## Table 0 ##
(1) Excludes future payments for interest.
(2) Represents an estimate of contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business.
Although these contractual obligations are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms generally allow Schlumberger the option to reschedule and adjust its requirements based on business needs prior to the delivery of goods.
Refer to Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding Schlumberger’s pension and other postretirement benefit obligations.
As discussed in Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in the Schlumberger Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2010 is approximately $1.17 billion of liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions in the over 100 jurisdictions in which Schlumberger conducts business.
Due to the uncertain and complex application of tax regulations, combined with the difficulty in predicting when tax audits throughout the world may be concluded, Schlumberger cannot make reliable estimates of the timing of cash outflows relating to these liabilities.
Schlumberger has outstanding letters of credit/guarantees which relate to business performance bonds, custom/ excise tax commitments, facility lease/rental obligations, etc.
These were entered into in the ordinary course of business and are customary practices in the various countries where Schlumberger operates.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires Schlumberger to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses.
The following accounting policies involve “critical accounting estimates” because they are particularly dependent on estimates and assumptions made by Schlumberger about matters that are inherently uncertain.
A summary of all of Schlumberger’s significant accounting policies is included in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Schlumberger bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Multiclient Seismic Data The WesternGeco segment capitalizes the costs associated with obtaining multiclient seismic data.
The carrying value of the multiclient seismic data library at December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $394 million and $288 million, respectively.
Such costs are charged to Cost of revenue based on the percentage of the total costs to the estimated total revenue that Schlumberger expects to receive from the sales of such data.
However, under no circumstances will an individual survey carry a net book value greater than a 4-year straight-line amortized value.
The carrying value of surveys is reviewed for impairment annually as well as when an event or change in circumstance indicates an impairment may have occurred.
Adjustments to the carrying value are recorded when it is determined that estimated future revenues, which involve significant judgment on the part of Schlumberger, would not be sufficient to recover the carrying value of the surveys.
Significant adverse changes in Schlumberger’s estimated future cash flows could result in impairment charges in a future period.
For purposes of performing the annual impairment test of the multiclient library, future cash flows are analyzed primarily based on two pools of surveys: United States and non-United States.
The United States and non-United States pools were determined to be the most appropriate level at which to perform the impairment review based upon a number of factors including (i) various macroeconomic factors that
k Schlumberger wrote off certain assets, primarily accounts receivable relating to one client with liquidity issues.
Accordingly, Schlumberger recorded a pretax charge of $42 million ($28 million after-tax and noncontrolling interest).
The following is a summary of these charges:
## Table 1 ##
4.
Acquisitions Merger with Smith International, Inc.  On August 27, 2010, Schlumberger acquired all of the outstanding shares of Smith, a leading supplier of premium products and services to the oil and gas exploration and production industry.
The merger brings together the complementary drilling and measurements technologies and expertise of Schlumberger and Smith in order to facilitate the engineering of complete drilling systems which optimize all of the components of the drill string.
Such systems will enable Schlumberger’s customers to achieve improved drilling efficiency, better well placement and increased wellbore assurance as they face increasingly more challenging environments.
In addition, Schlumberger’s geographic footprint will facilitate the extension of joint offerings on a worldwide basis.
Under the terms of the merger agreement, Smith became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Schlumberger.
Each share of Smith common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger was converted into the right to receive 0.6966 shares of Schlumberger common stock, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares.
At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding option to purchase Smith common stock was converted pursuant to the merger agreement into a stock option to acquire shares of Schlumberger common stock on the same terms and conditions as were in effect immediately prior to the completion of the merger.
The number of shares of Schlumberger common stock underlying each converted Smith stock option was determined by multiplying the number of Smith stock options by the 0.6966 exchange ratio, and rounding down to the nearest whole share.
The exercise price per share of each converted Smith stock option was determined by dividing the per share exercise price of such stock option by the 0.6966 exchange ratio, and rounded up to the nearest whole cent.
Smith stock options, whether or not then vested and exercisable, became fully vested and exercisable and assumed by Schlumberger at the effective date of the merger in accordance with preexisting change-in-control provisions.
Smith stock options were converted into 0.6 million of Schlumberger stock options.
At the effective time of the merger, Smith restricted stock units, whether or not then vested, became fully vested (except for grants between the date of the merger agreement and closing, which were not significant and did not automatically vest) and were converted into shares of Schlumberger common stock in connection with the merger, determined by multiplying the number of shares of Smith common stock subject to each award by the 0.6966 exchange ratio, rounded to the nearest whole share (assuming, in the case of performance-based Smith restricted stock unit awards, the deemed attainment of the performance goals under the award at the target level).
Calculation of Consideration Transferred The following details the fair value of the consideration transferred to effect the merger with Smith.
Geographic Areas
## Table 2 ##
(1) Comprised principally of certain corporate expenses not allocated to the segments stock-based compensation costs, amortization expense associated with certain intangible assets, certain centrally managed initiatives and other nonoperating items.
(2) Excludes interest income included in the segments’ income (2015: $22 million; 2014: $20 million).
(3) Excludes interest expense included in the segments’ income (2015: $30 million; 2014: $22 million).
(4) Charges and credits are described in detail in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Full-year 2015 revenue of $35.5 billion decreased $13.1 billion, or 27%, versus the same period last year with International revenue of $25.2 billion decreasing $6.9 billion, or 21%, and North America revenue of $9.8 billion decreasing $6.3 billion, or 39%.
Internationally, revenue decreased 21% year-on-year due to customer budget cuts and service pricing concessions as customers responded to lower commodity prices.
Revenue was also impacted by the fall of certain currencies against the US dollar, which accounted for more than one-third of the revenue decline.
Europe/CIS/ Africa Area revenue decreased 26%, mainly due to the weakness in the Russian ruble.
Exploration activities in the UK and Norway fell as customer spending decelerated.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, offshore rigs demobilized as exploration decreased.
In North Africa, work progressed slowly while Libya activity remained muted, as onshore operations were limited due to security concerns.
Revenue in the Latin America Area declined 22% due to significantly lower activity levels in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia because of sustained budget cuts that led to rig count reductions.
The impact of the devaluation of the Venezuela bolivar also affected the revenue decline in the Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago GeoMarket.
Middle East & Asia Area revenue decreased 17% due to a doubledigit drop in revenue in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in Australia.
This decrease arose from reduced activity and pricing concessions, but was partially offset by robust activity in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Oman.
Activity in Iraq continued to decline.
North America full-year 2015 revenue decreased 39% year-on-year mainly from land which was down 45%, while offshore decreased 17% compared to the same period of 2014.
The decrease in land was driven by severe activity and pricing declines as customer spending was cut.
With the year-end US land rig count 68% lower than the 2014 peak, the massive over-capacity in the land services market offers no signs of pricing recovery in the short- to medium-term.
Offshore activity in the US Gulf of Mexico remained resilient, although revenue did decline as work shifted from exploration to development activities driven by customer budget cuts.
On July 18, 2013, the Board approved a new $10 billion share repurchase program to be completed at the latest by June 30, 2018.
Schlumberger had repurchased $8.6 billion of shares under this new share repurchase program as of December 31, 2015.
The following table summarizes the activity under these share repurchase programs during 2015, 2014 and 2013: (Stated in thousands, except per share amounts)
## Table 3 ##
On January 21, 2016, the Board approved a new $10 billion share repurchase program for Schlumberger common stock.
This new program will take effect once the remaining $1.4 billion authorized to be repurchased under the July 18, 2013 program is exhausted.  . Net cash provided by operating activities was $8.8 billion in 2015, $11.2 billion in 2014 and $10.7 billion in 2013.
The decrease in operating cash flows in 2015 as compared to 2014 was largely attributable to lower earnings before non-cash charges and credits and depreciation and amortization expense while the increase in operating cash flows in 2014 as compared to 2013 was largely attributable to higher earnings before non-cash charges and credits and depreciation and amortization expense.  . Dividends paid during 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $2.4 billion, $2.0 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively.
On January 15, 2015, Schlumberger announced that its Board approved a 25% increase in the quarterly dividend, to $0.50.
On January 16, 2014, Schlumberger announced that its Board approved a 28% increase in the quarterly dividend, to $0.40.  . Capital expenditures were $2.4 billion in 2015, $4.0 billion in 2014 and $3.9 billion in 2013.
Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $2.4 billion in 2016.  . During the fourth quarter of 2015, Schlumberger made a $500 million cash investment into a new SPM project.
Schlumberger is obligated to make a further $500 million cash investment into this project during the first quarter of 2016.  . During 2015, 2014 and 2013 Schlumberger made contributions of $346 million, $390 million and $538 million, respectively, to its postretirement benefit plans.
The US pension plans were 86% funded at both December 31, 2015 and 2014 based on the projected benefit obligation.
Schlumberger’s international defined benefit pension plans were a combined 93% funded at December 31, 2015 based on the projected benefit obligation.
This compares to 94% funded at December 31, 2014.
Schlumberger currently anticipates contributing approximately $350 million to its postretirement benefit plans in 2016, subject to market and business conditions.
On July 18, 2013, the Board approved a new $10 billion share repurchase program to be completed at the latest by June 30, 2018.
Schlumberger had repurchased $8.6 billion of shares under this new share repurchase program as of December 31, 2015.
The following table summarizes the activity under these share repurchase programs during 2015, 2014 and 2013: (Stated in thousands, except per share amounts)
On January 21, 2016, the Board approved a new $10 billion share repurchase program for Schlumberger common stock.
This new program will take effect once the remaining $1.4 billion authorized to be repurchased under the July 18, 2013 program is exhausted.  . Net cash provided by operating activities was $8.8 billion in 2015, $11.2 billion in 2014 and $10.7 billion in 2013.
The decrease in operating cash flows in 2015 as compared to 2014 was largely attributable to lower earnings before non-cash charges and credits and depreciation and amortization expense while the increase in operating cash flows in 2014 as compared to 2013 was largely attributable to higher earnings before non-cash charges and credits and depreciation and amortization expense.  . Dividends paid during 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $2.4 billion, $2.0 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively.
On January 15, 2015, Schlumberger announced that its Board approved a 25% increase in the quarterly dividend, to $0.50.
On January 16, 2014, Schlumberger announced that its Board approved a 28% increase in the quarterly dividend, to $0.40.  . Capital expenditures were $2.4 billion in 2015, $4.0 billion in 2014 and $3.9 billion in 2013.
Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $2.4 billion in 2016.  . During the fourth quarter of 2015, Schlumberger made a $500 million cash investment into a new SPM project.
Schlumberger is obligated to make a further $500 million cash investment into this project during the first quarter of 2016.  . During 2015, 2014 and 2013 Schlumberger made contributions of $346 million, $390 million and $538 million, respectively, to its postretirement benefit plans.
The US pension plans were 86% funded at both December 31, 2015 and 2014 based on the projected benefit obligation.
Schlumberger¡¯s international defined benefit pension plans were a combined 93% funded at December 31, 2015 based on the projected benefit obligation.
This compares to 94% funded at December 31, 2014.
Schlumberger currently anticipates contributing approximately $350 million to its postretirement benefit plans in 2016, subject to market and business conditions.
Schlumberger maintains a €5.0 billion Guaranteed Euro Medium Term Note program.
This program provides for the issuance of various types of debt instruments such as fixed or floating rate notes in Euro, US dollar or other currencies.
Schlumberger has issued €0.5 billion 1.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2019 under this program.
As of December 31, 2015, Schlumberger had $13.0 billion of cash and short-term investments on hand.
Schlumberger had separate committed debt facility agreements aggregating $3.8 billion with commercial banks, of which $1.4 billion was available and unused as of December 31, 2015.
The $3.8 billion of committed debt

<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="4"> Payment Period</td></tr><tr><td> Contractual Obligations</td><td> Total</td><td> 2011</td><td> 2012 – 2013</td><td> 2014 – 2015</td><td> After 2015</td></tr><tr><td>Debt<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$8,112</td><td>$2,595</td><td>$1,608</td><td>$2,915</td><td>$994</td></tr><tr><td>Operating Leases</td><td>1,334</td><td>325</td><td>409</td><td>223</td><td>377</td></tr><tr><td>Purchase Obligations<sup>-2</sup></td><td>1,874</td><td>1,848</td><td>26</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$11,320</td><td>$4,768</td><td>$2,043</td><td>$3,138</td><td>$1,371</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td> Pretax</td><td> Tax</td><td> Non-   controlling   Interests</td><td> Net</td><td> Income Statement Classification</td></tr><tr><td>Workforce reductions</td><td>$74</td><td>$9</td><td>$–</td><td>$65</td><td><i>Restructuring & other</i></td></tr><tr><td>Provision for doubtful accounts</td><td>32</td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>18</td><td><i>Restructuring & other</i></td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>10</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>10</td><td><i>Restructuring & other</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$116</td><td>$17</td><td>$6</td><td>$93</td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="3">(Stated in millions)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2015</td><td colspan="2">2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Income</td><td></td><td>Income</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>before</td><td></td><td>before</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Revenue</td><td>Taxes</td><td>Revenue</td><td>Taxes</td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>$9,811</td><td>$999</td><td>$16,151</td><td>$3,057</td></tr><tr><td>Latin America</td><td>6,014</td><td>1,315</td><td>7,699</td><td>1,639</td></tr><tr><td>Europe/CIS/Africa</td><td>9,284</td><td>1,979</td><td>12,515</td><td>2,765</td></tr><tr><td>Middle East & Asia</td><td>9,898</td><td>2,661</td><td>11,875</td><td>3,273</td></tr><tr><td>Eliminations & other</td><td>468</td><td>-444</td><td>340</td><td>-158</td></tr><tr><td>Pretax operating income</td><td></td><td>6,510</td><td></td><td>10,576</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other<sup>-1</sup></td><td></td><td>-768</td><td></td><td>-848</td></tr><tr><td>Interest income<sup>-2</sup></td><td></td><td>30</td><td></td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense<sup>-3</sup></td><td></td><td>-316</td><td></td><td>-347</td></tr><tr><td>Charges & credits<sup>-4</sup></td><td></td><td>-2,575</td><td></td><td>-1,773</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$35,475</td><td>$2,881</td><td>$48,580</td><td>$7,639</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Total cost of shares purchased</td><td>Total number of shares purchased</td><td>Average price paid per share</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>$2,182,180</td><td>26,751.0</td><td>$81.57</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>$4,677,687</td><td>47,545.9</td><td>$98.38</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>$2,596,447</td><td>31,349.5</td><td>$82.82</td></tr></table>

Question: Which element for Revenue makes up more than 20 % of the total in 2015?
Answer: North America, Europe/CIS/Africa,Middle East & Asia