Albert Einstein
1905 – Annus Mirabilis papers
The Annus Mirabilis papers are four articles pertaining to the photoelectric effect (which gave rise to quantum theory), Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity, and E = mc² that Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905.

Albert Einstein

Section Title: 1905 – Annus Mirabilis papers
Table Section Text: The Annus Mirabilis papers are four articles pertaining to the photoelectric effect (which gave rise to quantum theory), Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity, and E = mc² that Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905.

Title (translated)	Area of focus	Received	Published	Significance

On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light	Photoelectric effect	18 March	9 June	Resolved an unsolved puzzle by suggesting that energy is exchanged only in discrete amounts (quanta). This idea was pivotal to the early development of quantum theory.

On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat	Brownian motion	11 May	18 July	Explained empirical evidence for the atomic theory, supporting the application of statistical physics.

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies	Special relativity	30 June	26 September	Reconciled Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics by introducing changes to mechanics, resulting from analysis based on empirical evidence that the speed of light is independent of the motion of the observer.

Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?	Matter–energy equivalence	27 September	21 November	Equivalence of matter and energy, E = mc2 (and by implication, the ability of gravity to "bend" light), the existence of "rest energy", and the basis of nuclear energy.

Sentence(s)

Einstein's Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" was received on June 30, 1905 and published on September 26 of that same year.

final_sentence: Einstein's Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" was received on June 30, 1905 and published on September 26 of that same year.