C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Avoka ifumbirwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gushyira ifumbire n' itaka mu mwobo ku buryo bukurikira : habanza ifumbire mu mwobo kugeza kuri santimetero 30 z' ubuhagarike , hagakurikiraho itaka izindi santimetero 30 z' ubuhagarike , hakongerwamo ifumbire kuri santimetero 20 z' ubuhagarike , hagasoza itaka ryiza kuri santimetero zisigaye 20 . Ubundi buryo bushobora gukoreshwa ni ukuvanga ifumbire n' itaka mbere yo kurisubiza mu mwobo , ushyiramo ibiro 50 kugera kuri 70 by' ifumbire y' imborera . Ibi biba bigomba gukorwa nibura ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera . Ibiti by' imbuto ziribwa bikenera ifumbire , cyane cyane ifumbire y' imborera ; dushyiraho ibiro 50 kugera ku biro 70 ku giti buri mwaka ; tugashyiraho amagarama 500 ya NPK 17 17 17 ku giti ku mwaka . Kuva ku mwaka wa gatatu kuzamura hashyirwaho amagarama 1000 ya NPK 17 17 17 ku mwaka .
GUTERA AVOKA : Igihe kiza cyo gutera avoka ni mu muhindo hagati y' Ukwakira n' Ukuboza . Ingemwe zibanguriye ziterwa zimaze igihe cyiri hagati y' amezi 8 na 10 muri pepiniyeri . Icyo gihe ziba zimaze gufata neza . Gufata urugemwe rwawe , ugakuraho igihoho , uranduraurumambo rushinze mu mwobo , cukura akobo ka santimetero 30 ugaterekamo rwa rugemwe rwawe warangiza ugasibanganya neza .
GUFATA NEZA AVOKA MU MURIMA bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Mu rwego rwo gufata neza igiti cy' avoka kibanguriye , umuhinzi akuraho ibisambo , amashami ashaje , ayumye , ayavunitse n' ari hasi cyane ; uku gukata bikorwa nyuma yo gusarura . Gusazura Bikorwa iyo igiti kimaze gusaza , umusaruro utangiye kugabanuka ; bakatira kuri santimetero 25 baturutse aho babanguririye , igiti kikongera kigashibuka .
Ibimenyetso by' Indwara yo Kubora kw' imizi ( Avocado root rot ) ni ibi bikurikira : Mu butaka burekamo amazi , avoka ishobora gufatwa n' ako gahumyo , ku myaka iyo ariyo yose igiti cyaba gifite . Ibiti byafashwe bitangira gutakaza ubuzima , bigahunguka amababi kandi ntibigire umusaruro bitanga . Amababi ahindura ibara akeruruka kandi akaraba , amashami agenda asa n' ababurwa n' izuba akagenda yuma buhoro buhoro . Imizi igenda ihinduka umukara ikabora , hanyuma igiti kikuma imburagihe ; Kurwanya Indwara yo Kubora kw' imizi ( Avocado root rot ) bikorwa gutya :
Ibimenyetso by' Indwara ya Antarakinose , Akaribata ya avoka ; Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa colletotricum gloeosporiodes . Amababi niyo akunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso aho usanga hazaho ibibara by' ibihogo , nyuma agahunguka , igiti kigasigara kimeze nk' icyakokotse . Iyo igiti cyafashwe bikabije , imbuto zikiri nto zirahunguka . Iyo imbuto zifashwe zimaze gukura , ako gahumyo kagumamo kihishe kugeza igihe urubuto ruzahira . Ni indwara iza na nyuma yo gusarura . Ubu burwayi bugaragazwa n' ibidomo byinjiyemo kandi hagasa n' ahaboze , ubwo bubore bushobora no kwinjiramo cyane imbere mu gice kiribwa cya avoka . Ako gahumyo gakunda kwibera ku bisambo , imbuto zaguye zikabora cyangwa se ibibabi byaguye . Kurwanya Indwara ya Antarakinose , Akaribata ya avoka ; Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira cyane mu gihe cy' imvura , Gutera imbuto zifite agahumyo gatera iyi ndwara , Kubangurira avoka bakoresheje udushami dufite iyi ndwara ; Gukora isuku mu murima , kugabanya amashami no gukuraho ibisambo ku giti kugirango urumuri rwinjiremo neza , Kuvanaho imbuto zaguye ; Gukoresha ingemwe zitarwaye , Gutera imiti irwanya uduhumyo nka Copper oxychloride / hydroxide , carbendazim , chlorothalonil , Benomyl , Mancozeb , Metiram , Propineb , Thiabendazole cyangwa Triforine .
Ibimenyetso by' Indwara y' Amaga ( Scab ) ya avoka ni ibi : Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa sphaceloma perceae . Aka gahumyo gafata amababi akiri mato , ibisambo n' imbuto . Imbuto zafashwe zigira ibibara ku ruhu bimeze nk' uduheri cyangwa amagaragamba afite ; ibara ry' igihogo byerurutse bifite ishusho y' uruziga . Ku mababi usanga ariho byiganje cyane ; ku gice cyo hejuru cy' ikibabi kandi bikibanda ku mitsi y' ikibabi . Igishishwa cy' imbuto kirasatagurika , aho gisatuye hakabora . Ifata cyane ubwoko bufite igishishwa gito cyoroshye . Kurwanya Indwara y' Amaga ( Scab ) ya avoka bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gukora isuku mu murima , kugabanya amashami no gukuraho ibisambo ku giti kugirango urumuri rwinjiremo neza , Gukura mu murima imbuto za avoka zaguye hasi , Gutera imiti irwanya uduhumyo nka Copper oxychloride / hydroxide , carbendazim cyangwa chlorothalonil .
Ibimenyetso by' Indwara y' Ibidomo bya serikosiporiose ya avoka ; Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa sphaceloma purpurae . Iyi ndwara ni ikibazo ku bwiza bw' imbuto . Gukara kw' iyi ndwara kugenda gutandukana bitewe n' igihembwe cy' ihinga , kandi ishobora gutuma umusaruro ugabanuka kugeza kuri 60 % . Aka gahumyo kayitera gakunze gufata ku mbuto ndetse n' amababi , imbuto zafashwe zigira ibibara bisa n' umuhondo cyangwa ibihogo ku ruhu rw' imbuto no ku mababi Nyuma ibyo bidomo bigenda bihinduka bijya kuba ibihogo byegera umutuku , bigakomera kandi bigasatagurika . Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira cyane mu gihe cy' imvura cyangwa hariho ubuhehere bwinshi mu murima uteyemo avoka . Kurwanya Indwara y' Ibidomo bya serikosiporioseya avoka bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira :
Ibimenyetso by' Indwara yaTiripusi ya avoka ; Tiripusi zikuze zikunda gufata avoka zijya gusa n' ikigina kijimye cyangwa umukara , naho izikiri nto ziba ari umuhondo . Izi tiripusi zikwirakwizwa n' ibikoresho by' umuhinzi ndetse n' imyambaro . Akenshi tiripusi zangiza igihingwa mu gihe cy' izuba aho zitera amagi ku mababi avamo ibishorobwa birya amababi agasigara abonerana . Tiripusi ishobora gukwirakwiza virus yitwa tospovirus ituma amababi yeruruka hanyuma akuma . Tiripusi zikunze kugaragara ku mitwe y' udushami , mu rurabo no ku duteja . UBuryo bwo kurwanya Indwara ya Tiripusi ya avoka : Kugenzura umurima ku buryo buhoraho , Kubagara umurima hakurwamo ibyatsi bibi , Gusiga intera ihagije hagati y' ibihingwa , Gukoresha imiti ikomoka ku bimera ( Urugero : Urusenda , itabi , pyrethrum , … ) Gutera imiti nka :
Kawa yera Mu Ntara zose z' u Rwanda no mu turere twose two mu gihugu . Intara zifite amakawa menshi ni Intara y' Iburengerazuba , y' Amajyepfo , n' iy' iburasirazuba . Uturere 6 dufite amakawa menshi ni Nyamasheke , Rutsiro , Rusizi , Gatsibo , Ngoma na Kirehe .
Igihingwa cya kawa cyera ku butaka bwiza , burebure , buhehereye kandi budakomeye cyane .
Amoko yamamazwa ya kawa ni aya akurikira :
Aho ingemwe za Kawa ziboneka : Ingemwe za Kawa zitegurwa n' inganda zitunganya umusaruro wa Kawa ( Coffee Washing Station ) zigahabwa abahinzi muri zone bakoreramo .
Gutegura ubuhumbikiro / Pepiniyeri bwa kawa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Bahumbika imbuto mu kwezi k' Ukwakira n' Ugushyingo kandi ikiro kimwe cy' imbuto itanga ingemwe ziri hagati ya 2500 na 3000 . Ubuhumbikiro bushyirwa aho buzashobora kuvomererwa ku buryo bworoshye kandi bugatwikirwa . Ingemwe zigemurirwa mu bihoho ( birimo itaka ryiza n' ifumbire ) nyuma y' amezi 3 cyangwa 4 , nyuma zikavomererwa buri gihe , zikamaramo amezi 8 .
Imirimo ikorwa mu gutegura umurima wo guhingwamo ni iyi ikurikira : guhinga , kurwanya isuri , gucukura imyobo ya santimetero 60 z' ubugari kuri santimetero 60 z' uburebure na santimetero 60 z' ubujyakuzimu .
Gutera ingemwe za kawa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Haterwa ingemwe 2500 kuri Hegitari 1 hagakoreshwa ibipimo bya metero 2 hagati y' umurongo n' undi na metero 2 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi ku murongo 1 . Batera kava mu kwezi k' Ukwakira n' Ugushyingo naho gusimbura ingemwe zapfuye bigakorwa muri Werurwe .
Gufata neza kawa mu mirima bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gufumbira : Hari uburyo bukurikira bwo gufumbira kawa : Bashyira ibiro 15 kugera kuri 20 z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza kuri buri giti , imvura igitangira kugwa muri Werurwe na Nzeri . Iyi fumbire y' imborera ninayo ikoreshwa mugutera ingemwe za kawa . Ikawa bayifumbiza garama 100 za NPK 22 . 6 . 12 + 3S mu byiciro bibiri ku giti gikuze : imvura igitangira kugwa Werurwe na Nzeri . Mu butaka bushariye cyane , ni ngombwa ko umuhinzi ashyiramo hagati ya garama 200 na 300 y' ishwagara ku giti buri myaka itatu bitewe n' ingano y' ubusharire ; Ishwagara iterwa mu gihe cy' izuba mu mezi ya Nyakanga na kanama ; Ni ngombwa kandi gutera mu gipimo cya kawa ibiti ndumburabutaka .
Imirimo yo Kubagara no gusasira kawa ikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ni ngombwa kubagara uvanamo ibyatsi , ubagaza intoke munsi y' igiti kugirango udakomeretsa imizi ya kawa ; Mu gusasira Kawa umuhinzi ashobora gukoresha isaso ibora nk' umukenke , Temeda , Terebusakumu , ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa akirinda kwegereza isaso igiti . Usasira utambitse isaso kugirango izafashe kurwanya isuri mu gipimo cyawe cya kawa .
Gukata Kawa bikorwa bitya : Hari uburyo butatu bwo gukata kawa : a . kugonda kawa : ikawa ziba zimaze amezi 10 zitewe hagamijwe kuzatereka amashami 3 kuri buri giti . Iryo kata baryita : ikata ryo kurera . b . ikata ryongera umusaruro : Buri mwaka , amashami yo hasi atacyera , ayumye , asobekeranye n' ibisambo , ayo yose agomba gukatwa . c . ikata ryo gusazura igipimo : bikorwa nyuma y' imyaka 5 cyangwa 7 kawa itanga umusaruro . Ku mwaka wa mbere batema ibiti 2 nyuma y' isarura muri Nyakanga na Kanama , hagasigara kimwe ; ku mwaka wa kabiri w' iryo kata , batema igiti cya 3 cyari gisigaye . Ibyo biti bitemwa bamaze kongera gutoranya ibishibu 3 byiza bifite santimetero 50 . d . Gusimbura kawa ishaje ; Iyo igiti cya kawa kimaze imyaka 30 gisarurwa kiba gishaje , kirarandurwa hagaterwa igiti gishya cya kawa . Igipimo cya kawa gishobora gusimbuza mu gihe cy' imyaka ine umuhinzi asimbuza 25 % by' ibiti afite kugirango akomeze abone umusaruro .
KURWANYA IBYONNYI BY ' AGASURIRA MURI KAWA ; Agasurira ni agasimba gafite amabara y' umuhondo , umukara n' umweru ku nda no ku mugongo , kakagira amahembe n' amaguru bijya kuba umuhondo . Iyo ako gasimba ukiciye ku rutoki karanuka . Agasurira gakunze kuba ahantu hihishe , nko mu mababi menshi , munsi y' amababi nohagati y' imbuto nyinshi z' ikawa . Ako gasimba kandi gakunze gutera amagi munsi y' ikibabi cya Kawa . Uko agasurira kangiza kawa : Agasurira konona kawa gashinga umugobora wako mu ruteja rukiri igitumbwe maze kakanyunyuza amazi bityo ntirushobora gukomera neza . Ibitumbwe byariwe n' agasurira bitakaza ubuziranenge bwabyo kuko bihinduka ibihuhwe , ibi bikagaragara iyo bigeze mu nganda aho babitunganyiriza ; Uretse uruteja , udusurira twangiza amababi akiri mato , imitwe y' amashami n' ururabyo . Ibyo na byo bituma kawa ikura nabi igiti kikazana amababi akonjamye kandi akaba menshi kandi mabi , ururabyo rukaba ruke n' utubuto tujeho , utwo dusimba tukaturya maze umusaruro ukagabanuka .
Mu kurwanya agasurira ( Antestiopsis spp ) muri kawa , umuhinzi akora ibi bikurikira : Gufata neza umurima ; Gukata kawa kugirango urumuri rwiyongere mu giti , agasurira kabure aho kihisha , kandi bitume imiti ikwirakwira neza mu mashami . Gutoragura udusurira n' amagi yatwo bikicirwa kure y' umurima ; Kwirinda kwica udusimba turya agasurira mu mirima ( inshuti z' abahinzi ) , nk' uruvu , amavubi , urutambara ) Gutera imiti ; Mbere yo gutera umuti uwo ari wose , umuhinzi asabwa kubanza kugisha inama ababishinzwe ( abagoronome ) kuko imiti yica agasurira igenda isimburana . Imiti irigukukoreshwa : Alphacypermethrin 100 EC : Uwo muti ugomba guterwa ku gihe mu mezi y' Ukwakira n' Ugushyingo kandi hamwe . Bavanga mililitiro enye n' igice z' umuti na litiro 15 z' amazi maze iyo mvange igaterwa ku biti hagati ya 40 na 45 . Pyrethrins ( AgropyEWC Plus : Igihe ni kimwe n' igihe baterera alphacypermethrin . Bavanga mililitiro 22 . 5 z' umuti na litiro 15 z' amazi maze iyo mvange igaterwa kubiti 40 .
Imungu y' ibitumbwe bya Kawa : Mu Rwanda , icyo cyonnyi cyibasiye intara y' Iburengerazuba cyane cyaneku nkengero y' ikiyaga cya Kivu . Imungu ifite ibara ry' umukara , itera amagi mubitumbwe yinjiriye ku mutwe w' igitumbwe cya kawa ( apex ) . Inyo ziturazwe mu magi zitungwa n' igitumbwe hagasigara ibishishwa gusa ( parchment ) . Imungu y' ikawa ituma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi ugatakaza ubwiza bwawo bityo bigahombya umuhinzi . Uburyo bwo kurwanya imungu ya Kawa ( coffee berry borer ) , umuhinzi wa kawa asabwa gukora ibi bikurikira : Gusura umurima buri gihe ureba niba hari utwobo dutoya tw' umukara twiburungushuye turi ku mitwe y' ibitumbwe by' ikawa cyangwa utuvumvuri dutoya tw' umukara turi mu twobo ; Gusoroma ibitumbwe byose byafashwe n' imungu bigacanirwa mu mazi hanyuma bigatabwa kure y' umurima kugirango uhagarike gukwirakwira kw' imungu z' ikawa ; Gusarura kawa zose z' imburagihe kugirango zidakomeza kuba indiri y' imungu mu murima wa Kawa ;
Inkangabashi n' ibivumvuri muri kawa :
Dore ibiranga Inkangabashi y' umweru muri kawa : Yoroshye kuyibona , ifite ibara ry' umweru ku makote yayo . Itera amagi ku nsibo y' igiti cya kawa kitakorewe isuku , cyiriho insharankima , hagati y' iminsi 10 na 12 amagi yituragamo utunyo twumweru tugatangira guharagata igishishwa cy' igiti tukinjira imbere mu giti . Iki gishorobwa cyangiza gihereye imbere mu nsibo y' igiti cya kawa , kikangiza imizi y' ikawa igiti kigahita cyuma . Urunnyo ( igishorobwa ) kugirango ruhinduke inkangabashi bimara amezi 9 kugera kuri 12 , muri icyo gihe cyose rwangiza igiti cya kawa imbere mu ruti rukajya rusohora ifu imeze nk' ibarizo hanze ikagwa ku butaka . Iyo rwabaye inkangabashi , icukura umwobo wa santimetero 1 igasohoka igakomeza kuzunguruka mu gipimo cya kawa itera amagi .
Ibimenyetso by' inkangabarashi ku giti cya kawa : Yoroshye kuyibona , igira ibara rya orange ( fanta ya orange ) , itera amagi ku giti cya kawa maze utunyo tuvuyemo tukazamuka igiti dushakisha ahoroshye twakwinjirira . Twinjirira hejuru ku gashami kakiri gato koroshye gupfumura , kakarya igiti kamanuka mu ntimatima . Utwobo duto cyane kandi twinshi tugaragara kuruti rw' ikawa uva hejuru ujya hasi ku nsibo . Ifu imeze nk' ibarizo uyisanga hasi hafi y' igiti . Ikivumvuri : Gicukura umwobo ucuramye ku ruti rwa kawa hejuru ya santimetero 50 kikajyenda kizamuka mu ruti , iyo bicukuye bihungurira hasi ibisigazwa bimeze nk' ibarizo . Ku bindi bimenyetso , ibivumvuri kimwe n' inkangabashi zombi bituma amababi y' igiti aba umuhondo ndetse akagwa hasi uretse ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora no guterwa n' ibindi bibazo .
Kurwanya inkangabashi n' ibivumvuri ( Stem borer ) : Kubirwanya harimo akazi katoroshye ariko icyiza ni ugufata neza igiti kuko ibi byonnyi bikunze kwibasira ibiti bishaje . Isuku ku giti : Gukura insharankima ku giti ukoresheje igikoresho cyidakomeretsa nk' imbagara , umufuka cyangwa umwenda ukomeye kugirango inkangabashi zibure aho zitera amagi . Gufumbira nezahakoreshejwe imborera n' imvaruganda bihagije kandi ku gihe byongerera ikawa imbaraga kandi bigatuma itangizwa cyane n' igishorobwa cy' ikawa ; Gusazura ibiti bishaje ; Gushyira ipamba mu muti wa Alphacypermetrin cyangwa Pyrethrins ugashyira mu mwobo wacunkuwe nako gakoko ukoresheje agati cyangwa urusinga .
Indwara y' Akaribata muri kawa : ni indwara iterwa n' udukoko duto cyane twitwa « Colletotricum coffeanum » . Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' akaribata : Imbuto zigaragaraho amabara ahombanye aho yafashe , zikagera n' ubwo zibora cyangwa zigahinduka umukara . Amababi y' igiti cyafashwe amera nk' ayababutse , ururabo n' intete bikumira ku giti ndetse rimwe na rimwe n' amashami akuma imitwe . Iyo ndwara yiyongera cyane mu bihe by' imvura .
UBuryo bwo Kwirinda no Kurwanya indwara y' Akaribata muri kawa : Gufata neza umurima wa Kawa kuzibagarira , kuzisasira , kuzifumbira no kuzikata ku gihe . Gutera umuti wa Oxychlorure de cuivre inshuro 7 kugeza kuri 14 bitewe n' ubwinshi bw' imvura . Haterwa garama 140 bavanga na litiro 20 z' amazi batera ibiti hafi 25 bakagenda birenza iminsi 15 . Batera umuti mu mezi ya Nzeli , Ukwakira , Ugushyingo , Ukuboza , Gashyantare iyo imvura yatangiye kugwa no muri Werurwe , Mata na Gicurasi iyo imvura ikigwa . Gutera umuti wa Pyraclostrobin ( Cabrio 250EC ) : mililitiro 6 / 15 mililitiro z' amazi ziterwa ku biti 40 .
Indwara y' Umugese muri kawa iterwa n' uduhumyo duto cyane bita Hemileia vastatrix . Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' umugese muri kawa ; Ku ruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi hazaho ifu y' umuhondo imeze nk' agakungugu gasa n' icunga rihiye . Ikunze kuboneka mu gihe cy' ubushyuhe , cyane cyane mu mpera z' itumba no mu ntangiriro z' impeshyi . Uburyo bwo Kwirinda no Kurwanya indwara y' umugese ; Ni ngombwa gutera ubwoko bwihanganira indwara y' umugese nka RAB C15 ; Gufata neza kawa mu murima ( kuzibagarira , kuzisasira , kuzifumbira no kuzikata ) Gutera ibiti bitanga igicucu mu murima wa Kawa ; Gutera umuti wa Oxychlorure de cuivre : garama 70 bavanga na litiro 20 z' amazi bagatera ku biti hafi 25 . batera 1 mu kwezi , batangira gutera mu kwezi kwa Nzeri , bagakomeza mu kwezi kwa Nzeri , bagakomeza mu Ukwakira , Ugushyingo , Ukuboza , Gashyantare , iyo imvura igwa Werurwe , Mata na Gicurasi . Gutera umuti wa Pyraclostrobin ( Cabrio 250EC ) :
Indwara ya Gikongoro " Die - Back " iterwa n' umukeno . Ikunze gufata kawa ziteye ku butaka bubi , izidakoreye neza ndetse na Kawa itarabonye ifumbire ihagije . Ibimenyetso by' indwara ya Gikongoro ( Dieback ) Uyibwirwa n' uko imbuto zihisha imburagihe ( guhinduka umuhondo ) maze zikirabura , zikumira ku giti . Amashami na yo arirabura akuma ahereye ku mitwe . Kwirinda no kurwanya indwara ya Gikongoro ( DieBack ) : Ikawa igomba kurindwa umukeno hakorwa imirimo ikurikira :
UBuryo bwo Gusarura Kawa ni ubu : Kawa isarurwa ni ihishije neza , ifite ibara ritukura , kawa idahishije cyangwa yarengeranye yangiza ubwiza bwa kawa . Umuhinzi asoromera mu bikoresho bifite isuku agashyira mu mifuka ifite isuku kandi itaravuyemo ifumbire akagemura ku ruganda rutonora kawa mu gihe kitarenze amasaha umunani asoromye .
Ahantu n' Uturere tuberanye n' icyayi mu Rwanda : Mu Rwanda , Icyayi gihingwa mu Ntara eshatu n' uturere 12 : Intara y' Amajyaruguru uturere twa Gicumbi , Rulindo na Burera , Intara y' Uburengerazuba uturere twa Ngororero , Nyabihu , Rubavu , Rutsiro , Karongi , Nyamasheke na Rusizi n' Intara y' Amajyepfo , mu turere twa Nyaruguru na Nyamagabe . Icyayi gihingwa ahantu hafite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1500 na metero 2500 , mu misozi ndetse no mu bishanga , ahantu hakonja haba dogere 12 - kugeza kuri 22 kandi hagwa imvura ihagije ku mwaka milimetero 1500 kugera kuri milimetero 2000 haboneka imirasire y' izuba nibura amasaha 5 ku munsi .
Mu Rwanda Amoko yamamazwa y' icyayi abahinzi bahinga ni icyayi cya 6 / 8 , 31 / 8 , 100 / 5 , BB / 10 , 475 , BB / 35 BB / 10 , 12 / 56 , 11 / 4 , 303 / 577 , 301 / 4 , 301 / 5 n' ayandi .
Gutegura pepiniyeri y' icyayi : Ingeri ( cuttings ) zivamo ingemwe zikatwa ku mashami yakaswe mu murima wateretswe igihe cy' amezi 6 kugeza ku 8 , zikinikwa mu muti wabugenewe wica uduhumyo mbere yo kuzigemeka . Ingemwe zimara mu irerero igihe cy' amezi 10 kugera kuri 12 ku ngemwe zizahingwa mu mirima mishya n' amezi 18 ku ngemwe zizahingwa mu mirima isanzwe ihinzemo icyayi , ziterwa ifumbire , zikabagarwa , ziterwa imiti mu gihe udukoko duteye , zikanamenyerezwa urumuri .
Gutegura umurima uzaterwamo icyayi ni ngombwa gukora ibikurikira : Guca imirwanyasuri ( imusozi ) , inzira , imihanda , imigende ( mu bishanga ) , gutema ibihuru , kurimbura ibitsinsi neza ntihagire ibisigisigi byabyo bisigara , iyo bisigaye bishobora gutera icyayi indwara zimwe na zimwe . Guhinga bwa mbere barima ( ± 50 cm z' ubujyakuzimu ) n' ubwa kabiri batabira kugirango ubutaka burekurane , buseseke ( loose ) . Gukuramo ibyatsi bibi byose , n' urwiri rwose .
Uburyo bwo Gutera icyayi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Aho buri rumambo rwashinzwe , hacukurwa imyobo ifite umurambararo wa santimetero 30 n' ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 60 cyangwa santimetero 45 kuri santimetero 22 . 5 . Gutera gusa ingemwe zakuze neza zimeze neza . Ifumbire ya single superphosphate ivangwa n' ubutaka bushyirwa mu myobo icyayi giterwamo : haterwa ifumbire ya SSP ingana na garama 54 mu mwobo wa santimetero 60 kuri santimetero 30 cyangwa garama 30 mu mwobo wa santimetero 45 kuri santimetero 22 . 5 cm ; Gushyira urugemwe hagati mumwobo isashe ( tubing ) igashyirwa kumambo , gusubiza itaka ( ryabanje kuvangwa n' ifumbire ) mu mwobo . Gutsindagira neza ; Nyuma amasashe yose ( tubing ) barayakoranya akazajya muri recyclage ; Haterwa ingemwe 10 , 400 kugeza kuri 13 , 800 kuri Hegitari bitewe n' ubuhaname bagatera mu Ukwakira - Ukuboza iyo ari imusozi naho mu gishanga ni muri Gashyantare - Werurwe .
Uburyo bwo guha icyayi ireme : Icyayi kimaze amezi 6 gitewe kirakatwa cyangwa kikagondwa kugirango kigire ireme ku buryo kigara uhereye hasi kikagira amashami ya mbere atambitse azazamukaho andi menshi akoze ameza y' icyayi umusoromyi asoroma bitamugoye . Uburyo bwo gukata nibwo bukunzwe gukoreshwa , Urugemwe rwatewe mu murima ruba rudafite amashami ; kugirango icyayi kizane amashami , kugikatira hagati ya santimetero 15 kugera kuri 25 uturutse hasi hifashishijwe sekateri ( decentrage ) nyuma y' amezi nibura 6 gitewe , munsi y' aho bakatiye haba hari nibura amababi 3 ; nyuma y' umwaka n' igice icyayi gitewe ( amezi 18 - 20 ) , amashami yacyo aba afite umurambararo nibura wa metero 1 , icyayi gikatirwa kuri santimetero 25 uvuye hasi , ni ugukata bwa mbere gihabwa ireme ( 1st formative prunning ) , nyuma y' andi mezi 12 - 15 , gugikata bwa kabiri bagiha ireme ku burebure bwa santimetero 40 . Nyuma y' ibyo hakurikiraho kugorora ameza ( tipping ) kugirango icyayi kigire ameza aringaniye kandi ateganye ( pararel ) n' ubutaka . Nyuma y' amezi 3 bakuraho ishami ryose rifite amababi 3 n' umwumba hejuru ya santimetero 60 hifashishwa inkoni y' umusoromyi , kugorora bikorwa nibura inshuro 3 kugirango icyayi kigire ameza aringaniye neza .
Mu Gufata neza icyayi mu mirima Imirimo umuhinzi agomba kwitaho ni iyi : kubagara , kugomorora amazi mu bishanga mu gihe cy' imvura no kuyagomera mu gihe cy' izuba , gusibura imirwanyasuri imusozi , gusasa amashami yakaswe iyo icyayi cyakaswe , gutera ibiti bihagarika umuyaga , gukata icyayi buri myaka ine uhereye ku mwaka wa munani gitewe , gusimbura ingemwe zapfuye , kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi , gusoroma buri minsi 7 - 10 , gutera ifumbire , n' ibindi .
Gutera ifumbire mu cyayi : Ifumbire iterwa mu mirima ibagaye neza , yagomorewe neza , iterwa mu kwezi kwa 3 no mu kwa 10 , iterwa ku muzenguruko wa buri giti cyangwa bakamisha iyo icyayi cyamaze gufatana .
Gufumbira icyayi n' amafumbire akoreshwa : Haterwa ifumbire ya NPK 25 - 5 - 5 , ariko ibipimo by' ubutaka n' amababi biramutse bigaragaje ko hakenewe indi fumbire itari iyo , niyo iterwa cyangwa ifumbire y' imborera ku bashaka icyayi kitarimo imvaruganda ( organic tea ) . Ingano y' ifumbire iterwa : Mu mwaka wa 1 : Ibiro 240 kuri hegitari ; Mu mwaka wa 2 : Ibiro 280 kuri hegitari ; Mu mwaka wa 3 - 5 : Ibiro 320 kuri hegitari ; Mu mwaka wa 6 - 7 : Ibiro 480 kuri hegitari ; Mu mwaka wa 8 kuzamura :
Gusoroma icyayi : Icyayi gisoromwa buri minsi 7 kugera ku 10 ariko ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy' izuba ; Hasoromwa amababi 2 n' umwumba ( P + 2 ) Amabwiriza y' isoroma ryiza ku cyayi cyitwa Black CTC tea ari nacyo gikorwa cyane mu Rwanda ni aya akurikira : Umwumba n' ibabi 1 bigomba kungana cyangwa ntibirenze 4 kw' ijana ; Umwumba n' amababi 2 bigomba kuba hejuru ya 50 kw' ijana ; Umwumba n' amababi 3 bigomba kungana cyangwa ntibirenze 17 kw' ijana ; Umwumba n' amababi 4 bigomba kungana cyangwa ntibirenze 4 kw' ijana irya 3 n' irya 4 byorohereye .