List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways
Examples
The list below is of some of the steepest gradients on adhesion railways, in order of steepness:

List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways

Section Title: Examples
Table Section Text: The list below is of some of the steepest gradients on adhesion railways, in order of steepness:

Gradient	Line	Notes

1 in 7.2 (13.8%)	Calçada de São Francisco, Lisbon Tramways, Portugal

1 in 8.6 (11.6%)	Pöstlingbergbahn, Austria

1 in 9 (11.1%)	Cass Scenic Railway, West Virginia, United States	Former logging railway

1 in 9 (11%) or 1 in 10 (10%)	Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão, Brazil

1 in 10 (10%)	Sheffield Supertram, Sheffield, United Kingdom

1 in 11 (9.1%)	Allentown light rail line, Pittsburgh, United States

Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway, France

1 in 12.5 (8%)	Hakone Tozan Line, Japan

1 in 12.5 (8.0%)	Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway, Appenzeller Bahnen, Switzerland

1 in 12.6 (7.9%)	Uetliberg railway line, Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn, Switzerland

1 in 13.7 (7.3%)	Montreux–Oberland Bernois railway, Switzerland

1 in 14 (7.1%)	Driving Creek Railway, Coromandel, New Zealand, New Zealand

1 in 14 (7.1%)	Hopton Incline, Cromford and High Peak Railway, England	This incline has only carried passengers, by adhesion, on enthusiast special trains, but is now completely closed

1 in 14.1 (7.1%)	Erzberg Railway (Erzbergbahn), Austria	Built as a rack railway, adhesion operation only by passenger railbuses, now only museum operation on part of the line

1 in 14.2 (7.0%)	Bernina Railway, Switzerland

Sacramento Light Rail, Sacramento, California, United States

1 in 15 (6.67%)	Usui Pass, former Shin'etsu Main Line, Japan

Former Keihan Keishin Line

Toden Arakawa Line (Tokyo Sakura Tram), Japan

1 in 15.9 (6.3%)	Alishan Forest Railway, Taiwan

1 in 16.4 (6.1%)	Hunsrückbahn, Germany	Built as rack railway

Keihan Keishin Line

1 in 16.6 (6.0%)	Ligne de Cerdagne, France

Arica, Chile to Bolivia	With 100 m (328.08 ft) radius curves

1 in 17 (5.89%)	Madison Incline, Madison, Indiana, United States	Steepest standard gauge, line haul railroad in North America. Worked as a rack railway until 1868 when the Reuben Wells was built to work the hill by adhesion.

1 in 17.1 (5.88%)	Docklands Light Railway, London, England	On the ramp from the original London and Blackwall railway viaduct to the tunnel leading to Bank

1 in 18 (5.5%)	Near Alausi, Ecuador on line to Quito

Flåmsbanen, Norway

Höllentalbahn (Black Forest), Germany

1 in 19 (5.3%)	Camden Tram, New South Wales, Australia	This line has been closed for over 50 years.

Foxfield Railway, Staffordshire, England	This incline is on a preserved colliery railway which briefly carried passengers over this steep section but does not now do so normally

Kangra Valley Railway, Himachal Pradesh, India

1 in 20 (5.0%)	Rapperswil - Samstagern, Südostbahn, Switzerland

Kurobe Gorge Railway, Japan

Eizan Electric Railway Kurama Line, Japan

Nankai Electric Railway Koya Line, Japan

Kobe Electric Railway (Shintetsu) Ao Line and Arima Line, Japan

Tateyama Erosion Control Train, Japan

1 in 20 (5.0%)/1 in 25 (4.0%)	Matheran Hill Railway, India	Near Mumbai

1 in 21 (4.7%)	Saluda Grade, Saluda, North Carolina, United States	The steepest standard gauge mainline railroad grade in the United States. Worked by adhesion between 1878 and 2001, currently out of service.

1 in 22 (4.5%)	Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India

1 in 22 (4.5%)	Big Hill, British Columbia, Canada	Operated from 1884 to 1909 when it was replaced by 2 spiral tunnels

1 in 22.5 (4.4%)	Thamshavn Line, Norway

1 in 23 (4.3%)	Ballochney incline, Ballochney Railway, Scotland	The steepest standard gauge inclines used regularly by passenger trains by adhesion in Britain - both closed to passengers from 1 May 1930 by the London & North Eastern Railway and since closed completely)

Causewayend incline, Slamannan Railway, Scotland

1 in 25 (4.0%)	Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line, Germany

Chosica - Galera, Central Railway, Peru

Selketalbahn, Germany

Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, Colorado, United States

Sawando to Akagi, Iida Line, Japan

Fujikyuko Line, Fuji Kyuko Railway, Japan

Batlow branch, New South Wales, Australia	This line has been closed for many years

Newnes branch, New South Wales, Australia	This line has been closed for many decades. a tunnel on its former route is a popular tourist attraction - the "Glow worm tunnel"

Oberon branch, New South Wales, Australia	This line has been closed for decades

Dorrigo branch, New South Wales, Australia	This line has been closed for decades. There have been several attempts to reinstate part of it as a historic/ tourist rail line.

Luxembourg to St Michel-Notre Dame, RER Line B, Paris, France

1 in 26 (3.85%)	Iquique Railway, Chile

Ōu Main Line (Yamagata Shinkansen), Japan

1 in 27 (3.7%)	Mersey Railway Tunnel, England

Werneth Incline, England	Regular passenger service withdrawn 7 January 1963 and since closed completely

Holywell Town branch, Wales	Regular passenger service withdrawn 6 September 1954 and since closed completely

Mauritius Railways

1 in 28 (3.6%)	LGV Sud-Est high-speed line, France

1 in 28.5 (3.5%)	Kyushu Shinkansen, Japan

Sentence(s)

The Hopton Incline was the steepest stretch of conventional, adhesion railway line.

final_sentence: The Hopton Incline was the steepest stretch of conventional, adhesion railway line.