Table:
type of work
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017a
2018b

current $billions

all r&d
267.9
406.6
433.6
454
475.4
493.7
515.6
547.9
580

basic research
42
76
73.4
78.6
82.1
83.5
88.6
91.5
96.5

applied research
56.5
79.2
87
88.2
91.8
97.2
104.8
108.8
115

experimental development
169.4
251.4
273.3
287.1
301.5
312.9
322.2
347.6
368.5

constant 2012 $billions

all r&d
343.2
423
433.6
446.1
458.7
471.4
487.4
508.3
525.3

basic research
53.8
79.1
73.4
77.2
79.3
79.8
83.8
84.8
87.4

applied research
72.4
82.4
87
86.7
88.6
92.9
99.1
100.9
104.1

experimental development
217
261.6
273.3
282.2
290.9
298.8
304.5
322.5
333.8

percent distribution

all r&d
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

basic research
15.7
18.7
16.9
17.3
17.3
16.9
17.2
16.7
16.6

applied research
21.1
19.5
20.1
19.4
19.3
19.7
20.3
19.9
19.8

experimental development
63.2
61.8
63
63.3
63.4
63.4
62.5
63.4
63.5

Statement: in 2017, applied research activities accounted for $108.8 billion of total u.s. r&d expenditures.
Question: in 2017, how many billion dollars did applied research activities account for of total u.s. r&d expenditures?
Answer: [108.8]