U. S.  equity securities and international equity securities categorized as Level 1 are traded on active national and international exchanges and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year.
For U. S.  equity securities and international equity securities not traded on an active exchange, or if the closing price is not available, the trustee obtains indicative quotes from a pricing vendor, broker or investment manager.
These securities are categorized as Level 2 if the custodian obtains corroborated quotes from a pricing vendor or categorized as Level 3 if the custodian obtains uncorroborated quotes from a broker or investment manager.
Commingled equity funds categorized as Level 1 are traded on active national and international exchanges and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year.
For commingled equity funds not traded on an active exchange, or if the closing price is not available, the trustee obtains indicative quotes from a pricing vendor, broker or investment manager.
These securities are categorized as Level 2 if the custodian obtains corroborated quotes from a pricing vendor.
Fixed income investments categorized as Level 2 are valued by the trustee using pricing models that use verifiable observable market data (e. g. , interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals and credit spreads), bids provided by brokers or dealers or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics.
Fixed income investments are categorized at Level 3 when valuations using observable inputs are unavailable.
The trustee obtains pricing based on indicative quotes or bid evaluations from vendors, brokers or the investment manager.
Commodities are traded on an active commodity exchange and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year.
Certain commingled equity funds, consisting of equity mutual funds, are valued using the NAAV.
The NAVA valuations are based on the underlying investments and typically redeemable within 90 days.
Private equity funds consist of partnership and co-investment funds.
The NAVA is based on valuation models of the underlying securities, which includes unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated using verifiable observable market data.
These funds typically have redemption periods between eight and 12 years.
Real estate funds consist of partnerships, most of which are closed-end funds, for which the NAAV is based on valuation models and periodic appraisals.
These funds typically have redemption periods between eight and 10 years.
Hedge funds consist of direct hedge funds for which the NAAVis generally based on the valuation of the underlying investments.
Redemptions in hedge funds are based on the specific terms of each fund, and generally range from a minimum of one month to several months.
Contributions and Expected Benefit Payments The funding of our qualified defined benefit pension plans is determined in accordance with ERISA, as amended by the PPA, and in a manner consistent with CAS and Internal Revenue Code rules.
There were no material contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans during 2017.
We will make contributions of $5.0 billion to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2018, including required and discretionary contributions.
As a result of these contributions, we do not expect any material qualified defined benefit cash funding will be required until 2021.
We plan to fund these contributions using a mix of cash on hand and commercial paper.
While we do not anticipate a need to do so, our capital structure and resources would allow us to issue new debt if circumstances change.
The following table presents estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future employee service, as of December 31, 2017 (in millions):
## Table 0 ##
Defined Contribution Plans We maintain a number of defined contribution plans, most with 401(k) features, that cover substantially all of our employees.
Under the provisions of our 401(k) plans, we match most employees’ eligible contributions at rates specified in the plan documents.
Our contributions were $613 million in 2017, $617 million in 2016 and $393 million in 2015, the majority of which were funded using our common stock.
Our defined contribution plans held approximately 35.5 million and 36.9 million shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Analysis of Interest Changes Due to Volume and Rate (Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis) Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume change.
” Net interest income is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “rate change”.
The following table sets forth changes in interest income for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest expense for each major category of interest-bearing liabilities.
The table also reflects the amount of simultaneous changes attributable to both volume and rate changes for the years indicated.
For this table, changes that are not solely due to either volume or rate are allocated in proportion to the percentage changes in average volume and average rate.
## Table 1 ##
Provision for (Recovery of) Loan Losses The provision for loan losses is based on our evaluation of the adequacy of the existing allowance for loan losses in relation to total loans and on our periodic assessment of the inherent and identified risk dynamics of the loan portfolio resulting from reviews of selected individual loans.
For a more detailed discussion of credit quality and the allowance for loan losses, see Item 7.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Item 7.
Consolidated Financial Condition—Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan Losses.
We recorded a provision for loan losses of $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to a provision of $0.2 million in 2005 and a recovery of $10.3 million in 2004.
The increase in provision for loan losses in 2006 is primarily related to the growth in our loan portfolio.
We realized net charge-offs of $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $1.1 million of net recoveries in 2005 and net charge-offs of $2.0 million in 2004.  Credit quality remained strong with nonperforming loans at 0.31% of total gross loans as of December 31, 2006, compared to 0.26% in 2005 and 0.64% in 2004.
Derivatives The gross positive fair values of derivative assets are recorded as a component of the other assets line item on the balance sheet.
The gross negative fair values of derivative liabilities are recorded as a component of other liabilities line item on the balance sheet.
Derivative assets are recorded as a component of other assets and liabilities and are comprised of the following as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
## Table 2 ##
Equity warrant assets increased by $9.9 million in 2006, compared to 2005, due to new equity warrant assets of $9.1 million and non-cash increase in fair value of $13.0 million.
These increases were partially offset by exercised equity warrant assets of $6.5 million and terminated equity warrant assets of $5.7 million.
Equity warrant assets decreased by $1.1 million in 2005, compared to 2004, due to new equity warrant assets of $7.4 million and non-cash increase in fair value of $6.3 million.
These increases were partially offset by exercised equity warrant assets of $11.8 million and terminated equity warrant assets of $3.0 million.
On October 30, 2003, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $50.0 million.
This agreement hedges against the risk of changes in the fair value associated with the majority of our 7.0% fixed rate, junior subordinated debentures, which management evaluates for effectiveness using the statistical regression analysis approach for each reporting period.
For information on our junior subordinated debentures, see Note 12.
Borrowings.
The terms of the interest rate swap agreement provide for a swap of our 7.0% fixed rate payment for a variable rate based on the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a spread.
This interest rate swap agreement provided cash benefit of $0.3 million, $1.2 million, and $2.2 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
The swap agreement largely mirrors the terms of the junior subordinated debentures and therefore is callable by the counterparty anytime on or after October 30, 2008.
All components of the swap’s gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Changes in fair value of the fair value hedge agreement, which is primarily dependent on changes in market interest rates, are recognized in net income as gains or losses on derivative instruments.
We recorded a non-cash decrease in fair value of $3.3 million for the interest rate swap agreement prior to its designation as a fair value hedge and $0.3 million for the fair value hedge agreement implemented in April 2006, which were reflected in gains on derivative instruments, net.
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts with clients involved in international trade finance activities, either as the purchaser or seller of foreign currency at a future date, depending upon the clients’ need.
We enter into an opposite way foreign exchange forward contract with a correspondent bank to economically hedge these contracts, which mitigates the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, for each of the foreign exchange forward contracts entered into with our clients.
These contracts are short term in nature, typically expiring within one year.
We also enter into foreign exchange forward contracts with correspondent banks to economically hedge foreign exchange risk related to certain foreign currency denominated loans.
At December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the aggregate notional amounts of these contracts totaled $562.2 million, $432.7 million and $525.4 million, respectively.
The maximum credit exposure for counterparty nonperformance for foreign exchange forward contracts with both clients and correspondent banks at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 amounted to $7.3 million, $5.7 million and
Cash used for investing activities was $567.9 million for 2005.
Net cash outflow was primarily driven by a net increase in loans of $549.4 million and purchases of premises and equipment of $18.3 million.
In addition, purchases of investment securities of $534.3 million, offset by $27.3 million in proceeds from the sale of investment securities and $495.4 million in proceeds from maturities and pay-downs of investment securities also contributed to the net cash outflow.
Cash provided by financing activities was $289.2 million for 2005, largely driven by net increases in other borrowings of $269.7 million and capital contributions from minority interest participants net of distributions of $45.4 million.
Deposits and proceeds from the issuance of common stock due to exercises of employee stock options also contributed $33.2 million and $18.6 million, respectively.
These sources of cash were offset by repurchases of our common stock of $77.7 million during 2005.
Cash and cash equivalents were $462.1 million at December 31, 2005.2004 Cash provided by operating activities for 2004 was $94.3 million, which included net income of $63.9 million.
Significant adjustments for noncash items included $9.9 million in tax benefits related to stock compensation, depreciation and amortization of $8.8 million, and deferred income tax expense of $5.6 million, offset by a net recovery of loan losses of $10.3 million, amortization of deferred warrant related loan fees of $5.7 million and net investment gains of $5.2 million.
Sources of cash from changes in other assets and liabilities included increases in accrued retention, incentive plans and other compensation benefits payable of $17.3 million and a decrease in income tax receivable of $4.6 million.
These sources of cash were offset by a $7.3 million increase in accounts receivable and an increase in accrued interest receivable of $3.4 million.
Cash used for investing activities was $876.3 million for 2004.
Net cash outflow was primarily driven by purchases of investment securities of $1.4 billion, partially offset by $162.0 million in proceeds from the sale of investment securities and $729.2 million in proceeds from maturities and pay-downs of investment securities.
A net increase in loans of $341.7 million also contributed to the net cash outflow.
Cash provided by financing activities was $573.9 million for 2004, largely driven by net increases in deposits of $552.7 million.
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock due to exercises of employee stock options and capital contributions from minority interest participants net of distributions also contributed $25.1 million and $16.9 million, respectively.
These sources of cash were offset by repurchases of our common stock of $12.6 million during 2004 and a decrease in other borrowings of $8.1 million.
Cash and cash equivalents were $627.2 million at December 31, 2004.
Financial Ratios

<table><tr><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2019</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2022</td><td>2023 – 2027</td></tr><tr><td>Qualified defined benefit pension plans</td><td>$2,450</td><td>$2,480</td><td>$2,560</td><td>$2,630</td><td>$2,700</td><td>$14,200</td></tr><tr><td>Retiree medical and life insurance plans</td><td>180</td><td>180</td><td>180</td><td>180</td><td>180</td><td>820</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="3">2006 Compared to 2005 Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in</td><td colspan="3">2005 Compared to 2004 Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in</td></tr><tr><td> (Dollars in thousands)</td><td>Volume</td><td>Rate</td><td>Total</td><td>Volume</td><td>Rate</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Interest income:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Securities purchased under agreement to resell and other short-term investments</td><td>$-2,887</td><td>$4,445</td><td>$1,558</td><td>$-5,484</td><td>$6,594</td><td>$1,110</td></tr><tr><td>Investment securities</td><td>-14,058</td><td>3,602</td><td>-10,456</td><td>9,242</td><td>2,856</td><td>12,098</td></tr><tr><td>Loans</td><td>51,249</td><td>28,469</td><td>79,718</td><td>36,575</td><td>25,104</td><td>61,679</td></tr><tr><td>Increase in interest income, net</td><td>34,304</td><td>36,516</td><td>70,820</td><td>40,333</td><td>34,554</td><td>74,887</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NOW deposits</td><td>16</td><td>1</td><td>17</td><td>29</td><td>-9</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Regular money market deposits</td><td>-1,515</td><td>356</td><td>-1,159</td><td>-611</td><td>858</td><td>247</td></tr><tr><td>Bonus money market deposits</td><td>-1,820</td><td>501</td><td>-1,319</td><td>279</td><td>2,057</td><td>2,336</td></tr><tr><td>Time deposits</td><td>145</td><td>288</td><td>433</td><td>-202</td><td>109</td><td>-93</td></tr><tr><td>Short-term borrowings</td><td>17,146</td><td>1,287</td><td>18,433</td><td>2,698</td><td>—</td><td>2,698</td></tr><tr><td>Contingently convertible debt</td><td>5</td><td>-17</td><td>-12</td><td>6</td><td>-8</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Junior subordinated debentures</td><td>44</td><td>837</td><td>881</td><td>-2</td><td>827</td><td>825</td></tr><tr><td>Other long-term debt</td><td>464</td><td>278</td><td>742</td><td>-279</td><td>23</td><td>-256</td></tr><tr><td>Increase in interest expense, net</td><td>14,485</td><td>3,531</td><td>18,016</td><td>1,918</td><td>3,857</td><td>5,775</td></tr><tr><td>Increase in net interest income</td><td>$19,819</td><td>$32,985</td><td>$52,804</td><td>$38,415</td><td>$30,697</td><td>$69,112</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="5"> Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td> (Dollars in thousands)</td><td>2006</td><td>2005</td><td> %Change  2006/2005</td><td>2004</td><td> %Change  2005/2004</td></tr><tr><td> Assets (liabilities):</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Equity warrant assets</td><td>$37,725</td><td>$27,802</td><td>35.7%</td><td>$28,928</td><td>-3.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Interest rate swap</td><td>-1,890</td><td>-1,314</td><td>43.8</td><td>49</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange forward and option contracts</td><td>-164</td><td>766</td><td>-121.4</td><td>-431</td><td>-277.7</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$35,671</td><td>$27,254</td><td>30.9%</td><td>$28,546</td><td>-4.5%</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the 2005 Compared to 2004 Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in Volume for Loans? (in thousand)
Answer: 36575