List of rulers of Saxony
Table of rulers
(Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers.

List of rulers of Saxony

Section Title: Table of rulers
Table Section Text: (Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers.

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes

Frederick I the Warlike (Friedrich der Streitbare)	-	11 April 1370	6 January 1423 - 4 January 1428	4 January 1428	Duchy of Saxony and Electorate of Saxony	Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 7 February 1402 seven children	After the Wittenberg line of the Ascanians became extinct, the Electorate was given to Frederick, Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia, of the House of Wettin.

Frederick II the Gentle (Friedrich der Sanftmütige)	-	22 April 1412	4 January 1428 - 7 September 1464	7 September 1464	Duchy of Saxony and Electorate of Saxony	Margaret of Austria 3 June 1431 Leipzig eight children	Son of Frederick I. Ruled jointly in Saxony with his brothers, but was the sole holder of the Electorate.

Ernest I (Ernst)	-	24 March 1441	7 September 1464 - 26 August 1486	26 August 1486	Ernestine Electorate of Saxony	Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich 25 November 1460 Leipzig seven children	Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Ernestine line of Saxon princes.

Albert V the Bold	-	27 January 1443	1464–1500	12 September 1500	Albertine Duchy of Saxony	Sidonie of Poděbrady 11 November 1464 Cheb nine children	Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Albertine line of Saxon princes.

Frederick III the Wise (Friedrich der Weise)	-	17 January 1463	26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525	5 May 1525	Ernestine Electorate of Saxony	Unmarried	Son of Ernest. Protector of Martin Luther, but a lifelong Catholic.

George I the Bearded	-	27 August 1471	1500-1539	17 April 1539	Albertine Duchy of Saxony	Barbara of Poland 21 November 1496 Dresden ten children	Proponent of Catholic Reform and a staunch opponent of Martin Luther. Left no surviving male descendants.

John III the Steadfast (Johann der Beständige)	-	30 June 1468	5 May 1525 - 16 August 1532	16 August 1532	Ernestine Electorate of Saxony	Sophie of Mecklenburg 1 March 1500 Torgau one child Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen 13 November 1513 Torgau four children	Co-regent of his brother Frederick III (26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525), with his own residence at Weimar since 1513.

John Frederick I the Magnanimous (Johann Friedrich I der Großmütige)	-	30 June 1503	16 August 1532 - 19 May 1547	3 March 1554	Ernestine Electorate of Saxony	Sibylle of Cleves 9 February 1527 Torgau four children	Lost his Electoral dignity and territory to his cousin Maurice after being defeated by the Emperor in the Schmalkaldic War. He was left with some territories as the Duchy of Saxony.

19 May 1547 - 1554	Albertine Duchy of Saxony

Henry IV the Pious	-	16 March 1473	1539-1541	18 August 1541	Albertine Duchy of Saxony	Catherine of Mecklenburg 69 January 1541 Marburg nine children	Succeeded his brother of George I. He established Lutheranism in Albertine Saxony.

Maurice I (Moritz)	Moritz Sachsen.JPG	21 March 1521	1541-1547	9 July 1553	Albertine Duchy of Saxony	Agnes of Hesse 9 January 1541 Marburg two children	Second cousin of John Frederick, grandson of Albert. Though a Lutheran, allied with Emperor Charles V against the Schmalkaldic League.

4 June 1547 - 9 July 1553	Albertine Electorate of Saxony

John Ernest I	Johann-Ernst-von-Sachsen-Coburg.tif	10 May 1521	16 August 1532 - 8 February 1553	8 February 1553	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg	Catherine of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 12 February 1542 Torgau no children	Until 1542, John Ernest was co-regent of his brother, Elector John Frederick I. When John Frederick decided to rule alone, he created the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg for his brother.

Following their displacement by the Albertines, the Ernestine branch of the Wettins continued to rule in southern Thuringia as "Dukes of Saxony", but their lands eventually split up into many different tiny Ernestine duchies.

Augustus I (August)	-	31 July 1526	9 July 1553 - 11 February 1586	11 February 1586	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Anna of Denmark 7 October 1548 Torgau fifteen children Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt 3 January 1586 Dessau no children	Brother of Maurice. Recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554.

John Frederick II	-	8 January 1529	1554-1565	19 May 1595	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach	Agnes of Hesse 26 May 1555 Weimar no children Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim 12 June 1558 Weimar four children	Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.

1565-1566	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach and Saxe-Gotha

John Frederick III the Younger	-	16 January 1538	1554-1565	21 October 1565	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha	Unmarried	Received Saxe-Gotha. However he left its administration to his elder brothers.

John William I	-	11 March 1530	1554-1566	2 March 1573	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern 15 June 1560 Heidelberg five children	Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.

1566-1572	Ernestine Duchy of Saxony

1572-1573	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar

John Casimir	-	12 June 1564	1572-1596	16 July 1633	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach	Anna of Saxony 16 January 1586 Dresden no children Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg 16 September 1599 Coburg no children	Sons of John Frederick II, ruled jointly. In 1596 divided the land.

1596-1633	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg

John Ernest II	-	9 July 1566	1572-1596	23 October 1638	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach	Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort 23 November 1591 Wiener Neustadt one child Christine of Hesse-Kassel 14 May 1598 Rotenburg an der Fulda no children

1596-1633	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach

1633-1638	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach

Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar

Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (regent)	-	31 July 1526	1573-1586	11 February 1586	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Anna of Denmark 7 October 1548 Torgau fifteen children Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt 3 January 1586 Dessau no children	Named regent for Frederick William.

Frederick William I	-	25 April 1562	1586-1602	7 July 1602	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Sophie of Württemberg 5 May 1583 Weimar six children Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg 9 September 1591 Neuburg an der Donau six children	After his death, his brother took the land and in the next year divided it with his nephews (sons of Frederick William).

Christian I (Christian I)	-	21 March 1521	11 February 1586 - 25 September 1591	25 September 1591	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Sophie of Brandenburg 25 April 1582 Dresden seven children

Sophie of Brandenburg (regent)	-	6 June 1568	25 September 1591 - c.1601	7 December 1622	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Christian I 25 April 1582 Dresden seven children	Regent on behalf of her son Christian II.

Christian II (Christian II)	-	23 September 1583	c.1601 - 23 June 1611	23 June 1611	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Hedwig of Denmark 12 September 1602 Dresden no children

John IV	-	22 May 1570	1602-1605	18 July 1605	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Dorothea Maria of Anhalt 7 January 1593 Altenburg twelve children	Divided Saxe-Weimar with his nephews in 1603, retaining a smaller Saxe-Weimar (sometimes called Saxe-Weimar-Jena).

John Philip	-	25 January 1597	1603-1639	1 April 1639	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg	Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 October 1618 Altenburg one child	Received and ruled jointly the newly-created Saxe-Altenburg, after the partition of 1603. None of them had male descendants.

Frederick IV	-	12 February 1599	1603-1625	24 October 1625	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg	Unmarried

John William II	13 April 1600	1603-1632	2 December 1632	Ernestine Saxe(-Weimar)-Altenburg	Unmarried

John Ernest III	-	21 February 1594	1605-1626	6 December 1626	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Unmarried	Sons of John IV, ruled jointly. In 1640 divided the land.

William I the Great	-	11 April 1598	1626-1644	17 May 1662	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau 23 May 1625 Weimar nine children

1644-1662	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach

Albert VI	-	27 July 1599	1605-1640	20 December 1644	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg 24 June 1633 Weimar no children

1640-1644	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Eisenach

Ernest II the Pious	-	25 December 1601	1605-1640	26 March 1675	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 24 October 1636 Altenburg eighteen children

1640-1672	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Gotha

John George I (Johann Georg I)	-	5 March 1585	23 June 1611 - 8 October 1656	8 October 1656	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg 16 September 1604 Dresden one child Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 19 July 1607 Torgau ten children	Brother of Christian II, ruled during the Thirty Years' War, during which he was at times allied with the Emperor and at times with the King of Sweden.

Frederick William II	-	12 February 1602	1639-1669	22 April 1669	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg	Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg 18 September 1638 Altenburg no children Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony 11 October 1652 Dresden three children	Brother of John Philip, Frederick and John William. Succeeded his childless brothers. Received part of Saxe-Weimar-Eiesnach in 1638.

John George II (Johann Georg II)	-	31 May 1613	8 October 1656 - 22 August 1680	22 August 1680	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 13 November 1638 Dresden three children

Augustus II	-	13 August 1614	1656-1680	4 June 1680	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels	Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 23 November 1647 Schwerin twelve children Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg 29 January 1672 Halle three children	Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels. After his death, Weissenfels was divided.

Christian III	-	27 October 1615	1656-1691	18 October 1691	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 19 November 1650 Dresden eleven children	Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Merseburg.

Maurice II	-	28 March 1619	1662-1681	4 December 1681	Albertine Saxe-Zeitz	Sophie Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 19 November 1650 Dresden two children Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar 3 July 1656 Weimar ten children Sophie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg 14 June 1676 Wiesenburg no children	Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Merseburg.

John Ernest IV	-	11 September 1627	1662-1683	15 May 1683	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 14 August 1656 Weimar five children	Son of William I. Received the remaining Saxe-Weimar.

Bernard IV	-	14 October 1638	1662-1678	3 May 1678	Ernestine Saxe-Jena	Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille 10 June 1662 Paris five children	Son of William I. Received Saxe-Jena.

Adolf William	Adolph Wilhelm Sachen-Eisenach C. Richter@Weimar Schlossmuseum.JPG	15 May 1632	1662-1668	21 November 1668	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 18 January 1663 Wolfenbüttel five children	Son of William I. Received Saxe-Eisenach.

John George III	-	11 April 1598	1662-1671	17 May 1662	Ernestine Saxe-Marksuhl	Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children	Son of William I. Received Saxe-Marksuhl. Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.

Saxe-Marksuhl was annexed by Saxe-Eisenach

John George III, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl (regent)	-	12 July 1634	1668-1671	19 September 1686	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children	Regent for his nephew.

William August	30 November 1668	23 February 1671	Saxe-Eisenach	Unmarried	Died as a minor. His uncle, as regent, inherited his domain.

John George II, Elector of Saxony (regent)	-	31 May 1613	1669-1672	22 August 1680	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg	Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 13 November 1638 Dresden three children	Regent in mae of Frederick William III. The minor duke never reached adulthood.

Frederick William III	-	12 July 1657	14 April 1672	Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg	Unmarried	Son of Frederick William II. Died as a minor. His lands were divided between Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.

Saxe-Altenburg merged in Saxe-Gotha to form Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

John George III	-	12 July 1634	1671-1686	19 September 1686	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children	Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.

Ernest II the Pious	-	25 December 1601	1672-1675	26 March 1675	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 24 October 1636 Altenburg eighteen children	Reunited his domains and his wife's (as heiress of Saxe-Altenburg).

Frederick V	-	15 July 1646	1675-1691	2 August 1691	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels 14 November 1669 Halle eight children Christine of Baden-Durlach 14 August 1681 Ansbach no children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Albert VII	-	24 May 1648	1675-1699	6 August 1699	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg	Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 18 July 1676 Gotha one child Susanne Elisabeth Kempinsky 24 May 1688 Coburg morganatic no children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Coburg. Left no male descendants. His lands were annexed by Saafeld.

Saxe-Coburg merged in Saxe-Saalfeld to form Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Bernard V	BernhardIsamei.JPG	10 September 1649	1675-1706	27 April 1706	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt 20 November 1671 Gotha seven children Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 January 1681 Schöningen five children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Meiningen.

Henry V	-	19 November 1650	1675-1710	13 May 1710	Ernestine Saxe-Römhild	Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt 1 March 1676 Darmstadt no children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Römhild. Left no descendants and his lands were annexed to Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Saxe-Römhild was annexed by Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Christian IV	-	6 January 1653	1675-1707	28 April 1707	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenberg	Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg 13 February 1677 Merseburg one child Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt 9 February 1681 Darmstadt no children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Eisenberg. Left no male descendants and his lands were annexed to Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Saxe-Eisenberg was annexed by Saxe-Hildburghausen

Ernest III	-	12 June 1655	1675-1715	17 October 1715	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Sophie of Waldeck 30 November 1680 Arolsen eighteen children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Hildburghausen.

John Ernest V	-	22 August 1658	1675-1699	17 February 1729	Ernestine Saxe-Saalfeld	Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg 18 February 1680 Merseburg five children Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen 2 December 1690 Maastricht eight children	Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Saafeld. In 1699 reunified it with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

1699-1729	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)	-	11 September 1627	1678-1683	15 May 1683	Ernestine Saxe-Jena	Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 14 August 1656 Weimar five children	Regent for his nephew.

John George III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (regent)	-	12 July 1634	1683-1686	19 September 1686	Ernestine Saxe-Jena	Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children	Regent for his nephew.

William Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)	-	19 October 1662	1686-1690	26 August 1728	Ernestine Saxe-Jena	Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena 2 November 1683 Eisenach no children	Regent for his cousin.

John William III	28 March 1675	1678-1690	4 November 1690	Ernestine Saxe-Jena	Unmarried	Son of Bernard IV. Died as a minor.

Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar

John George IV (Johann Georg III)	1647 Johann Georg.JPG	20 June 1647	22 August 1680 - 12 September 1691	12 September 1691	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Anna Sophie of Denmark 9 October 1666 Copenhagen two children

John Adolph I	-	2 November 1649	1680-1697	24 May 1697	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt	Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg 25 October 1671 Altenburg eleven children Christiane Wilhelmine of Bünau 3 February 1692 Querfurt (morganatic) eleven children	Inherited the remaining Saxe-Weissenfels.

Henry VI	-	29 September 1657	1680-1728	16 February 1728	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby	Elisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau 30 March 1686 Dessau seven children	Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby.

Maurice William I	-	12 March 1664	1681-1718	15 November 1718	Albertine Saxe-Zeitz	Marie Amalie of Brandenburg 25 June 1689 Potsdam five children	Left no descendants. After his death Saxe-Zeitz merged in the Electorate.

Saxe-Zeitz merged in the Electorate of Saxony

William Ernest I	-	19 October 1662	1683-1728	26 August 1728	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena 2 November 1683 Eisenach no children	Ruled jointly. John Ernest was just a nominal ruler; William Ernest had full government.

John Ernest VI	-	22 June 1664	1683-1707	10 May 1707	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 11 October 1685 Zerbst five children Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg 4 November 1694 Kassel four children

Philip	-	26 October 1657	1684-1690	1 July 1690	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt	Eleonore Sophie of Saxe-Weimar 9 July 1684 Weimar two children Louise Elisabeth of Württemberg-Oels 17 August 1688 Bernstadt one child	Son of Christian. Received from his father the town of Lauchstädt, and ruled it in his father's lifetime.

John George V	-	24 July 1665	1686-1698	10 November 1698	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Sophie Charlotte of Württemberg 20 September 1688 Kirchheim unter Teck no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

John George VI (Johann Georg IV)	-	18 October 1668	12 September 1691 - 27 April 1694	27 April 1694	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach 17 April 1692 Leipzig no children

Christian V	19 November 1653	1691-1694	20 October 1694	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz 14 October 1679 Moritzburg seven children

Augustus III	15 February 1655	1691-1715	27 March 1715	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig	Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1 December 1686 Güstrow eight children	Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Zörbig. Left no male descendants. His lands returned to Saxe-Merseburg.

Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig merged in Saxe-Merseburg

Bernard V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)	BernhardIsamei.JPG	10 September 1649	1691-1693	27 April 1706	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt 20 November 1671 Gotha seven children Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 January 1681 Schöningen five children	Regents in name of their nephew, Frederick VI.

Henry V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)	-	19 November 1650	13 May 1710	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt 1 March 1676 Darmstadt no children

Frederick VI	-	28 July 1676	1693-1732	23 March 1732	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 7 June 1696 Gotha nineteen children

Frederick Augustus I the Strong (Friedrich August I)	-	12 May 1670	27 April 1694 - 1 February 1733	1 February 1733	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1693 Bayreuth one child	Brother of John George IV. Converted to Catholicism 1697 in order to compete for the crown of Poland.

Henry VII	-	2 September 1661	1694-1731	28 July 1738	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg	Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 29 March 1692 Güstrow three children	Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Spremberg.

Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg merged in Saxe-Merseburg

Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (regent)	-	12 May 1670	1694-1712	1 February 1733	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1693 Bayreuth one child	Regents on behalf of Christian Maurice, and then of Maurice Wilhelm.

Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz (regent)	-	13 November 1661	29 April 1720	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Christian V 14 October 1679 Moritzburg seven children

Christian VI Maurice	7 November 1680	1694	14 November 1694	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Unmarried

Maurice William II	Moritz Wilhelm, Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg 2.JPG	5 February 1688	1712-1731	21 April 1731	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein 4 November 1711 Istein one child	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle, Henry.

John George VII	-	13 July 1677	1697-1712	16 March 1712	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt	Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach 7 January 1698 Jena seven children	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Christian.

John William IV	-	17 October 1666	1698-1729	14 January 1729	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Amalie of Nassau-Dietz 28 November 1690 Oranjewoud two children Christine Juliane of Baden-Durlach 27 February 1697 Wolfenbüttel seven children Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels 28 July 1708 Weissenfels three children Marie Christine Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim 29 May 1727 Hanau no children

Frederick Henry	-	21 July 1668	1699-1713	18 December 1713	Albertine Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt	Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels 23 April 1699 Oleśnica no children Anna Fredericka Philippine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg 27 February 1702 Moritzburg two children	Son of Maurice. Received from his brother the towns of Pegau and Neustadt.

Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt merged in Saxe-Zeitz

Ernest Louis I	ErnstludwigIsamei.JPG	7 October 1672	1706-1724	24 November 1724	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 19 September 1704 Gotha five children Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg 3 June 1714 Coburg no children

Frederick VII	-	20 November 1673	1711-1715	16 April 1715	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme	Emilie Agnes Reuss of Schleiz 13 February 1711 Dahme no children	Son of Augustus. His brother John Adolph gave him in 1711 Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme. After his death Dahme was reabsorbed by Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt.

Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme merged in Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt

Christian VII	-	23 February 1682	1712-1736	28 June 1736	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt	Louise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg 12 May 1712 Stolberg no children	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John Adolf.

Ernest Frederick I	-	21 August 1681	1715-1724	9 March 1724	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach 4 February 1704 Erbach im Odenwald fourteen children

Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (regent)	Sophie Albertine of Erbach-Erbach duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG	30 July 1683	1724-1728	4 September 1742	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Ernest Frederick I 4 February 1704 Erbach im Odenwald fourteen children	Regent on behalf of her son.

Ernest Frederick II	-	17 December 1707	1728-1745	13 August 1745	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau 19 June 1726 Fürstenau four children

Ernest Louis II	ErnstludwigIIsamei.JPG	8 August 1709	1724-1729	24 February 1729	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Unmarried	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

George Albert	-	19 April 1695	1728-1739	12 June 1739	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby	Auguste Louise of Württemberg-Oels 18 February 1721 Forst no children	Left no descendants, and his land merged in Saxe-Weissenfels.

Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby merged in Saxe-Weissenfels

William Henry	-	10 November 1691	1729-1741	26 July 1741	Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach	Albertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein 15 February 1713 Idstein no children Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt 3 June 1723 Berlin no children	Left no descendants: Saxe-Eisenach merged with Saxe-Weimar.

Saxe-Eisenach merged in Saxe-Weimar to form Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Ernest Augustus I	-	19 April 1688	1728-1741	19 January 1748	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar	Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen 2 November 1683 Nienburg eight children Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 7 April 1734 Bayreuth four children	Son of John Ernest VI. Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.

1741-1748	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Christian Ernest	-	18 August 1683	1729-1745	4 September 1745	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Christiane Fredericka of Koss 18 August 1724 Naitschau (morganatic) no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

Charles Frederick I	Karlfriedrichsamei.JPG	18 July 1712	1729-1743	28 March 1743	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Unmarried	Brother of Ernest Louis II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle.

Henry VII	-	2 September 1661	1731-1738	28 July 1738	Albertine Saxe-Merseburg	Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 29 March 1692 Güstrow three children	In 1731 succeeded in Saxe-Merseburg, reuniting its original lands with those he unexpectedly inherited. Left no descendants and Saxe-Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony.

Saxe-Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony

Frederick VIII	FriedrichIIISaGoAlt.JPG	14 April 1699	1732-1772	10 March 1772	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen 17 September 1729 Gotha eight children

Frederick Augustus II the Fat' (Friedrich August II)	August III the Saxon.PNG	17 October 1696	1 February 1733 - 5 October 1763	5 October 1763	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Maria Josepha of Austria 20 August 1719 Dresden sixteen children	Son of Frederick Augustus I. Converted to Catholicism 1712. King of Poland 1734–1763.

John Adolph II	-	4 September 1685	1736-1746	16 May 1746	Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt	Johannette Antoinette Juliane of Saxe-Eisenach 9 May 1721 Eisenach one child Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 27 November 1734 Altenburg five children	Left no male descendants. After his death the Duchy was reannexed by the Electorate of Saxony.

Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt merged in the Electorate of Saxony

Frederick William IV	Friedrichwilhelmsamei.JPG	16 February 1679	1743-1746	10 March 1746	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Unmarried	Brother of Ernest Louis I. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his half-brother.

Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau (regent)	Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG	29 September 1700	1745-1748	7 May 1758	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Ernest Frederick II 19 June 1726 Fürstenau four children	Regent on behalf of her son.

Ernest Frederick III	Ernest Frederick III of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG	10 June 1727	1748-1780	23 September 1780	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Louise of Denmark 1 October 1749 Copenhagen one child Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1757 Copenhagen one child Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar 1 July 1758 Bayreuth three children

Francis Josias	-	25 September 1697	1745-1764	16 September 1764	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2 January 1723 Rudolstadtbr>eight children	Brother of Christian Ernest.

Anthony Ulrich	Antonulrichsamei.JPG	22 October 1687	1746-1763	27 January 1763	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Philippine Elisabeth Caesar January 1711 morganatic ten children Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal 26 September 1750 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe eight children

Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (regent)	-	25 September 1697	1748-1755	16 September 1764	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2 January 1723 Rudolstadtbr>eight children	Regents in name of Ernest Augstus I's son, Ernest Augustus II.

Frederick VIII, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (regent)	FriedrichIIISaGoAlt.JPG	14 April 1699	10 March 1772	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen 17 September 1729 Gotha eight children

Ernest Augustus II	Ernst August II. (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)@Schloss Tiefurt.JPG	2 June 1737	1755-1758	28 May 1758	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 16 March 1756 Brunswick two children

Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (regent)	Weimar Anna Amalia Bibliothek@Anna Amalie von Sachsen-Weimar (1).JPG	24 October 1739	1758-1775	10 April 1807	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Ernest Augustus II 16 March 1756 Brunswick two children

Charles Augustus	-	3 September 1757	1775-1828	14 June 1828	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 3 October 1775 Karlsruhe seven children	In 1815 his rank of Duke was elevated to Grand Duke; from 1815 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach becomes a Grand Duchy.

Frederick Christian (Friedrich Christian)	-	5 September 1722	5 October 1763 - 17 December 1763	17 December 1763	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Maria Antonia of Bavaria 13 June 1747 Munich (by proxy) 20 June 1747 Dresden (in person) nine children	Son of Frederick Augustus II, raised Catholic.

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (regent)	Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal.JPG	11 August 1730	1763-1779	7 September 1801	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Anthony Ulrich 26 September 1750 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe eight children

Charles William	Carlsamei.JPG	19 November 1754	1779-1782	21 January 1782	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Louise of Stolberg-Gedern 5 June 1780 Gedern no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.

Maria Antonia of Bavaria (regent)	-	18 July 1724	17 December 1763 - c.1768	23 April 1780	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Frederick Christian 13 June 1747 Munich (by proxy) 20 June 1747 Dresden (in person) nine children	Regent on behalf of her son and heir, Frederick Augustus.

Frederick Augustus III the Just (Friedrich August III)	-	23 December 1750	c.1768 - 20 December 1806	5 May 1827	Albertine Electorate of Saxony	Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 17 January 1769 Mannheim (by proxy) 29 January 1769 Dresden (in person) four children	Son of Frederick Christian. His Electorate ceased with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and he became King of Saxony.

In 1806 The Elector of Saxony became King of an independent Kingdom of Saxony. For the Kings that followed the electors, see below the Kingdom of Saxony.

Ernest Frederick IV	-	8 March 1724	1764-1800	8 September 1800	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 23 April 1749 Wolfenbüttelbr>seven children

Ernest IV	-	30 January 1745	1772-1804	20 April 1804	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen 21 March 1769 Meiningen four children

Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen (regent)	-	5 October 1702	1780-1787	4 January 1787	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy 17 April 1738 Paris (annulled 1757) no children	Son of Ernest III. Regent on behalf of Frederick VIII.

Frederick IX	-	29 April 1763	1787-1826	29 September 1834	Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen	Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3 September 1785 Hildburghausen twelve children	Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.

George II	GeorgIsamei.JPG	4 February 1761	1782-1803	24 December 1803	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 27 November 1782 Langenburg four children

Francis	-	15 July 1750	1800-1806	9 December 1806	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen 6 March 1776 Hildburghausen no children Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 13 June 1777 Ebersdorf ten children

Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (regent)	LouiseEleonoreSaMei.JPG	11 August 1763	1803-1821	30 April 1837	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	George I 27 November 1782 Langenburg four children	Regent on behalf of her son.

Bernard VI	Bernhardiihosenbandorden.JPG	17 December 1800	1821-1882	3 December 1882	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel 23 March 1825 Kassel two children

Augustus IV	-	23 November 1772	1804-1822	17 May 1822	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 October 1797 Ludwigslust one child Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel 24 April 1802 Kassel no children	Left no male descendants. The land was inherited by his brother Frederick

Ernest V	-	2 January 1784	1806-1844	29 January 1844	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1800-1826) Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1844)	Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3 July 1817 Gotha two children Marie of Württemberg 23 December 1832 Coburg no children	Inherited Gotha from Frederick IX, but had to cede Saafeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Frederick X	-	28 November 1774	1822-1825	11 February 1825	Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Unmarried	Brother of Augustus. Left no male descendants. The land was divided between Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg divided between its neighbours Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen

Frederick IX	-	29 April 1763	1826-1834	29 September 1834	Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg	Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3 September 1785 Hildburghausen twelve children	Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.

Charles Frederick II	-	2 February 1783	1828-1853	8 July 1853	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Maria Pavlovna of Russia 3 August 1804 St. Petersburg four children

Joseph	-	27 August 1789	1834-1848	25 November 1868	Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg	Amelia of Württemberg 24 April 1817 Kirchheim unter Teck six children	He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848.

Ernest VI	-	21 June 1818	1844-1893	22 August 1893	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Alexandrine of Baden 3 May 1842 Karlsruhe no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephews.

George III	-	24 July 1796	1848-1853	3 August 1853	Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg	Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 7 October 1825 Ludwigslust three children	Brother of Joseph.

Charles Alexander	1818 Carl Alexander.JPG	24 June 1818	1853-1901	5 January 1901	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Sophie of the Netherlands 8 October 1842 The Hague four children

Ernest VII	-	16 February 1826	1853-1908	7 February 1908	Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg	Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau 28 April 1853 Ludwigslust two children	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.

George IV	-	2 April 1826	1882-1914	25 June 1914	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Charlotte of Prussia 18 May 1850 Berlin four children Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 23 October 1858 Langenburg three children Ellen Franz 18 March 1873 Liebenstein (morganatic) no children

Alfred	-	6 August 1844	1893-1900	30 July 1900	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 23 January 1874 St Petersburg six children	Son of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria.

Charles Edward	-	19 July 1884	1900-1918	6 March 1954	Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 11 October 1905 Schleswig five children	Son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany; Nephew of Alfred. Monarchy abolished in 1918.

William Ernest II	-	10 June 1876	1901-1918	24 April 1923	Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Caroline Reuss of Greiz 30 April 1903 Bückeburg no children Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen 14 January 1910 Meiningen four children	Grandson of Charles Alexander, as son of Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Monarchy abolished in 1918.

Ernest VIII	-	31 August 1871	1908-1918	22 March 1955	Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg	Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe 17 February 1898 Bückeburg (annulled 1920) four children Maria Triebel 15 July 1934 Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf (morganatic) no children	Grandson of George III, as son of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg. Monarchy abolished in 1918.

Bernard VII	-	1 April 1851	1914-1918	16 January 1928	Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen	Charlotte of Prussia 18 February 1878 Berlin two children	Monarchy abolished in 1918.

Sentence(s)

George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony ( 27 August 1471 – 17 April 1539), was Duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539.

final_sentence: George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony ( 27 August 1471 – 17 April 1539), was Duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539.