List of artificial whitewater courses
The first whitewater slalom race took place on the Aar River in Switzerland in 1933. The early slalom courses were all set in natural rivers, but when whitewater slalom became an Olympic sport for the first time, at the 1972 Munich Games, the venue was the world's first concrete-channel artificial whitewater course, the Eiskanal in Augsburg.

List of artificial whitewater courses

Section Title:
Table Section Text: The first whitewater slalom race took place on the Aar River in Switzerland in 1933. The early slalom courses were all set in natural rivers, but when whitewater slalom became an Olympic sport for the first time, at the 1972 Munich Games, the venue was the world's first concrete-channel artificial whitewater course, the Eiskanal in Augsburg.

Slope	Streamflow

Date	Course Name	Location	Water Source	Power Source	Shape	ft/mi (m/km)	cu ft/s (m³/s)	Comment

Australia

2000	Penrith Whitewater Stadium	Penrith	Penrith Lakes	Pumped	Loop	91 (17)	494 (14)	2000 Olympics Sydney

Austria

2013	Vienna Watersports Arena	Vienna	New Danube	Pumped	Loop	79 (15)	424 (12)	48°11′36″N 16°27′43″E / 48.1934°N 16.4619°E

Brazil

2006	Itaipu Slalom Course	Foz do Iguaçu	Itaipu Lake, Paraná River	Flow diversion & Pumped	Loop	115 (22)	441 (13)	25°25′55″S 54°34′52″W / 25.432°S 54.581°W

2015	Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium	Rio de Janeiro	city water	Pumped	2 Loops	95 (18)	420 (12)	22°50′55″S 43°24′09″W / 22.8486°S 43.4026°W 2016 Olympics Rio de Janeiro

Canada

Canoe Meadows Race Course	Kananaskis	Kananaskis River	Dam release, Natural modified	Linear	(27-31) Normal	51°03′18″N 115°01′08″W / 51.054965°N 115.018834°W

Minden Wild Water Preserve	Minden, Ontario	Gull River	Dam release, Natural modified	Riverbed, Maintained	825-1650 (25-50)	2015 Pan-Am Games 44°58′02″N 78°41′03″W / 44.967110°N 78.684042°W

Pumphouse Tailrace	Ottawa	Ottawa River	Flow diversion	Linear	45°25′01″N 75°42′40″W / 45.417°N 75.711°W

Rutherford Whitewater Park	Whistler	Rutherford Creek	Flow diversion	Linear	50°16′26″N 122°52′01″W / 50.274°N 122.867°W

China

2004	Whitewater Stadium of Nanjing	Nanjing	Xuanwu Lake	Pumped	Loop	79 (15)	565 (16)	32°03′54″N 118°48′36″E / 32.065°N 118.81°E

2007	Shunyi Rowing-Canoeing Park	Shunyi	Chaobai River	Pumped	Loop	110 (21)	2008 Olympics Beijing

2007	Xiasi Canoe Slalom Course	Xiasi	Qingshui River	Flow diversion	Linear	102 (19)	424 (12)	26°31′37″N 107°48′14″E / 26.527°N 107.804°E

2007	Rizhao Canoe Slalom Course	Rizhao	Rizhao Harbor	Pumped	Loop	35°25′05″N 119°33′40″E / 35.418°N 119.561°E

Miyi Canoe Slalom Training Base	Miyi	Peace River	Flow diversion	Linear	119 (23)	494 (14)	26°54′22″N 102°07′01″E / 26.906°N 102.117°E

Czech Republic

1983	Prague-Troja Canoeing Centre	Prague-Troja	Vltava River	Flow diversion	Linear	63 (12)	565 (16)	50°06′47″N 14°25′30″E / 50.113°N 14.425°E

Ceske Vrbne Slalom Course	České Budějovice	Vltava River	Flow diversion	Linear	49°00′47″N 14°27′07″E / 49.013°N 14.452°E

1984	Veltrusy Slalom Course	Veltrusy	Vltava River	Flow diversion	Linear	53.50 (10)	353 (10)	50°16′37″N 14°18′54″E / 50.277°N 14.315°E

Trnavka Slalom Course	Zeliv	Zeliv Lake, Trnava Stream	Flow diversion	Linear	86(16)	424(12)	49°31′26″N 15°13′08″E / 49.524°N 15.219°E

Roudnice nad Labem	Roudnice nad Labem	Labe (Elbe) River	Flow diversion	Linear	50°25′44″N 14°15′36″E / 50.429°N 14.260°E

Proposed	Zdiměřice Whitewater Park	Prague-Zdiměřice	Pumped	Loop	49°59′17″N 14°31′41″E / 49.988°N 14.528°E

France

1992	Lannion Whitewater Stadium	Lannion	Leguer River	Flow diversion, Tidal	Linear	47 (9)	530 (15)	48°43′44″N 3°27′32″W / 48.729°N 3.459°W

1992	Parc des Eaux Vives	Huningue	Rhine River	Flow diversion	Loop	75 (14)	353 (10)	47°35′24″N 7°34′55″E / 47.590°N 7.582°E

1993	L'Argentière-la-Bessée	L'Argentière-la-Bessée	Durance River	Natural flow	Riverbed	47 (9)	2470 (70)	44°46′48″N 6°33′36″E / 44.780°N 6.560°E

1996	St Laurent Whitewater Stadium	St Laurent	Scarpe River	Gravity, Pumped	Linear	86 (16)	424 (12)	50°17′53″N 2°48′14″E / 50.298°N 2.804°E

1997	Bourg-Saint-Maurice	Bourg-Saint-Maurice	Isère River	Dam release	Riverbed	184 (35)	883 (25)	45°36′11″N 6°45′58″E / 45.603°N 6.766°E

1997	Nancy Whitewater Stadium	Nancy	Meurthe River	Flow diversion	Linear	72 (14)	706 (20)	48°41′38″N 6°12′04″E / 48.694°N 6.201°E

1999	Cesson-Sévigné Whitewater Stadium	Cesson-Sévigné	Vilaine River	Gravity, Pumped	V-shape	39 (7)	424 (12)	48°06′54″N 1°36′25″W / 48.115°N 1.607°W

2000	Cergy Whitewater Stadium	Cergy	Oise River	Pumped	Loop	103 (20)	565 (16)	49°01′44″N 2°03′07″E / 49.029°N 2.052°E|-

2000	Millau Whitewater Course	Millau	Tarn River	Flow diversion	Linear	31.5 (6)	565 (16)	44°05′36″N 3°04′44″E / 44.0934°N 3.079°E

Saint-Pierre-de-Bœuf-Paradise	Saint-Pierre-de-Bœuf	Rhône River	Flow diversion	Linear	45°22′44″N 4°45′19″E / 45.379°N 4.7554°E

Épinal Slalom Course	Épinal	Moselle River	Flow diversion	Linear	48°10′23″N 6°26′46″E / 48.173°N 6.446°E

Isle de la Serre	Sault-Brénaz	Rhône River	Flow diversion	S-shape	45°50′56″N 5°24′50″E / 45.849°N 5.414°E

Slalom Ardèche	Vallon-Pont-d'Arc	Ardèche River	Flow diversion	Linear	44°23′56″N 4°23′06″E / 44.399°N 4.385°E

2008	Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium	Pau	Gave de Pau	Flow diversion	Loop	94 (18)	494 (14)	43°17′10″N 0°21′29″W / 43.286°N 0.358°W

2008	Châteauneuf Whitewater Sports	Châteauneuf-sur-Cher	Cher River	Diversion, Pumped	110 meter Loop	58 (11)	459 (13)	46°51′22″N 2°19′12″E / 46.856°N 2.320°E

2013	Sainte Suzanne Whitewater Stadium	Sainte Suzanne, Réunion Island	Sainte Suzanne River	Pumped	250 meter loop	63 (12)	420 (12)	20°54′47″S 55°36′54″E / 20.913°S 55.615°E

Germany

1971	Augsburg Eiskanal	Augsburg	Lech River	Flow diversion	Linear	79 (15)	353 (10)	1972 Olympics Munich

2006	Kanupark Markkleeberg	Leipzig	Markkleeberger See	Pumped	2 Loops	111 (21)	494 (14)

Greece

2004	Heleniko Whitewater Stadium	Athens	Gulf of Athens	Pumped	Figure-8	618 (18)	2004 Olympics Athens

2008	Evinos River Slalom Course	Nafpaktos	Evinos River	Diversion	520 meter Linear	53 (10)	530 (15)	38°27′14″N 21°42′29″E / 38.454°N 21.708°E

Italy

2007	Ivrea Whitewater Stadium	Ivrea	Dora Baltea River	Flow diversion	Linear	168 (32)	706 (20)	45°27′50″N 7°52′30″E / 45.464°N 7.875°E

Macedonia

Skopje Slalom Canoeing Center	Skopje	Treska	In stream, Dam release	Linear	41°57′29″N 21°17′46″E / 41.958°N 21.296°E

Mexico

Union de Tula	Union de Tula	Rio Ayuquila	Dam Release	Altered stream	19°57′36″N 104°22′16″W / 19.960°N 104.371°W

Netherlands

2006	Dutch Water Dreams	Zoetermeer	Plas van Poot	Pumped	Loop	88 (17)	572 (16)	52°02′49″N 4°31′16″E / 52.047°N 4.521°E

New Zealand

2015	Vector Wero Whitewater Park	Auckland, New Zealand	Pumped	79 (15)	36°59′53″S 174°53′17″E / 36.998°S 174.888°E

Poland

2003	Krakow-Kolna Canoe Slalom Course	Kraków	Vistula River	Diversion	Linear	50°01′55″N 19°49′30″E / 50.032°N 19.825°E

Russia

2008	Okulovka Whitewater Canal	Okulovka, Novgorod Oblast	Peretna River	Dam release, Natural modified	S-shape	100 (10)	309 (30)	58°24′40″N 33°17′47″E / 58.411°N 33.2965°E

Slovakia

1978	Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course	Liptovský Mikuláš	Vah River	Diversion	Parallel Linear	113 (21)	530 (15)	49°04′26″N 19°37′08″E / 49.074°N 19.619°E

1996	Čunovo Water Sports Centre	Bratislava	Danube River	Diversion	2 Loops	98 (19)	777 (22)

Slovenia

1990	Tacen Whitewater Course	Ljubljana	Sava River	Dam Spillway, Tailrace	Linear	989 (28)

Spain

1991	Segre Olympic Park	La Seu d'Urgell	Segre River	Flow diversion, Pumped	2 Loops	114 (22)	618 (17.5)	1992 Olympics Barcelona

2008	El Canal de Aguas Bravas	Zaragoza	Ebro River	Pumped	Loop	101 (19)	424 (12)	Expo 2008

2012	Parc del Mig Segre	Ponts	Segre River	Dam release, Natural flow	Linear	13 (4)	1272 (36)	300-meter course 41°55′22″N 1°10′58″E / 41.9228°N 1.1829°E

United Arab Emirates

2012	Wadi Adventure	Al Ain	Pumped	3 loops	24°05′46″N 55°44′24″E / 24.096°N 55.740°E

United Kingdom

1982	Cardington Slalom Course	Bedford	River Great Ouse	Flow diversion	Linear	60 (11)	530 (15)	150-meter course 52°07′37″N 0°25′44″W / 52.127061°N 0.428897°W

1986	Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre	Nottingham	River Trent	Flow diversion	Linear	30 (5.7)	883 (25)	500-meter course 52°56′44″N 1°05′27″W / 52.94569°N 1.09074°W

Canolfan Tryweryn	Bala, Gwynedd	Llyn Celyn / Afon Tryweryn	Dam release	Riverbed	350 (10)	1000-meter course 52°56′49″N 3°39′05″W / 52.94705°N 3.65137°W

1999	Nene Whitewater Centre	Northampton	River Nene	Flow diversion, Pumped	Loop	300-meter course 52°13′43″N 0°52′06″W / 52.2285°N 0.8684°W

1995	Tees Barrage International White Water Course	Stockton-on-Tees	River Tees	Flow diversion, Pumped	Loop	53 (10)	353 (10)	250-meter course 54°33′56″N 1°17′08″W / 54.56545°N 1.28565°W

2010	Cardiff International White Water	Cardiff	fully enclosed	Pumped	1½ Loops	565 (16)	250-meter course 51°26′55″N 3°10′55″W / 51.44864°N 3.18186°W

2010	Lee Valley White Water Centre	London	Groundwater	Pumped	2 Loops	88 (17)	460 (13)	2012 Olympics London 51°41′17″N 0°01′00″W / 51.688°N 0.0168°W

2014	Pinkston Watersports	Glasgow	Forth and Clyde Canal	Pumped	2 Loops	79 (15)	247 (7)	100-meter course 55°52′23″N 4°14′56″W / 55.873°N 4.249°W

United States

1984	East Race Waterway	South Bend IN	St. Joseph River	Flow diversion	Linear	33 (6)	500 (14)	41°40′34″N 86°14′42″W / 41.676°N 86.245°W

1991	Dickerson Whitewater Course	Dickerson MD	Potomac River	Pumped	Linear	91 (17)	600 (17)	Heated water

1996	Ocoee Whitewater Center	Ducktown TN	Ocoee River	Dam release	Riverbed	99 (19)	1560 (44)	1996 Olympics Atlanta

2006	U.S. National Whitewater Center	Charlotte NC	city tap water	Pumped	2 Loops	113 (21)	550 (16)

2007	Adventure Sports Center International	McHenry MD	Deep Creek Lake	Pumped	Loop	91 (17)	550 (16)

2016	Riversport Rapids	Oklahoma City OK	city tap water	Pumped	2 Loops	35°27′34″N 97°29′50″W / 35.4594°N 97.4972°W

1974	Wausau Whitewater Park	Wausau WI	Wisconsin River	Dam Release	River Bed	650	44°57′27″N 89°37′59″W / 44.957495°N 89.633055°W

Note: Slope and Streamflow numbers refer only to the 300-meter section used for Olympic-style slalom training and competition.

Sentence(s)

The Eiskanal is one of the artificial whitewater courses.

final_sentence: The Eiskanal is one of the artificial whitewater courses.