List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine
Table of rulers
(Note: Here the numbering of the counts/electors is the same for all counties, as all were titled Counts Palatine (or Elector), despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers.

List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine

Section Title: Table of rulers
Table Section Text: (Note: Here the numbering of the counts/electors is the same for all counties, as all were titled Counts Palatine (or Elector), despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers.

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes

Louis I the Kelheimer	Ludwig der KelheimerErmordungsszene in Johanneskirche(KlosterScheyern) Lkr Paffenhofen Oberbayern.JPG	23 December 1173	1214–1231	15 September 1231	County Palatine of the Rhine	Ludmilla of Bohemia 1204 one child	Son of Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria. Louis obtained the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214.

Otto II the Illustrious	-	7 April 1206	1231–1253	29 November 1253	County Palatine of the Rhine	Agnes of the Palatinate 1222 Worms eleven children	Otto IV served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto IV's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons.

Louis II the Strict	-	13 April 1229	1253–1294	2 February1294	County Palatine of the Rhine	Maria of Brabant 2 August 1254 (executed) no children Anna of Głogów 1260 two children Matilda of Austria 24 October 1273 four children

During a later division of territory among his heirs in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the Nordgau) centred around the town of Amberg.

Rudolph I the Stammerer	-	4 October 1274	1296–1317	12 August 1319	County Palatine of the Rhine	Matilda of Nassau 1 September 1294 Nuremberg six children	Ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his son

In 1327, Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria occupied Palatinate, but wasn't recognized as Count Palatine, as he was defending the position of his younger nephews against the claimancy of his older nephew, Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine.

Rudolph II the Blind	-	8 August 1306	1327–1353	4 October 1353	County Palatine of the Rhine	Anna of Carinthia-Tyrol 1328 one child Margaret of Sicily 1348 no children	Son of Rudolph I.

The Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the right to participate in the election of a Holy Roman Emperor to the Count Palatine, title that evolved to Elector Palatine.

Robert I the Red (Ruprecht I. der Blinde)	-	9 June 1309	1353–1356	16 February 1390	County Palatine of the Rhine	Elisabeth of Namur 1350 or 1358 no children Beatrix of Berg 1385 no children	Son of Rudolph I and brother of Rudolph II. In January 1356 was recognized as the First Elector Palatine.

10 January 1356 – 16 February 1390	Electoral Palatinate

Robert II the Hard (Ruprecht II. der Harte)	-	12 May 1325	16 January 1390 – 6 January 1398	6 January 1398	Electoral Palatinate	Beatrice of Sicily 1345 seven children	Son of the claimant count Adolf.

Robert III the Righteous (Ruprecht III. der Gerechte)	-	5 May 1352	6 January 1398 – 18 May 1410	18 May 1410	Electoral Palatinate	Elisabeth of Nuremberg 27 June 1374 Amberg seven children	Also King of Germany (1400–1410).

Louis III the Bearded (Ludwig III. der Bärtige)	-	23 January 1378	18 May 1410 – 30 December 1436	30 December 1436	Electoral Palatinate	Blanche of England 6 July 1402 Cologne no children Matilda of Savoy 30 November 1417 five children

Stephen I	-	23 June 1385	1410–1459	14 February 1459	Palatinate-Simmern	Anna of Veldenz 10 June 1410 Heidelberg eight children	Son of Robert III, received Simmern after his father's death in 1410. After his own death Zweibrücken split off from Simmern.

John I	-	1383	1410–1443	14 March 1443	Palatinate-Neumarkt	Catherine of Pomerania-Stolp 15 August 1407 Ribe seven children	Son of Robert III, received Neumarkt after his father's death in 1410.

Otto III	-	24 August 1390	1410–1461	5 July 1461	Palatinate-Mosbach	Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut January 1430 Burghausen eight children	Son of Robert III, received Mosbach after his father's death in 1410.

Louis IV the Meek (Ludwig IV. der Sanftmütige)	1 January 1424	30 December 1436 – 13 August 1449	13 August 1449	Electoral Palatinate	Margaret of Savoy 18 October 1445 Heidelberg one child

Christopher I	Kristoffer, 1418-48, av Bayern konung av Danmark Norge och Sverige - Nationalmuseum - 15050.tif	26 February 1416	1443–1448	5/6 January 1448	Palatinate-Neumarkt	Dorothea of Brandenburg 12 September 1445 Copenhagen no children	Also King of the Kalmar Union (1440–1448), in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Left no descendants. Neumarkt reverted to Palatinate-Mosbach.

Neumarkt definitely annexed to Palatinate-Mosbach

Frederick I the Victorious (Friedrich I. der Siegreiche)	-	1 August 1425	13 August 1449 – 12 December 1476	12 December 1476	Electoral Palatinate	Clara Tott 1471/2 (morganatic) two children	Brother of his predecessor. Left no legitimate heirs to the Electorate. He was succeeded by his nephew.

Frederick II the Pious	19 November 1417	1459–1480	29 November 1480	Palatinate-Simmern	Margaret of Guelders 6 August 1454 Lobith ten children

Louis V the Black	1424	1459–1489	19 July 1489	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Johanna de Croÿ 20 March 1454 Luxembourg twelve children	Zweibrücken split off from Simmern.

Otto IV the Mathematician	Grab Otto II - Pfalz Mosbach - Neumarkt -014.JPG	26 June 1435	1461–1490	8 April 1499	Palatinate-Mosbach	Unmarried	Had a strong interest in astronomy and mathematics. Abdicated in 1490 to spent the remainder of his life in scientific pursuits.

Mosbach definitely annexed to the Electoral Palatinate

Philip I the Upright (Philipp I. der Aufrichtige)	-	14 July 1448	12 December 1476 – 28 February 1508	28 February 1508	Electoral Palatinate	Margaret of Bavaria 1474 Amberg fourteen children

John II	15 May 1459	1480–1509	27 January 1509	Palatinate-Simmern	Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken 29 September 1481 three children

Alexander I the Lame	26 November 1462	1489–1514	21 October 1514	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 1499 Zweibrücken six children	Sons of Louis the Black, ruled jointly.

Kaspar	11 July 1459	1489–1490	1527	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Amalie of Brandenburg 19 April 1478 Zweibrücken no children

Otto Henry I the Magnanimous	-	10 April 1502	1505–1557	12 February 1559	Palatinate-Neuburg	Susanna of Bavaria 16 October 1529 Neuburg an der Donau no children	Sons of Robert of Palatinate, bishop of Freising (and grandsons of Philip I). Their father married the heiress of Bavaria-Landshut, Elisabeth, was adopted by his father-in-law, and eventually became heir of Bavaria-Landshut.

Philip II the Warlike	-	12 November 1503	1505–1541	4 July 1548	Palatinate-Neuburg	Unmarried

Louis VI the Pacific (Ludwig V. der Friedfertige)	-	2 July 1478	28 February 1508 – 16 March 1544	16 March 1544	Electoral Palatinate	Sibylle of Bavaria 23 February 1511 Heidelberg no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

John III	-	21 March 1492	1509–1557	18 May 1557	Palatinate-Simmern	Beatrix of Baden 22 May 1508 twelve children	He introduced the Reformation into Simmern which led to increased tensions with his neighbours, the Archbishoprics of Trier and Mainz.

Louis VII the Younger	-	14 September 1502	1514–1532	3 December 1532	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Elisabeth of Hesse 10 September 1525 Kassel two children	Sons of Alexander I, ruled jointly. In 1543 Robert created Veldenz to himself.

Robert IV	-	1506	1532–1543	28 July 1544	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg 23 June 1537 three children

1543–1544	Palatinate-Veldenz

Wolfgang I	-	26 September 1526	1532–1557	11 June 1569	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Anna of Hesse 24 February 1544 thirteen children	Son of Louis II, ruled with his uncle Robert until 1543. Inherited Neuburg in 1557.

1557–1569	Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Palatinate-Neuburg

Frederick III the Wise (Friedrich II. der Weise)	-	9 December 1482	16 March 1544 – 26 December 1556	26 December 1556	Electoral Palatinate	Dorothea of Denmark 18 May 1535 Heidelberg no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by a cousin.

(Council of Regency:1544-c.1560)

George John I the Astute	-	11 April 1543	1560–1592	18 April 1592	Palatinate-Veldenz	Anna of Sweden 20 December 1562 eleven children

Otto Henry I the Magnanimous (Ottheinrich. der Großmütige)	-	10 April 1502	26 December 1556 – 12 February 1559	12 February 1559	Electoral Palatinate	Susanna of Bavaria 16 October 1529 Neuburg an der Donau no children	Son of Robert of Palatinate, bishop of Freising. Left no descendants.

Frederick IV the Pious (Friedrich III. der Fromme)	-	14 February 1515	1557–1559	26 October 1576	Palatinate-Simmern	Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach 21 October 1537 Kreuznach eleven children Amalia of Neuenahr 25 April 1569 Heidelberg no children	When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, son of John III and a staunch Calvinist.

12 February 1559 – 26 October 1576	Electoral Palatinate

George	20 February 1518	1559–1569	17 May 1569	Palatinate-Simmern	Elisabeth of Hesse 9 January 1541 one child	Son of John II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

Richard	-	25 July 1521	1569–1598	13 January 1598	Palatinate-Simmern	Julianna of Wied 30 January 1569 four children Emilie of Württemberg 26 March 1578 no children Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz 14 December 1589 no children	Son of John II. Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.

Simmern briefly annexed to the Electoral Palatinate (1598–1610)

John IV the Lame	8 May 1550	1569–1604	12 August 1604	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 1579 Bad Bergzabern nine children	Son of Wolfgang.

Frederick V	-	11 April 1557	1569–1597	17 December 1597	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein	Katharina Sophie of Legnica 26 February 1587 three children	Son of Wolfgang. Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein split off from Zweibrücken.

Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein definitely annexed to Palatinate-Neuburg

Otto Henry II	-	22 July 1567	1569–1604	29 August 1604	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Dorothea Maria of Württemberg 25 November 1582 thirteen children	Son of Wolfgang. Left no surviving children.

Charles I	Carolvs Pfalzgraff bei Rhein.jpeg	4 September 1560	1569–1600	16 December 1600	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld	Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg 23 November 1590 four children	Son of Wolfgang. Left no surviving children. Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld split off from Zweibrücken.

Philip Louis	Philip Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg.JPG	2 October 1547	1569–1604	22 August 1614	Palatinate-Neuburg	Anna of Cleves 27 September 1574 Neuburg an der Donau eight children	Son of Wolfgang. Inherited Sulzbach from his brother Otto Henry.

1604–1614	Palatinate-Neuburg and Palatinate-Sulzbach

Louis VIII the Careless (Ludwig VI. der Leichtsinnige)	-	4 July 1539	26 October 1576 – 22 October 1583	22 October 1583	Electoral Palatinate	Elisabeth of Hesse 8 July 1560 Marburg twelve children Anne of Ostfriesland 12 July 1583 Heidelberg no children

Frederick VI the Righteous (Friedrich IV. der Aufrichtige)	-	5 March 1574	22 October 1583 – 19 September 1610	19 September 1610	Electoral Palatinate	Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau 23 June 1593 Dillenburg eight children	With his adviser Christian of Anhalt, he founded the Evangelical Union of Protestant states in 1608.

Anna of Sweden (regent)	-	19 June 1545	1592–1598	20 March 1610	Palatinate-Veldenz	George John I 20 December 1562 eleven children	Regent on behalf of her sons.

George Gustavus	-	6 February 1564	1598–1634	3 June 1634	Palatinate-Veldenz	Elisabeth of Württemberg 30 October 1586 no children Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 17 May 1601 eleven children	Ruled jointly. In 1598 divided the land: George Gustavus kept Veldenz; John Augustus received Lützelstein; and Louis Philip and George John received jointly received Gutenberg.

John Augustus	-	26 November 1575	1598–1611	18 September 1611	Palatinate-Veldenz (-Lützelstein)	Anne Elizabeth of the Palatinate 1599 no children

Louis Philip I	24 November 1577	1598–1601	24 October 1601	Palatinate-Veldenz (-Gutenberg)	Unmarried

George John II	24 June 1586	1598–1654	29 September 1654	Palatinate-Veldenz (-Gutenberg)	Susanna of Palatinate-Sulzbach 20 December 1562 eleven children

(Council of Regency:1600-c.1608/c.1615)

George William	-	6 August 1591	1608–1669	25 December 1669	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld	Dorothea of Solms-Sonnenwalde 30 November 1616 six children Juliana of Salm-Grumbach 30 November 1641 no children Anne Elizabeth of Öttingen-Öttingen 8 March 1649 no children	Son of Charles I.

Christian I	Christian I. von Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler.jpeg	3 November 1598	1615–1654	6 September 1654	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler	Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 14 November 1630 nine children Maria Joanna of Helffenstein 28 October 1648 one child	Son of Charles I. Received Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, split off from Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld.

John V the Younger	-	26 March 1584	1604–1635	9 August 1635	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Catherine de Rohan 26 August 1604 one child Louise Juliana of the Palatinate 13 May 1612 seven children	Son of John IV. Kept Zweibrücken

Frederick Casimir	10 June 1585	1604–1645	30 September 1645	Palatinate-Landsberg	Emilia Antwerpiana of Orange-Nassau 4 July 1616 Landsberg [de] three children	Son of John IV, received Landsberg.

John Casimir	-	20 April 1589	1604–1652	18 June 1652	Palatinate-Kleeburg	Catherine of Sweden 11 June 1615 Stockholm eight children	Son of John IV, received Kleeburg.

Frederick VII the Winter King (Friedrich V. der Winterkönig)	-	26 August 1596	19 September 1610 – 23 February 1623	29 November 1632	Electoral Palatinate	Elizabeth of Great Britain 14 February 1613 London thirteen children	In 1619, he accepted the throne of Bohemia from the Bohemian estates. He was defeated by the Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself.

Frederick V's territories and his position as elector were transferred to the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian I, of a distantly related branch of the House of Wittelsbach.

Louis Philip II	-	23 November 1602	1610–1655	6 January 1655	Palatinate-Simmern	Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg 4 December 1631 seven children	Son of Elector Frederick, restored Simmern.

Wolfgang William	-	4 November 1578	1614–1653	14 September 1653	Palatinate-Neuburg	Magdalene of Bavaria 11 November 1613 Munich one child Catharina Charlotte of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 11 November 1631 Blieskastel two children Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg 3 June 1651 no children	Son of Philip Louis, inherited Neuburg.

Augustus	-	2 October 1582	1614–1632	14 August 1632	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp 17 July 1620 seven children	Sons of Philip Louis, inherited Sulzbach. John Frederick created Palatinate-Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein, but at his death with no surviving children, Sulzbach became reunited under Augustus' son, Christian August.

John Frederick	23 August 1587	1614–1644	19 October 1644	Palatinate-Sulzbach (-Hilpoltsein)	Sophie Agnes of Hesse-Darmstadt 7/17 November 1624 eight children

Christian Augustus	-	26 July 1622	1632–1708	23 July 1708	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Amalie of Nassau-Siegen 27 March 1649 five children	Reunited Sulzbach after John Frederick's death in 1644.

Leopold Louis	-	1 February 1625	1634–1694	29 September 1694	Palatinate-Veldenz	Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg 4 July 1648 Bischweiler twelve children	Reunited Palatinate-Veldenz 1654. However, left no surviving male descendants. Veldenz went to the Electorate.

Veldenz definitely annexed to the Electoral Palatinate

Frederick VIII	5 April 1619	1635–1661	9 July 1661	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Anna Juliane of Nassau-Saarbrücken 6 April 1640 ten children	Left no male surviving descendants. Zweibrucken was inherited by Landsberg line.

Frederick Louis	Fredrik Ludvig, 1619-1681, pfalzgreve av Landsberg och Zweibrücken - Nationalmuseum - 15766.tif	27 October 1619	1645–1661	11 April 1681	Palatinate-Landsberg	Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 14 November 1645 Düsseldorf thirteen children Anna Marie Elisabeth Hepp 21 August 1672 (morganatic) five children	Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Frederick in 1661, and annexed Landsberg to it. In 1677 the Kingdom of France occupied his duchies.

1661–1677	Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Landsberg was definitely reannexed to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Zweibrücken (with Landsberg) was briefly annexed to the Kingdom of France (1677–1693)

Charles Louis (Karl I. Ludwig)	-	22 December 1617	24 October 1648- 28 August 1680	28 August 1680	Electoral Palatinate (Simmern line restored)	Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel 22 February 1650 Kassel (unilateral divorce in 1658) three children Marie Luise von Degenfeld 6 January 1658 Schwetzingen (morganatic and bigamous) thirteen children Elisabeth Hollander von Bernau 11 December 1679 Vohenstrauß (morganatic) one child	Son of Frederick VII. By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate and was given a new electoral title, also that of "Elector Palatine" but lower in precedence than the other electorates.

Charles Gustavus	-	8 November 1622	1652–1654	13 February 1660	Palatinate-Kleeburg	Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp 24 October 1654 Stockholm one child	Abdicated from Kleeburg in 1654, to become King of Sweden (as Charles X), right hat he inherited from his mother.

John Charles	17 October 1638	1654–1704	21 February 1704	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen	Sophie Amalie of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1685 Weikersheim one child Esther Maria von Witzleben 28 July 1696 five children	Son of Christian I, received Gelnhausen.

Adolph John I	-	21 October 1629	1654–1689	24 October 1689	Palatinate-Kleeburg	Elsa Beata Brahe 19 June 1649 Stockholm one child Elsa Elisabeth Brahe 1661 Stockholm nine children	Brother of Charles Gustavus, received Kleeburg after the abdication of his brother.

Louis Henry	11 October 1640	1655–1674	3 January 1674	Palatinate-Simmern	Maria of Orange-Nassau 23 September 1666 Kleve no children	Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.

Simmern definitely annexed to the Electoral Palatinate

Charles Otto	5 September 1625	1669–1671	30 March 1671	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld	Margaret Hedwig of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 26 September 1658 three children	Left no surviving descendants. Birkenfeld passed to Bischweiler line.

Christian II	Christian II. (Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld).jpeg	22 June 1637	1654–1671	26 April 1717	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler	Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein 5 September 1667 seven children	Son of Christian I, kept Bischweiler, while his brother John Charles gained Gelnhausen.Inherited Birkenfeld from his cousin Charles Otto, and annexed Bischweiler to it.

1671–1717	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler definitely reannexed to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

Charles II (Karl II)	-	10 April 1651	28 August 1680 – 26 May 1685	26 May 1685	Electoral Palatinate	Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark 20 September 1671 Heidelberg no children	Last of Simmern line.

Philip William (Philipp Wilhelm)	-	24 November 1615	1653–1685	2 September 1690	Palatinate-Neuburg	Anna Catherine of Poland 8 June 1642 Warsaw no children Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 3 September 1653 Bad Schwalbach seventeen children	When the Simmern branch of the family died out in 1685, the electorate passed to Philip William of Neuburg (also Duke of Jülich and Berg), son of Wolfgang William.

26 May 1685 – 2 September 1690	Electoral Palatinate

Adolph John II	21 August 1666	1689–1701	27 April 1701	Palatinate-Kleeburg	Unmarried	Left no descendants. His lands went to his brother, Gustavus.

John William (Johann Wilhelm)	-	19 April 1658	2 September 1690 – 8 June 1716	8 June 1716	Electoral Palatinate	Maria Anna Josepha of Austria 25 October 1678 Wiener Neustadt two children Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici 6 May 1691 Innsbruck no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

Charles III	-	24 November 1655	1693–1697	5 April 1697	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark 6 May 1680 Skottorp seven children	Son of Charles Gustavus (Charles X of Sweden), assumed the restored Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Also King of Sweden, as Charles XI.

Charles IV	-	17 June 1682	1697–1718	30 November 1718	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Unmarried	Son of Charles II. Also King of Sweden, as Charles XII.

Gustavus	-	12 April 1670	1701–1718	17 September 1731	Palatinate-Kleeburg	Dorothea of Palatinate-Veldenz 10 July 1707 no children Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann 13 May 1723 (morganatic) no children	Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Charles III, and annexed Kleeburg to it. Left no descendants.

1718–1731	Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Kleeburg was definitely reannexed to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Frederick Bernard	28 May 1697	1704–1739	5 August 1739	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen	Ernestine Louise of Waldeck-Pyrmont 30 May 1737 Arolsen two children	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John.

Theodore Eustace	-	14 February 1659	1708–1732	11 July 1732	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg 6 June 1692 Lobositz nine children

Charles Philip (Karl III. Philipp)	-	4 November 1661	8 June 1716 - 31 December 1742	31 December 1742	Electoral Palatinate	Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł 10 August 1688 Berlin four children Teresa Lubomirska 15 December 1701 Kraków two children Violante Theresia of Thurn and Taxis 1728 (morganatic) no children	Left no descendants. The Electorate went to Sulzbach line.

Christian III	-	7 November 1674	1717–1731	3 February 1735	Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld	Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken 21 September 1719 Lorentzen four children	Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Gustavus, and annexed Birkenfeld to it.

1731–1735	Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld definitely reannexed to Palatinate-Zweibrücken

John Christian	-	23 January 1700	1732–1733	20 July 1733	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne 15 February 1722 two children Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg 21 January 1731 Mannheim no children

Christian IV	-	6 September 1722	1735–1775	5 November 1775	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Maria Johanna Camasse 1751 (morganatic) six children	His children from his morganatic marriage were barred from succession. He was succeeded by his nephew.

John VI	24 May 1698	1739–1780	10 February 1780	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen	Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun 1743 Dhaun eight children

Charles Theodore (Karl IV Theodor)	11 December 1724	1733-1742	16 February 1799	Palatinate-Sulzbach	Elisabeth Auguste of Palatinate-Sulzbach 17 January 1742 Mannheim one child Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este 15 February 1795 Innsbruck no children	The title and authority of Elector Palatine were subsumed into the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. Charles Theodore and his heirs retaining only the single vote and precedence of the Bavarian elector, though they continued to use the title "Count Palatine of the Rhine" (German: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Latin: Comes Palatinus Rheni).

31 December 1742 - 30 December 1777	Electoral Palatinate

30 December 1777 - 16 February 1799	Electoral Palatinate and Electorate of Bavaria

Charles August	-	29 October 1746	1775–1795	1 April 1795	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Maria Amalia of Saxony 12 February 1774 Dresden no children	Son of Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, brother of Christian IV. Succeeded his uncle, but left no descendants.

Charles John	13/18 September 1745	1780–1789	31 March 1789	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen	Unmarried	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother William.

William	-	10 November 1752	1789–1799	8 January 1837	Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen	Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 30 January 1780 Mannheim three children	In 1799 his lands were annexed to Bavaria.

Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria

Maximilian Joseph (Maximilian I. Joseph)	-	27 May 1756	1795-1799	13 October 1825	Palatinate-Zweibrücken	Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt 30 September 1785 Darmstadt five children Caroline of Baden 9 March 1797 Karlsruhe eight children	Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Zweibrücken (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799.

16 February 1799 - 27 April 1803	Electoral Palatinate and Electorate of Bavaria

27 April 1803 - 1 January 1806	Electorate of Bavaria

Palatinate-Zweibrücken was definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria

Electoral Palatinate was definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria

Sentence(s)

Rupert I "the Red", Elector Palatine (Ruprecht der; 9 June 1309 – 16 February 1390) was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1356 and Elector Palatine from 10 January 1356 to 16 February 1390.

final_sentence: Rupert I "the Red", Elector Palatine (Ruprecht der; 9 June 1309 – 16 February 1390) was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1356 and Elector Palatine from 10 January 1356 to 16 February 1390.