Abolition of monarchy
Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries

Abolition of monarchy

Section Title: Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries
Table Section Text: None

Country	Last monarch	Year	Annotations

1900s

Dendi	Askia Malla	1901	Ousted by the French, the country became a part of French West Africa.

-	Ashanti	Prempeh I	1902	Ousted by the British, the country became a part of Gold Coast (British colony).

Oyo	Adeyemi I Alowolodu	1905	Last monarch died, the country became a part of British Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

-	Mwali	1909	The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.

1910s

-	Portugal	Manuel II	1910	Republican Coup d'État.

-	Korea	Sunjong	Native monarchy abolished; replaced by rule by Japan, a monarchy, through 1945.

Angoche	Ousted by the Portuguese, the country was incorporated into Portugal.

Nri	Eze Nri Òbalíke	1911	Ousted by the British, the country became a part of Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

Kasanje	The country was incorporated into Portuguese West Africa.

-	China	Xuantong	1912	Xinhai Revolution – Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans.

Ndzuwani	Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar	The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.

-	Kongo	Manuel III	1914	Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.

-	Sultanate of Sulu	Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II	1915	Split into American Insular Government over the Philippine islands, British North Borneo and the Dutch East Indies.

Darfur	Ali Dinar	1916	Darfur formally re-incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

-	China	Hongxian	Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the National Protection War.

-	Russia	Nicholas II	1917	Russian Revolution of 1917.

-	Finland	Finnish Declaration of Independence.

-	Montenegro	Nicholas I	1918	Referendum deposed King and united Montenegro with Serbia.

-	Germany	William II	All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following German Revolution.

-	Prussia

-	Bavaria	Ludwig III

-	Württemberg	William II

-	Saxony	Frederick Augustus III

-	Hesse	Ernest Louis

-	Baden	Frederick II

-	Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	William Ernest

-	Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Frederick Francis IV

-	Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Adolphus Frederick VI

-	Oldenburg	Frederick Augustus II

-	Brunswick	Ernst Augustus

-	Anhalt	Joachim Ernst

-	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Charles Edward

-	Saxe-Meiningen	Bernhard III

-	Saxe-Altenburg	Ernst II

-	Waldeck-Pyrmont	Friedrich

-	Lippe	Leopold IV

-	Schaumburg-Lippe	Adolf II

-	Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt	Günther Victor

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

-	Reuss Elder Line	Heinrich XXIV

-	Reuss Younger Line	Heinrich XXVII

-	Austria	Charles I	Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on 10 September 1919.

-	Finland	Frederick Charles I	Monarchy never in effect.

-	Lithuania	Mindaugas II

-	Poland	Ruled by Regency Council

-	Hungary	Charles IV	Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a Regent.

-	Serbia	Peter I	Country transformed to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

-	Ukraine	Pavlo Skoropadskyi	Removed from power, following an uprising led by Symon Petliura and the withdrawal of German forces from Kiev.

1920s

-	Bukhara (Uzbekistan)	Mohammed Alim Khan	1920	Monarchy deposed by an invasion by the Red Army (Bukhara operation (1920)).

-	Khiva (Uzbekistan)	Abdallah Khan	Monarchy deposed by a communist uprising aided by the Red Army (Khivan Revolution).

-	Syria	Faisal I	Monarchy deposed, following the Siege of Damascus.

-	Ottoman Empire	Mehmed VI	1922	Sultanate abolished in 1922.

Wituland	Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad	1923	Sultanate abolished by British, the country was incorporated into Kenya Colony.

-	Greece	George II	1924	Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).

-	Mongolia	Bogd Khan	Communist People's Republic proclaimed after Khan's death.

-	Albania	William I	1925	Monarchy restored in 1928 (Albanian Kingdom).

Mohammerah	Khaz'al al-Ka'bi	1925	Sheikhdom abolished by Persia

Orungu	Rogombé-Nwèntchandi	1927	Position abolished by French.

1930s

-	Spain	Alfonso XIII	1931	Later restored (see below).

Jimma	Abba Jofir	1932	Ousted by Ethiopians, Jimma incorporated into Ethiopia.

-	Albania	Zog I	1939	Throne usurped by Victor Emmanuel III, after Italian invasion.

1940s

-	Albania	Victor Emmanuel III	1943	Relinquished throne after Italian armistice.

-	Croatia	Tomislav II	Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support.

-	Iceland	Christian X	1944	Union with Denmark terminated.

-	Montenegro	Ruled by Governor	Monarchy abolished after takeover by Yugoslav Partisans

-	Yugoslavia	Peter II	1945	Communist reconstruction.

-	Manchukuo	Kāngdé	Merged into the Republic of China after abolition of the Empire.

-	Vietnam	Bảo Đại	Monarchy abolished after the Surrender of Japan.

-	Hungary	Miklós Horthy as Regent	1946	Decision of the parliament without a referendum.

-	Italy	Umberto II	Referendum; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.

-	Bulgaria	Simeon II	Referendum held to decide whether the monarchy would be retained; 95% in favour of republic. Simeon later served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria 2001-2005.

-	Sarawak	Charles Vyner Brooke	White Rajahs hand over power to British crown.

-	Romania	Michael I	1947	Forced out by the communists.

-	Ireland	George VI	1949	Abolished the last "Monarchy of Ireland", the King of the United Kingdom.

1950s

-	India	George VI	1950	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Mysore	HH Maharaja Sir Jayachamaraja Wodeyar	1950	The Kingdom of Mysore merged with the Republic of India in 1950

-	Tibet	Tenzin Gyatso	1951	Incorporated into the People's Republic of China.

-	Egypt	Fuad II	1953	Republic proclaimed one year after the 1952 Revolution.

-	Vietnam	Bảo Đại	1954	Vietnam partitioned through the Geneva Accords.

-	Vietnam	Bảo Đại	1955	Referendum in South Vietnam.

-	Pakistan	Elizabeth II	1956	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Tunisia	Muhammad VIII al-Amin	1957	coup d'état

-	Iraq	Faisal II	1958

1960s

-	Ghana	Elizabeth II	1960	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, following a referendum; official result: 88% in favour of republic.

-	South Africa	1961	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy pursuant to 1960 referendum; official result: 53% in favor of republic.

-	Rwanda	Kigeli V	coup d'état, followed by referendum; official result: 80% in favor of abolishing monarchy.

-	Tanganyika	Elizabeth II	1962	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Yemen	Muhammad al-Badr	coup d'état

-	Nigeria	Elizabeth II	1963	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Uganda

-	Kenya	1964

-	Zanzibar	Jamshid bin Abdullah	Zanzibar Revolution

-	Burundi	Ntare V	1966	coup d'état

-	Malawi	Elizabeth II	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Fadhli Sultanate	Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli	1967	The countries were incorporated into newly created People's Republic of South Yemen.

-	Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut	Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti

-	Sultanate of Upper Yafa	Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah

-	Sultanate of Lower Yafa	Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi

Muflahi Sheikhdom	al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman

Audhali Sultanate	Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali

-	Emirate of Beihan	Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli

Dathina Sheikhdom

-	Emirate of Dhala	Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri

-	Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf in Hadhramaut

Sheikhdom of Shaib	Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi

Alawi Sheikhdom	Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi

Aqrabi Sheikhdom	Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi

-	Wahidi Sultanate of Haban in Hadhramaut	Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi

Qutaibi Sheikhdom

Hadrami Sheikhdom

Mausatta Sheikhdom

Busi Sheikhdom

Dhabi Sheikhdom

Haushabi Sultanate	Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi

-	Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut	Al Husayn ibn Ali

-	Mahra Sultanate

-	Sultanate of Lahej	Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali

Lower Aulaqi Sultanate	Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi

Upper Aulaqi Sultanate	Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi

Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom	Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi

-	Maldives	Muhammad Fareed Didi	1968	Independence referendum.

-	Libya	Idris I	1969	coup d'état

1970s

-	Rhodesia	Elizabeth II	1970	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. An unrecognised government of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia had unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965, proclaiming Elizabeth II as Queen, but she did not accept the title, nor was it recognised by any other state.

-	Cambodia	Norodom Sihanouk	Later restored (see below).

-	The Gambia	Elizabeth II	1971	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Guyana

-	Sierra Leone

-	Ceylon	1972	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, state name changed into "Sri Lanka".

-	Afghanistan	Mohammed Zahir Shah	1973	coup d'état.

-	Ethiopia	Haile Selassie I	1974

-	Greece	Constantine II	referendum; official result: 69% against monarchy

-	Malta	Elizabeth II	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Laos	Savang Vatthana	1975	Communist takeover

-	Sikkim	Palden Thondup Namgyal	Referendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India.

-	Trinidad and Tobago	Elizabeth II	1976	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

-	Iran	Mohammad Reza Pahlavi	1979	Iranian Revolution

-	Central Africa	Bokassa I	coup d'état

1980s

-	Rwenzururu	Charles Mumbere	1982	Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.

-	Fiji	Elizabeth II	1987	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. Elizabeth II remained recognized as Paramount Chief by the Great Council of Chiefs until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012.

1990s

-	Kuwait	Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah	1990	Later restored (see below)

-	Mauritius	Elizabeth II	1992	Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

2000s

-	Nepal	King Gyanendra	2008	Monarchy abolished on 28 May 2008, replaced with a secular federal republic.

Sentence(s)

The monarchy of Tunisia ended in 1957 when Muhammad VIII al-Amin lost his throne and that of Iraq in 1958 when Faisal II was the King.

final_sentence: The monarchy of Tunisia ended in 1957 when Muhammad VIII al-Amin lost his throne and that of Iraq in 1958 when Faisal II was the King.