Extrusions (AFE), which are all included in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, Global Rolled Products, and Building and Construction Systems, which is included in the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment.
The estimated fair value for five of the six reporting units exceeded its respective carrying value, resulting in no impairment.
However, the estimated fair value of AFE was lower than its carrying value.
As such, in the fourth quarter of 2017, Arconic recorded an impairment for the full amount of goodwill in the AFE reporting unit of $719.
The decrease in the AFE fair value was primarily due to unfavorable performance that is impacting operating margins and a higher discount rate due to an increase in the risk-free rate of return, while the carrying value increased compared to prior year.
Goodwill impairment tests in 2016 and 2015 indicated that goodwill was not impaired for any of the Company’s reporting units, except for the soft alloy extrusion business in Brazil which is included in the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment.
In the fourth quarter of 2015, for the soft alloy extrusion business in Brazil, the estimated fair value as determined by the DCF model was lower than the associated carrying value of its reporting unit’s goodwill.
As a result, management determined that the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill was zero.
Arconic recorded a goodwill impairment of $25 in 2015.
The impairment of goodwill resulted from headwinds from the downturn in the Brazilian economy and the continued erosion of gross margin despite the execution of cost reduction strategies.
As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is no goodwill remaining for the reporting unit.
Other Intangible Assets.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized while intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized generally on a straight-line basis over the periods benefited.
The following table details the weightedaverage useful lives of software and other intangible assets by reporting segment (numbers in years):
## Table 0 ##
Revenue Recognition.
Arconic recognizes revenues when title, ownership, and risk of loss pass to the customer, all of which occurs upon shipment or delivery of the product and is based on the applicable shipping terms.
The shipping terms vary across all businesses and depend on the product, the country of origin, and the type of transportation (truck, train, or vessel).
In certain circumstances, Arconic receives advanced payments from its customers for product to be delivered in future periods.
These advanced payments are recorded as deferred revenue until the product is delivered and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract.
Deferred revenue is included in Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Environmental Matters.
Expenditures for current operations are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate.
Expenditures relating to existing conditions caused by past operations, which will not contribute to future revenues, are expensed.
Liabilities are recorded when remediation costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated.
The liability may include costs such as site investigations, consultant fees, feasibility studies, outside contractors, and monitoring expenses.
Estimates are generally not discounted or reduced by potential claims for recovery.
Claims for recovery are recognized when probable and as agreements are reached with third parties.
The estimates also include costs related to other potentially responsible parties to the extent that Arconic has reason to believe such parties will not fully pay their proportionate share.
The liability is continuously reviewed and adjusted to reflect current remediation progress, prospective estimates of required activity, and other factors that may be relevant, including changes in technology or regulations.
Litigation Matters.
For asserted claims and assessments, liabilities are recorded when an unfavorable outcome of a matter is deemed to be probable and the loss is reasonably estimable.
Management determines the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome based on many factors such as the nature of the matter, available defenses and case strategy, progress of the matter, views and opinions of legal counsel and other advisors, applicability and success of appeals processes, and the outcome of similar historical matters, among others.
Once an unfavorable outcome is deemed probable, management weighs the probability of estimated losses, and the most reasonable loss estimate is recorded.
If an unfavorable outcome of a matter is deemed to be reasonably possible, then the matter is disclosed and no liability is recorded.
With respect to unasserted claims or assessments, management must first determine that the probability that an assertion will be made is likely, then, a determination as to the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to reasonably estimate the potential loss is made.
Legal matters are reviewed on a continuous basis to determine if there has been a change in management’s judgment regarding the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the estimate of a potential loss.
Income Taxes.
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes.
Under this approach, the provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable (or received or receivable)
State Street has designated interest rate swaps with a notional value of $150 million as cash flow hedges to its floating rate debt.
These interest rate swaps constitute a fully effective hedge.
In addition, State Street has entered into interest rate swaps with notional values of $600 million in 2002 and $600 million in 2003.
These swaps are designated as fair value hedges to hedge certain of its fixed rate debt issuances.
The fair value hedge swaps increased the value of long-term debt presented in the Statement of Condition by $45 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, the Corporation’s overall weighted average interest rate for long-term debt was 5.58% on a contractual basis and 4.31%, including the effects of derivative contracts.
FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS State Street’s risk exposure from interest rate and foreign exchange contracts results from the possibility that one party may default on its contractual obligation or from movements in exchange or interest rates.
Credit risk is limited to the positive market value of the derivative financial instrument, which is significantly less than the notional value.
The notional value provides the basis for determining the exchange of contractual cash flows.
The exposure to credit loss can be estimated by calculating the cost, on a present-value basis, to replace at current market rates all profitable contracts at year-end.
The estimated aggregate replacement cost of derivative financial instruments in a net positive position was $5.5 billion at December 31, 2003, and $3.6 billion at December 31, 2002.
The foreign exchange contracts have been reduced by offsetting balances with the same counterparty where a master netting agreement exists.
The following table represents the fair value as of December 31, and average fair value for the years ended December 31, of financial derivative instruments held or issued for trading purposes:
## Table 1 ##
Foreign exchange trading revenue related to foreign exchange contracts was $330 million, $300 million and $368 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
In 2003, State Street also recorded $61 million from Deutsche Bank as foreign exchange trading revenue.
For other financial instrument contracts, there were losses of $31 million in 2003, $38 million in 2002 and $22 million in 2001 recorded in processing fees and other revenue.
Future cash requirements, if any, related to foreign currency contracts are represented by the gross amount of currencies to be exchanged under each contract unless State Street and the counterparty have agreed to pay or receive the net contractual settlement amount on the settlement date.
Future cash requirements on other financial instruments are limited to the net amounts payable under the agreements.
The carrying amounts, by contractual maturity, of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, and the related weighted-average contractual yields, were as follows as of December 31, 2007:
## Table 2 ##
(1) Yields have been calculated on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, using applicable federal and state income tax rates.
(2) The maturities of mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are based upon expected principal payments.
Loans and Lease Financing U. S.  and non-U.
S.  loans and lease financing as of December 31, and average loans and lease financing, were as follows for the years ended December 31:
## Table 3 ##
At December 31, 2007, approximately 11% of our consolidated total assets consisted of loans and lease financing.
The aggregate increase in loans from 2006 reflected an increase in overdrafts, which result primarily from securities settlement activities of our customers.
Overdrafts included in loans were $11.65 billion and $5.69 billion at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
Average
The following table presents market risk related to our trading activities as measured by our value-at-risk methodology: VALUE-AT-RISK
## Table 4 ##
We compare daily profits and losses from trading activities to estimated one-day value-at-risk.
For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we did not experience any trading losses in excess of our end-of-day value-at-risk estimate.
Asset and Liability Management Activities The primary objective of asset and liability management is to provide sustainable and growing net interest revenue, or ‘‘NIR,’’ under varying economic environments, while protecting the economic values of our balance sheet assets and liabilities from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates.
Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of deposits generated by our core Investment Servicing and Investment Management businesses.
We structure our balance sheet assets to generally conform to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the context of current and anticipated market conditions and within internally approved risk guidelines.
Our overall interest-rate risk position is maintained within a series of policies approved by the Board and guidelines established and monitored by ALCO.
Our Global Treasury unit has responsibility for managing State Street’s day-to-day interest-rate risk.
To effectively manage the consolidated balance sheet and related NIR, Global Treasury has the authority to take a limited amount of interest-rate risk based on market conditions and its views about the direction of global interest rates over both short-term and long-term time horizons.
Global Treasury manages our exposure to changes in interest rates on a consolidated basis, and they have organized themselves into three regional treasury units, North America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific, to reflect the growing, global nature of our exposures and to capture the impact of change in regional market environments on our total risk position.
Our investment activities and our use of derivative financial instruments are the primary tools used in managing interest-rate risk.
We invest in financial instruments with currency, repricing, and maturity characteristics we consider appropriate to manage our overall interest-rate risk position.
In addition to on-balance sheet assets, we use certain derivatives, primarily interest-rate swaps, to alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities.
The use of derivatives is subject to ALCO-approved guidelines.
Additional information about our use of derivatives is in note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K under Item 8.
As a result of growth in our non-U.
S.  operations, non-U.
S.  dollar denominated customer liabilities are a significant portion of our consolidated balance sheet.
This growth results in exposure to changes in the shape and level of non-U.
S.  dollar yield curves, which we include in our consolidated interest-rate risk management process.
Because no one individual measure can accurately assess all of our risks to changes in rates, we use several quantitative measures in our assessment of current and potential future exposures to changes in interest rates and their impact on net interest revenue and balance sheet values.
Net interest revenue simulation is the primary tool used in our evaluation of the potential range of possible net interest revenue results that could occur under a variety of interest-rate environments.
We also use
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued) 81 time to time, back-testing exceptions do occur on a hypothetical basis, assuming that all positions are held constant.
These exceptions are generally infrequent, as one would expect from the nature and definition of a VaR computation.
The following table presents the VaR associated with our regular trading activities, presented in the preceding table, and the VaR associated with positions held outside of those trading activities, the latter of which is described as “VaR for nontrading assets,” for the periods indicated.
“Total regulatory VaR” is calculated as the sum of the VaR for trading assets and the VaR for non-trading assets, with no additional diversification benefits recognized.
The average, maximum and minimum amounts are calculated for each line item separately.
Total Regulatory VALUE-AT-RISK

<table><tr><td>Segment</td><td>Software</td><td>Other intangible assets</td></tr><tr><td>Engineered Products and Solutions</td><td>6</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Global Rolled Products</td><td>6</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation and Construction Solutions</td><td>5</td><td>16</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td> Fair Value</td><td> Average Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 2003:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a receivable position</td><td>$3,821</td><td>$2,392</td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a payable position</td><td>3,613</td><td>2,344</td></tr><tr><td>OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT CONTRACTS:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a receivable position</td><td>32</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a payable position</td><td>51</td><td>136</td></tr><tr><td> 2002:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a receivable position</td><td>$2,451</td><td>$1,376</td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a payable position</td><td>2,373</td><td>1,361</td></tr><tr><td>OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT CONTRACTS:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a receivable position</td><td>91</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Contracts in a payable position</td><td>165</td><td>80</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="2">Under 1 Year</td><td colspan="2">1 to 5 Years</td><td colspan="2">6 to 10 Years</td><td colspan="2"> Over 10 Years</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> (Dollars in millions) </td><td> Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td> Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td> Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td> Amount</td><td> Yield</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Available for sale-2:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Direct obligations</td><td>$5,683</td><td>4.43%</td><td>$1,072</td><td>3.91%</td><td>$520</td><td>6.27%</td><td>$906</td><td> 7.63</td><td> %</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage-backed securities</td><td>116</td><td>4.16</td><td>1,384</td><td>4.31</td><td>4,152</td><td>4.90</td><td>8,933</td><td> 5.18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Asset-backed securities</td><td>1,304</td><td>4.68</td><td>11,321</td><td>5.13</td><td>8,223</td><td>5.21</td><td>4,221</td><td> 5.21</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collateralized mortgage obligations</td><td>170</td><td>4.90</td><td>3,156</td><td>5.07</td><td>3,617</td><td>5.48</td><td>4,949</td><td> 5.45</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>State and political subdivisions-1</td><td>370</td><td>5.94</td><td>1,997</td><td>5.74</td><td>1,644</td><td>5.60</td><td>1,802</td><td> 5.41</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Other investments</td><td>1,686</td><td>6.46</td><td>1,405</td><td>5.48</td><td>906</td><td>5.33</td><td>44</td><td>  5.61</td><td>  </td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$9,329</td><td></td><td>$20,335</td><td></td><td>$19,062</td><td></td><td>$20,855</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Held to maturity-2:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Direct obligations</td><td>$256</td><td>3.89%</td><td>$501</td><td>4.38%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage-backed securities</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>30</td><td>3.95</td><td>$329</td><td>4.85%</td><td>$581</td><td> 5.35</td><td> %</td></tr><tr><td>Collateralized mortgage obligations</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>725</td><td>4.94</td><td>970</td><td>5.03</td><td>495</td><td> 5.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other investments</td><td>163</td><td>1.99</td><td>119</td><td>5.81</td><td>61</td><td>6.02</td><td>3</td><td> 7.16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$419</td><td></td><td>$1,375</td><td></td><td>$1,360</td><td></td><td>$1,079</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> (In millions) </td><td> 2007</td><td> 2006</td><td> 2005</td><td> 2004</td><td> 2003</td></tr><tr><td>U.S.:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial and financial</td><td>$9,402</td><td>$3,480</td><td>$2,298</td><td>$1,826</td><td>$2,344</td></tr><tr><td>Lease financing</td><td>396</td><td>415</td><td>404</td><td>373</td><td>395</td></tr><tr><td>Total U.S.</td><td>9,798</td><td>3,895</td><td>2,702</td><td>2,199</td><td>2,739</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S.:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial and financial</td><td>4,420</td><td>3,137</td><td>1,854</td><td>526</td><td>424</td></tr><tr><td>Lease financing</td><td>1,584</td><td>1,914</td><td>1,926</td><td>1,904</td><td>1,858</td></tr><tr><td>Total non-U.S.</td><td>6,004</td><td>5,051</td><td>3,780</td><td>2,430</td><td>2,282</td></tr><tr><td>Total loans</td><td>$15,802</td><td>$8,946</td><td>$6,482</td><td>$4,629</td><td>$5,021</td></tr><tr><td>Average loans and lease financing</td><td>$10,753</td><td>$7,670</td><td>$6,013</td><td>$5,689</td><td>$5,568</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="3"> 2007</td><td colspan="3"> 2006</td></tr><tr><td> Years ended December 31, (In millions) </td><td> Annual Average</td><td> Maximum</td><td> Minimum</td><td> Annual Average</td><td> Maximum</td><td> Minimum</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange products</td><td>$1.8</td><td>$4.0</td><td>$.7</td><td>$1.7</td><td>$4.3</td><td>$.7</td></tr><tr><td>Interest-rate products</td><td>1.4</td><td>3.7</td><td>.1</td><td>.8</td><td>1.8</td><td>.2</td></tr></table>

Question: What's the growth rate of Commercial and financial for U.S. in 2007?
Answer: 1.70172