List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States
This is a list of denaturalized former citizens of the United States, that is, those who became citizens through naturalization and were subsequently stripped of citizenship.

List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States

Section Title:
Table Section Text: This is a list of denaturalized former citizens of the United States, that is, those who became citizens through naturalization and were subsequently stripped of citizenship.

Name	Reason	Denaturalization date	Status

Adeneye, Ibraheem	Convicted of conspiracy to commit marriage fraud, naturalization fraud, and making a false statement to a federal agency. Adeneye indicated that he was engaged in brokering sham marriages between Nigerian nationals and U.S.	2010	U.S. District Judge Kenneth Hoyt sentenced Adeneye to the time he has already served in prison.

Adler, Solomon (1909–1994)	Government economist under investigation as a communist spy. Moved to Britain and was denaturalized after his passport expired.	Circa 1952

Almallah, Rasmi Khader	Became a permanent resident via a 1981 marriage four days before his student visa expired (later deemed "a green card marriage" by the Immigration and Naturalization Service) and naturalized in 1988.	2007	Appealed unsuccessfully to the United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit. Resident of Jordan, where he is a member of the Jordanian Senate.

Artishenko, Basil (1923–1989)	Member of Nazi-controlled police in Khoiniki (present-day Chojniki, Belarus), accused of helping execute about 100 unarmed people.	October 11, 1984	Not deported from the United States in a settlement with the government that required him to give up his citizenship and nationality in 1984; died in 1989.

Artuković, Andrija (19 November 1899 – 16 January 1988)	Croatian Minister of Interior 1941-1942; 1943.	1986	Yugoslavia requested extradition 1951; request rejected 1959; deported 1986 to Yugoslavia. Not executed due to age and health.

Avdzej, John, aka: Ivan Aŭdzej and Jan Awdziej (1905–1998)	Mayor of Stolpce in Nazi-occupied Poland.	March 2, 1984	Left the country in February 1984 for West Germany, where he renounced his US citizenship as part of a deal to avoid prosecution.

Bartesch, Martin (1926–1989)	Failure to disclose his past when he applied for U.S. citizenship: member of the Prinz Eugen Division of the S.S.	May 29, 1987	Fled to Austria, where he later died.

Baumann, Anton (1911–1994)	SS Death Head's Battalion guard at Stutthof and Buchenwald concentration camps.	May 17, 1991	Ordered deported to Germany in 1993, but deportation was never carried out due to his health; died in 1994.

Bellei, Aldo Mario	Born in Italy to an Italian father and an American mother, Bellei lost his citizenship for not moving to and living in the United States for at least five years prior to his 28th birthday; see Rogers v.	April 5, 1971	U.S. Supreme Court vacated lower court ruling, finding against Bellei in 1971.

Berezowskyj, Walter (né Wolodymyr Berezowskyj; 1924–2010)	Guard at Trawniki, Poniatowa, and Gusen concentration camps.	September 15, 1998	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 2010.

Bernes, Peter John (né Petras Bernotavičius; 1922–2004)	Deputy to Nazi-appointed mayor and police commander Werner Loew in Kupiškis, Lithuania.	May 23, 2002	Fled to Lithuania in 2002, where he later died.

Bless, Anton (1924–2004)	SS-Death's Head Battalion guard at Auschwitz concentration camp.	December 18, 1992	Fled to Germany in 1992, where he died in 2004.

Braunsteiner, Hermine (1919–1999)	Failure to disclose conviction for war crimes; female concentration camp guard.	1971	First Nazi war criminal extradited from the United States to Germany. Sentenced to life imprisonment, but released in 1996 for health reasons.

Breyer, Hans Johann aka Johann Breyer (1925-2014)	Waffen SS; also Guard KZ Buchenwald and KZ Auschwitz	May 1992	On June 17, 2013 the District Court of Weiden, Germany issued an arrest warrant for Johan Breyer for complicity in the commission of murder while a guard at Auschwitz.

Bučmys, Ildefonsas (1920–2005)	Guard at Majdanek concentration camp.	February 17, 2005	Not deported from the United States in a settlement with the government that required him to give up his U.S. citizenship and nationality in 2005; he died later that same year.

Budreika, Joseph (né Juozas Budreika; 1916–1996)	Member of the Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft.	May 28, 1996	Fled to Lithuania on May 14, 1996, in an agreement with the OSI. Died less than a month after arriving in Lithuania.

Čiurinskas, Kazys, akas: Casimir/Kasimir/Kazimeris/Charlie/Casey Čiurinskas (1918–2001)	Member of the Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft.	June 18, 1997	Fled to Lithuania in 1999 after consenting to deportation.

Dailidė, Algimantas (born 1921)	For having "illegally procured" citizenship. Member of the Lithuanian Security Police during World War II.	January 29, 1997	Fled to Germany in 2004 after being ordered deported. Convicted by a Lithuanian court in 2006, but not imprisoned due to his age.

Damrah, Fawaz Mohammed	Imam who was convicted on June 18, 2004, of lying on his naturalization application about his association with three groups classified as terrorist organizations by the U.S.	September 23, 2004	Deported to the Palestinian West Bank in January 2007.

Demjanjuk, John (1920–2012)	Allegedly concealed being a concentration camp guard at Sobibor, Majdanek, Flossenbürg, and Trawniki, thus committing naturalization fraud.	June 25, 1981. Citizenship restored February 20, 1998. Denaturalized again on February 21, 2002.	Deported to Germany. On July 13, 2009, Demjanjuk was formally charged with 28,060 counts of accessory to murder, one for each person who died at Sobibor during the time he was accused of serving as a guard at the Nazi death camp.

Denzinger, Jakob Frank, a.k.a. Jacob Frank Denzinger (1924-2016)	Guard at Mauthausen, St. Georgen, Kraków, and Auschwitz concentration camps.	November 27, 1989	Fled to West Germany in August 1989; living in Croatia as of 2014.

Derkacz, Michael, a.k.a. Michael Dercacz (1909–1983)	Member of the Ukrainian police who "assisted the Nazis in persecuting civilian Jews."	February 4, 1982	Derkacz failed to file a notice of appeal against this summary judgment before the time for such an appeal expired, and the revocation of his citizenship thus became final.

Deutscher, Albert [1920-1981]	Member of Selbstschutz in the Ukraine.	December 17, 1981	US Justice Department moved to denaturalize him; not proceeded with as Deutscher of Brookfield, Illinois died of injuries after being struck by a train.

Didrichsons, Valdis (1913–1995)	Member of Arajs Kommando military unit in Nazi-occupied Latvia.	March 5, 1990	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1995.

Fedorenko, Feodor (1907–1987)	Guard at Treblinka extermination camp.	March 11, 1981	Extradited to the Soviet Union, where he was executed.

Firishchak, Osyp, akas: Osip/Yosef/Josif/Josyf; Firischtschak/Firiscak/Firischak/Firiszczak/Firischtschuk/Firitschak/Firschak (1919–2012)	Member of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police.	August 30, 2005	Ordered deported by an immigration judge; appeal denied by Supreme Court on February 21, 2012. Died later that same year.

Friedrich, Adam (1921–2006)	Guard at Gross-Rosen, Dyhernfurth, and Flossenbürg concentration camps.	February 24, 2004	Died in July 2006 before deportation proceedings could begin.

Galan, Orest (born 1921)	Member of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police	November 2006	Ordered to leave United States by November 15, 2006 in settlement agreement with the OSI. Returned to Ukraine.

Geiser, Anton (1924–2012)	SS Death's Head Battalion guard at Sachsenhausen and Buchenwald.	September 29, 2006	Died in 2012 while appealing his deportation.

Gimžauskas, Kazys (1908–2001)	Deputy to Aleksandras Lileikis in the Lithuanian Security Police.	June 1996	Fled to Lithuania in 1993 or 1994. Convicted by a Lithuanian court in 2001, but not imprisoned "after experts concluded he was not mentally fit to take responsibility for his past actions." Died shortly afterward.

Goldman, Emma (1869–1940)	Anarchist.	1919	Deported on December 21, 1919; landed in Finland on January 17, 1920, and sent from there to the Russian border.

Gorshkow, Mikhail (1923–2013)	Former interrogator for the Gestapo accused of participating in the murders of about 3,000 people.	July 29, 2002	Fled to Estonia before being denaturalized. Died in 2013.

Gostić, Jadranko (born 1963)	Served in the Zvornik Infantry Brigade of the Bosnian Serb Army from April 1992 until December 1995; concealed involvement in war crimes in Bosnia, including Srebrenica (1995).	June 1, 2010	Deported to Serbia in 2010 after agreeing to admit to the allegations against him, to be denaturalized and to surrender any claim to lawful permanent resident status.

Grabauskas, Joseph J. (né Juozas Grabauskas; 1918–2002)	Member of the Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft.	November 1993	Repatriated to Lithuania as per settlement with the OSI in November 1993; died in 2002.

Gudauskas, Vytautas (1918–1997)	Member of the Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft.	1994	Not deported from the United States in a settlement with the government that required him to give up his U.S. citizenship; died in 1997.

Habich, Jakob, a.k.a. Jacob Habich (1913–1995)	SS-Death's Head Battalion guard at Lublin and Auschwitz concentration camps.	March 14, 1990	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1995.

Hajda, Bronisław, akas: Bronislaw Hajda and Bruno Hajda (1924–2005)	Guard at Trawniki concentration camp and Treblinka labor camp; member of SS Battalion Streibel.	April 9, 1997	Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2005.

Hammer, Ferdinand (1921–2004)	Alleged (never proven) SS guard at Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen concentration camps.	May 22, 1996	Deported to Austria in 2000, where he died in 2004.

Hansl, John, né Johann Hansl (1925–2007)	SS Death's Head Battalion guard at the Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler concentration camps.	April 8, 2005	Died in 2007 in Des Moines, Iowa before deportation proceedings could begin.

Hartmann, Martin (born c. 1919)	SS-Death Head's Battalion guard at Sachsenhausen concentration camp.	September 2007	Agreed to permanently depart the United States for Germany on August 31, 2007, in an agreement with the OSI. Believed to be living in Berlin.

Haupt, Hans Max and Erna (née Froehling)	Parents of Herbert Hans Haupt (naturalized American citizen executed in 1942 after being convicted of spying on U.S. soil for Nazi Germany).	1946: Erna (née Froehling) Haupt 1947: Hans Max Haupt	Deported, although whereabouts unclear as their native Stettin had become part of Poland (Szczecin) after the war, and most of the German population had been expelled.

Holejko, Nestor {Died 1991}	Gestapo Agent Czechoslovakia	1968	Postwar Agent for CIA; postwar request for deportation to Czechoslovakia refused; Died March 1991 Florida

Hrusitzky, Anatoly (1917–1992)	Member of Nazi-controlled police force in Cherny Ostrov, Ukraine	June 29, 1984	Fled to Venezuela in 1984, where he renounced his United States citizenship and later died in 1992.

Hutyrczyk, Sergis (1924–1993)	Guard at Koldyczewo concentration camp.	October 2, 1992	Died in 1993 while appealing his denaturalization.

Jean-Baptiste, Lionel (born 1947)	Failure to "establish and maintain 'good moral character'" due to conviction as a drug dealer after application for citizenship, but before his naturalization on April 23, 1996.	circa 2003	Denied entry to Haiti, his homeland, after denaturalization, on the grounds he had relinquished his Haitian citizenship by becoming a U.S.

Jordan, Gilberto (born 1956)	Participated in the Dos Erres massacre, Guatemala in December 1982.	September 16, 2010	Currently serving 10-year prison sentence at FDC Miami for naturalization fraud.

Kairys, Liudas (né Liudvikas Kairys; 1920–1999) and also known as Ludwig Kairys	Platoon leader at Treblinka.	December 28, 1984	Deported to Germany in 1993. Germany suspended its investigation of him in 1999, by which time he had died.

Kalymon, John, né Jan Kalymun, a.k.a. Iwan Kalymon (1921–2014)	Service in Nazi-affiliated Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Ukrainian Auxiliary Police) during World War II. The U.S.	March 29, 2007	Died in 2014 while awaiting extradition to Germany.

Karkoc, Michael (1919- )	Service in Nazi-affiliated Ukraine Self Defense Legion/14th Waffen SS Grenadier Division	March 2018	Investigated since 2003

Kauls, Juris (1912–2008)	Deputy chief and inspector of guards at a concentration camp near Riga, Latvia.	September 8, 1988	Fled to West Germany in August 1988. Died in Latvia in 2008.

Kiršteins, Miķelis (1916–1994)	Member of Arajs Kommando military unit in Nazi-occupied Latvia.	December 1991	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1994.

Klimavičius, Jonas (1907–1993)	Member of the Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft	November 28, 1988	Not deported from the United States in a settlement with the government that required him to give up his U.S. citizenship and nationality in 1988; died in 1993.

Knauer, Paul (1895–1962)	False oath of allegiance due to affiliations with German-American Bund, German-American Citizens Alliance and the German Winter Relief Fund, the last being an official agency of the German government for which German consulates solicited money in the United States.	June 10, 1946	Regained entry to the United States in 1957.

Kolnhofer, Michael (1918–1997)	KZ Guard	1996	came to United States in 1952; US Justice Department filed suit to strip him of citizenship; Not denaturalized as he was shot and wounded in Kansas City Kansas after a gunfight with police in which he fired a pistol at reporters and police December 31, 1996; died of injuries March 1997 age 79/80

Koréh, Ferenc (1909–1997)	Editor of the Hungarian pro-Axis newspaper Székely Nép.	June 28, 1994	Ordered deported in 1997, but deportation was not carried out due to his health; died later that same year.

Kowalchuk, Serge, a.k.a. Serhij Kowalczuk (1920–1998)	Senior member of Lithuania militia supporting Nazi persecution of Jews in the town of Lubomyl.	July 1, 1983	Fled to Paraguay in 1987. Died in 1998.

Koziy, Bohdan aka: Bohdan Jozij, Bogdanus Kosij (1923–2003),	Member of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police.	March 29, 1982	Fled to Costa Rica in 1985, where he died in 2003.

Krysa, Wasyl (1925–2004)	SS guard at Poniatowa and Gusen concentration camps.	October 5, 2001	Died in 2004, while appealing his denaturalization.

Kuhn, Fritz Julius (1896–1951)	Fraud in naturalization process.	June 1, 1943	Leader of the German American Bund. Jailed as an enemy agent, and deported to Germany in late 1945.

Kulle, Reinhold (born 1921)	KZ Guard	1987	1983 denaturalization proceedings begun Deported to Germany

Kumpf, Josias (1925–2009)	SS-Death's Head Guard at Sachsenhausen and Trawniki.	May 10, 2005	Deported to Austria in 2009, where he died later that year.

Kungys, Juozas, a.k.a. Joseph Kungys (1915–2009)	Making false statements on his visa application.	A district court decision in Kungys' favor was reversed by the Court of Appeals, and he was remanded for denaturalization on June 20, 1986.	Died in Hudson County, New Jersey in 2009.

Kuras, Andrew, aka: Andrej/Andrij/Andrey/Andreas/Andrzej/Andre Kuras (1922–2007)	Guard at Trawniki, Poniatowa, and Dorohucza concentration camps; member of SS-Battalion Striebel.	April 14, 2004	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 2007.

Kwoczak, Fedir (aka Fedor Kwoczak; 1921–2003)	Guard at Trawniki and Poniatowa concentration camps; participated in liquidation of Warsaw and Białystok ghettos; member of SS-Battalion Streibel.	June 27, 2002	Died in 2003 while appealing his denaturalization.

Leili, Stefan (1909–1995)	SS-Death's Head guard at Mauthausen concentration camp who admitted shooting a 17-year-old French Jew, Leon Axelroud, during an escape attempt.	December 30, 1986	Fled to West Germany in August 1986, where he died in 1995.

Leprich, Johann (aka John M. Leprich 1925–2013)	SS Death's Head Battalion guard at Mauthausen concentration camp.	July 13, 1987	Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2013.

Li, Xunmei Grace	Convicted of [making] false statements, bigamy, an extramarital affair, and concealment or misrepresentation of facts to get citizenship.	August 2014	Li was married to two men at the same time, but she contended that one of the marriages was intended to appease the parents of her children's father (Gang Chen) and was not supposed to be real.

Lileikis, Aleksandras (1907–2000)	Accused of leading a secret Lithuanian police unit during World War II.	May 24, 1996	Returned to Lithuania in 1996. War crimes trial suspended in 2000 due to ill health of defendant, who died the same year, aged 93.

Linnas, Karl (1919–1987)	Making false statements to gain citizenship. Commandant of a Nazi concentration camp.	July 30, 1981	Deported to the Soviet Union. Died while awaiting trial.

Lipschis, Hans aka Antanas Lipšys {1919–2016}	KZ Auschwitz Guard	Deported in 1983 for "lying about his Nazi past" from Chicago Illinois	Arrested Germany 2013; died 2016

Lytwyn, Wasyl (born 1921)	Guard at Trawniki concentration camp; participated in the liquidation of Warsaw ghetto; member of SS-Battalion Streibel.	December 1995	Repatriated to Ukraine in December 1995 as per agreement with the OSI.

Maikovskis, Boļeslavs (1904–1996)	Latavian Police CHief	1987	1987 fled to Germany; judged too feeble to be tried for war crimes; died 1996

Mandycz, Iwan (1920–2017)	Guard at the Trawniki and Poniatowa camps near Lublin in Nazi-occupied Poland. Became a U.S. citizen in 1955.	February 28, 2005. Appeal dismissed May 22, 2006.	Was not deported due to his health. Died September 6, 2017 Sterling Heights, Michigan age 97

Miling, Jakob (1924–2009)	SS-Death's Head Battalion guard at Gross-Rosen and Sachsenhausen concentration camps.	August 4, 2003	Fled to Serbia in September 2002, where he renounced his U.S. citizenship a year later and died in 2009.

Milius, Adolph (né Adolfas Milinavičius; 1918–1999)	Member of the Lithuanian Security Police.	August 17, 1998	Fled to Lithuania in 1996, where he died in 1999.

Mineikis, Antanas (1918–1997)	Stripped of his United States citizenship on suspicion of organizing reprisals during the Nazi occupation of the Baltic region during World War II.	January 1992	Deported to Lithuania in September 1992, where he died on November 24, 1997.

Mozumdar, A. K. (1864–1953)	Claimed to be Caucasian to satisfy a law then in effect restricting naturalization to "free white persons", becoming the first Asian Indian to gain American citizenship.	1923

Munyenyezi, Beatrice	Member of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development, assisted in the Rwandan Genocide	February 21, 2013	Currently serving 10-year prison sentence at FCI Aliceville for naturalization fraud.

Naujalis, Janos [born 1920]	Lance Corporal 2nd Auxiliary Police Battalion attached to German 11th Police Reserve Battalion	Ordered deported 1997	US Justice Department filed suit to denaturalize him in October 1995; deported to native Lithuania March 2001

Negele, Michael (1920–2008)	Guard and attack dog handler at Sachsenhausen and Theresienstadt concentration camps.	July 20, 1999	Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2008.

Negewo, Kelbessa (born 1950)	Convicted in Ethiopia in absentia of torture as a member of the then-ruling Derg.	2006	Deported to Ethiopia, where he is serving a life sentence.

Odeh, Rasmea (born 1947/1948)	Convicted and sentenced by an Israeli court to life in prison for: (i) her involvement in two terrorist bombings in Jerusalem; and (ii) involvement in an illegal organization, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).	2015	Sentenced to be deported to Jordan.

Osidach, Wolodymir (1904–1981)	Member of the Ukrainian police involved in the persecution of Jews in Rawa Ruska during German occupation.	March 17, 1981	Died while case was being appealed.

Palčiauskas, Kazys (1907–1992)	World War II-era mayor of Kaunas, Lithuania, complicit in the persecution of Jews.	February 23, 1983	Died in St. Petersburg Beach, Florida in 1992 while appealing his deportation.

Palij, Jakiw (1923–2019)	Failed to disclose he had been a concentration camp guard at the Trawniki concentration camp.	July 31, 2003	Deported to Germany on 21 August 2018, based on a special decree issued by the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community.

Pasker, Mike (né Mečys Paškevičius; 1901–1993)	Failed to disclose his World War II era service in the Nazi-affiliated Lithuanian Security Police from 1941–44	August 23, 1979 (consented to denaturalization)	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1993.

Peláez, Vicky	Pleaded guilty to working in the United States as an unregistered foreign agent for Russia, and agreed to deportation on July 9, 2010, and to never return, in exchange for the U.S.	July 2010	Pelaez indicated she would return to her native Perú. Her two United States-born children elected to remain in the U.S.

Prouty, Nada Nadim (born c. 1970)	Former CIA agent who pleaded guilty two felonies related to a sham (green card) marriage and to one misdemeanor count of unauthorized use of an FBI computer.	2007	Granted withholding of deportation/removal due to perceived threat to her life in her native Lebanon; she must comply with an Order of Supervision issued by the Department of Homeland Security.

Quintus, Peter (1915–1997)	SS guard at Majdanek concentration camp	July 1988	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1997.

Reger, Stefan (1925–2003)	Reger, a native of Filipovo, Yugoslavia, was stripped of his United States citizenship due to naturalization fraud related to World War II service in the SS Death's Head Battalion (which he acknowledged) and at Birkenau (which he denied).	September 8, 1988	Fled to West Germany in 1988, where he died in 2003.

Reimer, Jakob, a.k.a. Jack Reimer (1918–2005)	Trawniki concentration camp guard.	September 5, 2002	Died before he could be deported to Germany.

Reve, Hiram Cristobal (born 1961)	Committed naturalization fraud when he failed to disclose his July 12, 1995 arrest for sexually assaulting a 14-year-old boy in May 1995 when submitting his naturalization application dated July 27, 1995.	January 31, 2003	Reve presently resides in New Jersey as a legal permanent resident due to the existing Wet feet, dry feet policy on repatriating Cuban nationals back to Cuba.

Rinkel,Elfriede Lina (Huth) (1922–2018)	SS Guard	2006	Deported to Germany

Rudolph, Arthur (1906–1996)	German rocket scientist who worked on the V-2. Renounced citizenship under pressure.	March 25, 1984	Died in Hamburg, Germany in 1996.

Rydlinski, Chester (né Wiatscheslaw Rydlinskis; 1924–1997)	Guard and attack dog handler at the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland, the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany and at Buchenwald's Laura subcamp.	July 21, 1995	Fled to Germany in late 1994, where he died in 1997.

Sawchuk, Dmytro (1924–2004)	Guard at Trawniki concentration camp and Bełżec extermination camp; participated in liquidation of Białystok ghetto; member of SS-Battalion Streibel	March 23, 1999	Fled to Germany in 1999, where he renounced his US citizenship and later died in 2004.

Schellong, Conrad (1910–1992)	For "concealing his role as a guard and later commander at the Sachsenburg and Dachau Nazi death camps from 1934 to 1939."	September 9, 1982	Deported to West Germany in 1988, where he later died.

Schiffer, Nikolaus (1919–2007)	Guard at Sachsenhausen, Hersbruck, Majdanek, and Trawniki concentration camps.	August 25, 1993 (Born in the US, he expatriated himself by serving in the Romanian Army and Waffen SS during World War II.)	Deported to Romania in 2002, where he later died in 2007.

Schmidt, Michael (1923–2008)	Did not contest the Office of Special Investigations/Justice Department Criminal Division allegation that he participated in the persecution of civilians while serving as an armed guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.	January 3, 1990	Agreed to permanently depart the United States by December 31, 1992 in an agreement with the OSI. Died in Germany in 2008.

Schuk, Mykola (1909–1986)	Member of Nazi police force in Ukraine.	November 1, 1985	Not deported from the United States in a settlement with the government that required him to give up his U.S. citizenship and nationality in 1985; died a year later.

Schwinn, Hermann Max, a.k.a. Herman Schwinn (1905–1973)	Fraudulently and illegally procured naturalization. He became a United States citizen on July 22, 1932.	Citizenship canceled on July 15, 1939; on May 10, 1940, judgment affirmed and appeal denied.	Died in 1973 in Florida.

Shqaire, Vallmoe	Fraudulently and illegally procured naturalization. He became a United States citizen on November 6, 2008.	Citizenship canceled on April 26, 2019; Will be deported to Jordan.	Awaiting deprtation order.

Sokolov, Vladimir (aka Vladimir Sokolov-Samarin; 1913–1992)	Editor and propaganda writer for the pro-Nazi Russian newspaper Rech.	June 2, 1986	Fled to Canada in 1988, where he later died.

Soobzokov,Tscherim (1918/1924–1985}	1st Lt in the SS; member of North Caucasus Legion;	1979	Postwar a spy for the CIA; US Justice Department began investigating suspect in 1974; denaturalization proceedings started in December 1979; dropped after he admitted involvement in North Caucasus Legion; injured by a bomb planted by persons or persons unknown August 15, 1985; died of injuries September 6, 1985

Sosa, Jorge (born 1958)	Participated in the Dos Erres massacre, Guatemala in December 1982.	February 10, 2014	Sentenced to 10 years in prison for naturalization fraud on February 10, 2014.

Steimer, Mollie (born 1897, Tsarist Russia – died 1980, Mexico), et al. (3 co-defendants)	Anarchist; arrested in 1918 for violating the Espionage Act of 1917	November 1, 1922, to Russia along with three co-defendants	Received a 15-year sentence in prison. Samuel Lipman (co-defendant) was executed on the orders of Stalin, Hyman Lachowsky (co-defendant) was killed by the Nazis, and Jacob Abrams (co-defendant) settled in Mexico, as did Steimer.

Sproģis, Elmārs (Elmar Sprogis; 26 November 1914, Latvia – 10 July 1991, New York)	Assistant Chief of Police (Latvia) World War II; Emigrated to US 1950; 1983 Justice Department OSI moved to revoke citizenship on grounds he had concealed participation in killing of Jews in 1941;	October 1983	"Exonerated" on May 18, 1984; residence firebombed September 6, 1985. Died 10 July 1991

Stelmokas, Jonas (né Stelmokevičius; 1916–1998)	Lithuanian officer in the 3rd Company of the 3rd Battalion of the Lithuanian] Schutzmannschaft "... acquiesced in the murder and persecution of Jews and other unarmed civilians in Lithuania.	August 2, 1995 (original decision); November 12, 1996 (appeal rejected by the United States Court of Appeals) US Justice Deportment filed suit to denaturalize him June 1997	Died in Pennsylvania in 1998 while appealing his deportation.

Stolz, John {-1987}	Nazi Prison Guard	1987	US Justice Department moved to strip him of citizenship and be deported; not denaturalized as he committed suicide at Home in Wickliffe, Ohio April 1987

Szehinskyj, Theodor (1924–2014)	SS Death's Head Battalion guard at Gross-Rosen, Sachsenhausen and Nazi camp in Warsaw concentration camps.	July 24, 2000	Remained in the United States until his death in 2014, as no country was found that would accept him.

Szendi, Joseph (né József Szendi; 1915–2004)	Member of Royal Hungarian Gendarmerie, a paramilitary unit which deported Hungarian Jews to Nazi-occupied Poland.	June 18, 1993	Fled to Hungary in 1993 in an agreement with the Justice Department; died in 2004.

Tannenbaum, Jacob (c. 1912–1989)	Jewish kapo at Goerlitz concentration camp.	February 4, 1988	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1989.

Theodorovich, George (né Jurij Theodorowytsch; born 1922)	Member of Nazi-controlled police force in Ukraine	January 27, 1984	Fled to Paraguay on December 18, 1988.

Thind, Bhagat Singh	Second attempt at citizenship. Naturalization revoked for being of Asian descent, based on then caselaw.	December 13, 1918 and February 19, 1923 (two separate occasions)	Thind remained in the U.S. and eventually qualified under U.S.

Tittjung, Anton (1924–2012)	Guard at Mauthausen concentration camp.	December 14, 1990	Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2012.

Trifa, Valerian, a.k.a. Viorel Trifa (1914–1987)	Former member of the fascist Iron Guard of Romania. He was Detroit Archbishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church until the Department of Justice's OSI investigation, which began in 1975.	August 26, 1980	Fled to Portugal, where he died in 1987.

Virkutis, Antanas (1913–1993)	Warden of Šiauliai prison in Nazi-occupied Lithuania	April 1988	Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 1993.

von Bolschwing, Otto Albrecht Alfred aka Otto von Bolschwing [1909-1982]	SS Captain and advisor to Adolf Eichmann.	December 22, 1981	Gave up citizenship but Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in March 1982.

Walus, Frank, akas: Franzl Walus, Franciszek Walus, Fritz Wulecki (1922–1994)	Alleged to have worked with the Gestapo	1974	Citizenship stripped from him, but later restored.

Wasylyk, Mykola (1923–2010)	Concentration camp guard at Trawniki and Budzyn.	July 13, 2001	Remained in the U.S. after denaturalization as no other country would accept him. He died in 2010.

Wieland, Josef (1908–1992)	SS-Death's Head guard at Mauthausen concentration camp.	June 19, 1986	Fled to West Germany in 1986, where he died in 1992.

Wittje, Joseph (1920–2006)	Waffen-SS guard at Sachsenhausen concentration camp.	August 27, 2004	Died in 2006 before deportation hearings could begin.

Wojciechowski, Chester (1920–2003)	Guard at the Majdanek concentration camp.	October 5, 1987	Fled to West Germany, where he died in 2003.

Zajančkauskas, Vladas (1915–2013)	Trawniki concentration camp guard who participated in the Nazi operation at the Warsaw Ghetto.	January 26, 2005	Ordered deported by an immigration judge; appeal denied by Supreme Court on November 18, 2010.

Ziegler, John (né Johann Ziegler; 1907–1997)	SS-Death's Head guard at Stutthof, Kauen, and Gotenhafen concentration camps.	1991	Fled to Austria in 1991; died in 1997.

Zultner, Martin (1912–1997)	Guard at Schwechat, Floridsdorf, and Modling, three subcamps of Mauthausen in Austria.	October 23, 1990	Moved to Austria in 1975, where he renounced his US citizenship in 1990 and later died in 1997.

Sentence(s)

Johann Breyer (1925 – 2014) was unsuccessfully attempted to denaturalize in the SS.

final_sentence: Johann Breyer (1925 – 2014) was unsuccessfully attempted to denaturalize in the SS.