CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 94 Standardized Approach The Parent Company, CBNA and CBPA calculate regulatory ratios using the Basel III Standardized approach, as defined by U. S.  regulators, for determining risk-weighted assets.
Under this approach no distinction is made for variations in credit quality for corporate exposures.
Additionally, the economic benefit of collateral is restricted to a limited list of eligible securities and cash.
At December 31, 2016, we estimate our CET1 capital, CET1 capital ratio and total risk-weighted assets using the Basel III Standardized approach, on a fully phased-in basis, to be $13.8 billion, 11.1% and $124.1 billion, respectively.
Our estimates may be refined over time because of further rulemaking or clarification by U. S.  banking regulators or as our understanding and interpretation of rules evolve.
The following table provides a reconciliation of regulatory ratios and ratio components using the Basel III Standardized Transitional rules and Basel III Standardized estimates on a fully-phased in basis for common equity tier 1 capital, total capital and risk-weighted assets.
## Table 0 ##
(1)Fully phased-in regulatory capital ratios are Key Performance Metrics.
For more information on Key Performance Metrics, see “—Principal Components of Operations and Key Performance Metrics Used By Management.
” (2) “Common equity tier 1 capital ratio” is CET1 capital divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under Basel III Standardized approach.
(3) “Total capital ratio” is total capital divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under Basel III Standardized approach.
Regulatory Capital Ratios and Capital Composition CET1 capital under Basel III Standardized Transitional rules totaled $13.8 billion at December 31, 2016, and increased $433 million from $13.4 billion at December 31, 2015, as growth in net income and amortization of deferred tax related to goodwill was partially offset by the impact of share repurchases and dividend payments.
Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2016 totaled $14.1 billion, reflecting a $433 million increase from $13.6 billion at December 31, 2015, driven by the changes in CET 1 capital noted above.
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $247 million of 5.500% Fixed-to-Floating Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock outstanding which qualified as additional tier 1 capital.
Total capital of $17.3 billion at December 31, 2016, decreased $158 million from December 31, 2015 as the benefit of net income growth and amortization of deferred tax related to goodwill was more than offset by the impact of the redemption of subordinated debt, share repurchases and dividend payments.
Risk-weighted assets based on Basel III Standardized Transitional rules at December 31, 2016 totaled $123.9 billion, up $9.8 billion from December 31, 2015.
The primary drivers for this change were growth in commercial, commercial real estate and student loan portfolios.
As of December 31, 2016, the tier 1 leverage ratio decreased 52 basis points to 9.9% from 10.5% as of December 31, 2015.
This decline reflected the net impact of an $11.2 billion increase in adjusted quarterly average total assets, which drove an 84 basis point decline in the ratio, and the previously noted increase in tier 1 capital, which added 32 basis points to the ratio.
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 95 The following table presents our capital composition under the U. S.  Basel III capital framework in effect at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
## Table 1 ##
(1) As a Basel III Standardized approach institution, we selected the one-time election to opt-out of the requirements to include all the components of AOCI.
Capital Adequacy Process Our assessment of capital adequacy begins with our risk appetite and risk management framework.
This framework provides for the identification, measurement and management of material risks.
Capital requirements are determined for actual and forecasted risk portfolios using applicable regulatory capital methodologies.
The assessment also considers the possible impacts of approved and proposed regulatory changes to future periods.
Key analytical frameworks, which enable assessment of capital adequacy versus unexpected loss, supplement our base case forecast.
These supplemental frameworks include integrated stress testing, as well as an internal capital adequacy requirement that builds on internally assessed economic capital requirements.
A robust governance framework supports our capital planning process.
This process includes capital management policies and procedures that document capital adequacy metrics and limits, as well as our comprehensive capital contingency plan and the active engagement of both the legal-entity boards and senior management in oversight and decision-making.
Forward-looking assessments of capital adequacy for us and for our banking subsidiaries feed development of capital plans that are submitted to the FRBG and to bank regulators.
We prepare these plans in full compliance with the FRBG’s Capital Plan Rule and we participate annually in the FRBG’s CCAR review process.
In addition to the stress test requirements under CCAR, we also participate in semiannual stress tests required by the Dodd-Frank Act.
All distributions proposed under our 2016 Capital Plan were subject to consideration and approval by our Board of Directors prior to execution.
The timing and exact amount of dividends and share repurchases will depend on various factors, including our capital position, financial performance and market conditions.
All of the following capital actions were completed during the year ended December 31, 2016.
These were part of the 2016 Capital Plan to which the Federal Reserve indicated no objection.
Capital Transactions ?
Declared quarterly common stock dividends of $0.10 per share for the first quarter of 2016 and $0.12 per share for each of the second, third and fourth quarters of 2016, aggregating to common stock dividend payments of $241 million; ?
Declared semi-annual dividends of $27.50 per share on the 5.500% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series A Preferred Stock, aggregating to preferred stock dividend payments of $7 million on April 6, 2016 and October 6, 2016; ?
Repurchased $625 million in qualifying subordinated notes; and
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 70 Noninterest Income The following table presents the significant components of our noninterest income
## Table 2 ##
(1) Includes net securities impairment losses on securities available for sale recognized in earnings and other income.
Additionally, noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2014 reflects a $288 million pre-tax gain related to the Chicago Divestiture.
Noninterest income of $1.4 billion in 2015 decreased $256 million, or 15%, compared to $1.7 billion in 2014, which included a $288 million pre-tax gain related to the Chicago Divestiture.
Excluding the gain, adjusted noninterest income* increased $32 million.
Service charges and fees, card fees and trust and investment services fees remained relatively stable.
Mortgage banking fees increased $30 million reflecting the benefit of improved portfolio sales gains and higher origination volumes.
Capital markets fees decreased $3 million, reflecting lower overall market conditions.
Securities gains remained relatively stable.
Adjusted other income*, excluding the impact of the $288 million pre-tax Chicago gain recorded in the second quarter of 2014, increased $3 million.
Provision for Credit Losses Provision for credit losses of $302 million in 2015 declined $17 million from $319 million in 2014, reflecting continued improvement in credit quality.
Net charge-offs for 2015 totaled $284 million, or 0.30% of average loans, compared to $323 million, or 0.36%, in 2014.
The provision for credit losses includes the provision for loan and lease losses as well as the provision for unfunded commitments.
The provision for loan and lease losses is the result of a detailed analysis performed to estimate an appropriate and adequate ALLL.
The total provision for credit losses included the provision for loan and lease losses as well as the provision for unfunded commitments.
Refer to “—Analysis of Financial Condition — Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets” for more information.
Noninterest Expense The following table displays the significant components of our noninterest expense
## Table 3 ##
Noninterest expense of $3.3 billion in 2015 declined $133 million or 4%, compared to $3.4 billion 2014, driven by a $119 million decrease in restructuring charges and special items.
Excluding the impact of the restructuring charges and special items, adjusted noninterest expense* decreased $14 million, driven by lower occupancy expense, salaries and employee benefits and other operating expense, partially offset by higher equipment, amortization of software, and outside services.
Results reflected the impact of the Chicago Divestiture and investments to drive future growth, offset by the benefit of efficiency initiatives.
Entergy Arkansas, Inc.  Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis 148 Fuel and purchased power expenses increased primarily due to increased recovery of deferred fuel and purchased power costs primarily due to an increase in April 2004 in the energy cost recovery rider and the true-ups to the 2003 and 2002 energy cost recovery rider filings.
Other regulatory credits decreased primarily due to the over-recovery of Grand Gulf costs due to an increase in the Grand Gulf rider effective January 2004.2003 Compared to 2002 Net revenue, which is Entergy Arkansas' measure of gross margin, consists of operating revenues net of: 1) fuel, fuel-related, and purchased power expenses and 2) other regulatory credits.
Following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2003 to 2002.
## Table 4 ##
The March 2002 settlement agreement resolved a request for recovery of ice storm costs incurred in December 2000 with an offset of those costs for funds contributed to pay for future stranded costs.
A 1997 settlement provided for the collection of earnings in excess of an 11% return on equity in a transition cost account (TCA) to offset stranded costs if retail open access were implemented.
In mid- and late December 2000, two separate ice storms left 226,000 and 212,500 Entergy Arkansas customers, respectively, without electric power in its service area.
Entergy Arkansas filed a proposal to recover costs plus carrying charges associated with power restoration caused by the ice storms.
Entergy Arkansas' final storm damage cost determination reflected costs of approximately $195 million.
The APSC approved a settlement agreement submitted in March 2002 by Entergy Arkansas, the APSC staff, and the Arkansas Attorney General.
In the March 2002 settlement, the parties agreed that $153 million of the ice storm costs would be classified as incremental ice storm expenses that can be offset against the TCA on a rate class basis, and any excess of ice storm costs over the amount available in the TCA would be deferred and amortized over 30 years, although such excess costs were not allowed to be included as a separate component of rate base.
The allocated ice storm expenses exceeded the available TCA funds by $15.8 million which was recorded as a regulatory asset in June 2002.
In accordance with the settlement agreement and following the APSC's approval of the 2001 earnings review related to the TCA, Entergy Arkansas filed to return $18.1 million of the TCA to certain large general service class customers that paid more into the TCA than their allocation of storm costs.
The APSC approved the return of funds to the large general service customer class in the form of refund checks in August 2002.
As part of the implementation of the March 2002 settlement agreement provisions, the TCA procedure ceased with the 2001 earnings evaluation.
Of the remaining ice storm costs, $32.2 million was addressed through established ratemaking procedures, including $22.2 million classified as capital additions, while $3.8 million of the ice storm costs was not recovered through rates.
The effect on net income of the March 2002 settlement agreement and 2001 earnings review was a $2.2 million increase in 2003, because the decrease in net revenue was offset by the decrease in operation and maintenance expenses discussed below.

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>Common equity tier 1 capital</td><td>$13,822</td><td>$13,389</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of intangibles at 100%</td><td>—</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Fully phased-in common equity tier 1 capital<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$13,822</td><td>$13,387</td></tr><tr><td>Total capital</td><td>$17,347</td><td>$17,505</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of intangibles at 100%</td><td>—</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Fully phased-in total capital<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$17,347</td><td>$17,503</td></tr><tr><td>Risk-weighted assets</td><td>$123,857</td><td>$114,084</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of intangibles - 100% capital deduction</td><td>—</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of mortgage servicing assets at 250% risk weight</td><td>244</td><td>246</td></tr><tr><td>Fully phased-in risk-weighted assets<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$124,101</td><td>$114,328</td></tr><tr><td>Transitional common equity tier 1 capital ratio<sup>-2</sup></td><td>11.2%</td><td>11.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Fully phased-in common equity tier 1 capital ratio<sup>-1(2)</sup></td><td>11.1</td><td>11.7</td></tr><tr><td>Transitional total capital ratio<sup>-3</sup></td><td>14.0</td><td>15.3</td></tr><tr><td>Fully phased-in total capital ratio<sup>-1(3)</sup></td><td>14.0</td><td>15.3</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Transitional Basel III December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>Total common stockholders’ equity</td><td>$19,499</td><td>$19,399</td></tr><tr><td>Exclusions<sup>-1</sup>:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net unrealized (gains) losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Debt and marketable equity securities available for sale</td><td>186</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives</td><td>88</td><td>-10</td></tr><tr><td>Unamortized net periodic benefit costs</td><td>394</td><td>369</td></tr><tr><td>Deductions:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>-6,876</td><td>-6,876</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred tax liability associated with goodwill</td><td>532</td><td>480</td></tr><tr><td>Other intangible assets</td><td>-1</td><td>-1</td></tr><tr><td>Total Common Equity Tier 1 Capital</td><td>13,822</td><td>13,389</td></tr><tr><td>Qualifying preferred stock</td><td>247</td><td>247</td></tr><tr><td>Total Tier 1 Capital</td><td>14,069</td><td>13,636</td></tr><tr><td>Qualifying long-term debt securities as tier 2</td><td>1,970</td><td>2,595</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for loan and lease losses</td><td>1,236</td><td>1,216</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposure</td><td>72</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Total capital</td><td>$17,347</td><td>$17,505</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Year Ended December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>Change</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Service charges and fees</td><td>$575</td><td>$574</td><td>$1</td><td>—%</td></tr><tr><td>Card fees</td><td>232</td><td>233</td><td>-1</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Trust and investment services fees</td><td>157</td><td>158</td><td>-1</td><td>-1</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage banking fees</td><td>101</td><td>71</td><td>30</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Capital markets fees</td><td>88</td><td>91</td><td>-3</td><td>-3</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange and letter of credit fees</td><td>90</td><td>95</td><td>-5</td><td>-5</td></tr><tr><td>Bank-owned life insurance income</td><td>56</td><td>49</td><td>7</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Securities gains, net</td><td>29</td><td>28</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Other income<sup>-1</sup></td><td>94</td><td>379</td><td>-285</td><td>-75</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest income</td><td>$1,422</td><td>$1,678</td><td>-$256</td><td>-15%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Year Ended December 31,</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(dollars in millions)</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>Change</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Salaries and employee benefits</td><td>$1,636</td><td>$1,678</td><td>-$42</td><td>-3%</td></tr><tr><td>Outside services</td><td>371</td><td>420</td><td>-49</td><td>-12</td></tr><tr><td>Occupancy</td><td>319</td><td>326</td><td>-7</td><td>-2</td></tr><tr><td>Equipment expense</td><td>257</td><td>250</td><td>7</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of software</td><td>146</td><td>145</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Other operating expense</td><td>530</td><td>573</td><td>-43</td><td>-8</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest expense</td><td>$3,259</td><td>$3,392</td><td>-$133</td><td>-4%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>(In Millions)</td></tr><tr><td>2002 net revenue</td><td>$1,095.9</td></tr><tr><td>March 2002 settlement agreement</td><td>-154.0</td></tr><tr><td>Volume/weather</td><td>-7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Asset retirement obligation</td><td>30.1</td></tr><tr><td>Net wholesale revenue</td><td>16.6</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred fuel cost revisions</td><td>10.2</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>7.6</td></tr><tr><td>2003 net revenue</td><td>$998.7</td></tr></table>

Question: In the year with the most equipment expense, what is the growth rate of outside services?
Answer: -0.11667