List of HVDC projects
Europe
List of HVDC links in Lithuania ² As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations. ³ Caithness Moray HVDC will serve a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map ⁴ Contracts due to be placed in 2016.

List of HVDC projects

Section Title: Europe
Table Section Text: List of HVDC links in Lithuania ² As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations. ³ Caithness Moray HVDC will serve a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map ⁴ Contracts due to be placed in 2016.

Name	Converter station 1	Converter station 2	Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km)	Volt (kV)	Power (MW)	Year	Type	Remarks	Ref

Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission	Germany - Miesbach	Germany - Munich	58 (0/58)	2	0.0025	1882	Single machine	Demonstration facility Dismantled

Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme	Italy - Gorzente River	Italy - Genoa	?	6	?	1889	Thury	Upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km Dismantled

La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme	Switzerland - ?	Switzerland - ?	?	14	?	1897	Thury	Dismantled

St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme	Switzerland - St. Maurice	Switzerland - Lausanne	?	22	3.7	1899	Thury	Dismantled

Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme	France - Lyon	France - Moutiers	200 (10/190)	75	30	1906	Thury	Dismantled in 1936

Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme	UK - Wilesden	UK - Ironbridge	?	100	?	1910	Thury	Dismantled

Chambéry DC transmission scheme	France - ?	France - ?	?	150	?	1925	Thury	Dismantled in 1937

HVDC Zurich-Wettingen	Switzerland - Wettingen 47°27′25″N 8°19′15″E / 47.45694°N 8.32083°E	Switzerland - Zurich	20 (0/20)	50	0.5	1939	Merc	Experimental facility built by BBC Dismantled

HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit	Germany - Berlin-Moabit	Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg	4.6 (0/4.6)	100	14	1942	Merc	Experimental facility built by Siemens Dismantled in 1945

Lehrte-Misburg HVDC	Germany - Lehrte 52°22′54″N 9°55′03″E / 52.38167°N 9.91750°E	Germany - Hannover/Misburg	?	80	16	1944	Merc	Experimental facility Dismantled

Elbe-Project	Germany, Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E	Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E	115 (115/0)	200	60	1945	Merc	Never placed in service Dismantled

HVDC Trollhättan-Mellerud	Sweden - Trollhättan	Sweden - Mellerud	50 (0/50)	45	6.5	1946	Merc	Experimental facility built by ASEA Dismantled

Moscow–Kashira	Russia - Moscow 55°39′32″N 37°38′16″E / 55.65889°N 37.63778°E	Russia - Kashira	100 (100/0)	200	30	1951	Merc	Built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project Shut down

Gotland 1	Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E	Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E	98 (98/0)	200	20	1954	Merc	World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986

Cross-Channel	France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E	UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E	64 (64/0)	100	160	1961	Merc	Shut down in 1984

Volgograd-Donbass	Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E	Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E	475 (0/475)	400	750	1965	Merc/Thyr	Shut down in 2014

Konti-Skan 1	Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E	Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E	176 (87/89)	250	250	1965	Merc	Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors

SACOI 1	Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E)	France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E	483 (365/118)	200	200	1965	Merc	Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme

Kingsnorth	UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E	UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W	85 (85/0)	266	320	1975	Merc	Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987

Kingsnorth	UK - Kingsnorth	UK - London-Willesden 51°32′03″N 0°15′29″W / 51.53417°N 0.25806°W	111 (111/0)	266	320	1975	Merc	Opposite pole of Kingsnorth - Beddington. Cable wholly underground except for Thames crossing - crossed on upstream side of Putney District line railway bridge

Skagerrak 1 + 2	Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E	Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E	230 (130/100)	250	500	1977	Thyr	Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007

Gotland 2	Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E	Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E	99.5 (92.9/6.6)	150	130	1983	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Interconnexion France Angleterre (new)	France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E	UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E	72 (72/0)	270	2000	1986	Thyr	2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom

Gotland 3	Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E	Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E	98 (98/0)	150	130	1987	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Konti-Skan 2	Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E	Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E	147 (87/60)	285	300	1988	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Fenno-Skan	Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E	Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E	233 (200/33)	400	500	1989	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

SACOI 2	Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E)	France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E	422 (118/304)	200	300	1992	Thyr	Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom

Skagerrak 3	Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E	Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E	230 (130/100)	350	440	1993	Thyr	Supplier: Nexans ABB

Baltic Cable	Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E	Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E	262 (250/12)	450	600	1994	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Kontek	Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E	Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E	170 (170/0)	400	600	1996	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Hellsjön-Grängesberg	Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E	Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E	10 (0/10)	180	3	1997	IGBT	Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB

Visby-Nas	Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E	Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E	70 (70/0)	80	50	1999	Thyr

SwePol	Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E	Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E	245 (245/0)	450	600	2000	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

Tjæreborg	Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E	Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E	4.3 (4.3/0)	9	7	2000	IGBT	Interconnection to wind power generating stations

Italy-Greece	Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E	Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E	310 (200/110)	400	500	2001	Thyr

Moyle	UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W	UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W	63.5 (63.5/0)	250	500	2001	Thyr	Supplier: Siemens, Nexans

HVDC Troll	Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E	Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E	70 (70/0)	60	80	2004	IGBT	Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB

Estlink	Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E	Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E	105 (105/0)	150	350	2006	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

NorNed	Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E	Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E	580 (580/0)	450	700	2008	Thyr	Supplier: ABB, Nexans

BritNed	UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E	Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E	245 (245/0)	450	1000	2010	Thyr	Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens

StoreBælt	Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E	Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E	56 (56/0)	400	600	2010	Thyr	Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens

Cometa	Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W	Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E	247 (247/0)	250	400	2011	Thyr	Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables)

Fenno-Skan 2	Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E	Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E	303 (200/103)	500	800	2011	Thyr

SAPEI	Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E	Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E	435 (435/0)	500	1000	2011	Thyr	The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB

Valhall HVDC	Norway - Lista 58°04′37″N 6°46′29″E / 58.07694°N 6.77472°E	Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform	292 (292/0)	150	78	2011	IGBT	Supplier: ABB, Nexans

BorWin1	Germany - Diele	Germany - BorWin Alpha platform	200 (200/0)	±150	400	2012	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

East West Interconnector	Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W	UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W	130 (130/0)	±200	500	2012	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

Fenno-Skan 1 Upgrade	Finland - Rauma	Sweden - Finnböle	233 (200/33)	400	500	2013	Thyr	Upgrade Supplier:ABB

Estlink 2	Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E	Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E	171 (157/14)	450	650	2014	Thyr	Supplier: Siemens, Nexans

ÅL-link	Finland - Naantali (sv:Nådendal) 60°27′49″N 22°03′49″E / 60.46361°N 22.06361°E	Åland - Ytterby	158 (158/0)	80	100	2015	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

BorWin2	Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E	Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E	200 (200/0)	±300	800	2015	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens

DolWin1	Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E	Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E	165 (165/0)	±320	800	2015	IGBT	Supplier:ABB

HelWin1	Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E	Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E	130 (130/0)	±250	576	2015	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens

HelWin2	Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E	Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E	130 (130/0)	±320	690	2015	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens

INELFE	France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E	Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E	64 (64/0)	±320	2000	2015	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8 km tunnel near HSR

LitPol Link HVDC is B2B	Lithuania - Alytus	Poland - Elk	160 (0/160)	70	500	20152	Thyr	Supplier: ABB

NordBalt	Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E	Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E	450 (450/0)	300	700	2015	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

Skagerrak 4	Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E	Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E	244 (244/0)	500	700	2015	IGBT	Suppliers: Nexans, ABB

SylWin1	Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E	Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E	205 (205/0)	±320	864	2015	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens

Troll A 3&4	Norway - Kollsnes	Norway - Troll A 3&4 platform	70 (70/0)	66	100	2015	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

DolWin2	Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E	Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E	135 (135/0)	±320	900	2016	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

SydVästlänken	Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E	Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E	260 (197/63)	±300	2x720	2016	IGBT	Supplier: Alstom

DolWin3	Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E	Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E	160 (160/0)	±320	900	2017	IGBT	Supplier: Alstom

HVDC MON.ITA Project	Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E	Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E	415 (415/0)	±500	1000	2017	Thyr	Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables).

Western HVDC Link	UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W	UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W	422 (422/0)	600	2200	2017-18	Thyr	Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens First subsea 600kV link

Caithness Moray HVDC3	UK - Spittal	UK - Blackhillock	160	320	1200	2018	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

BorWin3	Germany - Diele	Germany - BorWin Gamma platform	200 (200/0)	±320	900	2019	IGBT	Supplier: Siemens

COBRAcable	Denmark - Endrup via Fanø	Nederlands - Eemshaven	325	±320	700	20194	Cost € 449m

ElecLink	France - Les Mandarins	UK - Sellindge	70	320	1000	2019	In the Channel Tunnel Cost €580m

France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel	France, Grand-Île	Italy, Piossasco	190	±320	2x600	2019	IGBT	Supplier: Alstom (converter stations); Prysmian (cables).

Nemo Link	Belgium - near Bruges	UK - Richborough Energy Park	140 (140/0)	400	1000	2019	IGBT	Converter stations: Siemens, cables: J-power systems

ALEGrO	Belgium - Visé	Germany - Aachen	100 (100/0)	320	1000	2019-205	IGBT

IFA2	France - Tourbe, Normandie	UK -Pilling, Hampshire	240	400	1000	2020	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

NORD.LINK	Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E	Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E	623 (570/53)	525	1400	2020	IGBT	Supplier: ABB

NSN Link	Norway - Kvilldal	England - Blyth	730	515	1400	2020	IGBT	Supplier: ABB, Prysmian Group, Nexans, MACH 3 Control & Protection

FAB Link	France - Menuel on Cherbourg Peninsula	UK - Exeter via Alderney	1000/1400	2021

Shetland HVDC Connection	UK - Upper Kergord	UK - near Staxigoe	345 (345/0)	300	550/600	20216	Thyr

Western Isles HVDC	UK - Arnish Point near Stornoway	UK - Beauly	156	320	600	20217

EuroAsia Interconnector	Israel via Cyprus and Crete	Greece - Attica	1520	500	2000	2022

NorthConnect	Norway - Simadalen	UK - Peterhead	650	1400	2022

Viking Link	Denmark - Revsing	UK - Bicker Fen	740	1000-1400	2022

EuroAfrica Interconnector	Egypt via Cyprus and Crete	Greece - Attica	1707	500	2000	2021

Eastern HVDC Link	UK - Peterhead	UK - Hawthorn	305	400	2000	2024

Sentence(s)

The NorthConnect is a proposed 650-kilometre (400 mi) 1,400 MW HVDC interconnector.

final_sentence: The NorthConnect is a proposed 650-kilometre (400 mi) 1,400 MW HVDC interconnector.