List of rulers of Hesse
Table of rulers
(Note: Here the numbering of the rulers is the same for all landgraviates, as all were titled Landgraves of Hesse, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers, who here are numbered according to the year of succession.)

List of rulers of Hesse

Section Title: Table of rulers
Table Section Text: (Note: Here the numbering of the rulers is the same for all landgraviates, as all were titled Landgraves of Hesse, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers, who here are numbered according to the year of succession.)

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes

Henry I the Child	24 June 1244	1264-1308	21 December 1308	Hesse	Adelaide of Brunswick-Lüneburg I 1263 seven children Matilda of Cleves 1276 seven children	Son of Henry II of Brabant, founded the House of Hesse.

John I	1278	1308-1311	14 February 1311	Lower Hesse	Adelaide of Brunswick-Lüneburg II 1306 one child	Divided Hesse with his brother.

Otto I the Elder	1272	1308-1311	17 January 1328	Upper Hesse	Adelaide of Ravensberg 1297 Marburg five children	Divided Hesse with his brother. AFter the latter's death with no descendants, he reunited Hesse.

1311-1328	Hesse

Henry II the Iron	1299	1328-1376	3 June 1376	Hesse	Elisabeth of Thuringia 1321 five children	Sons of Otto I, ruled jointly.

Louis I the Junker	1305	1336-1345	2 February 1345	Hesse	Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach 15 October 1340 three children

Herman I the Elder	1305	1336-1370	1370	Hesse	Unmarried'

Otto II the Younger	1322	1336-1366	December 1366	Hesse	Elisabeth of Cleves 1338 no children

Herman II the Learned	1341	1376-1413	24 May 1413	Hesse	Joanna of Nassau-Weilburg 3 February 1377 no children Margaret of Nuremberg 15 October 1383 Kulmbach eight children

Louis II the Peaceful	6 February 1402	1413-1458	17 January 1458	Hesse	Anna of Saxony 8 September 1433 Kassel five children	At is death divided Hesse again.

Louis III the Frank	7 September 1438	1458-1471	8 November 1471	Lower Hesse	Matilda of Württemberg-Urach 1454 four children	Divided Hesse with his brother.

Henry III the Rich	15 October 1440	1458-1483	13 January 1483	Upper Hesse	Anna of Katzenelnbogen 1458 six children	Divided Hesse with his brother.

Louis IV the Younger	November 1461	1474-1478	2 July 1478	Upper Hesse	Unmarried	Ruled jointly with his father, but predeceased him.

William I the Elder	4 July 1466	1471-1493	8 February 1515	Lower Hesse	Anna of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 17 February 1488 Münden five children	Didn't have male heirs. Abdicated in 1493 and his possession passed to his brother, also named William.

William II the Younger	8 September 1471	1483-1500	17 February 1500	Upper Hesse	Elisabeth of the Palatinate 12 February 1496 Heidelberg no children	Died without heirs.

William III the Middle	Wilhelm II. von Hessen.JPG	29 April 1469	1493-1500	11 July 1509	Lower Hesse	Yolande of Vaudémont 9 November 1497 one child Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 20 October 1500 Kassel three children	In 1500 reunited Hesse after the death of his cousin William II.

1500-1509	Hesse

Philip I the Magnanimous	Wartburg-Philipp.von.Hessen.JPG	13 November 1504	1509-1567	31 March 1567	Hesse	Christine of Saxony 11 December 1523 Kassel ten children Margarethe von der Saale 14 March 1540 Rotenburg (bigamous and morganatic) nine children	After his death Hesse was divided between his legitimate sons.

William IV the Wise	-	24 June 1532	1567-1592	25 August 1592	Hesse-Kassel	Sabine of Württemberg 11 February 1566 Marburg eleven children	Received Hesse-Kassel from his father.

Louis V the Elder	LudwigIVHessMarb.JPG	27 May 1537	1567-1604	9 October 1604	Hesse-Marburg	Hedwig of Württemberg 10 May 1563 Stuttgart no children Maria of Mansfeld 4 July 1591 Marburg no children	Received Hesse-Marburg from his father. At his death without heirs his lands were divided between his brothers.

Philip II the Younger	22 April 1541	1567-1583	20 November 1583	Hesse-Rheinfels	Anna Elisabeth of Palatinate-Simmern 18 January 1569 Heidelberg no children	Received Hesse-Rheinfels from his father. At his death without heirs his lands were divided between his brothers.

George I the Pious	-	10 September 1547	1567-1596	7 February 1596	Hesse-Darmstadt	Magdalene of Lippe 17 August 1572 Kassel ten children Eleonora of Württemberg 25 May 1589 one child	Received Hesse-Darmstadt from his father.

Maurice I the Learned	-	25 May 1572	1592-1632	15 March 1632	Hesse-Kassel	Agnes of Solms-Laubach 23 September 1593 Kassel four children Juliane of Nassau-Dillenburg 22 May 1603 Dillenburg fourteen children

Louis VI the Faithful	-	24 September 1577	1596-1626	27 July 1626	Hesse-Darmstadt	Magdalene of Brandenburg 5 June 1598 Berlin eleven children

Philip III	26 December 1581	1609-1643	28 April 1643	Hesse-Darmstadt-Butzbach	Anna Margaretha von Diepholz 29 July 1610 Darmstadt no children Christina Sophia of East Frisia 2 June 1632 Aurich no children	Received Hesse-Darmstadt-Butzbach from his father. At his death without surviving heirs, his lands reverted to Hesse-Darmstadt.

Frederick I	-	5 March 1585	1622-1638	9 May 1638	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg 10 August 1622 Butzbach six children	Received Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg from his father, George I.

George II	-	17 March 1605	1626-1661	11 June 1661	Hesse-Darmstadt	Sophia Eleonore of Saxony 1 April 1627 Torgau fifteen children

John II	17 June 1609	1626-1651	1 April 1651	Hesse-Darmstadt-Braubach	Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 30 September 1647 Friedewald no children	Received Hesse-Darmstadt-Braubach from his father, Louis V. At his death without surviving heirs, his lands reverted to Hesse-Darmstadt.

Herman IV	15 August 1607	1627-1658	25 March 1658	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Sophie Juliane of Waldeck 31 December 1633 Waldeck one child Kunigunde Juliane of Anhalt-Dessau 2 February 1642 Weimar no children	Inherited Hesse-Rotenburg from his father.

William V the Stable	-	13 February 1602	1632-1637	21 September 1637	Hesse-Kassel	Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg 21 September 1619 twelve children

Frederick II	-	9 May 1617	1632-1655	24 September 1655	Hesse-Kassel-Eschwege	Eleonora Catherine of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken 8 September 1646 Stockholm six children	Received Hesse-Kassel_Eschwege from his father. At his death without surviving heirs, his lands reverted to Hesse-Kassel.

Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg (regent)	-	29 January 1602	1637-1650	8 August 1651	Hesse-Kassel	William V 21 September 1619 twelve children	Regent on behalf of her son.

William VI	Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0447.tif	23 May 1629	1650-1663	16 July 1663	Hesse-Kassel	Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg 19 July 1649 Cölln seven children

Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg (regent)	30 June 1604	1638-1648	13 August 1667	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Frederick I 10 August 1622 Butzbach six children	Regent on behalf of her son.

William Christoph	-	13 November 1625	1648-1669	27 August 1681	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt 21 April 1650 Darmstadt twelve children Anna Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg 2 April 1665 Lübeck (annulled 1672) no children	Under regency of his mother until 1648. Sold his lands to his brother, George Christian.

Ernest I	-	8 December 1623	1649-1658	2 May 1693	Hesse-Kassel-Rheinfels	Maria Eleonore of Solms-Lich June 1647 Frankfurt two children	Received Hesse-Kassel-Rheinfels from his father. Inherited Rotenburg in 1658, merging Rheinfels in Rotenburg.

1658-1693	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg

Louis VII	Ludvig VI, 1630-78, lantgreve av Hessen-Darmstadt (Salomon Duarte) - Nationalmuseum - 15553.tif	25 January 1630	1661-1678	24 April 1678	Hesse-Darmstadt	Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp 24 November 1650 Gottorp eight children Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 5 December 1666 Gotha eight children

George III	29 September 1632	1661-1676	19 July 1676	Hesse-Itter	Dorothea Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen 5 May 1661 one child Juliane Alexandrine of Leinigen-Heidenheim 21 July 1667 three children	Received Hesse-Darmstadt-Itter from his father, George II. After his death without male heirs, his lands reverted to Hesse-Darmstadt

Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg (regent)	-	14 July 1623	1663-1677	26 June 1683	Hesse-Kassel	William VI 19 July 1649 Cölln seven children

William VII	21 June 1651	1663-1670	21 November 1670	Hesse-Kassel	Unmarried	Under regency of his mother.

Charles I	Karl, 1654-1730, lantgreve av Hessen-Kassel (Georg Engelhard Schröder) - Nationalmuseum - 14774.tif	3 August 1654	1677-1730	23 March 1730	Hesse-Kassel	Maria Amalia of Courland 21 May 1673 Kassel fourteen children

Philip IV	-	14 December 1655	1663-1721	18 June 1721	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Catherine of Solms-Laubach 14 April 1680 eight children	Received from his father, William VI, Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal.

George Christian	Georg Christian von Hessen-Homburg.JPG	13 November 1625	1669-1671	27 August 1681	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Anna Catharina Pogwitsch 11 October 1666 Hamburg no children	Retained his brother's land. Hesse-Homburg became under mortgage to two merchants (1671–1673) and to the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673–1679).

Louis VIII	-	22 June 1658	1678	31 August 1678	Hesse-Darmstadt	Unmarried

Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (regent)	ElisaDoroSaGoHeDa.JPG	25 January 1630	1678-1688	24 April 1678	Hesse-Darmstadt	Louis VI 5 December 1666 Gotha eight children

Ernest Louis I	-	15 December 1667	1688-1739	12 September 1739	Hesse-Darmstadt	Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach 1 December 1687 Darmstadt five children

Frederick III	Der Prinz von Homburg.jpeg	13 November 1625	1679-1708	27 August 1681	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Margareta Brahe 12 May 1661 Stockholm no children Louise Elisabeth of Courland 23 October 1670 Cölln twelve children Sophie Sybille of Leiningen-Westerburg 1691 three children	The land returned to the Hesse-Homburg-branch in 1679.

William VIII the Elder	15 May 1648	1693-1725	20 November 1725	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim 3 March 1669 Rochefort eight children

Charles II	19 July 1649	1700-1711	3 March 1711	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg-Wanfried	Sophie Magdalene of Salm-Reifferscheid before 1675 five children Alexandrine Juliane of Leiningen-Dagsburg before 1703 eleven children	Received from his father, Ernest of Hesse-Rheinfels, Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg-Wanfried

Frederick IV Jacob	-	19 May 1673	1708-1746	8 June 1746	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Elisabeth Dorothea of Hesse-Darmstadt 14 February 1700 Butzbach nine children Christiane Charlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler 17 October 1728 Saarbrücken no children

William IX the Younger	25 August 1671	1711-1731	1 April 1731	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg-Wanfried	Ernestine of the Palatinate-Sulzbach 19 September 1719 no children	Left no heirs. His lands were inherited by his brother, Christian.

Charles III	23 September 1682	1721-1770	8 May 1770	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Caroline Christine of Saxe-Eisenach 24 November 1725 Eisenach five children

William X	-	1 April 1692	1721-1761	13 May 1761	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Charlotte Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 31 October 1724 Hoym fifteen children	Received from his father, Philip IV, Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.

Ernest II Leopold	-	15 June 1684	1725-1749	29 November 1749	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim 9 November 1704 Frankfurt ten children

Frederick V	-	28 April 1676	1730-1751	5 April 1751	Hesse-Kassel	Louise Dorothea of Prussia 31 May 1700 Berlin no children Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden 24 March 1715 Stockholm no children	Also King of Sweden. Left no heirs. Hesse-Kassel under the regency of his brother, William, later Landgrave William VIII.

Christian	17 July 1689	1731-1755	21 October 1755	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg-Wanfried	Maria Franziska of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein c.1730 no children	Left no heirs. His lands reverted to Hesse-Rotenburg.

Louis IX	Landgraf Ludwig VIII. von Hessen-Darmstadt.JPG	5 April 1691	1739-1768	17 October 1768	Hesse-Darmstadt	Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg 5 April 1717 Hanau six children

Frederick VI Charles	15 April 1724	1746-1751	7 February 1751	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Ulrike Louise of Solms-Braunfels 10 October 1746 Hungen two children	Nephew of Frederick IV.

Constantine	24 May 1716	1749-1778	30 December 1778	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Sophia von Starhemberg 1745 eleven children Jeanne Henriette de Bombelles 27 May 1775 no children

William XI	-	10 March 1682	1751-1760	1 February 1760	Hesse-Kassel	Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz 27 September 1717 Zeitz three children	Brother of Frederick V; already regent from 1730

Ulrike Louise of Solms-Braunfels (regent)	1 May 1731	1751-1766	12 September 1792	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Frederick IV Charles 10 October 1746 Hungen two children	Regent on behalf of her son, Frederick.

Frederick VII	-	30 January 1748	1766-1820	20 January 1820	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt 27 September 1768 Darmstadt eleven children	Between 1806 and 1815 the Landgraviate was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

Frederick VIII	-	14 August 1720	1760-1785	31 October 1785	Hesse-Kassel	Mary of Great Britain 8 May 1740 London (by proxy) 28 June 1740 Kassel (in person) four children Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt 10 January 1773 Berlin no children

Frederick IX	1727	1761-1777	1777	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Sophia Henrietta of Salm-Grunbach 1772 no children	Left no heirs. His brother Adolf inherited the land.

Louis X	Ludwig IX von Hessen-Darmstadt.JPG	15 December 1719	1768-1790	6 April 1790	Hesse-Darmstadt	Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken 12 August 1741 Zweibrücken eight children

William XII	-	29 August 1726	1770-1806	8 August 1810	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Ulrika Eleonora of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld 22 June 1755 Tournai nine children	Between 1806 and 1813 the Landgraviate was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

Adolph I	-	29 June 1743	1777-1803	17 July 1803	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Louise of Saxe-Meiningen 18 October 1781 Meiningen six children

Charles Emmanuel	5 June 1746	1778-1806	23 March 1812	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Leopoldina of Liechtenstein 1 September 1771 Felsberg two children	Between 1806 and 1813 the Landgraviate was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

William XIII	-	3 June 1743	1785-1807 1813-1821	27 February 1821	Hesse-Kassel Electorate of Hesse Kassel	Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark 1 September 1764 Copenhagen four children	Created Prince-elector of Hesse as His Royal and Serene Highness in 1803. Between 1807 and 1813 the Grand-Duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

Louis XI	Ludwik I, Wielki Książę Hesji-Darmstadt.JPG	14 June 1753	1790-1830	6 April 1830	Hesse-Darmstadt Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt	Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 19 February 1777 Darmstadt seven children	Created Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806.

Charles IV	-	27 June 1784	1803-1854	17 July 1854	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Auguste of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 19 July 1816 Öhringen two children Sophie of Bentheim and Steinfurt 10 September 1823 Steinfurt four children	Between 1806 and 1813 the Landgraviate was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

Louis XII	-	29 August 1726	1813-1816	8 August 1810	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Marie Franziska Berghe of Trips 21 January 1791 Susteren two children	Landgraviate recovered in 1813 by the hand of the Elector of Hesse.

Victor Amadeus	-	2 September 1779	1813-1834	12 November 1834	Hesse-Kassel-Rotenburg	Leopoldine of Fürstenberg 20 October 1799 Prague no children Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 10 September 1812 Langenburg one child Eleonora of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim and Gerlachsheim 19 November 1831 Gerlachsheim no children	In 1834, Hesse-Rotenburg reunited with Hesse-Kassel.

Ernest Constantine	-	8 August 1771	1816-1849	25 December 1849	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Louise of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 10 April 1796 Rudolstadt five children Caroline of Hesse-Philippsthal 17 February 1812 Kassel two children	Landgraviate recovered in 1813 by the hand of the Elector of Hesse.

Frederick X	-	30 July 1769	1820-1829	2 April 1829	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Elizabeth of the United Kingdom 7 April 1818 London no children	Left no heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

William XIV	-	28 July 1777	1821-1847	20 November 1847	Electorate of Hesse Kassel	Augusta of Prussia 13 February 1797 Berlin six children Emilie Ortlöpp 8 July 1841 (morganatic) eight children Caroline of Berlepsch 8 July 1841 Hanau (morganatic) no children

Louis William	29 August 1770	1829-1839	19 January 1839	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Augusta Amalia of Nassau-Usingen 1804 (annulled 1805) no children	Left no heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

Louis XIII	-	26 December 1777	1830-1848	16 June 1848	Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt	Wilhelmine of Baden 19 June 1804 Karlsruhe seven children

Philip V	-	11 March 1779	1839-1846	15 December 1846	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Rosalie Antonie Pototschnig 1838 (morganatic) no children	Left no heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

Gustav	17 February 1781	1846-1848	8 September 1848	Hesse-Darmstadt-Homburg	Louise of Anhalt-Dessau 12 February 1818 Dessau three children	Left no male heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

Frederick William	-	20 August 1802	1847-1866	6 January 1875	Electorate of Hesse Kassel	Gertrude von Hanau 26 June 1831 (morganatic) nine children	In 1866 the Electorate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

Louis XIV	-	9 June 1806	1848-1877	13 June 1877	Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt	Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria 26 December 1833 Munich no children Magdalene of Hochstadten 1868 (morganatic) no children

Ferdinand	-	26 April 1783	1848-1866	24 March 1866	Hesse-Homburg	Unmarried	Left no male heirs. At his death the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg was briefly added to the territory of Louis III (Hesse-Darmstadt) before being annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia later in 1866.

Charles V	22 May 1803	1849-1866	12 February 1868	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal	Marie of Württemberg 9 October 1845 Pokój two children	In 1866 the Landgraviate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

Alexis I	-	13 September 1829	1854-1866	16 August 1905	Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Louise of Prussia 17 June 1854 Berlin no children	In 1866 the Landgraviate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

Louis XV	-	12 September 1837	1877-1892	13 March 1892	Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt	Alice of the United Kingdom 1 July 1862 East Cowes seven children Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska 30 April 1884 Darmstadt (morganatic, annulled 1884) no children

Ernest Louis II	-	25 November 1868	1892-1918	9 October 1937	Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt	Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 19 April 1894 Coburg (annulled 21 December 1901) two children Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich 2 February 1905 Darmstadt two children	Deposed in 1918, at the end of World War I.

Sentence(s)

Adolph was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1777.

final_sentence: Adolph was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1777.