List of motion picture film formats
Film formats

List of motion picture film formats

Section Title: Film formats
Table Section Text: None

Format	Creator	Est.	First known work	Negative gauge	Negative A/R	Gate dims	Negative pulldown	Negative lenses	Projection gauge	Projection A/R	Projection dims	Projection lenses

Chronophotographe	Étienne-Jules Marey	1888	motion analysis studies	90 mm	1.00	3.543" x 3.543"	unperforated	spherical

Paper film	Louis Le Prince	1888	Roundhay Garden Scene	65 mm	1.00	unperforated	spherical	not known	1.00	spherical

Machine Camera	Wm. Friese-Greene	1889	Hyde Park Corner & Marble Arch	65 mm	1.00	pin wheel perforation	spherical

Kinetoscope cylinder	Wm. Dickson & T. Edison	1889 or 1890	Monkeyshines, No. 1	strip rolled around a cylinder	unperforated	spherical	spherical

Kinesigraph	Wordsworth Donisthorpe	1890 or 1891	view of Trafalgar Square	70 mm	1.00	unperforated	spherical

Friese-Greene	Wm. Friese-Greene	1891	King's Road, Chelsea, London	60 mm	1.325	8 round perfs, 2 sides	spherical

Kinetoscope horizontal	Wm. Dickson & William Heise	1891	Dickson Greeting	19 mm	6 perf, 1 side, horizontal	spherical	spherical

Silent film standard	Wm. Dickson & T. Edison	1892	Blacksmith Scene	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.33	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

Bioscop	Max Skladanowsky	1892	footage of Emil Skladanowsky	54 mm	unperforated (camera); 4 perf, 2 sides (projection)	spherical	54 mm (two strips interleaved)	spherical

Eidoloscope	Woodville Latham	1895	Griffo-Barnett Prize Fight	51 mm	1.85	1.457" x 0.787"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	51 mm	1.85	spherical

Cinematographe	Lumière Brothers	1895	La Sortie des Usines Lumiere	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	1 perf, 2 sides (rounded)	spherical	35 mm	1.33	spherical

Biograph	Herman Casler	1895	Sparring Contest at Canastota	68 mm	1.35	2.625" x 1.938"	1 perf, 2 sides (punched in-camera)	spherical	68 mm	spherical

Joly-Normandin	Henri Joly	1895	60 mm	5 perf, 2 sides	spherical	60 mm	spherical

Biographe	Demeny-Gaumont	1896	60 mm	1.40	1.750" x. 1.250"	unperforated	spherical	60 mm	1.40	spherical

Chronophotographe	Demeny-Gaumont	1896	60 mm	1.40	1.750" x. 1.250"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	60 mm	1.40	spherical

Sivan-Dalphin	Casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin	1896	38 mm	2 perf, 2 sides	spherical	38 mm	spherical

Veriscope	Enoch Rector	1897	The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight	63 mm	1.66	1.875" x 1.125"	5 perf, 2 sides	spherical	63 mm	spherical

Viventoscope	Thomas Henry Blair	1897	48 mm	1.50	1.500" x 1.000"	1 perf?	spherical	48 mm	spherical

Birtac	Birt Acres	1898	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	2 perf, 1 side	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

Biokam	T. C. Hepworth	1899	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	1.60	0.630" x 0.394"	1 perf, center	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

Prestwich 13 mm	John Alfred Prestwich	1899	unknown (amateur format)	13 mm	spherical	13 mm	spherical

Mirograph	Reulos, Goudeau & Co	1900	unknown (amateur format)	21 mm	1 notch, 2 sides	spherical	21 mm	spherical

Lumiere Wide	Lumière Brothers	1900	75 mm	1.33	2.362" x 1.772"	8 perf, 2 sides	spherical	75 mm	1.33	spherical

Cinéorama	R. Grimoin-Sanson	1900	Cinéorama	70 mm x 10 cameras (360°)	4 perf?	spherical	70 mm x 10 projectors (360°)	spherical

La Petite (Hughes)	W.C. Hughes	1900	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	1.60	0.630" x 0.394"	1 perf, center (smaller and less rectangular than Biokam)	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

Pocket Chrono	Gaumont Demeny	1900	unknown (amateur format)	15 mm	1 perf, center	spherical	15 mm	spherical

Vitak	William Wardell	1902	unknown (amateur format)	no standard	no standard	no standard	1 perf, center	spherical	11 mm	spherical

Home Kinetoscope	Edison	1912	unknown (amateur format)	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	spherical	22 mm, 2 perf (on frameline between frame rows)	1.5	0.236" x 0.157" (three frames across width)	spherical

Pathe Kok	Pathé	1912	unknown (amateur format)	28 mm	1.36	0.748" x 0.551"	3 perf on one side, 1 perf on the other	spherical	28 mm	spherical

Duoscope	Alexander F. Victor	1912	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	2 perfs, center	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

Panoramico	Filoteo Alberini	1914	Il sacco di Roma	70 mm	2.52	5 perf, 2 sides	spherical	70 mm	spherical

Split Duplex	Duplex Corporation	1915	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides (shooting)	spherical	35 mm	1.87	0.735" x 0.394"	spherical (split image 90° rotated)

11 mm	(American)	1916	unknown (amateur format)	11 mm	1 perf, center	spherical	11 mm	spherical

Movette	Movette Camera Company	1917	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	2 perfs, 2 sides (rounded)	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

28 mm safety standard	Alexander F. Victor	1918	unknown (amateur format)	28 mm	1.36	0.748" x 0.551"	3 perf, 2 sides	spherical	28 mm	spherical

Clou	(Austrian)	1920	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	2 perf, 2 sides	spherical	17.5 mm	spherical

26 mm	(French)	1920	unknown (amateur format)	26 mm	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	26 mm	spherical

9.5 mm	Pathé	1922	unknown (amateur format)	9.5 mm	1.31	0.335" x 0.256"	1 perf, center	spherical	9.5 mm	1.31	0.315" x 0.242"	spherical

Phonofilm	Lee De Forest	1922	Barking Dog and Flying Jenny Airplane	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.17	0.826" x 0.708"	spherical

Widescope	John D. Elms & George W. Bingham	1922	35 mm x 2 (both in same camera)	0.980" x 0.735"	1.33 x 2 negatives	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical (one lens per strip)	35 mm x 2 projectors	2.66	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

Cinebloc	Ozaphan	1922	unknown (amateur format)	22 mm	2 perf, 2 sides	spherical	22 mm	spherical

Tri-Ergon soundfilm	Tri-Ergon	1922	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	42 mm	1.33	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

16 mm	Eastman Kodak	1923	unknown (amateur format)	16 mm	1.37	0.404" x 0.295"	1 perf, 1 or 2 sides	spherical	16 mm	1.37	0.378" x 0.276"	spherical

Duplex	G.J. Bradley	1923	unknown (amateur format)	11 mm	2 perf, 2 sides (rounded)	spherical	11.5 mm	spherical

Alberini-Hill	Corrado Cerqua	1924	35 mm	1.66	1.575" x 0.945" (curved)	10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical, on 65° revolving drum	35 mm	spherical

Cinelux	Ozaphan	1924	unknown (amateur format)	24 mm	spherical	24 mm	spherical

48 mm	J.H. Powrie	1924	48 mm	1.32	1.969" x 1.496"	horizontal	spherical	35 mm	1.33	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

Natural Vision	George K. Spoor & P. John Berggren	1925	Niagara Falls and Rollercoaster Ride	63.5 mm	1.84	2.060" x 1.120"	6 perf, 2 sides, 20 frame/s	spherical	63.5 mm	2.00	spherical

13 mm	(French)	1925	unknown (amateur format)	13 mm	4 perf, center	spherical	13 mm	spherical

18 mm	(Russian)	1925	unknown (amateur format)	18 mm	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	18 mm	spherical

Pathe Rural	Pathé	1926	unknown (amateur format)	17.5 mm	1.35 (silent); 1.30 (sound)	0.516" x 0.382" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound)	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	17.5 mm	1.33 (silent); 1.26 (sound)	0.472" x 0.354" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound)	spherical

Widevision	John D. Elms & George W. Bingham	1926	Natural Vision Pictures	57 mm	5 perf, 2 sides	spherical	57 mm	spherical

Magnascope	Lorenzo del Riccio	1926	Old Ironsides	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.33	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical (selected scenes projected using a wider lens for larger picture)

Fox Movietone	F. H. Owens, T. Case, Tri-Ergon	1927	Sunrise	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.17	0.826" x 0.708"	spherical

Polyvision	Abel Gance	1927	Napoléon	35 mm x 3 cameras	1.33 x 3 negatives	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 3 projectors	4.00	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

Hypergonar	Henri Chrétien	1927	Pour construire un feu	35 mm	2.66	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	35 mm	2.66	0.931" x 0.698"	2x anamorphic

Magnafilm	Lorenzo del Riccio	1929	You're in the Army Now	56 mm	2.19	1.620" x 0.740"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	56 mm	2.00	spherical

Fox Grandeur	Fox Film Corporation	1929	Fox Grandeur News and Fox Movietone Follies of 1929	70 mm	2.07	1.890" x 0.913"	4 perf, 2 sides, 20 frame/s (before 1930)	spherical	70 mm	2.00	1.768" x 0.885"	spherical

Fearless Super Pictures	Ralph G. Fear	1929	35 mm	2.27	1.813" x 0.800"	10 perfs, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	35 mm, horizontal	spherical

Fearless Super-Film / Magnifilm / Fox Vitascope	Ralph G. Fear	1930	Kismet	65 mm	2.00	1.811" x 0.906"	5 perf, 2 sides	spherical	65 mm	2.05	1.772" x 0.866"	spherical

Realife	MGM	1930	Billy the Kid	70 mm	2.07	1.890" x 0.913"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.75	0.904" x 0.517"	spherical

50 mm	Fox Film Corporation & SMPE	1930	50 mm	1.80	1.325" x 0.735"	spherical	50 mm	1.80	1.305" x 0.725"	spherical

17 mm sound	(French)	1930	unknown (amateur format)	17 mm	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	17 mm	spherical

Giant Expanding Pictures	George Palmer	1930	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.17	0.826" x 0.708"	spherical (with a special projection zoom lens zooming wider and opening masking for key sequences)

Kodel Kemco Homovie	Clarence Ogden	1931	unknown (amateur format)	16 mm	4 sequential images per frame	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	16 mm	spherical

Academy format	AMPAS	1932	35 mm	1.375 (commonly abbreviated to 1.37)	0.868″ × 0.631″	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.37	0.825″ × 0.600″	spherical

8 mm	Eastman Kodak	1932	unknown (amateur format)	16 mm	1.32	0.192" x 0.145"	1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs)	spherical	8 mm	1.33	0.172" x 0.129"	spherical

Straight 8	Bell & Howell	1935	unknown (amateur format)	8 mm	1.32	0.192" x 0.145"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	8 mm	1.33	0.172" x 0.129"	spherical

Vitarama	Fred Waller	1939	16 mm x 11 cameras	1.37 x 11 negatives	0.404" x 0.295"	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	16 mm x 11 projectors	hemispherical view	0.378" x 0.276"	spherical

Waller Flexible Gunnery Trainer	Fred Waller	1943	US Air Force interactive training exercise	35 mm x 5 cameras	1.37 x 5 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 5 projectors	hemispherical view	0.825" x 0.602"	spherical

Cinerama	Fred Waller	1952	This is Cinerama	35 mm x 3 cameras	2.59 (3 x negatives)	0.996" x 1.116"	6 perf, 2 sides at 26 frame/s	spherical	35 mm x 3 projectors, with 6 perf pulldown	2.59, with 146° curved screen	0.985" x 1.088"	spherical

Matted 1.66	Paramount	1953	Shane	35 mm	1.37	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.66	0.825" x 0.497"	spherical

Matted 1.85	Universal	1953	Thunder Bay	35 mm	1.37	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.85	0.825" x 0.446"	spherical

Matted 1.75	MGM	1953	Arena	35 mm	1.37	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	1.75	0.825" x 0.471"	spherical

Cinemascope	20th Century Fox	1953	The Robe	35 mm	2.55 (1953–57); 2.35 (1957–67)	0.937" x 0.735" (1953–57); 0.868" x 0.735" (1957–67)	4 perf, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	35 mm	2.55 (1953–57); 2.35 (1957–67)	0.912" x 0.715" (1953–57); 0.839" x 0.715" (1957–67)	2x anamorphic

Arnoldscope	John Arnold	1953	35 mm	10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical

VistaVision	Paramount	1954	White Christmas	35 mm	1.51	1.495" x 0.991"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	35 mm, 4 perf, vertical	1.85	0.825" x 0.446"	spherical

VistaVision Large Area	Paramount	1954	White Christmas	35 mm	1.51	1.495" x 0.991"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	35 mm, 8 perf, horizontal	1.96	1.418" x 0.723"	spherical

Superscope	Tushinsky Brothers	1954	Vera Cruz	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	2.00	0.715" x 0.715"	2x anamorphic

Circarama	Disney	1955	A Tour of the West	16 mm x 11 cameras	1.37 x 11 negatives	0.404" x 0.295"	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	16 mm x 11 projectors	360°	0.378" x 0.276"	spherical

Todd-AO	Michael Todd	1955	Oklahoma	65 mm	2.29	2.072" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, at 30 frame/s	spherical	70 mm	2.21, with 120° curved screen	1.912" x 0.870"	spherical

CinemaScope 55	20th Century Fox	1955	Carousel	55 mm	2.55	1.824" x 1.430"	8 perfs, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	35 mm	2.55	0.912" x 0.715"	2x anamorphic

9.5 Duplex	Pathé Fréres	1955	?	9.5 mm	1.51	4.1 mm x 6.2 mm	2 central perforations in a 9.5mm film	spherical	4.75 mm	spherical, rotated 90°

8 mm Panoramic	Dimaphot, Paris	1955	?	16 mm	1.5	5 mm x 7.5 mm	1 perf, 2 sides	spherical	8 mm	spherical, rotated 90°

Emel Panoscope	Emel, Paris	1955	?	16 mm	2.7	3.5 mm x 9.6 mm	2 perf, 2 sides	spherical	16 mm	spherical

Technirama	Technicolor	1956	The Monte Carlo Story	35 mm	2.26	1.496" x 0.992"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	1.5x anamorphic	35 mm, 4 perf vertical	2.35	0.839" x 0.715"	2x anamorphic

Technirama Large Area	Technicolor	1956	The Monte Carlo Story	35 mm	2.26	1.496" x 0.992"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	1.5x anamorphic	35 mm, 8 perf horizontal	2.42	1.421" x 0.881"	1.5x anamorphic

Dynamic Frame	Glenn Alvey	1956	The Door in the Wall	35 mm	1.3, 1.6, and 2.5	variable aperture plates	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	spherical	35 mm, 4 perf, vertical	1.3, 1.5, and 2.5	spherical

Superscope 235	Superscope Inc.	1956	Run for the Sun	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	2.35	0.839" x 0.715"	2x anamorphic

Thrillarama	Albert H. Reynolds	1956	Thrillarama Adventure	35 mm x 2 cameras	1.78 x 2 negatives	3 perf, 2 sides?	spherical	35 mm x 2 projectors	3.55, with a curved screen	spherical

Magirama	Abel Gance	1956	Magirama	35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off mirrors)	1.33 x 3 negatives	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off mirrors)	4.00	0.931" x 0.698"	spherical

MGM Camera 65	Panavision	1957	Raintree County	65 mm	2.76	2.072" x 0.906"	5 perf, 2 sides	1.25x anamorphic	70 mm	2.76	1.912" x 0.870"	1.25x anamorphic

Ultra Panavision	Panavision	1962	Mutiny on the Bounty	65 mm	2.76	2.072" x 0.906"	5 perf, 2 sides	1.25x anamorphic	70 mm	2.76	1.912" x 0.870"	1.25x anamorphic

Cinestage	Mike Todd	1957	Around the World in 80 Days	65 mm	2.29	2.072" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm (1 mm shaved off for UK prints)	2.12	0.912" x 0.675"	1.567x anamorphic

Rank VistaVision	J. Arthur Rank Organization	1957	35 mm	1.51	1.495" x 0.991"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	spherical	35 mm, 4 perf, vertical	1.82	0.825" x 0.602"	1.33x anamorphic

Modern anamorphic	Panavision	1958	The Female Animal	35 mm	2.37	0.866" x 0.732"	4 perf, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	35 mm	2.35 (1957–70); 2.39 (1970–present)	0.839" x 0.715" (1957–70); 0.838" x 0.7" (1970–93); 0.825" x 0.690" (1993–present)	2x anamorphic

Kinopanorama	NIKFI	1958	Great Is My Country	35 mm x 3 cameras	0.91 x 3 negatives	1.014" x 1.116"	6 perf, 2 sides, at 25 frame/s	spherical	35 mm x 3 projectors	2.72	0.985" x 1.088"	spherical

70 mm	American Optical Company	1958	South Pacific	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides	spherical	70 mm	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Cinemiracle	National Theatres	1958	Windjammer	35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off mirrors)	0.89 x 3 negatives	0.996" x 1.116"	6 perf, 2 sides at 26 frame/s	spherical	35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off mirrors), with 6 perf pulldown	2.59, with 120° curved screen	0.985" x 1.088"	spherical

Super Technirama	Technicolor	1959	Sleeping Beauty	35 mm	2.26	1.496" x 0.992"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	1.5x anamorphic	70 mm	2.21	1.912" x 0.816"	spherical

Smith-Carney System	Rowe E. Carney Jr. and Tom F. Smith	1959	Missouri travelogue	35 mm	4.69	0.839" x 0.370" (bottom half) and 0.449" x 0.370" (top quarters)	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical x 3	35 mm	4.69	three sub-frames projected to one 180° image	spherical x 3

Circular Kinopanorama / Circlorama	E. Goldovsky	1959	The Path of Spring	35 mm x 11 cameras	1.37 x 11 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 11 projectors	360°	0.825" x 0.602"	spherical

Varioscope	Jan Jacobsen	1959	Flying Clipper	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides	spherical	70 mm	variable framing run through control signal	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Quadravision	Ford Motor Company	1959	Design for Suburban Living showtent	? mm x 4 cameras	? x 4 negatives	spherical	? mm x 4 projectors	? (4 images in 2x2 configuration)	spherical

Techniscope	Technicolor	1960	The Pharaoh's Woman	35 mm	2.33	0.868" x 0.373"	2 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	2.39	0.838" x 0.7"	2x anamorphic

Wonderama (Arc 120)	Leon W. Wells	1960	Honeymoon	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	35 mm	2.50 with a 120° curved screen	0.931" x 0.698", with two half-images turned 90° and placed side-by-side	spherical x 2

Cine System 3	Eric Berndt	1960	USAF and NASA usage	3 mm	1 perf, centered	spherical

Grandeur 70	20th Century Fox	1961	The King and I (re-release)	55 mm	2.55	1.824" x 1.430"	8 perfs, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	70 mm	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Cinerama 360	Cinerama Corporation	1962	Journey to the Stars	65 mm	1.00 (circle)	2.25" diameter circular image	10 perf, 2 sides	fisheye	70 mm	1.00 (circle)	2.25" diameter circular image	spherical

Super 8	Eastman Kodak	1965	unknown (amateur format)	8 mm	1.48	0.245" x 0.166"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	8 mm	1.36	0.215" x 0.158"	spherical

Real Sound	Kenner	1965	no standard	no standard	no standard	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	11.5 mm	1.33	0.172" x 0.129"	spherical

Double Super 8	Eastman Kodak	1965	unknown (amateur format)	16 mm	1.48	0.245" x 0.166"	1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs)	spherical	8 mm	1.36	0.215" x 0.158"	spherical

Single-8	Fujifilm	1966	unknown (amateur format)	8 mm	1.36	0.224" x 0.164"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	8 mm	1.35	0.213" x 0.157"	spherical

Dimension 150	American Optical Company	1966	The Bible: In the Beginning	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides	spherical	70 mm	2.21, with 150° curved screen	1.912" x 0.87", optically curved to compensate for the screen	spherical

Circle Vision 360	Disney	1967	America the Beautiful	35 mm x 9 cameras	1.37 x 9 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 9 projectors	360°	0.825" x 0.602"	spherical

8.75 mm	Shanghai Film Projection Equipment Factory	1968	unknown (amateur format)	1 perf	spherical	8.75 mm	spherical

Astrovision	Goto Optical	1969	65 mm	10 perf, 2 sides	spherical or fish-eye	70 mm	fish-eye (dome projection)

IMAX	IMAX Corporation	1970	Tiger Child	70 mm	1.34	2.772" x 2.072"	15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	spherical	70 mm, horizontal	1.31	2.692" x 2.056"	spherical

Super 16 mm film	Rune Ericson	1970	Blushing Charlie	16 mm	1.66	0.493" x 0.292"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	no standard, but often blown up to 35 mm	no standard	0.463" x 0.279" (full frame); 0.463" x 0.251" (framed for 1.85)	spherical

Pik-a-Movie	Leon W. Wells	1972	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	70 mm, horizontal, 1 perf, 2 sides	1.48	0.245" x 0.166", 12 rows high, underneath 12 rows of optical sound	spherical

OMNIMAX	IMAX Corporation	1973	Garden Isle	70 mm	1.34	2.772" x 2.072"	15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	special fish-eye lenses optically centered 0.37" above film horizontal center line	70 mm, horizontal	1.31	2.692" x 2.056"	spherical, projected elliptically on a dome screen, 20 degrees below and 110 degrees above perfectly centered viewers

8/70 (Dynavision, Iwerks 870)	Dynavision	1973?	65 mm	1.37	2.031" x 1.484"	8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 frame/s	spherical	70 mm	1.34	1.913" x 1.431"	spherical

Showscan	Douglas Trumbull	1978	Night of Dreams	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, at 60 frame/s	spherical	70 mm, at 60 frame/s	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Polavision	Polaroid Corporation	1978	unknown (amateur format)	8 mm	1.48	0.245" x 0.166"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	8 mm	1.36	0.215" x 0.158"	spherical

Cinema 180	Omni Films	1979	Crazy Wheels	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s	fisheye	70 mm	180°, on a dome	1.912" x 0.87"	fisheye

Super 35	Joe Dunton	1982	Dance Craze	35 mm	1.33	0.980" x 0.735"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	no standard	no standard	no standard

Circle Vision 200	Disney	1982	Impressions de France	35 mm x 5 cameras	1.37 x 5 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 5 projectors	6.85, on a 200° screen	0.825" x 0.602"	spherical

Swissorama 360 / Imagine 360	Ernst A. Heiniger	1984	Impressions of Switzerland	65 mm	360°	1.91" (outer edge), 1.20" (inner edge)	10 perf, 2 sides	360° x 35° extreme fisheye	70 mm	360°	360° x 35° extreme fisheye

Super Duper 8 / Max 8 / Super 8B	Mitch Perkins & Greg Miller	mid- 1980s	Sleep Always (2002)	8 mm	1.51	0.250" x 0.166"	1 perf, 1 side	spherical	8 mm	no standard	no standard	spherical

3-perf	Rune Ericson	1987	Pirates of the Lake	35 mm	1.79	0.980" x 0.546"	3 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm	no standard	no standard	no standard

Super VistaVision	Paramount	1989	The Ten Commandments (re-release)	35 mm	1.51	1.495" x 0.991"	8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	70 mm	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Kinoton HDFS	Kinoton	1990	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	no standard	35 mm	2.00	0.931" x 0.698"	1.5x anamorphic

IMAX Magic Carpet	IMAX Corporation	1990	Flowers in the Sky	70 mm x 2 cameras	1.34	2.772" x 2.072"	15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally	spherical	70 mm, horizontal x 2 projectors	1.31 x 2 screens (one in front, one below)	2.692" x 2.056"	spherical

Iwerksphere	Iwerks	1991	65 mm	1.37	2.031" x 1.484"	8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 frame/s	fisheye	70 mm	1.34	1.913" x 1.431"	fisheye

IMAX HD	IMAX Corporation	1992	Asteroid Adventure	70 mm	1.34	2.772" x 2.072"	15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally, 48 frame/s	spherical	70 mm, horizontal	1.31	2.692" x 2.056"	spherical

Hexiplex	(Australian)	1992	Expo '92 demo	35 mm x 6 cameras	1.37 x 6 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm x 6 projectors	360°, with rotating screens and projectors	0.825" x 0.602"	spherical

Ultra Toruscope	Mac McCarney	1992	35 mm x 3 cameras	1.37 x 3 negatives	0.866" x 0.630"	4 perf, 2 sides, at 30 frame/s	spherical	70 mm x 3 projectors, at 30 frame/s	360°	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Imagination FX 7012	Geo-Odyssey	1992?	35 mm	2.08	2.040" x 0.980"	12 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	70 mm	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Univisium	Vittorio Storaro	1998	Tango	35 mm	2.00	0.945" x 0.472"	3 perf, 2 sides at 25 frame/s	spherical	35 mm	2.00	spherical

Maxivision	Dean Goodhill	1999	35 mm	1.79	0.980" x 0.546"	3 perf, 2 sides	spherical	35 mm, 3 perf	1.85	spherical

Maxivision 48	Dean Goodhill	1999	35 mm	1.79	0.980" x 0.546"	3 perf, 2 sides, 48 frame/s	spherical	35 mm, 3 perf, 48 frame/s	1.85	spherical

Super Dimension 70	Robert Weisgerber	1999	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, at 48 frame/s	spherical	70 mm, at 48 frame/s	2.21	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

FuturVision 360	65 mm	1.52	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s	1.5x vertical anamorphic	70 mm	1.47	1.912" x 0.87"	1.5x vertical anamorphic

Mini-Max	Vistascope	35 mm	2.66	2 perf, 2 sides, 30 frame/s	spherical	35 mm	2.66	spherical

MotionMaster	Omni Films	65 mm	2.28	2.066" x 0.906"	5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s	spherical	70 mm	2.21, on a curved screen	1.912" x 0.87"	spherical

Row-film	R. Thun	35 mm	20 rows of images wide	spherical	spherical

Septorama	? mm x 7 cameras	1.33 x 7 negatives	spherical	? mm x 7 projectors	hemispherical view	spherical

Single Cinerama	Fred Waller	35 mm	curved gate	16 perf, 2 sides, horizontal	spherical	35 mm, horizontal	curved screen	spherical

Soviet 10	65 mm	10 perf, 2 sides	2x anamorphic	70 mm	2.09	1.890" x 1.811"	2x anamorphic

Vario-35	35 mm	spherical	35 mm	variable framing run through control signal	0.835" x 0.713" (full); 0.835" x 0.453" (1.84); 0.709" x 0.524" (1.35); 0.614" x 0.614" (1.00); 0.535" x 0.713" (0.75)	spherical

Vario-35A	35 mm	35 mm	variable framing run through control signal	0.835" x 0.713"	variable anamorphic (2x for 2.35; 1.57x for 1.85; 1.17x for 1.37; 0.85x for 1.00; 0.64x for 0.75; 0.5x for 0.59)

Vario-70	65 mm	10 perfs, 2 sides	spherical	70 mm	variable framing run through control signal	1.890" x 1.811" (full); 1.890" x 0.803" (2.35); 1.673" x 0.906" (1.85); 1.441" x 1.051" (1.37); 1.232" x 1.232" (1.00); 1.063" x 1.429" (0.74); 0.945" x 1.604" (0.59); 0.839" x 1.811" (0.46)	spherical

Format	Creator	Est.	First known work	Negative gauge	Negative A/R	Gate dims	Negative pulldown	Negative lenses	Projection gauge	Proj. A/R	Projection dims	Projection lenses

Sentence(s)

70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a film gauge for motion picture format.

final_sentence: 70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a film gauge for motion picture format.