Notes to consolidated financial statements 224 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2015 Annual Report Employees begin to receive matching contributions after completing a one-year-of-service requirement.
Employees with total annual cash compensation of $250,000 or more are not eligible for matching contributions.
Matching contributions vest after three years of service.
The 401(k) Savings Plan also permits discretionary profit-sharing contributions by participating companies for certain employees, subject to a specified vesting schedule.
OPEB plans JPMorgan Chase offers postretirement medical and life insurance benefits to certain retirees and postretirement medical benefits to qualifying U. S.  employees.
These benefits vary with the length of service and the date of hire and provide for limits on the Firm’s share of covered medical benefits.
The medical and life insurance benefits are both contributory.
Effective January 1, 2015, there was a transition of certain Medicare eligible retirees from JPMC group sponsored coverage to Medicare exchanges.
As a result of this change, eligible retirees will receive a Healthcare Reimbursement Account amount each year if they enroll through the Medicare exchange.
The impact of this change was not material.
Postretirement medical benefits also are offered to qualifying United Kingdom (“U.
K. ”) employees.
JPMorgan Chase’s U. S.  OPEB obligation is funded with corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”) purchased on the lives of eligible employees and retirees.
While the Firm owns the COLI policies, COLI proceeds (death benefits, withdrawals and other distributions) may be used only to reimburse the Firm for its net postretirement benefit claim payments and related administrative expense.
The U. K.  OPEB plan is unfunded.
The following table presents the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status amounts reported on the Consolidated balance sheets for the Firm’s U. S.  and non-U.
S.  defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.
## Table 0 ##
(a) Represents plans with an aggregate overfunded balance of $4.1 billion and $3.9 billion at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and plans with an aggregate underfunded balance of $636 million and $708 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(b) At December 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately $533 million and $336 million, respectively, of U. S.  plan assets included participation rights under participating annuity contracts.
(c) At December 31, 2015 and 2014, defined benefit pension plan amounts not measured at fair value included $74 million and $106 million, respectively, of accrued receivables, and $123 million and $257 million, respectively, of accrued liabilities, for U. S.  plans.
(d) Includes an unfunded accumulated postretirement benefit obligation of $32 million and $37 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for the U. K.  plan.
Notes to consolidated financial statements 272 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2015 Annual Report Loan securitizations The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgage, credit card, student and commercial (primarily related to real estate) loans, as well as debt securities.
The purposes of these securitization transactions were to satisfy investor demand and to generate liquidity for the Firm.
For loan securitizations in which the Firm is not required to consolidate the trust, the Firm records the transfer of the loan receivable to the trust as a sale when all of the following accounting criteria for a sale are met: (1) the transferred financial assets are legally isolated from the Firm’s creditors; (2) the transferee or beneficial interest holder can pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets; and (3) the Firm does not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets (e. g. , the Firm cannot repurchase the transferred assets before their maturity and it does not have the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return the transferred assets).
For loan securitizations accounted for as a sale, the Firm recognizes a gain or loss based on the difference between the value of proceeds received (including cash, beneficial interests, or servicing assets received) and the carrying value of the assets sold.
Gains and losses on securitizations are reported in noninterest revenue.
Securitization activity The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, related to assets held in JPMorgan Chase-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved based on the accounting rules in effect at the time of the securitization.
## Table 1 ##
(a) Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b) Proceeds from residential mortgage securitizations were received in the form of securities.
During 2015, $3.0 billion of residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities and classified in level 2, and $59 million were classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
During 2014, $2.4 billion of residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities and classified in level 2, and $185 million were classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
During 2013, $1.4 billion of residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities and classified in level 2.
Proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities and cash.
During 2015, $12.0 billion of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities and classified in level 2, and $43 million of proceeds were classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy; and zero of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as cash.
During 2014, $11.4 billion of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities and classified in level 2, and $130 million of proceeds were classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: and $568 million of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as cash.
During 2013, $11.3 billion of commercial mortgage securitizations were classified in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and $207 million of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as cash.
(c) Includes cash paid by the Firm to reacquire assets from off–balance sheet, nonconsolidated entities – for example, loan repurchases due to representation and warranties and servicer clean-up calls.
(d) Includes prime, Alt-A, subprime, and option ARMs.
Excludes certain loan securitization transactions entered into with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
(e) Key assumptions used to measure residential mortgage retained interests originated during the year included weighted-average life (in years) of 4.2, 5.9 and 3.9 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and weighted-average discount rate of 2.9%, 3.4% and 2.5% for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Key assumptions used to measure commercial and other retained interests originated during the year included weighted-average life (in years) of 6.2, 6.5 and 8.3 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, and weighted-average discount rate of 4.1%, 4.8% and 3.2% for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(f) Includes commercial and student loan securitizations.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U. S.  governmentsponsored enterprises (“U.
S.  GSEs”), loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U. S.  GSEs.
These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U. S.  GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e. g. , credit enhancement of the loans).
The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U. S.  government agency.
The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary.
For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans
Management’s discussion and analysis 72 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2015 Annual Report CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following section of the MD&A provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three-year period ended December 31, 2015.
Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment.
For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations, see pages 165–169.
Revenue
## Table 2 ##
(a) Included operating lease income of $2.1 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.2015 compared with 2014 Total net revenue for 2015 was down by 2% compared with the prior year, predominantly driven by lower Corporate private equity gains, lower CIB revenue reflecting the impact of business simplification initiatives, and lower CCB Mortgage Banking revenue.
These decreases were partially offset by a benefit from a legal settlement in Corporate, and higher operating lease income, predominantly in CCB.
Investment banking fees increased from the prior year, reflecting higher advisory fees, partially offset by lower equity and debt underwriting fees.
The increase in advisory fees was driven by a greater share of fees for completed transactions as well as growth in industry-wide fee levels.
The decrease in equity underwriting fees resulted from lower industry-wide issuance, and the decrease in debt underwriting fees resulted primarily from lower loan syndication and bond underwriting fees on lower industrywide fee levels.
For additional information on investment banking fees, see CIB segment results on pages 94–98 and Note 7.
Principal transactions revenue decreased from the prior year, reflecting lower private equity gains in Corporate driven by lower valuation gains and lower net gains on sales as the Firm exits this non-core business.
The decrease was partially offset by higher client-driven market-making revenue, particularly in foreign exchange, interest rate and equity-related products in CIB, as well as a gain of approximately $160 million on CCB’s investment in Square, Inc.  upon its initial public offering.
For additional information, see CIB and Corporate segment results on pages 94–98 and pages 105–106, respectively, and Note 7.
Asset management, administration and commissions revenue decreased compared with the prior year, largely as a result of lower fees in CIB and lower performance fees in AM.
The decrease was partially offset by higher asset management fees as a result of net client inflows into assets under management and the impact of higher average market levels in AM and CCB.
For additional information, see the segment discussions of CIB and AM on pages 94–98 and pages 102–104, respectively, and Note 7.
Mortgage fees and related income decreased compared with the prior year, reflecting lower servicing revenue largely as a result of lower average third-party loans serviced, and lower net production revenue reflecting a lower repurchase benefit.
For further information on mortgage fees and related income, see the segment discussion of CCB on pages 85–93 and Notes 7 and 17.
For information on lending- and deposit-related fees, see the segment results for CCB on pages 85–93, CIB on pages 94–98, and CB on pages 99–101 and Note 7; securities gains, see the Corporate segment discussion on pages 105– 106; and card income, see CCB segment results on pages 85–93.
Other income was relatively flat compared with the prior year, reflecting a $514 million benefit from a legal settlement in Corporate, higher operating lease income as a result of growth in auto operating lease assets in CCB, and the absence of losses related to the exit of non-core portfolios in Card.
These increases were offset by the impact of business simplification in CIB; the absence of a benefit recognized in 2014 from a franchise tax settlement; and losses related to the accelerated amortization of cash flow hedges associated with the exit of certain nonoperating deposits.
Net interest income was relatively flat compared with the prior year, as lower loan yields, lower investment securities net interest income, and lower trading asset balance and yields were offset by higher average loan balances and lower interest expense on deposits.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $2.1 trillion in 2015, and the net interest yield on these assets, on a fully taxableequivalent (“FTE”) basis, was 2.14%, a decrease of 4 basis points from the prior year.2014 compared with 2013 Total net revenue for 2014 was down by 2% compared with the prior year, predominantly due to lower mortgage fees and related income and lower other income.
The decrease was partially offset by higher asset management, administration and commissions revenue.
Investment banking fees increased compared with the prior year, due to higher advisory and equity underwriting fees, largely offset by lower debt underwriting fees.
The increase

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Defined benefit pension plans</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>As of or for the year ended December 31,</td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td></td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td><td colspan="2">OPEB plans<sup>(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><td>(in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td></td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>Change in benefit obligation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation, beginning of year</td><td>$-12,536</td><td>$-10,776</td><td></td><td>$-3,640</td><td>$-3,433</td><td>$-842</td><td>$-826</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits earned during the year</td><td>-340</td><td>-281</td><td></td><td>-37</td><td>-33</td><td>-1</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost on benefit obligations</td><td>-498</td><td>-534</td><td></td><td>-112</td><td>-137</td><td>-31</td><td>-38</td></tr><tr><td>Plan amendments</td><td>—</td><td>-53</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Special termination benefits</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>-1</td><td>-1</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Curtailments</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-3</td></tr><tr><td>Employee contributions</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>-7</td><td>-7</td><td>-25</td><td>-62</td></tr><tr><td>Net gain/(loss)</td><td>702</td><td>-1,669</td><td></td><td>146</td><td>-408</td><td>71</td><td>-58</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>760</td><td>777</td><td></td><td>120</td><td>119</td><td>88</td><td>145</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Medicare Part D subsidy receipts</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td>-6</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange impact and other</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>184</td><td>260</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation, end of year</td><td>$-11,912</td><td>$-12,536</td><td></td><td>$-3,347</td><td>$-3,640</td><td>$-744</td><td>$-842</td></tr><tr><td>Change in plan assets</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year</td><td>$14,623</td><td>$14,354</td><td></td><td>$3,718</td><td>$3,532</td><td>$1,903</td><td>$1,757</td></tr><tr><td>Actual return on plan assets</td><td>231</td><td>1,010</td><td></td><td>52</td><td>518</td><td>13</td><td>159</td></tr><tr><td>Firm contributions</td><td>31</td><td>36</td><td></td><td>45</td><td>46</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Employee contributions</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>-760</td><td>-777</td><td></td><td>-120</td><td>-119</td><td>-63</td><td>-16</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange impact and other</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>-191</td><td>-266</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets, end of year</td><td>$14,125</td><td>$14,623</td><td><sup>(b)(c)</sup></td><td>$3,511</td><td>$3,718</td><td>$1,855</td><td>$1,903</td></tr><tr><td>Net funded status<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>$2,213</td><td>$2,087</td><td></td><td>$164</td><td>$78</td><td>$1,111</td><td>$1,061</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year</td><td>$-11,774</td><td>$-12,375</td><td></td><td>$-3,322</td><td>$-3,615</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2015</td><td colspan="2">2014</td><td colspan="2">2013</td></tr><tr><td>Year ended December 31,(in millions, except rates)<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>Residential mortgage<sup>(d)(e)</sup></td><td>Commercial and other<sup>(e)(f)</sup></td><td>Residential mortgage<sup>(d)(e)</sup></td><td>Commercial and other<sup>(e)(f)</sup></td><td>Residential mortgage<sup>(d)(e)</sup></td><td>Commercial and other<sup>(e)(f)</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Principal securitized</td><td>$3,008</td><td>$11,933</td><td>$2,558</td><td>$11,911</td><td>$1,404</td><td>$11,318</td></tr><tr><td>All cash flows during the period:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from new securitizations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td>$3,022</td><td>$12,011</td><td>$2,569</td><td>$12,079</td><td>$1,410</td><td>$11,507</td></tr><tr><td>Servicing fees collected</td><td>528</td><td>3</td><td>557</td><td>4</td><td>576</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)<sup>(c)</sup></td><td>3</td><td>—</td><td>121</td><td>—</td><td>294</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows received on interests</td><td>407</td><td>597</td><td>179</td><td>578</td><td>156</td><td>325</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>(in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td>Investment banking fees</td><td>$6,751</td><td>$6,542</td><td>$6,354</td></tr><tr><td>Principal transactions</td><td>10,408</td><td>10,531</td><td>10,141</td></tr><tr><td>Lending- and deposit-related fees</td><td>5,694</td><td>5,801</td><td>5,945</td></tr><tr><td>Asset management, administration and commissions</td><td>15,509</td><td>15,931</td><td>15,106</td></tr><tr><td>Securities gains</td><td>202</td><td>77</td><td>667</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage fees and related income</td><td>2,513</td><td>3,563</td><td>5,205</td></tr><tr><td>Card income</td><td>5,924</td><td>6,020</td><td>6,022</td></tr><tr><td>Other income<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>3,032</td><td>3,013</td><td>4,608</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest revenue</td><td>50,033</td><td>51,478</td><td>54,048</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest income</td><td>43,510</td><td>43,634</td><td>43,319</td></tr><tr><td>Total net revenue</td><td>$93,543</td><td>$95,112</td><td>$97,367</td></tr></table>

Question: What's the current growth rate of Actual return on plan assets in terms of OPEB plans?
Answer: -0.91824