C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Ibyo ikibuti / kaje igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira : Kuba nini kuburyo urukwa ruryama neza kandi rukirambura ku Mpande zose za kaje ; Kuba ndende kugirango urukwavu rubashe guhagarara kumaguru neza kandi amatwi yarwo adakora hejuru kuri kaje . Kuba ndende bihagije kugirango urukwavu rubashe gutembera cyangwa gusimbuka neza , kurya ndetse no kunywa amazi . be long enough so that it can move around , feed and drink . Nkuko bisanzwe , urukwavu rugomba gusimbuka nibura inshuro 3 kuva ku Nguni imwe kugera ku yindi . Muri make , aho urukwavu rumwe rugomba kuba hagomba kuba hangana na 15 . 24 x 5 . 08 x 5 . 08 = 393 cm2 naho gukinira hangana na 20 . 32cm x 10 . 16 cm = 206 . 5 cm2 .
IMIRIRE N ' IMIGABURIRE Y ' INKWAVU : Inkwavu muri rusange zigabanijemo ibyiciro bine ukurikije ibiryo zikenera : · Inkwavu zikura nizibyibushwa ; · Inkwavu zinyagazi zidafite amezi n' izitonsa hamwe n' amasekurume ; · Inyagazi zifite amezi ; · Inyagazi zonsa utwana ; Buri cyicyiro cy' inkwavu gikenera ibiryo byihariye ku ngano zitandukanye . Umworozi aba agomba kubahiriza ayo mabwiriza kugirango inkwavu zibashe gutanga umusaruro uko bigomba . Urukwavu ni itungo rirya ubwatsi kandi rushobora kurya inshuro imwe cyangwa ebyiri kw' isaha . Ibiryo by' inkwavu biri mu byiciro bikurikira : 1 . Ubwatsi : ubwatsi bwumye , amababi y' imigano , amababi y' igitoki , amababi ya sesibaniya , n' ibindi . 2 . Imboga : Ibyatsi , ibisigazwa by' imboga , imboga , Alfalfa , Clover n' ibindi , ibijumba , n' ibindi . 3 . Ibiryo by' inganda ( kosantere ) : Ibinyampeke , ibikomoka kumatungo n' ibisigazwa by' inganda ( Bulanda , n' ibindi ) . 4 . Peleti zakozwe n' inganda . Urukwavu ni itungo rituza ( rufite igifu kimwe ) kandi rugaburira ubwatsi n' ibinbimera birimo intungamubiri nka proteyine , ibitera imbaraga , imyunyu ngugu , vitamine n' amavuta muburyo bwihariye bwo gufasha inkwavu gukura neza . Umworozi agomba kwitonda mu gihe agabuye peleti kugirango yirinde afulatixine . Muri rusange , inkwavu zirya 25g ya peleti ku munsi kugirango urukwavu rugire 2 . 25kg mu minsi 90 . Iyo rumaze kubagwa mu minsi 90 , ruba rufite ibiro hagati ya 1 na 1 . 2 kg .
Intungamubiri zisabwa mu biryo by' inkwavu ( kuri DM ) : Urukwavu rukenera intungamubiri zitandukanye bitewe n' icyiciro rwororerwamo ( rabbit class ) , ibiro rufite , n' uruhare rufite mu musaruro ( nko konsa , gukura , gutegurwa kubagwa , n' ibindi ) . 1 . Inyagazi zikura cyangwa isekurume zitegurwa kubagwa : Iyo ifite ibiro 1 . 8 kg , ikenera 114 g by' ibiryo ku munsi , bifite 16 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 2 . 3 kg , ikenera 136 g by' ibiryo ku munsi , bifite 16 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 2 . 7 kg , ikenera 155 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 16 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 3 . 2 kg , ikenera 173 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 16 % ya proteyine . 2 . Inyagazi cyangwa isekurume zitarimo gutanga umusaruro : Iyo ifite ibiro 2 . 3 kg , ikenera 91 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 12 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 3 . 4 kg , ikenera 150 g by' ibiryo ku munsi , bifite 12 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 6 . 7 kg , ikenera 205 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 12 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 2 . 3 kg , ikenera 114 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 12 % ya proteyine . 3 . Inyagazi zifite amezi ( ziteguye gusama cyangwa gusamye ) : Iyo ifite ibiro 4 . 5 kg , ikenera 186 g by' ibiryo ku munsi , bifite 15 % ya proteyine . Iyo ifite ibiro 6 . 7 kg , ikenera 255 g by' ibiryo ku munsi . bifite 15 % ya proteyine . Hari n' inyagazi ya 2 . 3 kg itaragaragajwe ibiryo ikenera ( biracyabuze / ntabyatangajwe ) . bifite 15 % ya proteyine . 4 . Inyagazi yonsa utwana 7 : Iyo ifite ibiro 4 . 5 kg , igomba guhabwa ibiryo bifite 17 % ya proteyine ( ntihagaragajwe ingano y' ibiryo mu magarama ) . Iyo ifite ibiro 6 . 7 kg , na yo igomba kubona ibiryo bihwanye n' ubwo buremere , ariko ntihatangajwe ingano yabyo . bifite 17 % ya proteyine ; Note : Bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa NRC ( 1966 ) , biteganyijwe ko urukwavu rukura ku rugero rwa 32 g ku munsi , bityo ibyo rugaburirwa bikagomba kuba bihuye n' icyo cyiyongerwa .
Ku rukwavu ruri mu cyiciro cyo kubaho gusa , rukeneye imbaraga zingana na 2100 Kcal / kg , proteyine ya 17 % , amavuta 2 % , fibre 14 % , kalisiyumu 0 . 7 % , fosifori 0 . 5 % , umunyu 0 . 25 % , Vitamine A ingana na 7000 IU / kg , Vitamine E ya 40 mg / kg , na Vitamine K ya 2 mg / kg . Ku rundi ruhande , urukwavu ruri mu cyiciro cyo gukura , guhaka cyangwa konsa rukeneye imbaraga zingana na 2500 Kcal / kg , proteyine ya 21 % , amavuta ari hagati ya 3 na 5 % , fibre iri hagati ya 10 na 12 % , kalisiyumu 1 . 8 % , fosifori 0 . 7 % , umunyu 0 . 50 % , Vitamine A ingana na 7500 IU / kg , Vitamine E ya 50 mg / kg , na Vitamine K ya 2 mg / kg .
Umworozi agomba kugabura ubwatsi kugeza kuri 85 % kunkwavu zorowe neza . Umworozi agomba kugabura nibura 16 % bya proteyine : Isekurume n' Inyagazi zibaho gusa — 120 g / day ; Inyagazi zifite amezi — 240g / day ; Inyagazi zonsa utwana — 480 g / day ; Inyagazi zikura / zibyibushwa ( nyuma yo gucuka kugeza kubagwa : 3 - 4 amezi ) — 960 g / day ; Gutanga amazi meza igihe cyose . Ibiryo byinkwavu bigomba kugira nibura 0 . 5 % by' umunyu .
Ibyitabwaho mu kugabura inkwavu : 1 . Ibiryo bigabuwe bigomba kuba bishyashya ; 2 . Ubwatsi bwumye hamwe na kosantere bigomba kubikwa ahantu humutse kandi hizewe . 3 . Ubwatsi bwumye bushobora kubikwa bitarenze umwaka umwe ( 1 an ) 4 . Kosantere ntizigomba kurenza ukwezi 1 . 5 cyangwa amezi 2 zibitswe . 5 . Kugabura bigomba gukorwa ku masaha azwi kandi mu buryo bw' isuku ; 6 . Birabujijwe gusesagura ibiryo . Ibiryo bishyirwa mu buriro kugeza mu ½ cy' uburiro . 7 . Uburiro bugomba kozwa neza cyane kandi buri munsi .
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugaburira inkwavu bitewe na kategori zirimo ; 1 . Inkwavu zigomba kurya ubwatsi . Bibaye byiza zigahabwa kosantere . 2 . Gabanya indyo y' inkwavu ½ ku munsi yabyariyeho . 3 . Ongera ingano y' ibiryo buhoro buhoro kuva ku munsi wa 3 kugeza ku munsi wa 7 . 4 . Yuma y' iminsi 7 , gaburira inyagazi yonsa utwana utitaye ku ngano y' ibiryo ( permanence ) 5 . Vanga umunyu mu biryo ku kigero cya 1 % . Umunyu umeze nka kabuye nawo uremewe ; 6 . Vitamine A iboneka mu bwatsi bwumye ( hay ) cyangwa mu binyabijumba ; 7 . Vitamine B iboneka mu binyamisogwe no mu myanda y' inkwavu yoroheje ( Coprophagie ) 8 . Birabujijwe gutanga ibiryo bifite uruhumbu cyangwa bitari bishyashya . 9 . Umworozi agirwa inama yo kugabura 130 g za peleti ku rukwavu ku munsi hamwe n' ibindi biryo kugirango ikiguzi cy' ibiryo kigabanuke ; 10 . Mbere yo kugabura ubwatsi bubisi , banza ubwanike ; 11 . Mu gihe cyo gucutsa utwana , ongera mu biryo by' utwana ubwatsi bwumye buhorobuhoro mu rwego rwo gukumira diyare ; 12 . Inkwavu zigomba guhabwa amazi meza igihe cyose .
Ku borozi bifuza kwikorera peleti mu buryo busanwe , bakurikiza aya mabworiza : · Ibinyamisogwe n' ibinyampeke ; 70 % · Ibinyasukari ; 15 % · Proteyine cyangwa ifu y' amafi ; 10 % · Izindi ingerediya , harimo n' imyunyu ngugu ; 5 % .
Ntukagaburire inkoko ibi bikurikira : · Ubwatsi bwatsindagiwe burimo ubushyuhe kuko butera kubabara munda kw' inkwavu ; · Ubwatsi bwo ku gasozi buriho imyanda y' imbwa , injangwe cyangwa izindi nyamaswa kuko bishobora gutera indwara y' inzoka cyangwa koksidiyoze ; · Ubwatsi bwateweho imiti . Urugero ni insektiside .
Si byiza ko umworozi ahindurira indyo inkwavu zitamenyereye ako kanya . Ibyo bikozwe kuriya , inkwavu zishobora kurwara cyane cyangwa zigahita zipfa nubwo byaba ari kosantere . Ni byiza ko umworozi ahindura indyo buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe inkwavu zimenyereye iyo ndyo nshanshya .
Ingano y' amazi inkwavu zikenera ku munsi ; · Urukwavu rukuze : 150 - 500ml ; Inyagazi yonsa :
1 . ENTÉROTOXEMIE ( ANTEROTOGISEMI ) Iyi ndwara iboneka mu bworozi bugezweho cyane cyane ku inkwavu zonsa kandi zikuze . Akenshi inkwavu zipfa zitarerekana ibimenyetso . Inkwavu zibyaye rimwe cyangwa Kabiri zipfa mu gihe zonsa . Inyagazi zabyaye kandi zishaje zo zipfa zenda kugeza igihe cyo kubyara . Igitera Entérotoxemie : Kalisiyumu nkeya mu mubiri w' inkwavu ; Umuti wa Entérotoxemie : Iyi ndwara nta muti igira usibye kuyirinda gusa ; Uburyo yirindwa :
1 . INDWARA Y ' AMENYO ( MALOCCLUSIONS DENTAIRES ) Uko urukwavu rugenda rukura niko n' amenyo akura . Niba urukwavu rudahawe amahirwe yo kurya ubwatsi , amenyo yarwo akura nabi ( impingikirane ) bigatuma urukwavu rumira ibiryo rutabanje gukanjakanja . Icyo gihe bitera indwara zigogora ; Umuti wayo :
Indwara ya IPERIKALISEMI ( HYPERCALCÉMIE ) y' Inkwavu ; Impamvu ; · Ibiryo bifite kalisiyumu nyinshi cyane ; · Kudaha inkwavu amazi ahagije ; Ibimenyetso ; · Kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maganga : iki gitera indwara ya urolithiase . · Urukwavu rukunze kwibasirwa na cystitis cyangwa amabuye mu ruhago cyangwa impyiko .
Indwara ya IPOKALISEMI ( HYPOCALCÉMIE ) y' INKWAVU ; Ubuke bwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri w' inkwavu butera indwara yitwa “ rachitisme ” ku nkwavu ntoya na “ ostéomalacie ” ku nkwavu zikuze . Ibimenyetso ; Amagufa yoroshye ; Amaguru y' urukwavu aroroha kandi akagira ubusembwa ; Kubura kwa kalisiyumu gufata nibindi bice . Urugero : amenyo ndetse n' amagufa yo mu mutwe . Indwara z' amenyo ; Umuti ; Gutanga ibiryo bifite kalisiyumu inkwavu zikeneye ; Gushira inkwavu hanze ku kazuba ( ubuke bwa vit D butera kubura kwa kalisiyumu ) Byumvikaneko Vitamine D iva mu biryo by' inkwavu ariko inkwavu zikenera imirasire y' izuba ( UVB ) kugirango vitamine D ikorwe .
UBUKE BWA VITANIME A ( DEFICIT IN VIT A ) MU NKWAVU ; Igitera kubura vitamin A ; · Kugarura ubwatsi bwumye bumaze amezi 6 bufunze ; · Kugarura ibinyampeke bimaze amezi byarasaruwe 6 ; · Kugabura vitamin nkeya mu biryo ; Ibimenyetso : · Gukura buhoro buhoro ; · Kurwaragurika ; · Amatwi aragwa kubera kubura imbaraga ; · Guhuma amaso ; · Gucumbagira ; · Kugabanuka kuburumbuke .
GUTANGA VITAMINE A NYINSHI ( EXCESS OF VIT A ) · Kubura imbaraga ; · Kubura ubushake bwo kurya ; · Gutakaza ibiro kwitungo ; · Inyagazi zishobora kuramburura ; · Kubyara utwana dufite ubusembwa ; · Uburumbuke buragabanuka ; Erini yo mu bwonko ( hernie du cerveau ) Umuti ; · Tanga ubwatsi bwimye buvanze n' ubwatsi bubisi :
1 . INDWARA YA MIXOMATOZE NA RVHD Y ' INKWAVU ; Indwara ya mixomatoze na RVHD ni indwara ziterwa na virusi kandi zica cyane inkwavu . Kugeza ubu , izo ndwara ntizirabonerwa umuti . Igishoboka cyonyine ni ukuzikingira . Mixomatoze ni virus ikunda guterwa cyane n' imibu ( moustiques ) . Iyi ndwara ikunda gukwirakwizwa iyo inkwavu zihuye nizindi zirwaye cyangwa ibikoresho biriho ako gakoko . Ibimenyetso byiyi ndwara bihita byigaragaza vuba . Ibimenyetso : · Guhumeka nabi ; · Umuriro mwinshi ; · Kunanirwa ; · Ibibyimba ( œdèmes ) ku mutwe , mu kanwa , mu maso ) rimwe na rimwe no ku mubiri wose .
1 . INWARA YA TEIGNE CYANGWA DERMATOPHYTE Y ' INKWAVU ; Teigne ni indwara ituma urukwavu rutakaza ubwoya ku ruhu ( ku mutwe , amatwi , amaguru , inda y' amaganga ) . Inkwavu zarwaye teigne ntabwo zishima ku ruhu keretse igihe iyo ndwara yabaye nyinshi . Inkwavu ziri mu kigero cya 1 . 5 na mezi 3 nizo zifatwa cyane niyi ndwara . Umworozi agomba kvura urukwavu nibura mu gihe cy' ibyumweru 4 . Icyitonderwa : Teigne ni indwara ifata umuntu ( zoonosis ) . Koresha akarinda ntoki ( gloves ) mu gihe uvura urukwavu rurwaye indwara ya Teigne . Uko teigne yirindwa : · Kora isuku mu kiraro ; · Tera umuti mu kiraro ; Uko ivurwa : Oza inkwavu ukoresheje umuti wabugenewe wa akaricide .
INDWARA Y ' IBIHUMYO ( MYCOSES ) y' INKWAVU ; Indwara y' ibihumyo ifata cyane cyane ku birenge by' inkwavu . Udukoko 2 nitwo dutera indwara y' ibihumyo ; · Trichophyton mentagrophytes ; · Microsporum canis , iboneka cyane cyane mu bwoya bw' inkwavu . Aka gakoko gaturuka kumbwa cyangwa ijangwe . Uburyo yirindwa : · Gukumira imbwa n' injangwe ku biraro by' inkwavu ; · Gukora amasuku y' ikiraro ; · Koza inkwavu n' umuti wa akariside ; Uko yirindwa ; · Kogosha ubwoya aho indwara iri ; · Gutanga umuti wa griseofulvine 25 - 50 mg / kg ( oral administration ) kugeza ku byumweru 2 . Indi miti ikoze mu mavuta ( crème ) nayo irakoreshwa : · Clotrimazole cream / lotion ; · Enilconazole spray ; · Itraconazole ; · Terbinafine ; · Miconazole ( crème ) .
INDWARA YA KORIZA Y ' INKWAVU ( CORYZA CONTAGIEUX ) Iyi ndwara yanduye cyane kandi yigaragaza binyuze mu kwitsamura no kuva ibimwira mu mazuru ndetse n' amarira mu maso . Coryza ni indwara ikaze , ishobora gufatwa mu matwi , mu bihaha cyangwa no gutera indwara zo mu mutwe . Inkwavu zirokoka iyi ndwara ya coryza ntabwo zikira neza . Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mugihe ubuvuzi bwahagaritswe . Hariho bagiteri zitandukanye zishobora gutera coryza ku rukwavu . Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara turi mu bwoko bwa : Bagiteri ya Pasteurella ; Bagiteri ya Bordetella ; staphylocoques ; mycoplasmes . Uburyo koriza ivurwa ; · Antibiyotike hamwe na ; · Antiseptike . Ibyo byombi bifasha urukwavu gukira vuba . Uburyo koriza yirindwa : 1 . Isuku mu kiraro cy' inkwavu ; 2 . Kugenzura ubuzima bw' inkwavu buri gihe ; 3 . Karantine : tandukanya inkwavu zifite ibimenyetso byerekana indwara ya coryza kugirango wirinde ikwirakwizwa ry' indwara ; Kugabura indyo yuzuye ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri z' ingenzi bizamura ubudahangarwa bw' urukwavu .
1 . INDWARA y' APHTES ( IBISEBE , URUHERI ) y' inkwavu ; Ikibitera : Ibirondwe ( acariens ) . Utu dukoko dufata imbere mu matwi y' urukwavu ; Ibimenyetso : ü Kuzunguza umutwe buri kanya ; ü Kwikuna ku matwi bitewe n' uburibwe ; ü Ibisebe n' inkovu z' ibisebe mu matwi ; ü Amatwi ashobora gucika cyangwa akavaho ; Uko yirindwa ; ü Gutera umuti wa carbaryl mu kiraro cy' inkwavu ; ü Gutera inkwavu umuti wa ivermectine ; Icyitonderwa :
Indwara y' Umusonga mu nkwavu ; Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu gihe cy' ubukonje ndetse no mu biraro bidafite umwuka uhagije .
1 . Indwara yo Kubabara munda kw' Inkwavu ( Gastro - intestinal complication ) Iyi ndwara iterwa cyane cyane n' ibiryo bifite umwanda . Ishobora na none guterwa n' amazi adasukuye .
1 . Inzoka zo munda ( ascaris ) z' Inkwavu ; Iyi ndwara iterwa cyane cyane no kugabura ubwatsi bubisi . Uko yirindwa ; · Gutanga imiti y' inzoka buri mezi 3 .
5 . Indwara ya Afflatoxins mu nkwavu ; Iterwa n' ibiryo byayemo uruhumbu . Urugero ni Aspergillus flavus cyangwa A . fumigatus . Ibimenyetso ; · Kubura ubushake bwo kurya ; · Kunanuka ; · Impiswi y' amaraso ; · Inkwavu zirapfa ; Uko yirindwa ; Gukuramo ibiryo byanduye no gutanga antibiotike ( Coopermycin ) .
Indwara y' Impfu z' utwana duto ; Impfu z' abana b' inkwavu ; Impamvu :
UBURYO BWO KWIRINDA INDWARA MU NKWAVU MURI RUSANGE : 1 . Isuku ihoraho y' ikiraro , ikibuti , ubunywero , uburiro ; 2 . Amazi agomba kuba asukuye , bishobotse agashirwamo umuti mu rwego rwo kugabanya mikorobe ; 3 . Gukubura , kuvana imyanda mu kiraro , guhindura isaso n' ibiryo byanduye ; 4 . Gutandukanya inkwavu zirwaye n' izitarwaye ; 5 . Kuvura inkwavu zirwaye ; 6 .
Girinihawuzi ni inyubako isakajwe isakaro ryemerera urumuri guhita , ifite ingano ihagije ku buryo bwemerera ibihingwa gukura neza no gutanga umusaruro uhagije mu bwinshi no mu bwiza . Girinihawuzi ziri amoko menshi hashingiwe ku ngano , uko zubatse ( imiterere , ishusho y' igisenge , … ) , ibikoresho bizubatse , icyo zikoreshwa ndetse n' ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa zihingwamo .
Guhinga muri giriniwahuzi bigira akamaro gakurikira : Guhingamo utagendeye ku bihe by' imvura , Kurinda ibihingwa ingaruka z' ihindagurika ry' ibihe ( imvura nyinshi , amahindu , umuyaga mwinshi , izuba ryinshi cyangwa urubura ) , Kurinda ibihingwa ingaruka z' imirasire mibi y' izuba hakoreshejwe isakaro ryabugenewe . Kugabanya ingano y' ifumbire n' amazi bikoreshwa mu buhinzi , Yihutisha gukura vuba kw' ibihingwa no kwera vuba , Kugabanya indwara n' ibyonnyi mu bihingwa , Kongera ubwiza n' ubwinshi bw' umusaruro kandi hahinzwe ku buso buto .
Girinihawuzi zishobora gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira : Guhinga ahantu hari ubutaka bwananiranye ; Guhinga mu mijyi n' ahayikikije ; Guhinga ibihingwa bitanga umusaruro woherezwa mu mahanga ; Ubutubuzi bw' imbuto n' ingemwe z' ibihingwa ; Kumenyereza ingemwe zatuburiwe muri laboratwari ; Guhinga ibihingwa bidakunze kuboneka ndetse n' ibivamo imiti .
Inyubako ( igikanka n' isakaro ) Inyubako ya giriniwahuzi iba igizwe n' ibice bibiri by' ingenzi : igikanka n' isakaro . Igikanka kigizwe n' inkingi , imitambiko n' igisenge kandi gishobora kubakwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma , imigano cyangwa ibiti . Isakaro ritwikira impande zombi z' igikanka kandi rishobora kuba kimwe muri ibi bikurikira : Amasashe ahitisha urumuri rurenze 80 kugera 100 % , afite uburyo bwo gutuma amazi adatonyanga ku bihingwa ahubwo akamanukira ku muhero w' uruhande rw' ishashi . Ibirahure : birahenze bikoreshwa gusa ahantu hakonja cyane . Akayungiro ( net ) .
Ubu buryo bugizwe n' ikigega cyangwa aho kubika amazi , utuyunguruzo tw' amazi , amapompo , amatiyo ajyana amazi n' ayuhira ibihingwa . Bugizwe kandi n' ibikorwaremezo byo gufata amazi atakoreshejwe ndetse n' ay' imvura aturutse ku gisenge . Girinihawuzi zimwe na zimwe zinagira uburyo bwo gupima ubuhehere ku buryo hakoreshwa mudasobwa mu kumenya niba kuhira bikenewe . Uburyo bwo kuhira hakoreshejwe igitonyanga kuri buri gihingwa ( drip irrigation ) ni bwo bwiza cyane kubera impamvu zikurikira : Gukoresha neza amazi , Kuhira aho amazi akenewe ku gihingwa kugira ngo urwanye ikura ry' ibyatsi bibi , ibyonnyi n' indwara , Kubasha kuhira mu gihe cya ngombwa cyane cyane mu gihe igihingwa kimera , Gukoresha amafumbire anyuze mu mazi kandi ku buryo ibihingwa bigerwaho ku kigero kimwe . Kugera ku gipimo cy' imera kiri hejuru ; Kubona umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza ; Nubwo uburyo bwo kuhira hakoreshejwe igitonyanga kuri buri gihingwa ari bwiza , bufite imbogamizi zikurikira : Busaba uburyo bw' amafaranga ugereranyije n' ubundi buryo bwo kuhira , Busaba ubumenyi no guhora bwitabwaho , Kuhira butonyanga ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cy' ubushyuhe cyangwa kugabanya ubukonje mu gihe cy' urubura , aha bakoresha kuhira buvura ( sprinkler irrigation ) Udukoresho dutanga ibitonyanga ku bihingwa dukunda kuziba bigasaba uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi buhambaye ; Bitera kwikusanya kw' imyunyu iruhande rw' igihingwa ;
Uburyo bwo gukoresha amafumbire avanze n' amazi muri girinihawuzi : Muri girinihawuzi , biba byiza iyo hakoreshejwe ifumbire mvaruganda iyengera mu mazi kandi ikanyuzwa mu mpombo zo kuhira zitanga igitonyanga cy' amazi ku gihingwa . Akamaro k' ubu buryo ni ukugabanya igiciro cyo kuhira no gufumbira kuko bikorerwa icyarimwe no guha igihingwa ingano y' ifumbire gikeneye gusa .
Uburyo bwo gutera imiti Muri girinihawuzi : Muri girinihawuzi ziteye imbere cyane , ubu buryo buba bubangikanye n' uburyo bwo kuhira aho imiti ivangwa n' amazi mu mapompo n' amatiyo agera ku bihingwa .
GUFUMBIRA MURI GIRINIHAWUZI bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ibihingwa kimwe n' ibindi binyabuzima bikenera ibibitunga kugira ngo bikure neza kandi bitange umusaruro uhagije . Iby' ingenzi bitunga igihingwa ( imyunyu ntungagihingwa ) ni 17 , muri byo hari ibiva mu kirere , mu mazi no mu butaka . Aha turibanda ku myunyu igihingwa gikura mu butaka kuko arinayo akenshi umuhinzi yongera mu butaka iyo bibaye ngombwa . Mur' iyo myunyu hari ikenerwa ku gipimo cyo hejuru ariyo ikurikira : Azoti ( N ) , Fosifori ( P ) , Potasiyumu ( K ) , Kalisiyumu ( Ca ) , Manyeziyumu ( Mg ) , ubutare ( Fe ) , Umuringa ( Cu ) , Boroni ( B ) , Manganeze ( Mn ) , Moribudene ( Mo ) na Korole ( Cl ) . Gufumbira bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe nk' ubwo mu murima gusa hakiyongeraho ubundi buryo bw' umwihariko muri girinihawuzi . Urugero : 1 ) Gukoresha ifumbire ivangwa n' amazi yo kuhira butonyanga ( fertigation ) : muri ubu buryo igihingwa gihabwa ibigitunga hifashishijwe kohereza ifumbire ivanze n' amazi yuhira mu butaka gitewemo ; akamaro k' ingenzi ko gukoresha ubu buryo nuko imyunyu n' amazi igihingwa gikenera bihita bigera ku mizi y' igihingwa ku buryo byihutisha ikoreshwa ryabyo , ubu buryo kandi bukoresha ifumbire neza kuko bugabanya ingano y' ifumbire ikoreshwa , uretse kugabanya ifumbire ikoreshwa ubu buryo bunagabanya abakozi n' imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gufumbira . 2 ) Uburyo budakoresha itaka ( hydroponics ) : igihe bahinze badakoresheje ubutaka busanzwe , ibihingwa bihabwa ibibitunga hakoreshejwe kuvanga ifumbire n' amazi bikuhirwa butonyanga cyangwa se bigaterwa mu mazi avanze n' ifumbire . 3 ) Ifumbire iterwa kumababi : ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gihe igihingwa kidashobora gukura ibigitunga mu butaka ( imizi irwaye , ubutaka burimo amazi menshi … . ) mu gihe igihingwa cyagaragaje ibimenyetso byo kubura umunyu runaka gikeneye . Hakoreshwa ifumbire iyengera mu mazi . Bushobora gukoreshwa kandi igihe hakenewe ko umunyu ugera mu gihingwa ku buryo bwihuse . Icyitonderwa : Amafumbire akoreshwa muri girinihawuzi ni menshi .
Uburyo bwo gukumira indwara n' ibyonnyi ; Bugizwe n' aho gutekera ubutaka , gusukura ibikoresho n' inyubako hakoreshejwe imiti yabigenewe , aho bajugunya ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa bivuyemo , aho bakandagira binjira muri girinihawuzi .
Uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gucunga ikirere cyo muri girinihawuzi ; Ubu buryo bugizwe n' ibikoresho bifata ibipimo by' ubushyuhe , urumuri , umuyaga n' imvura yaguye . Bugizwe kandi n' ibikoresho bifasha mu kwinjiza cyangwa gusohora umwuka , ibibuza ubushyuhe gusohoka , ibigabanya ubushyuhe bwinjira , n' ibikoresho bishyushya .
Ibindi bigize girinihawuzi . Uretse ibivuzwe haruguru muri iki gice cya kabiri , girinihawuzi ishobora kugira n' ibi bikurikira : Uburyo bwo kuyobora / guhembera / gushingirira ibihingwa , Ububiko bw' ibikoresho , amafumbire n' imiti , Aho gutunganyiriza umusaruro , Ibyumba bikonjesha , Laboratwari .
Guhitamo ahazubakwa girinihawuzi : Ibigenderwaho mu guhitamo ahubakwa girinihawuzi ni ibi bikurikira : a ) Ubuhaname : ahubakwa girinihawuzi ntihagomba kuba mu gishanga kuko amazi ahareka yatera ibibazo . Ntihagomba kandi kuba hahanamye bikabije kuko gusiza ndetse n' indi mirimo yo kubaka , gutwarayo ibikoresho no kuhakurikirana byagorana . Imiterere y' ahazubakwa girinihawuzi niyo igena akazi kazakorwa ndetse n' amafaranga azakagendaho cyane cyane mubijyanye n' ubwikorezi , ndetse n' imiyoboro ikamura amazi . b ) Umuyaga n' urumuri rw' izuba : ni byiza guhitamo ahantu hari ibyahagarika cyangwa byagabanya umuyaga ukabije kugira ngo udasenya girinihawuzi ; aha twavuga nk' inyubako ndende cyangwa imisozi . Girinihawuzi igomba kubakwa ku ntera ingana n' inshuro 2 . 5 z' uburebure bw' inyubako cyangwa ibiti biyikikije kugira ngo bitabangamira ingano y' urumuri rwinzjira . Urugero : Igihe girinihawuzi igiye kubakwa hafi y' igiti gifite uburebure bwa m 10 , girinihawuzi izubakwa ku ntera ya m 25 ( ni ukuvuga m 10 x 2 . 5 ) uvuye kuri icyo giti . c ) Imiterere y' ubutaka : ubutaka bugomba kuba bwumutse neza kandi amazi yo munsi y' ubutaka akaba ari kure kugira ngo birinde igihingwa kuba cyakwangizwa n' imyunyu cyangwa ibindi bibazo bitandukanye . d ) Imiterere y' ikirere : kureba niba ikirere cy' aho hantu kiberanye n' igihingwa uzashyira muri girinihawuzi . e ) Amazi : ahazashyirwa girinihawuzi hagomba kuba hegereye amazi . Amazi akoreshwa agomba kuba atarimo imyunyu , udukoko , mikorobe zitera indwara ibihingwa cyangwa ibindi bintu bihumanya . f ) Kuba hafi y' ibikorwaremezo : kuba hari imihanda , amashanyarazi , kuba hari abacuruzi b' inyongeramusaruro no kuba haboneka abakozi ku buryo butagoranye .