Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements September 30, 2005 Note 1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies AmerisourceBergen Corporation (the “Company”) is a national pharmaceutical services company providing drug distribution and related healthcare services and solutions to its customers.
The Company also provides pharmaceuticals to long-term care and workers’ compensation patients.
For further information on the Company’s operating segments, see Note 14.
Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries as of the dates and for the fiscal years indicated.
All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.
Actual amounts could differ from these estimated amounts.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts in order to conform to the current-year presentation, principally related to the discontinued operations (see Note 3).
Business Combinations Business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting include the results of operations of the acquired businesses from the dates of acquisition.
Net assets of the companies acquired are recorded at their fair value to the Company at the date of acquisition (see Note 2).
Cash Equivalents The Company classifies highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase as cash equivalents.
Change in Accounting Method Effective October 1, 2004, the Company changed its method of recognizing cash discounts and other related manufacturer incentives.
The Company previously recognized cash discounts as a reduction of cost of goods sold when earned, which was primarily upon payment of vendor invoices.
The Company now records cash discounts as a component of inventory cost and recognizes such discounts as a reduction to cost of goods sold upon the sale of the inventory.
In connection with the Company’s transition to a fee-for-service model, the Company believes the change in accounting method provides a more objectively determinable method of recognizing cash discounts and a better matching of inventory cost to revenue, as inventory turnover rates are expected to continue to improve.
The Company recorded a $10.2 million charge for the cumulative effect of change in accounting (net of tax of $6.3 million) in the consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2005.
The accounting change is incorporated in the Company’s results of operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2005.
The pro forma effect of this accounting change on prior periods is as follows:
## Table 0 ##
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company sells its merchandise inventories to a large number of customers in the healthcare industry, including independent retail pharmacies, chain drugstores, mail order facilities, health systems and other acute-care facilities, and alternate site facilities such as clinics, nursing homes, physicians, and other non-acute care facilities.
The financial condition of the Company’s customers, especially those in the health systems and nursing home sectors, can be affected by changes in government reimbursement policies as well as by other economic pressures in the healthcare industry.
The Company’s trade accounts receivable are exposed to credit risk, but the risk is moderated because the customer base is diverse and geographically widespread.
The Company generally does not require collateral for trade receivables.
The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts.
In determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company considers a combination of factors, such as the aging of trade receivables, industry trends, its customers’ financial strength and credit standing, and payment and default history.
Changes in these factors, among others, may lead to adjustments in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts.
The calculation of the required allowance requires judgment by Company management as to the impact of those and other factors on the ultimate realization of its trade receivables.
Each of the Company’s business units performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains reserves for probable bad debt losses based on historical experience and for specific credit problems when they arise.
The Company writes off balances against the reserves when
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
## Table 1 ##
CORPORATE/OTHER Corporate/Other includes certain unallocated costs of global staff functions (including finance, risk, human resources, legal and compliance), other corporate expenses and unallocated global operations and technology expenses and income taxes, as well as Corporate Treasury, certain North America legacy consumer loan portfolios, other legacy assets and discontinued operations (for additional information on Corporate/Other, see “Citigroup Segments” above).
At December 31, 2018, Corporate/Other had $91 billion in assets, an increase of 17% from the prior year.
## Table 2 ##
2018 vs.  2017 Net income was $107 million in 2018, compared to a net loss of $19.7 billion in the prior year, primarily driven by the $19.8 billion one-time, non-cash charge recorded in the tax line in 2017 due to the impact of Tax Reform.
Results in 2018 included the one-time benefit of $94 million in the tax line, related to Tax Reform.
For additional information, see “Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates—Income Taxes” below.
Excluding the one-time impact of Tax Reform in 2018 and 2017, net income decreased 92%, reflecting lower revenues, partially offset by lower expenses, lower cost of credit and tax benefits related to the reorganization of certain non-U.
S.  subsidiaries.
The tax benefits were largely offset by the release of a foreign currency translation adjustment (CTA) from AOCI to earnings (for additional information on the CTA release, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Revenues decreased 33%, driven by the continued wind-down of legacy assets.
Expenses decreased 40%, primarily driven by the wind-down of legacy assets, lower infrastructure costs and lower legal expenses.
Provisions decreased $27 million to a net benefit of $202 million, primarily due to lower net credit losses, partially offset by a lower net loan loss reserve release.
Net credit losses declined 86% to $21 million, primarily reflecting the impact of ongoing divestiture activity and the continued wind-down of the North America mortgage portfolio.
The net reserve release declined by $96 million to $221 million, and reflected the continued wind-down of the legacy North America mortgage portfolio and divestitures.2017 vs.  2016 The net loss was $19.7 billion, compared to net income of $521 million in the prior year, primarily driven by the one-time impact of Tax Reform.
Excluding the one-time impact of Tax Reform, net income declined 69% to $168 million, reflecting lower revenues, partially offset by lower expenses and lower cost of credit.
Revenues declined 40%, primarily reflecting the continued wind-down of legacy assets and the absence of gains related to debt buybacks in 2016.
Revenues included approximately $750 million in gains on asset sales in the first quarter of 2017, which more than offset a roughly $300 million charge related to the exit of Citi’s U. S.  mortgage servicing operations in the quarter.
Expenses declined 24%, reflecting the wind-down of legacy assets and lower legal expenses, partially offset by approximately $100 million in episodic expenses primarily related to the exit of the U. S.  mortgage servicing operations.
Also included in expenses is an approximately $255 million provision for remediation costs related to a CARD Act matter in 2017.
Provisions decreased $244 million to a net benefit of $175 million, primarily due to lower net credit losses and a lower provision for benefits and claims, partially offset by a lower net loan loss reserve release.
Net credit losses declined 66%, primarily reflecting the impact of ongoing divestiture activity and the continued wind-down of the North America mortgage portfolio.
The decline in the provision for benefits and claims was primarily due to lower insurance activity.
The net reserve release declined $147 million, and reflected the continued wind-down of the legacy North America mortgage portfolio and divestitures.

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> Fiscal year ended September 30, </td></tr><tr><td> <i>(in thousands, except per share data)</i></td><td> 2004 </td><td> 2003 </td></tr><tr><td>Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of change in accounting:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>As reported</td><td>$474,874</td><td>$443,065</td></tr><tr><td>Pro forma</td><td>$472,653</td><td>$433,431</td></tr><tr><td>Net Income:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>As reported</td><td>$468,390</td><td>$441,229</td></tr><tr><td>Pro forma</td><td>$466,169</td><td>$431,595</td></tr><tr><td>Basic earnings per share from continuing operations:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>As reported</td><td>$4.25</td><td>$4.05</td></tr><tr><td>Pro forma</td><td>$4.23</td><td>$3.96</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>As reported</td><td>$4.12</td><td>$3.91</td></tr><tr><td>Pro forma</td><td>$4.10</td><td>$3.83</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31, 2018</td></tr><tr><td>In millions of dollars</td><td>Citigroup parent company</td><td>CGMHI</td><td>Other Citigroup subsidiaries and eliminations</td><td>Consolidating adjustments</td><td>Citigroup consolidated</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations</td><td>$21,314</td><td>$13,287</td><td>$2,351</td><td>$—</td><td>$36,952</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Purchases of investments</td><td>$-7,955</td><td>$-18</td><td>$-179,014</td><td>$—</td><td>$-186,987</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sales of investments</td><td>7,634</td><td>3</td><td>53,854</td><td>—</td><td>61,491</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from maturities of investments</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>118,104</td><td>—</td><td>118,104</td></tr><tr><td>Change in loans</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-29,002</td><td>—</td><td>-29,002</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>4,549</td><td>—</td><td>4,549</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from significant disposals</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>314</td><td>—</td><td>314</td></tr><tr><td>Change in federal funds sold and resales</td><td>—</td><td>-34,018</td><td>-4,188</td><td>—</td><td>-38,206</td></tr><tr><td>Changes in investments and advances—intercompany</td><td>-5,566</td><td>-832</td><td>6,398</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other investing activities</td><td>556</td><td>-59</td><td>-3,878</td><td>—</td><td>-3,381</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations</td><td>$-5,331</td><td>$-34,924</td><td>$-32,863</td><td>$—</td><td>$-73,118</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid</td><td>$-5,020</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$-5,020</td></tr><tr><td>Redemption of preferred stock</td><td>-793</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-793</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury stock acquired</td><td>-14,433</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-14,433</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds (repayments) from issuance of long-term debt, net</td><td>-5,099</td><td>10,278</td><td>-2,656</td><td>—</td><td>2,523</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds (repayments) from issuance of long-term debt—intercompany, net</td><td>—</td><td>10,708</td><td>-10,708</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Change in deposits</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>53,348</td><td>—</td><td>53,348</td></tr><tr><td>Change in federal funds purchased and repos</td><td>—</td><td>23,454</td><td>-1,963</td><td>—</td><td>21,491</td></tr><tr><td>Change in short-term borrowings</td><td>32</td><td>88</td><td>-12,226</td><td>—</td><td>-12,106</td></tr><tr><td>Net change in short-term borrowings and other advances—intercompany</td><td>1,819</td><td>-19,111</td><td>17,292</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Capital contributions from parent</td><td>—</td><td>-798</td><td>798</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other financing activities</td><td>-482</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-482</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of continuing operations</td><td>$-23,976</td><td>$24,619</td><td>$43,885</td><td>$—</td><td>$44,528</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$-773</td><td>$—</td><td>$-773</td></tr><tr><td>Change in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks</td><td>$-7,993</td><td>$2,982</td><td>$12,600</td><td>$—</td><td>$7,589</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks atbeginning of period</td><td>11,013</td><td>12,695</td><td>156,808</td><td>—</td><td>180,516</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at end of period</td><td>$3,020</td><td>$15,677</td><td>$169,408</td><td>$—</td><td>$188,105</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and due from banks</td><td>$20</td><td>$4,234</td><td>$19,391</td><td>$—</td><td>$23,645</td></tr><tr><td>Deposits with banks</td><td>3,000</td><td>11,443</td><td>150,017</td><td>—</td><td>164,460</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at end of period</td><td>$3,020</td><td>$15,677</td><td>$169,408</td><td>$—</td><td>$188,105</td></tr><tr><td>Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information for continuing operations</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid during the year for income taxes</td><td>$-783</td><td>$458</td><td>$4,638</td><td>$—</td><td>$4,313</td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid during the year for interest</td><td>3,854</td><td>8,671</td><td>10,438</td><td>—</td><td>22,963</td></tr><tr><td>Non-cash investing activities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transfers to loans HFS from loans</td><td>$—</td><td>$—</td><td>$4,200</td><td>$—</td><td>$4,200</td></tr><tr><td>Transfers to OREO and other repossessed assets</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>151</td><td>—</td><td>151</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>In millions of dollars</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>% Change2018 vs. 2017</td><td>% Change2017 vs. 2016</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest revenue</td><td>$2,254</td><td>$2,000</td><td>$3,045</td><td>13%</td><td>-34%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-interest revenue</td><td>-171</td><td>1,132</td><td>2,188</td><td>NM</td><td>-48</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenues, net of interest expense</td><td>$2,083</td><td>$3,132</td><td>$5,233</td><td>-33%</td><td>-40%</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating expenses</td><td>$2,272</td><td>$3,814</td><td>$5,042</td><td>-40%</td><td>-24%</td></tr><tr><td>Net credit losses</td><td>$21</td><td>$149</td><td>$435</td><td>-86%</td><td>-66%</td></tr><tr><td>Credit reserve build (release)</td><td>-218</td><td>-317</td><td>-456</td><td>31</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Provision (release) for unfunded lending commitments</td><td>-3</td><td>—</td><td>-8</td><td>—</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for benefits and claims</td><td>-2</td><td>-7</td><td>98</td><td>71</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims</td><td>$-202</td><td>$-175</td><td>$69</td><td>-15</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes</td><td>$13</td><td>$-507</td><td>$122</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes (benefits)</td><td>-113</td><td>19,064</td><td>-455</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss) from continuing operations</td><td>$126</td><td>$-19,571</td><td>$577</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes</td><td>-8</td><td>-111</td><td>-58</td><td>93</td><td>-91</td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests</td><td>$118</td><td>$-19,682</td><td>$519</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Noncontrolling interests</td><td>11</td><td>-6</td><td>-2</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss)</td><td>$107</td><td>$-19,676</td><td>$521</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the percentage change in total operating expenses between 2016 and 2018?