Charles the Younger
References
Himiltrude, by whom Charlemagne had a son, Pepin the Hunchback, was a concubine or common law wife. See Riche, Pierre, The Carolingians, p.86 ("Although he already had a son by his concubine, Himiltrude..."); Chamberlin, Russell, The Emperor Charlemagne, p.61: "he made the first of those confusing sexual relationships which was something more than concubinage, less than marriage...the Franks called it friedelehe, and it could perhaps be compared with the English system of common-law wife or husband..." Roger Collins (1998).

Charles the Younger

Section Title: References
Table Section Text: Himiltrude, by whom Charlemagne had a son, Pepin the Hunchback, was a concubine or common law wife. See Riche, Pierre, The Carolingians, p.86 ("Although he already had a son by his concubine, Himiltrude..."); Chamberlin, Russell, The Emperor Charlemagne, p.61: "he made the first of those confusing sexual relationships which was something more than concubinage, less than marriage...the Franks called it friedelehe, and it could perhaps be compared with the English system of common-law wife or husband..." Roger Collins (1998).

Charles the Younger Carolingian dynastyCadet branch of the 772Born: April 773 Died: 4 December 811

Regnal titles

Preceded by Charlemagne as sole king	King of the Franks 800–811 with Charlemagne (800–811)	Succeeded by Charlemagne as sole king

Preceded by Grifo	Duke of Maine 790–811	Succeeded by Louis the German

Sentence(s)

Charles died on 4 December 811.

final_sentence: Charles died on 4 December 811.