List of World Heritage Sites in Africa
Sites

List of World Heritage Sites in Africa

Section Title: Sites
Table Section Text: None

Site	Image	Location	Criteria	Area ha (acre)	Year	Description

Aapravasi Ghat	A picture of four rectangular stone structures a few feet high, laid against a wall of a larger height.	Port Louis District, Mauritius 20°09′31″S 57°30′11″E / 20.158611°S 57.503056°E	Cultural: (vi)	0.16 (0.40)	2006	Aapravasi Ghat was the first site chosen by the British government to take part in the "Great Experiment", where indentured laborers were used instead of slaves.

Abu Mena	Photograph of a large, weathered, stone capital resting on the ground, with a low-relief cross enclosed in a cartouche	Abusir, Egypt 30°50′28″N 29°39′47″E / 30.84098°N 29.663117°E	Cultural: (iv)	182 (450)	1979	The ruins of the former Christian holy city contain a church, a baptistery, basilicas, public buildings, streets, monasteries, houses, and workshops, and were built over the tomb of Menas of Alexandria.

Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves	A picture of a large, depressed area of sand to the right and a mountain range in the background. Relatively small vehicles are parked alongside the massive hole.	Arlit Department, Niger 18°N 9°E / 18°N 9°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	7,736,000 (19,120,000)	1991	Africa's largest protected area, located in the Saharan desert of Ténéré, consists of the volcanic rock mass of Aïr and a small isolated Sahelian pocket with unique flora and fauna.

Aksum	A large site containing several very high tombs.	Tigray Region, Ethiopia 14°07′49″N 38°43′07″E / 14.130190°N 38.718605°E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	—	1980	The ruins of the city of Aksum, dating from the 1st to the 13th century, mark the heart of ancient Ethiopia and what was the "most powerful state between the Eastern Roman Empire and Persia".

Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad	A picture of a deteriorating stone wall spanning the frame, with a blue sky in the background.	Maadid, Algeria 35°49′06″N 4°47′13″E / 35.818440°N 4.786840°E	Cultural: (iii)	150 (370)	1980	The fortified first capital of the Hammadid emirs was originally built in 1007 and demolished in 1152. It features an 8-bay, 13-aisle mosque, which is one of the largest in Algeria.

Aldabra Atoll	Photograph of the head and forequarters of a giant tortoise	Aldabra Group, Seychelles 9°25′00″S 46°25′00″E / 9.416681°S 46.41665°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	35,000 (86,000)	1982	The Aldabra Atoll consists of four large coral islands and a lagoon, surrounded by a coral reef. The islands are home to the world's largest population of giant tortoises.

Amphitheatre of El Jem	A picture of a large stone building, with several framed openings meant to resemble windows.	El Djem, Tunisia 35°17′47″N 10°42′25″E / 35.296390°N 10.706940°E	Cultural: (iv), (vi)	—	1979	The Amphitheatre of El Jem, built during the 3rd century, is North Africa's largest amphitheatre, and the largest one built outside of Italy, with a capacity of 35,000 spectators, and "illustrates the grandeur and extent of Imperial Rome."

Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata	A picture of a tall stone and medieval looking tower, surrounded by buildings constructed with the same material.	Chinguetti, Ouadane, Oualata, and Tichitt, Mauritania 20°55′44″N 11°37′25″W / 20.928890°N 11.623610°W	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v)	—	1996	"Founded in the 11th and 12th centuries to serve the caravans crossing the Sahara, these trading and religious centres became focal points of Islamic culture.

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis	A picture of a ruined temple; outer buildings to the left remain erected, but the wall in the foreground and other stone beams have crumbled.	Qena, Egypt 25°44′00″N 32°36′00″E / 25.733330°N 32.600000°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi)	7,390 (18,300)	1979	The former capital of Egypt and city of the Egyptian god Amun contains relics from the height of Ancient Egypt. The temples, palaces and the necropolises of the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens bear "a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization."

Archaeological Site of Carthage	A picture of several deteriorating stone structures, with two thin cylindrical towers of varying heights standing to the left of the background.	Tunis, Tunisia 36°51′10″N 10°19′24″E / 36.852780°N 10.323330°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	—	1979	Founded in the 9th century BCE, Carthage was developed into a trading empire spanning the Mediterranean, and was, according to UNESCO, "home to a brilliant civilization." The city was destroyed in 146 BCE in the Punic Wars at the hands of the Romans, but was later rebuilt by these.

Archaeological Site of Cyrene	A picture of a demolished city, located on a cliff looking out to the right. A relatively larger building's beams in the middle of the city continue to stand without a roof.	Jebel Akhdar, Libya 32°49′30″N 21°51′30″E / 32.825000°N 21.858330°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	—	1982	The formerly Greek colony was Romanized and transformed into a capital, until it was destroyed by the 365 Crete earthquake. The thousand-year-old ruins have remained renowned since the 18th century.

Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna	A picture of a large and square-shaped stone monument with a visible entrance on every side.	Khoms, Libya 32°38′18″N 14°17′35″E / 32.638330°N 14.293060°E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii)	—	1982	The Roman city of Leptis Magna was enlarged by Emperor Septimius Severus, who was born there. Public monuments, a harbour, a marketplace, storehouses, shops, and homes were among the reasons for its induction into the list.

Archaeological Site of Sabratha	A side view of a large building to the right, with stone, cylindrical pillars running along its front.	Sabratha, Libya 32°48′19″N 12°29′06″E / 32.805280°N 12.485000°E	Cultural: (iii)	—	1982	"A Phoenician trading-post that served as an outlet for the products of the African hinterland, Sabratha was part of the short-lived Numidian Kingdom of Massinissa before being Romanized and rebuilt in the 2nd and 3rd centuries."

Archaeological Site of Volubilis	A picture of a rectangular building whose back side has been demolished. A green mountain range fills the background.	Meknes, Morocco 34°04′26″N 5°33′25″W / 34.073890°N 5.556940°W	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)	42 (100)	1997	The important Roman outpost of Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BCE to become the capital of Mauretania. It contained many buildings, the remains of which have survived extensively to this day.

Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe	An aerial view of a dozen pyramids in relatively bad shape in the foreground, and a deserted view in the background.	Meroë, Sudan 16°56′00″N 33°43′00″E / 16.933333°N 33.716667°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)	2,357 (5,820)	2011	The site was the centre of the Kingdom of Kush, a major force active from the 8th century BCE to the 4th century CE.

Asante Traditional Buildings	A blank map of a rectangular-looking country with a red dot in the south-west marking the location of the site.	Kumasi, Ghana 6°24′04″N 1°37′33″W / 6.401111°N 1.625833°W	Cultural: (v)	—	1980	The site, north-east of Kumasi, hosts the final intact remains of the Ashanti Empire, which peaked in the 18th century. The dwellings, which are made of earth, wood, and straw, are susceptible to the damages caused by the "onslaught of time and weather."

Asmara	City of Asmara	Maekel, Eritrea 15°20′07″N 38°56′09″E / 15.335277777777778°N 38.935833333333335°E	Cultural: (ii)(iv)	481 (1,190)	2017	Located at over 2000 metres above sea level, the capital of Eritrea developed from the 1890s onwards as a military outpost for the Italian colonial power.

Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains	Mpumalanga, South Africa 25°47′06″S 31°03′07″E / 25.785°S 31.052°E	Natural: (viii)	113,137 (279,570)	2018	The mountains contain the world’s oldest geological structures and are known to have preserved volcanic and sedimentary rocks estimated to be between 3.6 to 3.25 billion years old.

Banc d'Arguin National Park	A front view of four small ships, without their sails, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in the background. Three narrow shoals fill the foreground.	Azefal and Nouadhibou, Mauritania 20°14′05″N 16°06′32″W / 20.234720°N 16.108890°W	Natural: (ix), (x)	1,200,000 (3,000,000)	1989	The park consists of sand dunes, coastal swamps, small islands, and shallow bodies of water; all bordering the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes	A Bedik village with a traditional house and two women working.	Senegal 12°35′36″N 12°50′45″W / 12.593333°N 12.845833°W	Cultural: (iii), (v), (vi)	50,309 (124,320)	2012

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park	A view inside of a dense forest with a gorilla roaming a few metres away on its hind legs.	Kabale District, Kisoro District, and Rukungiri District, Uganda 1°04′50″S 29°39′41″E / 1.080556°S 29.661389°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	32,092 (79,300)	1994	Located on the border of plain and mountain forests, the park in south-western Uganda is home to over 160 species of trees, over a hundred species of ferns, and various species of birds and butterflies.

Cape Floral Region Protected Areas	A view of a forest in the foreground, with a mountain range in the background.	Eastern Cape and Western Cape, South Africa 34°21′40″S 18°28′30″E / 34.361111°S 18.475000°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	553,000 (1,370,000)	2004	The site consists of eight protected areas that are among the richest in plant life worldwide, containing nearly 20% of Africa's total flora.

Chongoni Rock-Art Area	A picture of various red markings on a stone wall.	Dedza District, Malawi 14°17′36″S 34°16′45″E / 14.293333°S 34.279167°E	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	12,640 (31,200)	2006	The 127-site area contains the richest concentration of rock art in Central Africa, ranging from Stone Age paintings to contemporary work from farmers.

Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande	A picture of a small monument in front of a large, crooked tree, with a row of small houses in the background.	Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde 14°54′55″N 23°36′19″W / 14.915139°N 23.605194°W	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	209 (520)	2009	The town, south of the island of Santiago, was the first European colonial outpost in the tropics, with remains dating back to the 16th century.

Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons)	A view of a small, grassy field in front of a row of trees. A large ledge made of rock fills the background while a small waterfall emerges from the centre-left of its top.	Bandiagara Cercle, Mali 14°20′00″N 3°25′00″W / 14.333330°N 3.416670°W	Mixed: (v), (vii)	327,390 (809,000)	1989	The sandy plateau and cliffs of Bandiagara outline the site, featuring houses, granaries, altars, sanctuaries, and Togu-Na meeting-places. Age-old social traditions such as masks, feasts, rituals, and ancestral worship also add to its cultural significance.

Comoé National Park	A bushbuck stands in a calm river browsing on the thick vegetation along the shore.	Zanzan, Côte d'Ivoire 9°N 4°E / 9°N 4°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	1,150,000 (2,800,000)	1983	Among the largest protected sites of West Africa, the park features the Comoé River and the unique flora which accompanies it.

Dja Faunal Reserve	A long but narrow boat floats on a wide river, with a dense forest bordering the side.	Dja-et-Lobo and Haut-Nyong, Cameroon 3°N 13°E / 3°N 13°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	526,000 (1,300,000)	1987	Among Africa's largest and best protected rain forests, the Cameroonian reserve is almost completely surrounded by the Dja River and contains 107 mammal species, of which five are threatened.

Djémila	A large stone staircase in the foreground leads down to a ruined building, overlooking a panoramic view of several mountains and valleys.	Sétif, Algeria 36°19′14″N 5°44′12″E / 36.320560°N 5.736670°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	30 (74)	1982	The ruins of a Roman town in a mountainous location, including a forum, temples, basilicas, triumphal arches and houses, each adapted to a location 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level.

Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary	A very small grassy island cramped with white, long-beaked pelicans.	Saint-Louis Region, Senegal 16°30′00″N 16°10′00″W / 16.500000°N 16.166670°W	Natural: (vii), (x)	16,000 (40,000)	1981	The Senegal River delta wetland area consists of streams, lakes, ponds and backwaters. It is the home to 1.5 million birds, including the great white pelican, the purple heron, the African spoonbill, the great egret, and cormorants.

Dougga / Thugga	A set of stone seats laid out in a semi-circle to the left overlook a restored stage made up of similar materials to the right.	Béja Governorate, Tunisia 36°25′25″N 9°13′13″E / 36.423610°N 9.220280°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii)	70 (170)	1997	The site features the ruins of Dougga, a former capital of a Libyan–Punic state, which flourished under Ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire, but declined in the Islamic period.

Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda	A view of a wide river in the foreground, with a single dirt mountain surrounded by trees in the background.	Ogooué-Ivindo and Ogooué-Lolo, Gabon 0°30′N 11°30′E / 0.5°N 11.5°E	Mixed: (iii), (iv), (ix), (x)	491,291 (1,214,010)	2007	The park features well-preserved tropical rain forests and savanna, resulting in a diverse ecosystem consisting of endangered, large mammals.

Ennedi Massif: Natural and Cultural Landscape	-	Chad 17°02′30″N 21°51′46″E / 17.04167°N 21.86278°E	Mixed: (iii), (vii), (ix)	2,441,200 (6,032,000)	2016

Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region	A picture of a four-storey stone castle surrounded by a grassy lawn and four cylindrical towers.	Amhara Region, Ethiopia 12°36′25″N 37°27′58″E / 12.606920°N 37.466170°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii)	—	1979	The fortress was the residence of the Ethiopian emperors during the 16th and 17th century. The city remains, which feature buildings with Hindu and Arab influences, were later remodelled with Baroque-style architecture by Jesuit missionaries.

Fort Jesus, Mombasa	A fortified, but badly-faded yellow-coloured wall looks off into distant sea to the left.	Mombasa, Kenya 4°03′46″S 39°40′46″E / 4.062778°S 39.679444°E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	161,485 (399,040)	2011	Fort Jesus is a Portuguese fort built from 1593 to 1596 on Mombasa Island to guard the old port of Mombasa, Kenya.

Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions	A picture taken in foggy weather depicting a white, contemporary building several storeys high.	Central Region, Greater Accra, Volta Region, and Western Region, Ghana 5°14′51″N 0°47′07″W / 5.247398°N 0.785167°W	Cultural: (vi)	—	1979	The site features the remains of fortified trading posts, built along the Ghanaian coast between 1482 and 1786.

Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa	A picture of dozens of pointed limestone formations hanging from a ceiling inside a cave.	Gauteng, Limpopo, and North West, South Africa 24°09′31″S 29°10′37″E / 24.158610°S 29.176940°E	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	—	1999	The various fossil sites contain traces of human occupation and evolution dating 3.3 million years.

Garajonay National Park	A foggy picture of a rain forest riddled with weeds and various plant life.	La Gomera, Spain 28°07′34″N 17°14′14″W / 28.126250°N 17.237222°W	Natural: (vii), (ix)	3,984 (9,840)	1986	Most of the park, in the middle of the island of La Gomera of the Canary Islands, is covered with a lush laurel forest.

Garamba National Park	An overhead and cloudy view of a wide, swampy river with grassy plains on both sides.	Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4°00′N 29°15′E / 4°N 29.25°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	500,000 (1,200,000)	1980	The park has vast savannas, grasslands and woodland, featuring elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses and the white rhinoceros. Garamba was deemed to be endangered following the diminution of the white rhinoceros population in the area, but it was removed from the list in 1991.

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region	A large, square-shaped mound made up of dirt and rock in the middle of a deserted area.	Meroë, Sudan 18°32′00″N 31°49′00″E / 18.533333°N 31.816667°E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)	183 (450)	2003	The five sites in the Nile Valley feature temples that are testimonial to the Napatan and Meroitic cultures.

Gough and Inaccessible Islands	A large rock in the distance is surrounded by a dampened and partially snowy field.	Saint Helena, United Kingdom 40°19′29″S 9°55′43″W / 40.324722°S 9.928611°W	Natural: (vii), (x)	7,900 (20,000)	1995	The site represent one of the least-disrupted islands and marine ecosystems in the North Temperate Zone. The cliffs are free of introduced mammals and feature one of the world's largest colonies of seabirds.

Great Zimbabwe National Monument	A picture of a semi-spherically shaped stone enclosure sitting in front of a larger wall.	Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe 20°17′00″S 30°56′00″E / 20.283333°S 30.933333°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi)	722 (1,780)	1986	The city, now in ruins, was an important trading center between the 11th and 15th centuries, and was capital of the Bantu civilization.

Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town	The Harar city wall (jugol).	Harari Region, Ethiopia 9°18′32″N 42°08′16″E / 9.308889°N 42.137778°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)	48 (120)	2006	The city is on a plateau and surrounded by gorges and savanna. It contains 82 mosques, 102 shrines, and unique interior design in the townhouses.

Historic Cairo	A front view of a large, white building standing behind a thin palm tree.	Cairo, Egypt 30°03′00″N 31°15′40″E / 30.050000°N 31.261110°E	Cultural: (i), (v), (vi)	524 (1,290)	1979	One of the world's oldest Islamic cities and in the middle of urban Cairo, the site dates from the 10th century and reached its golden age in the 14th century.

Historic Centre of Agadez	Tchirozerine Department, Niger 16°58′25″N 7°59′29″E / 16.973611°N 7.991389°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii)	78 (190)	2013

Historic City of Meknes	A picture of a large gate several metres high covered with various abstract designs.	Meknes, Morocco 33°53′00″N 5°33′30″W / 33.883330°N 5.558330°W	Cultural: (iv)	—	1996	The former capital was founded in the 11th century and turned into a city with Spanish-Moorish influence during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Historic Town of Grand-Bassam	A picture of an old home with large vegetation growing out of it, its structure slightly caving inward.	Sud-Comoé, Côte d'Ivoire 5°11′45″N 3°44′11″W / 5.195914°N 3.736369°W	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	110 (270)	2012	A colonial town built during the 19th and 20th centuries, Grand-Bassam was the first Ivorian capital following French rule in the region.

Ichkeul National Park	A view of two large hills and a small beach, partially obstructed from the left by a larger vegetated hill.	Bizerte, Tunisia 37°09′49″N 9°40′29″E / 37.163610°N 9.674720°E	Natural: (x)	12,600 (31,000)	1980	Ichkeul Lake and the surrounding wetlands is a destination for hundreds of thousands of migrating birds, including ducks, geese, storks and pink flamingos.

iSimangaliso Wetland Park	A view of a large bed of water near sunset. Onshore to the right is a small shack made of a thin material elevated with wooden poles.	KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 27°50′20″S 32°33′00″E / 27.838890°S 32.550000°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	239,566 (591,980)	1999	The park features a variety of landforms, including coral reefs, long sandy beaches, coastal dunes, lake systems, and papyrus wetland, caused by fluvial, marine and aeolian processes.

Island of Gorée	A picture with a beige dock in the foreground and a multicoloured city in the background.	Dakar Region, Senegal 14°40′02″N 17°24′03″W / 14.667220°N 17.400830°W	Cultural: (vi)	—	1978	The island was the largest slave-trading center on the African coast from the 15th to the 19th century.

Island of Mozambique	Several small boats float onshore. A white church with a red roof stands several metres away up a sandy path.	Nampula, Mozambique 15°02′03″S 40°44′09″E / 15.034170°S 40.735830°E	Cultural: (iv), (vi)	—	1991	The fortified former Portuguese trading post has used the same architectural techniques, style, and materials since the 16th century.

Island of Saint-Louis	A somewhat narrow street runs straight between several lightly coloured buildings.	Saint-Louis Region, Senegal 16°01′40″N 16°30′16″W / 16.027780°N 16.504440°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	2000	The French colonial settlement from the 17th century is on an island in the mouth of the Sénégal River. It played an important role in the culture and economy of West Africa.

Kahuzi-Biega National Park	A gorilla eating in a shrub.	Maniema and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2°30′N 28°45′E / 2.5°N 28.75°E	Natural: (x)	600,000 (1,500,000)	1980	The park is dominated by two extinct volcanoes, Kahuzi and Biega. It also has abundant fauna, including the graueria gorillas.

Kairouan	A picture with a dozen stone tombs, all of which are enclosed within a large wall. A large tower stands behind the wall several stories high.	Kairouan Governorate, Tunisia 35°40′54″N 10°06′14″E / 35.681670°N 10.103890°E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (v), (vi)	—	1988	The former capital was founded in 670 and flourished in the 9th century. Its heritage includes the Mosque of Uqba and the Mosque of the Three Gates.

Kasbah of Algiers	A skyline of a moderately large city, coloured mostly in white.	Algiers, Algeria 36°47′00″N 3°03′37″E / 36.783330°N 3.060280°E	Cultural: (ii), (v)	60 (150)	1992	A unique Islamic city on the Mediterranean coast, the former site overlooks the Carthaginian trading posts of the 4th century BCE.

Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley	An aerial view of a large, grassy plain by the water. A small road zigzags through the field.	Rift Valley Province, Kenya 0°26′33″N 36°14′24″E / 0.442500°N 36.240000°E	Natural: (viii), (x)	161,485 (399,040)	2011	Located in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, the site features three lakes: Lake Bogoria, Lake Nakuru and Lake Elementaita. A highly diverse population of birds, including thirteen threatened species, frequent the area.

Khami Ruins National Monument	A black and white photo of a partially ruined wall from above.	Matabeleland, Zimbabwe 20°09′30″S 28°22′36″E / 20.158333°S 28.376667°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	—	1986	The city was built after the mid-16th century and was an important trading center.

ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape	Northern Cape, South Africa 25°41′15″S 20°22′29″E / 25.68761111111111°S 20.374583333333334°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)	959,100 (2,370,000)	2017	The ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape is located at the border with Botswana and Namibia in the northern part of the country, coinciding with the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP).

Kilimanjaro National Park	An aerial view of a large mountain's peak, encircled by many thick white clouds.	Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of 3°04′00″S 37°22′00″E / 3.066670°S 37.366670°E	Natural: (vii)	75,575 (186,750)	1987	The volcanic massif Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest point at 5,895 metres (19,341 ft), and is surrounded by a park with savanna and forest featuring numerous mammals.

Kondoa Rock-Art Sites	Kondoa District, Tanzania, United Republic of 4°43′28″S 35°50′02″E / 4.724444°S 35.833889°E	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	233,600 (577,000)	2006	Two millennia of rock carving, many of high artistic value, have been found at 150 shelters in the site. They tell the tale of socio-economic development from hunter-gatherer to agro-pastoralism.

Konso Cultural Landscape	A Konso Waga sculpture.	Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia 5°18′N 37°24′E / 5.3°N 37.4°E	Cultural: (iii), (v)	14,000 (35,000)	2011	The site features 55 kilometres (34 mi) of stonewalled terraces and fortified settlements in the Konso highlands of Ethiopia.

Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba	A picture of a large hut resembling a castle, in front of several trees.	Kara Region, Togo 10°04′00″N 1°08′00″E / 10.066667°N 1.133333°E	Cultural: (v), (vi)	50,000 (120,000)	2004	The Batammariba's mud tower houses have become a symbol of Togo. They range up to two stories and feature spherical granaries.

Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou	A distant view of a monotonous city on a very slanted hill.	Aït Benhaddou, Morocco 31°02′50″N 7°07′44″W / 31.047220°N 7.128890°W	Cultural: (iv), (v)	3 (7.4)	1987	The ksar is an example of a traditional pre-Saharan habitat, surrounded by high walls and reinforced with corner towers.

Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites	A distant view of very small island home to several thin trees, a brown dock, and a partially obstructed brown shack.	Banjul, Lower Niumi, and Upper Niumi, Gambia 13°18′58″N 16°21′26″W / 13.316166°N 16.357194°W	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	8 (20)	2003	The site is a testimony to the encounters between Africa and Europe from pre-colonial times to independence along the Gambia River.

Lake Malawi National Park	Several children are playing beneath a very large tree. A large, uninhabited island is surrounded by water in the background.	Central Region and Southern Region, Malawi 14°02′00″S 34°53′00″E / 14.033330°S 34.883330°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	9,400 (23,000)	1984	Lake Malawi contains hundreds of fish species, mostly endemic.

Lakes of Ounianga	A lake in a desert area, surrounded by sandstone formations.	Ennedi Region, Chad 19°03′18″N 20°30′20″E / 19.055000°N 20.505556°E	Natural: (vii)	62,808 (155,200)	2012	The Lakes of Ounianga are a series of 18 lakes located in the Sahara desert, in North-Eastern Chad. They exhibit a variety of sizes, depths, chemical compositions and colorations, and some of them are home to aquatic fauna.

Lake Turkana National Parks	A view of a wide river separating two landmasses, on the left and right.	Lake Turkana, Kenya 3°03′05″N 36°30′13″E / 3.051306°N 36.503667°E	Natural: (viii), (x)	161,485 (399,040)	1997	Turkana, as Africa's largest saline lake, is an important area for the study of fauna and flora. It is a breeding ground for the Nile crocodile, hippopotamus and several venomous snakes.

Lamu Old Town	An aerial view of a path (that doubles as a wharf) along the coast of a large body of water.	Lamu, Kenya 2°16′05″S 40°54′07″E / 2.268°S 40.902°E	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi)	16 (40)	2001	The town is the oldest Swahili settlement, and is built in coral stone and mangrove timber. It features inner courtyards, verandas, and elaborate wooden doors.

Laurisilva of Madeira	A foggy picture of the top of a very dense forest.	Madeira, Portugal 32°46′00″N 17°00′00″W / 32.766667°N 17°W	Natural: (ix), (x)	15,000 (37,000)	1999	The site is the largest surviving area of laurel forest. It consists of approximately 90% old-growth forest and is home to endemic species such as the Madeiran long-toed pigeon.

Le Morne Cultural Landscape	An aerial view of a sandspit, home to a large, pointy boulder. Shallow water surrounds its sides, while the sea covers its backside.	Rivière Noire District, Mauritius 20°27′07″S 57°19′42″E / 20.451944°S 57.328333°E	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	349 (860)	2008	The rugged mountain that juts into the ocean was used as a shelter by runaway slaves through the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Lower Valley of the Awash	A picture of a waterfall to the right, shooting water into the side of a rapid flowing river.	Afar Region, Ethiopia 11°06′00″N 40°34′46″E / 11.100060°N 40.579390°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	—	1980	Palaentological findings from at least four million years ago, such as Lucy, give evidence of human evolution.

Lower Valley of the Omo	The Omo River near Omorati.	Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia 4°48′00″N 35°58′00″E / 4.8°N 35.966667°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	—	1980	The prehistoric site near Lake Turkana is the location of many fossil findings, such as Homo gracilis.

M'Zab Valley	A panoramic view of a large city, with sand dunes filling the background.	Ghardaïa, Algeria 32°29′00″N 3°41′00″E / 32.483330°N 3.683330°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (v)	4,000 (9,900)	1982	The intact, traditional human habitat was built around five ksour in the 10th century by the Ibadites.

Maloti-Drakensberg Park	A ground view of a valley and several mountain tops.	Qacha's Nek District, Lesotho* KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa* 29°45′55″S 29°07′23″E / 29.765278°S 29.123056°E	Mixed: (i), (iii), (vii), (x)	249,313 (616,070)	2000	The park features incisive dramatic cutbacks, golden sandstone ramparts, and the largest concentration of cave art in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas	A view of a vegetated plain, with a river flowing in the foreground alongside it.	Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe 15°49′10″S 29°24′29″E / 15.819444°S 29.408056°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	676,600 (1,672,000)	1984	The park, located on the banks of the Zambezi River, features a variety of wild animals, such as buffalo, leopards, cheetahs and Nile crocodiles.

Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park	A blank map of a rectangular-looking country with several rivers running through it. A location is marked in the north with a red dot.	Bamingui-Bangoran, Central African Republic 9°00′N 21°30′E / 9°N 21.5°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	1,740,000 (4,300,000)	1988	The park features vast savannas with a wealth of flora and fauna, such as black rhinoceros, elephants, cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs, red-fronted gazelles and buffalo.

Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape	A picture of a very rocky hill, spanning several hundred metres.	Limpopo, South Africa 22°11′33″S 29°14′20″E / 22.192500°S 29.238890°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)	28,168 (69,600)	2003	The open savanna landscape lies at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers. It was the heart of the Mapungubwe Kingdom until the 14th century, when the area was abandoned, leaving untouched remains of palaces and settlements.

Matobo Hills	A leafless tree partially obstructs a sunrise over a large field.	Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe 20°30′S 28°30′E / 20.5°S 28.5°E	Cultural: (iii), (v), (vi)	205,000 (510,000)	2003	The large boulders have been used as natural shelters since the early Stone Age and feature a collection of rock paintings.

Mbanza-Kongo	Zaire Province, Angola 6°16′04″S 14°14′53″E / 6.267778°S 14.248056°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi)	89.29 (220.6)	2017	The town of Mbanza Kongo, located on a plateau at an altitude of 570 metres, was the political and spiritual capital of the Kingdom of Kongo, one of the largest constituted states in Southern Africa from the 14th to 19th centuries.

Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador)	A seaside view of a large city enclosed by an orange barricade.	Essaouira, Morocco 31°31′00″N 9°46′10″W / 31.516670°N 9.769440°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	30 (74)	2001	The fortified seaport built during the late 18th century has a mix of North African and European architecture, and was a major trading hub between the Sahara and Europe.

Medina of Fez	A picture of a sun-lit back alley with trash scattered across the area. Various buildings of varying architecture are clearly visible.	Fez, Morocco 34°03′40″N 4°58′40″W / 34.061110°N 4.977780°W	Cultural: (ii), (v)	280 (690)	1981	The former capital was founded in the 9th century and features the world's oldest university. The urban fabric and main monuments date from the 13th and 14th centuries.

Medina of Marrakesh	A ground view of an artificially lit tower, reaching several storeys high, at the beginning of a sunset.	Marrakesh, Morocco 31°37′53″N 7°59′12″W / 31.631390°N 7.986670°W	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (v)	1,107 (2,740)	1985	The town was founded in the 1070s and remained a political, economic, and cultural centre for a long time. Monuments from that period include the Koutoubia Mosque, the kasbah, and the battlements.

Medina of Sousse	An aerial view of a town square. The inside of a large, square building is visible.	Sousse Governorate, Tunisia 35°49′40″N 10°38′19″E / 35.827780°N 10.638610°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v)	32 (79)	1988	A prime example of a town from the early Islamic period, the city was an important port during the 9th century.

Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin)	A picture of a very large and cramped city, set on a very slanted hill.	Tétouan, Morocco 35°34′15″N 5°22′00″W / 35.570830°N 5.366670°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v)	7 (17)	1997	Morocco's most complete medina served as the main point of contact between Morocco and Andalusia during the 8th century. The town was rebuilt by Andalusian refugees following the reconquista.

Medina of Tunis	A picture of the lobby inside a luxurious building.	Tunis, Tunisia 36°49′00″N 10°10′00″E / 36.816670°N 10.166670°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (v)	—	1979	The medina holds 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasah and fourtains, testifying to Tunis' golden age from the 12th to the 16th century.

Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur	A picture of several pyramids of varying heights side-to-side.	Giza, Egypt 29°58′34″N 31°07′49″E / 29.976040°N 31.130410°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi)	16,358 (40,420)	1979	The former capital features funerary monuments, like rock tombs, mastabas, temples, and pyramids. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls	A view of dozens of waterfalls side-by-side crashing into the water below. A rainbow forms at the right.	Livingstone District and Matabeleland North, Zambia* Zimbabwe* 17°55′28″S 25°51′19″E / 17.924530°S 25.855390°E	Natural: (vii), (viii)	8,780 (21,700)	1989	The falls of the Zambezi River, which is more than 2 km (1.2 mi) wide, plunge down various basalt gorges resulting in a colorful mist.

Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest	A view of a very slanted and lengthy hill leading to a very foggy top.	Central Province and Eastern Province, Kenya 0°09′18″N 37°18′56″E / 0.155000°N 37.315556°E	Natural: (vii), (ix)	142,020 (350,900)	1997	The park surrounds the 5,199 m (17,057 ft) Mount Kenya and features twelve glaciers.

Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve	A chimpanzee in a tree.	Lola Prefecture, Côte d'Ivoire* Guinea* 7°36′11″N 8°23′27″W / 7.603180°N 8.390970°W	Natural: (ix), (x)	18,000 (44,000)	1981	The reserve features Mount Nimba, its slopes covered in dense forest and grassy mountain pastures. In 1992, the park was inscribed on the World Heritage Committee's danger list, citing a proposed iron and ore mining concession inside the park's boundaries and the apparition of refugees.

Namib Sand Sea	Namibia 24°53′07″S 15°24′28″E / 24.885278°S 15.407778°E	Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)	3,077,700 (7,605,000)	2013

Ngorongoro Conservation Area	Two rhinos walk alongside each other in an empty field, with shadowed mountain ranges in the background.	Arusha Region, Tanzania, United Republic of 3°11′14″S 35°32′27″E / 3.187220°S 35.540830°E	Mixed: (iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)	809,440 (2,000,200)	1979	The site features a concentration of wild animals in a crater beside the active volcano Oldonyo Lengai.

Niokolo-Koba National Park	A bird's eye view of a river running through a forested plain.	Kédougou Region and Tambacounda Region, Senegal 13°04′00″N 12°43′00″W / 13.066670°N 12.716670°W	Natural: (x)	913,000 (2,260,000)	1981	The forests and savannas bordering the Gambia River have a diverse fauna, including Derby eland, chimpanzees, lions, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae	A picture of a large, trapezoidal-shaped stone monument.	Aswan, Egypt 22°20′11″N 31°37′34″E / 22.336390°N 31.626110°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi)	374 (920)	1979	Located along the Nile, the site contains monuments such as the Temple of Ramesses II and the Sanctuary of Isis.

Okapi Wildlife Reserve	River lined by tropical vegetation. Many stones are found in the river.	Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2°00′N 28°30′E / 2°N 28.5°E	Natural: (x)	1,372,625 (3,391,830)	1996	Covering a fifth of the Ituri Rainforest in the Congo River basin, the reserve contains many threatened species of primates and birds.

Okavango Delta	Areal view of Okavango Delta	Orientale, Botswana 19°17′00″S 22°54′00″E / 19.283333°S 22.9°E	Natural: (x)	2,023,590 (5,000,400)	2014

Old Towns of Djenné	A large mud stone castle with hundreds of wooden poles sticking out around its upper half.	Djenné, Mali 13°54′23″N 4°33′18″W / 13.906390°N 4.555000°W	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	—	1988	Inhabited since 250 BCE, the city was an important link in the trans-Saharan gold trade. It contains 2,000 traditional houses.

Old Town of Ghadamès	A picture of a man standing in the middle of a hallway made of limestone.	Ghadames, Libya 30°08′00″N 9°30′00″E / 30.133333°N 9.5°E	Cultural: (v)	—	1986	Located in an oasis, Ghadames is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and represents a traditional architecture with vertical division of functions.

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove	A picture of an abstract-looking hut.	Osogbo, Nigeria 7°45′20″N 4°33′08″E / 7.755560°N 4.552220°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	75 (190)	2005	The dense forests are one of the final remnants of high forests in southern Nigeria. It is the last sacred grove of the Yoruba culture.

Pitons, Cirques and Remparts of Reunion Island	An overhead view of an island filled with high-altitude peaks.	La Réunion, France 21°05′58″S 55°28′48″E / 21.099444°S 55.480000°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	105,838 (261,530)	2010	Outstanding terrain and biodiversity, as part of La Réunion National Park.

Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)	A panoramic view of a large city, largely coloured beige.	El Jadida, Morocco 33°15′24″N 8°30′07″W / 33.256670°N 8.501940°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	8 (20)	2004	The fortification, akin to Renaissance military design from the early 16th century, was taken over by Morocco in 1769. Surviving buildings include the cistern and a Gothic church.

Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis	A picture of four stone pillars which once held up a house.	Nabeul Governorate, Tunisia 36°56′47″N 11°05′57″E / 36.946390°N 11.099170°E	Cultural: (iii)	—	1985	The city was abandoned in 250 BCE during the First Punic War, and is the only surviving example of a Phoenicio–Punic settlement.

Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage	A large, architecturally detailed entrance to a big palace. Several guards are posted out front.	Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer, Morocco 34°01′27″N 6°49′22″W / 34.024167°N 6.822778°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	349 (860)	2012	Rebuilt under the direction of the French from 1912 to the 1930s, the city blends historic and modern features, such as botanical gardens, the Hassan Mosque, and the remnants of Moorish and Andalusian settlements from the 17th century.

Rainforests of the Atsinanana	A picture of a very small river running through a dense forest. Several mountains fill the background.	Eastern Madagascar, Madagascar 14°27′35″S 49°42′09″E / 14.459722°S 49.702500°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	479,660 (1,185,300)	2007	The site consists of six national parks, and protects the island's unique biodiversity, which has evolved in isolation for 60 million years.

Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape	A picture of several shrubs obstructing a view of a large desert.	Northern Cape, South Africa 28°36′00″S 17°12′14″E / 28.6°S 17.203889°E	Cultural: (iv), (v)	160,000 (400,000)	2007	The mountainous desert sustains the semi-nomadic livelihood of the Nama, which includes seasonal migrations that have gone unchanged for two millennia.

Robben Island	A view of a moderately fortified prison and a guard tower.	Western Cape, South Africa 33°48′00″S 18°22′00″E / 33.8°S 18.366667°E	Cultural: (iii), (vi)	475 (1,170)	1999	Between the 17th and 20th century, the island was used as a prison, including for political prisoners, a hospital for socially unacceptable groups, and a military base.

Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus	A drawing of a giraffe on a cave wall.	Fezzan, Libya 24°50′00″N 10°20′00″E / 24.833330°N 10.333330°E	Cultural: (iii)	—	1985	Thousands of cave paintings are visible in different styles, dating from 12,000 BCE to 100 CE.

Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela	A picture of a pick-coloured building intact inside of a large, square hole.	Amhara Region, Ethiopia 12°01′46″N 39°02′26″E / 12.029350°N 39.040420°E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii)	—	1978	The site contains eleven medieval cave churches from the 13th century.

Royal Hill of Ambohimanga	A picture of a fortified wall and gate between two trees.	Antananarivo, Madagascar 18°45′33″S 47°33′46″E / 18.759170°S 47.562780°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi)	59 (150)	2001	The royal city and burial site is a spiritual and sacred site which has created strong feelings of national identity for several centuries.

Royal Palaces of Abomey	A picture of a beige-coloured dirt courtyard with a shack in the corner.	Zou Department, Benin 7°11′00″N 1°59′00″E / 7.183333°N 1.983333°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	48 (120)	1985	The city held the seat of twelve kings who ruled the Kingdom of Dahomey between 1625 and 1900. All but one king built their palace within the area.

Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara	Vault of a ramshackled and possibly ruined building.	Kilwa District, Tanzania, United Republic of 8°57′28″S 39°31′22″E / 8.957780°S 39.522780°E	Cultural: (iii)	—	1981	The site features the remains of two ports used extensively for trade across the Indian Ocean from the 13th and 16th century.

Ruins of Loropéni	A triangular-shaped blank map with a red dot in the south-west designating the location.	Loropéni, Burkina Faso 10°15′00″N 3°35′00″W / 10.25°N 3.583333°W	Cultural: (iii)	1.1 (2.7)	2009	More than a thousand years old, Loropéni is the best-preserved of ten fortresses in Lobi, which were part of about a hundred stone enclosures built during the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Rwenzori Mountains National Park	A panoramic view of a slightly foggy plain, with mountains filling the background.	Bundibugyo District, Kabarole District, and Kasese District, Uganda 0°13′25″N 29°55′27″E / 0.223611°N 29.924167°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	99,600 (246,000)	1994	Covering most of the Rwenzori Mountains, including Mount Margherita, Africa's third-highest peak, the park features glaciers, waterfalls and lakes in an Alpine landscape.

Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests	Two women discuss beside two very long tree roots in a forest.	Coast Province, Kenya 3°55′55″S 39°35′46″E / 3.931944°S 39.596111°E	Cultural: (iii), (v), (vi)	1,538 (3,800)	2008	The site comprises eleven forests spread 200 km (120 mi) along the coast of Kenya. They hold the remains of villages built during the 16th century by the Mijikenda, and are now considered sacred sites.

Saint Catherine Area	A distant view of a very small city enclosed within stone walls. Behind it is a very rocky slope.	South Sinai Governorate, Egypt 28°33′22″N 33°58′32″E / 28.556230°N 33.975430°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi)	60,100 (149,000)	2002	The orthodox monastery from the 6th century is positioned near Mount Horeb where, according to the Old Testament, Moses received the Tablets of the Law.

Salonga National Park	A river meandering through a wooded plain.	Maniema and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2°S 21°E / 2°S 21°E	Natural: (vii), (ix)	3,600,000 (8,900,000)	1984	Africa's largest tropical rain forest reserve is situated at the heart of the Congo River basin and only accessible by water.

Saloum Delta	An aerial view of a river zigzagging sharply through a damp field.	Senegal 13°50′07″N 16°29′55″W / 13.835278°N 16.498611°W	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v)	145,811 (360,310)	2011	The area has sustained human life thanks to fishing and shellfish gathering, for which there are 218 shellfish mounds across the site.

Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park	Sudan 19°44′10″N 37°26′35″E / 19.73611°N 37.44306°E	Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)	199,524 (493,030)	2016	Situated in the central Red Sea, Sanganeb, Dungonab Bay and Mukkawar Island feature a diverse system of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, beaches and islets, and host populations of seabirds, marine mammals, fish, sharks, turtles, manta rays and dugongs.

San Cristóbal de la Laguna	A modern plaza with many large trees and a fountain in the middle.	Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 28°28′40″N 16°18′42″W / 28.477889°N 16.311778°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	60 (150)	1999	The city contains two centres: the unplanned Upper Town, and the planned Lower Town, laid out according to philosophical principals. Many of the buildings date from the 16th to the 18th centuries.

Sangha Trinational	A gorilla wading in waist-deep water with its arms outstretched and holding an object in its right hand. The water is surrounded by thick vegetation.	Cameroon* Central African Republic* Congo* 2°36′34″N 16°33′15″E / 2.609444°N 16.554167°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	746,309 (1,844,170)	2012

Selous Game Reserve	Five elephants drinking from a flooded field from afar.	Lindi Region, Morogoro Region, Mtwara Region, Pwani Region, and Ruvuma Region, Tanzania, United Republic of 9°00′S 37°24′E / 9°S 37.4°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	5,000,000 (12,000,000)	1982	The park's vegetation varies from dense thickets to open wooded grasslands, and features large numbers of elephants, black rhinoceros, cheetahs, giraffes, hippos and crocodiles.

Serengeti National Park	A family of zebras walking through a plain, with four elephants and a few trees wandering in the background.	Arusha Region, Mara Region, and Shinyanga Region, Tanzania, United Republic of 2°20′00″S 34°34′00″E / 2.333330°S 34.566670°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	1,476,300 (3,648,000)	1981	The vast savanna is known for the annual migration for herds of wildebeest, gazelle, zebras, and their predators.

Simien National Park	A mountain landscape with deep precipices.	Amhara Region, Ethiopia 13°11′00″N 38°04′00″E / 13.183333°N 38.066667°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	22,000 (54,000)	1978	The eroded Ethiopian plateau comprises jagged mountain peaks, deep valleys, and sharp precipices dropping about 1,500 m (4,900 ft). The decrease of the walia ibex, bushbuck, and bushpig populations, as well as an increase of the human population in the park prompted the World Heritage Committee to place it on their List of World Heritage in Danger in 1996.

Stone Circles of Senegambia	A picture of several mounds of dirt.	Central River Division and Kaolack Region, Gambia* Senegal* 13°41′28″N 15°31′21″W / 13.691111°N 15.522500°W	Cultural: (i), (iii)	10 (25)	2006	The groups of stone circles are among over 1,000 different monuments along the Gambia River. Used as burial grounds, they were erected between the 3rd century BCE and the 16th century CE.

Stone Town of Zanzibar	A distant view of a very large and luxurious building near a wide river.	Zanzibar, Tanzania, United Republic of 6°09′47″S 39°11′21″E / 6.163060°S 39.189170°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	96 (240)	2000	A prime example of an East African coastal trading town, its urban fabric and townscape remains intact.

Sukur Cultural Landscape	A landscape view of a series of rocky valleys.	Madagali, Nigeria 10°44′26″N 13°34′19″E / 10.740560°N 13.571940°E	Cultural: (iii), (v), (vi)	—	1999	The site features the Palace of the Hidi, terraced fields, and the remains of a former iron industry.

Taï National Park	A blank map of a square-shaped country with a black dot designating the location of the site.	Guiglo and Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire 5°45′00″N 7°07′00″W / 5.750000°N 7.116667°W	Natural: (vii), (x)	330,000 (820,000)	1982	One of few remaining sections of the West African tropical forest, the park features a rich flora, including eleven species of monkeys.

Tassili n'Ajjer	A picture of a very faint drawing of an elephant and a giraffe on a cave wall.	Illizi and Tamanrasset, Algeria 25°30′N 9°00′E / 25.5°N 9°E	Mixed: (i), (iii), (vii), (viii)	7,200,000 (18,000,000)	1982	The site is in a landscape with 15,000 cave engravings that record climatic changes, animal migrations, and the evolution of human life, dating from 6,000 BCE to the first centuries CE.

Teide National Park	A ground view of a mountain top, obstructed by a few low-level clouds.	Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 28°16′17″N 16°38′37″W / 28.271389°N 16.643611°W	Natural: (vii), (viii)	18,990 (46,900)	2007	The national park features the Teide stratovolcano, which at 3,718 m (12,198 ft) is Spain's tallest mountain and the world's third-tallest volcano.

Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site	A picture of a stone wall with a gate.	Migori County, Kenya 0°58′23″S 34°15′30″E / 0.9731°S 34.2583°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v)	21 (52)	2018	Dating back to the 16th century CE, the dry-stone walled settlement is the largest and best preserved traditional enclosures of its kind.

Timbuktu	A picture of a very small pyramid with dozens of wooden poles sticking out around it.	Timbuktu Cercle, Mali 16°46′24″N 2°59′58″W / 16.773333°N 2.999444°W	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v)	—	1988	The city was a centre for the propagation of Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries, and features three mosques and many madrasahs.

Timgad	A picture of a city ruins and a still-standing building near the back.	Batna Province, Algeria 35°29′03″N 6°28′07″E / 35.484167°N 6.468611°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	0.04 (0.099)	1982	A military colony built by Emperor Trajan in 100 CE, the site features cardo and decumanus streets, typical of a Roman town.

Tipasa	A mosaic made of tiles covers the ground of a small square near a grave site.	Tipaza, Algeria 36°35′31″N 2°26′58″E / 36.591944°N 2.449444°E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	52 (130)	1982	First a Carthaginian trading center, Tipasa was converted into a military base by the Romans. Heavy Christian influences can be seen from the 3rd and 4th centuries, though Tipasa went into steady decline in the Byzantine period.

Tiya	A view of several tombstones lined up side-by-side.	Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia 8°26′06″N 38°36′44″E / 8.434910°N 38.612100°E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	—	1980	The archaeological site contains 36 monuments, which includes 32 carved stelae covered with symbols hard to decrypt.

Tomb of Askia	A large dirt mound shaped like a pyramid with sticks sticking out around it.	Gao Region, Mali 16°17′23″N 0°02′40″E / 16.289800°N 0.044560°E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	4 (9.9)	2004	Built in 1495, the pyramid was built as a tomb for Emperor Askia Mohamed. It represents the power of an empire that controlled the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi	A picture of a dome-shaped house made of natural materials.	Kampala District, Uganda 0°20′55″N 32°33′05″E / 0.348611°N 32.551389°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi)	27 (67)	2001	The tombs, built after 1884, are a major example of prime architecture using organic materials, principally wood, thatch, reed, and wattle and daub.

Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve	A complex, heavily eroded dark grey limestone rock formation.	Melaky, Madagascar 18°40′00″S 44°45′00″E / 18.666670°S 44.75°E	Natural: (vii), (x)	152,000 (380,000)	1990	The canyon of the Manambolo River comprises karstic and limestone landscapes cut into peaks and a forest of limestone needles. It also holds undisturbed forests, lakes and mangrove swamps, which are the habitat for lemurs and birds.

Tsodilo	A drawing of two rhinos and a bull on a cave wall.	North-West, Botswana 18°45′00″S 21°44′00″E / 18.75°S 21.733333°E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi)	4,800 (12,000)	2001	The site features more than 4,500 rock art paintings in the Kalahari Desert. Archaeological records provide evidence of human and environmental activities ranging over 100,000 years.

Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes	Various drawings on a cave wall.	Kunene, Namibia 20°35′44″S 14°22′21″E / 20.595583°S 14.372583°E	Cultural: (iii), (v)	57 (140)	2007	The site has one of the largest concentrations of rock engravings in Africa, which range from a period of over 2,000 years.

Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve	A picture of a waterfall obstructed by a couple of palm trees.	Praslin, Seychelles 4°19′45″S 55°44′15″E / 4.329170°S 55.737500°E	Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)	20 (49)	1983	The natural palm forest is preserved in almost its original state.

Virunga National Park	A picture of a mountain landscape with trunks of trees or shrubs that appear to have burned.	North Kivu and Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo 0°55′00″N 29°10′00″E / 0.916667°N 29.166667°E	Natural: (vii), (viii), (x)	800,000 (2,000,000)	1979	The park comprises swamps, savannas, and snowfields. Virunga was inscribed on the World Heritage Committee's List of World Heritage in Danger in 1994, due to the war in Rwanda and the subsequent increase of the refugee population in the park, deforestation, poaching, departure of park staff, and depletion of forests.

Vredefort Dome	A view of a multicoloured cave ceiling.	Free State and North West, South Africa 26°52′S 27°16′E / 26.86°S 27.26°E	Natural: (viii)	30,000 (74,000)	2005	The crater, with a diameter of 190 km (120 mi), is the largest, oldest, and most deeply eroded astrobleme found on Earth, dating back more than two billion years.

W-Arly-Pendjari Complex	A picture of a marshy river surrounded on both sides by shrubs and trees.	Benin; Burkina Faso; Niger 11°53′3″N 2°29′16″E / 11.88417°N 2.48778°E	Natural: (ix), (x)	1,494,831 (3,693,810); buffer zone 1,101,221 (2,721,180)	1996	The parks are in the zone between savanna and forest lands, and are an important ecosystem for the biogeographical area.

Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)	A picture of a long skeleton surrounded by a circular wire. A large rock formation is visible in the background.	Faiyum Governorate, Egypt 29°20′00″N 30°11′00″E / 29.333330°N 30.183330°E	Natural: (viii)	20,015 (49,460)	2005	Located in western Egypt, the site contains fossil remains of the now extinct Archaeoceti, mapping the evolution of the whales from a land-based to an aquatic mammal.

Sentence(s)

Timbuktu is one of the World Heritage Sites in Africa.

final_sentence: Timbuktu is one of the World Heritage Sites in Africa.