C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Gufumbira ibireti bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; Kuri hegitari imwe ( 1Ha ) , bashyiramo toni 10 ( 10T ) z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza mbere yo gutera n' ibiro maganabiri ( 200 Kg ) by' ifumbire mvaruganda ( TSP ) mu gihe cyo gutera .
Kubara Imbuto y' ibireti ikenewe ku buso runaka : Umuhinzi ashobora gutera ingemwe zateguriwe muri pepiniyeri cg agatera ibishyitsi bidashaje bivuye ku mbuto zitarwaye cg zitabaye ibigumba bitewe n' icyo afite , ariko ibyiza ni ugutera ingemwe kuko byagaragaye ko zongera umusaruro ku buryo bugaragara ugereranije no gukoresha ibishyitsi . Ibireti biterwa ku ntera ingana na cm 30 hagati y' imirongo ibiri na cm 30 hagatiy ' imyobo ( 30cm * 30cm ) . Igihe cy' itera : ni ukuva mu ntangiro za Werurwe kugeza mu mpera za Gicurasi .
Gufata neza ibireti mu mirima ; Imirimo y' ingenzi igomba gukorwa : • gusimbura ingemwe zitafashe ; • kubagara igihe cyose hagaragaye ibyatsi bibi ; • gukata amashari ( amashami yumye ) ; • kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi hakoreshejwe amoko yihanganira indwara no gutera imiti .
Ibyonnyi byangiza Ibireti : Utuyoka duto tw' ibireti : utwo tuyoka batwita Meloidogyne spp . Tugira mm 1 kugeza kuri mm 2 kandi tuba mu butaka . Ibimenyetso by' Utuyoka duto tw' ibiretiIyo utwo dukoko tumaze kwinjira mu mizi , imizi irabyimba cyangwa hakaza uduheri . Iyo bikabije imizi ihagarara gukura bityo igihingwa kikagwingira . Uburyo bwo kurwanya no gukumira Utuyoka duto tw' ibireti : Mu kurwanya izo nzoka , umuhinzi atera imbuto nzima no kubisikanya ibihingwa cyane cyane akoresha ibinyampeke ( ibigori , ingano , … ) .
Indwara yangiza Ibireti : Ramulariyoze . Iyi ndwara iyo ndwara ifata indabyo n' amababi iterwa n' agahumyo bita Ramularia bellunensis . Ikimenyetso by' indwara ya Ramulariyoze y' ibireti : Iyo ndwara igaragazwa n' uko indabyo zibora . Uko barwanya iyo indwara : umuhinzi atera amoko y' ibireti yihanganira iyo ndwara , guhinga neza bagirira isuku igihingwa , kubisikanya ibireti n' ikindi gihingwa ( ibirayi ) ; gutera ingemwe neza ahantu h' ubutaka buhitisha amazi .
Igihe ibireti byerera : • ibireti bitangira gusarurwa nyuma y' amezi atatu bitewe naho murirusange indabo zigasarurwa rimwe mu byumweru bibiri ; • ibireti bishobora gusazurwa inshuro imwe mu mwaka . Icyo gihe , bakata amashami yumye yose bakoresheje najoro bakirinda gukora ku mababi . • gusazura ibireti bikorwa mu mpera za Kanama ( impeshyi irangira ) .
Gusarura no kwanika ibireti ; • Nk' uko byavuzwe haruguru , batangira gusarura nyuma y' amezi 3 ibireti bitewe naho indabo zeze zigasoromwa buri byumweru bibiri ; • Ni byiza kwanika mu bwanikiro bwa kijyambere indabyo zikimara gusoromwa , ariko igihe umuhinzi adashoboye kububona , ashobora kwanika indabyo ku zuba risanzwe hakoreshejwe shitingi ( sheeting ) . • Umusaruro munini uboneka ku mwaka ni toni 1 . 5 z' indabyo zumyekuri Ha .
Guhunika indabyo z' ibireti zumye ; • Indabyo zumye neza zishyirwa mu mifuka y' imigwegwe , bigakoranwa ubwitonzi kugirango zidashwanyagurikiramo igihe bazitwara ; • Mu mufuka umwe hajyamo hagati y' ibiro 25 na 30 by' indabyo zumyeneza ; • Indabyo zimaze gushyirwa mu mifuka , nibyiza guhita zigemurwa mu ruganda ; • Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko indabyo zihunikwa , imifuka igomba gushyirwa ahantu humutse , hadakonje , hafite umwuka uhagije kandi bakirinda kuzitereka hasi ; • Iyo indabyo zimaze kuma , bazibika ahantu humutse kandi hagerwan ' umwuka uhagije .
Igihingwa cy' intoryi ni iki ? Igihingwa cy' intoryi kibarizwa mu muryango w' ibisantobo kimwe na puwavuro , ibirayi , inyanya n' urusenda . Intoryi zikaba zaraturutse muri Aziya . Intoryi zikungahaye ku myunyungugu nka potasiyumu , manganese , na kuwivure ndetse na vitamin B1 , B6 , C , na K . Uziriye bifasha kwirinda indwara z' umutima na kanseri . Ni igihingwa gitanga amafaranga atubutse ku bahinzi bato n' abaciritse .
Ahaberanye n' ubuhinzi bw' intoryi ni aha hakurikira ; Intoryi zera neza ahantu hari ubutumburuke butarenze m 1600 , imvura igwa ku gipimo kiri hagati ya mm 1 , 000 na mm 1500 , ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogire ( oC ) 20 na 30 . Zikunda ubutaka bwiza buhitisha amazi burimo umucanga ndetse n' uburimo ibumba buseseka , bufite imborera ihagije kandi bufite ubusharire ( pH ) buri hagati ya 5 . 5 na 6 . 5 . Mu Rwanda , intoryi zera neza mu turere twose tw' igihugu .
Amwe mu moko y' intoryi aboneka mu Rwanda ; Amoko y' intoryi dusanga mu Rwanda arimo ibice bibiri : ( 1 ) intoryi z' inyafurika tuzi ku izina ry' intoryi , ( 2 ) ibibiringanya . Intoryi z' inyafurika Ibibiringanya ; Amwe mu moko aboneka mu Rwanda : Black beauty , Fantastic RZ F1 , Brigitte RZ F1 , Kazinga RZ F1 , Djamba F1 , White Eggplant .
Gutegura umurima no gutera intoryi ; Shyira ubuhumbikiro ahadaheruka guhingwamo intoryi cyangwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe mu bihe by' ihinga nibura 2 . Hinga umurima neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20 - 30 kandi ibyatsi bibi n' ibindi bisigazwa byose ubikuremo , ndetse n' ibinonko ubimenagure . Tegura ubuhumbikiro bufite ubugali bwa metero 1 kugeza kuri 1 . 2 n' ubujyejuru bwa cm 20 ; Icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika , vangira kuri metero kare imwe ibiro 3 - 5 ( amashyi atatu ) by' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza , NPK 17 - 17 - 17 garama 20 ( udufuniko 2 tw' agacupa k' amazi y' Inyange ) n' itaka . Ku munsi wo kwinaza , ca imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 . 5 kandi itandukanijwe na cm 10 - 15 . Shyira imbuto muri ya mirongo waciye ku ntera ya cm 2 hagatiy ' urubuto n' urundi , urenzeho agataka gacye . Icyitonderwa : Ingemwe z' intoryi zishobora gutegurirwa mu bihoho bipakirwamo itaka n' imborera iboze neza ku ngero za 2 : 1 ( urugero : ingorofani ebyiri z' itaka n' imwe y' imborera ) . Hashobora kandi gukoreshwa ibikoresho byabugenewe byitwa tereyi ( Trays ) . Umuhinzi ufite umurima wa ari imwe aba akeneye umurama ungana na g 1 ku bwoko bwa iburide , na g 5 ku bwoko butari iburide .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bw' intoryi bikorwa mu butyo bukurikira : Nyuma yo kwinaza , shyiraho isaso y' ibyatsi byumye neza . Kuraho isaso nyuma y' iminsi 7 kugeza ku 10 ingemwe zimaze kumera . Ubakira ubuhumbikiro unabutwikire bityo birinde ingemwe kwicwa n' izuba . Wibuke gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba inyura kuko ingemwe ziba zirikeneye . Vomerera buri munsi mu gitondo kare no kumugoroba . Icira ingemwe igihe zicucitse . Tera imiti irwanya indwara ( mancozeb cyangwa methalaxyl ) n' irwanya ibyonnyi ( Lambda - Cyhalothrin ) bibaye ngombwa . Gabanya igihe cyo kuvomerera kandi ugende ugabanya igicucu cy' ubuhumbikiro mu gihe cy' icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura kugirango ingemwe zikomere . Tera ingemwe mu murima hashize iminsi 30 - 60 nyuma yo kwinaza ( zifite amababi 3 - 4 ) .
Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo intoryiHitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo intoryi cyangwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n' intoryi ( ibirayi , urusenda , puwavuro … ) nibura mu bihembwe by' ihinga bitatu biheruka .
Gutegura umurima wo guteramo intoryi ; Tegura umurima mu byumweru 2 mbere y' uko ingemwe zigera igihe cyo guterwa , unatabike ibisigazwa by' ibimera mu butaka . Hinga ubutaka kugeza nibura ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugirango imizi izakure neza . Intoryi zishobora guterwa ku mitabo yegutse ku bujyejuru bwa cm 20 , cyane cyane ahantu hareka amazi . Iyo mitabo iba ifite ubugari bwa cm 100 cyangwa cm 120 . Hagati y' umutabo n' undi hasigara inzira ya cm 40 .
Uburyo bwo gutera intoryi • Tera ingemwe mu murima hashize iminsi 30 - 60 nyuma yo kwinaza ( amababi 3 - 4 ) . • Cukura imyobo ya cm 15 - 20 y' ubujyakuzimu wubahiriza intera . • Ku moko y' intoryi z' umweru za iburide , hakoreshwa intera ya cm100 hagati y' imirongo na cm 60 - 100 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi ku murongo . Iyo hakoreshejwe intera ya cm 60 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi ku murongo , umurima wa are imwe uba uteyeho ingemwe 166 . • Ku moko y' intoryi z' umweru zitari iburide ndese n' ibibiringanya , hakoreshwa intera ya cm 75 hagati y' imirongo na cm 50 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi ku murongo . Kuri iyi ntera , umurima wa are imwe uba uteyeho ingemwe 266 . • Shyiramo amashyi yombi y' imborera iboze neza muri buri mwobo , uyivange neza n' itaka . • Vomerera umurima n' ubuhumbikiro bihagije umunsi umwe mbere no mu gitondo cyo kugemuraho kugira ngo wizere ko amazi yinjiye mu butaka bukoroha . ● Gemura ingemwe mu buhumbikiro witonze ku buryo uzamurana n' itaka rifashe ku mizi kandi ubikore mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba , utere wirinda gukuraho itaka rifashe ku mizi . ● Tsindagira itaka gahoro impande y' urugemwe . ● Kora ku buryo ubuhehere bw' ubutaka buba buhagije nyuma yo kugemura kugirango ingemwe zifate neza .
Kwita ku gihingwa cy' intoryi nyuma yo gutera ; a ) Gusasira intoryi ; ● Sasira umurima ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye neza , mbere yo gutera cyangwa vuba hashoboka nyuma yo gutera . ● Isaso igabanya ikwirakwizwa ry' uburwayi ndetse ikarinda n' umusaruro kubora . b ) Kubagara no kumenera intoryi ● Bagara igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima . Nyuma y' ibyumweru 3 uteye ushobora kumenera ukongera n' itaka ku ntoryi . c ) Kuvomerera intoryi ● Vomerera nyuma yo gutera n' igihe cyose imvura itagwa cyangwa idahagije . ● Irinde gutosa amababi kandi uvomerere witonze kugirango hatabaho kwanduza indwara zituruka mu butaka n' izihemberwa n' ubuhehere bwinshi ku gihingwa .
Gushyiraho ifumbire mvaruganda ku ntoryi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; ● Ku ntoryi za iburide , shyiraho garama 10 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ( agafuniko kamwe k' icupa ry' amazi y' Inyange ) kuri buri rugemwe nyuma y' icyumweru uteye ( Hakoreshwa kg 1 . 75 kuri ari imwe ) . Ongeraho garama 10 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 - 17 ( agafuniko kamwe k' icupa ry' amazi y' Inyange ) kuri buri rugemwe nyuma y' ukwezi uteye na nyuma y' amezi abiri uteye . ● Kuri ari imwe , haba hakenewe kg 3 . 5 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 . Nyuma y' amezi atatu uteye , ongeraho garama 5 za ire ( agafuniko k' icupa rya fanta ) kuri buri rugemwe ( Kuri ari imwe , hakoreshwa kg 0 . 9 za Ire ) . ● Ku ntoryi zitari iburide , shyiraho garama 10 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ( agafuniko k' icupa ry' amazi y' Inyange ) , nyuma y' icyumweru uteye . Kuri ari imwe , haba hakenewe kg 3 . 5 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 . Nyuma y' ukwezi n' igice uteye , ongeraho garama 3 za ire ( agafuniko k' icupa rya fanta kageze ku musozo ) kuri buri rugemwe . Kuri ari imwe , haba hakenewe kg 0 . 9 za Ire .
Gukata , kuyobora gukuraho ibisambo ku ntoryi bikorwa hakurwaho ibisambo , amashami ashaje , ayumye , ayavunitse n' ari hasi cyane . Imimero yose munsi y' aho ururabo rwa mbere rutereye ikurwaho kugirango igihingwa kibyibuhe . Ku bwoko bw' intoryi zikenera gushingirirwa hifashishwa agati gafite nibura cm 50 z' uburebure nyuma ukazirikaho igihingwa ukoresheje umugozi .
Kugenzura indwara n' ibyonnyi mu ntoryi ni ukugenzura umurima inshuro eshatu mu cyumweru ( cg buri munsi ) urebamo ibyonnyi n' ibimenyetso bigaragaza indwara z' uduhumyo , virusi na bagiteri . Wibande kureba munsi y' amababi kuko niho ubusimba bufata mu gihe twihisha izuba n' imvura . Iyo ubonyeho ibyonnyi cyangwa ibimenyetso by' indwara utera umuti .
Gusarura intoryi ; ● Sarura intoryi hagati y' iminsi 75 - 110 nyuma yo kugemura . ● Sarura mugitondo hari amafu . ● Nyuma yo gusarura ubwa mbere , sarura mu byiciro ( akenshi buri cyumweru ) , kandi ukomeze kwita ku ntoryi , uzuhira . ● Sarura ukoresheje icyuma gityaye ku buryo inkondo iguma ku rubuto , nturukomeretse kandi ntukomeretse n' uruti .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi mu ntoryi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; ● Intoryi zikunze kurwara indwara z' uduhumyo nk' akaribata ; zirwanywa n' imiti usimburanya nka chlorothalonil ( Daconil , odeon ; 720SC ) , copper oxychloride ( Gitenge ) , Carbendazim ( Rodazim , Bendazim ) na sulfur ( Thiovit ) . ● Zinarwara kandi indwara za bagiteri ( kirabiranya ) zitagira umuti ahubwo zigomba kurindwa barandura ibyarwaye .
• Karoti zibarizwa mu muryango w' ibihingwa bya Apiyase ( Apiaceae ) nka Sereri na Perisire . Karoti ikomoka muri Aziya mu gihugu cya Afganistan . • Karoti zikungahaye kuri vitamini A , B , C na E . Karoti zirinda ubuhumyi , diyabete , kanseri n' izindi ndwara . Karoti zituma uruhu rusa neza zikanakura imyanda mu mubiri . Abahinzi bakura amafaranga mu buhinzi bwa karoti .
Ahantu haberanye n' ubuhinzi bwa karoti ni aha hakurikira : • Karoti zihingwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe buringaniye buri hagati ya dogere 10 na 25 ku butumburuke buri hejuru ya metero 700 . • Umurama wa karoti ushobora kumera hagati y' ubushyuhe bwa dogere 7 na 30 . • Zera mu butaka bufite ubusharire ( pH ) buri hagati ya 6 . 6 na 7 . 1 . Karoti zihingwa mu turere twose tw' u Rwanda mu butaka bw' isi ndende , buseseka , buhitisha amazi kandi bufumbiye .
Amoko ya karoti aboneka mu Rwanda ni ; • Ubwoko butabanguriye bwitwa nante ( Nantes ) nibwo bukunze guhingwa . • Ubwoko bubanguriye ( iburide ) :
Aho kugura umurama wa karoti ; • Gura umurama ahantu hizewe hagurirwa inyongeramusaruro kandi mbere yo kugura reba igihe ubushobozi bwo kumera buzarangirira . • Ingano y' umurama ( umwayi ) ukenewe kuri ari imwe y' umurima ni garama 50 .
Gutegura umurima no gutera karoti ; • Hitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo ibimera biri mu muryango umwe na karoti aribyo sereri , perisire n' ibindi mu gihembwe cy' ihinga giheruka . • Hinga neza ugeza isuka mu butaka ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugirango bifashe kuringaniza ubutaka neza , guhitisha umwuka no gushora kwa karoti . • Menagura ibinonko byose ukuramo amabuye n' ibyatsi byose . • Kora imitabo izamuye ya m 1 - 1 . 2 z' ubugali n' ubujyejuru bwa cm 20 ; • Nyanyagiza imborera iboze neza , kg 250 kuri ari ku mitabo uyivange neza n' itaka mu cyumweru kimwe mbere yo gutera . Ca uduferege dufite ubujyakuzimu butarengeje cm 3 kandi dutandukanijwe n' intera ya cm 20 . • Shyiramo ifumbire mvaruganda ya DAP ingana na garama 25 ( udufuniko tubiri n' igice tw' agacupa k' amazi y' Inyange ) na KCl ingana na garama 40 ( udufuniko tune tw' agacupa k' amazi y' Inyange ) k' umurongo wa m 10 . • Renza agataka ku ifumbire usiba uduferege ku buryo hasigara ubujyakuzimu budasibye bwa cm 0 . 5 - 1 . • Kubera ko umurama wa karoti ari muto cyane , murwego rwo kwirinda ubucucike , tera umurama wa karoti umaze kuwuvanga n' itaka ryumye neza cyangwa umucanga ku buryo udashobora kubona imbuto 3 - 5 ziri hamwe . • Humbika umurama uvanze n' itaka cyangwa umucanga muri twa duferege wakoze hanyuma utwikirizeho agataka gake . • Twikiraza imitabo ibyatsi byumye neza ariko uhite ubikuraho karoti zikimera .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bwa Karoti ; • Kuvomerera : Vomerera buri gitondo , n' igihe cyose ari ngombwa kugirango bifashe karoti gukura neza . Vomerera ukoresha amazi adafite ingufu nk' arozwari , umupira utonyanga utuzi duke cyangwa akuma kamisha amazi ariko kagabanyirijwe ingufu kugeza zimaze gufata neza . Irinde uko bishoboka kose ko amazi areka mu murima kuko ashobora gutuma karoti zibora . Rekeraho kuvomerera karoti ziri hafi kwera kugira ngo byongere ubwiza n' uburyohe kandi bitume zibikika neza . • Kubagara : Kubera ko utugemwe twa karoti ari duto kandi tworoshye , bagara ukoresheje intoki cyane cyane mu byumweru bya mbere . • Kwicira : Nyuma y' ibyumweru 3 uteye , icira ukuramo izitameze neza usige cm 3 - 5 hagati y' ibihingwa . • Nyuma y' ibyumweru 5 - 6 uteye , icira bwakabiri usige noneho cm 5 - 8 hagati y' ibihingwa . • Umuhinzi ufite umurima wa ari imwe aba akeneye umurama ungana na g 30 . • Hitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo ibimera biri mu muryango umwe na karoti aribyo sereri , perisire n' ibindi mu gihembwe cy' ihinga giheruka . • Hinga neza ugeza isuka mu butaka ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugirango bifashe kuringaniza ubutaka neza , guhitisha umwuka no gushora kwa karoti .
Gusarura karoti bikorwa bitya : Sarura karoti kare mu gitondo guhera ku minsi 75 - 110 nyuma yo gutera . Karoti zikuze neza ziba ifite ibara risa na oranje . Karoti zisarurwa cyane cyane hakoreshejwe intoki , uzamura umuzi ufashe amababi igihe cyose ubutaka buhehereye . • Igihe ubutaka bwumagaye , banza kubutosa bihagije , ucukure na majagu hanyuma uranduze amaboko kugirango karoti zitavunikira mu butaka . • Umaze gusarura karoti , kuraho amababi yazo ariko usigeho agace gato k' aho ahurira n' ikijumba kugirango utazikomeretsa hakinjirira indwara cyangwa zigatakaza amazi vuba ; • Oza karoti nyuma yo kuzisarura , zitoranye utandukanya izangiritse n' izitangiritse , inini n' intoya kuko zigurishwa kubiciro bitandukanye . • Igihe usarura , irinde kurunda karoti ku zuba no kuzitinza mu murima . Zishyire mu mifuka cyangwa mu bisanduku mbere yo kuzijyane kw' isoko .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi muri karoti ; • Genzura umurima buri munsi witegereza neza uruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi kuko ari ho udusimba dufata mu gihe twihisha izuba n' imvura . • Karoti zikunda guhura n' uburwayi butandukanye aribwo , Indwara yo kubabuka amababi ( leaf blight , ifoto 1a ) , uruhumbu rw' umweru ( powdery mildew , ifoto 1b ) , n' ibibara bicukutse ( cavity spot , ifoto 1c ) ziterwa n' uduhumyo . • Kurwanya indwara ziterwa n' uduhumyo ukoresheje imiti nka Mancozeb + Metalaxyl ( Victory ) , chlorothalonil 50 % wp ( Daconil , odeon 720SC ) , cg copper oxychloride 50 % wp ( Gitenge ) , Carbendazim ( Rodazim , Bendazim ) , sulfur ( Thiovit ) . • Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri arizo : kubabuka kw' amababi ( bacterial wilt , ifoto 2a ) amaga ( scrab , ifoto 2b ) n' ububore bw' umukara ( black rot , ifoto 2c ) , n' iziterwa na virusi ( carrot motley dwarf , ifoto 2d ) n' izindi . Ibyonnyi bikunze kugaragara ni amasazi ( carrot rust fly ) . • Irinde indwara ziterwa na bagiteri , utera usimburanya imiti ikurikira irimo kuwivure ( copper ) urugero gitenge , komanda na funguran , kuko izo ndwara zitavurwa . • Rwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi ukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko ( Rocket , dudu abamectin , Lamdex ) kuko nta miti yihariye yica virus .
Imbwija / dodo ni ubwoko bw' imboga gakondo muri Afurika kandi bwihangira indwara , ibyonnyi n' imihindagurikire y' ikirere kandi zerera igihe gito . Igiti cyose kikiri gito gishobora gusarurwa nyuma y' ukwezi kumwe gitewe cyangwa se amababi atoshye akagenda asarurwa buri gihe bikageza ku mezi menshi . Amababi yazo afite intungamubiri nyinshi na poroteyine nyinshi , feri , karisiyumu na vitamine A na C . Bityo , zifasha mu kurwanya imirire mibi .
Ahaberanye n' ubuhinzi bwa Dodo n' imbwija ; Imbwija / dodo zihingwa ahantu hatandukanye ariko zitwara neza ahantu hashyuha . Ubwoko butukura bukenera urumuri rw' izuba ruhagije kugirango bubashe kugira ibara rihagije . Izi mboga zikunda ubutaka bwumutse butarekamo amazi , bw' inombe , burimo imborera ihagije .
Amwe mu moko ya dodo n' imbwija aboneka mu Rwanda ; ● Hari amoko menshi y' imbwija / dodo . Ayo moko agiye atandukana bitewe n' ubunini bw' igiti cyose , ibara ry' amababi cyangwa iry' indabyo cyangwa se kugira uduhwa cyangwa kutatugira . ● Amwe muri ayo moko ni : Garukunsorome , Rengarenga , Madira 1 , Nguruma , .
Aho kugura umurama / umwayi w' imbwija na dodo ; ● Gura umurama ahantu hizewe hagurirwa inyongeramusaruro kandi mbere yo kugura reba igihe ubushobozi bwo kumera buzarangirira .
Hitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo ibimera biri mu muryango mugari umwe na dodo / imbwija nka beterave na sipinaci n' ibindi mu gihembwe cy' ihinga giheruka . Hinga neza ugeza isuka mu butaka ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugira ngo bifashe kuringaniza ubutaka neza , guhitisha umwuka no gushora imizi . Menagura ibinonko byose ukuramo amabuye n' ibyatsi byose . Niba uhita utera mu murima , shyira ifumbire y' imborera ingana na toni 25 , n' ifumbire mvaruganda ingana na kg 147 bya NPK17 - 17 - 17 + kg 33 za ire kuri hegitari mu gihe cyo gutera .
Uburyo bwo Guhita utera umurama / umwayi w' imbwija cyangwa dodo mu murima ; ● Ubu ni uburyo bwihuse kandi bworoshye bwo guhinga imbwija / dodo . ● Shyira ifumbire y' imborera , y' inka cyangwa se y' inkoko mu murima ku gipimo cya kg 2 kuri metero 2 . ● Vanga umucanga n' imbuto , umurayi kugira ngo byorohe kunyanyagiza mu mirongo ( imirongo itandukanijwe na cm 40 ) ubundi urenzeho agataka gake unavomerere mu gihe imvura itagwa . ● Nyuma yibyumweru 2 , icirira usiga cm 30 hagati y' uruboga n' urundi .
Uburyo bwo gutegura ubuhumbikiro no kugemurira ingemwe za dodo cyangwa imbwija mu murima . ● Bituma haboneka ingemwe nziza , nyinshi kandi zingana , ariko ibi bitinza gusarura bwa mbere . ● Shyira ubuhumbikiro ahagera urumuri ruhagije kuko birinda indwara n' ingemwe ntizishurumbuke . ● Vanga ubutaka n' ifumbire kg 2 - 3 kuri m2 . ● Vanga imbuto n' umucanga , hanyuma utere usiga cm 10 hagati y' umurongo n' undi . Zimaze kumera icira usiga cm 2 hagati y' uruboga n' urundi . Imurira ingemwe mu murima nyuma y' ibyumeru 3 ( urugemwe rufite nibura amababi 3 meza ) kandi utere usiga cm 40 hagati y' imirongo na cm 30 hagati y' uruboga n' urundi mu murongo .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bwa dodo n' imbwija ; ● Kuvomerera : Vomerera buri gitondo , igihe cyose ari ngombwa kugira ngo bifashe imbwija / dodo gukura neza . Vomerera ukoresha amazi adafite ingufu ukoresha ibikoresho nk' arozwari , umupira usohora amazi make cyangwa akuma kamisha amazi ariko kagabanyirijwe ingufu kugira ngo imboga zitavunwa cyangwa ngo zirandurwe n' ingufu z' amazi . Irinde uko bishoboka kose ko amazi areka mu murima kuko ashobora gutuma imboga zuma . ● Kubagara : Kubagara cyane cyane igihe Imbwija / dodo zikiri ntoya kugira ngo birinde ibyonyi nindwara ndetse umusaruro ntiwivanga n' ibindi byatsi . ● Kwicira : Ni byiza kugabanya imbwija / dodo mu murima igihe wahise utera umurama mu murima kugirango ugabanyeubucucike usiga cm 40 hagati yimirongo na cm30 yagati yuruboga nurundi kuko bituma izisigaye zikura neza kandi zigatanga umusaruro mwinshi .
Gufumbira dodo n' imbwija bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira ; ● Imbwija / dodo zikenera ifumbire cyane . Ifumbire ikoreshwa mu buryo bukurikira . ● Igihe cyo gutera , hakenerwa ifumbire y' imborera ingana na toni 20 - 25 kuri hegitari ; hagakenerwa kandi ibiro 147 bya NPK 17 - 17 - 17 , n' ibiro 33 bya ire kuri hegitari . ● Nyuma y' ibyumweru bine imboga zitewe , hashyirwaho ibiro 147 bya NPK17 - 17 - 17 n' ibiro 33 bya ire kuri hegitari .
Gusarura dodo n' imbwija ; Gusarura amababi bitangira mu minsi 25 - 30 nyuma yo kubiba . Bikomeza gukorwa buri cyumweru bikamara amezi agera kuri 4 . Iyo ibiti birengeje amezi 4 , umusaruro w' amababi uragabanuka kandi n' ubwiza bw' amababi bugatakara . Muri icyo gihe , ibiti bishaje bishobora gutemerwa hasi hagashibuka ibindi .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi muri dodo n' imbwija ; Ibibazo byinshi by' indwara bikunze kuboneka mu mirima ishaje . Udukoko twitwa Uburima ( aphids ) ” rimwe na rimwe n' uburondwe buto ( mites ) nitwo dukunze guteza ibibazo . Amoko amwe n' amwe y' imbwija na dodo arwara virusi ariko muri rusange , imbwija / dodo ntizikunze kurwara . Rwanya uburima ( Aphids ) ubagara neza umurima wawe ndetse wirinda ubucucike kuko birwanya kororoka kwatwo . Tera imiti karemano ku bihingwa nka nimu ( neem ) cyangwa amazi avanze n' isabune . Watera ho kandi imiti yica udukoko nka abamectin na alfa - cypermethrin .
Kurujete ni igihingwa kiri mu muryango w' ibinyanzuzi kimwe n' amadegede na wotameloni . Gikomoka mu gihugu cy' Ubutaliyani , Kurujete zikungahaye kuri vitamine C , Vitamini A , Vitamine B6 , Potasiyumu , Fosifore , Manyeziyumu , Poroteyine , Karisiyumu . Kurujete ifasha cyane mu igogorwa ry' ibiryo kuko ikungahaye ku mazi . Zifite akamaro mu bukungu bw' igihugu kuko zizanira abazihinga amafaranga .
Ahantu haberanye n' ubuhinzi bwa kurujete ni aha khakurikira : Kurujete zikunda ubutaka bufite ifumbire nyinshi ( ihagije ) , byaba n' akarusho burimo urubuye . Zikunda ahantu hari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 15 - 25 , n' ubutumburuke buri hagati ya 500m na 2000m . Ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya 5 . 5 kugera kuri 7 . 5 nibwo buberanye n' ubuhinzi bwa kurujete .
Amwe mu moko ya kurujete aboneka mu Rwanda ni aya : Dark Green Zucchini : ubwoko butari iburide ; Ambassador F1 : Ubwoko bwa iburide ; Alienor F1 : Ubwoko bwa iburide ; Color F1 :
Ahantu ho kugura umurama wa kurujete : Gura imbuto / inzuzi ahantu hizewe hagurirwa inyongeramusaruro kandi mbere yo kugura reba igihe ubushobozi bwo kumera buzarangirira . Kuri ari 1 hakenerwa garama 8 - 10 ziterwa mu bihoho 110 - 220 .