C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Gushingirira no kwicira ibihingwa muri girinihawuzi ; Gukonorera cyangwa kwicira ni ugukura ibisambo ku ruti rw' igihingwa . Ibisambo bicuranwa n' igihingwa urumuri , amazi n' intungagihingwa kandi biba bitazera imbuto . Gukonorera igihingwa hakoreshwa icyuma kandi babanje gukorera isuku hakoreshejwe imiti yabugenewe . Kwicira bifasha gusigaza imbuto zingana n' ubushobozi amashami ziriho ashoboye kwikorera no kurera bityo ibishobora gukatwa ni amashami , amababi , indabo ndetse n' imbuto mu gihe cy' ihinga cyose . Batangira bavanaho amashami yangiritse cyangwa apfuye . Amababi ashaje akurwaho kugira ngo bitume urumuri rwinjira neza kandi rugera ku mbuto ndetse bikongera n' umwuka ugera mu mashami n' amababi by' igihingwa . 1 . Gushingirira no kwicira inyanya ; Uburyo bukoreshwa ni ukuyobora uruti rumwe ku mugozi , amashami yose agakurwaho . Ibyo bituma inyanya zigira uruti rukomeye kandi rushishe ruzazana amashami meza . Bigabanya kandi indwara n' ibyonnyi kandi imbuto zigashya vuba kandi ku buryo bumwe . Hakoreshwa imigozi yabugenwe ituruka hasi ku runyanya hakoreshejwe agakoresho kabugenewe ( clip ) igafatishwa hejuru ku nsinga zambukiranya girinihawuzi . Uko urunyanya rugenda rukura , umuntu akomeza kuruzengurutsaho umugozi kugira ngo rukomeze ruyoborwe hejuru . Igice cy' uruti kimaze gusarurwaho kivanwaho amababi ndetse kikitswa cyigizwa hasi . Ibisambo bimera ku ruti bikurwaho buri gihe . Iyo byibura urunyanya rumwe mu ziri ku ihundo rwatangiye guhisha , amababi yose abanziriza iryo hundo akurwaho . 2 . Gushingirira no kwicira puwavuro ; Uburyo bukoreshwa muri Horticulture Center of Excellence ni ukuyobora uruti rumwe ruriho amashami hagati ya 2 na 3 ku migozi andi yose agakurwaho . Hakoreshwa imigozi yabugenwe ituruka hasi kuri puwavuro hakoreshejwe agakoresho kabugenewe kitwa kilipusi ( clips ) igafatishwa hejuru ku nsinga zambukiranya girinihawuzi zifatiye ku gisenge . Uko puwavuro igenda ikura ayo mashami akomeza kuyoborwa azengurutswaho imigozi kugira ngo ijye hejuru . Akabuto ka mbere kakigaragara gahita gakurwaho kuko iyo kagumyeho bituma igihingwa cya puwavuro kigwingira ndetse ntigishamike neza .
Kubangurira ni ingenzi ku bihingwa kuko aribyo bituma ururabo ruvamo urubuto . Ku bih ingwa biteye mu murima , ibangurirwa rikorwa n' umuyaga ndetse n' inzuki n' utundi dukoko bityo si ikibazo nko ku bihingwa biteye muri girinihawuzi . Muri girinihawuzi rero ho umuhinzi agomba kunyeganyeza igihingwa kugira ngo indabo zibangurirane cyangwa agashyiramo ibyuma bitigisa ibihingwa ndetse na za horumone .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi muri girinihawuzi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira . 1 . Kugenzura ibyonnyi ; Muri girinihawuzi hashyirwamo imitego ifite ibara ry' umuhondo iriho ubujeni ( ibintu bifatira ) kugira ngo ifate ubukoko bw' ubuhunduguru n' isazi y' umweru . Imitego y' ubururu iriho ubujeni yifashishwa mu gufata tiripusi . Imitego irekura impumuro yihariye ( Pheromone ) , urugero nka Delta trap yo ikoreshwa mu gufata urunyo rw' inyanya n' utundi dukoko . 2 . Uburyo bwo kurwanya ibyonnyi ; Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyonnyi buvuzwe hejuru bunafasha mu kugabanya ubwinshi bw' ibyo byonnyi ; bityo rero nabwo ni ingenzi cyane mu kubirwanya . Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mu kurwanya ibyonnyi muri girinihazuwi ni ubu bukurikira : Gutoragura udukoko n' intoki : Hifashishwa uturindantoki mu gutoragura udukoko hanyuma tugashyirwa mu ndobo irimo amazi avanze n' isabune cyangwa ukaduhonyora . Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku dukoko tunini nk' ibinyabwoya .
1 . Isazi y' umweru ( white fly ) Isazi y' umweru ikwirakwiza za virusi zigaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye ku bihingwa . Urugero : kwituna kw' amababi . Amababi yafashwe n' utu dukoko agaragaza ibidomo byinshi ndetse akazaho ibintu bimeze nk' ubujeni butwikijwe n' ifu y' umukara . Uko ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera ku gihingwa , amababi arituna . Uburyo bwo kuyikumira no kubirwanya ; Gutegurira ingemwe mu buhumbikira butwikirije bituma iki cyonnyi kitahagera ( urugero : agatimba , ishashe yabugenewe ) . Gukoresha imitego y' umuhondo iriho ubujeni : ibara ry' umuhondo rikurura iyi sazi igafatwa n' ubujeni . Kubagara no kuvana ibyatsi bibi muri girinihawuzi mbere na nyuma yo gutera kuko bishobora kuba ubwihisho bw' iki cyonnyi . Ni byiza gukoresha imiti ikomoka ku binyabuzima ( biopesticide ) , urugero : umushongi wa neem , ivu cyangwa amazi arimo isabune . Mu gihe ubundi buryo bwavuzwe bunaniranye , haterwa imiti nka : * Abamectin 18 EC : ml 6 - 10 muri L 20 , PHI : 14 ; * Abamectin 20 EC : ml 20 - 30 , PHI :
2 . Ubuhunduguru / Inda ( Aphids ) Ubuhunduguru buza ari agatsiko ku bice by' ibihingwa byorohereye nk' amababi mato n' ibishibu by' uruti . Bushyira ururenda rufatira nk' ubuki ku gihingwa . Uru rurenda rubangamira uburyo igihingwa kishakira ibigitunga bituruka ku rumuri rw' izuba . Ubuhunduguru bukwirakwiza ama virusi ku bihingwa mu gihe buri kunyunyuza ibibutunga biva muri icyo gihingwa . Uburyo bwo kuyikumira no kubirwanya ; Guhora ukora igenzura mu bihingwa biri muri girinihawuzi . Gukoresha inshuti z' abahinzi mu kurwanya utu dusimba . Igihe bibaye ngombwa , haterwa umuti ku bihingwa bigaragaraho utu dusimba . Ni byiza gukoresha imiti ikomoka ku binyabuzima ( biopesticide ) , urugero : umushongi wa neem , ivu cyangwa amazi arimo isabune . Mu gihe ubundi buryo bwavuzwe bunaniranye , haterwa imiti nka : * Abamectin 18 EC : ml 6 - 10 muri L 20 , PHI : 14 ; * Abamectin 20 EC : ml 20 - 30 , PHI : 14 ; * Alpha - cypermethrin 10 % EC : ml 15 - 20 , PHI :
Indwara ya Tiripusi ( Thrips ) mu nyanya muri girinihawuzi ; Tiripusi zangiza cyane igihingwa zitobagura cyane cyane amababi n' imbuto kugira ngo zikuremo ibizitunga . Imbuto zigaragaza amaga naho amababi ahindura ishusho ndetse akafatwa na virusi . Igenzura rihoraho mu bihingwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubu bukoko bumenyekane hakiri kare ( ushobora kwifashisha imitego y' ibara ry' ubururu ) . Gutera imiti ikomoka ku binyabuzima nka tungurusumu , neem , ibireti cyangwa imvange ya tungurusumu n' urusenda bifasha . Mu gihe ubundi buryo bunaniranye , haterwa imiti nka : Abamectin 18 EC : ml 6 – 10 muri L 20 ( PHI : 14 ) , Abamectin 20 EC : ml 20 – 30 ( PHI : 14 ) , cyangwa ; Azadiractin 0 . 03 % EC : ml 100 – 140 ( PHI : 3 ) .
Udutagangurirwa ( Red spider mite ) Ibitagangurirwa bitera amagi arenze 500 mu buzima bwabyo . Iyo bibaye byinshi ku gihingwa , amababi arangirika ndetse agahunguka . Imbuto zisa nabi ku ruhu kubera utu dusimba twirunzeho ari twinshi . Ibyatsi bibi n' ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa byafashwe n' udutagangurirwa nibyo bituma twikwirakwiza , bityo isuku mu murima ni ingenzi mu kurwanya utu dukoko . Gukoresha imiti nk' iyavuzwe haruguru nabyo birafasha .
Indwara y' imvura ( Kababu ) – Late blight ; Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo gafata ibice byose by' igihingwa . Ikwirakwira vuba kandi ishobora kwangiza igihingwa mu gihe gito . Ibimenyetso bigaragara munsi y' amababi nk' uruhumbu rutose rusa n' ivu ryijimye , naho hejuru y' amababi hasa nk' ahababutse . Ikara cyane mu gihe cy' ubukonje n' ubuhehere bwinshi . Kuyirinda bisaba Gukora isimburanyabihingwa rikwiye , gusasira inyanya ukoresheje ishashe yabugenewe , kuzishingira no gukuraho ibisambo byose bifasha . Gutera imiti irwanya uduhumyo nka * Mancozeb + Metalaxyl : g 2 . 5 muri L 1 y' amazi cyangwa * Copper oxychloride 50 % WP : g 50 – 70 muri L 20 ( PHI : 14 ) . Guhira igihingwa igihe gikeneye amazi gusa no kukiha ayo gikeneye birafasha kwirinda iyi ndwara .
Urunyo ( Tuta absoluta ) Akanyugunyugu gatera uru runyo kororoka vuba . Kihisha mu mababi ku manywa , nijoro kakajya gutera amagi ku bihingwa . Kamara hagati y' iminsi 30 – 35 kakabona gupfa , ariko kabasha gutera amagi 260 mu buzima bwako . Urunyo rwangiza amababi bigatuma adakora neza ibitunga igihingwa ndetse rwinjira mu mbuto rukazangiza . Kuyirinda ni Kuvanaho ibyatsi gashobora kwihishamo no gukuraho ibyo kororokeramo birafasha . Imbuto zafashwe n' urunyo zigomba kujugunywa kure cyangwa zigatwikwa . Gukoresha imitego ya Delta pheromone trap birafasha . Hakoreshwa imiti yinjira mu gihingwa kandi igahinduranywa , urugero : * Spinosad 12 % EC : ml 15 – 20 .
Milidiyu y' ifu ( Powdery mildew ) Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo gafata cyane cyane amababi , kakakwirakwizwa n' umuyaga , abantu , cyangwa tiripusi . Ibimenyetso birangwa n' ifu y' umweru ujya kuba umuhondo , bikunda kugaragara hagati ku kibabi . Munsi y' ikibabi hagaragara ibidomo by' umuhondo cyangwa umweru . Kuyirinda ni uKwirinda gusimburanya inyanya n' ibindi bihingwa biri mu muryango umwe bifasha mu kuyirinda . Gukoresha umuti urimo sufure nka * Sulfur 80 % WP : g 50 cyangwa undi muti urwanya uduhumyo , ugaterwa ku buryo ugera ku mababi yose , ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kuyirwanya .
Indwara y' ibidomo ku mababi ( Early blight ) Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo , ikagaragarira ku bidomo bisa n' ikigina biri mo inziga ku mababi , ku ruti no ku mbuto aho inkondo ifatiye . Akenshi yibasira ahantu hashyushye kandi hari ubuhehere buke . Uburyo bwo kuyirinda burimo : gusimburanya inyanya n' ibindi bihingwa bitari mu muryango umwe , gukoresha imbuto nziza yizewe , kwirinda ko girinihawuzi irekamo amazi cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuhira , gukora isuku ihagije muri girinihawuzi no gukuramo ibisigazwa by' inyanya nyuma yo gusarura . Gushingirira inyanya no gukuraho ibisambo nabyo bifasha kugira ngo urumuri rubashe kwinjira . Iyo bikenewe , hakoreshwa imiti yica uduhumyo nka : Carbendazim 50 % WP ( gr 20 ) , Copper oxychloride 50 % WP ( gr 50 - 70 muri litiro 20 , PHI : iminsi 14 ) , Sulfur 80 % WP ( gr 50 ) , Mancozeb + Metalaxyl ( g 2 . 5 muri litiro 1 y' amazi ) , Tryciclazole , Chlorothalonil 50 % SC ( ml 20 muri litiro 20 , PHI : iminsi 7 ) .
Indwara ziterwa na virusi ; Inyanya zifashwe na virusi zirangwa no kugwingira , kwikunja cyangwa kubemba kw' amababi , kuma kw' ibice by' uruti n' amababi , n' ibindi . Virusi zikwirakwizwa n' imbuto yanduye , inda , isazi y' umweru , tiripusi , ibikoresho byanduye , n' ibindi .
Kirabiranya ( Bacterial wilt ) Kirabiranya iterwa na bagiteri ishobora kumara mu butaka imyaka igera kuri 50 . Ikwirakwizwa n' ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubutaka nka isuka . Ibimenyetso bya mbere bigaragara ku mababi yo hejuru , akasa n' araba cyangwa yababutse . Nyuma y' iminsi mike , amababi yose aruma , agahindura ibara nk' ikigina nk' aho ari kuma . Ibara nk' ir' ikigina rigaragara no ku ruti hasi aho rutangirira , kandi umurenda weruruka ugaragara iyo uciye ku ruti rw' inyanya . Kurwanya kirabiranya bisaba gusimburanya inyanya n' ibihingwa bitari mu muryango umwe , gukoresha ubwoko bw' inyanya bwihanganira iyi ndwara cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kubangurira ku bwoko bwihanganira kirabiranya , kurandura ibimaze kwandura , no guhinga mu butaka bwatewe cyangwa bwatunganyijwe neza .
Ububore bwo ku ndiba y' urubuto ( Blossom end rot ) Ubu bubore buterwa n' ibura rya kalisiyumu ( Calcium ) mu gihingwa , bikaba ahanini biterwa n' amazi make cyangwa menshi cyane mu butaka . Mu bihe by' ubushyuhe cyangwa igihe hiriwe humagaye bakavomera cyane , igihingwa ntigishobora kunyunyuza kalisiyumu neza . Iyo igihingwa gikura vuba , potasiyumu na kalisiyumu bike , manyeziyumu na azote nyinshi , urwunyunyu rwinshi , kwangirika kw' imizi , n' ubuhehere bukabije bituma gifatwa n' ubu burwayi . Ibimenyetso bigaragarira ku ndiba y' urubuto aho habonekamo amazi aretse ndetse hahoze . Kugabanya ubu bubore bisaba : kuhira mu rugero ruringaniye mu bihe by' ubushyuhe no mu gihe inyanya zatangiye kuzana imbuto , gukoresha ifumbire y' imborera ihagije , gushyira ishwagara mu butaka igihe bikenewe , no gusasira ubutaka .
Indwara n' ibyonnyi bya puwavuro : Kirabiranya ( bacterial wilt ) Ibiyitera n' ibimenyetso : Kimwe no ku nyanya , iyi ndwara iter wa na bagiteri ifata igihingwa akenshi iturutse mu butaka buyifite . Irangwa nuko igihingwa kirabirana mu gihe gito kandi kitahinduye ibara cya ne . Iyi ndwara ifata imiyoboro itwara ibitunga igihingwa bivanywe mu buta ka . Iyo igeze muri iyo miyoboro , iyitera kuziba bityo amazi n' intungagihigwa ntibigere mu gihingwa . Ni nayo mpam vu kirabirana . Ibimenyetso biboneka ku mababi yo hejuru ku mumero , agasa n' araba mu gihe cy' umucyo . Nyuma y' iminsi mike igihingwa cyose kiruma , kigapfa . Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya : Kwirinda guhinga puwavuro mu murima wagaragayemo iyo ndwara . Ibihingwa byafashwe bikurwa mu murima kugira ngo bidakomeza gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara . Guhinga mu butaka bwasukuwe babuteka cyangwa hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo . Gusimburanya ibihingwa ni ingenzi kuko iyi ndwara nta muti igira iyo yamaze kugera mu bihingwa .
Akaribata ( Anthracnose ) muri puwavuro , ibimenyetso byayo n' uburyo bwo kuyirwanya : Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' akaribata ; Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo . Ishobora kuboneka ku bice bitan dukanye by' igihingwa giteye muri gir inihawuzi cyangwa igatera ububore ku mbuto zamaze gusarurwa . Ayo mabara agaragara ku mbuto zikiri icyatsi kibisi ndetse nizimaze guhisha ; iyo ikirere gihehereye usanga atwikiri we n' uruhumbu rw' iroza . Utu duhumyo dutera amabara yijimye kandi atose agera kuri cm 2 . 5 ku mbu to . Uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara y' akaribata : Gukoresha imbuto z' indobanure zujuje ubuziranenge ; Gukora isuku mu murima bakuramo ibisiga zwa by' umusaruro ; Kwifashisha ibigo by' ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi nka RAB bakaguha inama ku miti wakoresha wica iyi ndwara . Gutera imiti yica uduhumyo nka * Carben dazim 50 % WP , gr20 , * Copper oxychloride 50 % WP : gr 50 - 70 muri L 20 , PHI : 14 . * Tryciclazole * Chlorothalonil 50 % SC : ml 20 muri litiro 20 , PHI : Iminsi 7 * Sulfur 80 % WP , gr50 * Mancozeb + Metalaxyl : g2 . 5 muri L1 y' amazi .
Indwara ya Virusi muri puwavuro ; Ibimenyetso byayo : Kumenya ubwoko bwa virusi ya fashe igihingwa biragoye kuko bisaba ubushakashatsi n' ibikoresho biham baye . Ibimenyetso biratandukana bitewe n' amoko ya puwavuro , imiterere y' ikir ere , intungagihigwa puwavuro yafashe , virusi imwe cyangwa urusobe rwa za virusi zafashe igihingwa . Ibimenyetso rusange ni ugupfunyarara , kugwingira , kwikunja , kwihina kw' ama babai , n' utubara tuza ku mababi . Imb uto nazo zizaho amabara kandi zigata kaza iforomu / ishusho yazo isanzwe . Uko bayirirwanya : Kwirinda guhinga puwavuro mu murima umwe mu bihembwe by' ihinga bikurikiria na . Kurandura igihingwa cyafashwe ukimara kubona ibimenyetso . Gutera umuti wica ubusimba kugira ngo wirinde ko bukwirakwiza virusi .
Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubu to ( Blossom end rot ) bwa puwavuro . Ibimenytso byayo : Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto buterwa no kubura k' umunyu wa ka risiyumu mu butaka cyangwa ibindi bihingwamo puwavuro . Kubura kwa karisiyumu biterwa n' ama zi make cyangwa menshi , azoti nyinshi n' imiterere y' ubutaka itari myiza mu gihe cyo gukora imbuto . Ibi bituma igihingwa kidashobora gukurura kalisiyumu ihagije gikeneye . Iyo karisiyumu ikenewe iri hejuru y' iyo igihingwa kiri kubona , ku ndiba y' urub uto haraturika kandi hakabora . Uko bayirwanya : Kuhira mu buryo bw' akajagari ni bimwe mu bitera ibura rya kalisiyumu ; bityo rero ni byiza kwirinda kuhiza amazi make cyangwa menshi . Ibyiza ni ukuhiza amazi ahagije kandi ku buryo buhoraho . Kugabanya amazi mu gihe ari menshi muri girinihawuzi ; Gusasira ubutaka hakoreshejwe isaso nziza kugira ngo bugumane ubuhehere .
Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Inyanya zigeze igihe cyo gusarurwa muri girinihawuzi ni ibi bikurikira : Inyanya zitangira kwera mu minsi iri hagati ya 60 – 75 nyuma yo kugemura bitewe n' ubwoko . Igihe cyo gusarura giterwa n' isoko . Inyanya zeze zirangwa no guhindura ibara ziva ku cyatsi cyijimye – icyatsi cyerurutse – umuhondo – umutuku ; ukazisarura ku cyiciro wowe cyangwa umuguzi mwifuzaho .
Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Puwavuro zigeze igihe cyo gusarurwa muri girinihawuzi ni ibi bikurikira : Puwavuro isarurwa iyo yeze neza . Bitewe n' isoko puwavuro ishobora gusaru rwa igifite ibara ry' icyatsi cg imaze guhindura ibara rikaba umutuku cyangwa umuhondo cyangwa orange bitewe n' ubwoko bwayo . Puwavuro za iburide zihingwa muri girinihawuzi zitangira gusarurwa zimaze nk' amezi 3 zitewe . Gusarura birakomeza bikamara hagati y' amezi 5 na 6 . Ni byiza gusarura mu gihe hari amafu / ubuhehere kuko ubushyuhe bwangiza umusaruro .
Uburyo bwo gusarura inyanya muri girinihawuzi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gusarura bikoreshwa icyuma cyangwa umukasi wabugenewe ( sekateri ) . Ibyo bikoresho bigomba kuba bityaye bihagije . Urunyanya rweze kandi bashobora kurusarura baruzamura , bakarugonyora nyuma bakarukurura . Abasaruzi bagomba kuba baraciye inzara kugirango batangiza inyanya . Gukoresha uturindantoki dusukuye nabyo birinda kwangiza inyanya mu gusarura . Abasarura bagomba kwitwirarika kugira isuku mu gihe basarura . Inyanya zisarurirwa mu bikoresho bisukuye hanyuma umusaruro ukaza gushy irwa mu makurete . Mu gusarura ugomba kwitwararika kugirango utangiza umusaruro . Kujug unya inyanya mu cyo basaruriramo , gutura hasi cyangwa gukurura ibyo wa saruriyemo bituma inyanya zigwirirana . Ibi bituma inyanya zangirika ku buryo bugaragaza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibitagaragara nko gukoboka . Ibikomere , gupfumuka no gushishuka ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara . Ibimenyet so bigaragaza ko habayeho kwangirika kutagaragaraga ni nko kuzana ibibara by' ikigina cyangwa by' umukara ku runyanya cyangwa zigashya vuba kandi zikaba zanabora vuba . Ibisaruwe bigomba guhita bishyirwa mu gicucu kuko izuba ryangiza cyane umusaruro . Birabujijwe gutera umuti ku nyanya zamaze gusarurwa kuko bituma zitakaza ubuziranenge bwazo ndetse bikanagira ingaruka ku buzima bw' abantu . Inyanya zisarurwa hatandukanwa izirwaye n' izitarwaye .
Uburyo bwo gusarura Puwavuro muri girinihawuzi : Gusarura puwavuro bikoreshwa icyuma cyangwa umukasi wabugenewe ( se kateri ) . Ibyo bikoresho bigomba kuba bityaye bihagije kandi ni byiza kubi sukura mbere na nyuma yo kubikoresha . Puwavuro zisarurirwa mu gikoresho cya parasitike kitazikomeretsa ( kureti ) , gifite imyenge kandi gishobora kozwa . Kureti ntizigomba kuzuzuzwa cyane kugirango zibashe kugerekeranwa . Si byiza gusarurira mu mifuka cyangwa intebo nini kuko bituma zicucika kan di zikangirika vuba . Ni ngombwa kugirira isuku ibikoresho bisarurirwamo ndetse n' ibyo gusaruza ( Urugero wifashisha Jik ) . Gusarura bikorwa umuntu yigengesereye kandi atanaga puwavuro asaruye mu gikoresho asaruriramo , ahubwo azirambikamo yitonze . Ibisaruwe bigomba guhita bishyirwa mu gicucu kuko izuba ryangiza cyane umusaruro . Puwavuro igomba gusarurwa ifite inkondo kubera ko biyirinda kwangirika mu gihe cyose itarakoreshwa . Ni byiza kwitwararika mu gihe cy' isarura kugira ngo udakomeretsa uruti rwa puwavuro . Birabujijwe gutera umuti kuri puwavuro zamaze gusarurwa kuko bituma zita kaza ubuziranenge bwazo ndetse bikanagira ingaruka ku buzima bw' abantu . Puwavuro zisarurwa hatandukanwa izirwaye n' izitarwaye .
Kujonjora cyangwa gushyira mu byiciro by' ubwiza bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Inyanya zigomba kujonjorwa no gushyirwa mu byiciro by' ubwiza ( hashingiwe k' uburemere / ubunini , ishusho / imiterere , ibara , … ) mbere yo kuzipakira ngo zijyanwe ku isoko . Inyanya nziza nizo abaguzi bakunda ; bityo rero kujonjora no kuzishyira mu byiciro by' ubwiza ni ngombwa . Nyuma yo gusarura , inyanya zishyirwa mu byiciro . Urugero ' ' ikiciro A ' ' ( Ntam akemwa / gihebuje ) cyangwa “ ikiciro B ” ( zifite inenge nkeya ) . Ibyifuzo by' abaguzi nibyo bigena kandi bikubahirizwa mu gushyira inyanya zasaruwe mu byiciro . Inyanya nziza ni izeze neza , zifite isuku , zifite ishusho / iforomu nziza , zidafite ibimeyetso by' uburwayi n' ibyonnyi , zidatobaguye cyangwa ngo zibe zarakomeretse , zitamanyutse , kandi akaba nta bihumanya biziriho .
Gupakira bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gupakira ni ikindi kintu cy' ingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho ku musaruro w' im boga mu rwego rwo kugabanya kwangirika k' umusaruro n' igihombo . Mu gupakira inyanya , birinda ko zikomereka cyangwa kuba zahura n' ibihu manya by' ubwoko bunyuranye . Birinda kandi ko inyanya ziryamira izindi mu buryo bwatuma zangirika . Gu pakira inyanya kandi bikorwa bazishyira mu bikoresho byabugenewe kandi bifite ingano iringaniye kuburyo byoroha mu guterura .
Kwita k' umusaruro : Gutwara umusaruro kw' isoko : Mu bihugu biri mu nzira y' amajyambere , amasoko umusaruro ujyanwaho ntabwo akunze kuba yegereye abahinzi , ndetse n' imihanda igera ku masoko usanga imyinshi itagendwa kuburyo bworoshye . Gutwara umusaruro ku isoko kuri iyo mihanda igoranye ndetse no kuba nta modoka zikonjesha ziboneka mu gutwara umusaruro w' inyanya ni ikibazo ku bahinzi , ibi bikadindizaza itwarwa ry' umusaruro ku isoko kandi bigatuma wangirika . Byagaragaye ko 20 % by' umusaruro wangirika kubera gutinda kugezwa kw' isoko . Abahinzi bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwose bakirinda kugeza umusaruro ku isoko bakererewe . Urugero : kuwikoreza abakozi , imodoka zitwara abagenzi rusange ( coaster ) , gukodesha imodoka itwara imizigo , n' ubundi . Igihe cyose bishoboka , umusaruro ugomba gutwarwa mu buryo bwiza buwurinda kwangirika .
Kwita k' umusaruro : Guhunika : Kubera urugero rw' amazi menshi inyanya zigira biragoye kuzibika ahantu hari igipimo cy' ubushyuhe gisanzwe igihe kirekire . Ubusanzwe zibikwa ahantu nkaho hashyushye igihe zitazarenza icyumweru . Igihe cyose bishoboka , zigomba guhunikwa ahantu hari umwuka uhagije ugabanya ubushyuhe buterwa n' ihumeka ryazo . Iyo zizahunikwa igihe kirekire , inyanya zihishije zigomba kubikwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwa 10 - 15oC n' ubuhehere buri hagati ya 85 - 95 % .
Ingemwe za watermelon mu bihoho zitegurwa mu buryo bukurikira : Umurama uhumbikwa mu bihoho bifite umurambararo wa cm 7 . 5 kandi bikozwe mubirere cyangwa iby' amashashi . Ibihoho bipakirwamo itaka n' imborera iboze neza ku ngero za 2 kuri 1 Urugero : Ibitebo bibiri by' itaka bivangwa n' igitebo kimwe cy' ifumbire ; bongeramo n' agafumbire gake ka NPK 17 17 17 kangana na garama 5 cyangwa agafuniko kamwe ka fanta mu bihoho bibiri . Imbuto imwe iterwa muri buri gihoho ku bu bujyakuzima bw' igice cya sentimetero ukageza kuri sentimetero imwe . Ibihoho bishyirwa ahantu hatwikiriye kugirango ingemwe zirindwe kwicwa n' izuba ariko ugomba gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba inyura kuko ingemwe ziba zirikeneye ku rugero ruringaniye . Ni ngombwa kuvomerera buri munsi mu gitondo kare no kumugoroba . Ingemwe ziterwa hashize ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kwinaza zifite amababi 2 kugeza ku mababi 4 utabariyemo amababi y' ingarama .