ANALOG DEVICES, INC.  NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following is a schedule of future minimum rental payments required under long-term operating leases at October 30, 2010:
## Table 0 ##
12.
Commitments and Contingencies From time to time in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced against the Company arising from, or related to, contractual matters, patents, trademarks, personal injury, environmental matters, product liability, insurance coverage and personnel and employment disputes.
As to such claims and litigation, the Company can give no assurance that it will prevail.
The Company does not believe that any current legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.13.
Retirement Plans The Company and its subsidiaries have various savings and retirement plans covering substantially all employees.
The Company maintains a defined contribution plan for the benefit of its eligible U. S.  employees.
This plan provides for Company contributions of up to 5% of each participant’s total eligible compensation.
In addition, the Company contributes an amount equal to each participant’s pre-tax contribution, if any, up to a maximum of 3% of each participant’s total eligible compensation.
The total expense related to the defined contribution plan for U. S.  employees was $20.5 million in fiscal 2010, $21.5 million in fiscal 2009 and $22.6 million in fiscal 2008.
The Company also has various defined benefit pension and other retirement plans for certain non-U.
S.  employees that are consistent with local statutory requirements and practices.
The total expense related to the various defined benefit pension and other retirement plans for certain non-U.
S.  employees was $11.7 million in fiscal 2010, $10.9 million in fiscal 2009 and $13.9 million in fiscal 2008.
During fiscal 2009, the measurement date of the plan’s funded status was changed from September 30 to the Company’s fiscal year end.
Non-U.
S.  Plan Disclosures The Company’s funding policy for its foreign defined benefit pension plans is consistent with the local requirements of each country.
The plans’ assets consist primarily of U. S.  and non-U.
S.  equity securities, bonds, property and cash.
The benefit obligations and related assets under these plans have been measured at October 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009.
Oil and Gas Operations (Unaudited) Aggregate results of continuing operations, in connection with the Company’s crude oil and natural gas producing activities, for each of the years are shown below.
## Table 1 ##
and interest costs)
## Table 2 ##
and interest costs)
## Table 3 ##
(1) Production costs consist of oil and gas operations expense, production and ad valorem taxes, plus general and administrative expense supporting the Company’s oil and gas operations.
Noble Energy, Inc.  Index to Financial Statements Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 130 Prior to March 17, 2011, the 2005 Plan also provided for the awarding to a non-employee director of up to a maximum of 4,800 shares of restricted stock on the date of election to the Board of Directors, annual awards of 1,200 shares of restricted stock per non-employee director on February 1 of each year, and discretionary awards by the Board of Directors (with the February 1 annual and the discretionary awards made to a non-employee director during any calendar year being limited to a combined maximum of 4,800 shares of restricted stock).
The 2005 Plan was amended so that no automatic grants of restricted stock awards would be made under the 2005 Plan on or after March 17, 2011.
Discretionary grants by the Board of Directors continue to be permitted under the 2005 Plan (with the grants made to a non-employee director during any calendar year limited to a maximum of 9,600).
Restricted stock is restricted for a period of at least one year from the date of award.1988 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors The 1988 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan for NonEmployee Directors of Noble Energy, Inc. , as amended, (the 1988 Plan) provided for the issuance of stock options to our nonemployee directors.
Options issued under the 1988 Plan may be exercised one year after grant and expire 10 years from the grant date.
The 1988 Plan provided for the granting of a fixed number of stock options to each non-employee director annually (20,000 stock options for the first calendar year of service and 10,000 stock options for each year thereafter) on February 1 of each year.
The 1988 Plan was terminated in 2005, and no additional options can be granted thereunder.
Stock Option Grants The fair value of each stock option granted was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-ScholesMerton option valuation model that used the assumptions described below: ?
Expected term The expected term represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, which is the grant date to the date of expected exercise or other expected settlement for options granted.
The hypothetical midpoint scenario we use considers our actual exercise and post-vesting cancellation history and expectations for future periods, which assumes that all vested, outstanding options are settled halfway between the current date and their expiration date.  ?
Expected volatility The expected volatility represents the extent to which our stock price is expected to fluctuate between the grant date and the expected term of the award.
We use the historical volatility of our common stock for a period equal to the expected term of the option prior to the date of grant.
We believe that historical volatility produces an estimate that is representative of our expectations about the future volatility of our common stock over the expected term.  ?
Risk-free rate The risk-free rate is the implied yield available on US Treasury securities with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option.
We base our risk-free rate on a weighting of five and seven year US Treasury securities as of the date of grant.  ?
Dividend yield The dividend yield represents the value of our stock’s annualized dividend as compared to our stock’s average price for the three-year period ended prior to the date of grant.
It is calculated by dividing one full year of our expected dividends by our average stock price over the three-year period ended prior to the date of grant.
The assumptions used in valuing stock options granted were as follows:

<table><tr><td>Fiscal Years</td><td>Operating   Leases</td></tr><tr><td>2011</td><td>$21,871</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>12,322</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>9,078</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>6,381</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>5,422</td></tr><tr><td>Later Years</td><td>30,655</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$85,729</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> (in thousands)</td><td rowspan="2"> United  States</td><td rowspan="2"> Equatorial  Guinea</td><td> </td><td rowspan="2"> North  Sea</td><td rowspan="2">Other Int’l</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> December 31, 2004</td><td> Israel</td><td> Total</td></tr><tr><td>Revenues</td><td>$781,766</td><td>$143,069</td><td>$48,855</td><td>$115,181</td><td>$85,328</td><td>$1,174,199</td></tr><tr><td>Production costs -1</td><td>125,018</td><td>23,936</td><td>7,366</td><td>11,104</td><td>21,526</td><td> 188,950</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td><td>10,480</td><td>8,073</td><td> 18,553</td></tr><tr><td>E&P corporate</td><td>15,599</td><td>299</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>-77</td><td> 15,822</td></tr><tr><td>Exploration expenses</td><td>73,971</td><td>7,214</td><td>598</td><td>11,115</td><td>2,810</td><td> 95,708</td></tr><tr><td>DD&A and valuation provision</td><td>259,365</td><td>14,674</td><td>9,549</td><td>18,215</td><td>20,729</td><td> 322,532</td></tr><tr><td>Impairment of operating assets</td><td>9,885</td><td> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 9,885</td></tr><tr><td>Accretion expense</td><td>8,021</td><td>6</td><td>163</td><td>1,140</td><td>22</td><td> 9,352</td></tr><tr><td>Income</td><td>289,907</td><td>96,940</td><td>31,179</td><td>63,126</td><td>32,245</td><td> 513,397</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense</td><td>106,603</td><td>49,044</td><td>9,896</td><td>28,542</td><td>13,860</td><td> 207,945</td></tr><tr><td>Result of continuing operations from producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and interest costs)</td><td>$183,304</td><td>$47,896</td><td>$21,283</td><td>$34,584</td><td>$18,385</td><td>$305,452</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Revenues</td><td>$605,367</td><td>$68,644</td><td></td><td>$$100,558</td><td>$64,575</td><td>$839,144</td></tr><tr><td>Production costs -1</td><td>112,725</td><td>16,319</td><td></td><td>10,662</td><td>18,538</td><td> 158,244</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9,024</td><td>5,655</td><td> 14,679</td></tr><tr><td>E&P corporate</td><td>15,884</td><td>603</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1,866</td><td> 18,358</td></tr><tr><td>Exploration expenses</td><td>71,802</td><td>134</td><td>6,925</td><td>9,239</td><td>28,011</td><td> 116,111</td></tr><tr><td>DD&A and valuation provision</td><td>278,426</td><td>6,101</td><td>910</td><td>29,405</td><td>23,795</td><td> 338,637</td></tr><tr><td>Impairment of operating assets</td><td>31,937</td><td> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 31,937</td></tr><tr><td>Accretion expense</td><td>8,449</td><td></td><td></td><td>882</td><td></td><td> 9,331</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss)</td><td>86,144</td><td>45,487</td><td>-7,840</td><td>41,346</td><td>-13,290</td><td> 151,847</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense (benefit)</td><td>17,795</td><td>21,770</td><td>-4,121</td><td>19,586</td><td>9,479</td><td> 64,509</td></tr><tr><td>Result of continuing operations from producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and interest costs)</td><td>$68,349</td><td>$23,717</td><td>$-3,719</td><td>$21,760</td><td>$-22,769</td><td>$87,338</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Revenues</td><td>$444,121</td><td>$45,830</td><td></td><td>$$91,538</td><td>$27,537</td><td>$609,026</td></tr><tr><td>Production costs -1</td><td>86,342</td><td>6,795</td><td></td><td>10,813</td><td>5,180</td><td> 109,130</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9,618</td><td>6,823</td><td> 16,441</td></tr><tr><td>E&P corporate</td><td>27,768</td><td>2,045</td><td>10</td><td>630</td><td>1,090</td><td> 31,543</td></tr><tr><td>Exploration expenses</td><td>102,323</td><td>1,341</td><td>1,725</td><td>5,032</td><td>20,733</td><td> 131,154</td></tr><tr><td>DD&A and valuation provision</td><td>209,905</td><td>5,835</td><td>909</td><td>28,350</td><td>9,606</td><td> 254,605</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss)</td><td>17,783</td><td>29,814</td><td>-2,644</td><td>37,095</td><td>-15,895</td><td> 66,153</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense</td><td>6,559</td><td>13,825</td><td></td><td>16,360</td><td>666</td><td> 37,410</td></tr><tr><td>Result of continuing operations from producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and interest costs)</td><td>$11,224</td><td>$15,989</td><td>$-2,644</td><td>$20,735</td><td>$-16,561</td><td>$28,743</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the total expense related to contribution plans from 2008 to 2010