C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Imbuto za Kurujete zishobora guhita ziterwa mu murima cyangwa zikanyuzwa mu bihoho . Ibyiza byo gutegurira ingemwe mu bihoho : »Ingemwe zikurira rimwe kandi ari nziza . »Bikumira indwara , ibyonnnyi ndetse n' ibindi bibazo byaterwa n' imvura nyinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe . »Bigabanya akazi ko kubagara , kwicira , gutera imiti no kuvomerera kuko ingemwe nyinshi zikurikiranirwa ku buso buto . »Birinda kwangiza imbuto / inzuzi kuko zikoreshwa neza . »Bikorerwa ahantu hato mu gihe umurima uzaterwamo uba urimo kubyazwa uwundi musaruro . »Humbika imbuto mu bihoho bikozwe mu birere cyangwa amashashi yemewe , bifite umurambararo wa cm 7 . 5 . »Pakira mu bihoho itaka n' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza ku ngero za 2 : 1 ( Urugero : Ibitebo bibiri by' itaka bivangwa n' igitebo kimwe cy' ifumbire ) . Ongeramo n' agafumbire gake ka NPK 17 - 17 - 17 kangana na garama 5 ( agafuniko kamwe ka fanta ) mu gihoho 1 . • Tera imbuto ebyiri muri buri gihoho ku bujyakuzimu bwo guhera kuri cm 0 . 5 kugera kuri cm 1 . • Shyira ibihoho ahantu hatwikiriye kugirango ingemwe ziticwa n' izuba ariko wibuke gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba inyura kuko ingemwe ziba zirikeneye ku rugero ruringaniye . Vomerera buri munsi mu gitondo no kumugoroba . Tera imiti irwanya indwara ( mancozeb cyangwa methalaxyl : garama 2 . 5 / litiro y' amazi ) n' ibyonnyi ( Lambda - Cyhalothrin : 1ml / 1l y' amazi ) bibaye ngombwa . ● Kugirango ingemwe zikomere , gabanya igihe cyo kuvomerera kandi ugende ugabanya igicucu cy' ubuhumbikiro mu gihe cy' icyumweru kimwe cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura . Tera ingemwe hashize iminsi 21 - 28 .
Gutegura umurima no guteramo kurujete bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Hitamo umurima udaherukamo ibihingwa biri mumuryango w' ibinyanzuzi ( urugero : kokombure , ibicuma , wotemeroni , amadegede , kurujete ) nibura nyuma y' ibihe by' ihinga 2 . Tegura umurima icyumweru kimwe mbere yo kugemura . Hinga umurima ugeza isuka ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 . Mu gutera cukura imyobo ifite ubugari bwa cm 30 na cm 30 z' ubujyakuzimu . Hagati y' umwobo nundi hajyamo cm 50 — 100 , hagati y' umurongo nundi hajyamo cm 100 . Shyira mu mwobo kg 2 z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza ( amashyi abiri yuzuye neza mu mwobo ) kandi uvange neza ifumbire n' itaka . Hakenerwa kg 200 Kuri ari imwe . Ongeraho NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ingana na garama 20 ( udufuniko 2 tw' icupa ry' amazi y' inyange kuri buri mwobo ) ; igihe cyo gutera hakenerwa kg 2 za NPK17 - 17 - 17 kuri ari . Kura ingemwe mu bihoho neza udakuyeho itaka rifashe ku mizi maze uzitere mu myobo yateguwe .
Kwita kuri kurujete nyuma yo gutera , bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; Gusasira : Koresha ibyatsi byumye neza igihe usasira kurujete . Isaso ituma ubutaka bugumana ubuhehere , ibuza ibyatsi bibi gukura , irinda indwara zituruka mu butaka kandi irinda ibihaza kubora igihe biri gukura cyane cyane mu gihe cy' imvura ; Kubagara : Nyuma y' ibyumweru bibiri ingemwe zitewe ( iminsi 15 ) , menera kugirango amazi n' umwuka bibashe kwinjira mu butaka . Bagara igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima . Kuvomerera : Hita uvomerera nyuma yo gutera n' igihe cyose imvura itagwa cyangwa idahagije . kuvomerera witonze , udatosa amababi kugirango hatabaho kwanduza indwara zituruka mu butaka .
Kongera ifumbire mvaruganda kuri kurujete myuma yo gutera bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Kongeraho ifumbire mvaruganda : Nyuma y' iminsi 15 umaze gutera ( kugemura ) , ongera ushyireho ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ( garama 20 ) ni ukuvuga udufuniko tubiri twi ' icupa ry' amazi y' Inyange ku muzenguruko aho imizi igarukira , urenzeho agataka ( Hakoreshwa kg 2 kuri ari ) . Icyitonderwa : Igihe kurujete zitereweho mu murima zitanyujijiwe mu bihoho , zihabwa ifumbire mvaruganda kuburyo bukurikira : Garama 20 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 / ku mwobo ku munsi wo gutera , Garama 20 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku minsi 30 nyuma yo gutera ; Nyuma y' ukwezi kumwe uteye / ugemuye ongera na none ushyireho ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ( garama 10 ) , ukoresheje agafuniko kamwe k' icupa ry' amazi y' inyange ku muzenguruko aho imizi igarukira , urenzeho agataka .
Gusarura Kurujete uko bikorwa : Sarura kurujete nyuma y' iminsi 60 uhereye igihe watereyeho , imbuto zimaze kugira nibura hagati ya cm 15 kugera kuri cm 40 bitewe n' ubwoko wateye . Sarura ukoresheje icyuma usige agakondo gato ku mutwe kuko birinda kurujete kubora vuba .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi muri Kurujete bikorwa gutya ; Genzura umurima buri munsi witegereza neza uruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi kuko ari ho ubusimba n' indwara bifata mu gihe byihisha izuba n' imvura . Kurujete zikunda guhura n' uburwayi butandukanye aribwo : indwara y' akaribata ( anthracnose ) , uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew ) ziterwa uduhumyo , kirabiranya iterwa na bagiteri , iziterwa na virusi n' izindi . Ibyonnyi bikunze kugarara ni ibivumvuri by' ibihaza ( cucurbit leaf beetles ) n' inda z' ibihingwa . Rwanya indwara ziterwa n' uduhumyo ukoresheje imiti uyisimburanya nka Mancozeb + Metalaxyl ( Victory ) , chlorothalonil ( Daconil , odeon 720SC ) , copper oxychloride ( Gitenge ) , Carbendazim ( Rodazim , Bendazim ) , Sulfur ( Thiovit ) . Irinde indwara ziterwa na bagiteri , utera usimburanya imiti ikurikira irimo cuwivure ( copper ) urugero gitenge , komanda na funguran , kuko izo ndwara zitavurwa . Rwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi ukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko ( Rocket , dudu abamectin , Lamdex ) kuko nta miti yihariye yica virus .
Pome ni iki : Pome ni igihingwa cyageze mu Rwanda kizanywe n' abakoroni b' abanyaburayi . Mu Rwanda , ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku buhinzi bwa pome bwatangiye gukorwa mu mwaka wa 2010 . Ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iki gihingwa gishobora kwera neza mu duce tumwe na tumwe two mu Rwanda ndetse kigatanga umusaruro ushimishije . Urubuto rwa pome rukungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye harimo vitamine C , B , E , … ndetse n' imyunyungugu nka potasiyumu , fosifore , karisiyumu , manyeziyumu , sodiyumu , feri , zenke , manganeze n' iyindi . Urubuto rwa pome rufasha mu kwirinda indwara zitandukanye harimo diyabete na kanseri . Ubuhinzi bwa pome butanga inyungu itubutse ku muhinzi . Kuri hegitari imwe haterwaho ibiti bya pome 625 iyo byatewe kuri m4xm4 ; igiti kimwe cya pome kera imbuto zigera kuri 400 ku mwaka .
AMOKO YA POME YAMAMAZWA MU RWANDA : Mu Rwanda , amako abiri ya pome niyo yamaze gukorerwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bikaba byaragaragaye ko abasha gutanga umusaruro ushimishije . Ayo moko ni Anna na Golden Dorsett . Ubwoko bwa Anna : amababi asa n' icyatsi kibisi kandi atagaye , impera z' amababi ntizisongoye , Imbuto zijya kuba nk' izisongoye ntizikore uruziga , Iyo zeze neza zarabonye urumuri ruhagije ziratukura hose ; Ubwoko bwa Golden Dorsett : Ibara ry' amababi ni icyatsi kibisi gikeye , Amababi agaye , Impera z' amababi zimeze nk' izijya gusongora , Imbuto zifite ishusho y' uruziga , Iyo zeze ziratukura cyane . Icyitonderwa : Si byiza guhinga ubwoko bumwe gusa bwa pome kuko zikenera kubangurirana . Mu Rwanda , hari andi moko ya pome akiri mu igerageza mu bice bitandukanye by' igihugu . Ayo moko ni Red delicious , Golden delicious , Granny na Gala . Nibigaragara ko nayo yitwara neza , azatangira kwamamazwa agere ku bahinzi batandukanye .
Pome zikunda ahantu hameze gutya : Pome zikenera ikirere gifite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere ( oC ) 21 - 24 kugira ngo zibashe gukura neza no kuzana imbuto . Zibasha kwera neza ahantu hari ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 1500 na m 2200 kandi hagwa imvura ihagije mu bihembwe byose by' ihinga ku buryo haboneka byibura mm 1000 – 1250 ku mwaka . Iyo imvura idahagije , ni ngombwa kuvomerera . Pome zikunda ahantu hari ubutaka bufite isi ndende , buhitisha umwuka , bufite ifumbire ihagije , bw' inombe kandi butarekamo amazi cyangwa budafite amazi yo mu butaka yegereye imizi kuko yatuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma . Ubusharire ( pH ) bw' ubutaka bugomba kuba buri hagati ya 5 . 5 na 6 . 5 . Iyo ubutaka busharira cyane , ni ngombwa gukoresha ishwagara .
Ni ibyiza gutera ingemwe zavuye ahantu hizewe ; zigomba kuba zibanguriye kandi zidafite indwara iyo ari yo yose , zifite amababi y' icyatsi kibisi gitoshye . Amoko ya pome arabangurirana bigatuma atanga umusaruro mwiza ; ni yo mpamvu atari byiza ko umuhinzi atera ubwoko bumwe gusa . Ni byiza guhinga byibuze amoko abiri ; nka Anna na Golden dorsett . Ibyiza byo gutera ingemwe zibanguriye ni ibi bikurikira : Imbuto zerera igihe gito . Igiti kibanguriye gitanga umusaruro mwinshi . Bifasha guhinga ubwoko buzwi neza n' ikiburanga ( uko buryoha , aho bwera , igihe bwerera , . . ) . Igiti kibanguriye gifata umwanya muto mu murima .
GUTEGURA UMURIMA WO GUTERAMO POME bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; - Hinga umurima neza uvanemo urwiri . - Ni ngombwa kubanza kugaragaza mu murima ahazaterwa ibiti bya pome , hagashingwa imambo . Pome ziterwa ku ntera ya m 4 x m 4 . - Cukura imyobo ya cm 60 mu mpande na cm 60 mu bujyakuzimu . Igitaka cyo hejuru muri cm 30 gishyirwa uruhande rumwe aricyo gisubiramo kivanze n' ifumbire , ibyo bigakorwa nibura icyumweru mbere yo gutera . - Mu mwobo umwe hashyirwamo ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza ingana nibura n' ibase imwe kugeza kuri ebyiri ( kg 20 - 30 ) . Imborera ikenerwa kuri hegitare ni toni 12 . 5 – 19 . - Byaba byiza umurima ushyizweho uruzitiro kuko birinda indwara , ibyonnyi bitandukanye ndetse n' umuyaga . Aha hashobora gukoreshwa ibiti bitanga ifumbire y' azote nka Kariyandara ( Calliandra ) cyangwa Resena ( Leucaena ) .
UBURYO BWO GUTERA POME ; Ni byiza ko pome ziterwa mu ntangiriro y' imvura kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ukwakira kugira ngo zizabone imvura ihagije mu bihembwe bibiri by' ihinga ( A na B ) mbere y' uko zihura n' impeshyi . Mu gutera , igihoho kivanwaho hagasigara igitaka gikikije imizi kugira ngo ingemwe zifate neza , iyo hari imizi yarenze ishashi irakatwa mbere yo gutera . Nyuma yo gutera , batsindagira gake itaka rikikije urugemwe rwatewe kugira ngo rirwegere . Icyitonderwa : umugoraba ubanziriza umunsi wo gutera , ni byiza guha ingemwe ziri buterwe amazi ahagije . Mu gihe cyo gutera ugomba kuzuza kandi ugatsindagira itaka wirinda ko amazi areka hafi y' uruti igihe ingemwe zikiri nto kuko bituma hashobora kuzaho indwara z' imizi .
Gushingirira Pome - Nyuma yo gutera ibiti bya pome , ni byiza gushinga imambo hafi yabyo zifasha kubiyobora bigana hejuru ; hakoreshwa akagozi gahambira igiti cyatewe ku rumambo . - Mbere y' uko urumambo rukoreshwa , rubanza kunyuzwa muri vidange kugira ngo rutazakurura umuswa .
Gukuraho ishashi yakoreshejwe babangurira Pome bikorwa bitya : - Iyo wateye urugemwe rubanguriye ishashi bahambiriza babangurira ikiriho ni byiza ko iyo shashi ikurirwaho igihe kuko iyo bitinze yinjira mu ruti ikaruniga ndetse rukavunika . - Iyo umubangurizo watangiye kuzana udushibu dushya ndetse n' igikomere cyarakize neza , kiba ari ikimenyetso cy' uko ishashi yahuzaga umubangurizo n' icyo ubanguriyeho yakurwaho . - Mu kuvanaho ishashi , hakoreshwa urwembe hirindwa gukomeretsa igiti .
Gusimbuza ibiti bya pome byapfuye bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : - Ingemwe zitafashe zisimbuzwa hakiri kare kugira ngo izizisimbuye zizakurane n' izindi . - Mu gusimbuza , hakoreshwa ingemwe zakuze neza kandi bigakorwa hitawe ku iboneka ry' amazi .
Gusasira ibiti bya Pome bikorwa ; - Hakoreshwa ibyatsi byumye neza . Isaso ituma ubutaka bugumana ubuhehere kandi ntibwangirike ndetse ikarwanya n' ibyonnyi . - Gusasira kandi bikumira ibyatsi bibi mu murima . - Gusasira bikorwa basiga cm 20 uvuye ku rugemwe kugira ngo hirindwe uburwayi n' udusimba byaturuka ku isaso .
Kuvomerera ibiti bya pome : - Kuvomerera bifasha kugira ngo ibiti bikure neza bitange n' umusaruro mwiza . - Pome zibangamirwa no kubura kw' imvura , zikenera amazi cyane mu gihe cy' ururabo , cyo kuzana imbuto no gukura kw' imbuto . - Kuvomerera rimwe mu byumweru 3 byagaragaye ko bituma ibiti byera vuba ndetse n' imbuto zeze zikaba nini . Mu gihe cy' izuba ryinshi , biba byiza iyo kuvomerera bikozwe nibura buri minsi 10 .
Kubagara ibiti bya pome : - Ibyatsi bibi bishobora kuba imvano y' indwara n' ibyonnyi kandi bikabuza igihingwa gukura neza kuko nabyo binyunyuza ibitungagihingwa biba biri mu butaka ndetse bigacuranywa urumuri n' ingemwe za pome zatewe cyane cyane iyo zikiri ntoya . - Kubagara bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima .
Gukata no kuyobora amashami y' ibiti bya pome bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : - Gukata amashami y' ibiti mu myaka ya mbere ikurikira iterwa ry' ibiti ni ngombwa kugira ngo bibashe kugara ndetse bigire amashami menshi . - Amashami yose avuka munsi y' aho babanguririye akurwaho buri gihe . Iyo igiti cya pome kigize uburebure bwa metero imwe ( m 1 ) , gikatirwa kuri cm 70 kugira ngo gishibuke amashami yo ku mpande . - Amashami ya mbere kuri pome agomba gutangirira byibura kuri 60cm uvuye ku butaka akagenda ateganye abiri abiri . - Amashami akurikiyeho agomba kuba atandukanye n' ayabanjeho byibura cm 30 kugira ngo urumuri rujye rwinjiramo neza . - Ayo mashami asigaye aragondwa akamera nk' amaboko ateze hakoreshejwe imishingirizo ikomeye , akajya ashibukaho utundi dushami tureba mu mpande , utujeho tureba hejuru ndetse nutureba hasi tukajya tuvanwaho .
Gukuraho amababi ku biti bya pome : - Bitangira gukorwa nyuma y' imyaka ibiri pome zitewe , amashami yose akurwaho amababi ; bikorwa mu mezi ya Mutarama na Kanama mbere y' uko imvura igwa . - Iki gikorwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo igiti cya pome gihatirwe gupfundika ururabo , bityo kizatange umusaruro mwiza .
Kugenzura igihingwa ibiti bya pome : - Ni ngombwa kugenzura kenshi ibiti bya pome kugira ngo niba hariikibazo bifite kimenyekane kandi gikemurwe hakiri kare . - Biba byiza iyo umuntu ahora ahindura inzira anyuramo akora igenzura mu murima . - Mu kugenzura wita kukureba ibi bikurikira : umuswa mu butaka hafi y' igiti , indwara n' ibyonnyi ku mababi , guhindura ibara kw' amababi , n' ibindi . Ni byiza kwitegereza neza uruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi kuko ari ho ubusimba n' indwara bikunda gufata mu gihe byihisha izuba n' imvura . - Igihe cy' igenzura , harebwa kandi niba ibiti bigihagaze neza bikababyahengamurwa ndetse byaba bifite ibisambo bigakurwaho . - Mu gihe cyo gutera umuti ni ngombwa gukora ku buryo umuti ukwira ku ruhande rwo munsi rw' ikibabi kugira ngo ube wizeye ko wawuteye neza . - Genzura ubwone by' inyoni mu murima watangiye kuzana imbuto kuko inyoni zitangira kona imbuto za pome zikizaho kugeza zikuze .
Gushyira ifumbire ku biti bya Pome bikorwa muri ubu buryo ; - Pome zikenera ifumbire ihagije kugira ngo zibashe gukura neza ndetse zitange n' umusaruro ushimishije . Imborera ingana nibura n' ibase imwe kugeza kuri ebyiri ( kg 20 - 30 ) yongerwa ku biti kuva ku mwaka wa gatatu nyuma yo gutera . - Ifumbire mvaruganda nayo itangira gushyirwaho kuva ku mwaka wa mbere ndetse igakomeza gushyirwaho buri mwaka . Ingano ikoreshwa igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira . - Ifumbire mvaruganda igenewe igiti kimwe ishyirwaho mu byiciro 2 ( Nzeri - Ukwakira ) no muri ( Werurwe - Mata ) Uko ifumbire ya NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ikoreshwa ku gihingwa cya pome : Ku mwaka wa mbere shyiraho garama 100 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa kabiri shyiraho garama 200 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatatu shyiraho garama 400 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa kane shyiraho garama 600 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatanu shyiraho garama 800 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatandatu shyiraho garama 1000 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa karindwi shyiraho garama 1200 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa munani shyiraho garama 1400 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ;
Uko ifumbire ya NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ikoreshwa ku gihingwa cya pome : Ku mwaka wa mbere shyiraho garama 100 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa kabiri shyiraho garama 200 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatatu shyiraho garama 400 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa kane shyiraho garama 600 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatanu shyiraho garama 800 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa gatandatu shyiraho garama 1000 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa karindwi shyiraho garama 1200 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ; Ku mwaka wa munani shyiraho garama 1400 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ku giti kimwe ;
Igihe cyo gusarura pome : - Igiti cya pome kibanguriye gitangira kwera nyuma y' imyaka ibiri ( 2 ) gitewe . - Umusaruro uboneka ku giti ugenda wiyongera buri mwaka uko igiti kigenda gikura amashami yiyongera . - Igiti cyera kugeza ku biro 10 cyangwa birenga ku mwaka wa karindwi . - Ni byiza gusarura kare cyane mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba igihe izuba ari ricye .
Uburyo bwo gusarura pome ni ubu bukurikira ; - Imbuto za pome zigomba gusarurwana inkondo yazo kuko zinyunyuza amazi mu nkondo mu gihe zitarabikwa ahantu hafutse bityo bigatuma zongera amahirwe yo kutabora vuba . - Ni byiza ko gusarura bikoreshwa icyuma gityaye neza kugira ngo igiti cya pome kidakomeretswa . - Mu gusarura pome , birabujijwe gutera cyangwa kujugunya mu bikoresho bisarurirwamo mu murima , bisaba kwirinda kuzikomanya , kuzikomeretsa cyangwa kuzitwara mu mifuka kuko zononekara zikangirika vuba . - Ni ngombwa kwirinda ku buryo bushoboka bwose kurekera ku zuba imbuto wasaruye , haba mu gihe usarura cyangwa nyuma yo gusarura kuko umusaruro wakubiswe n' ubushyuhe bw' izuba wangirika vuba .
Kurobanura no gushyira imbuto za pome mu byiciro ; - Kurobanura imbuto ni ugutoranyamo iziteze neza , izagwingiye , izifite ubusembwa n' izigaragaza uburwayi . - Kurobanura no gushyira mu byiciro bishobora kongera agaciro k' umusaruro ku rugero rwa 40 % kugeza kuri 60 % . - Kurobanura no gushyira mu byiciro bishobora kugabanya iyangirika ry' umusaruro : a ) Bibuza kwanduzanya indwara hagati y' imbuto kuko iyo zivangavanze izirwaye zanduza izitarwaye . b ) Bigabanya kononekara guterwa n' umwuka wa etilene ( urugero : gusaza imburagihe cyangwa gushya ) ibyo ubusanzwe biba iyo imbuto zikomeretse cyangwa zahiye zavanzwe n' imbuto nzima zitangiritse cyangwa ngo zishye . - Iyo kurobanura birangiye , imbuto za pome zishyirwa mu byiciro hagendewe ku bunini , ibara , .
Gupakira no gutwara umusaruro wa pome ; - Biba byiza igihe umusaruro wapakiwe neza mu makarito akomeye , muri kureti ( isanduku zikoze mu biti cyangwa muri pulasitiki zikomeye ) ; si byiza gupakira mu mifuka cyangwa ibitebo bifunguye kubera ko byo bitabasha kurinda imbuto kwangirika iyo bipakiye . - Ibikoresho bipakirwamo umusaruro bigomba kuba byoroshye kubitwara mu gihe birimo ubusa kandi bitwara umwanya muto iyo bipakiye . Urugero : kureti ( ibisanduku bya pulasitiki ) bazipanga imwe mu yindi iyo zirimo ubusa , ibikarito bikomeye bateranya n' intoki . - Ibyo bikoresho bigomba kuba byinjiramo akayaga gatuma umusaruro ugubwa neza mu gihe uri mu nzira cyangwa mu bubiko . - Ibikoresho bapakiramo ntibigomba kandi kuba bigari cyane kugira ngo imbuto nyinshi zitaryamirana . - Gukoresha ibikoresho bitoya nabyo bishobora guhendesha , ariko bigabanya kwangirika k' umusaruro bigatuma inyungu izamuka . - Kugabanya ubunini bukabije bw' ibikoresho bapakiramo bishobora kugabanya igihombo ku rugero rwa 30 % .
Ibiranga Indwara y' ibihushi muri pome ; Imbuto zafashwe zigira ibibara ku ruhu bimeze nk' amagaragamba afite ibara ry' igihogo bifite ishusho y' uruziga . Ku mababi usanga ariho byiganje cyane ku gice cyo hejuru cy' ikibabi . Igishishwa cy' imbuto kirasatagurika , ahasadutse hakabora . Uko warwanya Indwara y' ibihushi muri pome ni uku gukurikira ; Gukoresha imiti yica uduhumyo nka Oxychlorure / hydroxide de cuivre , Metalaxyl , Mancozeb , Carbendazim ; Ibipimo by' umuti bikoreshwa : - Carbendazim 500 g / L SC : 10 - 40ml / 20L , Iminsi yo gusarura nyuma yo gutera umuti ( PHI ) : Iminsi 30 . - Copper hydroxide 50 % WP : 40 - 60ml / 20L , PHI : Iminsi 14 . - Mancozeb 80 % WP : 100gr / 20L , PHI : Iminsi 7 kugera 15 . Metalaxyl 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP : 50 gr / 20L , PHI :
Indwara y' uruhumbu rw' umweru muri pome ( Powdery mildew ) Ibimenyetso by' Indwara y' uruhumbu rw' umweru muri pome . Irangwa n' ifu isa n' ivu . Uruhumbu rugaragara cyane ku dushami dushyashya cyane ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw' amababi ; Warwanya ute Indwara y' uruhumbu rw' umweru muri pome ? - Gutera imiti irimo sufure ( Thiovit / Thiogil ) , uyisimburanya na Chlorothalonil , Copper hydroxide / oxychloride , Gutera umuti bitangira igihe harimo gushibuka amababi mashya mbere yo kurabya , bigakomeza mu gihe cy' ururabo . Ibipimo by' umuti bikoreshwa mu kurwanya Indwara y' uruhumbu rw' umweru muri pome ? - Sulphur 80 % WG : 40 - 160gr / 20L , Iminsi yo gusarura nyuma yo gutera umuti ( PHI ) : Iminsi 3 - Chlorothalonil 50 % SC : 20ml / 20L , PHI Iminsi 7 - 15 - Copper hydroxide 50 % WP : 40 - 60ml / 20L , PHI : Iminsi 14 - Copper oxychloride 50 % WP : 50 - 70ml / 20L , PHI :
Icyonnyi cy' Inda / Uburima muri pome ; Ibimenyetso by' Icyonnyi cy' Inda / Uburima muri pome : Inda zitungwa no kunyunyuza ibimera zafasheho . Zifata cyane cyane amababi n' uruti bikiri bito , indabo n' amababi yo hasi . Inda zikwirakwiza virusi nyinshi zitera indwara . Umushongi w' inda ukurura uduhumyo tw' umukara dutwikira ikibabi bigatuma kidakora neza ; Uko Warwanya Icyonnyi cy' Inda / Uburima muri pome : Gutera imiti nka acetameprid , Aster extrim ) usimburanya na lambda cyhalothrin mu gihe cyo kuzana ururabo , ugatera byibuze inshuro ebyiri ku ntera y' iminsi 15 . Ingano y' Umuti uterwa : - Abamectine 1 . 8 % EC : 6 - 10ml / 20L , PHI : Iminsi 14 ; - Lambda - cyhalothrin 5 % EC : 10 - 15ml / 20L PHI : Iminsi 7 ; - Deltamethrin 2 . 5 EC : 10 - 20ml / 20L , PHI :
Buri muryango ushobora kugira umurima w' imboga , ari abafite ubutaka bunini cyangwa buto , ndetse n' abatagira ubutaka buhagije bashobora gukoresha ubundi buryo bakabona imboga zo kubatunga . Imboga ni igihingwa kidatwara umwanya munini akaba kandi ari igihingwa kibonekamo vitamin z' ubwoko bunyuranye n' imyunyu ngugu ifitiye umubiri akamaro mu kuwurinda indwara , twavuga nka vitamin A ituma abana bakura neza , ikabarinda kurwaragurika kandi ikabarinda ubuhumyi , feri ituma hatabamo ibura ry' amaraso mu mubiri . Ku karima k' igikoni hahingwa cyane ibi biri muciro cya 3 ( ibirinda indwara . ) Murizo hari Karoti : ni igihingwa gikungahaye kuri vitamin A ituma abana bakura neza kandi ikabarinda ubuhumyi . Dodo : ni igihingwa gikungahaye kuri vitamine A , vitamine K , vitamine B6 , vitamine C bigatuma aban bakura neza kandi bigafasha mu igogora ry ; ibiryo . Epinari : ni igihingwa gikungahaye muri feri ( ubutare ) ituma hatabaho igabanuka ry' amaraso .
Ibikoresho by' ingenzi mu kubaka akarima k' igikoni ni ibi : - Ibirere by' insina ( imitwaro itatu ) - Ibiti : Nibura imambo 50 za metero 3m - Ifumbire y' imborera :
akarima k' igikoni kubakwa mu buryo bukurikira . Akarima k' igikoni kagomba gushyirwa hafi y' urugo cyangwa mu rugo kugirango nyirako ashobore kukitaho ku buryo bworoshye ; ako karima kagenda gakorwa mu buryo butandukanye , kugira ngo basimbure ishusho y' akarima ka mbere katagaragazaga uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri ; Gatangira kubakwa hacibwa uruziga rwa mbere rufite umurambararo wa cm 50 ; Hagakurikiraho guca uruziga rwa kabiri muri metero imwe ( 1m ) uvuye ku ruziga rwa mbere ; Ako karima kaba kubatse hifashishijwe ibiti byinshi bigakorwa mu ishusho ry' umusozi izengurutswe n' amaterasi y' indinganire ; Hakurikiraho gucukura mu ruziga rwa mbere kugera muri cm 20 z' ubujyakuzimu ukavanamo itaka ; Gushinga ibiti bizengurutse uruziga rwa mbere , bifite uburebure bwa metero 1 , 5 ; Gukikiza ibyo ibiti bishinze igitaka kivanze n' ifumbire ukageza ku rubariro ruri muri 20cm uvuye hejuru . Imvange y' igitaka n' ifumbire ishyirishwaho igitiyo ku buryo itaka rikora nk' akarunga ariko ntirerenge aho uruziga rwa kabiri rugarukira . Kugira ngo itaka ritarenga uruziga , barishyigikiza ibintu birifata :
Ako karima k' igikoni kagomba guhingwamo hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bwo guhinga , kandi kakaba kagomba kurwanywaho indwara n' ibindi byonnyi , nk' uko bikorwa mu murima usanzwe . Mu kuvugurura ako karima hitabwa ku burumbuke bwako , nk' uko biba ku mirima yose isanzwe . Buri murongo ushobora guhingwaho igihingwa kimwe , ukurikiyeho hagashyirwaho ubundi bwoko bw' igihingwa .