C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Kubungabunga ubutaka ni ukurinda ubutaka gutwarwa n' isuri yaba ari iterwa n' imvura cyange n' umuyaga no kubuha ibikenewe bibufasha kugunduka no kugaburira igihingwa .
Amoko y' isuri iterwa n' imvura ni aya : Isuri y' ibitonyanga by' imvura : Ivungura ubutaka bugataruka bukava aho bwari buri bukimukira ahandi ( photo ) . Isuri kayunguruzo : Iyungurura ubutaka bwo hejuru ikabutwara kurugerero rungana rw' aho yabereye ( photo ) . Isuri y' uturongo / utuyira : Amazi atangira gutosa ubutaka agacamo utuyira duto duto , dushobora gusibwa barimo bahinga ( photo ) . Isuri y' imivu : Ni isuri iterwa n' imvura nyinshi , igatangira kucukura imyobo miremire ku kigero cya santimetero 15 na 30 z' ubujyakuzimu ( photo ) . Isuri y' imikokwe : Ni isuri iterwa n' imvura nyinshi , imivu ikagenda yaguka ugana mu mizi y' umusozi ( photo ) . Isuri y' Inkangu : Ni mu gihe igice cy' umusozi cyagiye bitewe n' amazi aba yacengeye mu butaka akaba menshi umusozi ukariduka ( photo ) . Isuri y' imigezi : Ni isuri iterwa n' imigezi yuzura , ikarengerwa , ingufu z' amazi zigacukura no gukukumba ubutaka bwo mu nzira isanzwe y' amazi y' imigezi .
Kurwanya isuri hakoreshwa uburyo butandukanye bukomatanijwe aribwo bw' ubu bukurikira : Gusasira ibihingwa nk' imbuto , ibigori , ikawa , ukoresheje ibisigazwa by' umusaruro cyange kubitabika mu butaka urimo gutegura umurima ( photo ) . Gucukura imiringoti haruguru y' umurima ifite uburere buri hagati ya metero 4 na 6 , ubugari bufite sentimetero 40 , n' ubujyakuzimu bufite sentimetero 50 . Imiringoti igomba gutandukanywa n' agace gato kadacukuwe kazwi ku ntebe ya agoronome gafite sentimetero 50 z' uburebure . Imiringoti icukurwa ku butaka bufite ubuhaname buri hagati ya 5 - 12 % . Umwanya hagati y' umuringoti n' undi utandukana bitewe n' ubuhaname n' ubwoko bw' ubutaka ariko akenshi itandukanywa na metero kuva kuri 10 kugeza kuri 20 bitewe n' ubuhaname n' ubwoko bw' ubutaka . Gutera ibiti bivangwa n' imyaka nka kaliyandara ( Calliandra C . ) , Lesena ( Leuceana D . ) , Arimusi ( Alnus A . ) Gerevireya ( ' Grevillea R . ) , Gilirisidiya ( Gliricidia S . ) , ku miringoti no kunkengero z' umurima , ndetse n' ibyatsi nka setaria , vetiveri , tiripusakumu n' urubingo , bigakora uruzitiro ; Guca amaterasi y' indinganire ku butaka buhanamye no kuyateraho ibiti n' ibyatsi birumubura ubutaka mukingo wayo . Amaterasi acibwa ahari ubuhaname buri hagati ya 12 na 55 % , ariko si ngombwa cyane hagati ya 12 na 30 % mu gihe imiringoti , uduti n' ibyatsi bifata ubutaka biyiteyeho bihagije .
Uko baca amaterasi : Ubanza gukuraho itaka ryo hejuru muri sentimetero 10 ukarishyira kuruhande ; Ukuraho na none iriri kuri sentimetero 10 kugera kuri 20 no kuri sentimetero 20 kugera kuri 30 naryo ukarirunda ukwaryo ; Kakurikiraho gusiza uganisha guhinduriza ubuhaname bw' umusozi , umanura itaka ryo haruguru ukaritinda hepfo kuburyo rikora umukingo ; Urangije guca iterasi , usubisazaho rya taka washize kuruhande , uhereye kuryo munsi , irikurikiraho , n' iryari hejuru . Icyitonderwa : Mu guca amaterasi hagomba kurebwa ubuhaname bw' ubutaka , imiterere y' ubutaka , n' ibipimo by' imvura . Amaterasi y' indinganire ntacibwa ku butaka buseseka , bw' urusenyi cyane , bw' ibumba rimatira , bw' urubuye , butanywa amazi , bufite amaninda . Ntakorwa kandi mu itumba .
Kurumbura ubutaka bivuga kubuha ibyangombwa byose bituma igihingwa kibuhinzweho gikura neza kigatanga umusaruro uhagije . Ibyo byangombwa bizwe ahanini n' ishwagara ikoreshwa ku butaka busharira , ifumbire mborera , ibyatsi bifumbira , n' ifumbire mva ruganda .
Ifumbire y' imborera ni ifumbire ituruka ku binyabuzima byose biboze bivuze ifumbire y' ibishanguka , n' ifumbire y' amatungo y' iminyorogoto , y' ibyatsi bitabikwa mu butaka cyange bivangwa n' imyaka bigakurura umunyu wa azote mu butaka uva mu kirere . Akamaro k' ifumbire y' imborera kagizwe n' ibi bikurikira : Ituma ubutaka bworoha bityo ntibugore guhinga ; Yongera udukoko tw' ubunyabuzima mu butaka , bikongera ubuzima kubutaka ; Irinda isuri ubutaka kuko ituma bubika amazi aho gutwarwa nayo kandi bugahora buhehereye ; Ituma umuka utembera neza mu butaka ; Igaburira ubutaka itanga imyunyu igihingwa kiba gikeneye ; Ivugurura imiterere y' ubutaka kuko ituma utunonkononko dukoze ubutaka twegerana ; Ni intungamubiri z' udukoko tumwe na tumwe twangombwa mu kugaburira ubutaka n' ibihingwa ; Igabanya ubusharire bw' ubutaka ; Igabanya uburozi bumwe na bumwe mu butaka kandi ikaba yifitemo ubushobozi bwo gufasha igihingwa guhangana n' indwara .
Ifumbire y' imborera irimo amoko atandukanye , ayo ingenzi n' aya akurikira : Ifumbire y' amatungo : Ni ifumbire iva ku matungo nk' inka , ihene , ingurube , inkwavu , inkoko . Ifumbire y' ikimoteri / ingarane : Ni ifumbire iva kubisigazwa by' ibihingwa , byo murugo , n' ibindi byose bibora . Ifumbire y' iminyorogoto : Ni ifumbire iva ku dukoko nyabuzima tw' iminyorogoto , turya ibibora tugasohora ifumbire cyange twapfa tukabora tugakora ifumbire . Ifumbire y' ibyatsi : Ni ifumbire y' ibyatsi bimera ku butaka ariko bifite ubushobozi bwo kubora mu gihe gito iyo babitabitse mu butaka . Ifumbire y' uduti n' ibyatsi bivangwa n' imyaka : Ni ifumbire iva ku ku duti cyange ibyatsi bivangwa n' imyaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura umwuka wa azote mu kirere bikawushyira mu butaka .
Gukora ifumbire y' imborera ni ukurundira hamwe ibyatsi , ibibabi , uduti , ibisigazwa by' ibiribwa , iby' imbuto cyangwa se imboga kugirango bibora . Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ifumbire . Twavuga nko gucukura ingarane n' ubwo gukora kirundo cy' ifumbire ku butaka .
Ubutaka busharira bushyirwamo ishwagara iseye , iyunguruye kukigero cya milimetero ; 5 . Ubutaka bushyirwamo ishwagara bugomba kuba bufite ubusharire buri minsi ya 5 . 2 . Ingano y' ishwagara ikoreshwa bikurikije urugero rw' ubusharire bw' ubutaka kuburyo bukurikira : Urugero rw' ubusharire bwa 4 . 6 kugeza kuri 4 . 9 ushyiramo ishwagara ingana na toni 2 . 5 kuri hegirati ; Urugero rw' ubusharire bwa 5 . 1 kugeza kuri 5 . 4 ushyiramo ishwagara ingana na toni 1 . 0 kuri hegirati ; Urugero rw' ubusharire bwa 5 . 5 kugeza kuri 6 . 7 ushyiramo ishwagara ingana na toni 2 . 5 kuri hegirati ; Icyitonderwa : Iyi ngano y' ishwagara ishyirwa mu murima bwa mbere ikongera gushyirwamo nyuma y' ibihemwe bitatu by' ihingwa , ariko buri gihembwe hagomba gushyirwamo imborera ihagije . Byaba byiza , mbere yo gushyiramo indi shwagara , kubanza gupima ubutaka kugira ngo umenye urugero rw' ubusharire . Ikarita ikurikira igaragaza imiterere y' ubutaka kubijyanye n' ubusharire ( Ikarita y' ubusharire ) .
Ubu buryo bwa mbere bwo gukoresha ingarane ni bwiza ariko bufite ingaruka y' uko ifumbire itabora vuba , rimwe na rimwe imyunyu yo mu ifumbire ikaba yacengera mu ngarane bityo iyo ukuyemo ugiye kuyifumbiza ikaba ikennye .
Ifumbire y' imborera ishyirwa mu murima igihe cy' ihinga . Ntigomba kwanikwa kugirango idatakaza imyunyu imwe n' imwe nka azote . Nyuma yo gutabira inyanyagizwa mu murima igaherako itabwa ikavangwa n' igitaka igihe cy' isanza . Hakenerwa toni kuva kuri 10 kugera kuri 20 kuri hegitari .
Iyo ugiye gukora ifumbire y' ikirundo ugomba kuba ufite ibyatsi bibora , ibisigazwa by' imyaka n' ibishingwe bihagije . Ikirundo kiba gifite nibura metero 1 mu bugari na metero 1 na sentimetero 20 z' ubuhagarike kandi gifite ishusho y' umutemeri . Ibizavamo ifumbire bigomba kubonerwa rimwe , bikarundwa ahantu hari igicucu mu nsi y' ibiti cg mu rutoke . Nyuma yo gusiza ahazakorerwa ifumbire , hakurikiraho gusasa ibisigazwa by' umusaruro , ibyatsi bibi , utwatsi , amababi y' ibiti n' ibihuru kugeza kuri sentimetero 15 - 20 z' ubuhagarike . Ibyo byose bibanza gucagagurwamo uduce duto duto kugirango bizabore vuba , kandi si byiza kubanza kubyanika . Hejuru hagerekwaho nibura sentimetero 5 z' ibibora neza nk' ifumbire y' amatungo , ibishishwa bya kawa cyangwa agataka karimo ifumire keza gatose . Bituma n' ibindi byose bibora . Hejuru hongerwaho sentimetero 20 z' ibindi byatsi , amababi y' ibiti . bicagaguye . Harenzwaho na none ; ibibora sentimetero 5 . Bigenda bigerekeranywa gutyo gutyo kugeza kirundo cyuzuye . Nyuma ikirundo kiratwikirwa kugirango kitumagara , bityo mikorobe ziboza ntizibone amazi yo kuzitunga ngo zikore akazi kazo . Si byiza kandi kurenzaho igitaka cyinshi cyangwa gutsindagira cyane kugirango izo mikorobe zitabura umwuka zihumeka . Ni ngombwa kugenzura ubushyuhe kuko ari bwo bwerekana ko mikorobe ziri gukora akazi kazo ko guhinduramo ibyatsi ifumbire . Ni ngombwa na none guhindura no kuvomera ikirundo ku rugero rukwiye kugirango kibone umwuka n' amazi udukoko dukeneye mu gucagagura ibyatsi o kuba cyaborera rimwe . Ifumbire y' imborera ikorwa neza ku buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy' imvura , kurushaho mu gihe cy' umuhindo . Ifumbire irushaho kubanziza iyo yongewemo ivuryo mu gikoni cyangwa ishwagara cg agafumbire mvaruganda gake . Gusa ibi si ngombwa cyane . Ifumbire nziza y' imbonerara iba yumutse , iseseka , kandi yirabura iri ku gipimo cya 1 / 5 cy' uburemere bw' ibyahereweho kuyikora ( photo ) .
Kuraza umurima bituma ubutaka buruhuka . Ibyatsi birimeza , ibiti n' amababi yabyo byumye bigwa ku butaka bikabora . Mu gihe cyo guhinga byose biratabwa , ubutaka bukahabonera ifumbire y' imborera ihagije n' imyunyu myinshi bityo bukisubiza .
Gutaba ibyatsi cyangwa ibisigazwa by' imyaka bitarwaye na byo birumbura ubutaka kuko iyo biboze bisubizamo igice kinini cy' imyunyu yari ibirimo . Ibyatsi bitabwa ni ibiba byatewe ku materasi , ku miringoti , ibiba byarajwe mu murima cyangwa se ibisigazwa by' imyaka bimaze gutemagurwamo uduce duto duto .
Ibihingwa - fumbire ni ibihingwa bihingirwa kuzatabwa . Ibyo ni ibihingwa biri mu muryango w' ibinyamisogwe nka ( Mucuna ) Mukuna , desmodium , luzerne n' ibindi . Bifata azote iri mu mwuka ari na yo ituma ibihingwa bikura , bikayishyira mu butaka bikoresheje uduheri two ku mizi yabyo . Iyo batabye igihingwa - fumbire bari barateye kirabora kigatanga imborera .
Uburyo bwo gukoresha iminyorogoto ni ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mu kubona ifumbire y' imborera . Iyi fumbire ikorwa n' iminyorogoto ishangura imyanda yaba iyo mu gikoni mu mirima mu bimpoteri mu nganda n' ahandi mu buryo bwihuse . Iyi minyorogoto ikurira neza ahantu hatumagaye ; / hadakakaye ariko nanone hatajandamye , hatari ibiryo bihiye n' inyama , hatari n' urumuri rwinshi . Iminyorogoto yororerwa mu gisanduku ushyiramo imborera iboze iyifasha kororoka mbere yo kuyikoresha .
Ifumbire mvaruganda n' ifumbire igizwe n' imyunyu itandukanye igihingwa gikenera kugira ngo gishobore gukura neza kandi gitange umusaruro uhagije . Amoko y' ifumbire mvaruganda aratandukanye bitewe n' igihingwa ndetse n' imiterere y' ubutaka . Bitewe n' ubwoko bw' ayo , hari igenewe guterana n' igihingwa , hari n' iyongerwamo nyuma cyange se ibagazwa .
Kurumbura ubutaka bivuga kubuha ibyangombwa byose bituma bushobora gutunga igihingwa , hari ibikorwa by' ingenzi bikorwa mu kurumbura ubutaka aribyo : Kurwanya isuri , Kuvugurura ubutaka , ugabanya ubusharire utera ishwagara n' ifumbire y' imborera ; Kongeraho kubuha myunyu ari byo bita gufumbira .
Gukora ifumbire y' imborera ni ukurundira hamwe ibyatsi , ibibabi , uduti , ibisigazwa by' ibiribwa , iby' imbuto cyangwa se imboga kugirango bibore . Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ifumbire y' imborera harimo gucukura ingarane cyangwa gukora kirundo cy' ifumbire ku butaka .
Iyo ugiye gukora ifumbire y' ikirundo ugomba kuba ufite ibyatsi bibora , ibisigazwa by' imyaka n' ibishingwe bihagije . Ikirundo kiba gifite nibura metero 1 ( m1 ) mu bugari na metero 1 na sentimetero 20 z' ubuhagarike . Ibyatsi bizavamo ifumbire bigomba kubonera rimwe , bikarundwa ahantu hari igicucu . Nyuma yo gusiza ahazakorerwa ifumbire , hakurikiraho gusasa ibisigazwa by' umusaruro , ibyatsi bibi , utwatsi , amababi y' ibiti n' ibihuru kugeza kuri sentimetero 15 - 20 z' ubuhagarike . Ibyo byose bibanza gucagagurwamo uduce duto duto kugirango bizabore vuba , kandi si byiza kubanza kubyanika . Hejuru hagerekwaho nibura sentimetero 5 z' ibibora neza nk' ifumbire y' amatungo , ibishishwa bya kawa cyangwa agataka karimo ifumbire keza gatose . Bituma n' ibindi byose bibora . Hejuru hongerwaho sentimetero 20 z' ibindi byatsi , amababi y' ibiti . bicagaguye . Harenzwaho na none ibibora bikagenda bigerekeranywa gutyo gutyo kugeza ikirundo cyuzuye . Nyuma ikirundo kiratwikirwa kugirango kitumagara , bityo mikorobe ziboza zikabona amazi yo kuzitunga ngo zikore akazi kazo . Si byiza kandi kurenzaho igitaka cyinshi cyangwa gutsindagira cyane kugirango izo mikorobe zitabura umwuka zihumeka . Ni ngombwa kugenzura ubushyuhe kuko ari bwo bwerekana ko mikorobe ziri gukora akazi kazo ko guhinduramo ibyatsi ifumbire . Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse haba hari ikibazo cy' amazi make cyangwa menshi cyangwa umwuka . Ni cyo gituma ari ngombwa guhindura ikirundo ibyari hasi bikajya hejuru kugirango biborere rimwe . Guhindura ikirundo ni igikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza umwuka kikagendana no kuvomerera kugirango mikorobe zitabura amazi . Kuvomerera kandi ningombwa iyo hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye . Twibutse ko amazi atagomba kuba menshi nayo ni ukuyagenzura . Ifumbire y' imborera ikorwa neza ku buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy' imvura , kurushaho mu gihe cy' umuhindo . Ifumbire irushaho kuba nziza iyo yongewemo ivu ryo mu gikoni cyangwa ishwagara . Gusa ibi si ngombwa cyane . Ifumbire nziza yumutse ivamo iba ipima hafi 1 / 5 cy' uburemere bw' ibyahereweho kugirango iboneke .
Gukora ifumbire y' imborera ukoresheje iminyorogoto ni ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mu kubona ifumbire y' imborera . Iyi fumbire ikorwa n' iminyorogoto ishangura imyanda yaba iyo mu gikoni mu mirima mu bimpoteri mu nganda n' ahandi mu buryo bwihuse . Iyi minyorogoto ikurira neza ahantu hatumagaye / hadakakaye ariko nanone hatajandamye , hatari ibiryo bihiye n' inyama , hatari n' urumuri rwinshi . Ubu buryo bwo gulora ifumbire nibwiza cyane kuko usanga aho ikorerwa nta munuko changwa amasazi ahari . Ikindi ni uko iyo minyorogoto idashobora kugira ahandi ijya uretse muri icyo gisanduku . Iyi fumbire usanga imeze nk' itaka yarashangutse neza . Uko bikorwa ; Hakoreshwa igisanduku gihagaze ku maguru ane . Indiba yacyo ni ibati ( kureza amazi ava mw' ifumbire nayo ; agakoreshwa nk' ifumbire y' amazi ) . Gushyiraho umureko wo kuyobora umushongi mw' ijerikani . Gushyiramo isaso ( ibikarito , impapuro , … ) Kuzana iminyorogoto ikiri mw' ifumbire yayo ukayinyanyagiza kuri ya saso . Kongeraho ibigaburirwa ( ibikonko , ibishishwa byo mu gikoni , … . ) Bigomba kuba bihehereye . Gutwikira na shitingi y' umukara .
Ifumbire y' iminyorogoto yatangira gukoreshwa nyuma y' ukwezi umaze gushyira ibikenewe byose mu gisanduku cyabugenewe , ifumbire iba imaze kuboneka ukajya usarura rimwe mu kwezi . Ifumbire isarurwa hifashishijwe urumuri kuko rwirukana iminyorogoto . Iyo upfunduye / ukuyeho ishashi iminyorogoto yose yibira mw' ifumbire ukayora ifumbire yo hejuru . Ugenda uyigaburirira iruhande rumwe iminyorogoto ikajya yimukira ahari ibiryo ugakura ifumbire aho yavuye .
Ifumbire y' imborera yaba iyo mu ngarani cyangwa y' ikirundo ikoreshwa iyo yahoze bivuga igihe udashobora kumenya ishusho y' ibyo uba wayikozemo ; Mu kuyikoresha dore ibipimo mbonera : Ku bihingwa ngandura - rugo urugero ibishyimbo , soya nibindi nibura kilogarama 100 kuri ari 1 ; Ku mboga ni hagati ya kilogarama 300 na kilogarama 400 kuri ari 1 ; Ku bihingwa biterwa mu myobo urugero ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa , insina nibindi hakoreshwa kilogarama 50 buri mwobo . Icyitonderwa : ifumbire iyo igeze mu mirima iranyanyagizwa kandi igahita itabwa ikavangwa n' ubutaka .
Isuri ni ugutwarwa kw' ubutaka n' imyunyungugu iburimo bitewe n' imvura cyange umuyaga . Isuri ikunda kugaragara cyane ku butaka buriku misozi ihanamye , butariho ibikorwa byo kuyirwanya , budafite imborera ihagije , cyange se bwambaye ubusa .
Amoko y' ifumbire ikomoka k' uminyorogoto :
Ibikenewe ngo hakorwe ifumbire ikomoka ku minyorogoto :
Ifumbire mvaruganda ni ifumbire ikorerwa mu ruganda iba irimo imyunyu y' ubutaka . Iyo myunyu iba mu mafumbire ishongeshwa vuba n' amazi bikivanga . Bityo uko igihingwa kivoma amazi kikayivomamo . Iyo amazi acengera kure mu butaka ajyana n' iyo myunyu . Ibihingwa ntibishobore kuyikoresha . Ni cyo bita “ kurigita kw' imyunyu y' ubutaka ' ' . Iyo ibumba n' imborera bihagije mu butaka bifata amazi avanze n' iyo myunyu . Bityo iyo myunyu ikaguma hafi y' ubutaka .
Rero ifumbire mvaruganda igira akamaro iyo ikoreshejwe ku butaka bufite imiterere myiza , bukize ku mborera . Iyo ikoreshejwe yonyine ari nyinshi , cyane cyane ikize mu myunyu nka azote , ituma mikorobi z' ubutaka ziyongera vuba vuba . Bityo zikanyunyuza imborera yose kandi ari yo ituma ubutaka bwegerana . Iyo irangiye , za mikorobi zirapfa n' ubutaka bugasigara bumeze nk' ivumbi ku buryo n' imizi ishobora kubura aho ifata . Icyo gihe ubutaka bubura ubuzima bukagunduka . Isuri na yo ishobora kuririraho kuko ubutaka buba butagifatanye . Ni ngombwa rero kwirinda kurenza urugero rw' ifumbire mvaruganda yo gukoresha no kwirinda kuyikoresha yonyine .
Amafumbire mvaruganda abamo amoko atandukanye hari arimo umunyu 1 w' ubutaka , andi avanze mo imyunyu 2 andi 3 . Imenyerewe cyane ni NPK irimo imyunyu itatu : azote , fosifore na potasiyumu .
Ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bukurikira : Ishobora gushongeshwa mu mazi nyuma agasukwa mu ifumbire y' imborera igiye guterwa mu murima . Gusa kubera ko ihenda , ibyiza ni ukuyishyira hafi y' imizi y' igihingwa mu murongo hanyuma hakarenzwaho agataka . Ku butaka buhanamye ifumbire ishyirwa haruguru gato y' umwobo ujyamo igihingwa . Ku bihingwa bimwe na bimwe nk' imbuto y' ibirayi , ifumbire ishyirirwa rimwe mu mwobo n' imbuto . Ku biti by' imbuto , ikawa , insina ifumbire bayizengurutsaho .
Inkosorabutaka ni inyongeramusaruro , zikoreshwa mu gukosora imiterere y' ubutaka nk' ubusharire n' imyunyu nka aluminiyumu . Urugero ni nk' ishwagara y' ubuhinzi ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubusharire bw' ubutaka .
Urugero rw' ishwagara yo gushyira mu butaka ruterwa n' urugero rw' ubusharire bwabwo ndetse n' igihingwa . Ubutaka burimo ifumbire y' imborera ihagije busaba ishwagara nkeya . Ibiro hagati ya 20 na 30 by' ishwagara kuri ari 1 biba bihagije . Ishwagara ivangwa neza n' ubutaka iterwa ibyumweru 2 mbere yo gutera imyaka . Guterana n' imyaka bishobora gutuma ibabuka .
Amazi ni ingenzi ku butaka no ku bihingwa byose iyo biva bikagera . Ubutaka budafite amazi ntibwabaho . Imyunyu yose ibihingwa bikenera itembera mu mazi y' ubutaka . Icyo wakorera cyose ibihingwa bidafite amazi nta cyo byabimarira . Ni ngombwa rero gushakira ubutaka n' ibihingwa amazi akenewe ku rugero , ni ukuvuga kugabanywa mu gihe abaye menshi no kuvomerera mu gihe abaye make .
Mu Rwanda hari uburyo bwo kuhira butatu , ari bwo : Kuhira ku buso bunini mu mabanga y' imisozi , Gutunganya ibishanga hubakwa ama damu ni ukuvuga Ibidendezi by' amazi no ; Kuhira ku buso buto .
Mugusigasira ibishanga byatunganijwe umuhinzi arasabwa : Gusibura umiyoboro itwara amazi byibuze kabiri mu gihembwe cy' ihinga ; Ibyondo bivanwa mu nyubako zibika amazi byibuze rimwe mu gihembwe cy' ihinga ; Gusana ibikorwa byandingiritse bikoreshwa mu kuhira no gutwara amazi igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa ; Gusibura umugende munini uvana amazi mu gishanga ; Gukurikiza ingengabihe yo kuhira hagendewe ku mazi akenewe kuri buri gihingwa mu cyanya cyuhirwa ; Gusaranganya amazi ku buryo bunoze mu bahinzi ; Gusana imiyoboro yangiritse kugira ngo amazi akomeze agere aho yajyaga .
Kuhira mu mabanga y' imusozi tubisangamo uburyo butatu bukoreshwa mu Rwanda ari bwo : Kuhira amazi agwa nk' imvura hifashishijwe utumashini tumisha amazi ; kuhira hakoreshejwe imashini zizenguruka nazo zimisha amazi nk' imvura ; Kuhira amazi atonyanga ku muzi w' igihingwa aturuka mu dutiyo duto tuba turambitse mu mirima . Kuhira mu mabanga y' imusozi bisaba ingufu zitangwa n' imashini izamura amazi mu matiyo agenda akagera mu mirima iri i musozi , izo mashini zizamura amazi zikoresha umuriro w' amashanyarazi , risansi cyangwa mazutu ari byo bitanga imbaraga ziba zikenewe mu kuzamura amazi imusozi .
Ku mashini yuhira yizengurukaho ( Center pivot ) , umuhinzi asabwa kureba ibi bikurikira : Kugenzura niba aho imashini inyura hameze neza ( atari mu isayo ) . Kugenzura ko amapine arimo umwuka , aringaniye kandi ari ku murongo umwe akumenya kuyagorora ; Kugenzura niba iminwa y' amatiyo ikora neza ( itazibye ) kandi nta yibuzemo ; Kureba niba insinga zose z' amashanyarazi n' udutiyo tw' amazi bitarangiritse ; Kugenzura ko akayunguruzo k' amazi gasukuye ; Kureba ko akuma gafungura amazi kerekeye mu cyerekezo ushaka ko ukoreramo ; Kureba niba amashanyarazi ari mu mashini yuhira urebeye ku kuma k' umukara kari munsi gacana itara ry' icyatsi kibisi ; Kureba uko amashanyarazi ari mu mashini angana ; Gushyira amashanyarazi mu kigereranyo kiberanye n' imikoreshereze y' imashini yuhira ; Gushyira ingano y' amazi mu kigereranyo ukurikije ingengabihe yo kuhira ; Gucana imashini yuhira ukurikije icyerekezo yari irimo cyangwa kugihindura bitewe n' aho ushaka kuhira ; Kumenya no gusobanukirwa ikintu cyose gishobora gutuma imashini yuhira idakora ; Kuzimya imashini yuhira igihe kuhira atari ngombwa .
ku twuma twuhira tumisha amazi nk' imvura umuhinzi agenzura ibi bikurikira : Kureba ibikoresho byuhira byose niba biri mumwanya wabyo ; Kureba ko ntaho inzira z' amazi ziva bityo bigasaba gusana aho amatiyo yapfumutse ; Kureba ko ingufu zikenewe zihari kugira ngo zibashe kuvomerera neza ; Kubahiriza ingengabihe yo kuhira mbere yo kwimura amatiyo ; Kureba ko ingano y' amazi akenewe abasha kugera mu murima ; Kuzibura iminwa y' utwuma twuhira tumisha amazi mu gihe yazibye ; Kugenzura ko akayunguruzo k' amazi gasukuye .
Kuburyo bwo kuhira amazi atonyanga ku mizi y' igihingwa umuhinzi agenzura ibi bikurikira : Ko inzira z' amazi zimeze neza ; Kureba ko ntaho amazi ava bityo bigasaba gusana aho amatiyo yapfumutse ; Kureba ko ingufu zikenewe zihari kugira ngo zibashe kuvomerera neza ; Kubahiriza ingengabihe yo kuhirambere mbereyo gufungano gufunguraahandi ; Kureba ko ingano y' amazi asabwa abasha kugera mu murima ; Kuzibura udukoresho dusohora amazi mu gihe twazibye ; Kugenzura ko akayunguruzo k' amazi gasukuye .
Gahunda yo kuhira ku buso buto ni gahunda ya Leta y' u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda yo kunganira abahinzi ku bikoresho byo kuhira ku buso buto inyuze mu kigo cy' Igihugu gishinzwe gutezaimbere ubuhinzi n' ubworozi ( RAB ) . Iyo nkunganire igizwe no kwishyurira umuhinzi 50 % y' ikiguzi cyose gisabwa umuhinzi mu kubona ibikoresho byo kuhira n' ibikoresho byo gufata amazi ku buso butarenze hegitari10 . Iyi porogaramu ishyirwa mu bikorwa n' umuhinzi usaba ibyo bikoresho , abatanga serivisi zo gutanga ibikoresho ku muhinzi ndetse na RAB yishyura 50 % . Umuhinzi ubishaka abisaba ku karere cyangwa kuri RAB yuzuza ifishi isaba kubona ibyo bikoresho kuri nkunganire . Abatekinisiye bagenzura umurima niba wujije ibya ngombwa bisabwa bakanemeza niba umuhinzi yabona ibyo bikoresho . Umuhinzi agura ibikoresho byemejwe n' umutekenisiye ku muntu utanga serivisi zo gutanga ibyo bikoresho byo kuhira akishyura 50 % y' ikiguzi cyose . Ibyo bikoresho bisanwa n' umuntu utanga serivisi zo kugeza ibikoresho byo kuhira ku bahinzi mu gihe cyingana n' umwaka atishyurwa .
Ibikoresho byo kuhira ku buso buto biboneka muburyo bukurikira : Umuhinzi ubishaka abisaba ku karere cyangwa kuri RAB yuzuza ifishi isaba kubona ibyo bikoresho kuri nkunganire ; Abatekinisiye bagenzura umurima niba wujije ibya ngombwa bisabwa bakanemeza niba umuhinzi yabona ibyo bikoresho ; Umuhinzi agura ibikoresho byemejwe n' umutekenisiye ku muntu utanga serivisi zo gutanga ibyo bikoresho byo kuhira akishyura 50 % y' ikiguzi cyose ; Ibyo bikoresho bisanwa n' umuntu utanga serivisi zo kugeza ibikoresho byo kuhira ku bahinzi mu gihe cyingana n' umwaka atishyurwa .
Nkunganire y' ibikoresho byo kuhira ku buso buto igizwe no kwishyurira umuhinzi 50 % y' ikiguzi cyose gisabwa umuhinzi mu kubona ibikoresho byo kuhira n' ibikoresho byo gufata amazi ku buso butarenze hegitari 10 .