Corporate & Other The following table presents the results of operations of our Corporate & Other segment:
## Table 0 ##
Our Corporate & Other segment pretax loss in 2008 was $364 million, an improvement of $120 million compared to a pretax loss of $484 million in 2007.
The improvement was primarily due to a decrease in separation costs of $236 million, as the separation from American Express was completed in 2007.
Other revenues increased $19 million due to recognizing a $19 million gain from extinguishing $43 million of our junior notes in the fourth quarter of 2008.
These positive impacts were offset by a $47 million decrease in net investment income and a $94 million increase in general and administrative expense.
The decrease in net investment income was primarily due to lower investment income on fixed maturities and lower income on seed money investments and other investments.
The increase in general and administrative expense was driven by a $77 million expense related to changes in fair value of Lehman Brothers securities that we purchased from various 2a-7 money market mutual funds managed by RiverSource Investments, expense of $36 million for the cost of guaranteeing specific client holdings in an unaffiliated money market mutual fund and $60 million in restructuring charges.
Partially offsetting these increases in general and administrative expense were decreases related to our expense reduction initiatives and lower incentive compensation accruals.
Fair Value Measurements We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value; specifically, separate account assets, derivatives, embedded derivatives, properties held by our consolidated property funds, and most investments and cash equivalents.
Fair value assumes the exchange of assets or liabilities occurs in orderly transactions.
Companies are not permitted to use market prices that are the result of a forced liquidation or distressed sale.
We include actual market prices, or observable inputs, in our fair value measurements to the extent available.
Broker quotes are obtained when quotes from pricing services are not available.
We validate prices obtained from third parties through a variety of means such as: price variance analysis, subsequent sales testing, stale price review, price comparison across pricing vendors and due diligence reviews of vendors.
Inactive Markets Through our own experience transacting in the marketplace and through discussions with our pricing vendors, we believe that the market for non-agency residential mortgage backed securities is inactive.
Indicators of inactive markets include: pricing services’ reliance on brokers or discounted cash flow analyses to provide prices, an increase in the disparity between prices provided by different pricing services for the same security, unreasonably large bid-offer spreads and a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels.
In certain cases, this market inactivity has resulted in our applying valuation techniques that rely more on an income approach
Separate account liabilities consisted of the following:
## Table 1 ##
Fixed Annuities Fixed annuities include both deferred and payout contracts.
Deferred contracts offer a guaranteed minimum rate of interest and security of the principal invested.
Payout contracts guarantee a fixed income payment for life or the term of the contract.
The Company generally invests the proceeds from the annuity payments in fixed rate securities.
The Company may hedge the interest rate risks related to fixed annuities with derivative instruments.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were no outstanding derivatives to hedge these risks.
Equity Indexed Annuities The Index 500 Annuity, the Company’s EIA product, is a single premium deferred fixed annuity.
The contract is issued with an initial term of seven years and interest earnings are linked to the S&P 500 Index.
This annuity has a minimum interest rate guarantee of 3% on 90% of the initial premium, adjusted for any surrenders.
The Company generally invests the proceeds from the annuity deposits in fixed rate securities and hedges the equity risk with derivative instruments.
See Note 15 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.
In 2007, the Company discontinued new sales of equity indexed annuities.
Variable Annuities Purchasers of variable annuities can select from a variety of investment options and can elect to allocate a portion to a fixed account.
A vast majority of the premiums received for variable annuity contracts are held in separate accounts where the assets are held for the exclusive benefit of those contractholders.
Most of the variable annuity contracts issued by the Company contain one or more guaranteed benefits, including GMWB, GMAB, GMDB and GGU provisions.
The Company previously offered contracts with GMIB provisions.
See Note 2 and Note 11 for additional information regarding the Company’s variable annuity guarantees.
The Company does not currently hedge its risk under the GMDB, GGU and GMIB provisions.
See Note 15 for additional information regarding derivative instruments used to hedge risks related to GMWB and GMAB provisions.
Insurance Liabilities VUL/UL is the largest group of insurance policies written by the Company.
Purchasers of VUL can select from a variety of investment options and can elect to allocate a portion to a fixed account or a separate account.
A vast majority of the premiums received for VUL contracts are held in separate accounts where the assets are held for the exclusive benefit of those policyholders.
In 2011, the Company began offering IUL insurance.
IUL is similar to UL in that it provides life insurance coverage and cash value that increases as a result of credited interest.
Also, like UL, there is a minimum guaranteed credited rate of interest.
Unlike UL the rate of credited interest above the minimum guarantee is linked to the S&P 500 Index (subject to a cap).
The Company also offers term and whole life insurance as well as disability products.
The Company no longer offers LTC products but has in force policies from prior years.
Insurance liabilities include accumulation values, unpaid reported claims, incurred but not reported claims and obligations for anticipated future claims.
Portions of the Company’s fixed and variable universal life contracts have product features that result in profits followed by losses from the insurance component of the contract.
These profits followed by losses can be generated by the cost structure of the product or secondary guarantees in the contract.
The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges.
The deferred premium associated with some of the above options is paid or received semi-annually over the life of the option contract.
The following is a summary of the payments the Company is scheduled to make and receive for these options:
## Table 2 ##
Actual timing and payment amounts may differ due to future contract settlements, modifications or exercises of options prior to the full premium being paid or received.
EIA, IUL and stock market certificate products have returns tied to the performance of equity markets.
As a result of fluctuations in equity markets, the obligation incurred by the Company related to EIA, IUL and stock market certificate products will positively or negatively impact earnings over the life of these products.
As a means of economically hedging its obligations under the provisions of these products, the Company enters into index options and futures contracts.
The gross notional amount of these derivative contracts was $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The Company enters into forward contracts, futures, total return swaps and commodity swaps to manage its exposure to price risk arising from seed money investments in proprietary investment products.
The gross notional amount of these contracts was $123 million and $174 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge its exposure to certain receivables and obligations denominated in non-functional currencies.
The gross notional amount of these contracts was $26 million and $21 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
In 2010, the Company entered into a total return swap to economically hedge its exposure to equity price risk of Ameriprise Financial, Inc.  common stock granted as part of its Ameriprise Financial Franchise Advisor Deferred Compensation Plan (‘‘Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan’’).
In the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company extended the contract through 2012.
As part of the contract, the Company expects to cash settle the difference between the value of a fixed number of shares at the contract date (which may be increased from time to time) and the value of those shares over an unwind period ending on December 31, 2012.
The gross notional value of this contract was $17 million and $35 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Embedded Derivatives Certain annuities contain GMAB and non-life contingent GMWB provisions, which are considered embedded derivatives.
In addition, the equity component of the EIA, IUL and stock market certificate product obligations are also considered embedded derivatives.
These embedded derivatives are bifurcated from their host contracts and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings.
As discussed above, the Company uses derivatives to mitigate the financial statement impact of these embedded derivatives.
Cash Flow Hedges The Company has designated and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges: (i) interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate exposure on debt, (ii) interest rate lock agreements to hedge interest rate exposure on debt issuances and (iii) swaptions used to hedge the risk of increasing interest rates on forecasted fixed premium product sales.
The Company previously designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges interest rate swaps to hedge certain asset-based distribution fees.
During the second quarter of 2011, the Company reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings a $27 million gain on an interest rate hedge put in place in anticipation of issuing debt between December 2010 and September 2011.
The gain was reclassified due to the forecasted transaction not occurring according to the original hedge strategy.
For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, amounts recognized in earnings related to cash flow hedges due to ineffectiveness were not material.
The estimated net amount of existing pretax losses on December 31, 2011 that the Company expects to reclassify to earnings within the next twelve months is $2 million, which consists of $4 million of pretax gains to be recorded as a reduction to interest and debt expense and $6 million of pretax losses to be recorded in net investment income.
The following tables present the impact of the effective portion of the
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (Amounts in millions) In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks related to interest rates, foreign currency rates and certain balance sheet items.
From time to time, we use derivative instruments, pursuant to established guidelines and policies, to manage some portion of these risks.
Derivative instruments utilized in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools and are not used for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rates Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the fair market value and cash flows of our debt obligations.
The majority of our debt (approximately 93% and 89% as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively) bears interest at fixed rates.
We do have debt with variable interest rates, but a 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not be material to our interest expense or cash flows.
The fair market value of our debt is sensitive to changes in interest rates, and the impact of a 10% change in interest rates is summarized below.
## Table 3 ##
We have used interest rate swaps for risk management purposes to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates.
We do not have any interest rate swaps outstanding as of December 31, 2016.
We had $1,100.6 of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2016 that we generally invest in conservative, short-term bank deposits or securities.
The interest income generated from these investments is subject to both domestic and foreign interest rate movements.
During 2016 and 2015, we had interest income of $20.1 and $22.8, respectively.
Based on our 2016 results, a 100 basis-point increase or decrease in interest rates would affect our interest income by approximately $11.0, assuming that all cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are impacted in the same manner and balances remain constant from year-end 2016 levels.
Foreign Currency Rates We are subject to translation and transaction risks related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Since we report revenues and expenses in U. S.  Dollars, changes in exchange rates may either positively or negatively affect our consolidated revenues and expenses (as expressed in U. S.  Dollars) from foreign operations.
The foreign currencies that most impacted our results during 2016 included the British Pound Sterling and, to a lesser extent, the Argentine Peso, Brazilian Real and Japanese Yen.
Based on 2016 exchange rates and operating results, if the U. S.  Dollar were to strengthen or weaken by 10%, we currently estimate operating income would decrease or increase approximately 4%, assuming that all currencies are impacted in the same manner and our international revenue and expenses remain constant at 2016 levels.
The functional currency of our foreign operations is generally their respective local currency.
Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the period presented.
The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the stockholders’ equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Our foreign subsidiaries generally collect revenues and pay expenses in their functional currency, mitigating transaction risk.
However, certain subsidiaries may enter into transactions in currencies other than their functional currency.
Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are susceptible to movements in foreign currency until final settlement.
Currency transaction gains or losses primarily arising from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are included in office and general expenses.
We regularly review our foreign exchange exposures that may have a material impact on our business and from time to time use foreign currency forward exchange contracts or other derivative financial instruments to hedge the effects of potential adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates arising from these exposures.
We do not enter into foreign exchange contracts or other derivatives for speculative purposes.

<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="2">Years Ended December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>2008</td><td>2007</td><td colspan="2">Change</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td colspan="4">(in millions, except percentages)</td></tr><tr><td> Revenues</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Management and financial advice fees</td><td>$—</td><td>$1</td><td>$-1</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Net investment income</td><td>-25</td><td>22</td><td>-47</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Other revenues</td><td>26</td><td>7</td><td>19</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenues</td><td>1</td><td>30</td><td>-29</td><td>-97%</td></tr><tr><td>Banking and deposit interest expense</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td>-4</td><td>-67</td></tr><tr><td>Total net revenues</td><td>-1</td><td>24</td><td>-25</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td> Expenses</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Distribution expenses</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Interest and debt expense</td><td>109</td><td>112</td><td>-3</td><td>-3</td></tr><tr><td>Separation costs</td><td>—</td><td>236</td><td>-236</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>General and administrative expense</td><td>253</td><td>159</td><td>94</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Total expenses</td><td>363</td><td>508</td><td>-145</td><td>-29</td></tr><tr><td>Pretax loss</td><td>$-364</td><td>$-484</td><td>$120</td><td>25%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2011</td><td>2010</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Variable annuity variable sub-accounts</td><td>$57,556</td><td>$57,862</td></tr><tr><td>VUL insurance variable sub-accounts</td><td>5,575</td><td>5,887</td></tr><tr><td>Other insurance variable sub-accounts</td><td>43</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Threadneedle investment liabilities</td><td>3,606</td><td>4,535</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$66,780</td><td>$68,330</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Premiums Payable</td><td>Premiums Receivable</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>$372</td><td>$41</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>349</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>324</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>296</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td>265</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>2017-2026</td><td>925</td><td>34</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Increase/(Decrease)in Fair Market Value</td></tr><tr><td>As of December 31,</td><td>10% Increasein Interest Rates</td><td>10% Decreasein Interest Rates</td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td>$-26.3</td><td>$26.9</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>-33.7</td><td>34.7</td></tr></table>

Question: what is the statistical interval for 2017's interest income using 2016's interest income as a midpoint?
Answer: 9.1