The Company recorded equity earnings, net of taxes, related to Ilim of $290 million in 2018, compared with earnings of $183 million in 2017, and $199 million in 2016.
Operating results recorded in 2018 included an after-tax non-cash foreign exchange loss of $82 million, compared with an after-tax foreign exchange gain of $15 million in 2017 and an after-tax foreign exchange gain of $25 million in 2016, primarily on the remeasurement of Ilim's U. S.  dollar denominated net debt.
Ilim delivered outstanding performance in 2018, driven largely by higher price realization and strong demand.
Sales volumes for the joint venture increased year over year for shipments to China of softwood pulp and linerboard, but were offset by decreased sales of hardwood pulp to China.
Sales volumes in the Russian market increased for softwood pulp and hardwood pulp, but decreased for linerboard.
Average sales price realizations were significantly higher in 2018 for sales of softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and linerboard to China and other export markets.
Average sales price realizations in Russian markets increased year over year for all products.
Input costs were higher in 2018, primarily for wood, fuel and chemicals.
Distribution costs were negatively impacted by tariffs and inflation.
The Company received cash dividends from the joint venture of $128 million in 2018, $133 million in 2017 and $58 million in 2016.
Entering the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes are expected to be lower than in the fourth quarter of 2018, due to the seasonal slowdown in China and fewer trading days.
Based on pricing to date in the current quarter, average sales prices are expected to decrease for hardwood pulp, softwood pulp and linerboard to China.
Input costs are projected to be relatively flat, while distribution costs are expected to increase.
Equity Earnings - GPIP International Paper recorded equity earnings of $46 million on its 20.5% ownership position in GPIP in 2018.
The Company received cash dividends from the investment of $25 million in 2018.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Overview A major factor in International Paper’s liquidity and capital resource planning is its generation of operating cash flow, which is highly sensitive to changes in the pricing and demand for our major products.
While changes in key cash operating costs, such as energy, raw material, mill outage and transportation costs, do have an effect on operating cash generation, we believe that our focus on pricing and cost controls has improved our cash flow generation over an operating cycle.
Cash uses during 2018 were primarily focused on working capital requirements, capital spending, debt reductions and returning cash to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases under the Company's share repurchase program.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities Cash provided by operations, including discontinued operations, totaled $3.2 billion in 2018, compared with $1.8 billion for 2017, and $2.5 billion for 2016.
Cash used by working capital components (accounts receivable, contract assets and inventory less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, interest payable and other) totaled $439 million in 2018, compared with cash used by working capital components of $402 million in 2017, and cash provided by working capital components of $71 million in 2016.
Investment Activities Including discontinued operations, investment activities in 2018 increased from 2017, as 2018 included higher capital spending.
In 2016, investment activity included the purchase of Weyerhaeuser's pulp business for $2.2 billion in cash, the purchase of the Holmen business for $57 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and proceeds from the sale of the Asia Packaging business of $108 million, net of cash divested.
The Company maintains an average capital spending target around depreciation and amortization levels, or modestly above, due to strategic plans over the course of an economic cycle.
Capital spending was $1.6 billion in 2018, or 118% of depreciation and amortization, compared with $1.4 billion in 2017, or 98% of depreciation and amortization, and $1.3 billion, or 110% of depreciation and amortization in 2016.
Across our segments, capital spending as a percentage of depreciation and amortization ranged from 69.8% to 132.1% in 2018.
The following table shows capital spending for operations by business segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, excluding amounts related to discontinued operations of $111 million in 2017 and $107 million in 2016.
## Table 0 ##
Capital expenditures in 2019 are currently expected to be about $1.4 billion, or 104% of depreciation and amortization, including approximately $400 million of strategic investments.
Certain of the contracted assets acquired by NRG Yield, Inc.  in July 2013 were in development in 2013 and are further described below, including Alpine, Borrego and CVSR.
On December 31, 2013, a subsidiary of NRG Yield, Inc.  acquired a 100% interest in Energy Systems Company, or Energy Systems.
Energy Systems is an operator of steam and chilled thermal facilities that provides heating and cooling services to nonresidential customers in Omaha, Nebraska.
Renewable Development and Acquisitions As part of its core strategy, NRG intends to continue to own, operate and invest in the development and acquisition of renewable energy projects.
NRG's renewable strategy is intended to capitalize on scale and first mover advantage in a high growth segment of the energy sector and the Company's existing wholesale and retail businesses in states with policies and market opportunities conducive to the development of a growing utility scale and distributed solar business.
In particular, as the installed cost of new renewable resources continues to decline, the Company intends to target opportunities in markets where alternative energy solutions have, or are becoming, increasingly price competitive to system power and the electricity distribution systems have become increasingly susceptible to service disruption as a result of, among other factors, extreme weather.
This section briefly describes the Company's most notable current activities in renewable development.
Solar NRG has acquired and is developing a number of solar projects utilizing photovoltaic, or PV, as well as solar thermal technologies.
As of December 31, 2013, NRG had 1,186 MW of capacity at its commercially operating solar facilities, which includes the assets in service at Ivanpah, Agua Caliente, CVSR, Alpine, Borrego, High Desert, Kansas South, Distributed Solar, among others.
The following table is a brief summary of the Company's major Utility Scale Solar projects, as of December 31, 2013, that are or were under construction during the fourth quarter.
## Table 1 ##
(a) Represents total project size.
(b) NRG owns a 50.1% stake in the Ivanpah solar project.
(c) NRG owns a 51.05% stake of CVSR and owns a 65.5% stake of NRG Yield Inc. 's 48.95% stake of CVSR, for a total 83% stake in the 250 MW CVSR project, of which NRG consolidates its interest.
Below is a summary of recent developments related to solar projects: Ivanpah — Ivanpah achieved operations as of December 31, 2013.
Power generated from Ivanpah is being sold to Southern California Edison and PG&E under multiple 20 to 25 year PPAs.
Agua Caliente — On January 18, 2012, the Company completed the sale of a 49% interest in NRG Solar AC Holdings LLC, the indirect owner of Agua Caliente, to MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company.
Operations commenced in phases through the third quarter of 2013, with 253 MW having achieved commercial operations from January through December of 2012.
Full commercial operations of the entire 290 MWproject was achieved as of September 30, 2013.
Power generated from Agua Caliente is being sold to PG&E under a 25 year PPA.
CVSR — Operations commenced on the first 22 MW phase in September 2012 and 105 MWs for phases 2 and 4 in December 2012.
For the completion of the final phase, 21 MWs commenced operation in the third quarter of 2013 and 102 MWs commenced operation in October 2013.
Power generated from CVSR is sold to PG&E under 25 year PPAs.
High Desert — In the first quarter of 2013, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, NRG Solar PV LLC, acquired High Desert, a 20 MW utility-scale photovoltaic solar facility located in Lancaster, California.
The project was financed with $24 million in equity and $82 million of nonrecourse project level debt as discussed in Note 12, Debt and Capital Leases.
The solar facility provides electricity to Southern California Edison under a 20-year PPA.
Kansas South — In the second quarter of 2013, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, NRG Solar PV LLC, acquired Kansas South, a 20 MW utility-scale photovoltaic solar facility located in Kings County, California.
The project was financed with $21 million in equity and $59 million of nonrecourse project level debt as discussed in Note 12, Debt and Capital Leases.
The solar facility provides electricity to PG&E under a 20-year PPA.
The following table provides the details of NRG's operating revenues:
## Table 2 ##
Energy revenue consists of revenues received from third parties for sales of electricity in the day-ahead and real-time markets, as well as bilateral sales.
It also includes energy sold through long-term PPAs for renewable facilities.
In addition, energy revenue includes revenues from the settlement of financial instruments and net realized trading revenues.
Capacity revenue consists of revenues received from a third party at either the market or negotiated contract rates for making installed generation capacity available in order to satisfy system integrity and reliability requirements.
Capacity revenue also includes revenues from the settlement of financial instruments.
In addition, capacity revenue includes revenues received under tolling arrangements, which entitle third parties to dispatch NRG's facilities and assume title to the electrical generation produced from that facility.
Retail revenue, representing operating revenues of NRG's Retail Business, consists of revenues from retail sales to residential, small business, commercial, industrial and governmental/institutional customers, as well as revenues from the sale of excess supply into various markets, primarily in Texas.
Mark-to-market for economic hedging activities includes asset-backed hedges that have not been designated as cash flow hedges and ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges.
Contract amortization revenue consists of the amortization of the intangible assets for net in-market C&I contracts established in connection with the acquisitions of Reliant Energy and Green Mountain Energy, as well as acquired power contracts, gas derivative instruments, and certain power sales agreements assumed at Fresh Start and Texas Genco purchase accounting dates related to the sale of electric capacity and energy in future periods.
These amounts are amortized into revenue over the term of the underlying contracts based on actual generation or contracted volumes.
Other revenues include revenues generated by the Thermal business consisting of revenues received from the sale of steam, hot and chilled water generally produced at a central district energy plant and sold to commercial, governmental and residential buildings for space heating, domestic hot water heating and air conditioning.
It also includes the sale of high-pressure steam produced and delivered to industrial customers that is used as part of an industrial process.
Other revenues also consists of operations and maintenance fees, or O&M fees, construction management services, or CMA fees, sale of natural gas and emission allowances, and revenues from ancillary services.
O&M fees consist of revenues received from providing certain unconsolidated affiliates with services under long-term operating agreements.
CMA fees are earned where NRG provides certain management and oversight of construction projects pursuant to negotiated agreements such as for the GenConn, Cedar Bayou 4 and certain solar construction projects.
Ancillary services are comprised of the sale of energy-related products associated with the generation of electrical energy such as spinning reserves, reactive power and other similar products.
Other revenues also includes unrealized trading activities.

<table><tr><td>In millions</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Packaging</td><td>$1,061</td><td>$836</td><td>$832</td></tr><tr><td>Global Cellulose Fibers</td><td>183</td><td>188</td><td>174</td></tr><tr><td>Printing Papers</td><td>303</td><td>235</td><td>215</td></tr><tr><td>Subtotal</td><td>1,547</td><td>1,259</td><td>1,221</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate and other</td><td>25</td><td>21</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Capital Spending</td><td>$1,572</td><td>$1,280</td><td>$1,241</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>NRG Owned Projects</td><td>Location</td><td>PPA</td><td>MW<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>COD or Expected COD</td><td>Status</td></tr><tr><td>Guam</td><td>Guam, U.S. territory</td><td>25 year</td><td>26</td><td>2014</td><td>Under Construction</td></tr><tr><td>Ivanpah<sup>(b)</sup></td><td>Ivanpah, CA</td><td>20 - 25 year</td><td>378</td><td>2013</td><td>In-Service</td></tr><tr><td>CVSR<sup>(c)</sup></td><td>San Luis Obispo, CA</td><td>25 year</td><td>250</td><td>2012 - 2013</td><td>In-Service</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2013</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">(In millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Energy revenue</td><td>$5,606</td><td>$3,776</td><td>$3,804</td><td>$4,063</td><td>$4,087</td></tr><tr><td>Capacity revenue</td><td>1,860</td><td>800</td><td>750</td><td>840</td><td>1,070</td></tr><tr><td>Retail revenue</td><td>6,297</td><td>5,888</td><td>5,807</td><td>5,277</td><td>4,440</td></tr><tr><td>Mark-to-market for economic hedging activities</td><td>-542</td><td>-450</td><td>325</td><td>-199</td><td>-107</td></tr><tr><td>Contract amortization</td><td>-32</td><td>-97</td><td>-159</td><td>-195</td><td>-179</td></tr><tr><td>Other revenues</td><td>433</td><td>302</td><td>342</td><td>361</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Eliminations</td><td>-2,327</td><td>-1,797</td><td>-1,790</td><td>-1,298</td><td>-421</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating revenues</td><td>$11,295</td><td>$8,422</td><td>$9,079</td><td>$8,849</td><td>$8,952</td></tr></table>

Question: what is the growth observed in the industrial packaging segment , during 2017 and 2018?
Answer: 0.26914