Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 (?
?fiscal 2018?
and ?
?fiscal 2017??)
Revenue Our revenue is comprised of the following:
## Table 0 ##
Impella product revenue encompasses Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella RP and Impella AIC product sales.
Service and other revenue represents revenue earned on service maintenance contracts and preventative maintenance calls.
Other revenue includes sales of the AB5000 that we no longer sell.
Total revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $148.4 million, or 33%, to $593.7 million from $445.3 million for fiscal 2017.
The increase in total revenue was primarily due to higher Impella product revenue from increased utilization in the U.
S and Europe.
Impella product revenue for fiscal 2018 increased by $147.2 million, or 35%, to $570.9 million from $423.7 million for fiscal 2017.
Most of the increase in Impella product revenue was from greater device sales in the U. S. , as we focus on increasing utilization of our disposable catheter products through continued investment in our field organization and physician training programs.
Impella product revenue outside of the U. S.  also increased primarily due to increased utilization in Germany.
We expect revenue from our Impella devices to continue to increase with our recent PMA approvals in the U. S.  and our continued controlled launch of Impella devices outside of the U. S.  with a focus on Germany and Japan.
Service revenue for fiscal 2018 increased by $3.7 million, or 19%, to $22.8 million from $19.1 million for fiscal 2017.
The increase in service revenue was primarily due to an increase in preventative maintenance service contracts.
We have expanded the number of Impella AIC consoles at many of our existing higher volume customer sites and continue to sell additional consoles to new customer sites.
We expect service revenue growth to be slower than our Impella product revenue growth in the near future as most U. S.  sites have service contracts that normally have three year terms.
The decrease in other revenue was due to a decline in AB5000 disposable sales.
We are no longer selling the AB5000 revenue device and we do not expect to have any other revenue in the near future.
We have transitioned our sales focus in the surgical suite from the AB5000 to Impella 5.0, Impella LD and Impella RP devices.
Costs and Expenses Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue for fiscal 2018 increased by $28.0 million, or 40%, to $98.6 million from $70.6 million for fiscal 2017.
Gross margin was 83% for fiscal 2018 and 84% for fiscal 2017.
The increase in cost of revenue was related to increased growing demand for Impella devices and higher production volume and costs to support growing demand for our Impella devices.
The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to an increased investment in direct labor and overhead as we expand our manufacturing capacity, increased shipments of AIC consoles and geographic mix.
Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses for fiscal 2018 increased by $8.9 million, or 13%, to $75.3 million from $66.4 million for fiscal 2017.
The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to product development initiatives on our existing products, such as optical sensor technology, product initiatives, such as Impella 5.5TM and Impella ECPTM devices, the expansion of our engineering organization, increased clinical spending primarily related to our STEMI trial and cVAD registry and our continnued focus on quality initiatives for our Impella devices.
We expect research and development expenses to continue to increase as we continue to increase clinical spending related to our cVAD registry and the STEMI trial and incur additional costs as we continue to ffocus on engineering initiatives to improve our existing products and develop new technologies.
Operating profit for the segment was unchanged for 2010 compared to 2009.
Growth in Space Transportation’s operating profit was more than offset by a decline in Satellites’ operating profit.
S&DMS operating profit was relatively unchanged between periods.
The $21 million increase in Space Transportation mainly was attributable to higher equity earnings on the ULA and USA joint ventures and higher volume on the Orion program, which partially were offset by lower volume on the space shuttle’s external tank program.
Satellites’ operating profit decreased $23 million primarily due to lower volume and performance on commercial satellite programs, which partially was offset by higher volume and improved performance on government satellite programs in 2010.
Equity earnings represented 27% of operating profit at Space Systems in 2010, compared to 22% in 2009.
Operating profit for the segment increased 2% in 2009 compared to 2008.
During the year, operating profit growth at Satellites more than offset declines at Space Transportation and S&DMS.
In Satellites, the operating profit increase of $88 million mainly was due to higher volume on government satellite activities, which partially was offset by lower volume in commercial satellite activities.
The decrease of $46 million in Space Transportation’s operating profit mainly was attributable to the absence in 2009 of a benefit recognized in 2008 from the successful negotiations of a terminated commercial launch vehicle contract, lower volume on the space shuttle external tank program, and lower equity earnings in 2009 on the ULA joint venture.
The decrease in S&DMS’ operating profit of $19 million primarily was attributable to a lower volume on defensive missile programs and a reduction in the level of favorable performance adjustments in 2009 compared to 2008 on strategic missile programs.
Total equity earnings recognized by Space Systems, which includes ULA and USA, represented 22% of the segment’s operating profit in 2009 compared to 24% in 2008.
Backlog increased in 2010 compared to 2009 mainly due to orders exceeding sales on government satellite programs in Satellites and strategic missile programs in S&DMS, which more than offset higher sales volume compared to new orders on the Orion program in Space Transportation in 2010.
The decrease in backlog during 2009 compared to 2008 was primarily attributable to declines in orders and higher sales volume on the Orion program in Space Transportation and on government satellite programs in Satellites.
We expect Space Systems’ sales for 2011 will be comparable with the 2010 results.
Sales are expected to decline due to the end of our production of the external tank for the space shuttle, offset by growth in satellite activities.
Segment operating profit is expected to be down slightly primarily due to lower anticipated levels of equity earnings from our ownership interest in USA, which provides processing activities for the space shuttle.
USA’s activities will be winding down as the space shuttle’s last flight will be in 2011.
Segment operating margin is expected to slightly decline due to the lower equity earnings.
Unallocated Corporate Income (Expense), Net The following table shows the components of unallocated Corporate income (expense), net, including the CAS expense that is included as expense in the segments’ operating results, the related FAS pension expense, and the resulting FAS/CAS pension adjustment.
## Table 1 ##
(a) Includes the $178 million charge associated with the VESP for qualifying company executives we announced in July 2010 and the $42 million charge associated with the MS2 facilities consolidation (see Note 3).
The approximate amounts of the VESP attributable to our business segments were as follows: Aeronautics – $25 million; Electronic Systems – $38 million; IS&GS – $42 million; and Space Systems – $41 million.
The remaining $32 million was attributable to Corporate.
FAS pension expense increased in 2010 compared to 2009, and in 2009 compared to 2008, due to the 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate each year and continued amortization of the actuarial losses incurred in 2008 as a result of the significant negative return on plan assets compared to our 8.5% long-term rate of return assumption (see the related discussion in Critical Accounting Policies under the caption “Postretirement Benefit Plans”).
## Table 2 ##
(1) Comprised principally of corporate expenses not allocated to the segments, interest on postretirement medical benefits, stock-based compensation costs, amortization expense associated with intangible assets recorded as a result of the acquisition of Smith and certain other nonoperating items.
(2) Excludes interest income included in the segments’ income (2011 – $3 million; 2010 – $7 million).
(3) Excludes interest expense included in the segments’ income (2011 – $8 million; 2010 – $5 million).
(4) Charges and credits are described in detail in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Oilfield Services Full-year 2011 revenue of $37.0 billion was 39% higher than 2010 primarily reflecting the acquisition of Smith on August 27, 2010 as well as the significantly improved activity, pricing and asset efficiency for Well Services Technologies in North America as the market transitioned to liquid-rich plays demanding increasing service intensity in drilling and completing horizontal wells.
Year-on-year pretax operating margin increased 75 bps to 19.8% largely due to the improved pricing and asset efficiency for Well Services Technologies in North America and the resumption of higher-margin activity in the US Gulf of Mexico.
However, the margin expansion was tempered by activity disruptions from the geopolitical unrest in North Africa and in the Middle East during the first quarter of 2011.
Reservoir Characterization Revenue of $9.93 billion was 7% higher than the same period last year on stronger Wireline activity, higher WesternGeco marine and multiclient sales, and increased SIS software sales.
Year-on-year, pretax operating margin decreased 23 bps to 24.7% led by margin declines in Wireline and Testing Services, largely due to the revenue mix, as well as the impact of geopolitical events which prevailed during the first quarter of 2011.
The margin decline however was partially offset by a favorable WesternGeco multiclient sales mix and improved marine vessel utilization.
Drilling Revenue of $14.25 billion was 73% higher than the same period last year reflecting the acquisitions of Smith, in August 2010, and Geoservices, in April 2010, partially offset by a decrease in IPM activities in Mexico.
The ramp-up of IPM projects in Iraq also contributed to the revenue increase.
Year-on-year, pretax operating margin decreased 24 bps to 16.0% largely due to the addition of the Smith and Geoservices activities as well as the effects of the geopolitical events.

<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">Fiscal Years Ended March 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">(in $000's)</td></tr><tr><td>Impella product revenue</td><td>$</td><td>570,870</td><td>$423,694</td></tr><tr><td>Service revenue</td><td></td><td>22,752</td><td>19,116</td></tr><tr><td>Other revenue</td><td></td><td>127</td><td>2,494</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>$</td><td>593,749</td><td>$445,304</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td><i>(In millions)</i></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>VESP and other charges<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>$-220</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td></tr><tr><td>Other unallocated Corporate income (expense), net:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FAS/CAS pension adjustment:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FAS pension expense</td><td>-1,442</td><td>-1,036</td><td>-462</td></tr><tr><td>Less: CAS expense</td><td>-988</td><td>-580</td><td>-590</td></tr><tr><td>FAS/CAS pension adjustment – income (expense)</td><td>-454</td><td>-456</td><td>128</td></tr><tr><td>Other items not considered in segment operating performance</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>193</td></tr><tr><td>Stock compensation expense</td><td>-168</td><td>-154</td><td>-155</td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>-137</td><td>-79</td><td>-5</td></tr><tr><td>Total other unallocated Corporate income (expense), net</td><td>-759</td><td>-689</td><td>161</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$-979</td><td>$-689</td><td>$161</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2011</td><td colspan="2">2010</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Revenue</td><td>Income before taxes</td><td>Revenue</td><td>Income before taxes</td></tr><tr><td> <i>Oilfield Services</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>$12,273</td><td>$3,051</td><td>$6,729</td><td>$1,145</td></tr><tr><td>Latin America</td><td>6,453</td><td>1,072</td><td>4,985</td><td>808</td></tr><tr><td>Europe/CIS/Africa</td><td>9,761</td><td>1,489</td><td>8,024</td><td>1,457</td></tr><tr><td>Middle East & Asia</td><td>8,065</td><td>1,868</td><td>6,650</td><td>1,764</td></tr><tr><td>Eliminations & other</td><td>407</td><td>-175</td><td>285</td><td>-103</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>36,959</td><td>7,305</td><td>26,673</td><td>5,071</td></tr><tr><td> <i>Distribution</i></td><td>2,621</td><td>103</td><td>774</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Eliminations</td><td>-40</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2,581</td><td>103</td><td>774</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other<sup>-1</sup></td><td>–</td><td>-592</td><td>–</td><td>-405</td></tr><tr><td>Interest income<sup>-2</sup></td><td>–</td><td>37</td><td>–</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense<sup>-3</sup></td><td>–</td><td>-290</td><td>–</td><td>-202</td></tr><tr><td>Charges & credits<sup>-4</sup></td><td>–</td><td>-225</td><td>–</td><td>620</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$39,540</td><td>$6,338</td><td>$27,447</td><td>$5,156</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the average value of Latin America for Oilfield Services for Revenue and Less: CAS expense in 2010? (in million)
Answer: 1998.5