Afroasiatic languages
Shared vocabulary
The following are some examples of Afroasiatic cognates, including ten pronouns, three nouns, and three verbs. Source: Christopher Ehret, Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

Afroasiatic languages

Section Title: Shared vocabulary
Table Section Text: The following are some examples of Afroasiatic cognates, including ten pronouns, three nouns, and three verbs. Source: Christopher Ehret, Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

Proto-Afroasiatic	Omotic	Cushitic	Chadic	Egyptian	Semitic	Berber

*Ɂân- / *Ɂîn- or *ân- / *în- ‘I’ (independent pronoun)	*in- ‘I’ (Maji (NOm))	*Ɂâni ‘I’	*nV ‘I’	ink, *ʲānak 'I'	*Ɂn ‘I’	nek / nec ‘I, me’

*i or *yi ‘me, my’ (bound)	i ‘I, me, my’ (Ari (SOm))	*i or *yi ‘my’	*i ‘me, my’ (bound)	i, *-aʲ (1s. suffix)	*-i ‘me, my’	inu / nnu / iw ‘my’

*Ɂǎnn- / *Ɂǐnn- or *ǎnn- / *ǐnn- ‘we’	*nona / *nuna / *nina (NOm)	*Ɂǎnn- / *Ɂǐnn- ‘we’	—	inn, *ʲānan ‘we’	*Ɂnn ‘we’	nekni / necnin / neccin ‘we’

*Ɂânt- / *Ɂînt- or *ânt- / *înt- ‘you’ (sing.)	*int- ‘you’ (sing.)	*Ɂânt- ‘you’ (sing.)	—	nt-, *ʲānt- ‘you’ (sing.)	*Ɂnt ‘you’ (sing.)	netta "he" (keyy / cek "you" (masc. sing.))

*ku, *ka ‘you’ (masc. sing., bound)	—	*ku ‘your’ (masc. sing.) (PSC)	*ka, *ku (masc. sing.)	k (2s. masc. suffix)	ka (2s. masc. suffix) (Arabic)	inek / nnek / -k "your" (masc. sing.)

*ki ‘you’ (fem. sing., bound)	—	*ki ‘your’ (fem. sing.)	*ki ‘you’ (fem. sing.)	ṯ (fem. sing. suffix, < *ki)	ki (2s. fem. sing. suffix) (Arabic)	m / nnem / inem "your" (fem. sing.)

*kūna ‘you’ (plural, bound)	—	*kuna ‘your’ (pl.) (PSC)	*kun ‘you’ (pl.)	ṯn, *-ṯin ‘you’ (pl.)	*-kn ‘you, your’ (fem. pl.)	kent, kennint "you" (fem. pl.)

*si, *isi ‘he, she, it’	*is- ‘he’	*Ɂusu ‘he’, *Ɂisi ‘she’	*sV ‘he’	sw, *suw ‘he, him’, sy, *siʲ ‘she, her’	*-šɁ ‘he’, *-sɁ ‘she’ (MSA)	s / nnes / ines "his/her/its"

*ma, *mi ‘what?’	*ma- ‘what?’ (NOm)	*ma, *mi (interr. root)	*mi, *ma ‘what?’	m ‘what?’, ‘who?’	mā (Arabic, Hebrew) / mu? (Assyrian) ‘what?’	ma? / mayen? / min? "what?"

*wa, *wi ‘what?’	*w- ‘what?’	*wä / *wɨ ‘what?’ (Agaw)	*wa ‘who?’	wy ‘how ...!’	mamek? / mamec? / amek? "how?

*dîm- / *dâm- ‘blood’	*dam- ‘blood’ (Gonga)	*dîm- / *dâm- ‘red’	*d-m- ‘blood’ (West Chadic)	i-dm-i ‘red linen’	*dm / dǝma (Assyrian) / dom (Hebrew) ‘blood’	idammen "bloods"

*îts ‘brother’	*itsim- ‘brother’	*itsan or *isan ‘brother’	*sin ‘brother’	sn, *san ‘brother’	aẖ (Hebrew) "brother"	uma / gʷma "brother"

*sǔm / *sǐm- ‘name’	*sum(ts)- ‘name’ (NOm)	*sǔm / *sǐm- ‘name’	*ṣǝm ‘name’	smi ‘to report, announce’	*ism (Arabic) / shǝma (Assyrian) ‘name’	isen / isem "name"

*-lisʼ- ‘to lick’	litsʼ- ‘to lick’ (Dime (SOm))	—	*alǝsi ‘tongue’	ns, *nīs ‘tongue’	*lsn ‘tongue’	iles "tongue"

*-maaw- ‘to die’	—	*-umaaw- / *-am-w(t)- ‘to die’ (PSom-II)	*mǝtǝ ‘to die’	mwt ‘to die’	*mwt / mawta (Assyrian) ‘to die’	mmet "to die"

*-bǐn- ‘to build, to create; house’	bin- ‘to build, create’ (Dime (SOm))	*mǐn- / *mǎn- ‘house’; man- ‘to create’ (Beja)	*bn ‘to build’; *bǝn- ‘house’	—	*bnn / bani (Assyrian) / bana (Hebrew) ‘to build’	*bn(?) (esk "to build")

Sentence(s)

Afroasiatic languages are divided into Cushitic, Semitic, Chadic, Berber, and Egyptian.

final_sentence: Afroasiatic languages are divided into Cushitic, Semitic, Chadic, Berber, and Egyptian.