Table:
individual and place of residence characteristics
sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin and groups of people

analysis method - ordered logistic regression

local community
city
province
canada
country of origin
people of same ethnicity or culture
people with same mother tongue

odds ratios

census metropolitan area

montreal
0.99
1.44
0.85
0.92
1.31
1.14
1.06

toronto
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

vancouver
1.29
1.40
1.08
0.92
0.91
0.87
0.85

type of municipality

central
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

peripheral 1st ring
0.86
0.64
0.89
0.76
0.87
1.17
1.06

peripheral 2nd ring
0.85
0.52
0.99
0.90
1.29
1.21
1.17

demographic weight of immigrant population in neighbourhood

less than 50%
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

50% to less than 70%
0.90
0.94
0.86
0.97
0.93
1.14
1.02

70% or greater
0.81
0.91
0.83
1.09
1.06
1.25
1.27

period of immigration and generation

recent immigrant
1.21
1.07
1.28
0.86
1.92
1.33
1.21

established immigrant
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

second generation
1.14
1.02
0.89
0.93
..
1.55
1.60

Statement: residents of 1st ring peripheral municipalities tend to report a weaker attachment to their town or city than their counterparts in central municipalities.
Question: which groups of residents show stronger sense of belonging to their town or city, residents of central municipalites or residents of 1st ring peripheral municipalites?
Answer: central