List of Caribbean membranophones
This is a list of membranophones used in the Caribbean music area, including the islands of the Caribbean Sea, as well as the musics of Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Belize, Garifuna music, and Bermuda.

List of Caribbean membranophones

Section Title:
Table Section Text: This is a list of membranophones used in the Caribbean music area, including the islands of the Caribbean Sea, as well as the musics of Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Belize, Garifuna music, and Bermuda.

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description

agbe	See chekere

agida	Suriname	211.212	Afro-Surinamese bass drum that sets a steady beat for folk music, played with a stick, of the set with apinti and tumao, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin, used in spiritual ceremonies, where it is associated with snake spirits

akete	See kété

alcagüete	See alcahuete

alcahuete alcagüete	Dominican Republic	211.211.2-7	One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked

amelé	See okónkolo

apinti	Suriname	211.211.2	Principal Afro-Surinamese drum of the set with agida and tumao, tenor drum, decorated with carvings, and used for communication by Surinamese slaves and for religious purposes in connection with sky and ancestor spirits, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin

arobapá endóga	Cuba	211.21-814	Drum used in Afro-Cuban Abakuá societies, small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the kuchiyeremá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá

assotor	Haiti	211.211.2	5-to-6-foot-tall (1.5 to 1.8 m) cylindrical drum with three windows near the base so the drummer (or pair of drummers) can play it easily, decorated with brightly colored kerchiefs (foulas)

atabales	See palos

baboula	Grenada	211.221.1	Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, smaller partner of the tambou, used in the belair dance

balaban jumbie drum	Montserrat	211.311	Small goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance

balsié	Dominican Republic	2	Small double-headed drum, used in merengue only in the south of the country

bamboula	Virgin Islands	211.211.2	Played by two drummers, one using two sticks and the other hands and feet, used in dance genre of the same name (bamboula)

bandu	See kbandu

bari	Bonaire and Curaçao	211.22	Single-headed, made from a wooden barrel, often from the herring industry, with a skin frame, played two-handed

barrel drum	Cuba	211.222.2-7	Barrel drum variant of a batá drum, often with the system of lacing replaced by nailing the heads to the drum, most common in Matanzas Province

barriles buleador, primo, repicador, subidor	Puerto Rico	211.221.2	Barrel drums, covered with lightly stretched skins, consists of large buleador drums and smaller subidor drums, used in bomba

bas a dé fas, tambou	Guadeloupe	211.212.2	Bass drum, double-headed, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas Byé Fò

bas a yon fas, tambou	Guadeloupe	211.221-7	Bass barrel drum, one-headed, laced, and played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan

bas, tambou di boula, tambou dibass, tambou dibas, tambou bas	Martinique and Guadeloupe	211.311	Small frame drum played with both striking and rubbing, used in indoor music, and quadrilles, ladja and gwo ka, and in the Tamil music of Indo-Caribbean Martinique

bas, tambou	See foulé, tambou

bas, tambou	See bas, tambou di

bas, tambou	See bas a yon fas, tambou

base, tambou di	See bas, tambou di

bass drum	Antigua and Barbuda	211.211.2	Bass drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music

bass drum	Barbados	211.212.1	Double-headed drum that keeps the ground rhythm and is slung across the drummers' shoulder, used in tuk bands

bass drum	Grenada	211.212.1	Double-headed bass drum, played with a hard stick in one hand for the lower head, and a soft mallet in the other hand for the upper head, used to accompany quadrilles

bass drum repeater (Maroon only)	Jamaica	211.212.1	Double-headed bass drum, carried with a strap and leader of marching bands, played with a covered stick in Nyabinghi ceremonies, used in marching bands, and Rastafarian and Maroon music

bass tumbadora true conga	Cuba	211.22.2	Largest barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family

basse	Haiti	211.311	Goatskin-headed tambourine, used in secular music

batá drums	Cuba	211.26-813	Family of three drums: iyá, itótele and okónkolo, used in Lucumi religious rites, all goblet-shaped and with two goatskin heads called tcha-tchás, sometimes with a nut inside (coco-Africano), both for aural and spiritual reasons

batta	Guyana	2	Afro-Guyanese bass drum, used in folk music traditions

baydum	Indo-Trinidadian	211.212.1	Double-headed bass drum, used in Muslim Hosay (Hosein) rituals, now widespread among Afro-Trinidadians and others

bélé	Martinique	211.251.2-91(+22)	Single-headed, open-bottomed conical drum with a hole in the barrel and a goatskin head, stretched by a rope hoop, wrapped in more rope, used in all African-derived Martinican dances and as a symbol of Afro-Martinican identity, including tambour bélé, kalenda, and danmyé, also used to synchronize collective labor in northern Martinique, and is a part of most Martinican rural work songs, uses a plucking string in the northern region

bélé, tambou	Dominica	211.221.2-86+22	Single-headed barrel drum, covered at one end by goatskin, stretched with rope and pegs, and played barehanded, accompanies bélé, features a plucked strings across the head

bélé, tambou	See ka

bemba bembe	Trinidad and Tobago	211.212.2	Cylindrical drums with double skins, smallest of the set with conga and oumalay drums

bembe	See bemba

bench drum	See gumbe

biankomeko	Cuba	Afro-Cuban Abakuá drum ensemble, consisting of four drums: bonkó enchemiyá and enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá

biapá tétendóga	Cuba	211.21-814	Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá

Big Drum	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Carriacou (Grenada) and Saint Kitts and Nevis	Music and dance ritual, which includes drums traditionally made of tree trunks, now often of rum kegs

bigi doon	See gaan doon

biola	Cuba	211.321	Unstrung banjo with a drumhead attached

bomba	Puerto Rico	211.221.2	Barrel-shaped bass drum, used in genre of the same name (bomba)

bombos	Cuba	211.212.1	European-style bass drum, used in comparsa, a pre-Easter procession

boncó	See bonkó enchemiyá

bongo	Cuba	211.211.1	Drums of unequal size played in a pair and held between the knees, originally used in Cuban folk music of various kinds, also used in music of Puerto Rico and across the area, especially Guyana

bonkó enchemiyá bonko enchemi, bonko, boncó	Cuba	211.21-814	Largest drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá

bonko	See bonkó enchemiyá

bonko enchemi	See bonkó enchemiyá

boom	See kettle

boom boom	See keg

boula	Guadeloupe	211.221.2	Single-headed hand drum, similar to tambou bèlè and played transversally and single-handed, produces lower sounds and the basic rhythms of the music, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes

boula tambou dibas, bulla, bula	Carriacou	211.221.2	Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; narrower and lower-tuned cousin of the kata, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth

boula bula	Haiti	211.221.2-7	Cowskin hand drum, with the head pegged in place around a decorative collar, used in rada along with segon and manman drums

boula	Trinidad and Tobago	211.222-92	Double-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting

bula	See boula (Carriacou, Haiti)

bulla	See boula (Carriacou)

buleador primo, repicador, burlador	Puerto Rico	211.221.2	Larger, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin stretched using pegs, used in bomba

burlador	See buleador

cachimbo	Cuba	211.211.2	Smallest yuka tubular drum, along with caja and mula

caja	Cuba	211.211.2	Largest yuka tubular drum, along with cachimbo and mula, played by two people, one striking the bass and the other hitting the body with a pair of sticks

cast	See playing cast

chan, tambou	Guadeloupe	2	Small and high pitched drums, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan

circular	See snare drum (Jamaica)

conga tumbadora, tumba, requinto, quinto, ricardo, niño, supertumba, super quinto, tres golpes, salidor, true conga	Originally Cuban, now found throughout the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico, Haiti and the Dominican Republic	211.221.1-7	Tall, narrow and single-headed barrel drum, open at the bottom, played by congueros, traditionally wood, now often fiberglass, animal-skin heads can be tuned; also used in popular genres from salsa to ripsaw

conga	See petwo

conga	Trinidad and Tobago	211.212.2	Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and oumalay drums; since introduced to Guyana

conga	Dominican Republic	211.212.2	Cylindrical folk drums

conguito	Dominican Republic	211.212.2	Cylindrical folk drums with a low bass tone, smaller version of the conga

cot	See kata

cotchíerima	See kuchiyeremá

cut drum	See kata

cutter	Trinidad and Tobago	211.221-92	Single-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting

cutter	See kata

débonda, tambou doumbedoum	Guadeloupe and Martinique	211.222.1	Double-headed barrel drum, used in chouval bwa and Carnival music

dholak	Indo-Caribbean	211.212.1	Double-headed drum, used in chutney

dibas, tambou	See bas, tambou di

dibass, tambou	See bas, tambou di

djembe	Guadeloupe	211.261.2	Skin-covered hand drum, goblet-shaped and played bare-handed, used in gwo ka moderne

doumbedoum	See dèbonda, tambou

dup	Grenada	211.221.2	Bass drum made from a cardboard barrel, used in parang

ekué ecue	Cuba	231.13-814	Single-headed three-legged friction drum used in Abakuá ceremonies, played by rubbing a stick over the membrane, which is attached using wedges whose tightness can be modified

enómo	See enkomo

endóga	See arobapá

enko	See enkomo

enkomo enko, enómo	Cuba	211.21-814	Small cylindrical, or slightly tapered, goatskin-headed drums of the biankomeko ensemble, consisting of three types: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá

foulé, tambou	French Guiana	211.221.2-92	Large barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, plays a basic rhythm accompanied by the tambou koupé, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop

French drum	See hun

French reel jumbie drum, woowoo	Montserrat	211.311	Goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance

funde fundeh	Jamaica	211.211.1	Cylindrical drum, one-headed, held between players' legs and performed by tapping with the hand or fingers, originally used in Burru cult rituals, now also common in Nyabinghi ceremonies

funde	Guyana	211.21	Afro-Guyanese cylindrical drum

fundeh	See funde

gaan doon	French Guiana	2	Large bass drum that leads dances, used by the Alukuó Maroons

ganbo	Haiti	211.211.1	Bamboo stomping tubes, sometimes played in groups

gombay	See gumbe

gombey	Bermuda	211.211.2	Afro-Bermudan drum, related to the Bahamian goombay, used in the genre of the same name (gombey)

gonde	Haiti	211.251.2-7	Cowskin hand drum, played with a hand and a bow, in a set with katabo and tambou manman

goombah	See gumbe

goombay	Bahamas and Turks and Caicos	211.211.2-7	Goatskin-headed drum traditionally made from improvised materials (especially discarded barrels), goatskin is tuned by heating it with a candle and attached with nails, used in the Bahamian genre of the same name (goombay)

goombay	See gumbe

goombey	See gumbe

gragé, tambou	French Guiana	211.3	Frame drum, used in Creole dance accompaniment for a dance of the same name (gragé)

groska	See gwo ka

gumbay	See gumbe

gumbe gumbay, goombeh, goombah, goombay, gombay, bench drum	French Guiana and Jamaica	211.31	Small Maroon-derived goatskin square-framed drum, introduced to Sierra Leone

gumbay	See gumbe

gwo ka also used synonymously with ka	Guadeloupe	Family of hand drums, used in lewoz and other traditions, as well as zouk

harp	Jamaica	Generic term for drums used in ceremonies called grounations; these include the bass drum, funde and kété

hun French drums	Cuba	Family of four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, consisting of hugán, xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní

hugán French drum	Cuba	211.22-861	Largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní

hun-hogúlo French drum	Cuba	211.22-861	Second-smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and huní

huní French drum	Cuba	211.22-861	Smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and hun-hogúlo

ich, tambou	Saint Lucia	2	Smaller drum used in Kélé rituals, literally child drum

ikónkolo	See okónkolo

itótele	Cuba	211.26-813	Intermediate-sized batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the iyá and okónkolo; wax-like substance called ida or fardela sometimes used to produce a duller sound

iyá	Cuba	211.26-813	Largest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with goatskin, along with the itótele and okónkolo; red wax-like substance called ida or fardela is used to produce a duller sound, wrapped with bells and belts (chaguoro or tchaworo)

juba martinique	Haiti	211.21-92	Shorter and squatter variety of petwo

jumbie drum	See French reel, balaban

ka also used synonymously with gwo ka	Guadeloupe and Martinique	211.221	Single-headed drums, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Kongo, made from a barrel with goatskin heads tighted by cord

ka	Saint Lucia	211.221	Barrel drum with a goatskin head, used in various folk forms, including chanté siay, jwé dansé and jwé gém

ka	See tambou

kanmougé, tambou	French Guiana	211.211.1	Open-bottomed and single-headed drum, played transversally and carved from a single fragment of wood, used in Creole dance accompaniment for kanmougé and mayouri dances, played in pairs with the lead called the "female" type and the support the "male"

kata cut drum, cutter, cot	Carriacou	211.211.2	Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; wider and higher-tuned cousin of the boula, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth

katabo	Haiti	211.251.2-7	Cowskin hand drum, played with two sticks, in a set with gonde and tambou manman

kbandu bandu	Jamaica	211.211.1+111.231	Large, low-pitched, plays a 4/4 rhythm, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina ceremonies, where it plays a steady rhythm, and is often used several at a time, open end sometimes banged with sticks

keg boom boom	Virgin Islands	211.212.1	Double-headed bass drum, used in masquerades and fife and drum ensembles

kété akete	Jamaica	211.21	Small skinny cylindrical drum, improvised, used in Nyabinghi celebrations, played with bare hands, also used in dub poetry

kettle boom	Montserrat	211.221	Goatskin deep-barreled drum, used in Carnival and other celebrations

kettle drum	Antigua and Barbuda	211.11	Kettle drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music

kettle drum	Bermuda	211.11	Central use in Bermudan traditions, derived from British kettle drum, especially common in gombey

kettle drum	Virgin Islands	211.11	Snare drum, used in fife and drum ensembles

Kimbisa drum	Cuba	211–864	Tall drum with goatskin head, held in place by cords, wedges and hoops, used in the Kimbisa culture

kinfuiti	Cuba	231.12	Friction drum, single-headed, with a stick inserted and rubbed to produce the sound, used in the Kimbisa tradition

kittle boom	Guyana	211.11	Kettle drum, used in masquerades

koupé, tambou	French Guiana	211.221.2-92	Small barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, used to improvise for dancing while the tambou foulé plays a basic rhythm, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop

kromanti	Jamaica	211.21	Cylindrical drum, used by the Maroons of Moore Town

kuchiyeremá cotchíerima	Cuba	211.21-814	Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the arobapá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá

lapo kabwit	Dominica	Any kind of Dominican or Grenadan folk drum

lélé, tambou	Dominica	211.211.2	Cylindrical drum, small and wooden with goatskin at one end, strapped across the shoulder and played with two sticks, used in chanté mas

loango loangue	Haiti	211.21-92	Taller and narrower variety of petwo

loangue	See loango

maké	See markeur

makuta	See yuka

makyé	See markeur

manman, tambou	Saint Lucia	2	Larger drum used in Kélé rituals, literally mother drum

mamnan, tambou	Haiti	211.251.2-7	Hand drum with a cowhide head, pegged in place and with a decorated collar, used in many Afro-Haitian musics, used in rada, petwo and other folk traditions

marassas	Haiti	211.212.2	Cylindrical drum that comes in pairs, traditionally made from wood or a two-gallon container with both top and bottom removed and replaced with heads, played with fingers

markeur makyé, marqueur, maké	Guadeloupe	211.221.2	Single-headed hand drum, small, high-pitched, played upright and one-handed, and held between the legs, interacts with dancers by responding to movement and improvises with the boula drum, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes

marqueur	See markeur

martinique	See juba

matrimonial	See wacharaca

mongó	Dominican Republic	211.3	Small rural folk handheld frame drum

moyen	See segon

mula	Cuba	211.211.2	Intermediate-sized yuka tubular drum, along with caja and cachimbo

ngoma	See yuka

niño	Cuba	2	Smallest drum of the conga family

Nyabinghi	See kété

okónkolo ikónkolo, amelé	Cuba	211.26-813	Smallest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the itótele and iyá

oumalay	Trinidad and Tobago	211.212.2	Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and conga drums

omele	See oumalay

pailas	Dominican Republic	211.12	Kettledrum, played in pairs, made from containers used to boil sugarcane juice, with tension lugs to adjust the tightness of the single-head, closed bottom

palo auxiliar	Dominican Republic	211.211.2-7	One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked

palo major	Dominican Republic	211.211.2-7	Larger folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked

palo menor	Dominican Republic	211.211.2-7	Smaller folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked

palos atabale	Dominican Republic	211.211.2-7	Ensembles that include a number of drums, include the types of palo and alcahuete, used in the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with skin heads either pegged or tacked

pandereta pandero	Puerto Rico	211.3	Handheld frame drum, used in plena, adapted from European tambourine

pandero	See pandereta

panderos	Dominican Republic	211.3	Small rural folk handheld frame drum

Pétro	See petwo

petwo conga, Pétro	Haiti	211.21-92	Cylindrical drum headed with cowskin, attached with cords, comes in two varieties: loango and juba

pikin doon	French Guiana	2	Medium-sized drum that supports dancers, played in pairs, with one played solo, and both played bare-handed, used among the Alukuó Maroons

playing cast playin kya, cast	Jamaica	211.211.1+111.231	Small, high-pitched, plays complex, syncopated rhythms, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina, open end sometimes struck with sticks

playin kya	See playing cast

podya	Suriname	2	Small, skin-covered bass drum, common among the rural Afro-Surinamese

prenting	See kromanti

primo	See subidor

pump	Barbados	2	Long drum, made from a hollow tree trunk with goat or sheep skin on either end

pump	St Maarten	211.31	Goatskin frame drum, sometimes played in pairs or larger groups, usually using both hands

quinto	Cuba	211.221	Smallest barrel-shaped hand drum, made out of a box with two sloping sides, of the tumbadora family, plays the most intricate rhythms of the group, not always characterized as a tumbadora or conga drum

rada	Haiti	2	Drum headed with cowskin, attached with wooden pegs

ralé	Haiti	2	Goatskin drum, used alongside tambou manman, used in petwo and YaYa TiKongo rhythms

rattle	See snare drum (Jamaica)

repeater	See bass drum (Jamaica), snare drum (Jamaica)

repeater	See kété

repeater	Jamaica	2	Used in the Burru rituals, now imported to Rastafarian music

repicador	See subidor

requinto drum	Puerto Rico	211.25	Small conical hand drum, improvises over the other drum rhythms, used in plena

ricardo	See conga

ripsaw drum	Turks and Caicos and Bahamas (Cat Island only)	2	Goat- or cow-skin drum, heated to produce a pitch

round	See snare drum (Jamaica)

Saba drum	Saba	211.22	Made from kegs or barrels, and attached to a skin frame secured by wood, rope and pegs

salidor	See conga

scratch band barrel drum	Virgin Islands	211.222	Double-headed barrel drum, used in scratch bands

second	See segon

segon	Haiti	211-7	Cowskin hand drum with artistic collars, used in rada along with boula and manman drums

segundo	See conga

side drum	See snare drum

skratji	Suriname	2	Large Afro-Surinamese bass drum with a cymbal on top, used in kaseko

snare drum	Bermuda	211.212.1	Central use in Bermudan traditions, generally played in pairs, used in gombey

snare drum kettle	Barbados	211.212.1	Doubled headed side snare drum, used in tuk bands

snare drum	Cuba	211.212.1	Snare drum used in comparsa pre-Easter celebrations

snare drum side drum, Maroon only: repeater, rattle, round, circular	Jamaica	211.212.1	Snare drum played with wooden sticks, carried with a strap, used in marching bands and Maroon music

snare drum	Suriname	211.212.1	Snare drum, used in kaseko

stave drum	Cuba	211.261.2-813	Drum with straight but sloping sides, closest to being a classic goblet drum, variation on a batá drum

subidor primo, repicador	Puerto Rico	211.22	Smaller, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin, used in bomba

super quinto	See conga

supertumba	See conga

tambora	Dominican Republic originally, now also common on St Maarten	211.222	Double-headed barrel drum of African origin, played with a stick on one head and a bare hand on the other

tambou	Grenada and Dominica	211.221.1	Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, larger partner of the baboula, accompanies the belair dance

tambou	Martinique and Guadeloupe	Generic term for drums

tambour	Puerto Rico	211.211.2	Long drum, made from a hollowed-out tree trunk and topped with animal skin

tambourine	Haiti	212.211	Miniature version of the tymbale, beaten with two sticks

tambú tambu	Curaçao	211.211.2	Long drum, made from a hollow log, used in tambú

tanbou	See tambou

tanbou	Haiti	Barrel drum made from hardwood and topped with animal skin

tassa	Indo-Trinidadian, now commonplace	211.11	Kettle drum with a goatskin head, used in the Muslim Hosay (Hosein) ritual

tenbal, tambou	Saint Lucia	211.212.1	Snare drum, used in cockfights, séwinal, merry-go-rounds, other celebrations

tenor drum	Jamaica	2	Carried with a strap, used in marching bands

tétendóga	See biapá

timbales tymbales	Cuba	211.211.1	European-derived open-bottomed twin drum, played using sticks

tom	Guadeloupe	211.212.1	Cylindrical drum like the tom-tom drum, [played with sticks

tombas	Guadeloupe	211.212.1	Bass drum, played with sticks

toombah tumtum	Antigua and Barbuda	2	Small drum, decorated with shells and tin

tres golpes	See conga

tres por dos	Cuba	211.22	Medium-sized barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family

true conga	See bass tumbadora

tumba	Cuba	211.221-7	Largest variety of the conga family, stave drum with a cowskin head

tumbadora bass tumbadora, true conga, tres por dos, quinto	Cuba	211.22.2	Cuban conga drum, barrel-shaped hand drum

tumao	Suriname	211.211.2	Intermediate drum of the set, with agida and apinti, played with one hand, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin

tumtum	See toombah

tumtum	Barbados	211.212.1	Hollowed-out tree trunk with skins at either end

tun	French Guiana	2	Small drum, used among the Alukuó Maroons

twavay, tambou	Dominica	22	Small barrel frame drum, headed with goatskin; a cord with an attached bead is placed on the drumskin to add a buzzing quality to the sound, used to accompany work songs

tymbale	Haiti	212.212.1	Large two-headed hooped drum, carried with a strap and sometimes with an attached board called an assot

tymbales	See timbales

uyó	Cuba	23	Abakua friction drum, details of construction are kept secret

woowoo	See French reel

xumpé French drum	Cuba	211.22-861	Second-largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, hun-hogúlo and huní

yuka makuta, ngoma, tambor de yuka	Cuba	211.211.2	Class of three folk tubular drums: caja, mula, and cachimbo

zesse	Haiti	22	Cylindrical drum used in the dance of the same name, has a wire stretched across the single goatskin head

Sentence(s)

Music of Suriname includes the instruments skratji (a large bass drum) and snare drums.

final_sentence: Music of Suriname includes the instruments skratji (a large bass drum) and snare drums.