List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads
Triads

List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads

Section Title: Triads
Table Section Text: None

Name	Triad	Disease

Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture Triad	hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain	Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Achalasia Triad	increased lower esophageal sphincter(LES)tone, decreased LES relaxation, aperistalsis	Achalasia

Alkaptonuria Triad	Ochronotic arthritis, Ochronotic pigmentation, Urine darkens on standing	Alkaptonuria

Amyand's Triad	Amyand's hernia, Appendicitis, Undescended testis

Anderson Triad	Subcutaneous emphysema, rapid respirations, and abdominal rigidity	Esophageal rupture (likely intra-abdominal)

Triad of Anderson syndrome (not to be confused with the Anderson triad of esophageal rupture)	Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Vitamin A deficiency	Anderson Syndrome

Beck's triad	Muffled heart sound, Distended neck veins, Hypotension	Cardiac tamponade

Budd–Chiari syndrome Triad	abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly	Budd–Chiari syndrome

Charcot's cholangitis triad	Right Upper Quadrant Pain, Fever, Jaundice	Ascending cholangitis

Charcot's neurologic triad	scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus	Multiple sclerosis

Triad of congenital toxoplasmosis	chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications	Congenital toxoplasmosis

Triad of congenital rubella	cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, sensorineural hearing loss	Congenital rubella

Congestive Heart Failure Triad	Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Tender hepatomegaly	Congestive heart failure

Cushing's triad of Increased Intracranial Pressure	Bradycardia, Bradypnea, Hypertension	head injuries

Dieulafoy's triad	hyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness and guarding over McBurney's point	Acute appendicitis

Fanconi syndrome triad	Aminoaciduria, Proteinuria, Phosphaturia	Fanconi syndrome

Female athlete triad	eating disorders, amenorrhoea, decreased bone mineral density

Gradenigos Triad	Sixth cranial n. Palsy, Persistent ear discharge, Deep seated retro orbital pain	Gradenigo's syndrome

Triad of opioid overdose	Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, CNS depression

Triad of granulomatosis with polyangiitis	Focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomerulonephritis	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Hakim Triad (Adams Triad)	Urinary incontinence, Gait disturbance, Dementia	Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Triad (Triad of Sandblom)	Malena, Obstructive jaundice, Biliary colic	Hemobilia

Triad of Meigs' Syndrome	ascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumor	Meigs' syndrome

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad	Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal failure (But see Pentad of TTP below)	Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Horner's Syndrome Triad	ptosis (eyelid), miosis, anhydrosis	Horner's syndrome

Hutchinson's triad	Hutchison's teeth, Interstitial keratitis, Nerve deafness	Congenital syphilis

Kartagener Syndrome Triad	Triad of bronchiectasis, Recurrent sinusitis, and, Situs inversus,	Kartagener syndrome

Leriche's syndrome Triad	Triad of bilateral hip, thigh, and buttock claudication, impotence, and symmetric atrophy of the bilateral lower extremities due to chronic ischemia	Leriche's syndrome

Mackler's triad	vomiting, pain and subcutaneous emphysema	Boerhaave syndrome

Three C's of Measles	cough, coryza, conjunctivitis	Measles

Meltzer's triad	purpura, arthralgias, weakness/myalgias	Cryoglobulinemia

Triad of Reactive arthritis	Urethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, arthritis	Reactive arthritis

Saint's Triad	Gall stones, Diverticulosis, Hiatus hernia

Samter's triad (also known as Acetylsalicylic acid triad or Widal's triad or Francis' triad or Aspirin triad)	Aspirin sensitivity, Nasal polyps, Asthma	Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease

Tetany in Children - Triad	Stridor, Carpopedal spasm, Convulsions	Tetany

Triad of Albinism	Black locks, Occulo-cutaneous Albinism, Deafness of sensorineural type	Albinism

Triad of Alport Syndrome	Sensorineural deafness, Progressive renal failure, Ocular anomalies	Alport syndrome

Triad of Behcet's Syndrome	Recurrent oral ulcers, Genital ulcers, Iridocyclitis	Behcet's Syndrome

Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency	Glossitis, Alopecia, Dermatitis

Triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura	Palpable purpura on buttock/legs, arthralgias, abdominal pain	IgA vasculitis

Triad of Hypernephroma	Pain, hematuria, renal mass	Hypernephroma

Triad of Kwashiorkor	Growth retardation, Mental changes, Edema	Kwashiorkor

Triad of Plummer-Vinson syndrome	Iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal webs	Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Triple Test (for diagnosis of downs syndrome)	Estimation of hcg, Estriol, and AFP

Trotter's Triad	Conductive deafness, Immobility of homolateral soft palate, Trigeminal neuralgia	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Unhappy Triad (Also known as O'Donoghue's triad or a blown knee)	Injury to the ACL, MCL, and meniscus (either medial or lateral)	Knee Injury

Virchow's triad	Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Vessel injury	Venous thrombosis

Triad of Wernicke encephalopathy	Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia	Wernicke encephalopathy

Whipple's Triad	Hypoglycaemia during attacks, resolution of symptoms upon correction of blood glucose, symptoms brought about by low glucose states.	Insulinoma

Triad of Aortic stenosis	Chest pain, Heart failure, Syncope	Aortic Stenosis

Murphy's triad	Pain-> Vomiting -> Fever	Acute appendicitis

Tillaux's triad	soft fluctuant swelling in umbilical region, swelling moves perpendicular to messentery, zone of resonance all around swelling	Mesenteric cyst

Rigler's triad	small bowel obstruction, a gallstone outside the gallbladder, and air in the bile ducts	Gallstone ileus

Sentence(s)

Wernicke encephalopathy is characterised by the triad – ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion.

final_sentence: Wernicke encephalopathy is characterised by the triad – ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion.