Included in the Corporate and Consumer loan tables above are purchased distressed loans, which are loans that have evidenced significant credit deterioration subsequent to origination but prior to acquisition by Citigroup.
In accordance with SOP 03-3, the difference between the total expected cash flows for these loans and the initial recorded investments is recognized in income over the life of the loans using a level yield.
Accordingly, these loans have been excluded from the impaired loan information presented above.
In addition, per SOP 03-3, subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows for a purchased distressed loan require a build of an allowance so the loan retains its level yield.
However, increases in the expected cash flows are first recognized as a reduction of any previously established allowance and then recognized as income prospectively over the remaining life of the loan by increasing the loan’s level yield.
Where the expected cash flows cannot be reliably estimated, the purchased distressed loan is accounted for under the cost recovery method.
The carrying amount of the Company’s purchased distressed loan portfolio at December 31, 2010 was $392 million, net of an allowance of $77 million as of December 31, 2010.
The changes in the accretable yield, related allowance and carrying amount net of accretable yield for 2010 are as follows:
## Table 0 ##
(1) The balance reported in the column “Carrying amount of loan receivable” consists of $130 million of purchased loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $0 under the cost-recovery method.
These balances represent the fair value of these loans at their acquisition date.
The related total expected cash flows for the level-yield loans were $131 million at their acquisition dates.
(2) The balance reported in the column “Carrying amount of loan receivable” consists of $315 million of loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $154 million accounted for under the cost-recovery method.
## Table 1 ##
(1) The nonqualified plans of the Company are unfunded.
(2) The U. S.  qualified pension plan is fully funded under specified Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) funding rules as of January 1, 2016 and no minimum required funding is expected for 2016.
The following table summarizes our significant financial strength and debt ratings from the major independent rating organizations.
The debt ratings shown are indicative ratings.
Outstanding issuances are rated the same as indicative ratings unless otherwise noted.
Actual ratings can differ from indicative ratings based on contractual terms.
## Table 2 ##
(1) Moody’s has rated Principal Financial Group’s senior debt issuance ‘‘A3’’ (2) S&P has rated Principal Financial Group’s preferred stock issuance ‘‘BB’’ Impacts of Income Taxes For income tax information, see Item 8.
‘‘Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 10, Income Taxes.
’’ Fair Value Measurement Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price).
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels for disclosure purposes.
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority (Level 1) to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and gives the lowest priority (Level 3) to unobservable inputs.
An asset or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation.
See Item 8.
‘‘Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, Fair Value Measurements’’ for further details, including a reconciliation of changes in Level 3 fair value measurements.
As of December 31, 2010, 43% of our net assets (liabilities) were Level 1, 53% were Level 2 and 4% were Level 3.
Excluding separate account assets as of December 31, 2010, 2% of our net assets (liabilities) were Level 1, 96% were Level 2 and 2% were Level 3.
As of December 31, 2009, 37% of our net assets (liabilities) were Level 1, 58% were Level 2 and 5% were Level 3.
Excluding separate account assets as of December 31, 2009, 3% of our net assets (liabilities) were Level 1, 95% were Level 2 and 2% were Level 3.
Changes in Level 3 fair value measurements Net assets (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2010, were $4,691.4 million as compared to $5,276.5 million as of December 31, 2009.
The decrease is primarily related to fixed maturities, available-for-sale and separate account assets.
The decrease in fixed maturities, available-for-sale is primarily the result of our obtaining prices from third party pricing vendors versus relying on broker quotes or internal pricing models for certain structured securities, resulting in the transfer of those assets out of Level 3 to Level 2.
Another large component of the decrease is the result of sales and settlements of certain corporate and structured securities.
Additionally, as a result of our implementation of new authoritative guidance related to the accounting for embedded credit derivatives effective July 1, 2010, within the scope of the guidance we reclassified certain securities previously included in fixed maturities, available-for-sale, to fixed maturities, trading.
The decrease in separate account assets is primarily a result of real estate sales.
These decreases are partially offset by a net increase in fair value of Level 3 instruments related to the implementation of new authoritative guidance related to the accounting for VIEs effective January 1, 2010.
As a result of the new guidance, certain previously unconsolidated VIEs were consolidated and certain previously consolidated VIEs were deconsolidated.
The fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities of the newly consolidated and deconsolidated VIEs is primarily included in the net change for fixed maturities, trading; other investments; derivative liabilities and other liabilities.
Net assets (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2009, were $5,276.5 million as compared to $7,002.0 million as of December 31, 2008.
The decrease is primarily attributed to separate account assets.
The decrease in separate account assets is primarily a result of unrealized losses on real estate.
Unrealized losses on separate accounts do not impact net income in the consolidated statements of operations, as the change in value of separate account assets is offset by a change in value of separate account liabilities.

<table><tr><td>In millions of dollars</td><td>Accretable yield</td><td>Carrying amount of loan receivable</td><td>Allowance</td></tr><tr><td>Beginning balance</td><td>$27</td><td>$920</td><td>$95</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases-1</td><td>1</td><td>130</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Disposals/payments received</td><td>-11</td><td>-594</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Accretion</td><td>-44</td><td>44</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Builds (reductions) to the allowance</td><td>128</td><td>—</td><td>-18</td></tr><tr><td>Increase to expected cash flows</td><td>-2</td><td>19</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>FX/other</td><td>17</td><td>-50</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Balance at December 31, 2010-2</td><td>$116</td><td>$469</td><td>$77</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Pension plans</td><td colspan="4">Postretirement benefit plans</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">U.S. plans</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. plans</td><td colspan="2">U.S. plans</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. plans</td></tr><tr><td>In millions of dollars</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>Change in plan assets</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year</td><td>$13,071</td><td>$12,731</td><td>$7,057</td><td>$6,918</td><td>$10</td><td>$32</td><td>$1,384</td><td>$1,472</td></tr><tr><td>Actual return on plan assets</td><td>-183</td><td>941</td><td>56</td><td>1,108</td><td>-1</td><td>2</td><td>-5</td><td>166</td></tr><tr><td>Company contributions</td><td>—</td><td>100</td><td>134</td><td>230</td><td>235</td><td>56</td><td>9</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Plan participants’ contributions</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>49</td><td>51</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Divestitures</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-131</td><td>-11</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-61</td><td>-184</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid, net of government subsidy</td><td>-751</td><td>-701</td><td>-299</td><td>-357</td><td>-127</td><td>-131</td><td>-57</td><td>-93</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange impact and other</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-657</td><td>-652</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-198</td><td>-173</td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td>$12,137</td><td>$13,071</td><td>$6,104</td><td>$7,057</td><td>$166</td><td>$10</td><td>$1,133</td><td>$1,384</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified plans</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Plan assets at fair value at year end</td><td>$12,137</td><td>$13,071</td><td>$6,104</td><td>$7,057</td><td>$166</td><td>$10</td><td>$1,133</td><td>$1,384</td></tr><tr><td>Funded status of the plans</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans<sup>-2</sup></td><td>$-1,094</td><td>$-989</td><td>$-430</td><td>$-195</td><td>$-651</td><td>$-907</td><td>$-158</td><td>$-143</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified plans<sup>-1</sup></td><td>-712</td><td>-779</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Funded status of the plans at year end</td><td>$-1,806</td><td>$-1,768</td><td>$-430</td><td>$-195</td><td>$-651</td><td>$-907</td><td>$-158</td><td>$-143</td></tr><tr><td>Net amount recognized</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefit asset</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$726</td><td>$921</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$115</td><td>$196</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit liability</td><td>-1,094</td><td>-989</td><td>-1,156</td><td>-1,116</td><td>-651</td><td>-907</td><td>-273</td><td>-339</td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td>$-1,094</td><td>$-989</td><td>$-430</td><td>$-195</td><td>$-651</td><td>$-907</td><td>$-158</td><td>$-143</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified plans</td><td>-712</td><td>-779</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net amount recognized on the balance sheet</td><td>$-1,806</td><td>$-1,768</td><td>$-430</td><td>$-195</td><td>$-651</td><td>$-907</td><td>$-158</td><td>$-143</td></tr><tr><td>Amounts recognized inAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net transition obligation</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$-1</td><td>$-1</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td></tr><tr><td>Prior service benefit</td><td>—</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>13</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>125</td><td>157</td></tr><tr><td>Net actuarial gain (loss)</td><td>-6,107</td><td>-5,819</td><td>-1,613</td><td>-1,690</td><td>3</td><td>-56</td><td>-547</td><td>-658</td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td>$-6,107</td><td>$-5,816</td><td>$-1,609</td><td>$-1,678</td><td>$3</td><td>$-56</td><td>$-422</td><td>$-501</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified plans</td><td>-266</td><td>-325</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net amount recognized in equity (pretax)</td><td>$-6,373</td><td>$-6,141</td><td>$-1,609</td><td>$-1,678</td><td>$3</td><td>$-56</td><td>$-422</td><td>$-501</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated benefit obligation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qualified plans</td><td>$13,226</td><td>$14,050</td><td>$6,049</td><td>$6,699</td><td>$817</td><td>$917</td><td>$1,291</td><td>$1,527</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified plans</td><td>706</td><td>771</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated benefit obligation at year end</td><td>$13,932</td><td>$14,821</td><td>$6,049</td><td>$6,699</td><td>$817</td><td>$917</td><td>$1,291</td><td>$1,527</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td> A.M. Best</td><td> Fitch</td><td> Standard & Poor's</td><td> Moody's</td></tr><tr><td> Principal Financial Group</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Senior Unsecured Debt -1</td><td></td><td></td><td>BBB</td><td>Baa1</td></tr><tr><td>Preferred Stock -2</td><td></td><td></td><td>BB+</td><td>Baa3</td></tr><tr><td> Principal Financial Services</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Senior Unsecured Debt</td><td></td><td></td><td>BBB</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial Paper</td><td></td><td>F-1</td><td>A-2</td><td>P-2</td></tr><tr><td> Principal Life Insurance Company</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insurer Financial Strength</td><td>A+</td><td>AA-</td><td>A</td><td>Aa3</td></tr><tr><td>Enterprise Risk Management Rating</td><td></td><td></td><td>Strong</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Principal National Life Insurance Company</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insurer Financial Strength</td><td>A+</td><td>AA-</td><td>A</td><td>Aa3</td></tr></table>

Question: Which year is Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year in U.S. Pension plans the most?
Answer: 2015