($9.0) and other items ($.2), offset by the revaluation of our U. S.  deferred taxes ($26.1).
We refined these provisional amounts under SAB 118 in the third quarter of 2018 and recorded measurement period adjustment benefits related to the deemed repatriation tax and our deferred tax revaluation of $1.3 and $.5, respectively.
In addition, in 2018, the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) applied our prepaid income taxes and taxes receivable of $28.4 against the December 31, 2017 deemed repatriation tax liability.
The deemed repatriation tax outstanding as of December 31, 2018, was $32.2 and will be paid on a graduated scale beginning in 2022 over a four-year period.
As of December 31, 2018, our accounting was finalized with respect to the SAB 118 provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017.
In aggregate, these adjustment items decreased our effective tax rate by .4% in 2018.
Our 2018 rate benefited by $2.3, primarily related to the net reduction of valuation allowances of $7.8 and other net benefits totaling $9.1, including measurement period adjustments discussed in the previous paragraph.
These benefits were offset by tax detriments recorded in 2018 totaling $14.6 related to current and deferred foreign withholding taxes.
In 2017, we recognized net tax benefits totaling $25.2, including those associated with tax attributes from a divested business and the impact of stock-based compensation.
In 2016, we recognized net tax benefits totaling $19.3, including a tax benefit related to stock-based compensation from the first year adoption of ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting".
In both 2017 and 2016, prior to TCJA, the tax rate benefited from income earned in various foreign jurisdictions at rates lower than the U. S.  federal statutory rate, primarily related to China, Croatia, and Luxembourg.
We file tax returns in each jurisdiction where we are required to do so.
In these jurisdictions, a statute of limitations period exists.
After a statute period expires, the tax authorities can no longer assess additional income tax for the expired period.
In addition, once the statute expires we are no longer eligible to file claims for refund for any tax that we may have overpaid.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits The total amount of our gross unrecognized tax benefits at December?31, 2018 was $11.0, of which $7.9 would impact our effective tax rate, if recognized.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented is as follows:
## Table 0 ##
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, which is consistent with prior reporting periods.
As of December?31, 2018, four tax years were subject to audit by the IRS, covering the years 2015 through 2018.
In 2017, the IRS examined our 2015 tax returns for a U. S.  non-consolidated filing entity, L&P Financial Services Co. , and the audit concluded with no adjustments.
There are no current IRS examinations in process, nor are we aware of any forthcoming.
conditions and changes to regulatory capital requirements under Basel III capital standards.
Beginning in 2014, other comprehensive income related to available for sale securities (as well as pension and other post-retirement plans) are included in PNC’s regulatory capital (subject to a phase-in schedule) and, therefore will affect PNC’s regulatory capital ratios.
For additional information, see the Supervision and Regulation section in Item 1 – Business and the Capital portion of the Balance Sheet Review section in this Item 7 of this Report.
The duration of investment securities was 2.9 years at December 31, 2013.
We estimate that, at December 31, 2013, the effective duration of investment securities was 3.0 years for an immediate 50 basis points parallel increase in interest rates and 2.8 years for an immediate 50 basis points parallel decrease in interest rates.
Comparable amounts at December 31, 2012 were 2.3 years and 2.2 years, respectively.
We conduct a quarterly comprehensive security-level impairment assessment on all securities.
For securities in an unrealized loss position, we determine whether the loss represents OTTI.
For debt securities that we neither intend to sell nor believe we will be required to sell prior to expected recovery, we recognize the credit portion of OTTI charges in current earnings and include the noncredit portion of OTTI in Net unrealized gains (losses) on OTTI securities on our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and net of tax in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
During 2013 and 2012 we recognized OTTI credit losses of $16 million and $111 million, respectively.
Substantially all of the credit losses related to residential mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities collateralized by non-agency residential loans.
If current housing and economic conditions were to deteriorate from current levels, and if market volatility and illiquidity were to deteriorate from current levels, or if market interest rates were to increase or credit spreads were to widen appreciably, the valuation of our investment securities portfolio could be adversely affected and we could incur additional OTTI credit losses that would impact our Consolidated Income Statement.
Additional information regarding our investment securities is included in Note 8 Investment Securities and Note 9 Fair Value in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.
LOANS HELD FOR SALE Table 15: Loans Held For Sale
## Table 1 ##
For commercial mortgages held for sale designated at fair value, we stopped originating these and continue to pursue opportunities to reduce these positions.
At December 31, 2013, the balance relating to these loans was $586 million compared to $772 million at December 31, 2012.
For commercial mortgages held for sale carried at lower of cost or fair value, we sold $2.8 billion in 2013 compared to $2.2 billion in 2012.
All of these loan sales were to government agencies.
Total gains of $79 million were recognized on the valuation and sale of commercial mortgage loans held for sale, net of hedges, in 2013, and $41 million in 2012.
Residential mortgage loan origination volume was $15.1 billion in 2013 compared to $15.2 billion in 2012.
Substantially all such loans were originated under agency or Federal Housing Administration (FHA) standards.
We sold $14.7 billion of loans and recognized related gains of $568 million in 2013.
The comparable amounts for 2012 were $13.8 billion and $747 million, respectively.
Interest income on loans held for sale was $157 million in 2013 and $168 million in 2012.
These amounts are included in Other interest income on our Consolidated Income Statement.
Additional information regarding our loan sale and servicing activities is included in Note 3 Loan Sales and Servicing Activities and Variable Interest Entities and Note 9 Fair Value in our Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill and other intangible assets totaled $11.3 billion at December 31, 2013 and $10.9 billion at December 31, 2012.
The increase of $.4 billion was primarily due to additions to and changes in value of mortgage and other loan servicing rights.
See additional information regarding our goodwill and intangible assets in Note 10 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets included in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report.
Residential Real Estate Residential real estate loans primarily consisted of residential mortgage loans at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
We track borrower performance of this portfolio monthly similar to home equity loans.
This information is used for internal reporting and risk management.
For internal reporting and risk management we also segment the mortgage portfolio into pools based on product type (e. g. , FHA, conforming, etc.
).
As part of our overall risk analysis and monitoring, we also segment the portfolio based upon loan delinquency, nonperforming status, modification and bankruptcy status, FICO scores, LTV and geographic concentrations.
Loan performance is evaluated by source originators and loan servicers.
The credit quality of newly originated loans that we retained on our balance sheet in 2017 was strong overall as evidenced by a weighted-average LTV on originations of 71% and a weighted-average FICO score of 768.
We originate residential mortgage loans nationwide through our national mortgage business as well as within our branch network.
Residential mortgage loans underwritten to government agency standards, including conforming loan amount limits, are typically sold with servicing retained by us.
We also originate residential mortgage loans above the conforming loan amount limits, known as nonconforming mortgage loans, which we retain on our balance sheet.
In recent years, including in 2017, we have increased the volume of nonconforming loans that we originate, including in California.
The following presents our residential real estate loans by geographic market.
Table 17: Residential Real Estate Loans by Geography
## Table 2 ##
Automobile Within auto loans, $11.4 billion resided in the indirect auto portfolio, $1.4 billion in the direct auto portfolio and $.1 billion in securitized portfolios as of December 31, 2017.
Comparable amounts as of December 31, 2016 were $10.8 billion, $1.3 billion and $.3 billion, respectively.
The indirect auto portfolio relates to loan applications generated from franchised automobile dealers.
This business is strategically aligned with our core retail business.
We continue to focus on a strong origination profile as evidenced by a weighted-average loan origination FICO score during 2017 of 745 for indirect auto loans and 767 for direct auto loans.
The weighted-average term of loan originations during 2017 was 72 months for indirect auto loans and 62 months for direct auto loans.
We offer both new and used automobile financing to customers through our various channels.
The portfolio was composed of 54% new vehicle loans and 46% used vehicle loans at December 31, 2017.
The auto loan portfolio's performance is measured monthly, including updated collateral values that are obtained monthly and updated FICO scores that are obtained at least quarterly.
For internal reporting and risk management, we analyze the portfolio by product channel and product type and regularly evaluate default and delinquency experience.
As part of our overall risk analysis and monitoring, we segment the portfolio by loan structure, collateral attributes and credit metrics which include FICO score, LTV and term.
Nonperforming Assets and Loan Delinquencies Nonperforming Assets Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of contractual principal and interest is not probable and include nonperforming troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), other real estate owned (OREO), foreclosed and other assets.
Loans held for sale, certain government insured or guaranteed loans, purchased impaired loans and loans accounted for under the fair value option are excluded from nonperforming loans.
Additional information regarding our nonperforming loans and nonaccrual policies is included in Note 1 Accounting Policies in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.
A summary of the major categories of nonperforming assets are presented in Table 18.
See Note 3 Asset Quality in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report for further detail of nonperforming asset categories.

<table><tr><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td>Gross unrecognized tax benefits, January 1</td><td>$10.1</td><td>$12.1</td><td>$15.5</td></tr><tr><td>Gross increases—tax positions in prior periods</td><td>—</td><td>.1</td><td>.3</td></tr><tr><td>Gross decreases—tax positions in prior periods</td><td>-.5</td><td>-.4</td><td>-1.0</td></tr><tr><td>Gross increases—current period tax positions</td><td>1.3</td><td>1.5</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td>Change due to exchange rate fluctuations</td><td>-.2</td><td>.3</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements</td><td>—</td><td>-.9</td><td>-.9</td></tr><tr><td>Lapse of statute of limitations</td><td>-2.5</td><td>-2.6</td><td>-2.9</td></tr><tr><td>Gross unrecognized tax benefits, December 31</td><td>8.2</td><td>10.1</td><td>12.1</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td>2.4</td><td>3.0</td><td>4.0</td></tr><tr><td>Penalties</td><td>.4</td><td>.5</td><td>.6</td></tr><tr><td>Total gross unrecognized tax benefits, December 31</td><td>$11.0</td><td>$13.6</td><td>$16.7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>In millions</td><td>December 312013</td><td>December 312012</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial mortgages at fair value</td><td>$586</td><td>$772</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial mortgages at lower of cost or fair value</td><td>281</td><td>620</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial mortgages</td><td>867</td><td>1,392</td></tr><tr><td>Residential mortgages at fair value</td><td>1,315</td><td>2,096</td></tr><tr><td>Residential mortgages at lower of cost or fair value</td><td>41</td><td>124</td></tr><tr><td>Total residential mortgages</td><td>1,356</td><td>2,220</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>32</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$2,255</td><td>$3,693</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2017</td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2016</td></tr><tr><td>Dollars in millions</td><td>Amount</td><td>% of Total</td><td>Amount</td><td>% of Total</td></tr><tr><td>Geography</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>California</td><td>$3,676</td><td>21%</td><td>$2,842</td><td>18%</td></tr><tr><td>Florida</td><td>1,529</td><td>9%</td><td>1,511</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>New Jersey</td><td>1,503</td><td>9%</td><td>1,285</td><td>8%</td></tr><tr><td>Illinois</td><td>1,230</td><td>7%</td><td>1,263</td><td>8%</td></tr><tr><td>Pennsylvania</td><td>962</td><td>5%</td><td>843</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>Maryland</td><td>902</td><td>5%</td><td>857</td><td>6%</td></tr><tr><td>New York</td><td>847</td><td>5%</td><td>722</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>Virginia</td><td>824</td><td>5%</td><td>772</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>North Carolina</td><td>821</td><td>5%</td><td>797</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>Ohio</td><td>684</td><td>4%</td><td>649</td><td>4%</td></tr><tr><td>All other states</td><td>4,234</td><td>25%</td><td>4,057</td><td>26%</td></tr><tr><td>Total residential realestate loans</td><td>$17,212</td><td>100%</td><td>$15,598</td><td>100%</td></tr></table>

Question: Which year is the Amount of residential realestate loans on December 31 in terms of Illinois lower?
Answer: 2017