ANALOG DEVICES, INC.  NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) of global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain.
Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of cost reimbursement arrangements among related entities.
Although the Company believes its estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different than that which is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals.
Such differences could have a material impact on the Company’s income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such determination is made.
On November 4, 2007 (the first day of its 2008 fiscal year), the Company adopted new accounting principles on accounting for uncertain tax positions.
These principles require companies to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any benefit can be recorded in the financial statements.
An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.
There were no changes to the Company’s liabilities for uncertain tax positions as a result of the adoption of these provisions.
As of October 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the Company had a liability of $18.4 million and $18.2 million, respectively, for gross unrealized tax benefits, all of which, if settled in the Company’s favor, would lower the Company’s effective tax rate in the period recorded.
In addition, as of October 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the Company had a liability of approximately $9.8 million and $8.0 million, respectively, for interest and penalties.
The total liability as of October 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009 of $28.3 million and $26.2 million, respectively, for uncertain tax positions is classified as non-current, and is included in other non-current liabilities, because the Company believes that the ultimate payment or settlement of these liabilities will not occur within the next twelve months.
Prior to the adoption of these provisions, these amounts were included in current income tax payable.
The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of income, and as a result, no change in classification was made upon adopting these provisions.
The condensed consolidated statements of income for fiscal years 2010, 2009 and 2008 include $1.8 million, $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of interest and penalties related to these uncertain tax positions.
Due to the complexity associated with its tax uncertainties, the Company cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate as to the period in which it expects to settle the liabilities associated with these uncertain tax positions.
The following table summarizes the changes in the total amounts of uncertain tax positions for fiscal 2008 through fiscal 2010.
## Table 0 ##
Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005 IRS Examination During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company’s fiscal years 2004 and 2005.
On January 2, 2008, the IRS issued its report for fiscal 2004 and 2005, which included proposed adjustments related to these two fiscal years.
The Company has recorded taxes and penalties related to certain of these proposed adjustments.
There are four items with an additional potential total tax liability of $46 million.
The Company has concluded, based on discussions with its tax advisors, that these four items are not likely to result in any additional tax liability.
Therefore, the Company has not recorded any additional tax liability for these items and is appealing these proposed adjustments through the normal processes for the resolution of differences between the IRS and taxpayers.
The Company’s initial meetings with the appellate division of the IRS were held during fiscal
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 73 Consumer Banking net income of $262 million in 2015 increased $80 million, or 44%, from 2014, reflecting higher revenue and lower expense.
Consumer Banking total revenue of $3.1 billion in 2015 increased $58 million from 2014 despite the impact of the Chicago Divestiture, driven by loan and deposit growth as well as growth in overall fee revenue tied to mortgage banking and service charges, net.
Net interest income of $2.2 billion increased 2% from 2014, driven by the benefit of loan growth, with particular strength in auto, residential mortgage and student loans of $910 million partially offset by the effect of the relatively persistent low-rate environment as well as the impact of the Chicago Divestiture.
Noninterest income increased 1% driven by strength in mortgage banking and higher service charges, partially offset by the Chicago Divestiture.
Noninterest expense of $2.5 billion in 2015 decreased $57 million, or 2%, from $2.5 billion in 2014, reflecting a combination of the Chicago Divestiture and cost saving actions, offset by the continued investment in the business to drive future growth.
Provision for credit losses of $252 million in 2015 decreased $7 million, or 3%, from $259 million in 2014, reflecting continued improvement in credit quality, partially offset by the continued growth in loan balances.
Commercial Banking
## Table 1 ##
(1) Average loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2014 include loans relating to the Chicago Divestiture.
(2) Average deposits held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2014 include deposits relating to the Chicago Divestiture.
(3) Ratios include both loans and leases held for sale and deposits held for sale.
(4) Operating segments are allocated capital on a risk-adjusted basis considering economic and regulatory capital requirements.
We approximate that regulatory capital is equivalent to a sustainable target level for CET1 capital and then allocate that approximation to the segments based on economic capital.
Commercial Banking net income of $579 million increased $18 million, or 3%, from 2014, as an increase in net interest income driven by strong balance sheet growth, deposit cost improvement and reduced impairment costs more than offset lower noninterest income and an increase in noninterest expense.
Net interest income of $1.2 billion in 2015 increased $89 million, or 8%, from 2014, reflecting the benefit of an increase of $3.9 billion in average loan balances and $3.6 billion in average deposits, partially offset by spread compression.
Noninterest income of $415 million in 2015 decreased $14 million, or 3%, from 2014 as the benefit of an increase in service charges and fees, interest rate products, and card fees was more than offset by lower leasing income, foreign exchange and letter of credit fees, and capital markets fee income.
## Table 2 ##
Costs that are incurred in or benefit from the productive process are accumulated as stockpiles.
We record stockpiles at the lower of average cost or net realizable value (“NRV”), and carrying values are evaluated at least quarterly.
NRV represents the estimated future sales price based on short-term and long-term metals prices, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale.
The primary factors that influence the need to record write-downs of stockpiles include shortterm and long-term metals prices and costs for production inputs such as labor, fuel and energy, materials and supplies, as well as realized ore grades and actual production levels.
The significant assumptions in determining the NRV for each mine site reporting unit at December 31, 2010 included production cost and capitalized expenditure assumptions unique to each operation, a long-term gold price of $1,100 per ounce, a long-term copper price of $3.00 per pound and U. S.  to Australian dollar exchange rate of $0.90 per A$1.00.
If short-term and long-term metals prices decrease, the value of the stockpiles decrease, and it may be necessary to record a write-down of stockpiles to NRV.
During 2008, we recorded a write-down of stockpiles to NRV of $2.
Cost allocation to stockpiles and the NRV measurement involves the use of estimates and assumptions unique to each mining operation regarding current and future operating and capital costs, metal recoveries, production levels, commodity prices, proven and probable reserve quantities, engineering data and other factors.
A high degree of judgment is involved in determining such assumptions and estimates and no assurance can be given that actual results will not differ significantly from those estimates and assumptions.
Carrying Value of Ore on Leach Pads Ore on leach pads represent ore that has been mined and placed on leach pads where a weak cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap to dissolve the gold.
Costs are added to ore on leach pads based on current mining costs, including applicable amortization relating to mining operations.
Costs are removed from ore on leach pads as ounces are recovered based on the average cost per estimated recoverable ounce of gold on the leach pad.
Estimates of recoverable gold on the leach pads are calculated from the quantities of ore placed on the leach pads (measured tons added to the leach pads), the grade of ore placed on the leach pads (based on assay data) and a recovery percentage (based on ore type).
In general, leach pads recover between 50% and 95% of the recoverable ounces in the first year of leaching, declining each year thereafter until the leaching process is complete.
Although the quantities of recoverable gold placed on the leach pads are reconciled by comparing the grades of ore placed on pads to the quantities of gold actually recovered (metallurgical balancing), the nature of the leaching process inherently limits the ability to precisely monitor inventory levels.
As a result, the metallurgical balancing process is constantly monitored and estimates are refined based on actual results over time.
Historically, our operating results have not been materially impacted by variations between the estimated and actual recoverable quantities of gold on its leach pads.
Variations between actual and estimated quantities resulting from changes in assumptions and estimates that do not result in write-downs to NRV are accounted for on a prospective basis.
The significant assumptions in determining the NRV for each mine site reporting unit at December 31, 2010 apart from production cost and capitalized expenditure assumptions unique to each operation included a long-term gold price of $1,100 per ounce.
If short-term and long-term metals prices

<table><tr><td>Balance, November 3, 2007</td><td>$9,889</td></tr><tr><td>Additions for tax positions of 2008</td><td>3,861</td></tr><tr><td>Balance, November 1, 2008</td><td>13,750</td></tr><tr><td>Additions for tax positions of 2009</td><td>4,411</td></tr><tr><td>Balance, October 31, 2009</td><td>18,161</td></tr><tr><td>Additions for tax positions of 2010</td><td>286</td></tr><tr><td>Balance, October 30, 2010</td><td>$18,447</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">As of and for the Year Ended December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>Change</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest income</td><td>$1,162</td><td>$1,073</td><td>$89</td><td>8%</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest income</td><td>415</td><td>429</td><td>-14</td><td>-3</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>1,577</td><td>1,502</td><td>75</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest expense</td><td>709</td><td>652</td><td>57</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Profit before provision for credit losses</td><td>868</td><td>850</td><td>18</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for credit losses</td><td>-13</td><td>-6</td><td>-7</td><td>-117</td></tr><tr><td>Income before income tax expense</td><td>881</td><td>856</td><td>25</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense</td><td>302</td><td>295</td><td>7</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>$579</td><td>$561</td><td>$18</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Loans and leases and loans held for sale (year-end)</td><td>$42,987</td><td>$39,861</td><td>$3,126</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Average Balances:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$42,800</td><td>$38,483</td><td>$4,317</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Loans and leases and loans held for sale<sup>-1</sup></td><td>41,593</td><td>37,683</td><td>3,910</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Deposits and deposits held for sale<sup>-2</sup></td><td>23,473</td><td>19,838</td><td>3,635</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Interest-earning assets</td><td>41,689</td><td>37,809</td><td>3,880</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Key Performance Metrics:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net interest margin</td><td>2.79%</td><td>2.84%</td><td>-5 bps</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Efficiency ratio</td><td>44.94</td><td>43.37</td><td>157 bps</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Average loans to average deposits ratio<sup>-3</sup></td><td>177.19</td><td>189.96</td><td>-1,277 bps</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Return on average total tangible assets</td><td>1.35</td><td>1.46</td><td>-11 bps</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Return on average tangible common equity<sup>-4</sup></td><td>12.41</td><td>13.43</td><td>-102 bps</td><td>—</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> At December 31,</td><td colspan="2"> At December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 2010</td><td> 2009</td><td> 2010</td><td> 2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> ($ in millions)</td><td colspan="2"> ($ per pound)</td></tr><tr><td>Copper</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boddington</td><td>$56</td><td>$13</td><td>$0.95</td><td>$0.51</td></tr><tr><td>Batu Hijau</td><td>737</td><td>701</td><td>0.47</td><td>0.38</td></tr><tr><td>Total/Weighted Average</td><td>$793</td><td>$714</td><td>$0.49</td><td>$0.38</td></tr></table>

Question: by what amount does the interest and penalties expense exceed the payment for interest and penalties in 2010?
Answer: 1.8