Genome
Genome size
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. In humans, the nuclear genome comprises approximately 3.2 billion nucleotides of DNA, divided into 24 linear molecules, the shortest 50 000 000 nucleotides in length and the longest 260 000 000 nucleotides, each contained in a different chromosome.

Genome

Section Title: Genome size
Table Section Text: Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. In humans, the nuclear genome comprises approximately 3.2 billion nucleotides of DNA, divided into 24 linear molecules, the shortest 50 000 000 nucleotides in length and the longest 260 000 000 nucleotides, each contained in a different chromosome.

Organism type	Organism	Genome size (base pairs)	Approx. no. of genes	Note

Virus	Porcine circovirus type 1	1,759	1.8kb	Smallest viruses replicating autonomously in eukaryotic cells.

Virus	Bacteriophage MS2	3,569	3.5kb	First sequenced RNA-genome

Virus	SV40	5,224	5.2kb

Virus	Phage Φ-X174	5,386	5.4kb	First sequenced DNA-genome

Virus	HIV	9,749	9.7kb

Virus	Phage λ	48,502	48.5kb	Often used as a vector for the cloning of recombinant DNA.

Virus	Megavirus	1,259,197	1.3Mb	Until 2013 the largest known viral genome.

Virus	Pandoravirus salinus	2,470,000	2.47Mb	Largest known viral genome.

Bacterium	Nasuia deltocephalinicola (strain NAS-ALF)	112,091	112kb	Smallest non-viral genome.

Bacterium	Carsonella ruddii	159,662	160kb

Bacterium	Buchnera aphidicola	600,000	600kb

Bacterium	Wigglesworthia glossinidia	700,000	700Kb

Bacterium	Haemophilus influenzae	1,830,000	1.8Mb	First genome of a living organism sequenced, July 1995

Bacterium	Escherichia coli	4,600,000	4.6Mb	4288

Bacterium	Solibacter usitatus (strain Ellin 6076)	9,970,000	10Mb

Bacterium – cyanobacterium	Prochlorococcus spp. (1.7 Mb)	1,700,000	1.7Mb	1884	Smallest known cyanobacterium genome

Bacterium – cyanobacterium	Nostoc punctiforme	9,000,000	9Mb	7432	7432 open reading frames

Amoeboid	Polychaos dubium ("Amoeba" dubia)	670,000,000,000	670Gb	Largest known genome. (Disputed)

Eukaryotic organelle	Human mitochondrion	16,569	16.6kb

Plant	Genlisea tuberosa	61,000,000	61Mb	Smallest recorded flowering plant genome, 2014.

Plant	Arabidopsis thaliana	135,000,000	135 Mb	27,655	First plant genome sequenced, December 2000.

Plant	Populus trichocarpa	480,000,000	480Mb	73013	First tree genome sequenced, September 2006

Plant	Fritillaria assyriaca	130,000,000,000	130Gb

Plant	Paris japonica (Japanese-native, pale-petal)	150,000,000,000	150Gb	Largest plant genome known

Plant – moss	Physcomitrella patens	480,000,000	480Mb	First genome of a bryophyte sequenced, January 2008.

Fungus – yeast	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	12,100,000	12.1Mb	6294	First eukaryotic genome sequenced, 1996

Fungus	Aspergillus nidulans	30,000,000	30Mb	9541

Nematode	Pratylenchus coffeae	20,000,000	20Mb	Smallest animal genome known

Nematode	Caenorhabditis elegans	100,300,000	100Mb	19000	First multicellular animal genome sequenced, December 1998

Insect	Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)	175,000,000	175Mb	13600	Size variation based on strain (175-180Mb; standard y w strain is 175Mb)

Insect	Apis mellifera (honey bee)	236,000,000	236Mb	10157

Insect	Bombyx mori (silk moth)	432,000,000	432Mb	14623	14,623 predicted genes

Insect	Solenopsis invicta (fire ant)	480,000,000	480Mb	16569

Mammal	Mus musculus	2,700,000,000	2.7Gb	20210

Mammal	Homo sapiens	3,289,000,000	3.3Gb	20000	Homo sapiens estimated genome size 3.2 billion bp Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

Mammal	Pan paniscus	3,286,640,000	3.3Gb	20000	Bonobo - estimated genome size 3.29 billion bp

Bird	Gallus gallus	1,043,000,000	1.0Gb	20000

Fish	Tetraodon nigroviridis (type of puffer fish)	385,000,000	390Mb	Smallest vertebrate genome known estimated to be 340 Mb – 385 Mb.

Fish	Protopterus aethiopicus (marbled lungfish)	130,000,000,000	130Gb	Largest vertebrate genome known

Sentence(s)

The first DNA-genome was Phage Φ-X174, which has 5386 base pairs.

final_sentence: The first DNA-genome was Phage Φ-X174, which has 5386 base pairs.