C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Abahinzi bashobora gukoresha neza ibyo bikoresho byo kuhira byatanzwe kuri nkunganire bakora ibi bikurikira : • Kugenzura neza ahantu washyira icyobo cyakwifashishwa hakururwa amazi hakoreshejwe pompe ; • Kureba ko amatiyo atwara amazi afatanye neza ntaho ava ; • Kureba neza niba ingufu zifashishwa zihari kandi zihagije ( mazutu n' amashanyarazi ) • Kureba ko amatiyo arambuye neza , atizinze cyangwa yikubye byose bica intege za moteri ; • Gushyira mu mirima neza ibyuma byuhira birimo imashini zuhira ukagenzura amaguru zihagararaho ko ahagaze neza kandi akomeye . • Kuramburaumupira wuhira ukawugeza kumurima mugihe ariwo wifashishwa umisha amazi kubihingwa ; • Kubahiriza gahunda yo kuhira himurirwa kugihe ibikoresho bishyirwa mu wundi murima ukurikiraho mu gihe hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kwimura uva hamwe ujya ahandi .
Amazi akurwa mu migezi , ibiyaga cyangwa ibidendezi by' amzi agashyirwa mu miyoboro iyegereza imirima aho umuhinzi abasha kuyafatira ayerekeza mu murima we . Inyubako dusanga mu gishanga harimo izigabanya umuvuduko w' amazi , ibiraro , inyubako zifata amazi ku muyoboro munini ziyashyira mu muyoboro muto , iziyafata ziyashyira mu murima n' imihanda .
Imirimo y' ubuhinzi ikorwa n' imashini iyi : Kurima ; Gusanza ; Gutera imbuto , Gutera imiti , Kubagara , Gusarura , Guhungura ; Kumisha , Gutoranya , Gukonjesha ibyangirika n' izindi .
Hari izindi mashini nyinshi zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu buhinzi kuva mu gutegura umurima kugeza umusaruro ugeze ku isoko . Mu murimo yo gutegura ubutaka , hari mashini irima ishobora guhinga hagati ya hegitari 2 - 3 k' umunsi , ahantu hasaba abantu barenga 200 kuharima ku munsi hakoreshejwe imashini z' ubwoko abahinzi bamwe bamaze kumenyera . Izo mashini ziraboneka haba ari ukuzigura cyangwa kuzikodesha n' abikorera batanga iyo service ku giciro cyiza . Uburyo bwo kuzibona umuhinzi yanyura ku kigo cy' igihugu gishinzwe iterabmere ry' ubuhinzi cynagwa agronome ku karere no mu mirenge bakamuha icyerekezo cyangwa akanyura kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bamwegereye batanga izo service ; Ku muhinzi ufite ubutaka buto ashobora no gukoresha imashini ntoya ( powertillers ) mu guhinga , kuhira no gutwara umusaruro . Imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi zigiye zitandukanye , bitewe n' ingufu za moteri n' amasuka yakoreshejwe , hari n' izishobora guhinga zikanasanza hejuru ya 10ha ku munsi ku muhinzi ufite ubutaka bunini . Aho imashini nini ihinga neza ni ahantu hadafite ubuhaname bukabije kuburyo imashini yatembagara bikaba byateza impanuka , ahantu hateguwe neza hatarimo indi myaka , ibishyitsi n' amabuye bishobora kwangiza imashini .
Ibigori byera neza iyo bihinzwe mu murima ufumbiye , utaragundutse , mu butaka bw' isi ndende , bworoshye kandi bubika amazi . Umurima ugomba kuba utasaruwe mo ibigori cyangwa se ibindi binyampeke nk' amasaka ni ingano mu gihembwe cy' ihinga gishize .
Ubwoko bukurikira bwera mu misozi migufi n' imisozi iciriritse ku butumburuke bwa metero 900 kugeza kuri metero 1800 : RHM104 , RHM1402 , RHM1407 , RHM1409 , PAN - 4m21 , PAN 53 , PAN 67 , SC 403 , SC 529 , SC 529 , WH 505 , WH 507 , WH 403 ; Ubwoko bukurikira bwera Mu misozi miremire ku butumburuke bwa metero 1700 kugeza kuri metero 2600 : RHMH1520 , RHMH1601 , H628 , PAN 691 , SC719 , WH 605 ; Icyitonderwa : Aya moko yamamazwa ni hiburide , ahingwa igihembwe cyimwe , igihembwe gikurikiye ho ukajya gushaka imbuto nshyashya ku bacuruzi b' inongeramusaruro bemewe .
Umurima ugiye guhingwamo ibigori umuhinzi abanza kurima no gukura mu murima ibyatsi , ibishyitsi n' ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa byose . Hanyuma agatabire neza uringaniza intabire .
Uko batera ibigori : Guca imirongo n' utwobo two gutera , hagati y' umurongo n' undi hakaba cm 75 no hagati y' akobo n' akandi hakaba cm 50 . Gushyira impeke ebyiri mu kobo .
Kuri hegitari haterwa imbuto inga n' ibiro 25 cyangwa kuri ari haterwaho amagarama 250 .
Gukoreshe imbuto ifite ubuziranenge , wavanye ku bafite uruhushya rwo gutubura no gutanga imbuto nk' Abacurizi b' inyongeramusaruro . Wirinde gukoresha imbuto zidafite icyemezo cy' ubuzirange cyangwa wisaruriye mu mirima wawe mugihembwe cyihinga gishize .
Ubwishingizi bw' Urusenda , habarwa igishoro cy' amafaranga 2 , 151 , 500 kuri hegitari imwe , ikiguzi cy' ubwinshingizi kingana na 8 ku ijana by' igishoro aribyo bingana n' amafaranga 172 , 120 . Uruhare rw' umuhinzi rungana na 60 kw' ijana byayo , aribyo amafaranga 103 , 272 , nkunganire ya leta ikangana na 40 kw' ijana byayo aribyo bingana n' amafaranga 68 , 848 .
Akamaro ko gutera ibigori ku mirongo ni aka gakurikira : Gukoresha imbuto ibazwe kandi ijyanye n' ubuso bwo gutera ; Bituma ibihingwa bitarwanira imirasire y' izuba n' imyunyu ngugu iri mu butaka ; Bituma hasigara umwanya wo gukoreramo imirimo itandukanye nko kubagara , kuhira , gutera imiti no kongera mo ire .
Gushyira ifumbire y' imborera ku bigori bikorwa bitya : Gukoresha ifumbire mborera ingana na toni cumi kuri hegitari . Gucukura utwobo two gutera dufite nka cm 10 z' ubujyakuzimu .
Ifumbire zikunze gukoreshwa igihe cyo gutera ibigori ni DAP ( 18 - 46 - 0 ) ivanzena ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) , NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) na CEREALS ( 23 - 10 - 5 + 2Mg + 3S + 0 . 3Zn ) . Iyo uhisemo gukoresha DAP ivanze na ire , uvanga biro 100 bya DAP na n' ibiro 50 bya ire , ugatera iyo mvange kuri hegitari imwe cyangwa ukavanga ikilo 1 ya DAP na n' ibiro zeru n' ibice bitanu bya ire ugatera iyo mvange kuri ari imwe . Bityo ukaba ukoresheje ibiro 41 by' umunyu ngugu wa azote ( nitrogen ) na n' ibilo 46 by' umunyu ngugu wa fosifore ( phosphorus ) kuri hegitari . Iyo uhisemo gukoresha NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) , utera kg 250 kuri hegitari imwe cyangwa kg 2 , 5 kuri ari imwe . Bityo ukaba ukoresheje kg 42 , 5 by' umunyu ngugu wa azote , kg 42 , 5 by' umunyu ngugu wa fosifore na kg 42 , 5 by' umunyu ngugu wa potasiyumu ( potasium ) . Iyo uhisemo gukoresha CEREALS ( 23 - 10 - 5 + 2Mg + 3S + 0 . 3Zn ) , utera kg 200 kuri hegitari . Bityo , ukaba ukoresheje kg 46 by' umunyu ngugu wa azote , kg 20 by' umunyu ngugu wa fosifore na kg 10 by' umunyu ngugu wa potasiyumu . Kandi hiyongeraho iyi myunyu ngugu ikoreshwa ku rugero ruto n' ibihingwa : kg 4 by' umunyu ngugu wa managanese , kg 6 by' umunyu ngugu wa sirifire na kg 0 , 6 by' umunyu ngugu wa zenke . Iyo ukoresheje DAP ( 18 - 46 - 0 ) ivanze na ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) mu gihe cyo gutera , ushyira mu kobo ko gutera ivange ingana n' agafuniko kamwe n' igice . Iyo ukoresheje NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) , ushyir1 muri buri kobo ifumbire ingana n' udufuniko dutatu twa fanta . Naho wakoresha CEREALS igihe cyogutera , ushyiramu koboko guteraudufuniko tubiri twa Fanta . Ushyiraifumbire mvaruganda hejuru y' ifumbire , hanyumaukarenza ho agataka kugiringo ifumbire mvaruganda ntize gutwika impeke , ugasigaza ubujyakuzimu bungana na cm3 zo gutera mo imbuto . Warangiza ukarenza ho agatka ukaringaniza umurima .
Kongera ifumbire ku bigori mu gihe cyo kubagara bikorwa bitya : Iyo wakoresheje DAP ( 18 - 46 - 0 ) + ire ( 46 - 0 - 0 ) cyangwa NPK ( 17 - 17 - 17 ) mu gutera , wongeramo ire nyuma y' imyumweru bitandatu mu misozi migufi n' imisozi iciriritse cyangwa birndwi mu misozi miremire umaze gutera .
Kubagara ibigori ni ugukura mu murima ibyatsi byose igihe cyose bikuriye , no gukuramo ibindi bihingwa byose byimejeje harimwo n' ibigori byimejeje . Bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa byimejeje bigaragariye mu murima kugeza igihe ibigori bimaze kwera hasigaye nk' ibyumweru bibiri ngo bisarurwe .
Umurima ugomba gusurwa nka kabiri mu cyumweru kugirango umenye neza ibibazo bihari no kubyirinda .
Indwara ya Kirabiranya y' ibigori irangwa n' ibi bikurikira : Amababi y' ikigori cyafashwe ahinduka umuhondo , akuma ahereye kumpande z' ikibabi , kuma bigana imbere cyangwa akuma ahereye ku mwumba . Umuheko w' ikigori cyafashwe n' uburwayi ugaragara nk' aho ikigori cyeze , nyamara iyo uwuvanyeho ibishishwa usanga impeke zikiri mbisi , hanyuma aho kwera zikabora . Umuheko ugaragara nk' aho harimo impeke , ariko uvanyeho ibishishwa ugusanga nta mpeke zirimo cyangwa ari nke cyane .
Cyumya y' ibigori cyangwa Kirabiranya y' ibigori yirindwa kandi irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira : Guhinga imbuto ifite icyemezo cy' ubuziranenge ; Gusimburanya ibigori n' ibindi bihingwa bitari ibinyampeke nk' ibirayi , ibishyimbo , bituma iyo virusi igabanuka mu murima , Guhingira igihe no guterera rimwe ( syncronized planting ) bitryo ntikomeze kubaho ibigori mu murima igihe cyose ; Kurandura no kuvana mu murima ibigori bigaragaza ibimenyetso maze bigatabwa mu cyobo kirekire gifite byibuze metero imwe y' ubujyakuzimu , Kwirinda gutwara ibigori cyangwa ibikomoka ku bigori byasaruwe mu murima wagaragaje uburwayi ubivana mu gace kamwe ubijyana mu kandi haba mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo .
Indwara y' ingenge z' amabara cyangwa indwara y' imirongo ( Maize Streak Virus disease ) y' ibigori n' indwara yo mu bwoko bw' amavirusi ikwirakwizwa n' agakoko kitwa Cicadulina mbila ( Naude ) . Ikigori cyafashwe kirangwa n' imirongo y' amabara yegeranye kandi iteganye igenda ikurikira imigongo mito y' ikibabi . Ibyo bimenyetso kandi bitangirira ku bibabi byo hejuru bikagenda bimanuka ku bibabi byo hasi .
indwara y' ingenge z' amabara y' ibigori yirindwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gukoresha amoko y' imbuto y' ibigori adafatwa n' iyo ndwara ; Kurandura no gukura mu mirima ibigori byafashwe n' ubwo burwayi .
Indwara yo kubabuka kw' amabi iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Exserohilum turcicum . Ibiyirangwa : Iyo igitangira irangwa n' utudomo tuza ku mababi hanyuma tukagenda dukura tugafata igice kinini k' ikibabi . Icyo gice cyafashwe kikagaragara gisa nk' aho cyababutse . Amababi yo hasi niyo abanza gufatwa hanyuma ibimenyetso by' uburwayi bikagenda birushaho kugaragara uko ikigori gikura .
Indwara yokubora k' uruti rw' ikigori iri mu bwoko bubiri : Diplodia stalk rot na Fusarium stalk rot . Diplodia stalk rot iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Stenocarpella maydis naho Fusarium stalk rot iterwa n' agahumyo ; Ibiranga Indwara yo Kubora k' uruti rw' ikigori : Indwara yo kubora rw' uruti rw' ikigori itangira amababi ahindura ibara ; agahinduka umuhondo werurutse iyo ari fusarium stalk rot cyangwa agasa n' igijuju iyo ari diplodia ear rot . Hanyuma ububore bugatangira ku ngingo z' ikigori , bukagenda bikwira hagati y' ingingo zikurikiranye kuburyo uruti rw' ikigori nta mbaraga riba rufite , akantu gato kagikoze ho ikigori gihita kigwa .
Indwara zo kubora kw' amahundo y' ibigori ziri ubwoko bwinshi ariko iz' ingenzi ni “ diplodia ear rot ” iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Stenocarpella maydis “ fusarium ear rot ” iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Fusarium verticilliodes naho “ gibberella ear rot ” iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Gibberella zeae . Ubwoko bwa “ diplodia ear rot ” bugaragazwa n' uruhumbu rusa n' ikijuju cyangwa igihogo hagati y' impeke no ku mpeke ku gice cy' ihundo cyane cyane igice cyo ku ndiba n' igice cyo hagati . Ubwoko bwa “ fusarium ear rot ” bugaragazwa n' uruhumbu rusa n' igihogo cyangwe se rwerurutse ruri ku mpeke ziri hirya no hino kw' ihundo , cyangwe ku mpeke ziri hamwe mu gace k' ihundo . Ubwo bwoko kandi bushobora no kugarazwa n' uturongo tw' uruhumbu tw' umweru turi ku mpeke .
Indwara yo kubora kw' amahundo y' ibigori irwanywa no gusimburanya ibigori n' ibindi bihingwa nk' ibinyamisogwe n' ibinyabijumba , gukura mu murima amahundo arwaye , gusarura hakiri kare ibigori bimaze kwera no kumisha neza amahundo n' impeke .
Icyonyi cya bariyentaraza cyangwa Kurisuka ni icyatsi gitagira imizi kisunga imizi y' igihingwa cyane cyane ibinyampeke nk' ibigori n' amasaka ; Bariyentaraza iboneka ku bigori no ku masaka . Striga , itwara imyunyu ngugu n' imirasire y' izuba yari gukoreshwa n' igihingwa ku buryo usanga ari yakuze yonyine .
Mu kurwanya no kwirinda icyonnyi cya bariyentaraza cyangwa Kurisuka umuhinzi akora ibi bikurikira : Kurandura Bariyentaraza itarazana ururabo , cyangwe ururabo rutangiye kuza , ariko imbuto zitaraza mu rurabo kuko imbuto zayo zishobora kumara imyaka makumyabiri bigitegereje igihingwa ; Gusimburanya ibinyampeke n' ibinyamisogwe cyangwe ibinyabijumba ; Gukoresheje ifumbire mborera ndetse n' ifumbire mvaruganda ; Kwirinda kunyuza amatungo mu murima wagaragayemo Bariyentaraza kuko ashobora kuyijyana mu yindi mirima .
Nkongwa y' ibigori ni icyonnyi kari mu bwoko bw' ibinyugunyugu , ariko igishorobwa cyayo ni cyo cyangiza ibihingwa . Igishorobwa gitobagura amababi nyuma kakinjira mu ruti rw' ikigori , hakagaragara ifu cyaciye imyenge . Kinjira mu ruti rw' ikigori , kigagenda kirya iby' imbere mu ruti , kandi kigaca mo umuhora . Iyo usatuye uruti rw' ikigori cyafashwe , usangamo igishorobwa kimeze nk' urunyo . Uruti rw' ibigori byafashwe nta mbaraga biba bigifite ku buryo bishobora kuvunika no kugushwa n' umuyaga .
Nkongwa y' ibigori irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira : Gusimburanya ibigori n' ibinyamisogwe cyangwa n' ibinyabijumba bigabanya ikwirakwira rya nkongwa ; Gufumbira ubutaka hakoreshejwe ifumbire y' imborera ; Kugenzura umurima bihoraho bifasha kurwanya ikibazo hakiri kare . Kuvanga ibigori n' urubingo cyangwadesimodiyumu murwegomrwo gukumira nkogwa ; Isuku y' umurima : Gutaba ikigorigori nyuma yo gusarura cyangwa bikagaburirwa amatungo ; Mu gihe ibigori byafashwe birenze 10 % , ushobora kurwanya nkongwa ukoresheje imiti nka lambdacyhalothrin , cypermethrin + profenofos ( roket ) ku rugero rwa15ml / litiro 15 z' amazi .
Nkongwa idasanzwe mu bigori ni icyonnyi kitari gisanzwe mu Rwanda , cyaje mu mwaka 2017 , kiri mu bwoko bw' inyugunyugu . Igishorobwa cyacyo ni cyo cyangiza ibihingwa cyane cyane ibigori . Nkongwa idasanzwe irangwa n' ibi bikurikira : kumutwe hagaragara ishusho y' inyuguti ya “ Y ” , utwoya twirabura tugaragara kumubiri wayo , umurongomugari ubengerana uri ku mugongo uvuye kumutwe ugana inyuma ukikijwe n' uturongo twirabura kumpande zawo n' ibidomo bine bikoze ishusho ya “ mpandenye ndinganire ” ahagana inyuma . Nkongwa itangira yangiza amababi akiri mato iharura nyuma ikajya mu mwumba . Iyo ikuze ica imyenge ku mababi igakata n' umwumba , ari nako igenda isiga umwanda wayo ku mababi umeze nk' ifu itose . Iyo umwumba wariwe cyane byangiza imikurire y' igihingwa n' umusaruro ukagabanuka .
Nkongwa idasanzwe mu bigori irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira : Guhinga ugeza isuka hasi ugamije kugaragaza , kuvanamo cyangwa gutaba nkongwa n' ibikonoshwa byayo ; Kongerera ibihingwa ubudahangarwa hakoreshwa ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza n' imvaruganda ku bipimo nyabyo hamwe no kuhira ; Gusimburanya mu murima ibinyampeke n' ibinyamisogwe nk' ibishyimbo na soya cyangwa n' ibinyabijumba nk' ibirayi n' ibijumba ; Gutoragura ibishorobwa bya nkongwa idasanzwe mumurima no kubyica ; Gukoresha umuti wica udukoko utera cyane cyane mu mwumba nka : Cypermethrin 4 % + profenofos 40 % ( roket , target , cypro , jaket ) ku rugero rwa mililitiro 1 kugera kuri 2 z' umuti muri litiro 1 y' amazi , Lambda - Cyhalothrin garama 50 / litiro , ku rugero rwa mililitiro 1 kugera kuri 2 z' umuti muri litiro 1 y' amazi ; Pyrethrum 5 % EWC , ku rugero rwa mililitiro 8 muri litiro 1 y' amazi . Acetamiprid garama 20 muri litiro + Lambda - Cyhalothrin garama 16 muri litiro na mililitiro 4 kugera kuri 6 muri litiro y' amazi .
Imungu ni agasimba kangiza ibigori mu bigega no mu bubiko . Imungu ikuze ifite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 3 na cm 3 , 5 kandi isa n' umukara cyangwe se igihogo kijimye . Ku gice cy' igituza cyayo hagara utuntu tumeze nk' udutobore . Utwo tuntu tumeze nk' udutobora tugaragara kandi dutonze umurongo ku dusanduka tubika amababa kandi dutwikiriye igihimba k' inyuma . Utwo dusanduka tubika amababa dufite utudomo tw' umutuku wijimye cyangwe oranje yijimye . Imungu kandi ifite umunwa muremure usongoye , n' amahembe atereye ku ntugu . Amhembe afite ingingo umunani . Igishorobwa cy' imungu gisa n' umweru kandi nta maguru gifite . Imungu n' icukura imyobo mu mpeke ikinjiramo , ikarya iby' imbere byose , igisiga gusa agahu k' inyuma rimwe na rimwe kariho ifu yera y' uwanda wayo . Iyo uyize impeke mu maze , impeke zose zireremba ziba zariwe n' imungu .
Imungu mu bigori irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira : Gusarura ibigori byamaze kwera , ntibitinde mu murima , koko ishobora kutangira kwangiza umusaruro ; Kumisha neza ibigori umaze kubisarura , byaba nagomba waramaze ugasubira ukabyumisha kuburyo ugera ku buhehere mu mpeke buri hagati ya 12 % na 14 % ; Guhuunika umusaruro ahantu habugenewe , hafite isuku , ntampeke z' ibigori zindi cyangwe se impeke z' ibindi bihingwa zihari , nta mukungu , umusenyi n' ibindi byose bishobora gutea umwanda ; Gukoresha imiti yica imingu n' ibishorobwa byayo ukurikiza amabwiriza yose aba ari kumwe n' umuti wahisemo . Imwe mu muti wakoresha yemewe mu Rwanda ni iyi : Malathion 2 % w / w , Dust ; Malathion 2 . 0 % w / w + Permethrin 0 . 3 % w / w ; Profenofos , 40 % EC ; 50 % EC ; Pyrethrins , 75 % w / w EC ; Pyrimiphos - Methyl 400g / l + 75g / l Permethrin , EC ;
Kanyugunyugu ni agasimba kari mu bwoko bw' ibinyugunyugu kagiriza ibigori mu bigega no mu mu biko . Akanyugunyu ka “ Angoumois grain month ” ni gato cyane kareshya na milimetero 5 kugeza kugeza kuri milimetero 7 , ariko gapimwe amababa arambuye kageza kuri milimetero 20 . Umutwe ( head ) n' igituza n' amahembe ameze nk' urushinge asa n' igihogo cyijya kweruruka . Amababa y' imbere ni maremare , asa n' igohogo cyijya kweruruka cyangwe n' umuhondo wijimye kandi afite utudomo tujya kwirabura . Igihimba cy' inyuma gisa n' igihogo . Amajyi ariburungushuye , asa n' umweru iyo ikinyugunyugu kikiyatera agahita ahindura ibara agasa n' umutuku . Igishorobwa cyayo gikurira mu ruheke rumwe , gisa n' umuhondo werurutse , umutwe wacyo usa n' umutuku werurutse kandi umuze nkaho winjiye mu mubiri . Igishorobwa cya “ Angoumois grain moth ” nicyo cyagiza impeke cyane kuko ikinyugunyugu gitera amagi mu twenge duto kiba cyaciye ku buri ruheke . Igi rimwe kuri ruheke rikavamo igishorobwa kimwe . Uko gikura karya iby' imbere byose biri mu ruheke . Imbere y' uko kiva mo igikoneshwa kigaca akobo gato gasohoka hanze hanyuma kigahita kiba igikonoshwa . Igikonoshwa kirakura nko muminsi 10 hanyuma kikavamo ikinyugunyugu . Icyo kinyugunyugu kigahita gisoka giciye mur ka kabo gaciwe n' igishorobwa imbere y' uko kiba igikonoshwa . Impeke zariwe n' igishorobwa ziba zifite umwuka unuka .
Indwarea ya kanyugunyugu irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira : Kumisha neza ibigori umaze kubisarura kuburyo ugera ku buhehere mu mpeke buri hagati ya 12 % na 14 % ; Guhunika umusaruro ahantu habugenewe , hafite isuku , nta mpeke z' ibigori zindi cyangwe se impeke z' ibindi bihingwa zihari , nta mukungu , umusenyi n' ibindi byose bishobora gutea umwanda ; Gukuraho ibyatsi byaba biri hafi y' ubuhunikiro ; Buri cyumweru kugeza ku byumweru bibiri , gusura ubuhunikiro , ukareba niba na twenge turi ku mpeke ; Gukoresha imiti yica udusimba two mu buhunikiro kandi ukurikiza amabwiriza yose aba ari kumwe n' umuti wahisemo . Imwe mu muti wakoresha yemewe mu Rwanda ni iyi : Malathion 2 % w / w , Dust ; Malathion 2 . 0 % w / w + Permethrin 0 . 3 % w / w ; Profenofos , 40 % EC ; 50 % EC ; Pyrethrins , 75 % w / w EC ; Pyrimiphos - Methyl 400g / l + 75g / l Permethrin , EC ;
Ibigori byeze bigeze igihe cyo gusarurwa birangwa n' ibi bikurikira :
Mu gusarura ibigori , amahundo avanwa ku bigorigori akagumishwaho ibishishwa cyangwa bikavanwaho bitewe n' ubwanikiro buzakoreshwa , kandi bigomba gusarurirwa mubikoresho bifite isuku kandi hirindwa ko byahura n' ubutaka .
Mu gutwara ibigori biva mu murima , hakoreshwa uburyo butandukanye , ariko ni ngombwa kwitwararika kugira ngo impeke zitangirika , kubitwara mubikoresho bifite isuku kandi bidashaje , ikindi ningombwa kwirinda ko ibigori bitanyagirwa cyangwa ngo bihure n' igitaka .
Uburyo bwo kanika ibigori : Kubera ko ibigori biba byasaruwe bitumye neza , ni ngombwa kubyanika kugira ngo byume neza . ushobora kwifashisha ibikoresho bitandukanye nk' igisharagati , imbuga yabugenewe , kumabaraza y' inzu , kubirago , shitingi . Icyitonderwa : Kirazira kwanika ibigori kurusenge kuberako byangiza ubwiza bw' umusaruro ; Ibigori bigomba kwanikwa kubikoresho bifite isuku kandi hakirindwa ko byahura n' ubutaka . Hari nubundi bwoko bwa shitingi bwanikwaho ibigori bwitwa Collapsible Dryer . Iyi shitingi iba ifite ibara ry' umukara , iryo bara nkuko tubizi rikurura izuba cyane iyo wanitseho rero byuma vuba cyane . Ikindi iyi shitingi iba ifite ibice bibiri bihuzwa n' imashini kuburyo iyo wanitse imvura ikagwa uhita utwikira ugafunga ukaza kubyara nyuma imvura ihise . Ikindi iyi shitingi yanikwaho ibigori byinshi ugereranyije nizingi zisanzwe .
Guhungura ibigori bikorwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira : Mugihe cyo guhungura ibigori bigomba gukoranwa ubushishozi hirindwa ko intente zimeneka , ushobora gukoresha intoki cyangwa imashini zabugenewe ningombwa ko mbere yo kugura imashini ihungura ugomba kubanza kumenya ko ifite ubuziranenge bityo bikakurinda kwangiza umusaruro .
Mu gutoranya umusaruro w' ibigori hashobora gukorwa ibi bikurikira : Gukuramo imyanda yose , umukungugu , amabuye , igitaka , ibyatsi n' ibindi ; Gukuramo izindi mbuto zitari ibigori ; Gukuramo imbuto zangiritse :
Guhunika ibigori bikorwa muri ubu buryo : Guhunika ibigori bikorwa mu buryo bwitondewe hitabwa ku bintu by' ingenzi bikurikiraGuhitamo aho guhunika : Hagomba kuba hatanyagirwa cyangwa ngo harekemo amazi ; Kuba hatari ubuhehere bwinshi ; Hashobora kwinjiza umwuka ; Kuba hatari ibyonyi nk' imbeba , imiswa n' ibindi ; Gusukura aho guhunika no kuhatera imiti ; Guhitamo uburyo bwo gupanga imifuka ; Gusukura imyaka no kurebaniba yumye neza ikaba ifite ubuhehere bwa 13 % Gusukura imifuka ; Gutandukanya sitoki y' imyaka ishaje n' imishya ; Kutarambika imifuka hasi hagakoreshwa imbaho cyangwa amabuye .
Ibintu by' ingenzi bigira uruhare runini mu kwangirika kw' imyaka n' ibigori ni ibi :
Ingano ni igihingwa gikunda ubutaka bw' isi ndende bufite ifumbire y' imborera ihagije kandi buhitisha amazi .
Gutegura umurima wo gihingamo ingano bisaba ibikurikira : Imirimo isabwa : kurwanya isuri , kurima bwa mbere mu gihe haraye no kurima bwa kabiri ari byo gutabira no kuringaniza intabire mbere yo gutera imbuto .
Amoko yamamazwa y' ingano ni aya akurikira : Hari Nyaruka ( Eagle 10 ) , Kibatsi ( EN 161 ) , Nyangufi ( EN 48 ) , Majyambere , Mizero , Cyumba , Rengerabana , Gihundo , Reberaho , Keza , Njoro BW II na Chozi .
Amafumbire akoreshwa mu Gufumbira ingano ni aya akurikira : Bakoresha hagati ya toni 20 na 30 z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza nibura ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo kubiba . Bongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda kg 100 za DAP kuri Hegitari . Iyo fumbire ivangwa n' imbuto mbere yo gutera . Nyuma y' ibyumweru 3 kugera kuri 6 , bongeramo 50 kg za urea kuri Ha . Mu butaka busharira babanza gushyiramo hagati ya toni 2 kugeza kuri toni ; 2 . 5 z' ishwagara kuri Ha nibura ibyumweru 2 mbere yo gutera . Ishwagara imara mu butaka ibihembwe bine by' ihinga ( 4 seasons ) mbere yo kongeramwo indi .
Imbuto y' ingano ikoreshwa kuri hegitari ni iyi ikurikira : Umuhinzi akoresha 100 ibiro by' imbuto y' ingano kuri Ha . Atera amisha ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 20 hagati y' imirongo Batera muri Nzeri mu gihembwe cy' ihinga A no muri Werurwe mu gihembwe cy' ihinga B .
Kurwanya kubabuka kw' amabibi ni ugukoresha imbuto zidafatwa n' iyo ndwara .
Mu gufata neza ingano mu murima hakorwa ibi : Mu mirimo y' ingenzi twavuga kumenera nyuma y' ibyumweru 2 kugeza 3 ingano zimeze , kubagara no gusukira igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa kugeza ihundo rimaze kuzura , kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi hakoreshejwe amoko yihanganira indwara , gutera imiti , imitego y' imbeba n' amafuku , kwamurura inyoni n' ubundi bwose bushoboka .
Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' umugese w' umuhondo mu ngano : Indwara irangwa n' ifu y' umuhondo werurutse cyangwa ujya kuba oranje . Iyo fu iba itondetse mu turongo duto , twegeranye , kandi dutadunkanye mu burebure . Ifu igaragara akenshi ku mababi , rimwe na rimwe ikaboneka ku mahundo , ku nkondo y' ihundo no ku bikobokobo by' amababi . Uburwayi bukabije butera igwingira ry' igihingwa , kuma kw' amababi akuma , n' igabanuka rikabije ry' umusaruro . Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka mu gihe cy' ubuhehere buri hejuru ya 70 % buvanze n' ubushyuhe buri hagati ya degere 10 - 20 , ubwinshi bugera kuri 25 .