Historical capitals of China
Chronology

Historical capitals of China

Section Title: Chronology
Table Section Text: None

Dynasty / Government	Capital	Period	Notes

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors	Nüwa

Youchao

Suiren

Zhurong

Fuxi	Chen 陳	c. 2852–2737 BC

Shennong / Yan Emperor	Lu 魯	c. 2737–2699 BC

Yellow Emperor	Xuanyuan 軒轅	c. 2699–2588 BC

Taihao	Wanqiu 宛丘

Shaohao	Qiongsang 窮桑	c. 2587–2491 BC

Gonggong

Zhuanxu	Gaoyang 高陽	c. 2490 BC – 25th century BC

Diqiu 帝丘	c. 25th century BC – 2413 BC

Ku	Diqiu 帝丘	c. 2412 BC – 24th century BC

Bo 亳	c. 24th century BC – 2343 BC

Zhi	Qinghua 清化	c. 2343–2333 BC

Yao	Pingyang 平陽	c. 2333–2234 BC

Shun	Puban 蒲坂	c. 2233–2184 BC

Xia dynasty	Daxia 大夏	Gun

Song 崇

Yangcheng 陽城	Yu

Yangzhai 陽翟	Yu, Qi, Taikang

Chu 鉏	Hou Yi

Qiongshi 窮石	Hou Yi, Hanzhuo

Zhen 斟	Taikang, Zhongkang

Diqiu 帝丘	Xiang, Shaokang

Yuan 原	Zhu

Laoqiu 老丘	Zhu to Jiong

Xihe 西河	Jin to Fa

Zhen 斟	Jie

Henan 河南	Jie

Shang dynasty	Bo 亳	Tang

Fan 蕃	Xie

Dishi 砥石	Zhaoming

Shang 商	Zhaoming

Shangqiu 商邱	Xiangtu

Foot of Mount Tai 泰山麓	Xiangtu

Shangqiu 商邱	Xiangtu

Yin 殷	Shanghou

Shangqiu 商邱	Yinhou

Bo "西"亳	Tang

Xiao 囂	Zhongding

Xiang 相	Hedanjia

Xing 邢	Zuyi

Bi 庇	Zuyi

Yan 奄	Nangeng

Yin 殷	Pangeng

Zhou dynasty	Western Zhou dynasty	Zongzhou 宗周	1046 BC – 771 BC	Western capital

Chengzhou 成周	1046 BC – 771 BC	Eastern capital

Eastern Zhou dynasty	Chengzhou 成周	770 BC – 367 BC

Henan 河南	367 BC – 256 BC	capital of the Western Zhou State

Gong 鞏	367 BC – 249 BC	capital of the Eastern Zhou State

Qin dynasty	Xiquanqiu 西犬丘

Pingyang 平陽	– 677 BC

Yong 雍	677 BC –

Jingyang 涇陽	– 383 BC

Yueyang 櫟陽	383 BC – 250 BC

Xianyang 咸陽	350 BC – 207 BC

Han dynasty	Western Han dynasty	Luoyang 雒陽	202 BC

Yueyang 櫟陽	202 BC – 200 BC

Chang'an 長安	200 BC – 8 BC

Xin dynasty	Chang'an 長安	AD 8–23

Han dynasty	Eastern Han dynasty	Luoyang 雒陽	AD 25–190

Chang'an 長安	191–195

Xu 許	196–220

Three Kingdoms period	Cao Wei	Luoyang 洛陽	220–265

Shu Han	Chengdu 成都	221–263

Eastern Wu	Jianye 建業	227–279

Jin dynasty	Western Jin dynasty	Luoyang 洛陽	265–313

Chang'an 長安	313–316

Eastern Jin dynasty	Jiankang 建康	317–420

Northern dynasties	Northern Wei	Pingcheng 平城	386–493

Luoyang 洛陽	493–534

Ye 鄴	534–550	capital of Eastern Wei

Chang'an 長安	535–557	capital of Western Wei

Northern Qi	Ye 鄴	550–577

Northern Zhou	Chang'an 長安	557–581

Southern dynasties	Liu Song dynasty	Jiankang 建康	420–479

Southern Qi	Jiankang 建康	479–502

Liang dynasty	Jiankang 建康	502–557

Chen dynasty	Jiankang 建康	557–589

Sui dynasty	Dongdu 東都	581–618

Daxing 大興	581–618	auxiliary capital

Tang dynasty	Chang'an 長安	618–690

Luoyang 洛陽	657–690	auxiliary capital

Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty	Luoyang 洛陽	690–705

Tang dynasty	Chang'an 長安	705–904

Luoyang 洛陽	705–736	auxiliary capital

Luoyang 洛陽	904–907

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period	Later Liang	Dongdu 東都	907–923

Later Tang	Dongdu 東都	923–936

Later Jin	Dongjing 東京	936–947

Later Han	Dongjing 東京	947–950

Later Zhou	Dongjing 東京	951–960

Song dynasty	Northern Song dynasty	Dongjing 東京	960–1127

Southern Song dynasty	Nanjing 南京	1127–1129	After the fall of Dongjing, Zhao Gou declares himself Emperor Gaozong in Henan

Yangzhou 楊州	1129–1130	Flight of Emperor Gaozong during the Jin invasion of the Yangtze Delta in 1129–1130.

Zhenjiang 鎮江

Lin'an 臨安

Yuezhou 越州

Mingzhou 明州

Dinghai 定海

Off the coast Taizhou, Wenzhou "海上朝廷"

Zhang'an 章安

Yuezhou 越州

Lin'an 臨安	1130–1276	Song court settles in Lin'an for 146 years

Fuzhou 福州	1276–1277	Flight of Emperor Duanzong along the southeast coast following the fall of Lin'an in 1276.

Guangzhou 廣州	1277–1278

Guanfuchang 官富場	1278

Gangzhou 碙州	Emperor Bingzong succeeds Duanzong on Lantau Island in modern Hong Kong

Yashan 涯山	1278–1279	Song court makes last stand off the coast of Yashan

Liao dynasty	Shangjing 上京	907–1120

Nanjing 南京	1122–1123

Tokmok 虎思斡耳朵	1134–1218

Jin dynasty	Shangjing 上京	1115–1153

Zhongdu 中都	1153–1214

Nanjing 南京	1214–1234

Western Xia	Xingqing 興慶	1038–1227

Yuan dynasty

Shangdu 上都	May 1264 – 1267

Dadu 大都	1267 – August 1368

Shangdu 上都	August 1368 – 1369

Ming dynasty	Nanjing 南京	23 January 1368 – 2 February 1421

Beijing 北京	2 February 1421 – 25 April 1644

Nanjing 南京	1644 – 1645

Fuzhou 福州	1645 – 1646

Zhaoqing 肇慶	1646 – 25 April 1662

Later Jin	Feiala 費阿拉	1587–1603

Hetuala 赫圖阿拉	1603–1619

Jiefan 界凡	1619 – September 1620

Sarhu 薩爾滸	September 1620 – April 1621

Dongjing 東京	April 1621 – 11 April 1625

Shengjing 盛京	11 April 1625 – 1636

Qing dynasty	Shengjing 盛京	1636 – 30 October 1644

Beijing 北京	30 October 1644 – 12 February 1912

Republic of China	Nanjing 南京	1 January 1912 – 2 April 1912	Provisional Government

Beijing 北京	2 April 1912 – 30 May 1928	Beiyang government

Fengtian 奉天	30 May 1928 – 29 December 1928	Beiyang government

Guangzhou 廣州	1 July 1925 – 21 February 1927	Guangzhou Nationalist Government

Wuhan 武漢	21 February 1927 – 19 August 1927	Wuhan Nationalist Government

Nanjing 南京	18 April 1927 – 20 November 1937	the Nanjing decade

Luoyang 洛陽	29 Jan 1932 – 1 December 1932

Beijing 北平	9 September 1930 – 23 September 1930	Beiping Nationalist Government

Taiyuan 太原	23 September 1930 – 4 November 1930	Beiping Nationalist Government

Guangzhou 廣州	28 May 1931 – 22 December 1931	Guangzhou Nationalist Government

Chongqing 重慶	21 November 1937 – 5 May 1946	during the Second Sino-Japanese War

Nanjing 南京	30 March 1940 – 10 August 1945	Wang Jingwei Government

Nanjing 南京	5 May 1946 – 1 May 1991	From 23 April 1949 to 1 May 1991, Nanjing was the claimed capital of the Republic of China

Guangzhou 廣州	23 April 1949 – 14 October 1949	during the Chinese Civil War

Chongqing 重慶	14 October 1949 – 30 November 1949	during the Chinese Civil War

Chengdu 成都	30 November 1949 – 27 December 1949	during the Chinese Civil War

Xichang 西昌	27 December 1949 – 27 March 1950	during the Chinese Civil War

Taipei 台北	10 December 1949 – Present	Capital

People's Republic of China	Beijing 北京	1 October 1949 – Present

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