C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Ibiranga Indwara y' imvura ( Kababu ) mu nyanya ; Iyi ndwara ikara cyane mu gihe cy' ubukonje n' ubuhehere bwinshi , Ikwirakwira vuba ikaba yakwangiza igihingwa mu gihe gito , Iyi ndwara ifata ibice byose by' igihingwa . Ibimenyestso bigaragara munsi y' amababi nkuruhumbu naho hejuru y' amababi bisa nkicyababutse . Uko birinda Indwara y' imvura ( Kababu ) mu nyanya ; Gusimburanya ibihingwa . Isuku mu murima . Kudatera ingemwe hafi y' inyanya zikuze . Kuvanaho ibisambo kugirango urumuri rubashe kwinjira mo . Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb ( Dithane , Safari - Zeb ) cyangwa Mancozeb + Metalaxyl ( Ridomyl , Victory , . . ) . Uko bavura Indwara y' imvura ( Kababu ) mu nyanya ; Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb + Metalaxyl ( Ridomyl , Victory , . . ) . gukoresha imiti irimo cuivre nka FUGURAN ; Vanga garama 50 z' umuti muri litiro 20 z' amazi ;
Ibiranga Indwara y' ibidomo ku mababi n' imbuto ( Early Blight ) Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo kitwa Alternaria solani . Ikagaragazwa n' ibidomo bisa n' ikigina birimo inziga ku mababi , ku ruti no kumbuto aho inkondo ifatiye . Ikunda kuboneka mu bice bishyuha kandi bifite ubuhehere buke . Uko birinda Indwara y' ibidomo ku mababi n' imbuto ( Early Blight ) Gusimburanya ibihingwa bitari mu muryango umwe nyuma y' ibihembwe bitatu , Kwirinda ko umurima urekamo amazi , Gukura mu murima ibisigazwa by' inyanya , Guha igihingwa ifumbire ihagije . Ibyiza ni ushyiramo inyongeramusaruro mu byiciro bitatu .
Ibiranga Indwara ya Kirabiranya iterwa na bagiteri mu nyanya ; Iyi ndwara akenshi ituruka mu butaka burwaye . Irangwa n' uko igihingwa kirabirana kidahinduye ibara cyane nkaho cyatemwe mu mizi . Uruti rusohokamo umushongi w' umweru usa n' amata iyo urukase ukarushyira mu mazi . Uko birinda Kirabiranya iterwa na bagiteri mu nyanya ; Kubahiriza isimburanya bihingwa . udakomeretsa imizi cyangwa amababi mu gihe cyo gutera , gukuraho ibisambo , … Guhinga mu butaka bwumutse . Kurandura igihingwa cyafashwe ukimara kubona Ibimenyetso ; Uko bavura Kirabiranya iterwa na bagiteri mu nyanya ; Nta muti uhari uvurara ubu burwayi . Ni ngombwa kubwirinda .
Ibiranga Indwara ya Virusi z' inyanya ( Infunyarazi , mozayike , ) Ibimenyetso bya virusi ni ibi bikurikira : kugwingira kw' igihinga , kwikunja kw' amababi , kuma ibice by' amababi n' uruti , kubemba kw' amababi . Indwara ziterwa na virusi zikwirakwizwa mu nyanya n' imbuto zirwaye , isazi y' umweru thrips n' inda z' ibihingwa . Uko birinda Virusi z' inyanya ( Infunyarazi , mozayike , ) Kurwanya udukoko dukwirakwiza ubu burwayi . Gutera imbuto itarwaye . Kudakomeretsa igihingwa mu gihe cyo gutera , gukuraho ibisambo , … Uko bavura Virusi z' inyanya ( Infunyarazi , mozayike , ) Nta miti yihariye yica virus .
Ibiranga Indwara y' Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto ( Blossom end rot ) Ububore buterwa n' ibura ry' umunyungugu wa kalisiyumu , bigaterwa cyane n' amazi make aba ari mu butaka . Mu bihe by' ubushyuhe cg igihe hiriwe humagaye bakavomereza amazi menshi , bituma igihingwa kidashobora gufata vuba kalisiyumu mubutaka . Uko birinda Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto ( Blossom end rot ) Kuhira witonze mu gihe cy' ubushyuhe humagaye cyane cyane mu cyiciro cyo kuzana urubuto . Gukoresha ifumbire y' imborera ihagije . Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka igihe ari ngombwa . Gusasira Ubutaka kugirango bugumane ubuhehere .
Igitera Indwara y' urunyo rw' amababi n' imbuto mu nyanya ; Ni ikinyugunyugu bita Tuta absoluta , gitera amagi ku mababi inyo zinjira mu mababi . Zitobora n' imbuto z' inyanya zikinjiramo imbere . Uko birinda Indwara y' urunyo rw' amababi n' imbuto mu nyanya : Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima hahingwa ibindi bitari mu muryango umwe n' inyanya nk' ibigoli , ibishyimbo , amashu , . . Gukuramo ibisambo n' inyanya zamaze gufatwa bigatabwa , Gukoresha imitego ifata ibinyugunyugu mu murima no munkengero zawo . Uko bavura Indwara y' urunyo rw' amababi n' imbuto mu nyanya :
Ibiranga Indwara y' ibyonnyi mu nyanya nk' inda y' umweru cyangwa tiripusi : Ubu busimba bukunze gufata cyane cyane amababi n' uruti bikiri bito , indabo n' amababi . Inda na tiripusi bikwirakwiza virusi kubihingwa . Uko birinda indwara y' ibyonnyi mu nyanya nk' inda y' umweru cyangwa tiripusi : Gukikiza ibigori umurima w' inyanya kuko aryohera cyane agakurura inda zikava ku nyanya . Kubungabunga inshuti z' abahinzi nk' udukoko turya inda . Urugero : udusurira , urutambara , … Kwirinda guhora ukoresha ubwoko bw' umuti umwe kuko inda ziwumenyere ntizipfe ahubwo zikororoka vuba . Uko bavura indwara y' ibyonnyi mu nyanya nk' inda y' umweru cyangwa tiripusi :
Inyongeramusaruro zikenewe kuri are imwe n' ingano yazo mu guhinga ibitunguru : Ingano y' umurama : garama 40 ; Imborera : ibiro 250 ; Ifumbire ya NPK : ibiro 3 ; Ifumbire ya KCl : Ibiro 1 . 8 ; Ifumbire ya Ire : Ibiro 1 . 5 ; Umubare w' Ingemwe :
Gutera ingemwe mu buhumbikiro bw' ibitunguru bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Ubuhumbikiro bushyirwa ahantu hatigeze hahingwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n' ibitunguru nka tungurusumu , n' ibindi nibura mu bihembwe cy' ihinga gishize . Ubuso bw' ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba 4 % by' umurima wose uzaterwamo . Mbese metero kare enye ku murima wa Ari imwe . Hategurwa ubuhumbikiro bufite ubugali bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri metero 1 na sentimetero makunyabiri n' ubujyejuru bwa sentimetero 20 kugirango amazi abashe gusohoka mu butaka . Vanga amashyi atatu y' imborera iboze neza ibiro 35 n' ubutaka bwo hejuru : amashyi atatu yuzuye ibiro 3 kugera 5 kuri metero kare imwe , na garama 20 za NPK 17 17 17zingana n' udufuniko 2 tw' icupa ry' amazi icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika ; Igihe cyo kwinaza , ringaniza ubutaka , uce imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bw' igice cya sentimetero kandi itandukanijwe na sentimetero 5 . Umurama ushyirwa muri ya mirongo yaciwe ku ntera ya sentimetero 1 hagati y' imbuto ; hanyuma hakarenzwaho agataka gacye bagatsindagira gahoro .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Gusasira hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye neza . Nyuma y' iminsi hagati yi 7ni 10 , ingemwe ziba zimaze kumera maze isaso igakurwaho . Vomerera mu gitondo kare na nimugoroba . Ubaka igisharagati ariko usige aho imirasire y' izuba inyura haboneke urumuri ruringaniye . Bagara buri gihe ndetse wicire ingemwe mugihe zicucitse . Tera umuti urwanya indwara mu gihe ari ngombwa . Gabanya kuvomerera mu byumweru bibiri mbere yo kugemura .
Gutegura umurima no gutera ingemwe z' ibitunguru bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Umurima uhingwa neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa sentimetero 30 . Vomerera ingemwe mbere yo kuzitera uzitere mu gitondo kare ; Ibitunguru biterwa ku ntera ya sentimetero 20 hagati y' imirongo na sentimetero 10 hagati y' igitunguru n' ikindi mu murongo . Ca uduferege dufite ubujyakuzimu bwa sentimetero 5 . Ushyiremo imborera yuzuyeye amashyi , na NPK 17 17 17 ingana n' agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye ku murongo wa metero 1 na KCl ingana n' agafuniko kamwe ka fanta ku murongo wa metero ebyiri uyivange neza n' itaka .
Kwita kugihingwa cy' ibitunguru bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Gusasira : bikorwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gutera . Kuvomerera : Bikorwa ukimara gutera bigakomeza igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango uburwayi butabona aho bwororokera . Kongeraho Ire : Nyuma y' ibyumweru 6 uteye , shyiramo ifumbire ya Ire ingana na kg 1 . 5 kuri ari ( agafuniko kamwe ka fanta ku murongo wa metero imwe ) . Kubagara : Bi bikorwa igihe cyose ari ngombwa kandi ukaboneraho gusukira wegereza itaka ku bitunguru . Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' ibitunguru bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Ibitunguru biba bigeze igihe cy' isarura igihe imitwe ireba hasi , ni ukuvuga hagati y' amezi 3 na 4 bitewe n' ubwoko bw' ibitunguru . Mbere yo gusarura ukuraho itaka ritwikiriye ikijumba cy' igitunguru habura nibura ibyumweru bibiri ngo usarure . Gusarura ibitunguru ubirandura ukoresheje intoki , iyo hakomeye ugakoresha agacyamuro . Nyuma yo gusarura , sanza ibitunguru ku mbuga isukuye neza cyangwa ubundi bwanikiro bwabugenewe kandi wanike ahantu hagera izuba ; ubireke byume kugeza igihe imizi n' amababi byumye . Katira amababi nko kuri sentimetero ebyiri n' igice hejuru y' ikijumba cy' igitunguru ndetse unakate yamizi yumye . Ibitunguru bikomeza kwanikwa ahagera imirasire y' izuba itari myinshi kandi hagera umwuka mu gihe cy' ibyumweru 2 na 3 ; Ibitunguru bibikika neza igihe ijosi ryabyo ryumywe neza kuburyo urikanda ukabona nta mazi akirimo . Umusaruro w' ibitunguru ushobora kugera kuri toni 25 kuri hegitari .
Ibiranga Indwara y' imvura cyangwa Milidiyu mu bitunguru ; Ibidomo cyangwa amabara byeruruka ku mababi bitwikiriwe n' agafu k' ikigina . Amababi areruruka nyuma akaba umuhondo . Imitwe y' amababi iruma . Uko birinda Indwara y' imvura cyangwa Milidiyu mu bitunguru ; Kwirinda gutera ingemwe zirwaye , Gusimburanya neza ibihingwa , Gutera mu butaka bwumutse , Kudacucika ibitunguru igihe cyo gutera , Kuvana mu murima ibisagazwa by' ibihingwa bigakorwamo ifumbire , Gutera umuti wo kurwanya uduhumyo . Uko bavura Indwara y' imvura cyangwa Milidiyu mu bitunguru ; Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb + Metalaxyl cyangwa gukoresha imiti irimo copper nka Copper oxychloride ku bipimo bya 37 . 5g / 15l z' amazi .
Ibiranga Indwara y' ibidomo cyangwa Ariterinariyoze mu bitunguru ; Iyi ndwara igaragara mu gihe cy' imvura nyinshi . Itangira igaragazwa n' ibikomere biretse amazi ku mababi nyuma bikaba ikigina . Nyuma , irangwa n' ibidomo byijimye imbere ariko byerurutse ku ; muzenguruko wabyo ; Uko birinda Indwara y' ibidomo cyangwa Ariterinariyoze mu bitunguru ; Gutera igihe cyiza bitewe n' aho umurima uherereye , Amoko y' ibitunguru bigira ubwoya yihanganira ubu burwayi ugereranije n' atabugira , Gutera ku mitabo , no gutegura neza umurima . Kudacucika ibitunguru ; igihe cyo gutera , Gusimburanya ibihingwa , Kuvana mu murima ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa , Gutera mu butaka bwumutse . Icyitonderwa : Ubutaka burekamo amazi ntibuberanye n' ibitunguru . Uko bazivura Indwara y' ibidomo cyangwa Ariterinariyoze mu bitunguru ; Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb + Metalaxyl cyangwa gukoresha imiti irimo copper nka Copper oxychloride ku gipimo cya garama 37 . 5g muri litiro 15 z' amazi .
Ibiranga Indwara y' Umugese mu bitunguru ; Iyi ndwara igaragara cyane igihe cy' ubuhehere bwinshi buvanze n' ubushyuhe buringaniye cyangwa buke . Iyi ndwara ifata kumababi ikarangwa n' ibidomo bifite ifu ifite ibara rishyira umutuku cyangwa orange nyuma bikaba umukara . Amababi yafashwe cyane ahinduka umuhondo nyuma agahita yuma atarakura bityo bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka . Uko birinda Indwara y' Umugese mu bitunguru ; Gutera ku mitabo , Kudacucika ibitunguru igihe cyo gutera , Gusimburanya ibihingwa , Kuvana mu murima ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa , Kwirinda gufumbiza azote irengije ikigero cyagenwe ; Uko bavura Indwara y' Umugese mu bitunguru ; Gukoresha imiti irimo copper nka Copper oxychloride cyangwa Copper Oxide ku gipimo cya 37 .
Ibiranga Indwara y' Umugese ( Thrips ) mu bitunguru ; Tiripusi ni udukoko duto cyane tungana na mirimetero 1 kandi tugenda cyane . Twangiza ibitungura turuma abababi tukanyunyuza amatembagihingwa . Amababi yafashwe agira amabara y' umweru avanze n' ibidomo by' umuringa . Utu dukoko dusiga umwanda ugaragazwa ku mababa nk' utudomo tw' umukara . Utu dusimba tugomba kugenzurwa hakiri kare kuko tugira ingaruka ikomeye ku musaruro . Uko birinda Indwara y' Umugese ( Thrips ) mu bitunguru ; Ubutaka bugomba guhora bufite amazi ahagije ; Kwirinda gukoresha ifumbire ya Azote irenze urugero ; Kubagara neza kuko utu dukoko twihisha mu bwatsi ; Gusukura ahakikije umurima ; Kurandura ibyafashwe cyane ; Uko bavura Indwara y' Umugese ( Thrips ) mu bitunguru ; Gutera imiti yica udukoko irimo profenofos nka Profenofos 40EC , Roket , …
Inyongeramusaruro zikenewe kuri ari imwe n' ingano yazo ugiye gutera tungurusumu nizi zikurikira : Ingano y' imbuto : Ibiro 5 cyangwa Ibijumba 3 , 600 ; Imborera : ibiro 250 ; Ifumbire ya NPK : ibiro 3 ; Ifumbire ya KCl : Ibiro 1 ; Ifumbire ya Ire : amagarama 800 ; Umubare w' Ingemwe :
Tungurusumu iterwa hifashishijwe ibijumba . Ni ngombwa ko umuhinzi agenzura ko imbuto ntaburwayi ifite kandi agategura ibijumba bifite umubyimba wa milimetero 8 ni 10 .
Gutera tungurusumu bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Hinga neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa sentimetero 30 ; uringanie umurima kandi , umenagure ibinonko byose ndetse ukuremo amabuye n' ibyatsi . Ca uduferege dufite ubujyakuzimu bwa sentimetero 5 dutandukanijwe na sentimetero 20 . Ushyiremo imborera yuzuyeye amashyi , NPK 17 17 17 cyangwa agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye ku murongo wa metero imwe na KCl agafuniko kamwe ka fanta ku murongo wa metero ebyiri uyivange neza n' itaka .
Kwita ku gihingwa cya tungurusumu bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gusasira : Ukimara gutera , sasira umurima wawe ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye neza . Kuvomerera : Bikorwa ukimara gutera bigakomeza igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango uburwayi butabona aho bwororokera . Kubagara : Bikorwa igihe cyose hagarayemo ibyatsi bibi . Kunyuza isuka mu murima mbere yuko ibijumba bitangira gukura nibyiza kuko byoroshya ubutaka bikabona aho bibyibuhira . Ntabwo ari byiza guhinga mu murima wa tungurusumu ibijumba byaramaze gukura kuko byatuma byangirika . Kongeraho Ire : Nyuma y' ibyumweru 6 uteye , shyiramo ifumbire ya Ire ingana n' agafuniko kamwe ka fanta ku murongo wa metero imwe . Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi : bikorwa kimwe nko ku bitunguru .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro wa tungurusumu bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Tungurusumu isarurwa iyo imitwe yayo imaze guhinduka umuhondo cg ikigina . Ibijumba byayo byera nyuma y' iminsi 130 - 180 umaze gutera bitewe n' ubwoko n' igihe cy' ihinga . Gusarura kare bituma umusaruro wangirika kimwe nuko gutinda gusarura bituma ibijumba bimerera mu murima ; Tungurusumu isarurwa bakurura imitwe iyo ubutaka bworoshye cg se ugakoresha ikindi gikoresho mu koroshya ubutaka . Umusaruro wa tungurusumu kuri hegitari uba hagati ya toni 10 - 20 bitewe n' ubwoko ; Tungurusumu zanikwa mu gicucu mugihe cy' iminsi 7 - 10 kugira ngo amazi agabanukemo bityo zigakomera . Tungurusumu ushobora kuzanika zifite imitwe cg wayiciriye kuri cm 2 . 5 uvuye ku kijumba . Tungurusumu zumutse neza zishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire ahantu hose hahitisha umwuka .
Inyongeramusaruro zikenewe kuri ari imwe n' ingano yazo mu guhinga watermelon nizi zikurikira : Ingano y' umurama : garama 5 ; Imborera : ibiro 250 ; Ifumbire ya NPK : ibiro 3 n' igice ; Ifumbire ya Ire : garama 650 ; Umubare w' Ingemwe :
ingemwe za watermelon ziterwa mu buryo bukurikira : Hinga neza ku bujyakuzimubwa sentimetero 30 , Ringaniza , Kuramo amabuye n' ibyatsi byose . Cukura imyobo ingana na sentimetero 30 z' umurambararo na sentimetero 30 z' ubujyakuzimu ku ntera ya metero 2 kuri metero 1 . Shyira muri buri mwobo ibiro bitanu by' imborera cyangwa amashyi 5 , na garama 35 za NPK 17 17 17 cyangwa udufuniko dutatu n' igice tw' agacupa k' amazi . Ifumbire ivangwa neza n' itaka . Kura ingemwe mu bihoho maze uzitere mu myobo yateguwe witonze ku buryo itaka ryo ku mizi rigumaho .
Kwita kugihingwa cya watermelon bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Gusasira : Ni ngombwa gusasira watameroni hakoreshwa ibyatsi byumye neza . Kuvomerera : Nyuma yo gutera ni ngombwa guhita bavomerera . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango hatabaho kororoka kwihuse kw' indwara ziterwa n' uduhumyo . Kubagara : Kubagara bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima . Kongeramo ifumbire y' imvaruganda : kuri buri rugemwe bongeraho garama 35 cyangwa udufuniko dutatu n' igice tw' icupa ry' amazi za NPK 17 17 17 nyuma y' iminsi 30 bateye na garama 13 cyangwa agafuniko kuzuye k' icupa ry' amazi za Urea nyuma y' iminsi 60 bateye . Iyi fumbire ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w' urugemwe aho imizi igarukira . Kwicira umugozi : Kugirango watameroni igire imigozi myiza izeraho ibihaza , ni ngombwa guca umutwe w' umumero nyuma y' amababi 6 . Ibi bituma hashibuka amashami maze umuhinzi agahitamo amashami 4 meza . Kuri aya mashami 4 , ni byiza ko rimwe ridaheka ibihaza kugirango rizatunge ayandi .
Kuva uteye ugomba gutegereza nibura iminsi hagati ya 90 ni 120 ugatangira kureba ibimenyetso byuko ibihaza bikomeye byasarurwa . Ibiranga igihaza cya wotameloni cyeze ni ibi bikurikira : Utugozi tugenda dufata kubyatsi tugenda duhinduka umuhondo cyangwa tukuma . Igihaza gihindura ijwi iyo ugikubise nikiganza kivuga n' ijwi rinini , ariko bisaba ubuhanga cyangwa kubimenyera kugirango ubimenye . Imigozi myinshimumurima igenda igaragara nkihonga cyangwa ikuma . Saruraneza igihaza kugirango kimare igihe . Ningombwa cyane kugisarurana n' inkondo . Mu gusarura , wirinda kuba igihaza cyagucika kikikubita hasi kukogisaduka vuba . Igihaza kuva igihe cyasaruriwe , gishobora kumara nibura ibyumweru bibiri kigifite ubuzima .
Ibiranga Milidiyu y' ifu ( Powdery mildew ) muri watermelon ; Ibidomo cyangwa amabara byeruruka ku mababi bitwikiriwe n' agafu k' ikigina . Amababi areruruka nyuma akaba umuhondo . Imitwe y' amababi iruma . Uko birinda Milidiyu y' ifu ( Powdery mildew ) muri watermelon ; Gusimburanya neza ibihingwa , Kuvana mu murima ibisagazwa by' ibihingwa bigakorwamo ifumbire , Gutera umuti urimo sufure cyangwa cuivre ; Uko bavura Milidiyu y' ifu ( Powdery mildew ) muri watermelon ; Gutera umuti urimo sufure nka Sulfur 80 % ( Thiovit ) cyangwa umuti urimo cuivre nka Kopper oxychloride ku gipimo cya garama 37 . 5 kuri litiiro 15 z' amazi .
Ibiranga Indwara y' imvura ( Downy mildew ) muri watermelon ; Iyi ndwara irangwa n' ibara ry' umuhondo ukeye ku bice by' ikibabi . Mu gihe cy' ubukonje , uruhumbu ; rufite ibara ry' ikijuju gishyira ; umweru rugaragara mu nsi y' amababi . Amababi arwaye arihinahina hanyuma akuma . Iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa n' imvura n' umuyaga . Uko birinda Indwara y' imvura ( Downy mildew ) muri watermelon ; Kwirinda gutera ingemwe zirwaye , Gusimburanya neza ibihingwa , Gutera mu butaka bwumutse , Kudacucika ibitunguru igihe cyo ; gutera , Kuvana mu murima ibisagazwa by' ibihingwa bigakorwamo ifumbire , Gutera umuti wo kurwanya uduhumyo . Uko bavura Indwara y' imvura ( Downy mildew ) muri watermelon ; Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb wongeyeho Metalaxyl cyangwa gukoresha imiti irimo copper nka Copper oxychloride ku bipimo bya garama 37 . 5 muri litiro15 z' amazi .
Ibiranga Kirabiranya / ( Fusarium wilt ) muri watermelon ; Amababi agenda ararabirana ahereye ku yakuza , nyuma n' imigozi yose igafatwa bikuma . Uko birinda Kirabiranya / ( Fusarium wilt ) muri watermelon ; Gukoresha imbuto nziza mu gihe ugiye gutera , Kuhira ubutaka cyane mugihe cy' izuba , Gukurikiranya neza ibihingwa . Kubangurira ; Uko bavura Kirabiranya / ( Fusarium wilt ) muri watermelon ; Kurandura ibyafashe .
Ibiranga Akaribata ( anthracnose ) muri watermelon ; Ni indwara yangiza cyane wotameloni n' ibindi bihaza . ifata ibice byo hejuru y' ubutaka . Igaragazwa n' ibidomo by' ikigina ku mababi akuze , ahafashwe nyuma haruma hakaba umukara ndetse hagatoboka . Ibimenyetso byo ku mababi bishobora no kugaragara no ku gihaza ( imyobo y' ikigina ku gihaza ) . Uko birinda Akaribata ( anthracnose ) muri watermelon ; Gutera imbuto zihanganira indwara , Gusimburanya neza ibihingwa : Kurandura inzuzi z' ibihaza zimejeje . Uko bavura Akaribata ( anthracnose ) muri watermelon ; Gutera umuti urimo Mancozeb wongeyeho Metalaxyl cyangwa gukoresha imiti irimo copper nka Copper oxychloride ku gipimo cya garama 37 . 5g muri litiro15 z' amazi .
Ibiranga Inda cyangwa Ubuhunduguru muri watermelon ; Ni agakoko gafite nka milimetero hagati y' imwe n' ebyiri z' uburebure ; gatungwa no kunyunyuza ; ibimera gafasheho . Gafata cyane cyane amababi n' uruti bikiri bito , indabo n' amababi yo hasi . Inda zikwirakwiza virusi nyinshi zitera indwara . Umushongi w' inda ukurura uduhumyo ; tw' umukara dukwikira ikibabi bigatuma kitakore neza ibitungagihingwa . Uko birinda Inda cyangwa Ubuhunduguru muri watermelon ; Kubungabunga inshuti z' abahinzi udukoko turya inda . Urugero : Utunyamacwende , urutambara , … Kwirinda guhora ukoresha ubwoko bw' umuti umwe kuko inda ziwumenyere ntizipfe ahubwo zikororoka vuba .
Inyongeramusaruro zikenewe kuri ari imwe n' ingano yazo n' izi zikurikira : Ingano y' imbuto : Garama 500 ; Imborera : ibiro 250 ; Ifumbire ya DAP : ikiro kimwe na garama 600 ; Ifumbire ya KCl : Ikiro kimwe na garama 300 ; Ifumbire ya Ire :
Gutera Imiteja bikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Sekera mbere y' ibyumweru bibiri imvura itaragwa , usanze neza mu gihe cy' itera . Koresha buri gihe imbuto yujuje ubuziranenge ipakiye mu gapaki keza , ivuye ku mucuruzi wizewe , ifite ubwiza kandi ikihanganira indwara . Gucukura uduferegedufite ubbujyakuzimu bwa sentmetero 10 kandi dutandukanijwe na sentimetero 40 . Shyira muri buri gaferege imborera iboneze neza . Hakoreshwa amashyi yuzuye neza ku murongo wa metero imwe . Ongeraho DAP yuzuye agafuniko kamwe ka Fanta kuzuye cyane ku murongo wa metero imwe DAP ijya kuri ari imwe ni ikiro kimwe na garama 600 kg . Ongeraho DAP yuzuye agafuniko kamwe ka Fanta kuzuye cyane ku murongo wa metero imwe DAP Ijya kuri ari imwe ni ikiro kimwe na garama 300 kg . Shyira intete mu gaferege ku ntera ya sentimetero 10 . Twikira neza n' itaka kuburyo utamenya aho agaferege kari gacukuye .
Imirimo y' ingenzi yo kwita ku gihingwa cy' imiteja ikorwa muburyo bukurikira : Kuvomerera : Gushyiramo amaziburi gihe ni ngombwa cyane kuko ubuhehere bugira ingaruka ku ireme n' ubwiza bw' umusaruro . Kubura amazi mu gihe cy' ururabo bitera cyane kuma k' ururabo bityo umusaruro ukagabanuka . Ni ngombwa gukoresha milimetero 35 mucyumweru ugitera kugera muminsi 10 ikurikiraho , ugakoresha milimetero 50 mu cyumweru mu minsi ikurikira kugera mu gihe cy' urururabo . Kubagara : Ibyatsi bibi bigomba kurandurwa buri gihe kuko bicuranwa n' ibihingwa amazi n' ibitungakimera bigakorwa mbere y' uko ururabo ruza . Mu kubagara witondera kudahungabanya imizi y' igihingwa . Wirinda kubagara igihe imiteja y' ibishyimbo itangiye kuzana indabyo . Gusukira : Sukira ibihingwa uzamura agataka kugirango wirinde isazi y' ibishyimbo ifata ku ruti hasi . Ibi bikorwa imiteja ifite amababi 4 . Kongeraho Ire : Nyuma y' ibyumweru 4 bateye : hakoreshwa garama 18 cyangwa udufuniko tubiri tw' icupa ry' amazi ya Nil twuzuye neza kuri buri murongo wa metero 10 .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' imiteja bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Imiteja migufi isarurwa mu byumweru 6 kugera ku byumweru 8 imaze guterwa igasarurwa inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 . Imiteja ishingirwa itangira gusarurwa mu byumweru 8 imaze guterwa igasarurwa inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 . Imiteja isarurwa ikiri uruteja kandi yoroshye itarera ngo ihwane Gutinda gusarura imiteja si byiza kuko bigabanya ubwiza bwayo ugasanga ifite imitsi myinshi . Gusoroma bigomba gukorwa mu gihe runaka gihoraho urebye kabiri cyangwa gatatu mu cyumweru , mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa nimugoroba cyane iyo hariho amafu kugira ngo idatakaza ubwiza bw' umusaruro . Imiteja isarurwa witonze inkondo zikaguma ku ruti . Gusarura mu bihe by' ubukonje n' imvura si byiza . Gusa iyo ikirere kidatanga umucyo , imiteja iramburwa ku gitambaro gisa neza kugira ngo yumuke mbere y' uko ipakirwa . Ikigereranyo cy' umusaruro ni hagati y' ibiro 6 , 000 kugeza ku biro 10 , 000 kuri Hegitari bitewe n' uko ibihingwa byafashwe . Imiteja yasaruwe ishyirwa mu gitete cyaplastike gisukuye kandi gitwikiriwe n' igitambaro gisukuye . Imiteja yasaruwe igomba gutoranywa cyangwa yajonjowe iyo yumutse ikanashyirwa mu makarito . Batoranya imiteja imeze neza idakomeretse itariwe n' udusimba kandi ifite umubyimba ugororotse wa miimetero 6 kugeza kuri milimetero 9 n' uburebure bwa sentimetero 10 . Si byiza kuvanga imiteja n' ibindi bintu cyangwa n' izindi mbuto mu bubiko bumwe kuko bituma isaza vuba . Imiteja ishobora kubikika ahantu hari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 4 kugeza ku 7 . 5 n' ubuhehere bwa 95 % kugeza 100 % mu gihe kingana n' icyumweru kimwe kugeza ku byumweru bibiri .
Ibimenyetso biranga Tiripusi z' ururabo mu miteja ; Ubusimba bunyunyuza indabo bugatuma haza inkovu no kubengerana kw' amababi . Iyo ubusimba bubaye bwinshi butuma indabo zihunguka . Imiteja irabengerana ikigonda ku buryo itakaza agaciro . Uko barwanya Tiripusi z' ururabo mu miteja ; Gutera imiti y' ubusimba kuva ibishyimbo bifite amababi 2 kugera bigeze mu rurabo birafasha cyane .