Put Options We currently have outstanding put option agreements with other shareholders of our Air Products San Fu Company, Ltd.  and Indura S. A.  subsidiaries.
The put options give the shareholders the right to sell stock in the subsidiaries based on pricing terms in the agreements.
Refer to Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Due to the uncertainty of whether these options would be exercised and the related timing, we excluded the potential payments from the Contractual Obligations table.
PENSION BENEFITS We sponsor defined benefit pension plans that cover a substantial portion of our worldwide employees.
The principal defined benefit pension plans—the U. S.  salaried pension plan and the U. K.  pension plan—were closed to new participants in 2005 and were replaced with defined contribution plans.
Over the long run, the shift to defined contribution plans is expected to reduce volatility of both plan expense and contributions.
For 2013, the fair market value of pension plan assets for our defined benefit plans as of the measurement date increased to $3,800.8 from $3,239.1 in 2012.
The projected benefit obligation for these plans as of the measurement date was $4,394.0 and $4,486.5 in 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Refer to Note 16, Retirement Benefits, to the consolidated financial statements for comprehensive and detailed disclosures on our postretirement benefits.
Pension Expense
## Table 0 ##
2013 vs.  2012 The increase in pension expense, excluding special items, was primarily attributable to the 100 bp decrease in weighted average discount rate, resulting in higher amortization of actuarial losses.
The increase was partially offset by a higher expected return on plan assets and contributions in 2013.
Special items of $19.8 primarily included $12.4 for pension settlement losses and $6.9 for special termination benefits relating to the 2013 business restructuring and cost reduction plan.2012 vs.  2011 Pension expense in 2012, excluding special items, was comparable to 2011 expense as a result of no change in the weighted average discount rate from year to year.2014 Outlook Pension expense is estimated to be approximately $140 to $145, excluding special items, in 2014, a decrease of $5 to $10 from 2013, resulting primarily from an increase in discount rates, partially offset by unfavorable impacts associated with changes in mortality and inflation assumptions.
Pension settlement losses of $10 to $25 are expected, dependent on the timing of retirements.
In 2014, pension expense will include approximately $118 for amortization of actuarial losses compared to $143 in 2013.
Net actuarial gains of $370.4 were recognized in 2013, resulting primarily from an approximately 65 bp increase in the weighted average discount rate as well as actual asset returns above expected returns.
Actuarial gains/losses are amortized into pension expense over prospective periods to the extent they are not offset by future gains or losses.
Future changes in the discount rate and actual returns on plan assets, different from expected returns, would impact the actuarial gains/losses and resulting amortization in years beyond 2014.
Pension Funding Pension funding includes both contributions to funded plans and benefit payments for unfunded plans, which are primarily non-qualified plans.
With respect to funded plans, our funding policy is that contributions, combined with appreciation and earnings, will be sufficient to pay benefits without creating unnecessary surpluses.
In addition, we make contributions to satisfy all legal funding requirements while managing our capacity to benefit from tax deductions attributable to plan contributions.
With the assistance of third party actuaries, we analyze the liabilities and demographics of each plan, which help guide the level of contributions.
During 2013 and 2012, our cash contributions to funded plans and benefit payments for unfunded plans were $300.8 and $76.4, respectively.
Contributions for 2013 include voluntary contributions for U. S.  plans of $220.0.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, our primary exposures to foreign currencies were to the Swedish Krona, Euro and Danish Krone.
The average foreign currency exchange rate to the U. S.  dollar in 2008 was 0.1516 for the Swedish Krona, 1.4712 for the Euro, and 0.1963 for the Danish Krone.
Of our total consolidated operating income for the year ended December 31, 2008, 2% was denominated in Swedish Krona, 19% in Euros, and 2% in Danish Krones.
Equity Risk Our investments in foreign subsidiaries are exposed to volatility in currency exchange rates through translation of the foreign subsidiaries’ net assets or equity to U. S.  dollars.
Substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries operate in functional currencies other than the U. S.  dollar.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may create volatility in our reported results as we are required to translate the balance sheets and operational results of these foreign currency denominated subsidiaries into U. S.  dollars for consolidated reporting.
The translation of foreign subsidiaries non-U.
S.  dollar balance sheets into U. S.  dollars for consolidated reporting results in a cumulative translation adjustment which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Our primary exposure to this equity risk as of December 31, 2010 is presented by foreign currency in the following table:
## Table 1 ##
Credit Risk We are exposed to credit risk from third parties, including customers, counterparties and clearing agents.
These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons.
We limit our exposure to credit risk by rigorously selecting the counterparties with which we make investments and execute agreements.
The financial investment portfolio objective is to invest in securities to preserve principal while maximizing yields, without significantly increasing risk.
Credit risk associated with investments is minimized substantially by ensuring that these financial assets are placed with governments which have investment grade ratings, well-capitalized financial institutions and other creditworthy counterparties.
Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services may be exposed to credit risk, due to the default of trading counterparties, in connection with the clearing and routing services they provide for our trading customers.
System trades in cash equities routed to other market centers for members of The NASDAQ Stock Market are cleared by Nasdaq Execution Services, as a member of NSCC.
System trades in derivative contracts executed in the opening and closing cross and trades routed to other market centers are cleared by NASDAQ Options Services, as a member of the OCC.
Pursuant to the rules of the NSCC and Nasdaq Execution Services’ clearing agreement, Nasdaq Execution Services is liable for any losses incurred due to a counterparty or a clearing agent’s failure to satisfy its contractual obligations, either by making payment or delivering securities.
Pursuant to the rules of the OCC and NASDAQ Options Services’ clearing agreement, NASDAQ Options Services is also liable for any losses incurred due to a counterparty or a clearing agent’s failure to satisfy its contractual obligations, either by making
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) 2010 Acquisitions We completed the following acquisitions during 2010:
## Table 2 ##
(1) In December 2010, we acquired FTEN, a leading provider of RTRM solutions for the financial securities market for $110 million.
FTEN purchase consideration includes $1 million held in escrow to be paid in 2011 and $11 million held in escrow to be paid in 2012, in accordance with the purchase agreement.
We acquired net assets, at fair value, totaling $3 million and recorded a current deferred tax liability of $2 million and a non-current deferred tax liability of $16 million related to purchased intangible assets, and we also recorded a non-current deferred tax asset of $14 million related to net operating loss carry forwards, resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $1 million.
The total deferred tax liabilities of $18 million represent the tax effect of the difference between the estimated assigned fair value of the acquired intangible assets ($46 million) and the tax basis ($0) of such assets.
The estimated amount of $18 million is determined by multiplying the difference of $46 million by FTEN’s effective tax rate of 39.55%.
The purchased intangible assets of $46 million consisted of $23 million in customer relationships, $12 million in technology, $9 million for the FTEN trade name and $2 million related to non-compete agreements.
(2) In August 2010, we acquired SMARTS, a leading technology provider of surveillance solutions to exchanges, regulators and brokers to diversify our Market Technology business and enter the broker surveillance and compliance market.
We completed our acquisition of SMARTS for $77 million, which included a $75 million initial purchase price as well as a $2 million working capital adjustment.
SMARTS purchase consideration also includes $2 million held in escrow to be paid in 2011 and $11 million held in escrow to be paid in 2012, in accordance with the purchase agreement.
We acquired net assets, at fair value, totaling $3 million and recorded a current deferred tax liability of $1 million and a non-current deferred tax liability of $7 million related to purchased intangible assets, resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $5 million.
The total deferred tax liabilities of $8 million represent the tax effect of the difference between the estimated assigned fair value of the acquired intangible assets ($28 million) and the tax basis ($0) of such assets.
The estimated amount of $8 million is determined by multiplying the difference of $28 million by SMARTS’ effective tax rate of 30%.
The purchased intangible assets of $28 million consisted of $11 million in technology and $17 million in customer relationships.
(3) In May 2010, we acquired Nord Pool, a derivatives trading market, for $17 million (101 million NOK).
We acquired net assets, at fair value, totaling $8 million and recorded deferred tax liabilities of $1 million related to purchased intangible assets, resulting in total net assets acquired of $7 million.
Through this acquisition, we now hold a Norwegian exchange license and operate the Nordic power market and the European carbon market on one trading platform.
The above amounts represent the preliminary allocation of the purchase price and are subject to revision during the remainder of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date.
Adjustments to the provisional values during the measurement period will be pushed back to the date of acquisition.
Comparative information for periods after acquisition but before the period in which the adjustments are identified will be adjusted to reflect the effects of the adjustments as if they were taken into account as of the acquisition date.
Changes to amounts recorded as assets and liabilities may result in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.
There were no adjustments to the provisional values during the year ended December 31, 2010.
Expenses Operating Expenses The following table shows our operating expenses:
## Table 3 ##
Total operating expenses increased $41 million in 2010 compared with 2009 and $30 million in 2009 compared with 2008.
The increase in 2010 reflects an increase in operating expenses of $27 million and an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange of $14 million.
The increase in operating expenses of $27 million in 2010 was primarily due to an increase in general, administrative and other expense for charges incurred in connection with the January 2010 repayment of our senior secured credit facilities in place as of December 31, 2009, partially offset by asset retirements in the third quarter of 2009 related to obsolete technology assets.
The increase in 2009 reflects an increase in operating expenses of $63 million, partially offset by a favorable impact from foreign exchange of $33 million.
The increase in operating expenses of $63 million in 2009 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMX’s operating expenses for the full twelve-month period in 2009 compared with ten months in 2008 and the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLX’s operating expenses for the full twelve-month period in 2009 compared with five months in 2008.
Compensation and benefits expense increased in 2010 compared with 2009 and in 2009 compared with 2008.
The increase in 2010 was primarily due to an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange of $7 million and higher compensation expenses reflecting stronger financial performance, partially offset by a decrease in salary expense primarily due to the sale of substantially all of our Carpenter Moore insurance agency business and our Broker Services operations in the United Kingdom in the fourth quarter of 2009.
The increase in 2009 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMX’s compensation and benefits expense for the full twelve-month period in 2009 compared with ten months in 2008 as well as increased compensation and stock based compensation as a result of other recent acquisitions.
Partially offsetting the increase in compensation and benefits expense in 2009 was a decrease in incentive compensation reflecting stronger financial performance in 2008, as well as a favorable impact from foreign exchange of $15 million.
Headcount, including staff employed at consolidated entities where we have a controlling financial interest, increased to 2,395 employees at December 31, 2010 from 2,235 employees at December 31, 2009.
Headcount at December 31, 2008 was 2,506 employees.
The increase in headcount in 2010 compared with 2009 was primarily due to our recent acquisitions of SMARTS and FTEN.
The decrease in headcount in 2009 compared with 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in staffing needs driven by successful integration efforts associated with our business combination with OMX AB and the acquisition of PHLX, as well as the sale of substantially all of our Carpenter Moore business and our Broker Services operations in the United Kingdom as noted above.
Marketing and advertising expense increased in 2010 compared with 2009 and decreased in 2009 compared with 2008.
The increase in 2010 was primarily due to production and media costs of a television advertisement campaign in 2010, as well as increased advertising on behalf of new issuers.
The decrease in 2009 was primarily due to a reduction in media production and advertising.

<table><tr><td></td><td>2013</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Pension expense</td><td>$169.7</td><td>$120.4</td><td>$114.1</td></tr><tr><td>Special terminations, settlements, and curtailments (included above)</td><td>19.8</td><td>8.2</td><td>1.3</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average discount rate</td><td>4.0%</td><td>5.0%</td><td>5.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average expected rate of return on plan assets</td><td>7.7%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>8.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average expected rate of compensation increase</td><td>3.8%</td><td>3.9%</td><td>4.0%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td> Net Investment</td><td> Impact on Consolidated Equity of a 10% Decreasein Foreign Currency</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> (millions of dollars)</td></tr><tr><td>Euro</td><td>$211</td><td>$21</td></tr><tr><td>Norwegian Krone</td><td>143</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Australian Dollar</td><td>90</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Swedish Krona</td><td>88</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Danish Krone</td><td>75</td><td>8</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td> Purchase Consideration<sup></sup></td><td>Total Net (Liabilities) Assets Acquired</td><td> Purchased Intangible Assets</td><td> Goodwill</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="4"> (in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>FTEN<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$110</td><td>$-1</td><td>$46</td><td>$65</td></tr><tr><td>SMARTS<sup>-2</sup></td><td>77</td><td>-5</td><td>28</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Nord Pool ASA<sup>-3</sup></td><td>17</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Total for 2010</td><td>$204</td><td>$1</td><td>$76</td><td>$127</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> Year Ended December 31,</td><td colspan="2">Percentage Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 2010</td><td> 2009</td><td> 2008</td><td>2010 vs. 2009</td><td>2009 vs. 2008</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> (in millions)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compensation and benefits</td><td>$416</td><td>$412</td><td>$401</td><td>1.0%</td><td>2.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Marketing and advertising</td><td>20</td><td>15</td><td>19</td><td>33.3%</td><td>-21.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization</td><td>103</td><td>104</td><td>93</td><td>-1.0%</td><td>11.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Professional and contract services</td><td>78</td><td>76</td><td>72</td><td>2.6%</td><td>5.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Computer operations and data communications</td><td>58</td><td>58</td><td>54</td><td>—</td><td>7.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Occupancy</td><td>88</td><td>81</td><td>65</td><td>8.6%</td><td>24.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Regulatory</td><td>35</td><td>32</td><td>29</td><td>9.4%</td><td>10.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Merger and strategic initiatives</td><td>4</td><td>17</td><td>25</td><td>-76.5%</td><td>-32.0%</td></tr><tr><td>General, administrative and other</td><td>89</td><td>55</td><td>62</td><td>61.8%</td><td>-11.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating expenses</td><td>$891</td><td>$850</td><td>$820</td><td>4.8%</td><td>3.7%</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the sum of Marketing and advertising and Professional and contract services in 2010 ? (in million)
Answer: 98.0