List of lynching victims in the United States
Names added to this list must be linked to an article about the case. Otherwise they will be deleted.

List of lynching victims in the United States

Section Title:
Table Section Text: Names added to this list must be linked to an article about the case. Otherwise they will be deleted.

Name	Age	Ethnicity	City	County or Parish	State	Year	Accusation	Comment

Gilmer, Bill	African-American	Memphis	Shelby	Tennessee	1879	Shot attorney Thomas J. Wood	Shot. Gilmer was accused of shooting Wood who had whipped Gilmer for using offensive language near his wife.

Harrison, Cellos	31	African-American	Marianna	Jackson	Florida	1943	Murder of a white man.	Awaiting new trial after conviction overturned on appeal.

Thompson, Shedrick (also spelled "Shamrock")	39	African-American	rural	Fauquier	Virginia	1932	Assault and rape.

Lang, Ed	African-American	Rice	Navarro	Texas	1916	"Attacking a young woman."	Taken from a sheriff's posse and hung.

James, John Henry	adult	African-American	Charlottesville (near)	Albemarle	Virginia	1898	Rape

Wright, Charles Young, Arthur one other	African-American	Perry	Taylor	Florida	1922	Murder of white teacher	Wright was taken from sheriff by a large mob, tortured into confession, and burned at the stake. Arthur Young was later taken from the jail and he and another man were shot and hanged.

Scott, Henry	African American	Bartow	Polk	Florida	1920, May 8	He asked a white woman to wait until he had prepared another woman's train berth	Shot

Moore's Ford lynchings (George W. and Mae Murray Dorsey; Roger and Dorothy Malcom)	adults	African-American	Walton	Georgia	1946	Stabbing of a white man (Roger Malcom)	Huge investigation. 2003 and 2016 books on this investigation. No one charged.

Hamilton, Eugene	African-American	Jasper	Georgia	1919	Convicted by all-white jury of attempting to shoot a white farmer; case before Georgia Court of Appeals.	Mob of 60 stopped car of sheriff who was driving him for protection to nearest large city, Macon. Driven to a bridge in Jasper County and shot to death.

Booker, Paul	African-American	Macon (near)	Bibb	Georgia	1919, November 3	Attacking a white woman.	Mob of 400 found him, refused to turn him over to sheriff's deputies. Soaked in gasoline, set on fire; shot while he burned.

Jameson, Jordan	African-American	Magnolia	Columbia	Arkansas	1919, November 11	Killing a sheriff.	Burned to death in the public square.

Watt, W.W.	White	Newport News	N/A	Virginia	1900	Assault	Shot

Walters, Lemuel	African-American	Longview	Gregg	Texas	1919	Making "indecent advances" to a white woman.

Holden, George	African-American	Monroe (near)	Ouachita	Louisiana	1919	Mob stopped a train, dragged him off, and shot him.

Wilkins, Willie	African-American	Jenkins	Georgia	1919	Friend of man believed to have killed lawman.

Ruffin, John	African-American	Jenkins	Georgia	1919	Son of man believed to have killed lawman.

Ruffin, Henry	African-American	Jenkins	Georgia	1919	Son of man believed to have killed lawman.

Woods, Eliza	"Colored"	Jackson	Madison	Tennessee	1886	Supposedly poisoning her employer.	Taken from the county jail, stripped naked, hung up in the courthouse yard and her body riddled with bullets and left exposed to view.

Gause, Anderson	African-American	Henning	Lauderdale	Tennessee	1900	Aided escapees

Conorly, Huie	16	African-American	Bogalusa	Washington	Louisiana	1884	Attempted rape

Pete, Dago	African-American	Tutwiler	Tallahatchie	Mississippi	1900	Assaulted colored woman	Killed by African American mob

Nelson, Laura	African-American	Okemah	Okfuskee	Oklahoma	1911	Shooting a sheriff.	Gang-raped and lynched together with her son, 14, after trying to protect him during a meat-pilfering investigation.

Fambro, William	African-American	Griffin	Spalding	Georgia	1903	Insulted white home

Banks, Isadore	African-American	Marion	Crittenden	Arkansas	1954	Being prosperous

Unknown male	African-American	Marion	Crittenden	Arkansas	1930s	Teaching the black children of Marked Tree, Arkansas to read	Burned, sign posted "run niggers run!".

Champion, Tony Kelly, Michael	African-American, White (Irish)	Gainesville	Alachua	Florida	1891	Murder	Taken together from jail by mob and hanged.

Ford, Andrew	African-American	Gainesville	Alachua	Florida	1891	Beating a man, aiding Harmon Murray	Taken from jail by mob and hanged.

Hinson, Henry	African-American	Micanopy	Alachua	Florida	1892	Murder	Hanged.

Unknown	boy	African-American	Waldo	Alachua	Florida	1892	Suspicion of burglary and incendiarism	Hanged.

Willis, Charles	African-American	Rochelle	Alachua	Florida	1894	"Desperado"	Shot and burned in bed.

Rawls, William	African-American	Newnansville	Alachua	Florida	1895	Murder	Hanged and shot.

Daniels, Alfred	African-American	Gainesville	Alachua	Florida	1896	Suspicion of arson (barn burning) (no evidence)	Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.

Price, Manny, Scruggs, Robert	African-American	Newberry	Alachua	Florida	1902	Murder, suspected accomplice	Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.

Clark, Jumbo	African-American	High Springs	Alachua	Florida	1904	Assault of 14 year old white girl	Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.

Long, Jack	White	Newberry	Alachua	Florida	1908	Murder	Hanged.

White, Henry	African-American	Campville	Alachua	Florida	1913	Found under white woman's bed	Hanged, noose broke, shot.

Newberry Six lynchings (Baskins, Rev. Josh J., Dennis, Bert, Dennis, James, Dennis, Mary, McHenry, Andrew, and Young, Stella)	adults	African-American	Newberry	Alachua	Florida	1916	Helping a man who had shot and killed a constable	James Dennis was shot. The others were hanged.

Wilson, Abraham	African-American	Newberry	Alachua	Florida	1923	Cattle stealing	Serving 6 month sentence when taken from jail and hanged.

Buddington, George	55	African-American	Waldo	Alachua	Florida	1926	Attempted to collect debt from a white woman at gunpoint	Mob broke lock on jail, took Buddington out of town and shot him to death.

Martin, Albert	23	African-American	Port Huron	St. Clair	Michigan	1889	Assault and rape	A mob broke into his jail cell with sledge hammers, dragged him from the jail with a noose around his neck, beat and shot him to death, then hanged his corpse from a bridge.

Pyszko, Marian	54	Polish Jew	Detroit	Wayne	Michigan	1975	He was white and was in the wrong place at the wrong time.	Killed by African American youths who wanted a white victim.

Puryear, Richard	African-American	Stroudsburg	Monroe	Pennsylvania	1894	Murder	Lynched by a mob after escaping from jail.

Campbell, John	Native-American	Mankato	Blue Earth, Nicollet, and Le Sueur	Minnesota	1865	Murder	Lynched by a mob after an extrajudicial "trial".

Taylor, John	17	African-American	Mason	Ingham	Michigan	1866	attempted murder of his employer's wife following a wage dispute	John was a former slave, and had been a teenage soldier for the Union. A mob dragged him from a jail, tortured him and hanged him from a tree, and mutilated and decapitated his body; no one was prosecuted.

Green, Ernest, and Charlie Lang	14, 15	African-American	Shubuta ("hanging bridge")	Clarke	Mississippi	1942	Attempted rape.

Johnson, Ed	Adult	African-American	Chattanooga	Hamilton	Tennessee	1906	Rape of white woman	Sheriff and two others sentenced to 6 months in jail, three others with 3 months, for abetting the lynching. Only criminal case ever with direct involvement of the U.S.

Clark, Andrew and Major; Alma and Maggie House	16, 20, 16, 20	African-American	Shubuta ("hanging bridge")	Clarke	Mississippi	1918	Alleged murder of dentist	Dentist had affairs with both sisters, who were pregnant, likely with his child; the brothers had romantic interest in the girls.

Porter, Nevlin	African-American	Starkville	Oktibbeha	Mississippi	1897	Arson

Spencer, Johnson	African-American	Starkville	Oktibbeha	Mississippi	1897	Arson

Clark, James	African-American	Eau Gallie	Brevard	Florida	1926	Rape of a white girl	No attempt to verify crime nor identify murderers:Last known lynching in Brevard County

Harrington, Levi	African-American	Kansas City	Jackson	Missouri	1882	Killing a police officer	Newspapers reported he was innocent, but no one was held accountable for the lynching.

Mingo Jack	66	African-American	Eatontown	Monmouth	New Jersey	1886	Rape of a white woman	All suspects acquitted.

Williams, Elbert	African-American	Brownsville	Haywood	Tennessee	1940	Registering to vote and starting an NAACP chapter.	Last lynching in Tennessee.

Brown, Will	41	African-American	Omaha	Douglas	Nebraska	1919	Rape	Part of the Omaha race riot of 1919

Outlaw, Wyatt	African-American	Graham	Alamance	North Carolina	1870	Prominent local figure (no crime alleged)	63 indictments, but the North Carolina Legislature, to end their cases, repealed the law they were charged with violating.

Stephens, John W.	35	White	Yancyville	Caswell	North Carolina	1870	State senator who worked to help freedmen	Ku Klux Klan; no one charged.

McChristian, Perry	White	Grenada	Grenada	Mississippi	1885	Murder of white peddler

Williams, Felix	White	Grenada	Grenada	Mississippi	1885	Murder of white peddler

James, Bartley	African-American	Grenada	Grenada	Mississippi	1885	Suspicion of murder of white peddler

Campbell, John	African-American	Grenada	Grenada	Mississippi	1885	Suspicion of murder of white peddler

Williams, Eugene	African-American	Chicago	Cook	Illinois	1919	Racial unrest	A white officer refused to arrest the murderer, and instead arrested a black man who complained about it.

Robinson, Robert	African-American	Chicago	Cook	Illinois	1919	He was black, and they wanted to kill a black	Robinson was an Army Reserve veteran.

Ashley, Bob	African-American	Dublin	Laurens	Georgia	1919	Hoped to shoot someone else	A group of men thought another man might be inside Ashley's house, so they shot into the house, mortally wounding Ashley.

Wright, Cleo	African-American	Sikeston	Scott	Missouri	1942	Home invasion, attempted murder, attempted rape, resisting arrest	Around 100 black people left Sikeston and never returned.

Walters, Lemuel	African-American	Longview	Gregg	Texas	1919	Consensual sex with white woman	The report of the affair and the subsequent coverup led to the Longview riots.

Richards, Benny	African-American	Warrenton	Warren	Georgia	1919	Accused of murdering his ex-wife and shooting 5 others	300 men lynched Richards, a farmer.

Clay, Lloyd	African-American	Vicksburg	Warren	Mississippi	1919	False rape accusation	1000 men broke through three steel doors to abduct Clay from jail before hanging, shooting, and burning him.

Prince, Henry	African-American	Hawkinsville	Pulaski	Georgia	1919

Waters, Jim	African-American	Johnson	Georgia	1919	Rape accusation	Investigation closed in one hour with no witnesses interviewed.

Livingston, Frank	African-American	El Dorado	Union	Arkansas	1919	False murder accusation	One of many returning WW I veterans lynched in 1919.

Miller, William	African-American	Brighton	Jefferson	Alabama	1908	Labor activist	Jefferson County had the highest number of lynchings in Alabama (29).

Washington, Berry	72	African-American	Milan	Dodge and Telfair	Georgia	1919	Defended black girls from white home invaders.	Many black homes burned to discourage citizens from coming forward

Chaney, James	21	African-American	Philadelphia	Neshoba	Mississippi	1964	Civil rights worker	A federal jury in 1967 convicted the sheriff and six others of conspiracy to violate civil rights; they received minor punishment.

Jordan, James	adult	African-American	Waverly	Sussex	Virginia	1925	Married woman "attacked" in her home.	The case and two others helped lead to the Virginia Anti-Lynching Law of 1928, the first state law against lynching.

Armwood, George	23	African-American	Princess Anne	Somerset	Maryland	1933	Attempted assault and rape	Grand jury declined to indict any of the lynchers identified by State Police. Last lynching in Maryland.

Randolph, Sydney	adult	African-American	Gaithersburg	Montgomery	Maryland	1896	Killing a white girl	Taken from the jail by a mob.

Taylor, George	African-American	Rolesville	Wake	North Carolina	1918	Rape of a white woman	No charges were filed. There is a Web site on this lynching.

Carter, James	African-American	Amherst	Amherst	Virginia	1902	Unknown

Divers, Emmett	adult	African-American	Mexico	Audrain	Missouri	1893	Murder of a white woman	"Horrible fury of the mob...500 horsemen." Hung from bridge until dead, taken down and hung a second time from a telegraph pole at the fairground, "at the request of the murdered woman's husband".

Estes, Siles	African-American	Hodgenville	LaRue	Kentucky	1901	"Forcing...a 15 year old boy...to commit a crime."

Lundy, Dick	adult	African-American	Edgefield	Edgefield	South Carolina	1891	Murder of son of sheriff	Coroner's jury: "by persons unknown"

Steers, Jennie	adult	African-American	rural area near Shreveport	Caddo	Louisiana	1903	Poisoning daughter of a planter

Great Hanging at Gainesville (number > 16)	adult men	White	Gainesville	Cooke	Texas	1862	Lynching, plus "legal" executions, of Union supporters by Confederate supporters	Many lynched before trial was concluded. Prosecution of perpetrators "half-hearted"; only one convicted.

Peterson, John	adult	African-American	Denmark	Bamberg (at the time, Barnwell County)	South Carolina	1893	Attack on a white girl

Morris, Frank	adult	African-American	Ferriday	Concordia	Louisiana	1964	"Flirting" with white females

Byrd Jr., James	49	African-American	Jasper	Jasper	Texas	1998	None (white supremacists)	Dragged to death behind a car, until his head hit a culvert. Perpetrators convicted; two executed, one to life imprisonment.

Young, Albert (or Arthur)	21	African-American	Perry	Taylor	Florida	1922	Murder of a white schoolteacher	Tortured, then burned alive

Reeb, James (Unitarian minister)	38	White	Selma	Dallas	Alabama	1965	Northerner coming to help blacks; ate in "nigger" restaurant.	Denied treatment in Selma for severe blow to head; condition deteriorated on the two-hour trip to a hospital that would treat him (in Birmingham, Alabama); died two days later.

McClelland, Brandon	23–24	African-American	Paris	Lamar	Texas	2008	None (white supremacists)	Dragged to death behind car. Prosecutor dropped charges, "lack of evidence".

Reed, Joseph	African-American	Nashville	Davidson	Tennessee	1875	Killing a police officer	Taken out of his jail cell by an unmasked mob and hanged on a suspension bridge.

Baker, Frazier B.	41	African-American	Lake City	Florence	South Carollna	1898	Appointed Postmaster	Grand jury did not indict. Since it was a Federal crime (attack on a postmaster) there were 13 Federal indictments; no one convicted

Scott, James T. (Janitor at University of Missouri)	African-American	Columbia	Boone	Missouri	1923	Raping the white daughter of a professor.	Before he could stand trial, a mob broke him out of jail and hanged him. The daughter would later identify a different man as her rapist.

Smith, Joseph (founder of Mormonism) and brother Hyram Smith	38, 44	White	Carthage	Hancock	Illinois	1844	Technically, treason against state of Illinois, but lynching was for religious views, especially plural marriage/polygamy.	In jail awaiting trial. Five men were tried and acquitted.

McIntosh, Francis	Adult	African-American	St. Louis	N/A (independent city)	Missouri	1836	Complicated, but culminating in death of one constable/deputy sheriff and wounding another	Burned alive. Lynching had broad local support. Reported on by abolitionist editor Elijah Lovejoy, who was soon lynched himself.

White, George	Adult	African-American	Wilmington	New Castle	Delaware	1903	Assaulting teenage girl and leaving her to die	Taken from county workhouse and burned alive. No one was prosecuted.

Walker, Zachariah	20-24	African-American	Coatesville	Chester	Pennsylvania	1911	Killing of a police officer, possibly in self-defense	Taken from hospital room and burned alive. Fifteen men and teenage boys were indicted, but all were acquitted at trials.

Moss, Tom	Adult	African-American	Memphis	Shelby	Tennessee	1892	Complaint from competing white grocery store owner.	So-called Curve Riot (not a riot). Reported on by Ida B.

McDowell, Calvin	Adult	African-American	Memphis	Shelby	Tennessee	1892	Complaint from competing white grocery store owner.	So-called Curve Riot (not a riot). Reported on by Ida B.

Clayton, Elias, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie	20-23	African-American	Duluth	St. Louis	Minnesota	1920	Rape of a teenage girl	Taken from jail by mob, given mock trials, beaten and hanged from light-post. No one was prosecuted.

Stewart, Will	Adult	African-American	Memphis	Shelby	Tennessee	1892	Complaint from competing white grocery store owner.	So-called Curve Riot (not a riot). Reported on by Ida B.

Holmes, John, and Thomas Thurmond	29 27	White	San Jose	Santa Clara	California	1933	Kidnapping and murder of department store heir Brooke Hart	An estimated 10,000 people witnessed the lynching. California Governor James Rolph called the act "a fine lesson for the whole nation."

Lovejoy, Elijah	35	White	Alton	Madison	Illinois	1837	Abolitionist newspaper editor and publisher	Had moved to Alton to escape violence in St. Louis.

Miller, Amos	23	African-American	Franklin	Williamson	Tennessee	1888	Assaulting a white woman	Taken from the courthouse during his trial and lynched on the balcony railings.

Taylor, Jim	African-American	Franklin	Williamson	Tennessee	1891	Shooting a policeman	Taken from his jail cell by a mob and lynched on Murfreesboro Road.

Higginbotham, Elwood	28	African-American	Oxford	Lafayette	Mississippi	1935	Killed in self-defense a white man that attacked him after he complained about the white man's cattle running over his field.	Killed when jury did not bring back guilty verdict promptly. Widow and extended family immediately left Mississippi.

Thomas, Wade	African-American	Jonesboro	Craighead	Arkansas	1920	Killing a policeman	Taken from jail by a mom, hung, then riddled with bullets.

Patton, Nelse	African-American	Oxford	Lafayette	Mississippi	1908	Killing a white woman	Prominent attorney and former U.S. Senator William V. Sullivan, in his own words, "led the mob...and I'm proud of it".

Jones, David	African-American	Nashville	Davidson	Tennessee	1872	Murdering Henry Murray.	Taken out of his prison cell and lynched by a mob on the public square.

Grizzard, Ephraim	African-American	Nashville	Davidson	Tennessee	1892	Assaulting two white girls in Goodlettsville.	Taken out of his prison cell and lynched on a bridge in Downtown Nashville in front of 10,000 onlookers. Later taken back to Goodlettsville.

Smith, Samuel	15	African-American	Nolensville	Williamson	Tennessee	1924	Stealing spark plugs in a garage.	Taken out of his hospital room in Nashville and lynched by a mob of masked men where he was first caught.

11 Italian Americans	Italian-American	New Orleans	Orleans	Louisiana	1891	Killing of police chief	3 had been acquitted; 3 had a mistrial; 5 never tried. Lynching organized by local leaders, including future mayor Walter C.

Albano, Angelo and Castenge Ficarotta	Italian	Tampa	Hillsborough County	Florida	1910	Complicity in a shooting

Villarosa, Federico	Italian	Vicksburg	Warren County	Mississippi	1886	Assault of a white girl

Saladino, Lorenzo; Arena, Salvatore; Giuseppe Venturella	33-36, 27, 48	Italian	Hahnville	St. Charles Parish	Louisiana	1896	Murder	Saladino was accused of murdering a wealthy merchant. Arena and Venturella happened to have been in the same prison, accused of a different murder.

DiFatta brothers (Francesco, Carlo, and Giuseppe); Cerami, Giovanni; Rosario Fiducia	Italian	Tallulah	Madison Parish	Louisiana	1899	Shooting a doctor	Sicilian immigrant grocery store owners, the DiFatta brothers, quarreled with a local doctor. The doctor fired his pistol at brother Carlo and was immediately shot and injured by brother Giuseppe.

Lewis, Sanford	African-American	Fort Smith	Sebastian	Arkansas	1912	Shooting a constable	Five policemen fined $100 each for "nonfeasance of office". Entire police force fired.

Phifer, Miles (or Relius)	African-American	Montgomery	Montgomery	Alabama	1919	Assault of a white woman	Was wearing military uniform

Temple, Will	African-American	Montgomery	Montgomery	Alabama	1919	Killing a police officer

Crosky, Robert	African-American	Montgomery	Montgomery	Alabama	1919	Assault of a white woman

Heath, John	28	White	Bisbee	Cochise	Arizona Territory	1884	Accessory to robbery	Mob unsatisfied with lenient sentence

Williams, Matthew	23	African-American	Salisbury	Wicomico	Maryland	1931	Killing his employer	Taken forcibly from hospital. No indictment despite numerous witnesses.

Walker, David, his wife and four children	African-American	Hickman	Fulton	Kentucky	1908	Using inappropriate language with a white woman

Grant, George	African-American	Darien	McIntosh	Georgia	1930	Sheriff: "I don't know who killed the nigger and I don't give a damn."

Gunn, Raymond	African-American	Maryville	Nodaway	Missouri	1931	Burned to death. National Guard stood by and watched.

Lowry, Henry ("a negro sharecropper")	African-American	Nodena	Mississippi	Arkansas	1921	Asked for his wages	Burned to death; crowd of 500

Hose, Sam	about 24	African-American	Noonan	Coweta	Georgia	1899	Killed his white employer in self-defense. Accusations of rape added to incite lynching.	Body parts for sale in a store. Widely publicized and privately investigated.

Hartfield, John	African-American	Ellisville	Jones	Mississippi	1919	Assaulting a young white woman	"The biggest newspaper in the state, Jackson Daily News, carried headlines announcing the exact time and place of the coming orgy.

Richardson, Bunk	African-American	Gadsden	Etowah	Alabama	1906	Sentenced to death without being charged with any crime; Governor commuted it to life imprisonment.	Mob seized him from the jail.

Heflin, Lee	White	Fauquier	Virginia	1892	Convicted murderer	Seized from police when they were trying to move him to a safer location.

Wise, Mrs.	African-American	Frankfort (Frankford?)	Virginia (West Virginia?)	1931	Objected to her daughter being taken out for "rides" with white Klansmen.

Tillis, Dave	African-American	Crockett	Houston	Texas	1932	"Demanded an accounting from his landlord. Charged with 'entering the bedroom of a white woman'".

Hughes, George	African-American	Sherman	Grayson	Texas	1930	Pled guilty to criminal assault.	Courthouse stormed (during trial), burned down with Hughes locked in vault, fire hoses cut. Body then dragged behind car and hung, and fire lit under it.

Shorter, William	17	African-American	Winchester	N/A (independent city)	Virginia	1893	Assault on a white woman

Dye, Joseph	White	Fauquier	Virginia	1892	Convicted murderer	Seized from police when they were trying to move him to a safer location.

Anderson, Orion	African-American	Leesburg	Loudoun	Virginia	1889	Hung from a derrick

Bromley, H.	Heathsville	Northumberland	Virginia	1955

Thompson, Allie	African-American	Culpeper	Culpeper	Virginia	1918	Assault

Craven, Charles	African-American	Leesburg	Loudoun	Virginia	1902	Assault

Thompson, Benjamin	20	African-American	Alexandria	N/A (independent city)	Virginia	1899	Hung from a lamppost at Cameron and Lee Sts., site of several lynchings.

Parker, John	African-American	Conway	Faulkner	Arkansas	1931	Stealing some peaches

McCoy, Joseph	20	African-American	Alexandria	N/A (independent city)	Virginia	1897	Assault on a young girl

Fletcher, Magruder	African-American	Tasley	Accomack	Virginia	1889

Adam	African-American	Tampa	Hillsborough	Florida	1859	A white man was murdered; "in keeping with local custom, a slave man was selected to be killed in retribution". State Supreme Court overturned conviction.	Mob broke into jail where he was awaiting a new trial and hung him. Defended by Ossian Hart.

Abram Smith	19	African-American	Marion	Grant	Indiana	1930	Accessory to homicide during holdup of white man; rumors of rape	No charges filed.

Joe Coe ("A married man with two children")	African-American	Omaha	Douglas	Nebraska	1891	Assault on a white girl of 5	The Governor and the Sheriff tried unsuccessfully to quiet the crowd in front of the Courthouse. Pieces of the lynching rope were sold as souvenirs.

Till, Emmett	14	African-American	Money	LeFlore	Mississippi	1955	Flirting with white woman	Beaten and mutilated before shooting him in the head and sinking his body in the Tallahatchie River. Perpetrators acquitted by all-white jury, then openly admitted they did it.

Anthony Crawford	51	African-American	Abbeville	Abbeville	South Carolina	1916	Offensive language	Coroner's jury: "persons unknown"

Charles Wright[verification needed]	21	African-American	Rosewood	Levy	Florida	1930	Homicide during holdup of white man; rumors of rape	No charges filed.

Claude Neal	African-American	Greenwood	Jackson	Florida	1934	Rape and murder of 19 year old white female	Lynchers said he "didn't deserve a trial". Castrated, forced to consume his genitals, stabbed, burned with hot irons, toes and fingers removed, hung, body tied behind automobile.

Dick Rowland (attempted lynching)	19	African-American	Tulsa	Tulsa	Oklahoma	1921	Sexual assault on white girl	Conflict between would-be lynchers and defenders led to the Tulsa Race Riot.

Ell Persons	about 50	African-American	Memphis	Shelby	Tennessee	1917	Raping and killing a white girl	No charges filed.

Fred Rochelle	16	African-American	Bartow	Polk	Florida	1901	Murder and rape of a white woman	Doused with kerosene and burned. Special train from Lakeland to see the "barbecue".

Henry Smith	17	African-American	Paris	Lamar	Texas	1893	Kidnapping and murder of white girl; Smith confessed under duress.	Tortured, burned with hot irons, doused in oil and set on fire; his remains were sold as souvenirs.

McIlherron, Jim	African-American	Estill Springs	Franklin	Tennessee	1918	Killing two whites	Tortured, then burned alive. Spectators came from as far as 50 miles away. Postcards sold. "No information sufficient to indict."

Jesse Washington	17	African-American	Waco	McLennan	Texas	1916	Murder; Washington confessed and a jury found him guilty.	Dragged behind car, castrated, fingers cut off, ear cut off, burned alive. Professionally photographed; pictures sold as postcards.

Carter, John	African-American	Little Rock	Pulaski	Arkansas	1927	Attacking a white woman and her mother	No charges filed; "mob" responsible.

July Perry	52	African-American	Ocoee	Orange	Florida	1920	Sign on body: "This is what we do to niggers that vote."	Prosperous black farmer. See Ocoee massacre.

Leo Frank	31	Jewish	Marietta	Cobb	Georgia	1915	Killing a 13 year old girl	No charges filed; posthumously pardoned.

Mary Turner	18	African-American	Bridge joining Brooks County and Lowndes County, Georgia	Georgia	1918	Publicly opposed and threatened legal action against whites who had murdered her husband, unfairly accused (according to her) of killing an abusive landowner.	"Hung her upside down from a tree, doused her in gasoline and motor oil and set her on fire. Turner was still alive when a member of the mob split her abdomen open with a knife and her unborn child fell on the ground.

Hayes Turner	25	African-American	Morven	Brooks	Georgia	1918	Accused of helping kill an abusive landowner.	Wife Mary killed next day for defending him.

Reuben Stacey (also found as Rubin Stacy)	37	African-American	Fort Lauderdale	Broward	Florida	1935	Assault with a knife	Law enforcement officer; grand jury refused to indict.

Carter, Sam	African-American	Rosewood	Levy	Florida	1923	Assault, rape, and robbery of a white woman	See Rosewood massacre. Tortured. Shot before being hung. See Rosewood massacre.

Pitts, Slab	African-American	Toyah	Reeves	Texas	1906	Living with a white woman	Dragged to death before being hung.

Shipp, Thomas	18	African-American	Marion	Grant	Indiana	1930	Accessory to homicide during holdup of white man; rumors of rape	No charges filed.

Willie Earle	24	African-American	Greenville	Greenville	South Carolina	1947	Killing of taxi driver	31 suspects charged; all acquitted.

Willie James Howard	15	African-American	Live Oak	Suwannee	Florida	1944	Sending Christmas card with "a note expressing his affection" to a white girl.	Forced to jump to his death in the Suwanee River. Grand jury refused to indict.

Ah Wing, Dr. Chee Long "Gene" Tong, Chang Wan, Leong Quai, Ah Long, Wan Foo, Day Kee, Ah Waa, Ho Hing, Lo Hey, Ah Won, Wing Chee, Wong Chin	Chinese	Los Angeles	Los Angeles	California	1871	None	Killed in retaliation for the homicide of a rancher. See: Chinese massacre of 1871

Parker, Mack Charles	22 or 23	African-American	Bridge over Pearl River between Mississippi and Louisiana	Pearl River	Mississippi	1959	Rape and kidnapping of a white woman; charges possibly fabricated.	No one indicted.

Donald, Michael	19	African-American	Mobile	Mobile	Alabama	1981	None (Klan looked to kill a black man because killer of white policeman got mistrial).	Henry Hay executed in the electric chair. James Knowles and an accomplice sentenced to life in prison.

Sentence(s)

The lynching of Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981 was one of the last lynchings in the United States.

final_sentence: The lynching of Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981 was one of the last lynchings in the United States.