Cat food
Nutrient chart

Cat food

Section Title: Nutrient chart
Table Section Text: None

Nutrient	Units (Dry Matter Basis)	Growth and reproduction minimum	Adult maintenance minimum	Maximum	Functions	Signs of deficiency/Excess

Protein	%	30.0	26.0

Arginine	%	1.25	1.04	Deficiency Hyperammonemia Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, ataxia, hyperesthesia and can be serious enough to induce death and coma

Histidine	%	0.31	0.31

Isoleucine	%	0.52	0.52

Leucine	%	1.25	1.25

Lysine	%	1.20	0.83

Methionine + cystine	%	1.10	1.10

Methionine	%	0.62	0.62	1.50

Phenylalanine + tyrosine	%	0.88	0.88

Phenylalanine	%	0.42	0.42

Threonine	%	0.73	0.73

Tryptophan	%	0.25	0.16

Valine	%	0.62	0.62

Fat	%	9.0	9.0

Linoleic acid	%	0.5	0.5

Arachidonic acid	%	0.02	0.02	Liver health Kidney health Adrenal gland health Skin health	Deficiency Lack of inflammatory response Improper blood clotting Malfunction of reproductive and gastrointestinal systems Thickening of skin

Minerals

Calcium	%	1.0	0.6	Formation of bones and teeth Blood coagulation Nerve impulse transmission Muscle contraction Cell signaling	Deficiency Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism loss of bone mineral content, which can lead to collapse and curvature of lumbar vertebrae and pelvic bones bone pain, which can progress to pathological fractures Excess Depressed food intake Decreased growth Increased bone mineral density Increased need for magnesium

Phosphorus	%	0.8	0.5	Skeletal structure DNA and RNA structure Energy metabolism Locomotion Acid-base balance	Deficiency Hemolytic anemia Locomotor disturbances Metabolic acidosis

Potassium	%	0.6	0.6	Acid-base balance Nerve-impulse transmission Enzymatic reactions Transport functions	Deficiency Anorexia Retarded growth Neurological disorders, including ataxia and severe muscle weakness

Sodium	%	0.2	0.2	Acid-base balance Regulation of osmotic pressure Nerve impulse generation and transmission	Deficiency Anorexia Impaired growth Excessive thirst and drinking Excessive urination

Chlorine / Chloride	%	0.3	0.3	Acid-base balance Osmolarity of extracellular fluids	Deficiency Increased sodium concentration in renal fluid Excess potassium excretion

Magnesium	%	0.08	0.04	Enzyme functions Muscle and nerve-cell membrane stability Hormone secretion and function Mineral structure of bones and teeth	Deficiency Poor growth Overextension of the carpal joints Muscle twitching Convulsions Excess Urinary tract stone formation in the presence of high pH

Iron	mg/kg	80.0	80.0	Hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis Energy metabolism	Deficiency Poor growth Pale mucous membranes Lethargy Weakness Diarrhea Excess Vomiting and diarrhea

Copper (extruded food)	mg/kg	15.0	5.0	Connective tissue formation Iron metabolism Blood cell formation Melanin pigment formation Myelin formation Defense against oxidative damage	Deficiency Reduced weight gain Longer time to conceive

Copper (canned food)	mg/kg	5.0	5.0

Manganese	mg/kg	7.5	7.5	Enzyme functions Bone development Neurological function	No studies of deficiency in cats

Zinc	mg/kg	75.0	75.0	2000.0	Enzyme reactions Cell replication Protein and carbohydrate metabolism Skin function Wound healing	Deficiency Skin lesions Growth retardation Testicular damage

Iodine	mg/kg	0.35	0.35	Thyroid hormone synthesis Cell differentiation Growth and development of puppies Regulation of metabolic rate	Deficiency Enlargement of thyroid glands Excess Excessive tearing, salivation, and nasal discharge Dandruff

Selenium	mg/kg	0.1	0.1	Defense against oxidative damage Immune response	No studies of deficiency in cats

Vitamins

Vitamin A	IU/kg	9000.0	5000.0	750000.0	Vision Growth Immune function Fetal development Cellular differentiation Transmembrane protein transfer	Deficiency Conjunctivitis Cataracts, retinal degeneration, and other eye problems Weight loss Muscle weakness Reproductive and developmental disorders Excess Skeletal lesions in kittens, particularly outgrowths of the cervical vertebrae Osteoporosis

Vitamin D	IU/kg	750.0	500.0	10000.0	Maintenance of mineral status Skeletal structure Muscle contraction Blood clotting Nerve conduction Cell signaling Phosphorus balance	Deficiency Rickets Abnormalities in skeletal development Progressive paralysis Ataxia Lack of grooming Reduction in body weight and food intake Excess Anorexia Vomiting Lethargy Calcification of soft tissues

Vitamin E	IU/kg	30.0	30.0	Defense against oxidative damage via free radical scavenging	Deficiency Anorexia Depression Pain sensitivity in abdomen Fat tissue pathology

Vitamin K	mg/kg	0.1	0.1	Activation of clotting factors, bone proteins, and other proteins	Deficiency Prolonged blood clotting times Hemorrhaging

Vitamin B1 / Thiamine	mg/kg	5.0	5.0	Energy and carbohydrate metabolism Activation of ion channels in neural tissue	Deficiency Neurological impairments including altered reflexes and convulsive seizures Heart-rate disorders Pathological changes in the central nervous system Severe learning deficits

Riboflavin	mg/kg	4.0	4.0	Enzyme functions	Deficiency Cataracts Fatty livers Testicular atrophy

Pantothenic acid	mg/kg	5.0	5.0	Energy metabolism	Deficiency Stunted growth Fatty changes in liver Small bowel lesions

Niacin	mg/kg	60.0	60.0	Enzyme functions	Deficiency Anorexia Weight loss Elevated body temperature Fiery red tongue, with ulceration and congestion

Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine	mg/kg	4.0	4.0	Glucose generation Red blood cell function Niacin synthesis Nervous system function Immune response Hormone regulation Gene activation	Deficiency Stunted growth Convulsive seizures Kidney lesions

Folic Acid	mg/kg	0.8	0.8	Amino acid and nucleotide metabolism Mitochondrial protein synthesis	Deficiency Decreased growth rate increased iron levels in blood

Biotin	mg/kg	0.07	0.07	Supports both pregnancy and lactation Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism Maintenance of blood glucose	Deficiency Weight loss Secretions from the nose, mouth (saliva) and eyes begin to dry out Alopecia Dermatitis around the mouth

Vitamin B12	mg/kg	0.02	0.02	Enzyme functions	Deficiency Weight loss Vomiting Diarrhea Intestinal disorders

Choline	mg/kg	2400.0	2400.0	Deficiency Fatty liver in kittens Lower motivation to eat in kittens Decreased growth rate in kittens

Taurine (extruded food)	%	0.10	0.10	Vision Digestion Heart muscle function Normal pregnancy Fetal development Immunity	Deficiency Cardiovascular and reproductive problems Developmental problems in the central nervous system Retinal degeneration

Taurine (canned food)	%	0.20	0.20	Vision Digestion Heart muscle function Normal pregnancy Fetal development Immunity	Deficiency Cardiovascular and reproductive problems Developmental problems in the central nervous system Retinal degeneration

Nutrient	Units (Dry Matter Basis)	Growth and Reproduction Minimum	Adult Maintenance Minimum	Maximum	Functions	Signs of Deficiency/Excess

NOTES Presumes an energy density of 4.0 kcal/g ME, based on the modified Atwater values of 3.5, 8.5, and 3.5 kcal/g for protein, fat, and carbohydrate (nitrogen-free extract, NFE), respectively.

Sentence(s)

Biotin is at a minimum level of 0.07 mg/kg on a dry matter basis throughout all stages.

final_sentence: Biotin is at a minimum level of 0.07 mg/kg on a dry matter basis throughout all stages.