energy; disruptions or ineffi ciencies in the supply chain; eff ectiveness of restructuring and cost savings initiatives; volatility in the market value of derivatives used to manage price risk for certain commodities; benefi t plan expenses due to changes in plan asset values and discount rates used to determine plan liabilities; failure or breach of our information technology systems; foreign economic conditions, including currency rate fl uctuations; and political unrest in foreign markets and economic uncertainty due to terrorism or war.
You should also consider the risk factors that we identify in Item 1A of our 2015 Form 10-K, which could also aff ect our future results.
We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements to refl ect events or circumstances aft er the date of those statements or to refl ect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates and commodity and equity prices.
Changes in these factors could cause fl uctuations in our earnings and cash fl ows.
In the normal course of business, we actively manage our exposure to these market risks by entering into various hedging transactions, authorized under established policies that place clear controls on these activities.
Th e counterparties in these transactions are generally highly rated institutions.
We establish credit limits for each counterparty.
Our hedging transactions include but are not limited to a variety of derivative fi nancial instruments.
For information on interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity price, and equity instrument risk, please see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 52 of this report.
VALUE AT RISK The estimates in the table below are intended to measure the maximum potential fair value we could lose in one day from adverse changes in market interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices under normal market conditions.
A Monte Carlo value-at-risk (VAR) methodology was used to quantify the market risk for our exposures.
Th e models assumed normal market conditions and used a 95 percent confi - dence level.
Th e VAR calculation used historical interest and foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices from the past year to estimate the potential volatility and correlation of these rates in the future.
Th e market data were drawn from the RiskMetrics?
data set.
Th e calculations are not intended to represent actual losses in fair value that we expect to incur.
Further, since the hedging instrument (the derivative) inversely correlates with the underlying exposure, we would expect that any loss or gain in the fair value of our derivatives would be generally off set by an increase or decrease in the fair value of the underlying exposure.
Th e positions included in the calculations were: debt; investments; interest rate swaps; foreign exchange forwards; commodity swaps, futures and options; and equity instruments.
Th e calculations do not include the underlying foreign exchange and commodities or equity-related positions that are off set by these market-risk-sensitive instruments.
Th e table below presents the estimated maximum potential VAR arising from a one-day loss in fair value for our interest rate, foreign currency, commodity, and equity market-risk-sensitive instruments outstanding as of May 31, 2015, and May 25, 2014, and the average fair value impact during the year ended May 31, 2015.
## Table 0 ##
combination with the Company will present opportunities to enhance the group’s product offering, upgrade its technology and expand its exports to other countries.
The remaining 10% ownership interest in the KAI Group is controlled by a third party.
The 10% interest is subject to redemption provisions that are not solely within the Company’s control and therefore is recorded as a redeemable noncontrolling interest in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheet.
Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the Company (i) acquired approximately 90% of the issued share capital of the KAI Group and (ii) acquired $24 of indebtedness of the KAI Group, in exchange for a net cash payment of $169,540 and debt paid of $25,073.
The Company accounted for the acquisitions of the IVC Group and the KAI Group (the “Acquisitions”) using the acquisition method of accounting, with the Company as the acquirer of the IVC Group and the KAI Group.
The combined consideration transferred of $1,341,050 for the Acquisitions, including debt paid and shares issued, was determined in accordance with the respective share purchase agreements.
The consideration transferred is allocated to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based upon their respective fair values.
XTRATHERM On December 7, 2015, the Company completed its purchase of Xtratherm Limited, an Irish company, and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Xtratherm”), a manufacturer of insulation boards in Ireland, the UK and Belgium.
The total value of the acquisition was $158,851 and the consideration transferred is allocated to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based upon their respective fair values.
The Xtratherm acquisition will expand the Company’s existing insulation board footprint to include Ireland, the UK and Belgium while capitalizing on expanded product offerings in Belgium.
The acquisition’s results and purchase price allocation have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition.
The Xtratherm results are reflected in the Flooring ROW segment.
OTHER ACQUISITIONS During the first quarter of 2015, the Company acquired certain assets of a distribution business in the Flooring ROW segment for $2,822.
During the third quarter of 2015, the Company acquired certain assets of a ceramic business in the Global Ceramic segment for $20,423.
Note 3.
Restructuring, Acquisition and Integration-Related Costs The Company incurs costs in connection with acquiring, integrating and restructuring acquisitions and in connection with its global cost-reduction/ productivity initiatives.
For example: ?
In connection with acquisition activity, the Company typically incurs costs associated with executing the transactions, integrating the acquired operations (which may include expenditures for consulting and the integration of systems and processes), and restructuring the combined company (which may include charges related to employees, assets and activities that will not continue in the combined company); and ?
In connection with the Company’s cost-reduction/productivity initiatives, it typically incurs costs and charges associated with site closings and other facility rationalization actions including accelerated depreciation and workforce reductions.
Restructuring, acquisition transaction and integration-related costs consisted of the following during the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (in thousands):
## Table 1 ##
Table of Contents SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Credit Quality Indicators For each individual client, we establish an internal credit risk rating for that loan, which is used for assessing and monitoring credit risk as well as performance of the loan and the overall portfolio.
Our internal credit risk ratings are also used to summarize the risk of loss due to failure by an individual borrower to repay the loan.
For our internal credit risk ratings, each individual loan is given a risk rating of 1 through 10.
Loans risk rated 1 through 4 are performing loans and translate to an internal rating of “Pass”, with loans risk rated 1 being cash secured.
Loans risk rated 5 through 7 are loans that are performing loans, however, we consider them as demonstrating higher risk which requires more frequent review of the individual exposures; these translate to an internal rating of “Performing (Criticized)”.
A majority of our “performing (criticized)” loans are from our SVB Accelerator practice, serving our emerging or early stage clients.
Loans risk rated 8 and 9 are loans that are considered to be impaired and are on nonaccrual status.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due as to principal or interest payments (unless the principal and interest are well secured and in the process of collection), or when we have determined, based upon most recent available information, that the timely collection of principal or interest is not probable.
(For further description of nonaccrual loans, refer to Note 2—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
”); these loans are deemed “Impaired”.
Loans rated 10 are charged-off and are not included as part of our loan portfolio balance.
We review our credit quality indicators for performance and appropriateness of risk ratings as part of our evaluation process for our allowance for loan losses.
The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivables as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:
## Table 2 ##

<table><tr><td></td><td>Fair Value Impact</td></tr><tr><td>In Millions</td><td>May 31, 2015</td><td>Averageduringfiscal 2015</td><td>May 25, 2014</td></tr><tr><td>Interest rate instruments</td><td>$25.1</td><td>$23.7</td><td>$32.7</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency instruments</td><td>17.9</td><td>8.8</td><td>7.2</td></tr><tr><td>Commodity instruments</td><td>3.7</td><td>3.7</td><td>3.0</td></tr><tr><td>Equity instruments</td><td>1.2</td><td>1.2</td><td>1.1</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of sales</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring costs</td><td>$33,109</td><td>33,582</td><td>35,956</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition integration-related costs</td><td>2,916</td><td>4,722</td><td>9,597</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring and integration-related costs</td><td>$36,025</td><td>38,304</td><td>45,553</td></tr><tr><td>Selling, general and administrative expenses</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring costs</td><td>$3,976</td><td>4,881</td><td>5,779</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition transaction-related costs</td><td>2,751</td><td>—</td><td>9,502</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition integration-related costs</td><td>6,188</td><td>7,438</td><td>13,770</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs</td><td>$12,915</td><td>12,319</td><td>29,051</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> (Dollars in thousands)</td><td> Pass</td><td> Performing (Criticized)</td><td> Impaired</td><td> Total</td></tr><tr><td> December 31, 2011:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial loans:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Software</td><td>$2,290,497</td><td>$226,251</td><td>$1,142</td><td>$2,517,890</td></tr><tr><td>Hardware</td><td>839,230</td><td>117,456</td><td>5,183</td><td>961,869</td></tr><tr><td>Venture capital/private equity</td><td>1,120,373</td><td>8,147</td><td>—</td><td>1,128,520</td></tr><tr><td>Life science</td><td>748,129</td><td>123,973</td><td>311</td><td>872,413</td></tr><tr><td>Premium wine</td><td>434,309</td><td>41,272</td><td>3,212</td><td>478,793</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>353,434</td><td>17,120</td><td>5,353</td><td>375,907</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial loans</td><td>5,785,972</td><td>534,219</td><td>15,201</td><td>6,335,392</td></tr><tr><td>Consumer loans:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Real estate secured loans</td><td>497,060</td><td>18,474</td><td>18,283</td><td>533,817</td></tr><tr><td>Other consumer loans</td><td>151,101</td><td>6,878</td><td>3,133</td><td>161,112</td></tr><tr><td>Total consumer loans</td><td>648,161</td><td>25,352</td><td>21,416</td><td>694,929</td></tr><tr><td>Total gross loans</td><td>$6,434,133</td><td>$559,571</td><td>$36,617</td><td>$7,030,321</td></tr><tr><td>December 31, 2010:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial loans:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Software</td><td>$1,717,309</td><td>$118,518</td><td>$3,292</td><td>$1,839,119</td></tr><tr><td>Hardware</td><td>575,401</td><td>68,320</td><td>3,824</td><td>647,545</td></tr><tr><td>Venture capital/private equity</td><td>1,031,373</td><td>15,323</td><td>—</td><td>1,046,696</td></tr><tr><td>Life science</td><td>520,596</td><td>57,769</td><td>3,412</td><td>581,777</td></tr><tr><td>Premium wine</td><td>400,519</td><td>50,487</td><td>6,162</td><td>457,168</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>415,381</td><td>22,964</td><td>2,177</td><td>440,522</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial loans</td><td>4,660,579</td><td>333,381</td><td>18,867</td><td>5,012,827</td></tr><tr><td>Consumer loans:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Real estate secured loans</td><td>337,087</td><td>3,961</td><td>20,559</td><td>361,607</td></tr><tr><td>Other consumer loans</td><td>181,561</td><td>11,210</td><td>—</td><td>192,771</td></tr><tr><td>Total consumer loans</td><td>518,648</td><td>15,171</td><td>20,559</td><td>554,378</td></tr><tr><td>Total gross loans</td><td>$5,179,227</td><td>$348,552</td><td>$39,426</td><td>$5,567,205</td></tr></table>

Question: Which year is Total consumer loans for Pass on December 31 higher?
Answer: 2011