List of Abbasid caliphs
Caliphs of Baghdad (25 January 750 – 20 February 1258)

List of Abbasid caliphs

Section Title: Caliphs of Baghdad (25 January 750 – 20 February 1258)
Table Section Text: None

No.	Reign	Regnal Name	Personal Name	Parents	Notes

1.	750 – 10 June 754	as-Saffāḥ	Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh	Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah Raita al-Harsia	Descendant of al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle. Battle of Talas (751) secures Muslim predominance in Central Asia.

2.	10 June 754 – 775	al-Manṣūr	Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh	Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah Sallamah, Berber concubine from Nefzaoua	Fugitive Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I founds the Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus (756). Foundation of Baghdad (762).

3.	775 – 4 August 785	al-Mahdī bi-'llāh	Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad	Al-Mansur Umm Musa (Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari)

4.	August 785 – 14 September 786	al-Hādī	Abū Muḥammad Mūsā	Al-Mahdi Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta

5.	14 September 786 – 24 March 809	Hārūn ar-Rashīd	Hārūn	Al-Mahdi Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta	Zaydi Shi'a Idrisid dynasty established in Morocco (788). Aghlabids recognized as autonomous in Ifriqiya (800).

6.	March 809 – 24/25 September 813	al-Amīn	Abū Mūsā Muḥammad	Harun ar-Rashid Zubaidah bint Ja`far, granddaughter of al-Mansur	Civil war of the Fourth Fitna. Al-Amin deposed and killed at the Siege of Baghdad.

7.	September 813 – 9 August 833	al-Maʾmūn	Abū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh	Harun ar-Rashid Marajil, concubine from Badghis	Victor of the civil war. Anti-caliphate of Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi in Baghdad (817–819) ends with al-Ma'mun's return to Baghdad.

8.	9 August 833 – 5 January 842	al-Muʿtaṣim bi-’llāh	Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad	Harun ar-Rashid Marida, probably Turkish concubine from Sughd Region	Establishment of the Turkish ghilman in positions of power. Militarization and centralization of the administration.

9.	5 January 842 – 10 August 847	al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh	Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn	Al-Mu'tasim Qaratis, Greek concubine

10.	10 August 847 – 11 December 861	al-Mutawakkil ʿalā 'llāh	Jaʿfar	Al-Mu'tasim Shuja, probably Turkish concubine from Khawarizm	End of official support for Mu'tazilism, abolition of the miḥnah (848/851). Return to Sunni orthodoxy. Assassinated by the Turkish military.

11.	861 – 7 or 8 June 862	al-Muntaṣir bi-'llāh	Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad	Al-Mutawakkil Hubshiya, Greek concubine	Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra

12.	862 – 866	al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh	Aḥmad	Muhammad, son of al-Mu'tasim Makhariq, concubine from Sicily	Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra. Fled to Baghdad in 865, where he was besieged and deposed by the Turkish military.

13.	866 – 869	al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾllāh	Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad	Al-Mutawakkil Sabiha (Qabiha), Greek concubine	Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra. Deposed by the Turkish military.

14.	869 – 21 June 870	al-Muhtadī bi-'llāh	Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad	Al-Wathiq Qurb, Greek concubine	Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra. Assassinated by the Turkish military.

15.	21 June 870 – 15 October 892	al-Muʿtamid ʿalā ’llāh	Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad	Al-Mutawakkil Fityan, Greek concubine from Kufa	Actual power in the hands of his brother, al-Muwaffaq (died 891). Start of the "Abbasid revival".

16.	October 892 – 5 April 902	al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh	Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad	Al-Muwaffaq, regent of the Abbasid Caliphate Dirar (Hariz), Greek concubine	Height of the "Abbasid revival". Recovery of Jazira, Thughur, Jibal.

17.	5 April 902 – 13 August 908	al-Muktafī bi-'llāh	Abū Aḥmad ʿAlī	Al-Mu'tadid Jijak, Turkish concubine	Recovery of Egypt and Syria from the Tulunids. End of the "Abbasid revival".

18.	13 August 908 – 929	al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh	Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar	Al-Mu'tadid Shaghab, Greek concubine	First reign Unsuccessful usurpation attempt in favour of Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (908). Caliphal title also claimed by al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimids from 909 and 'Abd ar-Rahman III of Córdoba from 929.

19.	929	al-Qāhir bi-'llāh	Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad	Al-Mu'tadid Fitna (Qabul/Qatul), Berber concubine	First reign; installed by the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar for a few days.

20.	929 – 31 October 932	al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh	Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar	See #18	Second reign; killed in battle before Baghdad against Mu'nis al-Muzaffar. Qarmatian sack of Mecca and Medina (930).

21.	31 October 932 – 934	al-Qāhir bi-'llāh	Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad	See #19	Second reign

22.	934 – 23 December 940	ar-Rāḍī bi-'llāh	Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad/Muḥammad	Al-Muqtadir Thaloum, Berber concubine	Ibn Ra'iq becomes amīr al-umarāʾ (November 936); end of caliphal temporal power.

23.	940 – 944	al-Muttaqī li-'llāh	Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm	Al-Muqtadir Khalub (Zahrah), concubine	Beginning of the later Abbasid period. Overthrown and blinded by the amīr al-umarāʾ Tuzun.

24.	September 944 – 29 January 946	al-Mustakfī bi-ʾllāh	ʿAbd Allāh	Al-Muktafi Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas), concubine	Installed by the amīr al-umarāʾ Tuzun. Deposed and blinded after the Buyid takeover of Baghdad and Iraq.

25.	29 January 946 – 974	al-Muṭīʿ li-ʾllāh	Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl	Al-Muqtadir Shaghla, concubine from Sicily	Installed by the Buyid emir Mu'izz al-Dawla.

26.	974 – 991	aṭ-Ṭāʾiʿ li-amri ʿllāh	Abd al-Karīm	Al-Muti Hazar (Atab), concubine	Deposed by the Buyid emir Baha' al-Dawla.

27.	1 November 991 – 29 November 1031	al-Qādir bi-'llāh	Aḥmad	Ishaq bin Al-Muqtadir Tumna, concubine	Installed by the Buyid emir Baha' al-Dawla. Upholding of Sunni orthodoxy; publication of the Baghdad Manifesto.

28.	29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075	al-Qāʾim bi-amri 'llāh	Al-Qadir Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida), Armenian concubine	End and disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba (1031). Takeover of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks under Tughril (1055), end of Buyid rule.

29.	2 April 1075 – February 1094	al-Muqtadī bi-amri ’llāh	Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh	Muhammad, son of al-Qa'im Urjuwuan, Armenian concubine

30.	February 1094 – 6 August 1118	al-Mustaẓhir bi-'llāh	Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad	Al-Muqtadi Altın, Turkish concubine	First Crusade (1096–1099); establishment of the Crusader states in the Levant.

31.	6 August 1118 – 29 August 1135	al-Mustarshid bi-'llāh	Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl	Al-Mustazhir Lubaba, Turkish concubine	Foundation of the Almohad Caliphate in the Maghreb (1121).

32.	29 August 1135 – 1136	ar-Rāshid bi-'llāh	Abu Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr	Al-Mustarshid Umm al-Sada, Abyssinian concubine	Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud.

33.	1136 – 12 March 1160	al-Muqtafī li-ʾamri ’llāh	Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad	Al-Mustazhir Nasim, Abyssinian concubine	Siege of Baghdad (1157) by the Seljuks fails. Restoration of the Caliph's political independence.

34.	12 March 1160 – 20 December 1170	al-Mustanjid bi-'llāh	Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf	Al-Muqtafi Thawus, Turkish or Abyssinian concubine

35.	20 December 1170 – 30 March 1180	al-Mustaḍīʾ bi-amri ʾllāh	al-Ḥasan	Al-Mustanjid Ghadha, Armenian concubine	End of the Fatimid Caliphate (1171), restoration of Sunni rule in Egypt under Saladin.

36.	2 March 1180 – 4 October 1225	an-Nāṣir li-Dīni’llāh	Abu'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad	Al-Mustadi Zumurrud, Turkish concubine	Recovery of Jerusalem from the Crusaders (1187).

37.	5 October 1225 – 11 July 1226	aẓ-Ẓāhir bi-amri’llāh	Muḥammad	An-Nasir Asma

38.	11 July 1226 – 2 December 1242	al-Mustanṣir bi-'llāh	Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr	Az-Zahir Zahra, Turkish concubine

39.	2 December 1242 – 20 February 1258	al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh	ʿAbd Allāh	Al-Mustansir Hajer, Abyssinian concubine	Last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad; executed after the Mongol sack of Baghdad.

Sentence(s)

Muhammad, the al-Amin, was born to the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid and Zubayda, herself descended from the second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur (r. 754–775).

final_sentence: Muhammad, the al-Amin, was born to the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid and Zubayda, herself descended from the second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur (r. 754–775).