe	Spain	1666

Europe	Spain	1809

Europe	Spain	1820

Europe	Spain	1831

Europe	Spain	1834

Europe	Spain	1851

Europe	Spain	1867

Europe	Spain	1872

Europe	Spain	1882

Europe	Spain	1936–1939

Europe	Sweden	1812

Europe	Ukraine	1998–2000

Europe	Ukraine	2016

Europe	United Kingdom	1822

Europe	United Kingdom	1834

Europe	United Kingdom	1888–89

Europe	United Kingdom	1932	See War bond § United Kingdom

Europe	United Kingdom	1976	The 1976 IMF Crisis was a financial crisis in the United Kingdom in 1976 which forced the government to borrow $3.9 billion ($17.2 billion in 2018) from the International Monetary Fund, the largest loan ever to have been requested from the IMF.

Europe	Yugoslavia	1983	Did not default directly; default was split between the nations once part of Yugoslavia

Africa	Algeria	1991

Africa	Angola	1976

Africa	Angola	1985

Africa	Angola	1992–2002

Africa	Cameroon	2004

Africa	Central African Republic	1981

Africa	Central African Republic	1983

Africa	Congo (Kinshasa)	1979

Africa	Côte d'Ivoire	1983

Africa	Côte d'Ivoire	2000

Africa	Côte d'Ivoire	2011

Africa	Gabon	1999–2005

Africa	Ghana	1979

Africa	Ghana	1982

Africa	Liberia	1989–2006

Africa	Madagascar	2002

Africa	Mozambique	1980

Africa	Rwanda	1995

Africa	Sierra Leone	1997–1998

Africa	Sudan	1991

Africa	Tunisia Tunisia	1867

Africa	Tunisia Tunisia	1986

Africa	Egypt	1984

Africa	Kenya	1994

Africa	Kenya	2000

Africa	Morocco	1983

Africa	Morocco	1994

Africa	Morocco	2000

Africa	Nigeria	1982

Africa	Nigeria	1986

Africa	Nigeria	1992

Africa	Nigeria	2001

Africa	Nigeria	2004

Africa	South Africa	1985

Africa	South Africa	1989

Africa	South Africa	1993

Africa	Zambia	1983

Africa	Zimbabwe	1965

Africa	Zimbabwe	2000

Africa	Zimbabwe	2006	See Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe

Americas	Antigua and Barbuda	1998–2005

Americas	Argentina	1827	Default.

Americas	Argentina	1890	Default. Panic of 1890

Americas	Argentina	1915	Provincial default.

Americas	Argentina	1930	Provincial default.

Americas	Argentina	1982	Default. Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Argentina	1988–1989	Internal debt default. Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Argentina	2001	Default. Following years of instability, the Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002) came to a head, and a new government announced it could not meet its public debt obligations.

Americas	Argentina	2005–2016	Argentine debt restructuring.

Americas	Argentina	2014

Americas	Barbados	2018	Default on its Eurobonds after the uncovering its high sovereign debt in terms of debt-to-GDP ratio.

Americas	Bolivia	1875

Americas	Bolivia	1927

Americas	Bolivia	1931

Americas	Bolivia	1980	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Bolivia	1986	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Bolivia	1989	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Brazil	1898

Americas	Brazil	1902

Americas	Brazil	1914

Americas	Brazil	1931

Americas	Brazil	1937

Americas	Brazil	1961

Americas	Brazil	1964

Americas	Brazil	1983	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Brazil	1986–1987

Americas	Brazil	1990

Americas	Canada - Alberta	1935

Americas	Chile	1826

Americas	Chile	1880

Americas	Chile	1931

Americas	Chile	1961

Americas	Chile	1963

Americas	Chile	1966

Americas	Chile	1972

Americas	Chile	1974

Americas	Chile	1983	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Colombia	1826

Americas	Colombia	1850

Americas	Colombia	1873

Americas	Colombia	1880

Americas	Colombia	1900

Americas	Colombia	1932

Americas	Colombia	1935

Americas	Costa Rica	1828

Americas	Costa Rica	1874

Americas	Costa Rica	1895

Americas	Costa Rica	1901

Americas	Costa Rica	1932

Americas	Costa Rica	1962

Americas	Costa Rica	1981	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Costa Rica	1983	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Costa Rica	1984	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Dominica	2003–2005

Americas	Dominican Republic	1872

Americas	Dominican Republic	1892

Americas	Dominican Republic	1897

Americas	Dominican Republic	1899

Americas	Dominican Republic	1931

Americas	Dominican Republic	1975-2001	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Dominican Republic	2005

Americas	Ecuador	1826

Americas	Ecuador	1868

Americas	Ecuador	1894

Americas	Ecuador	1906

Americas	Ecuador	1909

Americas	Ecuador	1914

Americas	Ecuador	1929

Americas	Ecuador	1982

Americas	Ecuador	1984

Americas	Ecuador	2000

Americas	Ecuador	2008

Americas	El Salvador	1828

Americas	El Salvador	1876

Americas	El Salvador	1894

Americas	El Salvador	1899

Americas	El Salvador	1921

Americas	El Salvador	1932

Americas	El Salvador	1938

Americas	El Salvador	1981–1996

Americas	Grenada	2004–2005

Americas	Guatemala	1933

Americas	Guatemala	1986

Americas	Guatemala	1989	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Guyana	1982

Americas	Honduras	1828

Americas	Honduras	1873

Americas	Honduras	1981	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Jamaica	1978

Americas	Mexico	1827

Americas	Mexico	1833

Americas	Mexico	1844

Americas	Mexico	1850

Americas	Mexico	1866

Americas	Mexico	1898

Americas	Mexico	1914

Americas	Mexico	1928–1930s

Americas	Mexico	1982	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Nicaragua	1828

Americas	Nicaragua	1894

Americas	Nicaragua	1911

Americas	Nicaragua	1915

Americas	Nicaragua	1932

Americas	Nicaragua	1979

Americas	Panama	1932

Americas	Panama	1983	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Panama	1987	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Panama	1988–1989

Americas	Paraguay	1874

Americas	Paraguay	1892

Americas	Paraguay	1920

Americas	Paraguay	1932

Americas	Paraguay	1986	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Paraguay	2003

Americas	Peru	1826

Americas	Peru	1850

Americas	Peru	1876

Americas	Peru	1931

Americas	Peru	1969

Americas	Peru	1976

Americas	Peru	1978

Americas	Peru	1980	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Peru	1984	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Surinam	2001–2002

Americas	Trinidad and Tobago	1989

Americas	United States	1779	Rapid devaluation of the Continental Dollar due to Congress's inability to levy taxes. During a later Constitutional Convention, memory of the suffering inspired the inclusion of the Contract Clause in the modern U.S.

Americas	United States	1790	Crisis began in 1782. Ended by the Compromise of 1790 and the Funding Act of 1790.

Americas	United States	1798	See Quasi-War

Americas	United States	1862	The Greenback Default

Americas	United States	1933	See Executive Order 6102

Americas	United States	1971	Nixon Shock

Americas	United States - 9 states	1841–1842

Americas	United States - 10 states and many local governments	1873–83 or 1884

Americas	Uruguay	1876

Americas	Uruguay	1891

Americas	Uruguay	1915

Americas	Uruguay	1933

Americas	Uruguay	1937

Americas	Uruguay	1983	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Uruguay	1987	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Uruguay	1990

Americas	Venezuela	1826

Americas	Venezuela	1848

Americas	Venezuela	1860

Americas	Venezuela	1865

Americas	Venezuela	1892

Americas	Venezuela	1898

Americas	Venezuela	1982	Latin American debt crisis

Americas	Venezuela	1990

Americas	Venezuela	1995–1997

Americas	Venezuela	1998

Americas	Venezuela	2004

Americas	Venezuela	2017	Venezuela defaulted on USD 65Bn in external debt in November 2017 after years of unsustainable borrowing and a crash in global oil prices.

Sentence(s)

European nation Greece had faced debt crises in 1932.
Greece had faced debt crises in the 19th century, as well as a similar crisis in 1932.
Greece, like other European nations, faced debt crises in the 19th century, as well as in 1932.

final_sentence: European nation Greece had faced debt crises in 1932.
final_sentence: Greece had faced debt crises in the 19th century, as well as a similar crisis in 1932.
final_sentence: Greece, like other European nations, faced debt crises in the 19th century, as well as in 1932.