Table:
characteristic
urban core population distribution
pm2.5 exposure

total
toronto
not toronto

total
total
toronto
not toronto
mean
s.d
mean
s.d
mean
s.d

total
100.0
100.0
21.0
79.0
8.03
4.90
9.33
3.56
7.68
4.91

visible minority or aboriginal status

white
75.3
100.0
14.9
85.1
7.89
5.05
9.43
3.55
7.63
5.03

aboriginal
2.3
100.0
4.2
95.8
7.00
4.74
9.59
3.43
6.89
4.63

visible minority
22.4
100.0
43.3
56.7
8.58
4.10
9.21
3.55
8.09
4.16

south asian
5.6
100.0
54.4
45.6
8.46
4.14
8.95
3.87
7.87
4.05

chinese
5.4
100.0
40.4
59.6
8.48
3.75
9.26
3.06
7.95
3.69

black
3.4
100.0
45.6
54.4
8.89
4.18
9.36
3.56
8.49
4.44

filipino
1.8
100.0
41.8
58.2
8.37
4.17
9.32
3.36
7.68
4.00

latin american
1.3
100.0
33.1
66.9
8.95
4.19
9.69
3.24
8.59
4.36

arab
1.2
100.0
20.1
79.9
8.87
4.05
9.29
3.57
8.77
4.13

other asian
2.7
100.0
36.5
63.5
8.47
4.30
9.41
3.40
7.92
4.28

multiple visible minority
0.6
100.0
45.4
54.6
8.46
4.24
9.13
3.66
7.91
4.27

other visible minority
0.3
100.0
66.3
33.7
8.83
4.22
9.17
3.81
8.18
4.57

immigration status

not immigrant
73.5
100.0
14.3
85.7
7.81
5.02
9.30
3.69
7.56
5.00

immigrant
26.5
100.0
39.5
60.5
8.63
4.26
9.36
3.41
8.15
4.41

household income

less than 30,000
17.6
100.0
18.4
81.6
8.37
4.79
9.74
2.77
8.06
4.87

30,000 to 50,000
17.9
100.0
18.5
81.5
8.21
4.89
9.55
3.15
7.90
4.94

50,000 to 90,000
30.9
100.0
19.5
80.5
7.96
4.95
9.29
3.62
7.63
4.94

more than 90,000
33.7
100.0
25.0
75.0
7.82
4.87
9.11
3.82
7.38
4.79

low-income status

low income
13.5
100.0
23.6
76.4
8.52
4.57
9.64
3.00
8.17
4.68

not low income
85.8
100.0
20.7
79.3
7.96
4.96
9.27
3.65
7.61
4.96

Statement: mean toronto urban core pm2.5 exposure surpassed the mean for urban cores outside toronto.
Question: which one has a higher mean pm2.5 exposure, the toronto urban core or urban cores outside toronto?
Answer: toronto