C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Ibimenyetso biranga Udutagangurirwa dutukura mu miteja ni ibi bikurikira : Amababi arabengerana akagaragaraho indodo z' udutagangurirwa . Ushishoje wabona udukoko duto dutukura tugenda munsi y' amababi ; Uko barwanya Udutagangurirwa dutukura mu miteja ; Randura ibyatsi bibi biri mumurima . Gukora isimburana bihingwa ryiza nibindi bihingwa bitari ibinyamisogwe .
Ibiranga urunyi rw' ibishyimbo mu miteja ni ibi : Ibishyimbo byafashwe bihinduka umuhondo , ku ruti ahagana ku butaka haba hasadutse . Urunyo rwinjira mu ruti rukarya igishyimbo kimaze kugondora cg kikiri mu butaka ; Uko barwanya urunyo rw' ibishyimbo mu miteja ; Gutera imbuto zihungiye n' umuti wa Imidachropride . Gukora isimburana bihingwa ryiza n' ibindi bihingwa bitari ibinyamisogwe , kuhira ( earthing - up ) ibihingwa ; Gutera imiti uyisimburanya nka : Cypermethrine , Lambda cyhalothrine na Deltamethrin .
Ibimenyetso biranga Udusazi tw' umweru mu miteja ; Imiteja yatewe n' udusazi iragwingira igahinduka umuhondo , ikarabirana nyuma ikaba yakuma .
Ibimenyetso biranga Ibinyabwoya by' imisogwe mu miteja ni ibi : Ibinyabwoya byangiza indabo zigahunguka . Biruma imiteja bigakora umwenge bikinjira imbere . Iyo myenge bisiga byinjira iba intandaro yo gutangira kubora . Uko barwanya Ibinyabwoya by' imisogwe mu miteja ; Kubona kare ibnyabwoya birafasha kubirwanya . Irinde ikigunda hafi y' umurima ; Tera ibigori na kokombure hafi y' umurima w' imiteja bizakurura ibinyabwoya bibihugireho kuko bibikurura kurusha imiteja .
Ibimenyetso biranga umugese wo mu miteja ni ibi ; Utudomo tw' umugese tugaragara ku bice byo hejuru y' ubutaka ku miteja . Utudomo dusa n' udutukura tumeze nk' udusohotse mu nsi y' ikibabi tuzengurutswe n' ibara ry' umuhondo . Amababi ashobora guhunguka yose . Uko barwanya umugese wo mu miteja ; Koresha imbuto nziza zizewe kandi zihungiwe na Benlate . Kora isimbura bihingwa neza . Randura ibyafashwe cg birwaye cyane . Tera umuti mbere yo kuzana ururabo nka Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole , Azoxystrobin , Chlorothalonil .
Ibimenyetso biranga Virusi cyangwa imfunyarazi mu miteja ni ibi bikurikira : Indwara ikwirakwizwa n' inda . Amababi arikunja akagira amabara y' umuhondo uvanze n' icyatsi kibisi . Ibihingwa byafashwe bigira imiteja mito kandi yigonze . Ishobora gukwirakwiza n' imbuto yanduye ; Uko barwanya Virusi cyangwa imfunyarazi mu miteja ; Koresha imbuto nziza kandi yizewe . Guhungiza imbuto umuti w' ubusimba nka Imidaclopride . Randura ibishyimbo bigaragaye ho uburwayi . Tera imiti uyinyuranya muri ubu bwoko : Lambda Cyhalothrin , Alpha cyper , Abamectin na Azadirachtin ( Nimbecidine ) igihe hari inda mu murima .
Ibimenyetso biranga uruhumbu rw' umweru mu miteja ni ibi : Uruhumbu rw' umweru rugaragara hejuru y' amababi . Aho uruhumbu rufashe ku kibabi hahita hahinduka umutuku nyuma amababi yose yafashwe akaba umuhondo agahunguka . Uko barwanya uruhumbu rw' umweru mu miteja ; Hinga utabira ibisigazwa byose nyuma yo gusarura . Simbuza neza ibihingwa wirinda gusubiza ibishyimbo aho bisaruwe . Bagara kare ibyatsi bitarakura cyane . Ushobora gukoresha imiti ubonye ibimenyetso nka :
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara y' ibidomo by' ikigina mu miteja ni ibi : Ibidomo bigaragara mbere ku mababi makuru . Ibidomo ku mababi bigira ibara ry' ikigina , ahinduka umuhondo uko ibidomo bigenda biba byinshi , nyuma akuma agahunguka . Imiteja ishobora gutangira kubora . Uko barwanya ibidomo by' ikigina mu miteja ; Koresha imbuto nziza yizewe . Hinga utabira ibisigazwa byose nyuma yo gusarura . Simbuza neza ibihingwa tugarure ibishyimbo aho bisaruwe . Guhungiza imbuto n' umuti wa Benlate ; Ushobora gukoresha imiti ubonye ibimenyesho nka : Difenoconazole , Carbendazim , Azoxystrobin . Mancozeb + copper , Chlorothalonil .
Ibimenyetso biranga kirabiranya yo mu miteja ; Ibishimbo byafashwe biragwingira bikiri bito . Amababi ahinduka umuhondo ahereye hasi nyuma igihingwa cyose kikuma . Umuzi muremure uratukura naho indi yo mu mpande ikanga gukura . Uko barwanya kirabiranya yo mu miteja ; Kora isimbura bihingwa rinoze wirinda gutera ibishyimbo aho bivuye . Kuvana ibisigazwa by' imyaka mu murima nyuma yo gusarura . Irinde ikigunda mu murima . Randura ibishyimbo byafashwe ; Tera imiteja mu butaka butareka amazi . Koresha imbuto nziza kandi yizewe . Tera imiti nka Carbendazim , Defeconazole .
Amoko y' imyembe yamamazwa mu Rwanda ni aya akurikiraMu Rwanda hari amoko agera kuri 16 ariko akunze kwamamazwa kubera ko yarangije gukorerwaho ubushakshatsi ni 6 : Tommy Atkins , Kent , Bire , Kent luwero , Zillate na Apple Mango .
Imyembe ikunda kwera ahantu hameze gutya : Imyembe ni igihingwa cyishima uduce dushyuha turangwa n' urunyurane rw' ibihe by' izuba n' imvura ; yera neza aho ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere ( oC ) 20 na 26 n' ubutumburuke bwa metero 1200 ; Aho imvura igwa ku kigereranyo kiri munsi ya milimetero 700 ku mwaka , uteganya kuvomerera . Kugirango imyembe ibashe kuzana ururabo n' imbuto nyinshi bisaba ko imara amezi atatu itabona amazi .
Gutegura ingemwe z' imyembe zizabangurwa : Guhumbika ibibuto bikorerwa mu butaka bwiza , buseseka , burimo ifumbire ihagije , kandi butari mu gishanga . Ibibuto biterwa ku mirongo byegeranye , bikarenzwaho agataka gake , bigatwikirizwa utwatsi duke hanyuma bikavomererwa kenshi igihe ari ngombwa . Ibibuto bimera mu byumweru bitatu igihe hatewe ikibuto bitonoye . Mu gihe hatewe ibibuto bidatonoye , bimera kugeza ku byumweru umunani . Gutera ibibuto bitonoye biba byiza cyane kuko haterwa ibyizewe ko ari bizima bidafite ibivumvuri imbere cyangwa ngo bibe byaraboze . Hategurwa ibihoho bishyirwamo itaka ryiza rivanze n' ifumbire kandi bipfumaguye .
Ubuhumbikiro cyangwa pipinyeri y' imyembe bwubakwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bikurikira : Ubugari bw' umutabo : metero 1 . 20 - na metero1 . 50 , Uburebure bw' umutabo : metero 10 - metero12 , Hagati y' umutabo n' undi : santimetero 80 - metero1 . 00 , Ibiti byo gushinga bigomba kuba bifite metero1 . 8 - metero 2 , Ucukura umwobo wa santimetero 50 z' ubujyakuzimu , Ushingamo bya biti ku buryo ubuhumbikiro buba bufite metero 1 . 30 kugera kuri metero 1 . 50 , Igomba kuba ifite ibiti , imbaho ( cyangwa imbabari ) ku mpande byo gutangira ibihoho , Igomba kuba kandi itwikiriye kugira ngo ugabanye izuba ( iyo sakaro ntigomba kuba igizwe n' ibyatsi bimera cyangwa bifite imbuto zimera ) .
Kubangurira imyembe bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Kubanguria bikorwa ku mezi 4 kugera ku mezi 6 nyuma yo kugemurwa mubihoho , urugemwe ruba rufite santimetero 30 kugera kuri santimetero 40 , rufite umubyimba ungana n' ikaramu . Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubangurira imyembe ariko ubukunze gukoreshwa ni uburyo bwo kubangurira ku mutwe , kuko ni bwo butanga ijanisha rinini mu gufata . Bikorwa bafata urugemwe babanguriraho bagakuraho umutwe bakatiye hagati y' ahoroshye n' ahakomeye , bagasatura ku mutwe hagati kugeza kuri santimetero 3 na santimetero4 . Nyuma y' aho babaza ( kugegena ) impande zombi agashami ko kubanguriza ( umubangurizo ) , bakakinjiza muri rwa rugemwe rwasatuwe , bagahambira n' agasashe gato ku buryo igikomere cyose gipfukwa . Iybi bikurikirwa no gupfuka ka gashami kabangurijwe hakoreshejwe ishashi ibonerana . Umubangurizo ukoreshwa ni umutwe cyangwa ishami by' igiti cy' umwembe w' ubwoko bwifuzwa ( butanga umusaruro mwiza , mwinshi kandi buryoha ) . Uwo mubangurizo mwiza uba ifite amaso 3 kugera kuri 4 , ifite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 6 kugera ku 10 .
Kwita ku ngemwe z' imyembe nyuma yo kuzibangurira : Nyuma y' ibyumweru bitatu umaze kubangurira , amababi yambere atangiye gupfundura , ishashi yatwikirijwe ka gashami ikurwaho . Ni ngombwa gukata buri gihe ibisambo bishibuka munsi yaho igitsindiro gitereye ku rugemwe rwabanguriweho . Urugemwe rumaze guhindura amababi icyatsi cyibitsi nirwo rukwiriye guterwa mumurima ; ruba rumaze amezi 2 kugeza ku mezi 3 rubanguriye . Ishashi yahambiriye kugisebe igomba gukurwaho kimaze gukira kugira ngo itanyunyuza urugyemwe uko rugenda rubyibuha .
Gutegura umurima wo gutera mo imyembe bikorwa bitya : Hinga umurima neza uvanemo urwiri . Ni ngombwa kubanza kugaragaza mu murima ahazaterwa ibiti by' imyembe , hagashingwa imambo . Cukura imyobo ya santimetero 60 kugera ku 100 impande na santimetero 60 kugera ku 100 ibujyakuzimu ( ibi bipimo bigenda bihinduka bitewe n' ubwoko bw' ubutaka ) . Igitaka cyohejuru gishirwa uruhande rumwe aricyo gisubiramo kivanze n' ifumbire , ibyo bigakorwa nibura icyumweru mbere yo gutera . Mu mwobo umwe hashyirwamo imborera ingana nibura n' ibase nigice ; Ku ngemwe zibanguriye , intera hagati y' igiti n' ikindi no hagat y' imirongo iba metero 5 iyo nta yindi myaka iteganya guterwamo cyangwa se metero 6 kugeza kuri metero 7 iyo uteganya guhingamo indi myaka . Imyembe iterwa mu ntangiriro y' imvura kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ugushyingo . Mu gutera igihoho kivanwaho hagasigara igitaka gikikije imizi kugirango ingemwe zifate neza .
Imirimo y' ingenzi yo kwita ku gihingwa cy' imyembe ni iyi ikurikira : Kubagara , Gusasira , Kuvomerera imyembe : Iyo imwembe imaze guterwa ni ngombwa kuwufata neza , uwubagarira . Biba byiza iyo bahingamo ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka nka desmodium . Ni ngombwa kuvomerera igihe ibiti bikiri bito mugiye cy' izuba . Gukata imyembe : Iyo umubangurizo wakoreshejwe mu kubangurira umaze gukura ku buryo ureshya na santimetero 40 umuhinzi awuca umutwe . Icyo gihe wa mubangurizo ushibuka amashami 3 kugera kuri 5 yageza kuri santimetero 40 nayo agacibwa imitwe kugirango ashibuke andi mato nayo yamara kureshya na santimetero 40 akongera agacibwa imitwe . Ibyo birakomeza kugeza umwembe umaze kureshya na metero 2 aho amashami agenda ashibuka ubwayo . Mu rwego rwo gufata neza igiti cy' umwembe , umuhinzi akuraho ibisambo , amashami agoramye n' ayumye ndetse nafite uburwayi butandukanye . Iri kata kandi rigabanya amashami kugira ngo urumuri rubone uko rwinjira neza mu bice byose by' igiti .
Ingano y' ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa ku giti kimwe cy' umwembe ku mwaka ( garama ) ni iyi ikurikira : Umwaka wa mbere hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 147 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 98 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 292 ; Umwaka wa 2 nuwa 3 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 294 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 196 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 250 ; Umwaka wa 4 nuwa 5 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 441 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 293 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 292 ; Umwaka wa 6 nuwa 7 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 588 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 391 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 458 ; Umwaka wa 8 nuwa 9 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 735 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 489 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 625 ; Umwaka wa 10 gukomeza hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 882 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 587 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) :
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' imyembe : Umusaruro wa mbere utangira kuboneka nyuma y' imyaka itatu igiti gitewe , ariko umusaruro ugenda uzamuka buri myaka , ku mwaka wa gatanu , imbuto zera ku giti zibarirwa hagati ya 200 kugeza kuri 500 ku mwaka , bitewe n' ubwoko . Umusaruro ushobora kugera kuri Toni 508 kuri ha . Bitewe n' ukuntu umwembe wafashwe mu murima , cyane uwukata amashami , ushobora kwera kabiri mu myaka , hagati ya Nyakanga na Kanama no hagati y' Ukuboza na Gashyantare .
Indwara y' AKARIBATA ( ANTRACHNOSE ) k' imyembe : Indwara y' AKARIBATA ( ANTRACHNOSE ) k' imyembe Kabamo amoko abiri : akaribata ( Antrachnose ) : akaribata kumbuto , akaribata ku mashami no ku mababi ; Ibimenyetso biranga akaribata ( Antrachnose ) k' imyembe ; Iyi ndwara itera ibidomo / kubabuka ku mababi , kuma kw' imitwe y' ibishibu , kubabuka kw' ururabo no kubora kw' imbuto . Ibidomo bigaragara mwibara ry' ikigina kumababi no kumashami aho amababi mato ariyo yibasirwa n' uburwayi cyane ; Ku rurabo , utudomo duto tw' umukara tugenda twiyongera kugeza duhuye tukica ururabo rugahubguka . Ku mbuto , iyi ndwara irangwa n' ibidomo by' umukara byinjiye mu gishishwa bishobora gukira bigasiga inkovu . Iyo nkovu ishobora kuba intangiriro yo gusaduka k' urubuto igihe ubutaka bwabonye amazi menshi .
Uko birinda indwara y' akaribata ( Antrachnose ) mu myembe bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira :
Kurwanya indwara y' akaribata ( Antrachnose ) ku myembe bikorwa mu buryo : Gutera imiti nka Carbendazim ( Rodazim ) , Copper hydroxide , Copper oxychloride , na Chlorothalonil uyisimburanya . Ni byiza gutangira gutera imiti igihe ururabo rwenda kuza , mu gihe hashibuka udushami duto , igihe cy' ururabo , kugeza igihe imbuto ziba zikuze .
Indwara y' uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew ) ku myembe ishobobora kugaragara kumababi , k' ururabo no ku mbuto z' umwembe ; Ibimenyetso biranga uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew ) ku myembe ; Iyi ndwara irangwa n' uruhumbu rw' umweru ku mababi , indabo n' imbuto zikiri ntoya . Indabo zafashwe zirahunguka , Amababi mato niyo yibasirwa n' uruhumbu rw' umweru cyane munsi y' amababi , Imbuto ntoya zafashwe n' uruhumbu zirahonga zigahunguka , Ku mbuto nkuru , igishihswa kirangirika kigasaduka mugihe ubutaka bufite amazi menshi .
Uko birinda uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew ) ku myembe :
kurwanya uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew ) ku myembe bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gutera imiti irimo sufure ( Thiovit / Thiogil ) , uyisimburanya , Chlorothalonil na Copper hydroxide / oxychloride , Gutera umuti bitangira igihe harimo gushibuka amababi mashya mbere yo kurabya , bigakomeza mu gihe cy' ururabo ; Ibipimo by' imiti ikoreshwa mu kurwanya uruhumbu rw' umweru mu myembe muri 20L z' amazi ; Thiovit garama 50 kugera kuri 60 , Chlorothalonil garama 30 kugera kuri 40g na Copper hydroxide / oxychloride garama 40 kugera kuri 60 ;
Ibimenyetso biranga isazi ( fruit fly ) mu myembe ni ibi bikurikira : Isazi zo mu bwoko bwa Bacterocera na Ceratitis spp zitera amagi mu gishishwa cy' urubuto , ariyo avamo inyo zangiza imbuto zenda guhisha , Ibi bituma habaho amarira ku rubuto asohoka aho isazi yakomerecyeje itera amagi , hakaba hagaragazwa n' ibara ry' ibihogo cyangwa umutuku . Ya magi yatewe yituragamo inyo imbere mu mubiri w' urubuto maze izo nyo zigatangira kujya mo imbere mu gihe urubuto ruba rukigaragara nk' aho ari ruzima inyuma . Iyo urubuto rukaswe , ubasha kubona utuyira twijimye mu mubiri w' urubuto n' inyo zitemberamo . Imbuto zafashwe ziguma ku giti ariko zibora nyuma zikagwa hasi . Amasazi yangiza izi mbuto asa nk' utuvubi duto dufite amabara y' umuhondo n' ikigina .
Kugirango wirinde isazi mu myembe ukorea ibi bikurikira : Gusarura imbuto mbere yo guhishiriza ku giti ; Gutoragura imbuto zahungutse ku giti buri cyumweru zigatabwa , Guhinga ubutaka bwo hejuru nka santimetero 5 kugerea ku 10 mu murima w' imyembe mu mezi ya Nyakanga - Nzeri na Mutarama - Gashyantare bituma ibyana by' isazi biri mu butaka bijya hejuru bityo bikaribwa n' ibindi bisimba cyangwa bikicwa n' izuba , Gukoresha imitego ifata ayo masazi , igahora mu murima igihe cyose , Hashyirwa imitego 10 kugerea kuri 12 kuri hegitai , imanitse ku bujyejuru bwa metero 1 - kugera kuri 1 . 5 uvuye ku butaka kandi itandukanijwe na metero 25 kuva mutego ujya k' uwundi .
kurwanya isazi ( fruit fly ) mu myembe bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira :
IKIVUMVURI CY ' URUBUTO RW ' UMWEMBE ni icyonnyi cy' umwembe giteye mu buryo bukurikira : Ibimenyetso Ibiranga ikivumvuri cy' urubuto rw' umwembe ; Ikivumvuri ni agasimba kajya kumera nk' igishorobwa ; Ibivumvuri rero nibyo bitera amagi ku mbuto iyo zikiri ntoya cyane , noneho urunyo ruvuye muri yamagi rwinjira mu rubuto rukajya mu kibuto kitarazengurukwa n' igishishwa kibamo . Kemanya ko ikivumvuri cyangije imbuto ntabwo wabimenya kugeza imbuto zikuze ziri guhisha aho gitobora umwenge kuva mukibuto zimaze gukura gato biragora kubimenya kuko bitagaragara inyuma ku ruhu rw' urubuto . Iyo kimaze gukura , kivamo ari uko imbuto ziguye hasi cyangwa se zimaze guhisha kikahaca umwe ; Ibimeneyetso bw' iki cyonnyi bigaragra cyane imbere mu rubuto aho gikurira kuva ku runnyo kugeza kibaye ikivuvumvuri . Ibimeneyetso bw' iki cyonnyi bigaragra cyane imbere mu rubuto aho gikurira kuva ku runnyo kugeza kibaye ikivuvumvuri .
Uko birinda ikivumvuri cy' urubuto rw' umwembe : Guhinga buri gihe ahazengurutse ibiti nyuma yo gusarura , kugirango ibi byonnyi biri mu butaka bijye hejuru aho ibindi bisimba bibibona bikabirya .
kurwanya ikivumvuri cy' urubuto rw' umwembe bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gutera imiti nka acetameprid , Aster extrim usimburanya na lambda cyhalothrin mu gihe cyo kuzana ururabo , ugatera byibuze inshuro ebyiri ku ntera y' iminsi 15 . Ibipimo by' imiti ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ikivumvuri cy' urubuto rw' umwembe muri 20L z' amazi ; Acetameprid mililitiro 5 kugera ku 10 , Lambdacyhalothrin mililitiro 15 kugera kuri 20 , Deltamethrin mililitiro 15 kugera kuri 20 , Abamectin mililitiro 10 .
Mu Rwanda Ubu hari amoko 34 y' avoka ; ariko ashobora kwera ahantu hose ni atatu : Hass , Fuerte na Ettinger .
Mu Rwanda Avoka ihingwa ahantu hari ubutaka bufite isi ndende , buhitisha umwuka , bufite ifumbire ihagije , bufata amazi ariko ntarekemo , kuko yatuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma . Ubusharire ( pH ) buri hagati ya 5 . 5 - 6 . 5 , ubutumburuke bugera kuri metero 2500 , ibi bikaba bigaragaza ukuntu avoka ishobora kwera ahantu henshihatandukanye . Ikunda ahantu hagwa imvura iringaniye milimetero 1250 kugera ku 1750 mu mwaka , ariko ntigomba kuba munsi ya milimetero 750 . Kugira ngo ikure neza kandi itange umusaruro uhagije , ubushyuhe bukenewe ni dogere za selesiyusi 16 na 30 .
Ingemwe za avoka zo gutera zitegurwa mu buryo bukurikira : Habanza gutoranya ibiti bifite avoka zeze neza kandi zidafite indwara . Ibibitu bikurwa muri avoka zihanuwe ku biti : si byiza gukoresha ibibuto byatoraguwe kuko biba bifite uburwayi . Guhumbika bikorerwa mu butaka bwiza , buseseka , burimo ifumbire ihagije , kandi butari mu gishanga . Ubuhumbikiro burubakirwa , bugasakarwa , bagatera ibibuto mu mirongo . Umurongo n' undi itandukanwa na santimetero 10 , mu murongo ibibuto biba byegeranye , twikirizaho agataka gake n' utwatsi duke hanyuma bikavomererwa kenshimigihe cyose imvura itagwa . Nyuma y' ukwezi n' igice kugeza kuri abiri , ibibuto biri mu buhumbikiro biba bimaze kumera . Icyo gihe umumero uba ureshya na santimetero 5 kugera ku 10 kandi uba ugifashe ku bibuto . Urandura ikibuto cyameze , ugakata umuzi kuri santimetero 3 kugera kuri 5 uvuye ku kibuto kugirango izamereho indi mizi , ukagishyira mu gihoho cya plastiki gipfumaguye cyuzuye igitaka rivanze n' ifumbire . Bakoresha ibihoho bya santimetero 20 kuri 20 , kuko bifata umwanya muto muri pepiniyeri kandi bikagabanya akazi . Ibihoho biterekwa ku murongo , muri pepiniyeri itwikiriye . Ingemwe zitabwaho , uvomerera iyo imvura itaguye .
Ubuhumbikiro cyangwa pipinyeri ya avoka bwubakwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bikurikiraUbugari bw' umutabo : hagati ya metero 1 . 20 kugera kuri 1 . 50 , Uburebure bw' umutabo : hagati ya metero 10 kugera kuri 12 , Hagati y' umutabo n' undi : santimetero 80 kugera kuri metero 1 , Ibiti byo gushinga bigomba kuba bifite metero 1 . 8 kugera kuri metero 2 . Ucukura umwobo wa santimetero 50 z' ubujyakuzimu , Ushingamo bya biti ku buryo ubuhumbikiro buba bufite metero 1 . 30 kugera kuri metero 1 . 50 , Igomba kuba ifite ibiti , imbaho ( cyangwa imbabari ) ku mpande byo gutangira ibihoho , Igomba kuba kandi itwikiriye kugira ngo ugabanye izuba ( iyo sakaro ntigomba kuba igizwe n' ibyatsi bimera cyangwa bifite imbuto zimera ) .
Kubanguria bikorwa ku mezi 2 n' amezi 3 nyuma yo kugemurwa mubihoho , urugemwe ruba rufite santimetero 20 kugera kuri santimetero 30 , rufite umubyimba ungana n' ikaramu . Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubangurira imyembe ariko ubukunze gukoreshwa ni uburyo bwo kubangurira ku mutwe , kuko ni bwo butanga ijanisha rinini mu gufata . Bikorwa bafata urugemwe babanguriraho bagakuraho umutwe bakatiye hagati y' ahoroshye n' ahakomeye , bagasatura ku mutwe hagati kugeza kuri santimetero 3 na santimetero 4 . Nyuma y' aho babaza ( kugegena ) impande zombi agashami ko kubanguriza ( umubangurizo ) , bakakinjiza muri rwa rugemwe rwasatuwe , bagahambira n' agasashe gato kuburyo igikomere cyose gipfukwa . Iybi bikurikirwa no gupfuka ka gashami kabangurijwe hakoreshejwe ishashi ibonerana . Umubangurizo ukoreshwa ni umutwe cyangwa ishami by' igiti cy' avoka y' ubwoko bwifuzwa ( butanga umusaruro mwiza , mwinshi kandi buryoha ) . Uwo mubangurizo mwiza uba ifite amaso 3 kugeza kuri 4 , ifite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 6 kugera 10 .
Kwita ku ngemwe za avoka nyuma yo kubangurira bikorwa mu buryo bukurikiraNyuma y' ibyumweru bitatu umaze kubangurira , amababi yambere atangiye gupfundura , ishashi yatwikirijwe ka gashami ikurwaho . Ni ngombwa gukata buri gihe ibisambo bishibuka munsi yaho igitsindiro gitereye ku rugemwe rwabanguriweho . Urugemwe rumaze guhindura amababi icyatsi kibisi nirwo rukwiriye guterwa mumurima ; ruba rumaze amezi 2 - 3 rubanguriye . Ishashi yahambiriye aho babanguririye igomba gukurwaho hamaze gukira kugira ngo itanyunyuza urugyemwe uko rugenda rubyibuha .
Gutegura umurima wa avoka no gutera avoka bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Hinga umurima neza uvanemo urwiri . Ni ngombwa kubanza kugaragaza mu murima ahazaterwa ibiti by' avoka , hagashingwa imambo . Cukura imyobo ya santimetero 60 kugera ku 100 impande na santimetero 60 kugera ku 100 ibujyakuzimu ( ibi bipimo bigenda bihinduka bitewe n' ubwoko bw' ubutaka ) . Igitaka cyohejuru gishirwa uruhande rumwe aricyo gisubiramo kivanze n' ifumbire , ibyo bigakorwa nibura icyumweru mbere yo gutera . Mu mwobo umwe hashyirwamo imborera ingana nibura n' ibase nigice ; Ku ngemwe zibanguriye , intera hagati y' igiti n' ikindi no hagati y' imirongo iba metero 5 iyo nta yindi myaka iteganya guterwamo cyangwa se metero 6 kugeza kuri metero 7 iyo uteganya guhingamo indi myaka . Avoka ziterwa mu ntangiriro y' imvura kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ugushyingo . Mu gutera igihoho kivanwaho hagasigara igitaka gikikije imizi kugirango ingemwe zifate neza .
INGANO Y ' IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA IKORESHWA KUGITI CY ' AVOKA KU MWAKA , Inbaze mu magarama ; umwaka wa mbere hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 133 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 42 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : 87 ; Umwaka wa 2 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 266 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 84 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 175 ; umwaka wa 3 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 399 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 127 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 304 ; umwaka wa 4 - 5 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 598 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 144 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 331 ; Umwaka wa 6 - 7 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 798 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 192 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 441 ; umwaka wa 8 - 9 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 997 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 240 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 551 ; umwaka wa 10 - 12 hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 1 , 196 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 288 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) : garama 661 ; umyaka ikurikiyeho hajyaho ifumbire mvaruganda zikurikira : Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) : garama 1 , 196 ; Ifumbire ya ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) : garama 471 ; Ifumbire ya KCl ( 0 - 0 - 60 ) :