In March 2017, the federal district court denied plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in the two pending class action cases.
The plaintiffs appealed that decision to the U. S.  Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which has accepted the matter for hearing.
In June 2017, an unaffiliated company that is also a defendant in these cases filed for bankruptcy, which could increase the risk of loss to CMS Energy.
These cases involve complex facts, a large number of similarly situated defendants with different factual positions, and multiple jurisdictions.
Presently, any estimate of liability would be highly speculative; the amount of CMS Energy’s reasonably possible loss would be based on widely varying models previously untested in this context.
If the outcome after appeals is unfavorable, these cases could negatively affect CMS Energy’s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.
Bay Harbor: CMS Land retained environmental remediation obligations for the collection and treatment of leachate, a liquid consisting of water and other substances, at Bay Harbor after selling its interests in the development in 2002.
Leachate is produced when water enters into cement kiln dust piles left over from former cement plant operations at the site.
In 2012, CMS Land and the MDEQ finalized an agreement that established the final remedies and the future water quality criteria at the site.
CMS Land completed all construction necessary to implement the remedies required by the agreement and will continue to maintain and operate a system to discharge treated leachate into Little Traverse Bay under an NPDES permit issued in 2010 and renewed in October 2016.
The renewed NPDES permit is valid through September 2020.
Various claims have been brought against CMS Land or its affiliates, including CMS Energy, alleging environmental damage to property, loss of property value, insufficient disclosure of environmental matters, breach of agreement relating to access, or other matters.
CMS Land and other parties have received a demand for payment from the EPA in the amount of $8 million, plus interest and costs.
The EPA is seeking recovery under CERCLA of response costs allegedly incurred at Bay Harbor.
These costs exceed what was agreed to in a 2005 order between CMS Land and the EPA, and CMS Land has communicated to the EPA that it does not believe that this is a valid claim.
The EPA has filed a lawsuit to collect these costs.
At December 31, 2017, CMS Energy had a recorded liability of $48 million for its remaining obligations for environmental remediation.
CMS Energy calculated this liability based on discounted projected costs, using a discount rate of 4.34 percent and an inflation rate of one percent on annual operating and maintenance costs.
The undiscounted amount of the remaining obligation is $61 million.
CMS Energy expects to pay the following amounts for long-term liquid disposal and operating and maintenance costs in each of the next five years:
## Table 0 ##
CMS Energy’s estimate of response activity costs and the timing of expenditures could change if there are changes in circumstances or assumptions used in calculating the liability.
Although a liability for its present estimate of remaining response activity costs has been recorded, CMS Energy cannot predict the ultimate financial impact or outcome of this matter.
CMS Energy and Consumers classify fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Presented in the following table are CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
## Table 1 ##
All assets and liabilities were classified as Level 1 with the exception of commodity contracts, which were classified as Level 3.
Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents consist of money market funds with daily liquidity.
Short-term debt instruments classified as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets are not included since they are recorded at amortized cost.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan Assets and Liabilities: The nonqualified deferred compensation plan assets consist of mutual funds, which are valued using the daily quoted net asset values.
CMS Energy and Consumers value their nonqualified deferred compensation plan liabilities based on the fair values of the plan assets, as they reflect the amount owed to the plan participants in accordance with their investment elections.
CMS Energy and Consumers report the assets in other non-current assets and the liabilities in other non-current liabilities on their consolidated balance sheets.
DB SERP Assets: The DB SERP cash equivalents consist of a money market fund with daily liquidity.
During 2017, CMS Energy and Consumers sold the mutual fund securities and used the proceeds to purchase U. S.  Treasury debt securities.
CMS Energy and Consumers value the U. S.  Treasury debt securities at their daily quoted market prices.
Prior to the sale, the DB SERP mutual funds held primarily fixed-income instruments of varying maturities.
CMS Energy and Consumers report their DB SERP assets in other non-current assets on their consolidated balance sheets.
For additional details about DB SERP securities, see Note 7, Financial Instruments.
Performance Graph The following graph compares the performance of our common stock with that of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Healthcare Equipment Index.
The cumulative total return listed below assumes an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2008 and reinvestment of dividends.
COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
## Table 2 ##
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 94 “Business Segments” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, included elsewhere in this report.
Analysis of Financial Condition — December 31, 2014 Compared with December 31, 2013 Loans and Leases The following table shows the composition of loans and leases, including non-core loans, as of:
## Table 3 ##
(1)  Our SBO portfolio consists of home equity loans and lines that were originally serviced by others.
We now service a portion of this portfolio internally.
( 2) Excluded from the table above are loans held for sale totaling $281 million and $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Loans held for sale as of December 31, 2013 primarily related to the Chicago Divestiture.
For further discussion, see Note 17 “Divestitures and Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, included elsewhere in this report.
(3)  Mortgage loans serviced for others by our subsidiaries are not included above, and amounted to $17.9 billion and $18.7 billion at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Our loans and leases are disclosed in portfolio segments and classes.
Our loan and lease portfolio segments are commercial and retail.
The classes of loans and leases are: commercial, commercial real estate, leases, residential mortgages, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, home equity loans serviced by others, home equity lines of credit serviced by others, automobile, student, credit cards and other retail.
As of December 31, 2014, our loans and leases portfolio increased $7.6 billion, or 9%, to $93.4 billion compared to $85.9 billion as of December 31, 2013, reflecting growth in both retail and commercial.
Total commercial loans and leases of $43.2 billion grew $3.8 billion, or 10%, from $39.4 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Total retail loans of $50.2 billion increased $3.7 billion, or 8%, from $46.5 billion as of December 31, 2013, driven by a 35% increase in automobile loans reflecting both purchases associated with our flow purchase agreement and stronger originations.
Residential mortgages increased 22%, reflecting the benefit of purchases and our decision to retain more originations on balance sheet.
Results also reflected a reduction in home equity outstandings, including runoff in the serviced by others portfolio.
public debt and equity markets as well as our ability to sell trade accounts receivables, provide additional sources of short-term and long-term liquidity to fund current operations, debt maturities, and future investment opportunities.
Based on our current financial position and expected economic performance, we do not believe that our liquidity will be adversely impacted by an inability to access our sources of financing.

<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><i>In Millions</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2019</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td> CMS Energy</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Long-term liquid disposal and operating and maintenance costs</td><td>$5</td><td>$4</td><td>$4</td><td>$4</td><td>$4</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>In Millions</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">CMS Energy, including Consumers</td><td colspan="2">Consumers</td></tr><tr><td>December 31</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td><i>Assets</i><i>1</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash equivalents</td><td>$74</td><td>$44</td><td>$-</td><td>$-</td></tr><tr><td>Restricted cash equivalents</td><td>17</td><td>19</td><td>17</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>CMS Energy common stock</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>21</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified deferred compensation plan assets</td><td>14</td><td>12</td><td>10</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><i>DB SERP</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash equivalents</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Debt securities</td><td>141</td><td>-</td><td>102</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Mutual funds</td><td>-</td><td>141</td><td>-</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td><i>Derivative instruments</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commodity contracts</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$252</td><td>$220</td><td>$155</td><td>$165</td></tr><tr><td><i>Liabilities</i><i>1</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified deferred compensation plan liabilities</td><td>$14</td><td>$12</td><td>$10</td><td>$8</td></tr><tr><td><i>Derivative instruments</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commodity contracts</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$15</td><td>$12</td><td>$10</td><td>$8</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Total Cumulative Return</td><td>2009</td><td>2010</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td>Edwards Lifesciences</td><td>$158.05</td><td>$294.23</td><td>$257.32</td><td>$328.19</td><td>$239.34</td></tr><tr><td>S&P 500</td><td>126.46</td><td>145.51</td><td>148.59</td><td>172.37</td><td>228.19</td></tr><tr><td>S&P 500 Healthcare Equipment Index</td><td>120.83</td><td>117.02</td><td>123.37</td><td>145.84</td><td>186.00</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td><td>Change</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial</td><td>$31,431</td><td>$28,667</td><td>$2,764</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial real estate</td><td>7,809</td><td>6,948</td><td>861</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Leases</td><td>3,986</td><td>3,780</td><td>206</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial</td><td>43,226</td><td>39,395</td><td>3,831</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Residential mortgages</td><td>11,832</td><td>9,726</td><td>2,106</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity loans</td><td>3,424</td><td>4,301</td><td>-877</td><td>-20</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity lines of credit</td><td>15,423</td><td>15,667</td><td>-244</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity loans serviced by others<sup>-1</sup></td><td>1,228</td><td>1,492</td><td>-264</td><td>-18</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity lines of credit serviced by others<sup>-1</sup></td><td>550</td><td>679</td><td>-129</td><td>-19</td></tr><tr><td>Automobile</td><td>12,706</td><td>9,397</td><td>3,309</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Student</td><td>2,256</td><td>2,208</td><td>48</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Credit cards</td><td>1,693</td><td>1,691</td><td>2</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other retail</td><td>1,072</td><td>1,303</td><td>-231</td><td>-18</td></tr><tr><td>Total retail</td><td>50,184</td><td>46,464</td><td>3,720</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Total loans and leases<sup>-2 (3)</sup></td><td>$93,410</td><td>$85,859</td><td>$7,551</td><td>9%</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the cumulative percentage return for five year period ended 2013?
Answer: 1.3934