Qedarite
Old South Arabic and Aramaic inscriptions
Old South Arabic inscriptions mention qdrn ("Qadirān" or "Qadrān") as a person or people. Graffiti found in al-Ula, known as the Graffito of Niran at Dedan, mentions Gashmu I, son of Shahr I, as King of Qedar.

Qedarite

Section Title: Old South Arabic and Aramaic inscriptions
Table Section Text: Old South Arabic inscriptions mention qdrn ("Qadirān" or "Qadrān") as a person or people. Graffiti found in al-Ula, known as the Graffito of Niran at Dedan, mentions Gashmu I, son of Shahr I, as King of Qedar.

Name	Years of reign	Alt spellings	Notes

Gindibu, of Arabia	c. 870–850 BCE	Arabic: جندبو‎	First mention of "Arabs" in Assyrian texts. Not explicitly associated with Qedar.

Queen Zabibe of Arabia and Qedar	c. 750–735 BCE	Zabiba Arabic: زبيبة‎	First monarch explicitly associated with Qedar in Assyrian texts.

Queen Samsi of Arabia	c. 735–710 BCE	Shamsi, Samsil Arabic: شمسي‎

Queen Yatie of Arabia	c. 710–695 BCE	Iati'e, Yatie Arabic: يثيعة‎

Queen Te'elkhunu of Arabia	c. 695–690 BCE	Te'elhunu Arabic: تلهونة‎

Hazael, King of Qedar	690–676 BCE	Hazail, Khaza'il Arabic: حزائيل‎

Tabua	?	Arabic: تبوعة‎	Appointed queen by Esarhaddon.

Yauta, son of Hazael (ibn Hazael), King of Qedar	676–652 BCE	'Iauta, Iata, Uaite or Yawthi'i Arabic: يثع بن حزائيل‎

Abiyate, son of Teri (ibn Teri), King of Qedar	652–644 BCE	Abyate

Mati-il, King of Dedan	c. 580–565 BCE

Kabaril, son of Mati-il (ibn Mati-il) King of Dedan	c. 565–550 BCE

Nabonidus, King of Babylon	c. 550–540 BCE	Ruled from Tayma

Mahlay, King (of Qedar?)	c. 510–490 BCE	Mahaly	Mentioned in Lachish inscription.

Iyas, son of Mahlay	c. 490–470 BCE	Also named in Lachish inscription.

Shahr I, King of Qedar	c. 470–450 BCE	Shahru

Gashmu I, son of Shahr (ben Shahr), King of Qedar	c. 450–430 BCE	Geshem Arabic: جشم‎

Qainu, son of Gehsem (bar Geshem), King of Qedar	c. 430–410 BCE	Kaynau, Qaynu Arabic: قينو بن جشم‎

Sentence(s)

Hazael who ruled from c. 690–676 BCE was a Qedarite king.

final_sentence: Hazael who ruled from c. 690–676 BCE was a Qedarite king.