Item 2.
PROPERTIES.
We conduct our primary operations at the owned and leased facilities described below.
## Table 0 ##
We believe that our administrative office space is adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future.
We also believe that our research and development facilities and our manufacturing facility, together with third party manufacturing facilities, will be adequate for our on-going activities.
In addition to the locations above, we also lease space in other U. S.  locations and in foreign countries to support our operations as a global organization.
As of December 31, 2015, we also leased approximately 254,000 square feet in Cheshire, Connecticut, which was the previous location of our corporate headquarters and executive, sales, research and development offices.
In December 2015, we entered into an early termination of this lease and will occupy this space through May 2016.
In April 2014, we purchased a fill/finish facility in Athlone, Ireland.
Following refurbishment of the facility, and after successful completion of the appropriate validation processes and regulatory approvals, the facility will become our first company-owned fill/finish and packaging facility for our commercial and clinical products.
In May 2015, we announced plans to construct a new biologics manufacturing facility on our existing property in Dublin Ireland, which is expected to be completed by 2020.
Item 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
In May 2015, we received a subpoena in connection with an investigation by the Enforcement Division of the SEC requesting information related to our grant-making activities and compliance with the FCPA in various countries.
The SEC also seeks information related to Alexion’s recalls of specific lots of Soliris and related securities disclosures.
In addition, in October 2015, Alexion received a request from the DOJ for the voluntary production of documents and other information pertaining to Alexion's compliance with the FCPA.
Alexion is cooperating with these investigations.
At this time, Alexion is unable to predict the duration, scope or outcome of these investigations.
Given the ongoing nature of these investigations, management does not currently believe a loss related to these matters is probable or that the potential magnitude of such loss or range of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated.
Item 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) In determining the pro forma disclosures in the previous table, the fair value of options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assumptions appropriate to each plan.
The BlackScholes model was developed to estimate the fair value of traded options, which have different characteristics than employee stock options, and changes to the subjective assumptions used in the model can result in materially different fair value estimates.
The weighted average grant date fair values of the options granted during 2005, 2004 and 2003 were based on the assumptions below.
See Note 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
## Table 1 ##
Compensation expense under the fair value-based method is recognized over the vesting period of the related stock options.
Accordingly, the pro forma results of applying SFAS 123 in 2005, 2004 and 2003 may not be indicative of future amounts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, and amounts due from correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve Bank are included in Cash and Cash Equivalents.
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest.
The Corporation’s policy is to obtain the use of Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell.
The market value of the underlying securities, which collateralize the related receivable on agreements to resell, is monitored, including accrued interest.
The Corporation may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged, when appropriate.
Collateral The Corporation has accepted collateral that it is permitted by contract or custom to sell or repledge.
At December 31, 2005, the fair value of this collateral was approximately $179.1 billion of which $112.5 billion was sold or repledged.
At December 31, 2004, the fair value of this collateral was approximately $152.5 billion of which $117.5 billion was sold or repledged.
The primary source of this collateral is reverse repurchase agreements.
The Corporation pledges securities as collateral in transactions that consist of repurchase agreements, public and trust deposits, Treasury tax and loan notes, and other short-term borrowings.
This collateral can be sold or repledged by the counterparties to the transactions.
In addition, the Corporation obtains collateral in connection with its derivative activities.
Required collateral levels vary depending on the credit risk rating and the type of counterparty.
Generally, the Corporation accepts collateral in the form of cash, U. S.  Treasury securities and other marketable securities.
Based on provisions contained in legal netting agreements, the Corporation has netted cash collateral against the applicable derivative mark-to-market exposures.
Accordingly, the Corporation offsets its obligation to return or its right to reclaim cash collateral against the fair value of the derivatives being collateralized.
Trading Instruments Financial instruments utilized in trading activities are stated at fair value.
Fair value is generally based on quoted market prices.
If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated based on dealer quotes, pricing models or quoted prices for instruments with similar characteristics.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in Trading Account Profits.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, taking into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Corporation to settle positive and negative positions
At December 31, 2009, the unpaid principal balance of pay option loans was $17.0 billion, with a carrying amount of $13.4 billion, including $12.5 billion of loans that were impaired upon acquisition.
The total unpaid principal balance of pay option loans with accumulated negative amortization was $15.2 billion and accumulated negative amortization from the original loan balance was $1.0 billion.
The percentage of borrowers electing to make only the minimum payment on option ARMs was 65 percent at December 31, 2009.
We continue to evaluate our exposure to payment resets on the acquired negatively amortizing loans and have taken into consideration several assumptions regarding this evaluation (e. g. , prepayment rates).
We also continue to evaluate the potential for resets on the Countrywide purchased impaired pay option portfolio.
Based on our expectations, 21 percent, eight percent and two percent of the pay option loan portfolio is expected to reset in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively.
Approximately three percent are expected to reset thereafter, and approximately 66 percent are expected to repay prior to being reset.
We manage these purchased impaired portfolios, including consideration for the home retention programs to modify troubled mortgages, consistent with our other consumer real estate practices.
Credit Card – Domestic The consumer domestic credit card portfolio is managed in Global Card Services.
Outstandings in the held domestic credit card loan portfolio decreased $14.7 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to lower originations and transactional volume, the conversion of certain credit card loans into held-to-maturity debt securities and charge-offs partially offset by lower payment rates and new draws on previously securitized accounts.
For more information on this conversion, see Note 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net charge-offs increased $2.4 billion in 2009 to $6.5 billion reflecting the weak economy including elevated unemployment underemployment and higher bankruptcies.
However, held domestic loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest decreased $668 million from December 31, 2008 driven by improvement in the last three quarters of 2009.
Due to the decline in outstandings, the percentage of balances 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased to 7.90 percent from 7.13 percent at December 31, 2008.
Managed domestic credit card outstandings decreased $24.5 billion to $129.6 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to lower originations and transactional volume and credit losses partially offset by lower payment rates.
The $6.9 billion increase in managed net losses to $17.0 billion was driven by the same factors as described in the held discussion above.
Managed loans that were 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest decreased $856 million to $9.9 billion compared to $10.7 billion at December 31, 2008.
Similar to the held discussion above, the percentage of balances 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased to 7.61 percent from 6.96 percent at December 31, 2008 due to the decline in outstandings.
Managed consumer credit card unused lines of credit for domestic credit card totaled $438.5 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to $713.0 billion at December 31, 2008.
The $274.5 billion decrease was driven primarily by account management initiatives on higher risk customers in higher risk states and inactive accounts.
The table below presents asset quality indicators by certain state concentrations for the managed credit card – domestic portfolio.
## Table 2 ##
Credit Card – Foreign The consumer foreign credit card portfolio is managed in Global Card Services.
Outstandings in the held foreign credit card loan portfolio increased $4.5 billion to $21.7 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the strengthening of certain foreign currencies, particularly the British pound against the U. S.  dollar.
Net charge-offs for the held foreign portfolio increased $688 million to $1.2 billion in 2009, or 6.30 percent of total average held credit card – foreign loans compared to 3.34 percent in 2008.
The increase was driven primarily by weak economic conditions and higher unemployment also being experienced in Europe and Canada, including a higher level of bankruptcies/insolvencies.
Managed foreign credit card outstandings increased $3.1 billion to $31.2 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the strengthening of certain foreign currencies, partic ularly the British pound against the U. S.  dollar.
Managed consumer foreign loans that were accruing past due 90 days or more increased to $799 million, or 2.56 percent, compared to $717 million, or 2.55 percent, at December 31, 2008.
The dollar increase was primarily due to the strengthening of foreign currencies, especially the British pound against the U. S.  dollar, further exacerbated by continuing weakness in the European and Canadian economies.
Net losses for the managed foreign portfolio increased $895 million to $2.2 billion for 2009, or 7.43 percent of total average managed credit card – foreign loans compared to 4.17 percent in 2008.
The increase in managed net losses was driven by the same factors as described in the held discussion above.
Managed consumer credit card unused lines of credit for foreign credit card totaled $69.0 billion at December 31, 2009 compared to $80.6 billion at December 31, 2008.
The $11.6 billion decrease was driven primarily by account management initiatives mainly on inactive accounts.
unconsolidated CDOs totaled $421 million and $358 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Investment VIEs The Corporation sponsors, invests in or provides financing, which may be in connection with the sale of assets, to a variety of investment VIEs that hold loans, real estate, debt securities or other financial instruments and are designed to provide the desired investment profile to investors or the Corporation.
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Corporation’s consolidated investment VIEs had total assets of $270 million and $249 million.
The Corporation also held investments in unconsolidated VIEs with total assets of $37.7 billion and $20.3 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure associated with both consolidated and unconsolidated investment VIEs totaled $7.2 billion and $5.7 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017 comprised primarily of on-balance sheet assets less non-recourse liabilities.
Leveraged Lease Trusts The Corporation’s net investment in consolidated leveraged lease trusts totaled $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The trusts hold long-lived equipment such as rail cars, power generation and distribution equipment, and commercial aircraft.
The Corporation structures the trusts and holds a significant residual interest.
The net investment represents the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to the trusts in the unlikely event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless.
Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is non-recourse to the Corporation.
Tax Credit VIEs The Corporation holds investments in unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar entities that construct, own and operate affordable housing, wind and solar projects.
An unrelated third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the VIE.
The Corporation earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects.
The maximum loss exposure included in the Other VIEs table was $17.0 billion and $13.8 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The Corporation’s risk of loss is generally mitigated by policies requiring that the project qualify for the expected tax credits prior to making its investment.
The Corporation’s investments in affordable housing partnerships, which are reported in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $8.9 billion and $8.0 billion, including unfunded commitments to provide capital contributions of $3.8 billion and $3.1 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The unfunded commitments are expected to be paid over the next five years.
During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Corporation recognized tax credits and other tax benefits from investments in affordable housing partnerships of $981 million, $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion and reported pretax losses in other income of $798 million, $766 million and $789 million, respectively.
Tax credits are recognized as part of the Corporation’s annual effective tax rate used to determine tax expense in a given quarter.
Accordingly, the portion of a year’s expected tax benefits recognized in any given quarter may differ from 25 percent.
The Corporation may from time to time be asked to invest additional amounts to support a troubled affordable housing project.
Such additional investments have not been and are not expected to be significant.
NOTE 8 Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The table below presents goodwill balances by reporting unit and All Other at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The reporting units utilized for goodwill impairment testing are the operating segments or one level below.

<table><tr><td>Location</td><td>Operations Conducted</td><td>ApproximateSquare Feet</td><td>LeaseExpirationDates</td></tr><tr><td>New Haven, Connecticut</td><td>Corporate headquarters and executive, sales, research and development offices</td><td>514,000</td><td>2030</td></tr><tr><td>Dublin, Ireland</td><td>Global supply chain, distribution, and administration offices</td><td>215,000</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Lexington, Massachusetts</td><td>Research and development offices</td><td>81,000</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Bogart, Georgia</td><td>Commercial, research and development manufacturing</td><td>70,000</td><td>2024</td></tr><tr><td>Smithfield, Rhode Island</td><td>Commercial, research and development manufacturing</td><td>67,000</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Zurich, Switzerland</td><td>Regional executive and sales offices</td><td>69,000</td><td>2025</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> Shareholder Approved Plans </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2005</td><td>2004</td><td>2003 </td></tr><tr><td>Risk-free Interest Rate</td><td>3.94%</td><td>3.36%</td><td>3.82%</td></tr><tr><td>Dividend Yield</td><td>4.60%</td><td>4.56%</td><td>4.40%</td></tr><tr><td>Volatility</td><td>20.53%</td><td>22.12%</td><td>26.57%</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Lives (Years)</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4"> December 31</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" Year Ended December 31  Net Losses></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> Outstandings</td><td colspan="2"> Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td> 2009</td><td>2008</td><td> 2009</td><td>2008</td><td> 2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>California</td><td>$20,048</td><td>$24,191</td><td>$1,097</td><td>$997</td><td>$3,558</td><td>$1,916</td></tr><tr><td>Florida</td><td>10,858</td><td>13,210</td><td>676</td><td>642</td><td>2,178</td><td>1,223</td></tr><tr><td>Texas</td><td>8,653</td><td>10,262</td><td>345</td><td>293</td><td>960</td><td>634</td></tr><tr><td>New York</td><td>7,839</td><td>9,368</td><td>295</td><td>263</td><td>855</td><td>531</td></tr><tr><td>New Jersey</td><td>5,168</td><td>6,113</td><td>189</td><td>172</td><td>559</td><td>316</td></tr><tr><td>Other U.S.</td><td>77,076</td><td>91,007</td><td>2,806</td><td>2,666</td><td>8,852</td><td>5,434</td></tr><tr><td> Total credit card – domestic loan portfolio</td><td>$129,642</td><td>$154,151</td><td>$5,408</td><td>$5,033</td><td>$16,962</td><td>$10,054</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the difference between the greatest Outstandings in 2009 and 2008? (in million)