List of Earth observation satellites
Scientific research
The invention of climate research through the use of satellite remote telemetry began in the 1960s through development of space probes to study other planets.

List of Earth observation satellites

Section Title: Scientific research
Table Section Text: The invention of climate research through the use of satellite remote telemetry began in the 1960s through development of space probes to study other planets.

Name	Status	Agency	Launch	Description

ACRIMSAT	Contact lost December 2013	NASA	1999	studies sun's infrared to ultraviolet output.

Aqua	Active	NASA	2002	carries six instruments to observe interactions among the four sphere's for earth's systems: oceans, land, atmosphere, and biosphere.

AQUARIUS	Mission ended June 2015 due to satellite power supply failure	NASA & Space Agency of Argentina	2011	instrument on board SAC-D spacecraft measured salt concentrations in ocean surface needed to understand heat transport and storage in the ocean.[1]

AURA	Active	NASA	2004	studies earth's ozone, air quality, and climate though observation of composition, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphere.

CALIPSO	Active	NASA	2006	studies thickness of clouds and aerosols for understanding of how much air pollution is present and changes in compositions in the atmosphere.

CloudSat	Active	NASA/Canada	2006	monitors the state of earth's atmosphere and weather through radar, which can be used to predict which clouds produce rain, observe snowfall, and monitor the moisture content of clouds.

Deep Space Climate Observatory	Active	NASA	2015	To study the Sun-lit side of Earth from the L1 Lagrange point

EarthCARE	Planned	ESA/JAXA	2018	EarthCARE - Study of clouds and aerosols.

Earth Observing-1 (NMP)	Retired	NASA	2001	carrying land-imaging technology, used to demonstrate new instruments and spacecraft systems for future missions. Retired on 30 March 2017.

Global Precipitation Measurement	Active	NASA/JAXA	2014	studies global precipitation.

GLORY	Launch Failure	NASA	2011	studies aerosols, including black carbon, in addition to solar irradiance for the long-term effects.

GOES I - M	Active	NASA	2001	monitors and forecasts weather for NOAA.

GRACE	Retired	NASA and German Space Agency	2002	observes and measures earth's gravitational field, which may help determining the shape and composition of the planet's distribution of water and ice.

GRACE-2	Retired	NASA	2002	Measures Earth's gravity field in order to track large scale water movement.

GRACE-FO	Active	NASA	2018	Gravity and climate. The mission will track changes in global sea levels, glaciers, and ice sheets, as well as large lake and river water levels, and soil moisture.

ICESat	Active	NASA	2003	keeps track of size and thickness of earth's ice sheets.

Jason-1	Retired	CNES/NASA	2001	uses a radar altimeter to monitor ocean surface height.

Jason-2	Active	CNES/NASA	2008	uses a radar altimeter to monitor ocean surface height.

Jason-3	Active	CNES/NASA	2016	uses a radar altimeter to monitor ocean surface height.

LAGEOS 1&2	Active	NASA	1976	LAGEOS 1 launched in 1976, LAGEOS 2, launched in 1992 used for orbiting benchmark for geodynamical studies.

Landsat-7	Active	NASA	1999	takes digital images of earth's coastal areas with global coverage on a seasonal basis.

Landsat 8	Active	NASA	2013	takes digital images of earth's coastal areas with global coverage on a seasonal basis.

Proba-V	Active	ESA	2013	V stands for Vegetation: to continue the traditional Vegetation products (1 km x 1 km) started with SPOT (free data for scientific purposes) [2]

QuikSCAT	Active	NASA	1997	monitors weather using bursts of microwaves which measure wind speeds.

SEASTAR (SEAWIFS)	Active	NASA	1997	designed to monitor the color of earth's oceans.

SMAP	Active with partial failure	NASA	2015	Measures soil moisture and its freeze/thaw state, which enhance understanding of processes that link water, energy, and carbon cycles to extend the capabilities of weather and climate models.

SORCE	Active	NASA	2003	monitors total output from the sun for understanding of earth's absorption of radiation energy.

SWOT	Planned	NASA	2021	Measures sea surface heights and terrestrial water heights.[3]

TERRA	Active	NASA/Canada/Japan	1999	carries five instruments to observe the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their interactions with solar radiation and with one another.

TRMM	Retired	NASA/JAXA	1997	carries give instruments which uses radar and sensors of visible infrared light to closely monitor precipitation.

CLARREO	Proposed	NASA	Measures spectrally resolved Earth's reflectance and emitted radiation, and radio occultation derived refractivity; establishes on-orbit calibration reference; benchmarks and attributes change of climate.

ICESat-2	Planned	NASA	2018	Measure ice sheet height changes for climate change diagnoses.

DESDynI	Proposed	NASA	Measures surface and ice sheet deformation to determine natural hazards of climate.

HyspIRI	Proposed	NASA	Monitors land surface composition for agriculture and mineral characterization for ecosystem health.

ASCENDS	Proposed	NASA	Measures the number density of CO2 in a column of beneath the craft in addition to ambient temperature and pressure.

SWOT	Proposed	NASA	Tracks ocean, lake, river levls.

GEO-CAPE	Proposed	NASA	Monitors atmospheric gas columns for air-quality forecasts.

ACE	Proposed	NASA	Using lidar, creates aerosol and cloud profiles.

LIST	Proposed	NASA	Measure surface topography to look for landslide hazard and water runoffs.

PATH	Proposed	NASA	Performs high-frequency, all-weather and humidity soundings for weather forecastings.

SCLP	Proposed	NASA	Measures snow accumulation for fresh water availability.

GACM	Proposed	NASA	Monitors ozone and related gases for intercontinental air quality and stratospheric ozone layer prediction.

3D-Winds	Proposed	NASA	Monitor tropospheric winds for weather forecasting and pollution transport.

Sentence(s)

The CLARREO mission is intended in orbit to attribute Earth's climate change.

final_sentence: The CLARREO mission is intended in orbit to attribute Earth's climate change.