European wars of religion
Death toll
These figures include the deaths of civilians from diseases, famine, etc., as well as deaths of soldiers in battle and possible massacres and genocide.

European wars of religion

Section Title: Death toll
Table Section Text: These figures include the deaths of civilians from diseases, famine, etc., as well as deaths of soldiers in battle and possible massacres and genocide.

Lowest estimate	Highest estimate	Event	Location	From	To	Duration	Main opponents*	Character

3,000,000	11,500,000	Thirty Years' War	Holy Roman Empire	1618	1648	30 years	Protestants (mainly Lutherans, Reformed and Hussites) against Catholics	began as a religious war; quickly became a French-Habsburg political clash

2,000,000	4,000,000	French Wars of Religion	France	1562	1598	36 years	Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics	began as a religious war, and largely remained such

315,000	868,000 (616,000 in Ireland)	War of the Three Kingdoms	Great Britain and Ireland	1639	1651	12 years	Protestants (Anglicans, Reformed, various other nonconformists), Catholics distributed in various fractions of the war	civil, religion-state relation and religious freedom issues, with a national element

600,000	700,000	Eighty Years' War	Low Countries in the Holy Roman Empire	1568	1648	80 years	Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics	conflicts over religion (and taxes and privileges) evolved into a war of independence

100,000	200,000	German Peasants' War	Holy Roman Empire	1524	1525	1 year	Protestants (mainly Anabaptists), Catholics against Protestants (mainly Lutherans), Catholics	mixed economic and religious reasons, war between peasants and Protestant/Catholic landowners

Sentence(s)

The European wars of religion culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).

final_sentence: The European wars of religion culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).