List of astronomers
The following are list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy. They may have won major prizes or awards, developed or invented widely used techniques or technologies within astronomy, or are directors of major observatories or heads of space-based telescope projects.

List of astronomers

Section Title:
Table Section Text: The following are list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy. They may have won major prizes or awards, developed or invented widely used techniques or technologies within astronomy, or are directors of major observatories or heads of space-based telescope projects.

Name	Country	Born	Died	Notable For

Aryabhata	India	476	550	Aryabhata correctly insisted that the earth rotates about its axis daily, and that the apparent movement of the stars is a relative motion caused by the rotation of the earth.

Marc Aaronson	USA	1950	1987	His work concentrated on three fields: the determination of the Hubble constant (H0) using the Tully-Fisher relation, the study of carbon rich stars, and the velocity distribution of those stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

Paul G. Abel	UK	1979

Marcelo Gleiser	Brazil	1959

Paulo R. Holvorcem	Brazil	1967

Norio Kaifu	Japan	1943	Norio directed the construction of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory and the Subaru Telescope. He was also the director of the International Astronomical Union(IAU) from 2012 to 2015.

Luís Cruls	Brazil	1848	1908

George Ogden Abell	USA	1927	1983

Hiroshi Abe	Japan	1958

Antonio Abetti	Italy	1846	1928

Giorgio Abetti	Italy	1882	1982

Charles Greeley Abbot	USA	1872	1973

Charles Hitchcock Adams	USA	1868	1951

John Couch Adams	UK	1819	1892

Walter Sydney Adams	USA	1876	1956

Saul Adelman	USA	1944

Petrus Alphonsi	Spain	1062	1110

Agrippa	Greece	unknown ca. 92	Agrippa observed the occultation of a part of the Pleiades by the southernmost part of the Moon.

Paul Oswald Ahnert	Germany	1897	1989

Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs	Germany	1912	1954

George Biddell Airy	UK	1801	1892

Robert Aitken	(USA	1864	1951

Makio Akiyama	Japan	1950

Al Battani	Iraq	850	929

Albategnius (see Al-Batani)

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Albitzky	Russia	1891	1952

Albumasar	Persia	787	886

George Alcock	UK	1913	2000

Harold Alden	USA	1890	1964

Hannes Alfvén	Sweden	1908	1995

Lawrence H. Aller	USA	1913	2003

Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi	Persia	903	986

Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian	(Armenia	1912	1996

John August Anderson	USA	1876	1959

Wilhelm Anderson	Estonia	1880	1940

Marie Henri Andoyer	France	1862	1929

Andronicus of Cyrrhus	Greece	unknown ca. 100 BC

Anders Jonas Ångström	Sweden	1814	1874

Eugène Michel Antoniadi	Greece France	1870	1944

Masakatsu Aoki	Japan	1957

Petrus Apianus	Germany	1495	1557

François Arago	France	1786	1853

Masaru Arai	Japan	1952

Hiroshi Araki	Japan

Sylvain Arend	Belgium	1902	1992

Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander	Germany	1799	1875

Aristarchus of Samos	Greece	circa 310 BC	circa 230 BC

Christoph Arnold	Germany	1650	1695

Halton Christian Arp	USA	1927	2013

Svante Arrhenius	Sweden	1859	1927

Arzachel	Spain	1028	1087

Asada Goryu	Japan	1734	1799

Atsuo Asami	Japan

Giuseppe Asclepi	Italy	1706	1776

Joseph Ashbrook	USA	1918	1980

Arthur Auwers	Germany	1838	1915

Adrien Auzout	France	1622	1691

David Axon	England	1951	2012

Brahmagupta	India	598	668 CE

Bhaskara I	India	629 CE

Bhaskara II	India	1114	1185

Walter Baade	Germany	1893	1960

Harold D. Babcock	USA	1882	1968

Horace W. Babcock	USA	1912	2003

Oskar Backlund	Sweden	1846	1916

John N. Bahcall	USA	1934	2005

Yoshiaki Banno	Japan	1952	1991

Benjamin Baillaud	France	1848	1934

Jules Baillaud	France	1876	1960

Jean-Baptiste Baille	France	1841	1918

Jean Sylvain Bailly	France	1736	1793

Francis Baily	UK	1774	1844

John Bainbridge	UK	1582	1643

John E. Baldwin	UK	1934

Sallie Baliunas	USA	1953

Zoltán Balog	Hungary/USA	1972

Benjamin Banneker	USA	1731	1806

Pietro Baracchi	Italy Australia	1851	1926

Beatriz Barbuy	Brazil	1950

Edward Emerson Barnard	USA	1857	1923

Stefi Baum	USA

Julius Bauschinger	Germany	1860	1934

Johann Bayer	Germany	1572	1625

Antonín Bečvář	Slovakia	1901	1965

Wilhelm Beer	Germany	1797	1850

Sergei Ivanovich Belyavsky	Russia	1883	1953

Charles L. Bennett	USA	1956

Jocelyn Bell Burnell	UK	1943

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel	Germany	1784	1846

Somnath Bharadwaj	India

Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela	Austria	1782	1856

Ludwig Biermann	Germany	1907	1986

Wolf Bickel	Germany	1942

Guillaume Bigourdan	France	1851	1932

James Binney	UK	1950

Al-Biruni	Khwarezm/Persia	973	1048

Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan	Russia	1941

Adriaan Blaauw	Netherlands	1914	2010

Nathaniel Bliss	UK	1700	1764

Johann Elert Bode	Germany	1747	1826

Alfred Bohrmann	Germany	1904	2000

Bart Bok	Netherlands	1906	1983

Charles Thomas Bolton	USA	1943

John Gatenby Bolton	UK/Australia	1922	1993

William Cranch Bond	USA	1789	1859

Thomas Bopp	USA	1949

Alphonse Borrelly	France	1842	1926

Rudjer Boscovich	Dalmatia	1711	1787

Lewis Boss	USA	1846	1912

Alexis Bouvard	France	1767	1843

Rychard Bouwens	USA	1972

Edward L. G. Bowell	USA	1943

Ira Sprague Bowen	USA	1898	1973

Louis Boyer	France	1901	1999

Brian J. Boyle	Scotland and Australia	1960

Ronald N. Bracewell	Australia USA	1921	2007

James Bradley	UK	1693	1762

William A. Bradfield	New Zealand Australia	1927	2014

Tycho Brahe	Denmark	1546	1601

John Alfred Brashear	USA	1840	1920

William Robert Brooks	USA	1844	1922

Theodor Brorsen	Denmark	1819	1895

Dirk Brouwer	Netherlands–USA	1902	1966

Ernest William Brown	UK	1866	1938

Michael (Mike) E. Brown	USA	1965

Hermann Alexander Brück	Germany	1905	2000

Ismael Bullialdus	France	1605	1694

Margaret Burbidge	UK	1919

Robert Burnham Jr.	USA	1931	1993

Rosaly Lopes	BR	1957

Sherburne Wesley Burnham	USA	1838	1921

Schelte J. Bus	USA	1956

Bimla Buti	India	1933

Alastair G. W. Cameron	Canada	1925	2005

William Wallace Campbell	USA	1862	1938

Annie Jump Cannon	USA	1863	1941

Luigi Carnera	Italy	1875	1962

Edwin Francis Carpenter	USA	1898	1963

James Carpenter	UK	1840	1899

Richard Christopher Carrington	UK	1826	1875

Sir John Carroll	UK	1899	1974

César-François Cassini de Thury	France	1714	1784

Dominique, comte de Cassini	France	1748	1845

Giovanni Domenico Cassini	France	1625	1712

Jacques Cassini	France	1677	1756

Bonaventura Cavalieri	Italy	1598	1647

Anders Celsius	Sweden	1701	1744

Vincenzo Cerulli	Italy	1859	1927

Jean Chacornac	France	1823	1873

Merieme Chadid	France	1969

James Challis	UK	1803	1882

Radha Gobinda Chandra	Bangladesh India	1878	1975

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	India USA	1910	1995

Carl Charlier	Sweden	1862	1934

Auguste Charlois	France	1864	1910

Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh	Russia/Ukraine	1935	2017

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh	Russia/Ukraine	1931

James Christy	USA	1938

Edwin Foster Coddington	USA	1870	1950

Jérôme Eugène Coggia	France	1849	1919

Josep Comas i Solà	Spain	1868	1937

Andrew Ainslie Common	UK	1841	1903

Guy Consolmagno	USA	1952

Nicolaus Copernicus	1473	1543	Heliocentric model of the solar system.

Corsono Carsono	Spain

Janine Connes	France	1934

Pablo Cottenot	France

Heather Couper	UK	1949

Leopold Courvoisier	Switzerland	1873	1955

Arthur Edwin Covington	Canada	1914	2001

Philip Herbert Cowell	UK	1870	1949

Thomas George Cowling	UK	1906	1990

Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin	UK	1865	1939

Luíz Cruls	Brazil	1848	1908

James Cuffey	USA	1911	1999

Heber Doust Curtis	USA	1872	1942

Alexander Dalgarno	USA	1928

Jacques Eugène d'Allonville	France	1671	1732

Andre Louis Danjon	France	1890	1967

Heinrich d'Arrest	Germany	1822	1875

George Howard Darwin	UK	1845	1912

Roger Davies	UK	1954

Leonardo da Vinci	Italy	1452	1519

William Rutter Dawes	UK	1799	1868

Bernhard Dawson	Argentina	1890	1960

Leo de Ball	Germany Austria	1853	1916

Henri Debehogne	Belgium	1928	2007

Annibale de Gasparis	Italy	1819	1892

Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre	France	1749	1822

Charles-Eugène Delaunay	France	1816	1872

Eugène Joseph Delporte	Belgium	1882	1955

Audrey C. Delsanti	France	1976

William Frederick Denning	UK	1848	1931

Alíz Derekas	Hungary	1977

Henri-Alexandre Deslandres	France	1853	1948

Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch	Russia	1900	1986

Gérard de Vaucouleurs	France USA	1918	1995

Robert Dicke	USA	1916	1997

Terence Dickinson	Canada	1943

Thomas Digges	UK	1546	1595

Herbert Dingle	USA	1890	1978

Andrea Di Paola	Italy	1970

Ewine van Dishoeck	Netherlands	1955

Giovanni Battista Donati	Italy	1826	1873

Frank Drake	USA	1930

Henry Draper	USA	1837	1882

John Dreyer	Ireland	1852	1926

Alexander D. Dubyago	Russia	1903	1959

Dmitrij I. Dubyago	Russia	1850	1918

Jean C. B. Dufay	France	1896	1967

Raymond Smith Dugan	USA	1878	1940

James Dunlop	Scotland	1793	1848

Petar Đurković	Serbia	1908	1981

Frank Watson Dyson	UK	1868	1939

Arthur Eddington	UK	1882	1944

Frank K. Edmondson	USA	1912	2008

Olin J. Eggen	USA	1919	1998

David J. Eicher	USA	1961

Albert Einstein	Germany	1879	1955

Eise Eisinga	Netherlands	1744	1828

Eric Walter Elst	Belgium	1936

Johann Franz Encke	Germany	1791	1865

Kin Endate	Japan	1960

Eratosthenes	Alexandria	276 BC	194 BC

Emil Ernst	Germany

Ernest Esclangon	France	1876	1954

Fred Espenak	USA	1953

Larry W. Esposito	USA	1951

Eudoxus	Cnidus	circa 408 BC	circa 355 BC

Robert Evans	Australia	1937

David Fabricius	Netherlands	1564	1617

Sandra M. Faber	USA	1945

Johannes Fabricius	Netherlands	1587	1615

Fearon Fallows	UK	1789	1831

Hervé Faye	France	1814	1902

Charles Fehrenbach	France	1914	2008

Farghani	Persia	800	870

James Ferguson	USA	1797	1867

Alex Filippenko	USA	1958

Erwin Finlay-Freundlich	Germany	1885	1964

Axel Firsoff	UK	1910	1981

Debra Fischer	United States

J. Richard Fisher

Camille Flammarion	France	1842	1925

Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion	France	1867	1962

John Flamsteed	UK	1646	1719

Honoré Flaugergues	France	1755	1835

Williamina Fleming	USA	1857	1911

Wilhelm Julius Foerster	Germany	1832	1921

Alfred Fowler	UK	1868	1940

William Alfred Fowler	USA	1911	1995

Philip Fox	USA	1878	1944

Andrew Fraknoi	USA	1948

Joseph von Fraunhofer	Germany	1787	1826

Herbert Friedman	USA	1916	2000

Dirk D. Frimout	Belgium	1941

Edwin Brant Frost	USA	1866	1935

Shigehisa Fujikawa	Japan

Naoshi Fukushima	Japan	1925	2003

Kiichirō Furukawa	Japan

Toshimasa Furuta	Japan

Bryan Gaensler	Australia	1973

Gan De	China	fl. 4th century BC

Galileo Galilei	Italy	1564	1642

Julio Garavito Armero	Colombia	1865	1920

Gordon J. Garradd	Australia	1959

Ben Gascoigne	New Zealand Australia	1915	2010

Margaret Geller	United States	1947

Gautama Siddha	China	fl. 8th century AD

Johann Gottfried Galle	Germany	1812	1910

George Gamow	Russia USA	1904	1968

Carl Friedrich Gauss	Germany	1777	1855

Tom Gehrels	USA	1957

Robert Gendler	USA	1957

Andrea M. Ghez	USA	1965

Riccardo Giacconi	Italy	1931	2018

Michel Giacobini	France	1873	1938

Henry L. Giclas	USA	1910	2007

David Gill	UK	1843	1914

Ian Glass	Ireland/South Africa	1939

Thomas Gold	USA	1920	2004

Leo Goldberg	USA	1913	1987

Peter Goldreich	USA	1939

Hermann Goldschmidt	Germany	1802	1866

François Gonnessiat	France	1856	1934

John Goodricke	UK	1764	1786

Alyssa A. Goodman	USA	1962

Abu Sa'id Gorgani	Persia	9th century

Paul Götz	Germany	1883	1962

Benjamin Apthorp Gould	USA	1824	1896

Andrew Graham	Ireland	1815	1907

Kathryn Aurora Gray	Canada	2000

Charles Green	England	1735	1771

Jesse Greenstein	USA	1909	2002

John Grunsfeld	USA	1956

Jay U. Gunter	United States	1911	1994

Alexander A. Gurshtein	Russia	1937

Bengt Gustafsson	Sweden	1943

Guo Shoujing	China	1231	1316

Alan Harvey Guth	USA	1947

Yusuke Hagihara	Japan	1897	1979

Alan Hale	USA	1958

George Ellery Hale	USA	1868	1938

Asaph Hall	USA	1829	1907

Edmond Halley	England	1656	1742

Heidi Hammel	USA	1960

Mario Hamuy	Chile

Peter Andreas Hansen	Denmark	1795	1874

Abulfazl Harawi	Persia	10th century

Karl Ludwig Harding	Germany	1765	1834

Thomas Hariot	UK	1560	1621

Guillermo Haro	Mexico	1913	1988

Robert George Harrington	USA	1904	1987

Robert Sutton Harrington	USA	1942	1993

Edward Robert Harrison	UK USA	1917	2007

William Kenneth Hartmann	USA	1939

Lisa Harvey-Smith	Australia	1979

Takeo Hatanaka	Japan	1914	1963

Stephen Hawking	UK	1942	2018

Will Hay	UK	1888	1949

Chushiro Hayashi	Japan	1920	2010

Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann	Germany	1901	1983

Carl Heiles	USA	1939

Joseph Helffrich	Germany	1872	1971

Eleanor Helin	USA	1932	2009

Maximilian Hell	Austria-Hungary	1720	1792

Karl Ludwig Hencke	Germany	1793	1866

Thomas Henderson	Scotland	1798	1844

Paul Henry	France	1848	1905

Prosper Henry	France	1849	1903

Abraham bar Hiyya	Spanish Jewish	1070	1136

George Howard Herbig	USA	1920	2013

Carl W. Hergenrother	USA	1973

Caroline Herschel	UK	1750	1848

John Herschel	UK	1792	1871

William Herschel	UK Germany	1738	1822

Ejnar Hertzsprung	Denmark	1873	1967

Johannes Hevelius	Poland	1611	1687

Antony Hewish	UK	1924

George William Hill	USA	1838	1914

John Russell Hind	UK	1823	1895

Hipparchus	Nicaea	circa 190 BC	120 BC

Masanori Hirasawa	Japan

Kiyotsugu Hirayama	Japan	1874	1943

Shin Hirayama	Japan	1868	1945

Gustave-Adolphe Hirn	France	1815	1890

Sebastian von Hoerner	Germany	1919	2003

Cuno Hoffmeister	Germany	1892	1968

Dorrit Hoffleit	USA	1907	2007

Helen Sawyer Hogg	Canada	1905	1993

Minoru Honda	Japan	1917	1990

Kamil Hornoch	Czech Republic	1972

Jeremiah Horrocks	UK	circa 1619	1641

Cornelis Johannes van Houten	Netherlands	1920	2002

Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld	Netherlands	1921	2015

Martin van den Hove	Netherlands	1605	1639

Herbert Alonzo Howe	United States	1858	1926

Fred Hoyle	UK	1915	2001

Edwin Powell Hubble	USA	1889	1953

William Huggins	UK	1824	1910

Russell Alan Hulse	USA	1950

Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst	Netherlands	1918	2000

Milton Lasell Humason	USA	1891	1972

Thomas John Hussey	England	1792	1854

Christiaan Huygens	Netherlands	1629	1695

Yuji Hyakutake	Japan	1950	2002

Josef Allen Hynek	USA	1910	1986

Christopher Hansteen	Norway	1784	1873

Icko Iben Jr.	USA	1931

Kaoru Ikeya	Japan	1943

Chris Impey	UK/USA	1956

Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes	Scotland/South Africa	1861	1933

Shigeru Inoda	Japan

Jamal Nazrul Islam	Bangladesh	1939	2013

Edward Israel	USA	1859	1884

Iwahashi Zenbei	Japan	1756	1811

Masayuki Iwamoto	Japan

Shun-ei Izumikawa	Japan

Cyril V. Jackson	South Africa	1903	1988

Pierre Jules César Janssen	France	1824	1907

James Jeans	UK	1877	1946

Benjamin Jekhowsky	Russia France Algeria	1881	1953

Louise Freeland Jenkins	USA	1888	1970

David C. Jewitt	UK	1958

Jiao Bingzhen	China	1689	1726

John A. Johnson	USA

Alfred Harrison Joy	USA	1882	1973

Vinod Johri	India	1935

Ali Kuşçu	Türkiye	1403	1474

Tetsuo Kagawa	Japan

Franz Kaiser	Germany	1891	1962

Piet van de Kamp	Netherlands/USA	1901	1995

Kiyotaka Kanai	Japan	1951

Hiroshi Kaneda	Japan	1953

Henry Kandrup	USA	1955	2003

Jacobus Kapteyn	Netherlands	1851	1922

Lyudmila Karachkina	Ukraine	1948

Ghiyath al-Kashi	Persia	1380	1429

Jeffrey Owen Katz	USA	1960

Karlis Kaufmanis	Latvia/United States	1910	2003

Kōyō Kawanishi	Japan	1959

Nobuhiro Kawasato	Japan

James Edward Keeler	USA	1857	1900

Paul Kempf	Germany	1856	1920

Johannes Kepler	Germany	1571	1630

Omar Khayyám	Persia	1048	1131

Al-Khujandi	Persia	10th century

Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī	Persia	780	850

Kidinnu	Babylon	4th century BC	d. 330 BC?

Hisashi Kimura	Japan	1870	1943

Maria Margarethe Kirch	Germany	1670	1720

Daniel Kirkwood	USA	1814	1895

Robert Kirshner	USA	1949

Minoru Kizawa	Japan

Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues	Germany	1827	1884

Viktor Knorre	Russia	1840	1919

Takao Kobayashi	Japan	1961

Toru Kobayashi	Japan

Luboš Kohoutek	1935

Masahiro Koishikawa	Japan	1952

Nobuhisa Kojima	Japan	1933

Takuo Kojima	Japan

Yoji Kondo	Japan	1933

Zdeněk Kopal	Czech Republic UK USA	1914	1993

August Kopff	Germany	1882	1960

Korado Korlević	Croatia	1958

Hiroki Kosai	Japan	1933

Charles T. Kowal	USA	1940

Robert Kraft	USA	1927

Ľubor Kresák	Slovakia	1927	1994

Heinrich Kreutz	Germany	1854	1927

Edwin C. Krupp	USA	1944

Kazuo Kubokawa	Japan	1903	1943

Marc Kuchner	USA	1972

Gerard Kuiper	Netherlands USA	1905	1973

Donald Kurtz	1948

Reiki Kushida	Japan

Yoshio Kushida	Japan	1957

György Kulin	Austria-Hungary	1905	1989

Lagadha	India	1st millennium BCE

Nicolas Louis de Lacaille	France	1713	1762

Elizabeth Lada	USA

Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist	Sweden	1944

Joseph-Louis Lagrange	France	1736	1813

Jérôme Lalande	France	1732	1807

Johann Heinrich Lambert	France Germany	1728	1777

David J. Lane	Canada	1963

Andrew E. Lange	United States	1957	2010

Samuel Pierpont Langley	USA	1834	1906

Pierre-Simon Laplace	France	1749	1827

Jacques Laskar	France	1955

William Lassell	UK	1799	1880

Joseph Jean Pierre Laurent	France

Henrietta Swan Leavitt	USA	1868	1921

Typhoon Lee	USA Taiwan

Guillaume Le Gentil	France	1725	1792

Georges Lemaître	Belgium	1894	1966

Pierre Lemonnier	France	1715	1799

Frederick C. Leonard	USA	1896	1960

Armin Leuschner	U.S.	1868	1953

Geraint Lewis	Australia	1969

Urbain Le Verrier	France	1811	1877

Li Fan	China	fl. 1st century AD

Bertil Lindblad	Sweden	1895	1965

Adolph Friedrich Lindemann	Germany UK	1846	1927

Chris Lintott	UK	1980

Joseph Johann Littrow	Austria	1781	1840

Karl L. Littrow	Austria	1811	1877

Liu Xin	China	fl. 1st century AD

Joseph Lockyer	UK	1836	1920

Maurice Loewy	Austria France	1833	1907

Christian Sørensen Longomontanus	Denmark	1562	1647

Bernard Lovell	UK	1913	2012

Percival Lowell	USA	1855	1916

Ángel López	Spain	1955

Álvaro López-García	Spain

John William Lubbock	UK	1803	1865

Knut Lundmark	Sweden	1889	1958

Robert Luther	Germany	1822	1900

Lupitus of Barcelona	Spain

Jane Luu	South Vietnam USA	1965

Willem Luyten	Dutch East Indies Netherlands	1899	1994

Donald Lynden-Bell	UK	1935

Andrew Lyne	UK	1942

Bernard Lyot	France	1897	1952

Mahendra Suri	India	14th century CE

Ma Yize	China	910	1005

Adriaan van Maanen	USA	1884	1946

George Parker 2nd Earl of Macclesfield	UK	c. 1697	1764

Amy Mainzer	USA	1974

Steve Mandel	USA

Geoff Marcy	USA	1954

Simon Marius	Germany	1573	1624

Brian G. Marsden	USA	1937	2010

Albert Marth	Germany	1828	1897

Nevil Maskelyne	UK	1732	1811

Charles Mason	UK USA	1730	1787

John C. Mather	USA	1946

Janet Akyüz Mattei	Turkey USA	1943	2004

Edward Walter Maunder	UK	1851	1928

Pierre Louis Maupertuis	France	1698	1759

Alain Maury	France	1958

Matthew Fontaine Maury	USA	1806	1873

Brian May	UK	1947

Cornell Mayer	United States	1922	2005

Tobias Mayer	Germany	1723	1762

Michel Mayor	Switzerland	1942

Christopher McKee	USA	1942

Robert S. McMillan	USA

William H. McCrea	UK	1904	1999

Bruce A. McIntosh	Canada	1929

Robert H. McNaught	Australia

Pierre Méchain	France	1744	1804

Thebe Medupe	South Africa

Karen Jean Meech	USA	1959

Aden Baker Meinel	USA	1922	2011

Fulvio Melia	USA	1956

Philibert Jacques Melotte	UK	1880	1961

Paul Willard Merrill	USA	1887	1961

David Merritt	USA

Charles Messier	France	1730	1817

Joel Hastings Metcalf	USA	1866	1925

Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos	USA	1947	1997

John Michell	UK	1724	1793

Elia Millosevich	Italy	1848	1919

Edward Arthur Milne	UK	1896	1950

Rudolph Minkowski	Germany	1895	1976

Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert	Belgium Netherlands	1893	1970

Maria Mitchell	USA	1818	1889

Seidai Miyasaka	Japan	1955

Yoshikane Mizuno	Japan

August Ferdinand Möbius	Germany	1790	1868

Anthony Moffat	Canada

Johan Maurits Mohr	Netherlands	1716	1775

Samuel Molyneux	UK	1689	1728

Geminiano Montanari	Italy	1633	1687

Patrick Moore	UK	1923	2012

William Wilson Morgan	USA	1906	1994

Hiroshi Mori	Japan	1958

Amédée Mouchez	France	1821	1892

Antonín Mrkos	Czech Republic	1918	1996

Jean Mueller	USA	1950

Masaru Mukai	Japan	1949

Gustav Müller	Germany	1851	1925

Johannes Müller	Germany	1436	1476

Harutaro Murakami	Japan	1872	1947

Osamu Muramatsu	Japan	1949

bin Musa Ahmad	Persia	805	873

bin Musa Hasan	Persia	810	873

bin Musa Muhammad	Persia	(800	873

Nils Mustelin	Finland	1931	2004

Nilakantha Somayaji	India	1444	1544

Valentin Naboth	Germany Italy	1523	1593

Naburimannu	Babylonia	sometime between 6th century BC and 2nd century BC

Takeshi Nagata	Japan	1913	1991

Ahmad Nahavandi	Persia	7th–8th century

Akimasa Nakamura	Japan	1961

Syuichi Nakano	Japan	1947

Jayant Narlikar	India	1938

Naubakht	Persia	d. 776

David Naylor	Canada

Al-fadl ibn Naubakht	Persia	8th century

Otto Neugebauer	Germany USA	1899	1990

Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin	Russia	1886	1946

Simon Newcomb	USA	1835	1909

Isaac Newton	UK	1643	1727

Seth Barnes Nicholson	USA	1891	1963

Albertus Antonie Nijland	Netherlands	1868	1936

Tsuneo Niijima	Japan

Peter Nilson	Sweden	1937	1998

Hōei Nojiri	Japan	1885	1977

Jaime Nomen	Spain

Toshiro Nomura	Japan	1954

Knut Jørgen Røed Ødegaard	Norway	1966

Okuro Oikawa	Japan	1896	1970

Tarmo Oja	Sweden

Tomimaru Okuni	Japan	1931

Nicolaus Olahus	Hungarian	1493	1568

Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers	Germany	1758	1840

Gerard O'Neill	USA	1927	1992

Jan Hendrik Oort	Netherlands	1900	1992

Pieter Oosterhoff	Netherlands	1904	1978

Ernst Öpik	Estonia Ireland	1893	1985

José Luis Ortiz Moreno	Spain

Yoshiaki Oshima	Japan

Donald Edward Osterbrock	USA	1924	2007

Liisi Oterma	Finland	1915	2001

Satoru Otomo	Japan	1957

Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans	Netherlands	1827	1906

Rafael Pacheco	Spain

Bohdan Paczyński	Poland	1940	2007

Ľudmila Pajdušáková	Slovakia	1916	1979

Johann Palisa	Austria	1848	1925

Johann Palitzsch	Germany	1723	1788

Anton Pannekoek	Netherlands	1873	1960

Eugene Parker	USA	1927

George Parker 2nd Earl of Macclesfield	UK	c. 1697	1764

William Parsons (Lord Rosse)	Ireland	1800	1867

André Patry	France	1902	1960

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin	UK USA	1900	1979

Ruby Payne-Scott	Australia	1912	1981

James Peebles	Canada USA	1935

Leslie Copus Peltier	USA	1900	1980

Roger Penrose	UK	1931

Arno Penzias	USA Germany	1933

Saul Perlmutter	USA

Charles Dillon Perrine	USA Argentina	1867	1951

Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin	France	1845	1904

Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters	Germany USA	1813	1890

George Henry Peters	USA	1863	1947

Mark M. Phillips	USA	1951

Giuseppe Piazzi	Italy	1746	1826

Edward Charles Pickering	USA	1846	1919

William Henry Pickering	USA	1858	1938

Maynard Pittendreigh	USA	1954

Phil Plait	USA

Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana	Italy	1781	1864

Petrus Plancius	Netherlands	1552	1622

John Stanley Plaskett	Canada	1865	1941

Norman Robert Pogson	UK	1829	1891

Christian Pollas	France

John Pond	England	1767	1836

Jean-Louis Pons	France	1761	1831

Carolyn Porco	USA	1953

Vladimír Porubčan	Slovakia	1940

Charles Pritchard	UK	1808	1893

Richard Proctor	England	1837	1888

Milorad B. Protić	Serbia	1911	2001

Ptolemy of Alexandria	Roman Egypt	circa 85	165

Pierre Puiseux	France	1855	1928

Georg Purbach	Germany	1423	1461

Pythagoras of Samos	580 BC	500 BC

Paris Pişmiş	1911	1999

Adolphe Quetelet	Belgium	1796	1874

Ali Qushji	Ottoman	1403	1474

M. Shahid Qureshi	Pakistan

David Lincoln Rabinowitz	USA	1960

Narayan Chandra Rana	India	1954	1996

Grote Reber	USA	1911	2002

Martin Rees	UK	1942

Hubert Reeves	CA	1932

Johannes Müller	Germany	1436	1476

Julius Reichelt	Germany	1637	1717

Erasmus Reinhold	Prussia Germany	1511	1553

Karl Reinmuth	Germany	1892	1979

Pieter Johannes van Rhijn	Netherlands	1886	1960

Giovanni Battista Riccioli	Italy	1598	1671

Jean Richer	France	1630	1696

Adam Riess	USA

Fernand Rigaux	Belgium

George Willis Ritchey	USA	1864	1945

David Rittenhouse	USA	1732	1796

Hans-Walter Rix	Germany	1964

Arjen Roelofs	Netherlands	1754	1824

Elizabeth Roemer	USA	1929

Roger of Hereford	England	c. 1176	1198

Ole Christensen Rømer	Denmark	1644	1710

Otto A. Rosenberger	Germany	1800	1890

Svein Rosseland	Norway	1894	1985

Bruno Rossi	Italy	1905	1993

Vera Rubin	USA	1928

Henry Chamberlain Russell	Australia	1836	1907

Henry Norris Russell	USA	1877	1957

Martin Ryle	UK	1918	1984

Sir Edward Sabine	Ireland	1788	1883

Carl Sagan	USA	1934	1996

Megh Nad Saha	India	1893	1956

Edwin Ernest Salpeter	Austria Australia USA	1924	2008

Allan Rex Sandage	USA	1926	2010

Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen	Netherlands	1838	1923

Wallace Leslie William Sargent	UK USA	1935	2012

Anneila Sargent	UK USA	1942

Naoto Sato	Japan	1953

Alexandre Schaumasse	France	1882	1958

Giovanni Schiaparelli	Italy	1835	1910

Frank Schlesinger	USA	1871	1943

Bernhard Schmidt	Estonia Sweden Germany	1879	1935

Brian P. Schmidt	USA

Maarten Schmidt	Netherlands	1929

Robert Schommer	USA	1946	2001

Johann Hieronymus Schröter	Germany	1745	1816

Lipót Schulhof	Hungary	1847	1921

Heinrich Christian Schumacher	Germany	1780	1850

Hans-Emil Schuster	Germany	1934

Samuel Heinrich Schwabe	Germany	1789	1875

Karl Schwarzschild	Germany	1873	1916

Martin Schwarzschild	Germany USA	1912	1997

Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann	Germany	1870	1964

James Vernon Scotti	USA	1960

Frederick Hanley Seares	USA	1873	1964

George Mary Searle	USA	1839	1918

Angelo Secchi	Italy	1818	1878

Sadao Sei	Japan

Waltraut Seitter	Germany	1930	2007

Tsutomu Seki	Japan	1930

Carl Keenan Seyfert	USA	1911	1960

Grigory Abramovich Shajn	Russia	1892	1956

Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn	Russia	1894	1956

Harlow Shapley	USA	1885	1972

Richard Sheepshanks	UK	1794	1855

Shen Kuo	China	1031	1095

Shi Shen	China	fl. 4th century BC

Shibukawa Shunkai	Japan	1639	1715

Yoshisada Shimizu	Japan

Shinzo Shinjo	Japan	1873	1938

Qutb eddin Shirazi	Persia	1236	1311

Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky	Russia	1916	1985

Vladimir Shkodrov	Bulgaria	1930	2010

Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker	USA	1929

Eugene Merle Shoemaker	USA	1928	1997

Edward M. Sion	USA	1946

Willem de Sitter	Netherlands	1872	1934

Charlotte Moore Sitterly	USA	1898	1990

Brian A. Skiff	USA

John Francis Skjellerup	Australia South Africa	1875	1952

Vesto Melvin Slipher	USA	1875	1969

William Marshall Smart	UK	1889	1975

Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova	Russia	1918

George Smoot	USA	1945

William Henry Smyth	UK	1788	1865

Snell	Netherlands	1580	1626

Mary Fairfax Somerville	UK	1780	1872

Sir James South	UK	1785	1867

Sir Harold Spencer Jones	UK	1890	1960

Lyman Spitzer	USA	1914	1997

Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer	Germany	1822	1895

Rainer Spurzem	Germany	1956

Anton Staus	Germany	1872	1955

Joel Stebbins	USA	1878	1966

Johan Stein	Netherlands	1871	1951

Karl August von Steinheil	Germany	1801	1870

Édouard Stephan	France	1837	1923

David J. Stevenson	New Zealand	1948

Edward James Stone	1831	1897

F. J. M. Stratton	UK	1881	1960

Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren	Denmark	1908	1987

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve	Germany Russia	1793	1864

Karl Hermann Struve	Russia Germany	1854	1920

Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve	Russia	1858	1920

Otto Struve	Russia USA	1897	1963

Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve	Russia	1819	1905

Su Song	China	1020	1101

Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi	Persia	903	986

Matsuo Sugano	Japan

Atsushi Sugie	Japan

Nicholas Suntzeff	USA	1952

Rashid Alievich Sunyaev	Uzbekistan Russia Germany	1943

Shohei Suzuki	Japan

Lewis A. Swift	USA	1820	1913

Frédéric Sy	France

Samad Rizvi	Pakistan	1924	2009

Akihiko Tago	Japan	1932

Atsushi Takahashi	Japan

Kesao Takamizawa	Japan	1952

Jill Tarter	USA	1944

Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.	USA	1941

John Tebbutt	Australia	1834	1916

Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel	Germany	1821	1889

Thabit ibn Qurra	Iraq	826	901

Thorvald Nicolai Thiele	Denmark	1838	1910

Louis Thollon	France	1829	1887

Norman G. Thomas	USA

John Thome	USA Argentina	1843	1908

Kip Stephen Thorne	USA	1940

Friedrich Tietjen	Germany	1834	1895

Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley	New Zealand USA	1941	1981

François Félix Tisserand	France	1845	1896

Johann Daniel Titius	Germany	1729	1796

Yasuo Tanaka	Japan

Clyde W. Tombaugh	USA	1906	1997

Kōichirō Tomita	Japan	1925	2006

Richard Tousey	USA	1908	1997

Charles Townes	USA

Virginia Trimble	USA

Chad Trujillo	USA	1973

Robert Julius Trumpler	USA	1886	1956

R. Brent Tully	USA

Herbert Hall Turner	England	1861	1930

Nasir al-Din Tusi	Persia	1201	1274

Horace Parnell Tuttle	USA	1839	1923

Neil deGrasse Tyson	USA	1958

Seiji Ueda	Japan	1952

Ulugh Beg	Persia	1394	1449

Antonio de Ulloa	Spain	1716	1795

Albrecht Unsöld	Germany	1905	1995

Takeshi Urata	Japan

Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi	Persia	c. 1200	1266

Fumiaki Uto	Japan

Yrjö Väisälä	Finland	1891	1971

Benjamin Valz	France	1787	1867

James Van Allen	USA	1914	2006

George Van Biesbroeck	Belgium USA	1880	1974

Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst	Netherlands	1918	2000

Peter van de Kamp	USA	1901	1995

Sidney van den Bergh	Canada	1929

Martin van den Hove	Netherlands	1605	1639

Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen	Netherlands	1838	1923

Hendrik van Gent	Netherlands South Africa	1900	1947

Cornelis Johannes van Houten	Netherlands	1920	2002

Pieter Johannes van Rhijn	Netherlands	1886	1960

Gérard de Vaucouleurs	France USA	1918	1995

Zdeňka Vávrová	Czech Republic or Slovakia

Jean-Pierre Verdet	France	1932

Philippe Véron	France	1939

Frank Washington Very	United States	1852	1927

Yvon Villarceau	France	1813	1883

Julie Vinter Hansen	Denmark	1890	1960

Hermann Carl Vogel	Germany	1841	1907

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve	Germany Russia	1793	1864

Otto Wilhelm von Struve	Russia	1819	1905

Alexander N. Vyssotsky	Russia USA	1888	1973

Emma Vyssotsky	USA	1894	1975

Arno Arthur Wachmann	Germany	1902	1990

Abul Wáfa	Persia	940	997-8

Walcher of Malvern	England	1135

George Wallerstein	1930

William Wales	UK	ca. 1734	1798

Qingde Wang	USA/China

Kazuro Watanabe	Japan	1955

James Craig Watson	USA	1838	1880

Edmund Weaver	UK	1663	1748

Kim Weaver	USA	1969

Thomas William Webb	UK	1807	1885

Alfred Lothar Wegener	Germany	1880	1930

Gary A. Wegner	USA	1944

Wei Pu	China	fl. 11th century

Karl von Weizsäcker	Germany	1912	2007

Godefroy Wendelin	Belgium	1580	1667

Richard M. West	Denmark	1941

Gart Westerhout	Netherlands USA	1927	2012

Bengt Westerlund	Sweden	1921	2008

J. G. Westphal	Germany

Johann Heinrich Westphal	Germany Italy	1794	1831

George Wetherill	1925	2006

John Archibald Wheeler	USA	1911	2008

Fred Lawrence Whipple	USA	1906	2004

Albert Whitford	USA	1905	2002

Mary Watson Whitney	USA	1847	1921

Chandra Wickramasinghe	UK	1939

Paul Wild	Switzerland	1925	2014

Olin C. Wilson	USA	1909	1994

Rogier Windhorst	USA	1955

Robert Wilson	USA	1936

Vincent Wing	UK	1619	1668	Author of the Astronomia Britannica published 1669

John Winthrop	Massachusetts Bay Colony	1714	1779

Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke	Germany	1835	1897

Carl Wirtanen	USA	1910	1990

Jack Wisdom	USA

Gustav Witt	Germany	1866	1946

Maximilian Wolf	Germany	1863	1932

Aleksander Wolszczan	Poland	1946

Richard van der Riet Woolley	UK	1906	1986

Thomas Wright	UK	1711	1786

Issei Yamamoto	Japan	1889	1959

Masayuki Yanai	Japan	1959

Yi Xing	China	683	727

Anne Sewell Young	USA	1871	1961

Charles Augustus Young	USA	1834	1908

James Whitney Young	USA	1941

Franz Xaver von Zach	Germany	1753	1832

Abraham Zacuto	Spain Portugal	1450	1510

John Zarnecki	UK	1949

Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich	USSR	1914	1987

Zhang Daqing	China	1969

Zhang Heng	China	78	139

Zhang Yuzhe	China	1902	1986

Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva	Russia Ukraine

Felix Ziegel	Soviet Union	1920	1988

Zu Chongzhi	China	429	500

Fritz Zwicky	Switzerland USA	1898	1974

Sentence(s)

Seiji Ueda (Japan, born 1952), Ulugh Beg (Persia, 1394–1449), Antonio de Ulloa (Spain, 1716–1795), Albrecht Unsöld (Germany, 1905–1995), Takeshi Urata (Japan), and Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (Persia) are astronomers.

final_sentence: Seiji Ueda (Japan, born 1952), Ulugh Beg (Persia, 1394–1449), Antonio de Ulloa (Spain, 1716–1795), Albrecht Unsöld (Germany, 1905–1995), Takeshi Urata (Japan), and Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (Persia) are astronomers.