Japanese era name
Conversion table
To convert a Japanese year to a Gregorian calendar year, find the first year of the Japanese era name (also called nengō).

Japanese era name

Section Title: Conversion table
Table Section Text: To convert a Japanese year to a Gregorian calendar year, find the first year of the Japanese era name (also called nengō).

Gregorian calendar year	Name of Era	Notes

(AD)	Kanji	Romanization of Japanese

Asuka period (538–710)

498	Earliest date for which recorded shi-nengō are identified; "Unofficial nengō system" section below

645	大化	Taika	Emperor Kōtoku, 645–654.

650	白雉	Hakuchi	also Hakuhō

654	Era not named; see "Non-Nengō periods" section below

686	朱鳥	Shuchō	also Suchō, Akamitori or Akamidori; Emperor Tenmu, 672–686.

686	Era not named; see "Non-Nengō periods" section below

701	大宝	Taihō	also Daihō; Emperor Monmu, 697–707.

704	慶雲	Keiun	also Kyōun; Empress Genmei, 707–715.

708	和銅	Wadō

Nara period (710–794)

715	霊亀	Reiki	Empress Genshō, 715–724.

717	養老	Yōrō

724	神亀	Jinki	also Shinki; Emperor Shōmu, 724–749.

729	天平	Tenpyō	also Tenbyō or Tenhei

749	天平感宝	Tenpyō-kanpō	also Tenbyō-kanpō

749	天平勝宝	Tenpyō-shōhō	also Tenbyō-shōbō or Tenpei-shōhō; Empress Kōken, 749–758.

757	天平宝字	Tenpyō-hōji	also Tenbyō-hōji or Tenpei-hōji; Emperor Junnin, 758–764; Empress Shōtoku, 764–770.

765	天平神護	Tenpyō-jingo	also Tenbyō-jingo or Tenhei-jingo

767	神護景雲	Jingo-keiun

770	宝亀	Hōki	Emperor Kōnin, 770–781.

781	天応	Ten'ō	Emperor Kanmu, 781–806.

782	延暦	Enryaku

Heian period (794–1185)

806	大同	Daidō	Emperor Heizei, 806–809; Emperor Saga, 809–823.

810	弘仁	Kōnin	Emperor Junna, 823–833.

824	天長	Tenchō	Emperor Ninmyō, 833–850.

834	承和	Jōwa	also Shōwa or Sōwa

848	嘉祥	Kashō	also Kajō; Emperor Montoku, 850–858.

851	仁寿	Ninju

854	斉衡	Saikō

857	天安	Ten'an	also Tennan; Emperor Seiwa, 858–876.

859	貞観	Jōgan	Emperor Yōzei, 876–884.

877	元慶	Gangyō	also Gankyō or Genkei; Emperor Kōkō, 884–887.

885	仁和	Ninna	also Ninwa; Emperor Uda, 887–897.

889	寛平	Kanpyō	also Kanpei or Kanbyō or Kanbei or Kanhei; Emperor Daigo, 887–930.

898	昌泰	Shōtai

901	延喜	Engi

923	延長	Enchō	Emperor Suzaku, 930–946.

931	承平	Jōhei	also Shōhei

938	天慶	Tengyō	also Tenkei or Tenkyō; Emperor Murakami, 946–967.

947	天暦	Tenryaku	also Tenreki

957	天徳	Tentoku

961	応和	Ōwa

964	康保	Kōhō	Emperor Reizei, 967–969.

968	安和	Anna	also Anwa; Emperor En'yū, 969–984.

970	天禄	Tenroku

973	天延	Ten'en

976	貞元	Jōgen	also Teigen

978	天元	Tengen

983	永観	Eikan	also Yōkan; Emperor Kazan, 984–986.

985	寛和	Kanna	also Kanwa; Emperor Ichijō, 986–1011.

987	永延	Eien	also Yōen

988	永祚	Eiso	also Yōso

990	正暦	Shōryaku	also Jōryaku or Shōreki

995	長徳	Chōtoku

999	長保	Chōhō

1004	寛弘	Kankō	Emperor Sanjō, 1011–1016.

1012	長和	Chōwa	Emperor Go-Ichijō, 1016–1036.

1017	寛仁	Kannin

1021	治安	Jian	also Chian

1024	万寿	Manju

1028	長元	Chōgen	Emperor Go-Suzaku, 1036–1045.

1037	長暦	Chōryaku	also Chōreki

1040	長久	Chōkyū

1044	寛徳	Kantoku	Emperor Go-Reizei, 1045–1068.

1046	永承	Eishō	also Eijō or Yōjō

1053	天喜	Tengi	also Tenki

1058	康平	Kōhei

1065	治暦	Jiryaku	also Chiryaku

1069	延久	Enkyū	Emperor Go-Sanjō, 1068–1073.

1074	承保	Jōhō	also Shōhō or Shōho; Emperor Shirakawa, 1073–1086.

1077	承暦	Jōryaku	also Shōryaku or Shōreki

1081	永保	Eihō	also Yōhō

1084	応徳	Ōtoku

1087	寛治	Kanji	Emperor Horikawa, 1087–1107.

1094	嘉保	Kahō

1096	永長	Eichō	also Yōchō

1097	承徳	Jōtoku	also Shōtoku

1099	康和	Kōwa

1104	長治	Chōji

1106	嘉承	Kajō	also Kashō or Kasō; Emperor Toba, 1107–1123.

1108	天仁	Tennin

1110	天永	Ten'ei	also Ten'yō

1113	永久	Eikyū	also Yōkyū

1118	元永	Gen'ei

1120	保安	Hōan	Emperor Sutoku, 1123–1142.

1124	天治	Tenji	also Tenchi

1126	大治	Daiji	also Taiji

1131	天承	Tenshō	also Tenjō

1132	長承	Chōshō	also Chōjō

1135	保延	Hōen

1141	永治	Eiji

1142	康治	Kōji	Emperor Konoe, 1142–1155.

1144	天養	Ten'yō	also Tennyō

1145	久安	Kyūan

1151	仁平	Ninpei	also Ninpyō or Ninbyō or Ninhyō or Ninhei

1154	久寿	Kyūju	Emperor Go-Shirakawa, 1155–1158.

1156	保元	Hōgen	also Hogen; Emperor Nijō, 1158–1165.

1159	平治	Heiji	also Byōji

1160	永暦	Eiryaku	also Yōryaku

1161	応保	Ōhō

1163	長寛	Chōkan	also Chōgan

1165	永万	Eiman	also Yōman; Emperor Rokujō, 1165–1168.

1166	仁安	Nin'an	also Ninnan; Emperor Takakura, 1168–1180.

1169	嘉応	Kaō

1171	承安	Jōan	also Shōan

1175	安元	Angen

1177	治承	Jishō	also Jijō or Chishō; Emperor Antoku, 1180–1185.

1181	養和	Yōwa

1182	寿永	Juei	Emperor Go-Toba, 1183–1198.

1184	元暦	Genryaku

Kamakura period (1185–1333)

1185	文治	Bunji	also Monchi

1190	建久	Kenkyū	Emperor Tsuchimikado, 1198–1210.

1199	正治	Shōji

1201	建仁	Kennin

1204	元久	Genkyū

1206	建永	Ken'ei	also Ken'yō

1207	承元	Jōgen	also Shōgen; Emperor Juntoku, 1210–1221.

1211	建暦	Kenryaku

1213	建保	Kenpō	also Kenhō

1219	承久	Jōkyū	also Shōkyū; Emperor Chūkyō, 1221. Emperor Go-Horikawa, 1221–1232.

1222	貞応	Jōō	also Teiō

1224	元仁	Gennin

1225	嘉禄	Karoku

1227	安貞	Antei	also Anjō

1229	寛喜	Kangi	also Kanki

1232	貞永	Jōei	also Teiei; Emperor Shijō, 1232–1242.

1233	天福	Tenpuku	also Tenfuku

1234	文暦	Bunryaku	also Monryaku or Monreki

1235	嘉禎	Katei

1238	暦仁	Ryakunin	also Rekinin

1239	延応	En'ō	also Ennō

1240	仁治	Ninji	also Ninchi; Emperor Go-Saga, 1242–1246.

1243	寛元	Kangen	Emperor Go-Fukakusa, 1246–1260.

1247	宝治	Hōji

1249	建長	Kenchō

1256	康元	Kōgen	Emperor Kameyama, 1260–1274.

1257	正嘉	Shōka

1259	正元	Shōgen

1260	文応	Bun'ō	also Bunnō

1261	弘長	Kōchō

1264	文永	Bun'ei	Emperor Go-Uda, 1274–1287.

1275	建治	Kenji

1278	弘安	Kōan	Emperor Fushimi, 1287–1298.

1288	正応	Shōō

1293	永仁	Einin	Emperor Go-Fushimi, 1298–1301.

1299	正安	Shōan	Emperor Go-Nijō, 1301–1308.

1302	乾元	Kengen

1303	嘉元	Kagen

1306	徳治	Tokuji

1308	延慶	Enkyō	also Engyō or Enkei; Emperor Hanazono, 1308–1318.

1311	応長	Ōchō

1312	正和	Shōwa

1317	文保	Bunpō	also Bunhō; Emperor Go-Daigo, 1318–1339.

1319	元応	Gen'ō	also Gennō

1321	元亨	Genkō

1324	正中	Shōchū

1326	嘉暦	Karyaku

1329	元徳	Gentoku

1331	元弘	Genkō

Nanboku-chō period (1334–1392)

Southern Court

1334	建武	Kenmu	also Kenbu

1336	延元	Engen

1340	興国	Kōkoku

1346	正平	Shōhei

1370	建徳	Kentoku

1372	文中	Bunchū

1375	天授	Tenju

1381	弘和	Kōwa

1384	元中	Genchū	Genchū 9 becomes Meitoku 3 in post Nanboku-chō reunification

Northern Court

1332	正慶	Shōkei	also Shōkyō

1334	建武	Kenmu	also Kenbu

1338	暦応	Ryakuō	also Rekiō

1342	康永	Kōei

1345	貞和	Jōwa	also Teiwa

1350	観応	Kannō	also Kan'ō

1352	文和	Bunna	also Bunwa

1356	延文	Enbun

1361	康安	Kōan

1362	貞治	Jōji	also Teiji

1368	応安	Ōan

1375	永和	Eiwa

1379	康暦	Kōryaku

1381	永徳	Eitoku

1384	至徳	Shitoku

1387	嘉慶	Kakei	also Kakyō

1389	康応	Kōō

1390	明徳	Meitoku	Meitoku 3 replaces Genchū 9 in post-Nanboku-chō reunification

Muromachi period (1392–1573)

1394	応永	Ōei	Emperor Shōkō, 1412–1428.

1428	正長	Shōchō	Emperor Go-Hanazono, 1428–1464.

1429	永享	Eikyō	also Eikō

1441	嘉吉	Kakitsu	also Kakichi

1444	文安	Bun'an	also Bunnan

1449	宝徳	Hōtoku

1452	享徳	Kyōtoku

1455	康正	Kōshō

1457	長禄	Chōroku

1460	寛正	Kanshō	Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado, 1464–1500.

1466	文正	Bunshō	also Monshō

1467	応仁	Ōnin

1469	文明	Bunmei

1487	長享	Chōkyō

1489	延徳	Entoku

1492	明応	Meiō	Emperor Go-Kashiwabara, 1500–1526.

1501	文亀	Bunki

1504	永正	Eishō

1521	大永	Daiei	Emperor Go-Nara, 1526–1557.

1528	享禄	Kyōroku

1532	天文	Tenbun	also Tenmon

1555	弘治	Kōji	Emperor Ōgimachi, 1557–1586.

1558	永禄	Eiroku

1570	元亀	Genki

Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573–1603)

1573	天正	Tenshō	Emperor Go-Yōzei, 1586–1611.

1592	文禄	Bunroku

1596	慶長	Keichō	also Kyōchō; Emperor Go-Mizunoo, 1611–1629.

Edo period (1603–1868)

1615	元和	Genna	also Genwa

1624	寛永	Kan'ei	Empress Meishō, 1629–1643; Emperor Go-Kōmyō, 1643–1654.

1644	正保	Shōhō

1648	慶安	Keian	also Kyōan

1652	承応	Jōō	also Shōō; Emperor Go-Sai, 1655–1663.

1655	明暦	Meireki	also Myōryaku or Meiryaku

1658	万治	Manji

1661	寛文	Kanbun	Emperor Reigen, 1663–1687.

1673	延宝	Enpō	also Enhō, formerly written 延寳

1681	天和	Tenna	also Tenwa

1684	貞享	Jōkyō	Emperor Higashiyama, 1687–1709.

1688	元禄	Genroku

1704	宝永	Hōei	Emperor Nakamikado, 1709–1735.

1711	正徳	Shōtoku

1716	享保	Kyōhō	Emperor Sakuramachi, 1735–1747.

1736	元文	Genbun

1741	寛保	Kanpō	also Kanhō

1744	延享	Enkyō	Emperor Momozono, 1747–1762.

1748	寛延	Kan'en

1751	宝暦	Hōreki	also Hōryaku; Empress Go-Sakuramachi, 1762–1771.

1764	明和	Meiwa	Emperor Go-Momozono, 1771–1779.

1772	安永	An'ei	Emperor Kōkaku, 1780–1817.

1781	天明	Tenmei

1789	寛政	Kansei

1801	享和	Kyōwa

1804	文化	Bunka	Emperor Ninkō, 1817–1846.

1818	文政	Bunsei

1830	天保	Tenpō	also Tenhō

1844	弘化	Kōka	Emperor Kōmei, 1846–1867.

1848	嘉永	Kaei

1854	安政	Ansei

1860	万延	Man'en

1861	文久	Bunkyū

1864	元治	Genji

1865	慶応	Keiō	Emperor Meiji, 1867–1868.

Modern Japan (from 1868)

1868	明治	Meiji	Emperor Meiji, 1868–1912.

1912	大正	Taishō	Emperor Taishō, 1912–1926.

1926	昭和	Shōwa	Emperor Shōwa, 1926–1989.

1989	平成	Heisei	Akihito, 1989–2019.

2019	令和	Reiwa	Naruhito, 2019–present.

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