List of ancient watermills
Earliest evidence
Below the earliest ancient evidence for different types of watermills and the use of water-power for various industrial processes. Note: The Perachora watermill, near Loutraki, in Greece, is not included; it is considered the earliest watermill with physical remains.

List of ancient watermills

Section Title: Earliest evidence
Table Section Text: Below the earliest ancient evidence for different types of watermills and the use of water-power for various industrial processes. Note: The Perachora watermill, near Loutraki, in Greece, is not included; it is considered the earliest watermill with physical remains.

Date	Water-powered mill types	Reference (or find spot)	Modern Country

Possibly first half of 3rd century BC	Horizontal-wheeled mill	Byzantium (assigned place of invention)	Turkey

Possibly c. 240 BC	Vertical-wheeled mill	Alexandria (assigned place of invention)	Egypt

Before 71 BC?	Grain-mill ("watermill")	Strabon, XII, 3, 30 C 556	Turkey

40/10 BC	Undershot wheel mill	Vitruvius, X, 5.2	Unspecified

40/10 BC	Possible kneading machine	Vitruvius, X, 5.2	Unspecified

20 BC/10 AD	Overshot wheel mill	Antipater of Thessalonica, IX, 418.4–6	Unspecified

c. 70 AD	Trip hammer	Pliny, Naturalis Historia, XVIII, 23.97	Italy

73/4 AD	Possible fulling mill	Antioch	Syria

2nd century AD	Multiple mill complex	Barbegal mill	France

Late 2nd century AD	Breastshot wheel mill	Les Martres-de-Veyre	France

Second half of 3rd century AD	Sawmill; crank and connecting rod system with gear train	Hierapolis sarcophagus	Turkey

Late 3rd or early 4th century AD	Turbine mill	Chemtou and Testour	Tunisia

?	Possible Furnace	Marseille	France

Sentence(s)

The Hierapolis sawmill, a water-powered sawmill in Hierapolis, Turkey, dates to the second half of the 3rd century.

final_sentence: The Hierapolis sawmill, a water-powered sawmill in Hierapolis, Turkey, dates to the second half of the 3rd century.