FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FS-39 NOTE 17.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued) In general, our defined benefit pension plans are funded (i. e. , have restricted assets from which benefits are paid).
Our unfunded defined benefit pension plans are treated on a “pay as you go” basis with benefit payments from general Company cash.
These unfunded plans primarily include certain plans in Germany, and the U. S.  defined benefit plans for senior management.
OPEB.
We have defined benefit OPEB plans, primarily certain health care and life insurance benefits, covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, and other locations.
The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U. S.  plans.
Our OPEB plans are unfunded and the benefits are paid from general Company cash.
Defined Contribution and Savings Plans.
We also have defined contribution and savings plans for hourly and salaried employees in the United States and other locations.
Company contributions to these plans, if any, are made from general Company cash and are expensed as incurred.
The expense for our worldwide defined contribution and savings plans was $340 million, $377 million, and $393 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively.
This includes the expense for Company-matching contributions to our primary employee savings plan in the United States of $132 million, $142 million, and $143 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively.
Defined Benefit Plans – Expense and Status The assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost/(income) were as follows:
## Table 0 ##
The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
## Table 1 ##
In the first quarter of 2018, we amended the U. S.  defined benefit plans for senior management.
Effective December 31, 2019, the plans will have a 35-year limit for service and pay for purposes of determining the pension benefits.
As a result, we recognized both a remeasurement gain and a curtailment gain related to this amendment.
Item 1.  Business (Continued) 14 EMPLOYMENT DATA The approximate number of individuals employed by us and entities that we consolidated as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 was as follows (in thousands)
## Table 2 ##
Substantially all of the hourly employees in our Automotive operations are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements.
In the United States, approximately 99% of these unionized hourly employees in our Automotive segment are represented by the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (“UAW” or “United Auto Workers”).
At December 31, 2018, approximately 55,400 hourly employees in the United States were represented by the UAW.
Approximately 1% of our U. S.  salaried employees are represented by unions.
Many non-management salaried employees at our operations outside of the United States also are represented by unions.
In 2018, we entered into collective bargaining agreements (covering wages, benefits, and/or other employment provisions) with unions in Argentina, Brazil, Germany, India, Mexico, Russia, Spain, and Thailand.
In 2019, we will negotiate collective bargaining agreements (covering wages, benefits, and/or other employment provisions) with unions in Brazil, France, India, Mexico, Russia, Romania, South Africa, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors.
We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) the most significant risk factors applicable to us: Ford’s long-term competitiveness depends on the successful execution of fitness actions.
We have announced fitness redesign plans to transform the operational fitness of our business by becoming more customer centric and adopting processes that emphasize simplicity, speed and agility, efficiency, and accountability.
We are working on 18 major initiatives as part of our fitness redesign efforts.
In addition, to further improve our fitness and overall competitiveness, we are leveraging relationships with third parties, including the recently announced alliance with Volkswagen AG to develop commercial vans and medium-sized pickups for global markets beginning as early as 2022.
The goal of the alliance is to drive scale and efficiencies and enable both companies to share investments in vehicle architectures.
If our fitness actions are not successful or are delayed, we may not be able to materially lower costs in the near term or improve our competitiveness in the long term, which could have an adverse effect on our profitability.
Industry sales volume, particularly in the United States, Europe, or China, can be volatile and could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession, or significant geopolitical event.
Because we, like other manufacturers, have a high proportion of relatively fixed structural costs, relatively small changes in industry sales volume can have a substantial effect on our cash flow and profitability.
Industry vehicle sales are affected by overall economic and market conditions.
If industry vehicle sales were to decline to levels significantly below our planning assumption, particularly in the United States, Europe, or China, the decline could have a substantial adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow.
For a discussion of economic trends, see the “Overview” section of Item 7.
Leased Real Property In September 2002, we completed a sale/leaseback transaction for our 200,000 square foot headquarters and manufacturing facility located in Bedford, Massachusetts and our 62,500 square foot LORAD manufacturing facility in Danbury, Connecticut.
The lease for these facilities, including the associated land, has a term of 20 years, with four-five year renewal options.
We sublease approximately 10,000 square feet of the Bedford facility to a subtenant, CMP Media, under a lease which expires in May 2006.
We also sublease approximately 11,000 square feet of the Bedford facility to a subtenant, Genesys Conferencing, under a lease which expires in February 2008.
We lease a 60,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Danbury, Connecticut near our Lorad manufacturing facility.
This lease expires in December 2012.
We also lease a sales and service office in Belgium.
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings.
In March 2005, we were served with a Complaint filed on November 12, 2004 by Oleg Sokolov with the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut alleging that our HTC?
grid infringes U. S.  Patent Number 5,970,118.
The plaintiff is seeking to preliminarily and permanently enjoin us from infringing the patent, as well as damages resulting from the alleged infringement, treble damages and reasonable attorney fees, and such other and further relief as may be available.
On April 25, 2005, we filed an Answer and Counterclaims in response to the complaint in which we denied the plaintiff’s allegations and, among other things, sought declaratory relief with respect to the patent claims and damages, as well as other relief.
On October 28, 1998, the plaintiff had previously sued Lorad, asserting, among other things, that Lorad had misappropriated the plaintiff’s trade secrets relating to the HTC Grid.
This previous case was dismissed on August 28, 2000.
The dismissal was affirmed by the Appellate Court of the State of Connecticut, and the United States Supreme Court refused to grant Certiorari.
We do not believe that we infringe any valid or enforceable patents of the plaintiff.
However, while we intend to vigorously defend our interests, ongoing litigation can be costly and time consuming, and we cannot guarantee that we will prevail.
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
At a special meeting of stockholders held November 15, 2005, our stockholders approved a proposal to amend our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock the Company has authority to issue from 30 million to 90 million.
The voting results for the proposal, not adjusted for the effect of the stock split, were as follows:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Pension Benefits</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="2">Worldwide OPEB</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Assumptions at December 31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>3.60%</td><td>4.29%</td><td>2.33%</td><td>2.48%</td><td>3.61%</td><td>4.17%</td></tr><tr><td>Average rate of increase in compensation</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.37</td><td>3.37</td><td>3.44</td><td>3.44</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost for the Year Ended December 31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate - Service cost</td><td>4.18%</td><td>3.67%</td><td>2.51%</td><td>2.39%</td><td>4.15%</td><td>3.70%</td></tr><tr><td>Effective interest rate on benefit obligation</td><td>3.40</td><td>3.22</td><td>2.07</td><td>2.02</td><td>3.41</td><td>3.27</td></tr><tr><td>Expected long-term rate of return on assets</td><td>6.75</td><td>6.75</td><td>5.19</td><td>4.51</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Average rate of increase in compensation</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.38</td><td>3.37</td><td>3.44</td><td>3.44</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="6">Pension Benefits</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="3">Non-U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="3">Worldwide OPEB</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$510</td><td>$534</td><td>$544</td><td>$483</td><td>$566</td><td>$588</td><td>$49</td><td>$49</td><td>$54</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>1,524</td><td>1,525</td><td>1,466</td><td>782</td><td>671</td><td>684</td><td>194</td><td>197</td><td>195</td></tr><tr><td>Expected return on assets</td><td>-2,693</td><td>-2,734</td><td>-2,887</td><td>-1,339</td><td>-1,375</td><td>-1,295</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)</td><td>170</td><td>143</td><td>143</td><td>38</td><td>37</td><td>25</td><td>-142</td><td>-120</td><td>-109</td></tr><tr><td>Net remeasurement (gain)/loss</td><td>900</td><td>-538</td><td>1,294</td><td>1,876</td><td>407</td><td>-76</td><td>220</td><td>293</td><td>-366</td></tr><tr><td>Separation programs/other</td><td>12</td><td>74</td><td>53</td><td>81</td><td>18</td><td>103</td><td>—</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements and curtailments</td><td>—</td><td>-354</td><td>-15</td><td>2</td><td>-3</td><td>-2</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic benefit cost/(income)</td><td>$423</td><td>$-1,350</td><td>$598</td><td>$1,923</td><td>$321</td><td>$27</td><td>$321</td><td>$421</td><td>$-225</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>South America</td><td>14</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>54</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Middle East & Africa</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Asia Pacific</td><td>23</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Total Automotive</td><td>194</td><td>191</td></tr><tr><td>Ford Credit</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Mobility</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Total Company</td><td>202</td><td>199</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the ratio of all U.S. Plans that are in the range of 0 and 200 to the sum of U.S. Plans, in 2016 for Pension Benefits?
Answer: 0.43026