ADVANCE AUTO PARTS, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) December 30, 2006, December 31, 2005 and January 1, 2005 (in thousands, except per share data) 8.
Inventories, net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost being determined using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method for approximately 93% of inventories at both December 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005.
Under the LIFO method, the Company’s cost of sales reflects the costs of the most currently purchased inventories while the inventory carrying balance represents the costs relating to prices paid in prior years.
The Company’s costs to acquire inventory have been generally decreasing in recent years as a result of its significant growth.
Accordingly, the cost to replace inventory is less than the LIFO balances carried for similar product.
As a result of the LIFO method and the ability to obtain lower product costs, the Company recorded a reduction to cost of sales of $9,978 for fiscal year ended 2006, an increase in cost of sales of $526 for fiscal year ended 2005 and a reduction to cost of sales of $11,212 for fiscal year ended 2004.
The remaining inventories are comprised of product cores, which consist of the non-consumable portion of certain parts and batteries and are valued under the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method.
Core values are included as part of our merchandise costs and are either passed on to the customer or returned to the vendor.
Additionally, these products are not subject to the frequent cost changes like our other merchandise inventory, thus, there is no material difference from applying either the LIFO or FIFO valuation methods.
The Company capitalizes certain purchasing and warehousing costs into inventory.
Purchasing and warehousing costs included in inventory, at FIFO, at December 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, were $95,576 and $92,833, respectively.
Inventories consist of the following:
## Table 0 ##
Replacement cost approximated FIFO cost at December 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005.
Inventory quantities are tracked through a perpetual inventory system.
The Company uses a cycle counting program in all distribution centers, Parts Delivered Quickly warehouses, or PDQs, Local Area Warehouses, or LAWs, and retail stores to ensure the accuracy of the perpetual inventory quantities of both merchandise and core inventory.
The Company establishes reserves for estimated shrink based on historical accuracy and effectiveness of the cycle counting program.
The Company also establishes reserves for potentially excess and obsolete inventories based on current inventory levels and the historical analysis of product sales and current market conditions.
The nature of the Company’s inventory is such that the risk of obsolescence is minimal and excess inventory has historically been returned to the Company’s vendors for credit.
The Company provides reserves when less than full credit is expected from a vendor or when liquidating product will result in retail prices below recorded costs.
The Company’s reserves against inventory for these matters were $31,376 and $22,825 at December 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.9.
Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense when incurred; major improvements are capitalized.
When items are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, with any gain or loss reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.
Depreciation of land improvements, buildings, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and vehicles is provided over the estimated useful lives, which range from 2 to 40 years, of the respective assets using the straight-line method.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES We maintained a strong financial position throughout 2016 and as of 30 September 2016 our consolidated balance sheet included cash and cash items of $1,501.3.
The cash and cash items balance is higher than our historical trend and primarily results from transactions related to the anticipated spin-off of Versum and positive operating cash flows.
Approximately $1,000.0 of debt was raised by Versum in September which included a $575.0 term loan that drove an increase in cash and cash items.
We expect our cash balance and cash flows from operating and financing activities to meet liquidity needs for the foreseeable future.
As of 30 September 2016, we had $545.3 of foreign cash and cash items compared to a total amount of cash and cash items of $1,501.3.
If the foreign cash and cash items are needed for operations in the U. S.  or we otherwise elect to repatriate the funds, we may be required to accrue and pay U. S.  taxes on a significant portion of these amounts.
However, since we have significant current investment plans outside the U. S. , it is our intent to permanently reinvest the majority of our foreign cash and cash items outside the U. S.  Current financing alternatives do not require the repatriation of foreign funds.
Our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities from continuing operations, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the following table:
## Table 1 ##
Operating Activities For the year ended 2016, cash provided by operating activities was $2,707.4.
Income from continuing operations of $1,515.3 included a loss on extinguishment of debt of $6.9.
Income from continuing operations is adjusted for reconciling items that include depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, share-based compensation, noncurrent capital lease receivables, and undistributed earnings of unconsolidated affiliates.
Other adjustments of $155.2 were primarily driven by the remeasurement of intercompany transactions as the related hedging instruments that eliminate the earnings impact are included in other receivables and payables and accrued liabilities.
The working capital accounts were a use of cash of $20.1 that were primarily driven by trade receivables and other working capital partially offset by payables and accrued liabilities.
The use of cash from other working capital of $57.4 was primarily driven by advances associated with the purchase of helium.
The increase in payables and accrued liabilities of $57.0 was primarily related to an increase in customer advances which includes payment from our joint venture in Jazan, Saudi Arabia and was partially offset by the changes in the fair value of foreign exchange contracts that hedge intercompany loans.
For the year ended 2015, cash provided by operating activities was $2,446.4.
Income from continuing operations of $1,284.7 included the write-down of long-lived assets associated with business restructuring of $47.4, a noncash gain on the previously held equity interest of $17.9, and a loss on extinguishment of debt of $16.6.
Other adjustments included pension and postretirement expense of $141.4 and contributions to our pension plans of $137.5, primarily for plans in the U. S.  and U. K.  Management considers various factors when making pension funding decisions, including tax, cash flow, and regulatory implications.
The working capital accounts were a source of cash of $224.7.
The increase of payables and accrued liabilities of $156.2 includes an increase in accrued incentive compensation of $97.0.
For the year ended 2014, cash provided by operating activities was $2,190.1.
Income from continuing operations of $994.6 included the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $310.1.
Other adjustments included $143.2 for pension and other postretirement expense, partially offset by a use of cash of $78.2 for pension contributions.
The working capital accounts were a use of cash of $250.0.
Inventory was a use of cash of $23.5 primarily due to the timing of helium purchases.
The reduction of payables and accrued liabilities of $237.9 includes $148.5 for payments associated with projects accounted for as capital leases and $52.5 of payments related to the 2013 business restructuring and cost reduction plan.
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 74 Noninterest expense of $709 million in 2015 increased $57 million, or 9%, from $652 million in 2014, reflecting increased salary and benefits costs, outside services, and insurance expense, including continued investments to drive future growth.
Provision for credit losses resulted in a net recovery of $13 million in 2015 compared to a net recovery of $6 million in 2014 and reflected continued improvement in credit quality Other
## Table 2 ##
Other recorded a net loss of $1 million in 2015 compared to net income of $122 million in 2014.
The net loss in 2015 included $31 million of after-tax restructuring charges and special items.
Net income in 2014 included a $180 million after-tax gain related to the Chicago Divestiture partially offset by $105 million of after-tax restructuring charges and special items.
Excluding these items, adjusted net income* decreased by $17 million.
Net interest income in 2015 decreased $35 million to $42 million compared to $77 million in 2014.
The decrease was driven primarily by an increase in wholesale funding costs, and lower non-core loans, partially offset by a reduction in interest rate swap costs.
Noninterest income in 2015 decreased $253 million driven by the $288 million pre-tax gain on the Chicago Divestiture.
Excluding the gain, adjusted noninterest income* increased $35 million driven by an accounting change for low-income housing investments, which is offset in income tax expense.
Noninterest expense in 2015 of $94 million decreased $133 million from 2014, reflecting lower restructuring charges and special items of $119 million and lower employee incentive costs.
The provision for credit losses in 2015 decreased $3 million to $63 million compared to $66 million in 2014, reflecting stable credit quality and a decrease in non-core net charge-offs of $23 million to $44 million in 2015 compared to $67 million in 2014.
On a quarterly basis, we review and refine our estimate of the allowance for credit losses, taking into consideration changes in portfolio size and composition, historical loss experience, internal risk ratings, current economic conditions, industryperformance trends and other pertinent information.
The provision also reflected an increase in overall credit exposure associated with growth in our loan portfolio.
Total assets as of December 31, 2015 included $2.1 billion and $4.7 billion of goodwill related to the Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking reporting units, respectively.
For further information regarding the reconciliation of segment results to GAAP results, see Note 23 “Business Segments” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, included in this report.

<table><tr><td></td><td>December 30, 2006</td><td>December 31, 2005</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories at FIFO, net</td><td>$1,380,573</td><td>$1,294,310</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments to state inventories at LIFO</td><td>82,767</td><td>72,789</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories at LIFO, net</td><td>$1,463,340</td><td>$1,367,099</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td> Cash provided by (used for)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating activities</td><td>$2,707.4</td><td>$2,446.4</td><td>$2,190.1</td></tr><tr><td>Investing activities</td><td>-972.0</td><td>-1,250.5</td><td>-1,316.5</td></tr><tr><td>Financing activities</td><td>-271.1</td><td>-945.4</td><td>-504.3</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">As of and for the Year Ended December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>Change</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest income</td><td>$42</td><td>$77</td><td>-$35</td><td>-45%</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest income</td><td>97</td><td>350</td><td>-253</td><td>-72</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>139</td><td>427</td><td>-288</td><td>-67</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest expense</td><td>94</td><td>227</td><td>-133</td><td>-59</td></tr><tr><td>Profit before provision for credit losses</td><td>45</td><td>200</td><td>-155</td><td>-78</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for credit losses</td><td>63</td><td>66</td><td>-3</td><td>-5</td></tr><tr><td>(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense</td><td>-18</td><td>134</td><td>-152</td><td>-113</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax (benefit) expense</td><td>-17</td><td>12</td><td>-29</td><td>-242</td></tr><tr><td>Net (loss) income</td><td>-$1</td><td>$122</td><td>-$123</td><td>-101</td></tr><tr><td>Loans and leases and loans held for sale (year-end)</td><td>$3,076</td><td>$3,911</td><td>-$835</td><td>-21</td></tr><tr><td>Average Balances:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$39,422</td><td>$40,202</td><td>-$780</td><td>-2%</td></tr><tr><td>Loans and leases and loans held for sale</td><td>3,469</td><td>4,316</td><td>-847</td><td>-20</td></tr><tr><td>Deposits and deposits held for sale</td><td>5,933</td><td>4,512</td><td>1,421</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Interest-earning assets</td><td>29,736</td><td>30,601</td><td>-865</td><td>-3</td></tr></table>

Question: In what year is Income tax (benefit) expense positive?
Answer: 2014