C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Ibyitonderwa mu gihe cyo kubaka girinihawuzi ; Ibyitonderwa mu gihe cyo kubaka girinihawuzi ni ibi bikurikira : Kuba uburyo girinihawuzi yubatsemo bwemerera igihingwa gukura neza : urumuri ruhagije , ingano ya girinihawuzi ( uburebure n' ubugari ) yemerera ibihingwa gukura byisanzuye , ibikoresho byubakishije girinihawuzi bigomba kubakwa ku buryo bitabangamira urumuri ku bihingwa . Gucunga ikirere cyo muri girinihawuzi : ibigize girinihawuzi nk' amadirishya , utuyunguruzo , ibyuma bishyushya , imashini zinjiza zikanasohora imyuka n' ibindi bigomba kubakwa bishingiye ku miterere y' ikirere . Uburyo bwo koroshya imirimo yo muri girinihawuzi : ubuhagarike n' ibikoresho byubatse girinihawuzi bigomba kuba bitabangamira abakoreramo kugira ngo byoroshye imirimo ikorerwamo . Igiciro no kuboneka kw' ibikoresho ku buryo bworoshye : Ubusanzwe girinihawuzi irahenda niyo mpamvu ibikoresho bisanzwe , byoroheje , bihendutse kandi biboneka mu gace girinihawuzi izubakwamo ari byo bigomba kwitabwaho mukugena uko girinihawuzi izaba iteye . Ubukomere bw' inyubako : girinihawuzi igomba kuba ikomeye ku buryo buhagije kugira ngo ibashe kwihanganira ihindagurika ry' ikirere . Urugero : imvura n' umuyaga mwinshi . Ibikoresho bitaremereye ariko bikomeye ni byo bigomba kubaka girinihawuzi , ubuhaname bw' igisenge n' ikigereranyo cy' uburebure n' ubugari bw' inyubako bigomba kuba bitabangamira kwinjira k' urumuri . Ingano ya girinihawuzi : ishobora kugira ubuso kuva kuri m2 100 kugera kuri 500 cyangwa zirenze bitewe nicyo ugamije kugeraho . Ubuhagarike bwa girinihawuzi upimiye hagati bugomba kuba byibura bugera kuri m 3 . 5 . Iyo girinihawuzi irengeje ubuso bwa m2 500 , ni ngombwa ko igira ubuhagarike bwa m 5 - 7 ndetse ikanagira umwanya wo guhumekeramo hejuru kugira ngo babashe kugenzura ubushyuhe .
Ibyitonderwa mu guhitamo ibikoresho bigize isakaro rya girinihawuzi ; Mu guhitamo ibikoresho bigize isakaro rya girinihawuzi , ni ngombwa kwita kuri ibi bikurikira : Ingano y' urumuri rwinjira muri girinihawuzi : isakaro igomba kuba yemera ko hinjiramo urumuri rwinshi ariko ntiruherane cyangwa ngo irusubize aho rwaturutse . Ubushyuhe : nibyiza guhitamo ibikoresho by' isakaro bidatanga ubushyuhe bukabije muri girinihawuzi bityo bikaba byatuma ugabanya amafaranga yatangwa mu bikoresho byo kugabanya ubushyuhe . Uburambe : ugomba guhitamo ibikoresho byiza nibura byemerera urumuri kwinjira ku kigero cya 85 na 95 % ; igihe isakaro rimara rikibasha gutanga icyo kigero cy' urumuri biterwa n' ubwoko bw' ibikoresho biyigize , ikirere n' umubyimba w' isakaro . Iyo isakaro rimaze gusaza , urumuri rwinjira ruragabanuka rukagera kuri 60 % bikagabanya ingano n' ubwiza bw' umusaruro ku bihingwa byinshi . Kurinda ibitonyanga biturutse kw' isakaro : isakaro rigomba kuba ririnda ijojoba ry' ibitonyanga muri girinihawuzi ; ibyo bijojoba bikomoka ku mazi aba yatakajwe n' ibihingwa ( transpiration ) cyangwa ayakoreshejwe mu kuvomerera ( evaporation ) . Ibyo bijojoba ntibigomba gutonyanga ku bihingwa kuko bizana uburwayi ahubwo bigomba gushokera ku mpande z' isakaro . Gufatira ivumbi : isakaro ntirigomba na rimwe gufatira ivumbi kuko bigabanya urumuri rwinjira muri girinihawuzi . G Gusohora imyuka ihumanya : isakaro ntirigomba kuba risohora imyuka ihumanya .
Ubushyuhe ; Gukurikirana no gucunga ikirere cyo muri girinihawuzi : Ubushyuhe . Ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bipimo by' ingenzi bigira uruhare ku muvuduko wo gukura kw' ibihingwa ndetse n' umusaruro . Hamwe mu hagaragarira akamaro k' ubushyuhe ku bihingwa ni igihe cy' ibangurira ry' ururabo rutanga imbuto , aho igipimo cy' ubushyuhe kigena ibangurira ndetse n' umusaruro uzariturukaho . Muri girinihawuzi , igipimo cy' ubushyuhe kiba kiri kuri 17 kugera kuri 27oC mu gihe hanze yayo kiba ari 12 kugera kuri 22oC . Igipimo cy' ubushyuhe gikenewe mu gukura kw' ibihingwa ntikigomba kurenga 35 - 40oC , igipimo cy' ubushyuhe mu butaka ntikigomba kujya munsi ya 15oC . Ninjoro impuzandengo y' igipimo cy' ubushyuhe igomba kuba iri hagati ya 15 - 18 . 5oC ku bihingwa nk' inyanya , puwavuro , kokombure na Meloni . Kugira ngo ibyo bipimo by' ubushyuhe bimenyekane ibyuma bibipima ( Terimometere ) bigomba gushyirwa muri girinihawuzi . Uburyo bwo kongera ubushyuhe muri girinihawuzi : Ahantu hambere haturuka ubushyuhe ni ku rumuri rw' izuba . Nyamara izuba ntiriva amasaha yose uko ari 24 agize umunsi ; kandi izuba ntiriva kimwe mu masaha yose y' umunsi . Mu gihe izuba ryinjira muri girinihawuzi ryabaye rike , hagomba gukoreshwa ibicanwa byabugenewe kugira ngo hashyuhe ( aha twavuga nk' amakara , gaze n' ibindi ) . Ibi bicanwa byifashishwa hacanirwa nk' amazi noneho umwuka wayo ushyushye ukoherezwa muri girinihawuzi hifashishijwe amatiyo yabugenewe . Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe muri girinihawuzi : Mu gihe hashyushye bikabije , ubushyuhe bugabanywa hifashishijwe ibi bikurikira : G Utuyunguruzo dutwikira girinihawuzi , G Gusiga irange cyane cyane ryera ( urugero : ishwagara , ingwa ) ku bikoresho bigize isakaro rya girinihawuzi , G Kwinjiza no gusohora umwuka hifashishijwe uburyo bwabugenewe harimo kuzinga ishashi yo kuruhande hagasigara akayunguruzo umwuka usohokeramo cyangwa kwifashisha vantirateri .
Gukurikirana ubuhehe bwo muri girinihawuzi ; Ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi buturuka ku guhumeka kw' ibihingwa ndetse n' umwuka uva mu butaka cyangwa mu mazi yafuherewe muri girinihawuzi . Igipimo cy' ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi kigena gukura kw' ibihingwa n' ubwiza bw' umusaruro , ubukana bw' indwara ndetse n' ibyonnyi ku bihingwa . Igipimo cy' ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi kigomba kuba kiri hagati ya 60 - 70 % . Iyo igipimo cy' ubuhehere kiri hasi , ubwiza bw' indabo n' amababi y' imboga buragabanuka . Iyo igipimo kiri munsi ya 20 % ibihingwa biraraba ; naho iyo kirenze 80 % indwara ziterwa n' uduhumyo ziriyongera . Hariho ibikoresho byinshi byabugenewe bikoreshwa mu gupima ubuhehere . Uburyo bwo kongera ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi : Ubuherere bwo muri girinihawuzi bushobora kongerwa hifashishijwe ubu buryo bukurikira : Gusuka amazi hasi muri girinihawuzi : aha ngaha umuntu akoresha arozwari , itiyo cyangwa umupira akayasuka mu nzira bagendamo kugira ngo bagerageze kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry' indwara . Gufuhera amazi ( Misting ) : ibi bikorwa kuri za girinihawuzi nini kandi zubatse ku buryo bwa kijyambere hifashishijwe udutiyo dutanga amazi ameze nk' igihu mu kirere cya girinihawuzi . Gufuhera amazi byongera ubuhehere kandi bikagabanya ubushyuhe ku buryo bwihuse . Gupfuka girinihawuzi : umanura amashashi ndetse ugafunga ahandi hose kugira ngo ubuze umwuka kwinjira no gusohoka . Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi : Ubuherere bwo muri girinihawuzi bushobora kugabanwa hifashishijwe ubu buryo bukurikira : Kugabanya ingano y' amazi akoreshwa buhira , G Gusasiza amashashe ya pulastike , Kurekura umwuka ukinjira muri girinihawuzi ufungura amashashe yo ku mpande , G Kongera igipimo cy' ubushyuhe muri girinihawuzi ( gushyushya muri girinihawuzi ) , G Gukoresha isakaro rirwanya kubudika muri girinihawuzi , Kuvana ubuhehere muri girinihawuzi hifashishijwe imashini zabugenewe cyangwa kuhashyira ibishogoshogo by' umuceri .
Gukurikirana Urumuri bwo muri girinihawuzi ; Hari amoko menshi y' imirasire iva ku zuba . Umuhinzi agomba kugura isakaro ryemerera imirasire ikoreshwa n' igihingwa kwinjira muri girinihawuzi ku kigero cyo hejuru . Uko wakongera ingano y' urumuri muri girinihawuzi Uburyo bwifashishwa mu kongera urumuri muri girinihawuzi ni ubu bukurikira : Koza cyangwa guhanagura isakaro mu gihe ryanduye ; Gukoresha isakaro risakaza urumuri hose ; Gukoresha amatara yabugenewe atanga urumuri muri girinihawuzi ; Uko wagabanya ingano y' urumuri muri girinihawuzi Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe muri girinihawuzi ni nabwo bukoreshwa mu kugabanya ingano y' urumuri rwinjira muri girinihawuzi . Aha hakoreshwa udutimba , gukoresha ibizana igicucu kw' isakaro , gusiga ingwa cyangwa irange .
Gukurikirana Umwuka wa gaze karubonike ( CO2 ) muri girinihawuzi ; Umwuka wa gaze karubonike ni ngombwa ku mikurire y' ibihingwa kuko niwo igihingwa cyifashisha gikora ibigitunga . Umwuka wa gaze karubonike ( CO2 ) ubarwa hakoreshejwe igipimo cyitwa ppm . Mu mwuka wo mu kirere haba harimo gaze karubonike ingana na ppm 300 , iyi iba ihagije ku bihingwa bihinze hanze . Nyamara muri girinihawuzi , hakenerwa byibuze ppm 700 - 900 kubera ko haba harimo ibihngwa byinshi kandi hafunganye ndetse n' umwuka uva hanze ntubashe kwinjiramo no gutemberamo mu buryo buhagije . Ibi bituma gaze karubonike ikoreshwa n' ibihingwa muri girinihawuzi igabanuka cyane ndetse ikajya munsi ya ppm 300 . Niyo mpamvu , umwuka wa gaze karubonike uba ugomba kongerwa muri girinihawuzi ; ibi bishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bukurikira : Gushyira muri girinihawuzi ibintu byongera umwuka wa gaze karubonike , Gucaniramo amakara mu mbabura ( ibi byongera ubushyuye binongera n' umwuka wa gaze karubonike ) . Umuhinzi agomba kubyitondera kuko bishobora guteza impanuka yo kubabuka kw' ibihingwa ndetse na girinihawuzi ikaba yashya , Gushyiramo ibirundo by' ifumbire y' imborera ikaboreramo , Kwegereza girinihawuzi inzu yororewemo amatungo ( inkwavu , ihene , … ) , Gukora ubuhinzi bukomatanije bw' ibihumyo n' ibindi bihingwa muri girinihawuzi , Kuzamura ishashe yo ku ruhande kugira ngo hinjire umwuka uvuye hanze akenshi biba bihagije kugira ngo ingano ikenewe ya gaze karibonike ibe yinjiye muri girinihawuzi .
Igenamigambi ry' ibikorwa by' ubuhinzi bwa puwavuro mu gihe cy' igihembwe cy' ihinga cya Girinihawuzi , uhereye ukwezi kwa mbere kugeza ku kwezi kwa cyenda . Ibikorwa by' ingenzi bikubiye muri iyi gahunda ni ibi bikurikira : Gushaka imbuto , inyongeramusaruro n' ibikoresho bikenewe bikorwa mu cyumweru cya mbere cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Kwinaza bikorwa mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Kwita ku ngemwe mu buhumbikiro bikorwa hagati y' icyumweru cya kabiri n' icya kane cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Gutegura aho guterera bikorwa mu byumweru bibiri bya nyuma by' ukwezi kwa kabiri . Gutera imbuto bikorwa mu cyumweru cya kane cy' ukwezi kwa kabiri . Kuvomera bikorwa kuva mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa gatatu kugeza mu kwezi kwa gatanu . Gushyiraho ifumbire mvaruganda bikorwa mu cyumweru cya gatatu cy' ukwezi kwa gatatu . Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi bikorwa hagati y' ukwezi kwa gatatu n' ukwezi kwa kane . Kubagara no kumenera bikorwa hagati y' ukwezi kwa gatatu n' ukwezi kwa kane . Gukuraho ibisambo n' andi mashami bikorwa guhera ku cyumweru cya kane cy' ukwezi kwa gatatu kugeza mu kwa kane . Kuyobora amashami ku migozi / guhebera bikorwa guhera ku cyumweru cya kane cy' ukwezi kwa gatatu kugeza mu kwa kane . Kubangurira kuva urubaro rwaje bikorwa guhera mu cyumweru cya kane cy' ukwezi kwa kane kugeza mu kwa cyenda . Gukuraho urubuto rwa mbere bikorwa mu cyumweru cya gatatu n' icya kane cy' ukwezi kwa gatanu . Gusarura bikorwa guhera ku cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa gatanu kugeza mu kwa cyenda . Gushaka isoko ry' umusaruro bikorwa uhereye ku cyumweru cya mbere cy' ukwezi kwa mbere kugeza mu kwa cyenda .
INGENGABIHE Y ' UBUHINZI BW ' INYANYA MURI GIRINIHAWUZI ( Urugero : Dominque , Monteazul RZ F1 , Nowara RZ F1 , MREMBO F1 ) Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragaza igenamigambi ry' ibikorwa by' ubuhinzi bw' inyanya mu gihe cy' igihembwe cy' ihinga cya Girinihawuzi , ku bwoko butandukanye nka Dominque , Monteazul RZ F1 , Nowara RZ F1 , na Mrembo F1 . Iyi gahunda yateguwe kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere kugeza mu kwa cumi nakumwe ( 1 – 11 ) . Ibikorwa by' ingenzi bikubiye muri iyi gahunda ni ibi bikurikira : Gushaka imbuto , inyongeramusaruro n' ibikoresho bikenewe bikorwa mu cyumweru cya mbere cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Kwinaza bikorwa mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Kwita ku ngemwe mu buhumbikiro bikorwa hagati y' icyumweru cya kabiri n' icya kane cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Gutegura aho guterera bikorwa mu cyumweru cya gatatu n' icya kane cy' ukwezi kwa mbere . Gutera imbuto bikorwa mu cyumweru cya gatatu cy' ukwezi kwa kabiri . Kuvomera bikorwa guhera mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa kabiri kugeza mu kwezi kwa cumi n' imwe . Gushyiraho ifumbire mvaruganda bikorwa guhera mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa kabiri kugeza mu kwa cumi n' imwe . Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi bikorwa mu gihe kimwe n' ifumbire . Kubagara no kumenera ( igihe ari ngombwa ) bikorwa kuva mu cyumweru cya kabiri cy' ukwezi kwa kabiri kugeza mu kwa cumi na kumwe ; Gukuraho ibisambo n' andi mashami bikorwa guhera icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera kugeza mu kwa cumi na kumwe . Kuyobora amashami ku migozi / guhebera bikorwa mu buryo buhoraho kuva icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera . Kubangurira ( kunyeganyeza imitambiko ifataho inyanya ) kugira ngo intanga ngabo zihure n' intanga ngore bikorwa guhera iminsi 30 nyuma yo gutera kugeza mu kwa cumi na kumwe . Gukuraho amababi ku ruti munsi y' ihundo ry' imbuto bikorwa mu cyumweru cya kane cy' ukwezi kwa gatandatu . Gusarura bikorwa kuva mu cyumweru cya gatatu cy' ukwezi kwa karindwi kugeza mu kwa cumi na kumwe . Gushaka isoko ry' umusaruro ni igikorwa gitangira kare kuva mu cyumweru cya mbere cy' ukwezi kwa mbere kikagumaho kugeza mu mpera z' igihe cy' ihinga . Iyi gahunda ifasha abahinzi gutegura neza ubuhinzi bw' inyanya kugira ngo bagere ku musaruro mwinshi kandi uboneye , uhereye ku gutegura imbuto kugeza ku isoko .
GUTEGURA INGEMWE MU BUHUMBIKIRO : Ibyiza byo gutegurira ingemwe mu buryo bugezweho : Gutegura ingemwe z' imboga mu buryo bugezweho hifashishijwe ibikoresho byabugenewe byitwa tereyi ni byiza cyane ugereranije n' uburyo abahinzi basanzwe bakoresha bategurira ingemwe ku mitabo . Ibyiza by' ubu buryo bugezweho ni ibi bikurikira : Ingemwe zitegurwa ari nyinshi ahantu hato , Birinda kwangirika kw' ingemwe gushobora guterwa n' udusimba , indwara , imvura nyinshi , izuba ryinshi , Bituma hakoreshwa abakozi bake mu kuvomerera , no kurwanya ibyonnyi n' indwara , Bikorerwa ku buso buto mu gihe umurima uzaterwamo uba urimo kubyazwa umusaruro , Birinda imbuto kwangirika , bityo hagakoreshwa umurama muke , Ingemwe zikurira mu buzima bwiza , bityo bigatanga ikizere ko zizatanga umusaruro , Bitanga ingemwe nziza kandi ziri mu kigero kimwe , Bituma ibihingwa bikura bidasigana mu murima .
Gushaka imbuto zo gutera muri girinihawuzi . Umuhinzi ukora ubuhinzi bwo muri girinihawuzi agomba guhitamo imbuto zitanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza . Umuhinzi agomba kugurira imbuto ahantu hizewe hacururizwa inyongeramusaruro kugira ngo abe yizeye ko iyo mbuto yujuje ubuziranenge bwose busabwa . Ni byiza ko umuhinzi yirinda gukoresha imbuto yiteguriye kuko bigabanya umusaruro cyane . Umuhinzi kandi agomba kugenzura ko imbuto zitararenza igihe cyagenwe cyo gukoreshwa .
Gutegura tereyi yo guteramo umwayi muri girinihawuzi . Hari amoko menshi ya tereyi bitewe n' ingano n' umubare w' utwobo zifite . Kumenya ingano y' akobo ka tereyi ni ingenzi kuko bigufasha kumenya ingano y' ubutaka cyangwa ibindi biterwamo bitari ubutaka n' ubushobozi ifite bwo kubika amazi . Ingemwe zahumbitswe mu twobo tunini ziba ndende kandi zikagira ireme ugereranije n' iziba zakuriye mu twobo duto . Mbere yo gukoresha tereyi , umuhinzi agomba kuzisukura azinika mu muti wabugenewe nka kereworine ( cleoline ) kugira ngo niba hari ubukoko buziriho bupfe . Uyu muti ukoreshwa ufunguye ku kigero ml 10 zawo na L 1 y' amazi . Hashobora gukoreshwa n' undi muti witwa Jik .
Gutegura ubutaka cyangwa ibindi biterwamo bitari ubutaka muri girinihawuzi ; Mu guhitamo ubutaka cyangwa ibindi bitari ubutaka bihumbikwamo utubuto hitabwa kuri ibi bikurikira : Ubushobozi bifite bwo gufata amazi n' ibitunga igihingwa , Kuba bifite ubuhumekero ku buryo umwuka winjiramo cyangwa ugasohoka mo neza , Ubutaka bugomba kuba butunganye ku buryo nta ndwara , udukoko , cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima byakwangiza urubuto . Hariho amako menshi y' ibindi biterwamo bitari ubutaka . Aho twavuga nka pitimosi ( peatmoss ) , cocopiti ( cocopeat ) , n' ibindi . Iyo hakoreshejwe pitimosi ( peat moss ) , umuhinzi yita kuri ibi bikurikira : Mbere yo gushyira pitimosi muri tereyi , banza uyiminjagireho amazi make kuburyo ibobera . Yishyire muri tereyi kuburyo utwobo twayo twuzura . Hakoreshwa garama 700 kuri tereyi imwe ifite utwumba 66 .
Kwinaza no kwita ku ngemwe muri girinihawuzi bikorwa bitya ; Urubuto ruterwa ku bujyakuzimu bureshya byibura n' inshuro ebyiri z' umuby imba wazo ( inyanya , urusenda , kokombure ) . Kubera ko umuhinzi aba atizeye kumera kw' imbuto ku kigero cy' ijana ku ijana , mu gihe cyo guhumbika ni byiza kurenzaho 10 % by' imbuto ikenewe guterwa muri girinihawuzi . Iyo kwinaza birangiye tereyi zibanza kuhirwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bw' udutiyo tumisha amazi mu buryo bumeze nk' imvura ( microsprinkler ) ; mu gihe ubwo buryo butabonetse ushobora guhyiraho amazi aringaniye ukoresheje ipombo cyangwa agacupa wapfumuje mu munwa urushinge ruto . Nyuma y' aho , tereyi zitwikirwa n' ishashe kugira ngo hazemo agashyuhe ndetse n' ububobere bugumemo ; ariko zishyirwa ahantu hatagera izuba kugi ra ngo ritangiza imbuto . Imbuto zikimara kumera , umuhinzi ahita akuraho ishashi ndetse akimura te reyi anazishyira ahantu hagera urumuri ruhagije kugira ngo ingemwe zikure neza . Ingemwe zivomererwa hakoresheje igikoresho kizana amazi ameze nk' igihu ; kuvomerera bikorwa neza kugira ngo ingemwe zikure neza kandi ku rugero rungana . Kuhiza amazi menshi arenze akenewe ni bibi kuko bitera indwara z' amababi n' imizi y' ingemwe . Iyo bibaye ngombwa , haterwa imiti irwanya indwara ( Mancozeb , Manco zeb + Metalaxyl : garama 2 . 5 / litiro y' amazi ) n' irwanya ibyonnyi ( Lambda - Cy halothrin : 1 ml / 1l y' amazi ) kugira ngo ubyirinde cyangwa ubirwanye . Mu bu humbikiro bwa kijyambere ni ngombwa gukoresha imitego yabugenewe y' amabara kugira ngo ifate udusimba . Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi abiri ( nka nyuma y' iminsi 10 - 18 zitewe ) , ni ngombwa gutangira gushyiraho ifumbire ya NPK 19 - 19 - 19 . Iyi fumbire iko reshwa bavanga garama 1 na litiro 0 . 5 y' amazi , iyi mvange igakoreshwa kuri tereyi 1 . Iyi fumbire mvaruganda ikomeza gushyirwaho buri munsi kugeza ku munsi ubanziriza uwo gutera .
Ukuni ko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa mu buhumbikiro ku bihingwa by' inyanya na puwavuro , hashingiwe ku buhumbikiro bugezwaho . Ku byerekeye inyanya na puwavuro : Umubare w' imbuto ukeneye ni 825 , aho 750 ari imbuto zisanzwe hakiyongeraho 75 z' inyongera ( 750 + 75 = 825 ) . Tereyi zikenewe ni 13 . Pitimosi ikenewe ni 9 kg . Iminsi zimera : inyanya zimera nyuma y' iminsi 4 , naho puwavuro zimera nyuma y' iminsi 6 . Igihe cyo gutangira gushyiriramo ifumbire ( NPK 19 - 19 - 19 ) ni iminsi 10 ku nyanya , naho ku puwavuro ni iminsi 18 nyuma yo guterwa . Ingano y' ifumbire ya buri munsi ni 13g kuri tereyi ku bihingwa byombi . Iminsi bimara mu buhumbikiro nyuma yo kwinaza ni 21 ku nyanya , na 35 ku puwavuro . Tereyi imwe iba ifite utwumba 66 , ijyamo pitimosi ingana na kg 0 . 7 ; Umubare ukenewe ku nyanya na puwavuro ushingiye ku mbuto zizatera girinihawuzi ya m 8 x m 30 . Iyo girinihawuzi ifite imitabo ifite uburebure bwa m 29 , imirongo ibiri kuri buri mutabo , naho intera iri hagati y' ibihingwa ni cm40 . Ibi bifasha abahinzi kumenya neza ibikoresho bikenewe , igihe n' uburyo bwo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda mu buhumbikiro kugira ngo bagire ingemwe nziza kandi ziteguye guhingwa mu murima .
Gutera ibihingwa muri girinihawuzi : Mu gutera ingemwe umuhinzi ahitamo izifite umubyimba munini , zikomeye kandi zigaragara ko zifite ubuzima bwiza kuko nizo zikura vuba , zikihanganira ibyonnyi n' indwara kandi zigatanga umusaruro mwiza . Mbere yo gutera , babanza kuvomerera ibihoho kugira ngo itaka ribobere . Gutera bikorwa mu gihe hari amafu ( hatari izuba ryinshi ) . Ingemwe zo guterwa zikurwa muri tereyi , buri rugemwe rugaterwa mu gihoho n' ubwitonzi ku buryo itaka rifashe ku mizi riyigumaho ntirwangirike . Nyuma yo gutera , ni ngombwa kuvomerera n' amazi agereranije .
Kuvomerera muri girinihawuzi bikorwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira ; Uburyo bwo kuhira hakoreshejwe igitonyanga kuri buri gihingwa ( drip irrigation ) nibwo buryo bwiza cyane muri girinihawuzi . Ubu buryo bw' igitonyanga ku gihingwa butuma amazi n' ifumbire bikoreshwa neza ndetse bigakumira indwara nyinshi ziterwa n' ubuhehere bw' amababi bukunze kubaho iyo hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo kuvomerera . Ubu buryo bw' igitonyanga ku gihingwa kandi butuma ibihingwa byose bibona amazi ku rugero rungana bityo bigakura bidasigana . Ubu buryo bugabanya kandi imibyizi ikoreshwa mu kuvomerera no gutera ifumbire . Kuvomerera bikorwa inshuro eshatu buri munsi ( saa mbiri , saa sita na saa cyenda mu gihe kingana n' iminota mirongo itatu ) . Inyanya : Ingano y' amazi akoreshwa ku munsi ni meterokibe ( m3 ) 0 . 75 - 1 . 5 bitewe naho igihingwa kigeze gikura ndetse n' ikirere . Kuvomerera bikorwa kuva inyanya zigiterwa kugeza zihunduye ( nk' iminsi 300 ) . Puwavuro : Ingano y' amazi akoreshwa ku munsi ni meterokibe ( m3 ) 1 - 1 . 5 bitewe naho igihingwa kigeze gikura ndetse n' ikirere . Kuvomerera bikorwa kuva puwavuro zigiterwa kugeza zihunduye ( nk' iminsi 250 ) .
Ingengabihe y' uko amafumbire mvaruganda akoreshwa mu buhinzi bw' inyanya muri girinihawuzi hashingiwe kunama za Holland Greentech Rwanda Ltd . Uko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa ku gihingwa cy' inyanya mu girinihawuzi kuva gitewe kugeza gishaje , hakurikijwe amoko atandukanye y' ifumbire : DAP ( 18 : 46 : 0 ) ishyirwa ku gihingwa igihe cyo gutera , aho gihabwa 10g buri kimwe , bigatanga 7 . 2kg kuri girinihawuzi yose . Ifumbire ikenerwa yose ni 7 . 2kg . CAN ( 26 : 0 : 6 ) itangwa ibyumweru 3 nyuma yo gutera , nayo igashyirwa 10g kuri buri gihingwa , bikaba 7 . 2kg kuri girinihawuzi yose , ingano yose ikenewe nayo ni 7 . 2kg . NPK 17 - 17 - 17 itangwa bwa mbere ibyumweru 5 nyuma yo gutera ( 10g ku gihingwa , 7 . 2kg kuri girinihawuzi ) . Iyi ifumbire ikomeza guhabwa buri kwezi uhereye ku cyumweru cya 10 nyuma yo gutera , inshuro 7 zinyuranye , aho buri nshuro hakoreshwa 20g ku gihingwa , bigatanga 14 . 4kg kuri girinihawuzi imwe inshuro imwe . Muri rusange , ingano yose ikenerwa ni 7 . 2kg + ( 14 . 4kg × 7 ) = 108kg . Polyfeed Standard ( 19 - 19 - 19 ) itangwa icyumweru 1 nyuma yo gutera , hanyuma igakomeza gutangwa buri cyumweru kugeza imbuto zije ( inshuro 6 ) . Ikoreshwa mu gukoramo umuti uvangwa : kg 1 ya polyfeed ivangwa na litilo 1000 z' amazi , bikaba byifashishwa inshuro 6 , bivuze ko hakenerwa 6kg z' ifumbire . Multi NPK ( 13 - 0 - 46 ) itangwa kuva imbuto zije ( icyumweru cya 8 ) kugeza igihe igihingwa kigiye gusaza ( inshuro 32 ) . Na yo ikoreshwa mu buryo bw' umuti : kg 1 ya multi NPK ivangwa na litilo 1000 , bikaba byifashishwa inshuro 32 , bivuze ko hakenerwa 32kg z' ifumbire . Icyitonderwa : * Aya makuru aboneka muri iyi mbonerahamwe ashingiye kunama za Holland Greentech Rwanda Ltd ; * * Izi fumbire ( Polyfeed standard na Multi NPK ) zinyuzwa mu mazi zigakoreshwa bavomerera butonyanga .
Gufumbira puwavuro muri girinihawuzi , Uburyo bukoreshwa muri girinihawuzi zahawe abagenerwabikorwa ba SAIP . Uko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa ku gihingwa mu girinihawuzi kuva gitewe kugeza gishaje , hashingiwe ku bipimo biri muri iyo mbonerahamwe : DAP ( 18 : 46 : 0 ) itangwa igihe cyo gutera , buri gihingwa kigahabwa 10g , bigahwanye na 7 . 2kg kuri girinihawuzi yose . Ingano yose ikenerwa ni 7 . 2kg . CAN ( 26 : 0 : 6 ) itangwa ibyumweru 3 nyuma yo gutera , buri gihingwa nabwo kigahabwa 10g , ni ukuvuga 7 . 2kg ku girinihawuzi yose . Ingano yose ikenerwa ni 7 . 2kg . NPK 17 - 17 - 17 itangwa bwa mbere ibyumweru 5 nyuma yo gutera ku gipimo cya 10g ku gihingwa ( bikaba 7 . 2kg kuri girinihawuzi ) , hanyuma igakomeza gutangwa buri kwezi uhereye ku cyumweru cya 10 nyuma yo gutera inshuro 5 , kuri buri nshuro igahabwa 20g ku gihingwa , ni ukuvuga 14 . 4kg kuri girinihawuzi imwe inshuro imwe . Ingano yose ikenerwa ni 7 . 2kg + ( 14 . 4kg × 5 ) = 79 . 2kg . Polyfeed Standard ( 19 - 19 - 19 ) itangwa icyumweru 1 nyuma yo gutera ndetse ikanakomeza gutangwa buri cyumweru kugeza imbuto zije , inshuro 8 zose . Ikoreshwa mu gukoramo umuti ukoreshwa mu gusuka cyangwa gutera : kg 1 ya polyfeed ivangwa na litilo 1000 z' amazi buri nshuro , bityo hakenerwa 8kg z' ifumbire yose . Multi NPK ( 13 - 0 - 46 ) itangwa kuva imbuto zaje ( icyumweru cya 10 ) kugeza igihingwa kigiye gusaza , inshuro 18 zose . Na yo ikoreshwa nk' umuti : kg 1 ya Multi NPK ivangwa na litilo 1000 z' amazi buri nshuro , hakenerwa 18kg z' ifumbire yose .