C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Uko indwara y' umugese w' umuhondo ukwirakwira mu ngano : Aka gahumyo gashobora gutwarwa n' umuyaga , ukakageza ku ntera ndende aho gashobora gutera uburwayi ku zindi ngemwe . Gashobora kandi gukwirakwizwa n' imyenda , intoki n' inkweto by' abagendagenda mu murima w' ingano . Imvura cyangwa ikime byihutisha gufatwa kw' igihingwa n' iyo ndwara .
Indwara y' umugese w' umuhondo mu ngano yirindwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gutera ingano zihanganira iyi indwara kandi kare ; Kurandura ingano za kimeza ziboneka hagati y' ibihembwe by' ihinga ; Gusimburanya ingano n' ibindi bihingwa ; Gutera umwe mu miti ikurikira : Tebuconazole nka Orius : miligarama 30 muri Litiro 20 z' amazi ; Copper Oxychloride ( Nordox , Funguran ) : garama 30 muri Litiro 20 z' amazi .
indwara ' umugese w' umukara mu ngano irangwa n' ibidomo / ibituri ku ruti , mababi , ku kivovo cyangwa ingobyi y' ikibabi no ku mahundo iyo ikabije kuba nyinshi . Ibidomo bigira ibara ry' umutuku ujya kuba ikigina , bikagenda bihinduka umutuku weruye , ikiginda kijimye , nyuma bigahinduka umukara . Ahafashwe n' iyo ndwara harahanda . Indwara itubya umusaruro ku gipimo gishobora no kurenga 70 % .
indwara y' umugese w' umukara mu ngano iterwa n' agahumyo gakwirakwizwa n' umuyaga . Indwara igira ubukana mu gihe cy' amanywa ashyushye n' ubuhehere buhagije bwa nijoro . Umuyaga ushobora gukwirakwiza icyorezo kugeza ku ntera ndende cyane . Imvura igira uruhare runini mu gutuma agahumyo gafata ku gihingwa .
kwirinda no kurwanya indwara y' umugese w' umukara mu ngano bikorwa ku buryo bukurikira : Guhinga imbuto zihanganira indwara kandi hakiri kare . Gukoresha ifumbire ikwiye ku bipimo bikwiye kandi ku gihe . Kurandura kimeza buri gihe . Kugabanya urujya n' uruza rw' abantu mu murima w' ingano . Kubagara igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Gusimburanya ingano n' ibindi bihingwa . Gutera umuti wa tebuconazole uvangwa ku gipimo cya mililitiro imwe kuri litiro imwe y' amazi . Umuti uterwa mu gihe cy' iterera , mbere y' uko indwara igaragara .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara y' uruhumbu mu ngano ni ibi bikurikira : Irangwa n' ifu y' ikijuju , isa n' ivu . Uruhumbu rugaragara cyane cyane ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw' amababi , ku kivovo / ingobyi y' ikibabi no ku bishishwa by' impeke ndetse no ku mahundo . Nyuma yo gutuma ivu ryeruruka , amababi yafashwe ahinduka umuhondo , nyuma akuma . Iyo indwara ifite ubukana bwinshi , igihingwa kiragwa kubera intege nke , ikitarakura bihagije kikagwingira , impeke ntizizakomere , ahubwo n' izigerageje gukomera zigapfunyarara . Indwara ishobora gufata ingano igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kuva zikiri ingemwe kugeza ziri hafi kwera . Uruhumbu rutubya umusaruro kugera kuri 45 % .
Uko indwara y' uruhumbu mu ngano ikwirakwizwa n' umuyaga , kwanduzanya kw' ingemwe ziri mu murima , kimeza n' ibisigazwa by' ingano zirwaye . Ubukana bw' indwara bwiyongera akenshi ku mbuto itihangana , ikirere gifite hejuru ya 85 % by' ubutote n' ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 15 na 20 , urumuri ruke , azote nyinshi bikabije mu butaka n' ingano zicucitse zibona urumuri ruke .
Kwirinda no kurwanya indwara y' uruhumbu mu ngano bikorwa ku buryo bukurikira : Guhinga imbuto zihanganira indwara . Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda uko bikwiye , kandi ku gihe . Kurandura kimeza buri gihe . Kubuza abantu benshi kugendagenda mu murima w' ingano ; Kubagara igihe cyose ari ngombwa ; Gusimburanya ingano n' indi myaka . Gutera umuti wa tebuconazole uvangwa ku gipimo cya mililitiro imwe kuri litiro imwe y' amazi .
Imungu mu ngano zitobagura intete zigateramo amagi , zigaturagiramo kandi zigatungwa n' ibirimo imbere . Zimwe muri izi mungu n' ibyana byazo birya intete zamenaguritse n' izangiritse .
kwirinda no kurwanya imungu mu ngano bikorwa ku buryo bukurikira : Kugirira isuku ubuhunikiro , Koresha imifuka ya PICS ( Purdue Improved Crops Storage bags ) irinda imungu . Guhungira intete n' umuti urimo Malathion + Permethrin ( nka Super Skana ) . Vanga garama 2 . 5 z' umuti ( Malathion + Permethrin ) mu kilo kimwe cy' imbuto .
Inyoni zangiza ingano mu buryo butandukanye . Inyoni zirya imbuto y' ingano yatewe mu butaka mu gihe cy' ibyumweru 2 nyuma y' itera . Inyoni zirya kandi n' intete kuva mu iterera kugeza ingano zitangiye kuma . Inyoni zishobora gutubya umusaruro kugeza ku 100 % mu gihe umurima utarinzwe bikwiye .
kurinda no kurwanya inyoni mu ngano bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Kurinda cyangwa kwamurura inyoni mu gihe cy' ibyumweru 2 nyuma y' itera na nyuma y' iterera kugeza ingano zitangiye kuma . Guhingira rimwe n' abandi .
Ingano zigomba gusarurwa iyo intete zimaze gukomera bihagije . Gutinda gusarura bituma impeke zivaana mu bishishwa zikanatakara mu murima no mu mayira . Ni n' impamvu yokuziteza inyoni n' ibindi byonnyi bitandukanye .
Ingano zisarurwa mu buryo bukurikira : Muri rusange ingano zisaruzwa intoki hifashishijwe najoro cyangwa akayuya . Basarura batema uduti twazo bagasiga nka santimetero 10 uvuye ku butaka . Hari n' imashini zabugenewe mugusarura ingano . Ingano zisaruwe zihambirwamo imiba mitoya zigatwarwa aho zateguriwe gukorerwa indi mirimo nko guhura no kugosora .
Guhura no kugosora ingano ni igikorwa cyo gutandukanya impeke n' ibishishwa gikorwa mu buryo butandukanye : guhura n' ikibando cyangwa gukoresha imashini . Ikintu cy' ingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho mbere na mbere ni ukumenya igihe nyacyo cyo gusarurira . Iyo habayeho gucyererwa mu gusarura , impeke zirumagara cyane bikazitera kumenagurika mu gihe cyo guhura . Gusarura mbere y' igihe nabyo bituma kwanika bifata igihe kirekire .
Kwanika ingano bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Muri rusange ingano zumira mu murima mbere yo kuzisarura ; Nyuma yo kuzisarura zijyanwa aho zihurirwa . Iyo zimaze guhurwa zongera kwanikwa ku mashitingi asukuye cyangwa ku mbuga zabigenewe . Ni ngombwa kwirinda kwanika ingano ku butaka kugira ngo zitandura . Igihe imyaka yanitse , hagomba umuntu uba hafi akajya asanza akanatwikira cyangwa akanura igihe imvura iguye . Aba ashinzwe no kujya yirukana ibyonnyi .
Guhunika ingano bikorwa mu buryo bukirikirea : Ubuhehere bwemewe mu mpeke z' ingano ni 13 . 5 % , naho ubw' umwuka ukikije aho zihunitse bukaba ku kigero cya 70 ku ijana . Iyo ingano zibikwa igihe gito ubuhehere bw' impeke bwa 13 kugera kuri 14 % ntacyo buba butwaye . Iyo ari uguhunika igihe kirekire , impeke zigomba kumishwa kugeza ku ubuhehere bwa 11 kugera kuri 12 % . Kugira ngo wizere ko wahunitse neza genzura ibi bikurikira :
Umuceri wera mu bishanga by' uturere dushyuha tw' imirambi n' imisozi iringaniye kugeza ku butumburuke bwa metero 1500 .
Amoko y' umuceri akunda guhingwa cyane kandi yamamzwa ni Zhong Geng , Yun Keng , Yun yin , Yun erthian , Basmati , Facagro , Intsinzi , Gakire , Buryohe , Muturage , Tebuka ( Wat 1276 – 22 - 2 ) , Intsindagirabigega ( B 24 - 2 ) , Rumbuka , Nemeyubutaka , Ndamirabahinzi , Mpembuke .
Uko bategura ingemwe z' umuzeri ni uku : Haterwa hagati ya garama 150 na garama 200 kuri ari 1 ya pepiniyeri bitewe n' ubwoko . Bagemura umuceri bawutera ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 20 - 30 hagati y' akobo n' akandi na cm 20 - 30 hagati y' imirongo ; Mu kobo bateramo utugemwe 2 tw' imbuto z' umuceri .
Igihe cyo gutera umuceri ni : Ukuboza - Mutarama igihembwe cya mbere , na Kamena - Nyakanga igihembwe cya kabiri . Ariko mu Bugarama ho ni Nyakanga - Kanama igihembwe cya mbere no muri Gashyantare igihembwe cya mbere .
Imirimo y' ingenzi twavuga harimo kurwanya isuri cyane ku misozi iteganye n' igishanga , kurima ubwa mbere gutegura pepiniyeri , gucoca no gukora cyangwa kuvuruga ukora padingi umunsi umwe mbere yo gutera .
Umuceri ufumbirwa mu buryo bukurikira : Kuri Hegitari 1 bashyiramo ibiro 200 bya NPK 17 . 17 . 17 mu gihe cyo gutera n' ibiro 100 za Ire ( urea ) aho ibiro 50 bya Ire babishyiramo nyuma y' ibyumweru 3 bamaze gutera ifumbire ya NPK naho ibindi biro 50 bya Ire bakabyongeramo umuceri utangiye guhagika . Icyitonderwa : Mbere yo gushyiramo ifumbire , ni ngombwa kubanza kuvana amazi mu mirima .
Mu gufata neza umuceri mu mirima , mu mirimo y' ingenzi harimo kubagara inshuro 2 cyangwa 3 , gutera umuti wica udukoko nuwo kurwanya indwara , kuhira no gukamura amazi igihe ari ngombwa .
Iyi ndwara y' uburima bw' umuceri iterwa n' agahumyo bita “ Pyricularia Oryzae ” igafata ingingo zose harimo ibibabi , uruti , indabo n' impeke . Ikunda gukara cyane mu buhumbikiro ( pépinière ) , umuceri ugeze igihe cyo guhagika , guterera n' igihe cyo kurabya . Gukoresha azote nyinshi mu murima , ubushyuhe bwinshi buvanze n' ubutohe bituma iyi ndwara yiyongera .
Mu bimenyetso by' indwara y' uburima mu muceri harimo : Mu buhumbikiro , ingemwe zirashya zikababuka zose , Amababi azaho amabara y' ikigina cyijimye ajya kuba maremare , asongoye , y' ikijuju hagati , Utudomo tw' icyatsi cyenda kuba ikijuju dusa nkaho turimo amazi dufite ishusho y' uruziga cyangwa imeze nk' igi ku mababi , Ku mababi ugasangaho ibisebe by' amabara y' ikigina binini , ku mpande hasa n' umuhondo . Iyo amababi yafashwe cyane aruma , Iyo indabo zifashwe , ntizera , ntizizana n' imbuto . Iyo imbuto zije , zigira utubara tw' ikigina , kandi zigahinamirana .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanda Uburima mu muceri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gutera imbuto nzima cyangwa zihanganira indwara , Gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika ( enrobage ) , Kubahiriza ibihe by' ihinga , Isuku mu murima nahawegereye , gutwika ibikenyeri by' umuceri nyuma yo gusarura , Kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima , Gutera ifumbire nyayo ku rugero nyarwo , Gukoresha umuti nka Tricyclazole , Tebuconazole , Benomyl .
Iyi ndwara yo yo kubabuka k' umuceri iterwa n' agahumyo bita “ Helminthosporium oryzae “ , igafata ingingo zose z' umuceri .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara yo kubabuka k' umuceri ni ibi bikurikira : Ibidomo by' ikijuju ku mababi , byoroshye cyane kubyitiranya nibiza kubera uburima ariko aha utudomo tuba ari duto ; Iboneka cyane ahantu hari ubutaka buba buretsemo amazi kandi hatakoreshejwe imvaruganda ihagije ; Uduhumyo dukwirakwizwa n' umuyaga cyangwa nokuba igihingwa cyafashwe cyakora ku kindi ; Ubu burwayi bufata igihingwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya indwara yo kubabuka k' umuceri ni ub bukurikira : Gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika ( enrobage ) , Gutera imbuto nzima ( zitarwaye ) , Kugira isuku mu murima n' ahawegereye , Gufumbira neza ( gukoreshaifumbire y' imborera n' imvaruganda kurugeronyarwo ) , Kuyobora neza amazi mu murima , Imiti ikoreshwa mu kurwanya uburima bw' umuceri ni nayo ikoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara yo kubabuka k' umuceri .
INdwara y' ikivejuru y' umuceri ni imwe mu ndwara z' amavirusi izahaza igihingwa cy' umuceri . Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera igabanuka ry' umusaruro riri hagati ya 25 kugeza kuri 97 % iyo itarwanijwe .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara y' Ikivejuru mu muceri ni ibi bikurikira : Umuceri wafashwe n' ikivejuru urangwa n' amababi afite ibara ry' umuhondo werurutse kandi iyo witegereje neza ubonamo uturongo tugororotse dufite akabara k' icyatsi kibisi cyangwa se kabonerana ; Ubushobozi bwo kubyara buragabanuka ugereranije n' umuceri muzima ; Umuceri wafashwe n' indwara y' ikivejuru ukiri muto , ntuzana amahundo niyo kandi amahundo aramutse aje arangwamo ibihuhwe byinshi .
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko indwara y' Ikivejuru iterwa n' udukoko turuma kumuceli ufite iyo ndwara hanyuma tukaza no kuruma ku muceli utaragerwaho n' ubwandu . Ibyonnyi ( imbeba , amafuku ) kimwe n' amatungo bishobora gukwirakwiza iyo ndwara mu gihe birimo kugenda birya k' umuceri uri muri pepiniyeli cyangwa mu murima . Mu murima kandi amababi y' umuceri ashobora gukubanaho bitewe n' umuyaga hakabaho kwanduzanya . Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu buhinzi bw' umuceri ( amasuka , nanjoro , imihoro ) nabyo bikwirakwiza iyi ndwara .
Indwara y' isazi y' umuceri Ni agakoko ko mu bwoko bw' isazi bita Diopsis Thoracica gafite ibara ry' umukara ahagana ku mutwe naho ahandi n' ikigina .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara y' isazi y' umuceri ni ibi : Isazi itera amagi akavamo inyo ari nazo zangiza cyane . Isazi n' inyo byombi birya amababi , bikanyunyuzamo amazi . Izi nyo zangiza nka nkongwa zizamuka mu ntimatima zihereye mu mizi noneho zikarya umutima w' igikenyeri . Umuceri wafashwe utarabumbura uhinduka umuhondo . Iyo umuceri ufashwe umaze guhagika cyangwa mbere yo kuraba , amahundo ntiyirema neza , nta n' impeke zizamo .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya indwara y' isazi y' umuceri ni ubu bukurikira : Gusukura umurima no kubagara uko bikwiye , Kuzamura urugero rw' amazi mu mirima mu gihe hari ibimenyetso ; Gutwika ibikenyeri nyuma yo gusarura , Gukoresha imiti yo kurwanya isazi nka Deltamethrine , Cypermethrine , Imidachloprid ku rugero rwa mililitiro 1 y' umuti kuri litiro1 y' amazi .
Inyoni z' amoko atandukanye zona umuceri zigatera igihombo k' umusaruro gishobora kugera ku rugero rwa 25 % kugera kuri 30 % . Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya n' ukurinda umuceri mu mirima hakoreshejwe abantu , kadahumeka cyangwa se gushyiramo izindi nyoni zirya izona umuceri .
Igihe kiboneye cyo gusarura ni igihe hafi ya 10 % ry' intete ziri ku ihundo zikiri icyatsi kibisi nyuma y' iminsi 40 - 50 umuceri umaze gusambura bitewe n' ubwoko n' igipimo cy' ubushyuhe mu gihe umuceri uri kwera .
Uburyo bwo kwanika umuceri ni ibu bukurikira : Guhura umuceri ukiwusarura , - kutawurekera mu murima igihe kirekire - hifashishijwe imashini zabugenewe kandi ukirinda kuwangiza . Umuceri wahuwe wanikwa ku mbuga yabugenewe yubakishije beto cyangwa k' umukeka , shitingi . Mu gihe wanitse umuceri ubucucike bw' intete ntibugomba kurenza santimetero 5 kandi ni ngombwa kuwukorakora byibuze inshuro 2 mu isaha kugirango wume neza wose . Kugirango umenyeko umuceri wumye neza , uwushyira ku ryinyo ukaruma ukumva ko ukocoka .
Hari uburyo bunyuranye bwo gusukura umuceri harimo kuwusukura ukoresheje amazi ( intete nzima zinjira mu mazi hanyuma ibihuhwe bikareremba hejuru ) ; kuwugosora ukoresheje intoki cyangwa imashini .
Uburyo bwo guhunika umuceri udatonoye : Guhunika bikorwa kugirango hagabanywe ibyangirikira mu bubiko ( sitoki ) . Umuceri wumye neza ku gipimo cy' ubuhehere 14 kugeza kuri 15 % , ugomba gushyirwa mu buhunikiro busukuye neza , butavirwa , bufite uburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka kandi bworoshya igenzura , ihungira , gushyiramo indi myaka cyangwa kuyikuramo . Imifuka ishyirwa k' ubutanda bwabugenewe palete kugirango umuceri urindwe guhura n' ubukonje .
Mu buhunikiro hakunze kuboneka udusimba / udukoko twangiza imbuto / umusaruro kandi bigatera igihombo mu bwiza n' ubwinshi bw' umusaruro ndetse no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumera . Tumwe muri utwo dukoko twangiza harimo imbeba , imungu n' utundi dukoko two mu bwoko bw' ibinyugunyugu . Kwirinda ibi byonnyi ni ukugirira isuku ubuhunikiro .
Imbeba zirya impeke izo ari zo zose zaba inzima , izamenaguritse cyangwa izabaye ifu . Zangiza cyane impeke / umusaruro kuko zizandurisha ubwoya bwazo , inkari ndetse n' amahurunguru .
Uburyo bwo kurwanya imbeba mu buhuniko bw' umuceriMu rwego rwo kwirinda imbeba mu buhunikiro hakoreshwa imitego ( rwagakoco ) cyangwa se bakazitegesha imiti ( ibinini ) yo kuzica .
Dore aho ibishyimbo bihingwa mu Rwanda : Bihingwa hose mu Rwanda . Ibishyimbo bigufi bikunze guhingwa mu misozi migufi n' iciriritse kugeza ku butumburuke bwa metero 1800 . Ibishyimbo bishingirirwa bihingwa mu gihugu hose ariko cyane cyane mu misozi iciritse n' imiremire .
Ibishyimbo bikunda guhingwa mu butaka bufite ifumbire ihagije , buseseka , burebure kandi butuma umwuka ubutemberamo .
Amoko yamamazwa cyangwa akunzwe guhingwa y' ibishyimbo ni aya : Ibishyimbo bishingirirwa : CAB 2 , MAC 44 , RWV 1129 , RWV 3316 , RWV 3317 , RWV 2887 , RWV 3006 , Gasilida , RWV 2070 , RWV 2872 , Mwirasi , Kigondo . . Ibishyimbo bigufi : RWR 2245 , RWR 2154 , RWR 1668 , RWK 10 .
Uko bategura umurima ugiye guterwamo ibishyimbo n' Imirimo isabwa : Kurwanya isuri , Kurima bwa mbere no kurima bwa kabiri hagakurikiraho gutabira bagiye gutera imbuto . Gahunda yo gusekera ikorwa ibyumweru bibiri mbere y' uko imvura igwa ku nshuro ya mbere no gusanza mu gihe cy' itera .
Dore ingano y' ifumbire ijya kuri hegitari y' ibishyimbo : Bashyiramo toni icumi ( 10T ) z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza kuri hegitari imwe ( 1Ha ) mu gihe cy' itabira ; Bakongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda kilo ijana ( 100 Kg ) za DAP mw' itera kuri hegitari ( Ha ) ; Mu butaka busharira bashyiramo toni ebyiri n' igice ( 2 . 5T ) kugeza kuri toni enye ( 4T ) z' ishwagara byibura ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera . Iyo shwagara iba igomba kumaramo ibihembwe by' ihinga bine ( 4 ) .
Imbuto y' ibishyimbo ijya kuri hegitari n' intera hagati y' izo mbuto z' ibishyimbo uko ingana : Batera ibiro mirongo ine ( 40 kg ) kugeza ku biro mirongo irindwi ( 70 kg ) z' imbuto kuri hegitari ( Ha ) bitewe n' uburemere bw' intete . Gutera ni kuri santimetero mirongo ine ( Cm 40 ) cgse mirongo itanu ( cm 50 ) hagati y' imirongo na santimetero makumyabiri ( cm20 ) ku mirongo bashyira intete ebyili ( 2 ) mu kobo .
Igihe cyiza cyo gutera ibishyimbo Ni muri Nzeli kugeza mu Ukwakira mu gihembwe cy' ihinga A no mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare mu gihembwe cyihinga B ubutaka bumaze gusoma . Mu bishanga ni muri Gicurasi – Kamena mu gihembwe cy' ihinga C . Aya mezi ashobora guhinduka iyo ibihe byahindutse .
Mu gufata neza ibishyimbo mu mirima : mu mirimo y' ingenzi : twavuga kubagara ibishyimbo no gusukira ibishyimbo bifite amababi ane . Gushingirira nyuma y' isukira . Imishingiriro igomba kugira uburebure bwa metero ebyiri ( 2m ) byibuze . Umubare w' imishingiriro ni ibihumbi mirongo itanu ( 50 , 000 ) kuri hegitari ni ukuvuga magana atanu kuri ari imwe ( 500 / ari ) . Umuhinzi agomba kandi kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi hakoreshejwe amoko yihanganira indwara . Bagomba guterera ku gihe imbuto ndetse n' imiti . Kubagara bikorwa inshuro ebyiri nibura ariko igihe cyose ari ngombwa byakorwa .
Indwara y' akaribata cyangwa Nyiragakecuru : Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agahumyo bita “ Colletotrim lindemuthianuum . ” Indwara ifata imisogwe , amababi , imishogwe n' imbuto .
Ibiranga indwara y' akaribata cyangwa Nyiragakecuru y' ibishyimbo ( Anthrachnose ) ni ibi bikurikira :
Indwara yo kubemba kw' ibishimbo : Iyi ndwara iterwa na virusi yitwa bean common mosaic virus ( BCMV ) , itangirira ku mababi igafata n' imishogwe ndetse n' intete . Itera igihombo k' umusaruro kuburyo bukabije .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara yo kubemba kw' ibishyimbo ni ibi : Amababi ata ireme , akaba mato , akihina mu mpande hareba hasi , ibishyimbo byafashwe ntibikura neza , bisa n' ibicukiranye kandi umusaruro ukaba mucye . Amabara atandukanye aza ku mababi asa nicyatsi kivanze n' umuhondo .
Uburyo bwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara y' Akaribata cyangwa Nyiragakecuru ni ub bu kurikira : Gutera amoko yihanganira indwara , Gutera imbuto itarwaye ( yasaruwe ku misogwe itarwaye ) , Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu mirima . Guhungira imbuto mbere yo kuyitera hakoreshejwe imiti nka Benomyl hakoreshejwe garama ebyiri ( 2 ) ku kilo cy' imbuto .
Indwara yo kubemba kw' ibishimbo irwanywa mu buryo bukurikira :
Iyi y' amabara akora inguni mu bihsyimbo ni ndwara ifata amababi , imisogwe ndetse n' intete z' ibishyimbo .
indwara y' amabara akora inguni mu bishyimboirangwa n' amabara y' ikigina afite inguni ku mizi y' amababi . Ishobora no kugaragara ku mishogwe ndetse no ntente .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya indwara y' amabara akora inguni mubishyimbo ni ubu bukurikiraGutera imbuto ihungiye hakoreshejwe imiti nka Benomyl cyangwa se rhidomil no gukoresha amoko y' imbuto y' ibishyimbo yihanganira indwara . Mu gihe urimo ubagara ukoresheje isuka irinde gukomeretsa imizi kuko byatuma igihingwa gifatwa n' ubu burwayi ; Kwirinda gutembera mu murima igihe hatose ; Koresha isaso kugirango itaka ridatarukira kubihingwa ; Sukura ibikoresho mbere yo kubikoresha mumirima y' ibishyimbo itandukanye ; Twika ibisigazwa by' ibihingwa birwaye nyuma yo gusarura cgse ubigaburire amatungo ; Cukura utwobo duto mu murima dukamure amazi Sukira ubutaka kugihingwa kugirango imizi y' igihingwa ikure neza ; Tera imbuto mu ubutaka kuburyo utazitaba kure muri sentimetero eshanu .
Iyi ndwara y' ikiziga y' ibishyimbo iterwa n' uduhumyo twitwa Ascochyta phaseoli , ifata amababi , imisogwe ndetse n' intete .
indwara y' ikiziga mu bishyimbo irangwa n' Amabara y' ikigina yeruruka agiye akora inziga nyinshi zicucitse .
Uburyo bwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara y' ikiziga mu bishyimbo ni ubu bukurikira : Gutera amoko yihanganira iyo ndwara , guhungira imbuto hakoreshejwe imiti nka Benomyl bakoresheje garama ebyiri ( 2 ) za buri bwoko mu kilo kimwe cy' ibishyimbo .
Iyi ndwara y' Ububembe bw' ibishyimbo ikunda kugaragara ahantu hakonja cyane nko mu Majyaruguru , mu Uburasirazuba n' igice cy' amajyepfo cyegeranye n' ishyamba rya Nyungwe ( Nyamagabe ) . Amabara abengeranaku mababi nk' aho bamennyeho amavuta y' ubuto ku kibabi hejuru . Uko iyo ndwara yiyongera amababi agenda ashwanyagurika yose kikagabanya umusaruro .
Uburyo bwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara y' Ububembe mu bishyimbo : Iyi ndwara ntamuti wo kuyirwanya uhari gukoresha imbuto zindobanure ziyihanganira nibyo byonyine biyirwanya .
Ibimenyetso biranga indwara z' imizi mu bishyimbo ni ibi bikurikira : Kubora kw' imizi , kuma ibishyimbo bikiri bito cyangwa amababi akaba umuhondo cyangwa se bikuma bigeze mu rurabo . Umusarururo ukagabanuka cyane cyangwa ukaba nta n' icyo wasarura .
Uko kurwanya indwara z' imizi mu bishyimbo bikorwa : Guterera igihe , guhinduranya ibihingwa , kwirinda amazi areka mu murima w' ibishyimbo abuza imizi guhumeka neza , gukoresha imbuto zihanganira izo ndwara ariko cyane cyane ibishyimbo bya mushingiriro kuko byihanganira izondwara kurusha ibishyimbo bigufi .
Iyi ndwara y' isazi y' ibishyimbo irangwa n' isazi irya ku mbuto zimaze guterwa mu ubutaka ( umunigo ) . Ituma ibishyimbo bikura nabi n' amababi agahinduka umuhondo .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda isazi y' ibishyimbo ni ubu bukurikira : Gufumbira uko bikwiye . Gusukira hakiri kare , bituma imizi ikura neza ikanakomera . Gusimburanya neza imyaka mu murima : ibishyimbo ntibisimburwa n' ibindi binyabisogwe mu murima nka soya , amashaza , inkori , imikunde cyangwa ibindi bishyimbo .
Indwara y' Ubuhunduguru mu bishyimboUtu dukoko dufata igice cyose cyo hejuru cy' igishyimbo . Utu dukoko akenshi dusa n' umukara twibumbira hamwe munsi y' amababi y' ibishyimbo cyangwa se k' uruti . Iyo ari twinshi mu gihe cy' uruyange cyangwa se ururabo bishobora kugabanya umusaruro cyane .
Ibimenyetso biranga Ubuhunduguru mu bishyimbo ni ibi : Ibishyimbo byafashwe bikura nabi , amababi agahinguka umuhondo , igishyimbo gishobora no kuba gitwikiriwe n' ibintu bifata nk' ubujeni , agahunduguru gakora agahumyo kirabura kagakuriramo .
Uburyo bwo kurinda no kurwanya Ubuhunduguru mu bishyimbo ni ubu bukurikira : Uburyo budahenze busaba gukoresha urusenda , ivu , isabune , amaganga bivanze n' amazi . Bubaye budapfuye tera umuti wa Profenofos 40g + Cypermethrin 4g : 1ml / 1Litiro y' amazi . Iyo hagaragaye utu dusimba ku gice gito cy' umurima w' ibishyimbo ni ngombwa gutera ku bihingwa byose .
Igihe cyiza cyo gusarura ibishyimbo ni iki : Isarura riba nyuma y' amezi 3 , 4 cyangwa se 5 bitewe n' ubwoko bwahinzwe , Akarere ndetse n' ikirere , amababi amaze guhindura ibara akaba umuhondo agatangira guhunguka . Akenshi bitewe n' ubwoko , imisogwe ihindura ibara igasa na kaki . Iyo ibishyimbo byeze neza biba bifite igipimo cy' ubuherere buri hagati ya 15 na 18 % .
Uburyo bwo gusarura ibishyimbo : Mugusarura ibishyimbo hifashishijwe intoki , Ibishyimbo bigufi birarandurwa naho ibyo ku mishingiriro bigatotorwa .
Kwanika ibishyimbo bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ku mbuga , ibishyimbo byanikanwa n' amababi yabyo , bikanikwa ku mbuga isukuye neza ( hakubuye ) , bikaba byiza habaye hashasheho shitingi cyangwa bakabyanika ahubakiwe na sima . Ku mabaraza y' inzu cyangwa k' urusenge :
Guhura ibihsyimbo ni igikorwa cyo kuvana imisogwe mu bishishwa . Ahenshi haracyakoreshwa uburyo bwo guhura hifashishijwe ibibando ku mbuga .
Kugosora ibishyimbo bikorwa mu buryo bukurikiraKugosora ukuramo umukungugu , amabuye , ibitaka n' undi mwanda wose ushobora kugaragaramo .