which is collateralized with commercial mortgage backed securities.
We believe cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances and our availability of revolver borrowings will be sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs.
Dividends from Subsidiaries Ameriprise Financial is primarily a parent holding company for the operations carried out by our wholly owned subsidiaries.
Because of our holding company structure, our ability to meet our cash requirements, including the payment of dividends on our common stock, substantially depends upon the receipt of dividends or return of capital from our subsidiaries, particularly our life insurance subsidiary, RiverSource Life, our face-amount certificate subsidiary, Ameriprise Certificate Company (‘‘ACC’’), AMPF Holding Corporation, which is the parent company of our retail introducing broker-dealer subsidiary, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.  (‘‘AFSI’’) and our clearing broker-dealer subsidiary, American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc.  (‘‘AEIS’’), our Auto and Home insurance subsidiary, IDS Property Casualty Insurance Company (‘‘IDS Property Casualty’’), doing business as Ameriprise Auto & Home Insurance, our transfer agent subsidiary, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. , our investment advisory company, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, and Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings S` arl.
The payment of dividends by many of our subsidiaries is restricted and certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements.
Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements for our wholly owned subsidiaries subject to regulatory capital requirements were as follows:
## Table 0 ##
# Amounts are less than $1 million.
(1) Actual capital is determined on a statutory basis.
(2) Regulatory capital requirement is based on the statutory risk-based capital filing.
(3) Regulatory capital requirement is based on the applicable regulatory requirement, calculated as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
(4) Actual capital is determined on an adjusted GAAP basis.
(5) ACC is required to hold capital in compliance with the Minnesota Department of Commerce and SEC capital requirements.
(6) Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with U. K.  regulatory legislation.
The regulatory capital requirements at December 31, 2016 represent calculations at September 30, 2016 of the rule based requirements, as specified by FCA regulations.
(7) Ameriprise National Trust Bank is required to maintain capital in compliance with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (‘‘OCC’’) regulations and policies.
In addition to the particular regulations restricting dividend payments and establishing subsidiary capitalization requirements, we take into account the overall health of the business, capital levels and risk management considerations in determining a dividend strategy for payments to our parent holding company from our subsidiaries, and in deciding to use cash to make capital contributions to our subsidiaries.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $1.7 billion and contributed cash to its subsidiaries of $197 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $1.6 billion and contributed cash to its subsidiaries of $271 million.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Level 3 Rollforward If a derivative was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3.
Transfers between levels are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur.
In the tables below, negative amounts for transfers into level 3 and positive amounts for transfers out of level 3 represent net transfers of derivative liabilities.
Gains and losses on level 3 derivatives should be considered in the context of the following: ‰ A derivative with level 1 and/or level 2 inputs is classified in level 3 in its entirety if it has at least one significant level 3 input ‰ If there is one significant level 3 input, the entire gain or loss from adjusting only observable inputs (i. e. , level 1 and level 2 inputs) is classified as level 3.
‰ Gains or losses that have been reported in level 3 resulting from changes in level 1 or level 2 inputs are frequently offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 derivatives and/or level 1, level 2 and level 3 cash instruments.
As a result, gains/(losses) included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
The tables below present changes in fair value for all derivatives categorized as level 3 as of the end of the year.
## Table 1 ##
The net unrealized loss on level 3 derivatives of $1.37 billion for 2013 principally resulted from changes in level 2 inputs and was primarily attributable to losses on certain credit derivatives, principally due to the impact of tighter credit spreads, and losses on certain currency derivatives, primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates.
Transfers into level 3 derivatives during 2013 primarily reflected transfers of credit derivative assets from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of upfront credit points and correlation inputs used to value these derivatives.
Transfers out of level 3 derivatives during 2013 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivatives to level 2, principally due to unobservable credit spread and correlation inputs no longer being significant to the valuation of these derivatives and unobservable inputs not being significant to the net risk of certain portfolios.
The IRS is currently examining the Company’s 2006 and 2007 tax years.
The Company also has several state and non-U.
S.  audits pending.
A summary of open tax years by major jurisdiction is presented below:
## Table 2 ##
Above amounts include federal as well as state, provincial or similar local jurisdictions, as applicable.
Although the final resolution of the Company’s global tax disputes is uncertain, based on current information, in the opinion of the Company’s management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
However, an unfavorable resolution of the Company’s global tax disputes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations in the periods in which the matters are ultimately resolved.
Based on the potential outcome of the Company’s global tax examinations, the expiration of the statute of limitations for specific jurisdictions, or the continued ability to satisfy tax incentive obligations, it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will decrease within the next 12 months.
The associated net tax benefits, which would favorably impact the effective tax rate, excluding changes to valuation allowances, are estimated to be in the range of $0 to $225 million, with cash payments in the range of $0 to $125 million.
At December 31, 2009, the Company had $25 million and $15 million accrued for interest and penalties, respectively, on unrecognized tax benefits.
At December 31, 2008, the Company had $47 million and $11 million accrued for interest and penalties, respectively, on unrecognized tax benefits.7.
Retirement Benefits Pension Benefit Plans The Company’s noncontributory pension plan (the ‘‘Regular Pension Plan’’) covers U. S.  employees who became eligible after one year of service.
The benefit formula is dependent upon employee earnings and years of service.
Effective January 1, 2005, newly-hired employees were not eligible to participate in the Regular Pension Plan.
The Company also provides defined benefit plans which cover non-U.
S.  employees in certain jurisdictions, principally the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Japan and Korea (the ‘‘Non-U.
S.  Plans’’).
Other pension plans are not material to the Company either individually or in the aggregate.
The Company has a noncontributory supplemental retirement benefit plan (the ‘‘Officers’ Plan’’) for its officers elected prior to December 31, 1999.
The Officers’ Plan contains provisions for vesting and funding the participants’ expected retirement benefits when the participants meet the minimum age and years of service requirements.
Elected officers who were not yet vested in the Officers’ Plan as of December 31, 1999 had the option to remain in the Officers’ Plan or elect to have their benefit bought out in restricted stock units.
Effective December 31, 1999, newly elected officers are not eligible to participate in the Officers’ Plan.
Effective June 30, 2005, salaries were frozen for this plan.
The Company has an additional noncontributory supplemental retirement benefit plan, the Motorola Supplemental Pension Plan (‘‘MSPP’’), which provides supplemental benefits to individuals by replacing the Regular Pension Plan benefits that are lost by such individuals under the retirement formula due to application of the limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.
However, elected officers who are covered under the Officers’ Plan or who participated in the restricted stock buy-out are not eligible to participate in MSPP.
Effective January 1, 2007, eligible compensation was capped at the IRS limit plus $175,000 (the ‘‘Cap’’) or, for those
Before the purchase in November 2008, the Units will be reflected in diluted earnings per share calculations using the treasury stock method as defined by SFAS No.128, Earnings per Share.
Under this method, the number of shares of common stock used in calculating diluted earnings per share (based on the settlement formula applied at the end of the reporting period) is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares that would be issued upon settlement of the purchase contracts less the number of shares that could be purchased by the Company in the market at the average market price during the period using the proceeds to be received upon settlement.
Therefore, dilution will occur for periods when the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the reporting period is above $21.816.
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility In September 2005, the Company entered into a $250 million, three-year senior secured revolving credit facility.
As a result of the Citadel Investment in November 2007, the facility was terminated and all unamortized debt issuance costs were expensed.
Corporate Debt Covenants Certain of the Company’s corporate debt described above have terms which include customary financial covenants.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
Early Extinguishment of Debt In 2006, the Company called the entire remaining $185.2 million principal amount of its 6% Notes for redemption.
The Company recorded a $0.7 million loss on early extinguishment of debt relating to the write-off of the unamortized debt offering costs.
The Company did not have any early extinguishments of debt in 2005.
Other Corporate Debt The Company also has multiple term loans from financial institutions.
These loans are collateralized by equipment and are included within other borrowings on the consolidated balance sheet.
See Note 14—Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase and Other Borrowings.
Future Maturities of Corporate Debt Scheduled principal payments of corporate debt as of December 31, 2007 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
## Table 3 ##
Interest Rates and Operating Interest Differential Increases and decreases in operating interest income and operating interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning banking assets and liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates (rate).
The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on our interest- earning banking assets and the interest incurred on our interest-bearing banking liabilities.
The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous year’s average yield/cost.
Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average yield/cost by the previous year’s volume.
Changes applicable to both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately (dollars in thousands
## Table 4 ##
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in the respective average loan balances.
Income on such nonaccrual loans is recognized on a cash basis.
(2) Amount includes a taxable equivalent increase in operating interest income of $30.9 million and $19.3 million for 2007 and 2006, respectivel

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Actual Capital December 31,</td><td colspan="2">RegulatoryCapital Requirements December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>RiverSource Life<sup>-1(2)</sup></td><td>$3,052</td><td>$3,800</td><td>$606</td><td>$589</td></tr><tr><td>RiverSource Life of NY<sup>-1(2)</sup></td><td>323</td><td>333</td><td>38</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>IDS Property Casualty<sup>-1(3)</sup></td><td>800</td><td>684</td><td>213</td><td>214</td></tr><tr><td>Ameriprise Insurance Company<sup>-1(3)</sup></td><td>47</td><td>46</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>ACC<sup>-4(5)</sup></td><td>335</td><td>274</td><td>317</td><td>258</td></tr><tr><td>Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl<sup>-6</sup></td><td>360</td><td>285</td><td>149</td><td>165</td></tr><tr><td>Ameriprise National Trust Bank<sup>-7</sup></td><td>22</td><td>36</td><td>10</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>AFSI<sup>-3(4)</sup></td><td>77</td><td>93</td><td>#</td><td>#</td></tr><tr><td>Ameriprise Captive Insurance Company<sup>-3</sup></td><td>51</td><td>54</td><td>9</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Ameriprise Trust Company<sup>-3</sup></td><td>29</td><td>27</td><td>24</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>AEIS<sup>-3(4)</sup></td><td>107</td><td>110</td><td>19</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>RiverSource Distributors, Inc.<sup>-3(4)</sup></td><td>11</td><td>15</td><td>#</td><td>#</td></tr><tr><td>Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc.<sup>-3(4)</sup></td><td>14</td><td>17</td><td>#</td><td>#</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Level 3 Derivative Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value for the Year Ended December 2013</td></tr><tr><td><i>in millions</i></td><td>Asset/ (liability) balance, beginning of year</td><td>Net realized gains/ (losses)</td><td>Net unrealized gains/(losses) relating to instruments still held at year-end</td><td>Purchases</td><td>Sales</td><td>Settlements</td><td>Transfers into level 3</td><td>Transfers out of level 3</td><td>Asset/ (liability) balance, endof year</td></tr><tr><td>Interest rates — net</td><td>$ -355</td><td>$ -78</td><td>$ 168</td><td>$ 1</td><td>$ -8</td><td>$ 196</td><td>$ -9</td><td>$ -1</td><td>$ -86</td></tr><tr><td>Credit — net</td><td>6,228</td><td>-1</td><td>-977</td><td>201</td><td>-315</td><td>-1,508</td><td>695</td><td>-147</td><td>4,176</td></tr><tr><td>Currencies — net</td><td>35</td><td>-93</td><td>-419</td><td>22</td><td>-6</td><td>169</td><td>139</td><td>-47</td><td>-200</td></tr><tr><td>Commodities — net</td><td>-304</td><td>-6</td><td>58</td><td>21</td><td>-48</td><td>281</td><td>50</td><td>8</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Equities — net</td><td>-1,248</td><td>-67</td><td>-202</td><td>77</td><td>-472</td><td>1,020</td><td>-15</td><td>-52</td><td>-959</td></tr><tr><td>Total derivatives — net</td><td>$ 4,356</td><td>$-245 1</td><td>$-1,372 1</td><td>$322</td><td>$-849</td><td>$ 158</td><td>$860</td><td>$-239</td><td>$2,991</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td><i>Jurisdiction</i></td><td><i>Tax Years</i></td></tr><tr><td><i></i>United States</td><td>2004—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>2004—2009</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>2000—2009</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>2004—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>2005—2009</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>1996—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>2007—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>2003—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>1998—2009</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>1999—2009</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>2007—2009</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>2008</td><td>$—</td></tr><tr><td>2009</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>2010</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>2011</td><td>453,815</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Thereafter</td><td>2,996,337</td></tr><tr><td>Total future principal payments of corporate debt</td><td>3,450,152</td></tr><tr><td>Unamortized discount, net</td><td>-427,454</td></tr><tr><td>Total corporate debt</td><td>$3,022,698</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> 2007 Compared to 2006  Increase (Decrease) Due To</td><td colspan="3">2006 Compared to 2005 Increase (Decrease) Due To</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Volume</td><td>Rate</td><td> Total</td><td>Volume</td><td>Rate</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Interest-earning banking assets:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Loans, net<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$556,446</td><td>$64,715</td><td>$621,161</td><td>$398,605</td><td>$137,551</td><td>$536,156</td></tr><tr><td>Margin receivables</td><td>42,688</td><td>1,911</td><td>44,599</td><td>291,489</td><td>23,569</td><td>315,058</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage-backed and related available-for-sale securities</td><td>45,934</td><td>14,445</td><td>60,379</td><td>100,043</td><td>88,687</td><td>188,730</td></tr><tr><td>Available-for-sale investment securities</td><td>69,977</td><td>7,091</td><td>77,068</td><td>19,350</td><td>30,791</td><td>50,141</td></tr><tr><td>Trading securities</td><td>-2,029</td><td>2,148</td><td>119</td><td>-8,241</td><td>7,287</td><td>-954</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>5,023</td><td>869</td><td>5,892</td><td>-9,826</td><td>17,987</td><td>8,161</td></tr><tr><td>Stock borrow and other</td><td>21,547</td><td>3,328</td><td>24,875</td><td>5,176</td><td>14,063</td><td>19,239</td></tr><tr><td>Total interest-earning banking assets<sup>-2</sup></td><td>739,586</td><td>94,507</td><td>834,093</td><td>796,596</td><td>319,935</td><td>1,116,531</td></tr><tr><td>Interest-bearing banking liabilities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retail deposits</td><td>170,150</td><td>119,912</td><td>290,062</td><td>157,493</td><td>132,366</td><td>289,859</td></tr><tr><td>Brokered certificates of deposit</td><td>-1,107</td><td>1,783</td><td>676</td><td>3,329</td><td>5,717</td><td>9,046</td></tr><tr><td>Customer payables</td><td>2,562</td><td>13,223</td><td>15,785</td><td>24,480</td><td>28,385</td><td>52,865</td></tr><tr><td>Repurchase agreements and other borrowings</td><td>66,280</td><td>28,017</td><td>94,297</td><td>34,185</td><td>140,563</td><td>174,748</td></tr><tr><td>FHLB advances</td><td>183,552</td><td>15,345</td><td>198,897</td><td>9,301</td><td>29,749</td><td>39,050</td></tr><tr><td>Stock loan and other</td><td>7,122</td><td>-1,700</td><td>5,422</td><td>15,617</td><td>10,862</td><td>26,479</td></tr><tr><td>Total interest-bearing banking liabilities</td><td>428,559</td><td>176,580</td><td>605,139</td><td>244,405</td><td>347,642</td><td>592,047</td></tr><tr><td>Change in net operating interest income</td><td>$311,027</td><td>$-82,073</td><td>$228,954</td><td>$552,191</td><td>$-27,707</td><td>$524,484</td></tr></table>

Question: Which year is Actual Capital of RiverSource Life the least? (in millions)
Answer: 3052