C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Uko igihingwa cy' ubwatsi cyitabwaho ; Ubwatsi burimo ibice bibiri : Ibinyampeke n' ibinyamisogwe . Reka turebe uko buri gice cyitabwaho . 1 . Uko wita ku binyampeke ; • Gukata ubwatsi ariko ntugeze ku butaka ugasigaza ingano yabugenewe ; • Gushyiramo ifumbire ya Azote : Uyu munyu ngugu ukenerwa cyane n' ibinyampeke . Utuma hiyongera imitwe isarurwaho imbuto bityo imbuto ikiyongera . Ni ngombwa kandi kuyishyiramo nyuma yo gukata ubwatsi . • Kuhira : Mu gihe imvura ari nkeya ni ngombwa kwitegura kuhira ; • Kwirinda ibyonnyi n' indwara ; Bimwe mu byonnyi n' indwara ni ; – Inyoni zangiza imbuto itangiye kwera ; – Imbeba zangiza umusaruro w' imbuto z' ubwatsi ; – Indwara z' inopfu , virusi zigabanya umusaruro w' imbuto , n' izindi . 2 . Uko wita ku binyamisogwe ; • Gukata ubwatsi : Bweze cyangwa mu gihe bugikura kandi butari bwarabya ; • Kuhira ; • Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi ; – Ibyonnyi n' indwara bikunda gufata ibinyamisogwe kurusha ibinyampeke ; – Guhinga ibidakunda gufatwa n' indwara ; • Kurwanya ibyatsi bibi :
Gusarura imbuto y' ubwatsi : Kumenya igihe cyo gusarura imbuto kuko iyo hari imbuto zumye haba harimo n' izindi zitarageza igihe kuburyo bigora gufata umwanzuro . – Igihe cyiza cyo kubona umusaruro w' imbuto giterwa n' ubwoko bw' ubwatsi , ikirere , n' uburyo bwo gusarura . – Ufata ihundo rihagarariye ayandi ukitegereza mbere yo gufata umwanzuro ; - Ku binyampeke : usanga imbuto yahinduye ibara yaragaritse kubihingwa bimwe na bimwe ; - Ku binyamisogwe : Ureba umutwe w' imbuto w' umusogwe , ukareba niba ushobora kuwusaruza intoki .
Gutubura ubwatsi bw' urubingo rw' imbuto : Uko batubura imbuto y' urubingo : Urubingo ni igihingwa kimara imyaka myinshi mu murima ; Amoko meza yihanganira uburwayi aboneka mu Rwanda ni urubingo 16789 ( Nyakabingo ) , Kakamega I n' Urubingo 112 . Urubingo rumenyerewe ruzwi nka Kameroni rwatangiye kurwara hamwe na hamwe . Buri bwoko bw' urubingo rutanga umusaruro mwiza bitewe n' ahantu ruberanye naho n' uko rwitaweho ; Batera ingeri za santimetero 25 - 30 zifite byibuze amaso atatu , cyangwa bagatera ibitsinsi ; Batera ingeri ebyiri zisobekeranye mu buryo buberamye , ijisho rimwe rigasigara hejuru y' ubutaka ridatabye amaso 2 akajya mu butaka . Hagati y' umurongo n' undi basigamo intera ingana na m1 naho hagati y' umwobo n' undi bagasiga intera ya cm 50 - 100 bitewe n' ikigamijwe ( Ubwatsi bwo kugabura cyangwa imbuto ) ; Ingeri zikenerwa kuri hegitari ziri hagati ya 20 , 000 kugera kuri 30 , 000 ; Ibitsinsi babirimbuza isuka , bakagabanya imizi muri ¾ bakabona gutera ; Urubingo rukenera ubutaka burebure , bwumutse kandi budashaririye , iyo bushaririye buvangwamwo ishwagara ; Hakenerwa ifumbire y' imborera ihoze mu gutera ingana na toni 10 - 15 kuri hegitari cyangwa y' imvaruganda ya ire ikoreshwa mu kubagara na nyuma yo gusarura urubingo ingana n' imifuka ibiri ya kg 50 kuri hegitari kugira ngo rukure vuba kandi rusarurwe kenshi ; Rushobora kuvangwa n' ibinyamisogwe nka Mucuna cyangwa Desmodium irandaranda n' ibindi ; Uko busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : Urubingo rusarurwa rufite hagati ya cm 100 na 120 ; Rutemerwa kuri cm 10 - 15 hejuru y' ubutaka ; Rusarurwa bwa mbere rumaze nibura amezi 3 - 4 rutewe ; na buri mezi 2 cyangwa 3 nyuma ya buri gusarura ; Rushobora gusarurwa inshuro 3 cyangwa 4 mu mwaka bitewe n' uko bwitaweho ; Ingeri iba ifite santimetero 25 - 30 zifite byibuze amaso atatu . Ijisho rimwe rigasigara hejuru y' ubutaka ridatabye amaso 2 akajya mu butaka .
Guhinga Ubwatsi bwa Kolorisi Gayana ( Chloris gayana ) : Kolorisi Gayana ni igihingwa kimara imyaka myinshi mu murima ; Ishobora guterwa hakoreshejwe ibitsinsi cyangwa umurama ; Ibitsinsi babitera ku ntera ya metero 1 hagati y' imirongo na santimetero 50 mu murongo , ni ukuvuga ko hakenerwa ibitsinsi 15 , 000 - 20 , 000 kuri hegitari ; Umurama uterwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kumisha mu mirongo iciye ku ntera ya centimetero 50 ku bwatsi buhingiwe kugaburwa cyangwa metero 1 ku bwatsi bwo gukuraho imbuto . Hakenerwa hagati y' ibiro 10 na 12 kuri hegitari ; Mu kuyitera , ni byiza kuyivanga n' ifumbire ihoze kugirango ibashe kumera vuba ; Imbuto yo gutera igomba kuba yumye neza kandi imaze nibura amezi 6 isaruwe ; Ishobora kuvangwa n' ubundi bwatsi nk' umuvumburankwavu . Uko Ubwatsi bwa Kolorisi Gayana ( Chloris gayana ) busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : Urubingo rusarurwa rufite hagati ya cm 100 na 120 ; Rutemerwa kuri cm 10 - 15 hejuru y' ubutaka ; Rusarurwa bwa mbere rumaze nibura amezi 3 - 4 rutewe ; na buri mezi 2 cyangwa 3 nyuma ya buri gusarura ; Rushobora gusarurwa inshuro 3 cyangwa 4 mu mwaka bitewe n' uko bwitaweho ; Ingeri iba ifite santimetero 25 - 30 zifite byibuze amaso atatu .
Guhinga Ubwatsi bw' Ivubwe ( Brachiaria ) : Ivubwe ni ubwatsi bumara igihe kirekire mu murima ; Bwishimira cyane ahantu hashyuha ariko n' ahakonja burahaba n' ubwo ho butagira umusaruro mwinshi ; Bukunda ahantu hari ubutaka bwiza kandi bufite ifumbire ihagije ; Ni byiza gushyira ishwagara mu butaka mbere y' uko utera ubwatsi igihe ubutaka bugaragara ko atari bwiza ; Ushobora gutera ibitsinsi cyangwa imbuto ; Iyo ukoresheje imbuto kuri hegitari hajyaho hagati y' ibiro 8 na 12 , ku ntera ya cm 60 hagati y' imirongo , mu murongo bakamisha nk' uko batera Kolorisi ; Iyo batera bakoresheje ibitsinsi , basiga cm 50 hagati mu murongo na cm 80 hagati y' imirongo ; hakenerwa ibitsinsi bigera ku 20000 ; Uko Ubwatsi bw' Ivubwe ( Brachiaria ) busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : Ivubwe risarurwa byibuze iyo 50 ku ijana yatangiye kuzana ururabyo ; Rishobora gusarurwa kane mu mwaka ; Umusaruro ugenda wiyongera kugera ku mwaka wa 5 ugatangira kugabanyuka . Icyo gihe ni ngombwa kuvugurura .
Guhinga ubwatsi bwa Cenkurusi ( Cenchrus ciliaris ) : Cenkurusi ikunda ubutaka burimo umucanga ; Ishaka ubutaka burumbutse , ubutaka bugaragara ko butera hakoresha ifumbire y' ishwagara ingana na toni 2 . 5 kuri hegitari n' imborera ihagije ingana na toni 10 - 15 kuri hegitari mu gihe cyo gutera ; Imbuto imera neza ni ibitswe igihe cy' amezi 6 nyuma yo gusarurwa ; Ishobora guhingwa mu murima wihariye cyangwa mu rwuri ; Haterwa ibiro 10 - 12 kuri hegitari bagashyira imbuto mu bujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 1 ; Batera mu murongo bamisha ku ntera ya sentimetero 50 hagati y' imirongo ; Ishobora no guterwa hakoreshejwe ibitsinsi ku ntera ya metero 1 hagati y' imirongo na santimetero 50 mu murongo , ni ukuvuga ko hakenerwa ibitsinsi 20 000 kuri hegitari ; Ni igihingwa kimara imyaka myinshi ( imyaka 5 ) mu murima ; Ni byiza kubagara ku gihe kitarenze ukwezi ukimara gutera ; Uko ubwatsi bwa Cenkurusi ( Cenchrus ciliaris ) busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : Cenkurusi isarurwa itangiye kurabya nibura ku kigero cya 50 % cy' umurima ; Isarurwa incuro 2 kugera ku 3 mu mwaka igatanga umusaruro ungana na toni 40 kuri Hegitari z' ubwatsi bubisi . Ishobora guterwa ku mirongo hagakoreshwa hagati y' ibiro 10 - 12 kuri hegitari .
Guhinga ubwatsi bwa Panikumu coloratum ; Ni ubwatsi bushobora kuba burebure bushobora guterwa ukoresheje utugeri twazo ; Uruti rwayo rugira 2 - 4 mm z' ubugari kandi bushobora kugeza 0 . 3 - 1 . 5m z' uburebure iyo bukuze ; Intera ikoreshwa ingana 60 - 90 x 60 cm mu mirongo no hagati y' imirongo . Imbuto iterwa mu bujyakuziu bwa cm1 - 2 . Intera ingana na cm 90 hagati y' imirongo ikangana na cm 30 - 45 cm ; Uko ubwatsi bwa Panikumu coloratum busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : - Akenshi ikorwamo ubwatsi buhunitswe bwumye ( Hay ) - Mu kiro kimwe habonekamo 0 . 8 - 1 . 4 milliyoni z' imbuto .
Ubwatsi bwa Panikumu maximum ; ? Ni ubwatsi bushobora kuba burebure bushobora guterwa ukoresheje utugeri twazo ; ? Uruti rwayo rugira 2 - 4 mm z' ubugari kandi bushobora kugeza 0 . 3 - 1 . 5m z' uburebure iyo bukuze ; ? Intera ikoreshwa ingana 60 - 90 x 60 cm mu mirongo no hagati y' imirongo . Imbuto iterwa mu bujyakuziu bwa cm1 - 2 . Intera ingana na cm 90 hagati y' imirongo ikangana na cm 30 - 45 cm ; Uko Panikumu maximum busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : - Akenshi ikorwamo ubwatsi buhunitswe bwumye ( Hay ) - Mu kiro kimwe habonekamo 0 . 8 - 1 . 4 million z' imbuto .
Ubwatsi bwa Calliandra na Leucaena : Calliandra na Leucaena ni ibiti by' ibinyamisogwe bimara imyaka myinshi mu murima . ; Bashobora gutera ingemwe zivuye muri pepiniyeri zimaze amezi 2 - 3 , cyangwa bagahita batera imbuto mu murima ; Imbuto zateguriwe mu buhumbikiro nizo zikura neza kandi vuba ; Imbuto zibanza kwinikwa mu mazi akonje mu gihe cy' amasaha 48 . Zivanwa mu mazi iyo zatangiye kuzana imimero . Zishobora no kwinikwa mu mazi ashyushye cyane ( 80oC ) mu gihe cy' iminota ibiri hanyuma zikumutswa vuba ; Batera mu mirongo ku ntera ya metero 1 hagati y' imirongo ku butaka buhinze neza mu gihe bihinze byonyine ; Akenshi bihingwa bivanze n' iyindi myaka cyane cyane ku miringoti ; Uko Ubwatsi bwa Calliandra na Leucaena busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi ;
Ubwatsi bw' Umuvumburankwavu ( Desmodium Spp ) : ü Ni igihingwa gishobora kumara imyaka myinshi mu murima . ü Izikunze kugaragara ni amoko 3 ariyo : Desmodiyumu ihagarara ( Desmodium distortum ) na Desmodium zirandaranda ( Desmodium intortum na Desmodiyum uncinatum ) . Ishobora guterwa mu buryo bubiri : Gutera imbuto aho ibiro 5 - 10 bishobora gutera hegitari imwe , batera bamisha mu murongo ku ntera ya metero 1 hagati y' imirongo ; Desmodium irandaranda ishobora kuvangwa mu murima n' ibinyampeke cyane cyane urubingo ; Zishobora guterwa nk' imigozi y' ibijumba iyo ingeri zayo zikuze ; Ziterwa mu butaka bufumbiye bihagije kandi mu gihe cy' imvura ; Ubwoko burandaranda butanga umusaruro mwiza ahantu hakonja naho ubwoko buhagarara bugatanga umusaruro mwiza ahantu hashyuha . Uko Ubwatsi bw' Umuvumburankwavu ( Desmodium Spp ) busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : ü Desmodium isarurwa igeze igihe cyo kurabya nibura 50 % byarabye ; ü Igihe cyo gusarura itemerwa kuri santimetero 10 hejuru y' ubutaka ; ü Itanga toni 30 z' ubwatsi butoshye iyo ihinze yonyine , toni 20 iyo ivanze n' ibindi bihingwa bituma itabona urumuri ruhagije na toni 10 iyo ibindi bihingwa biyicura urumuri ; ü Mu gutubura imbuto , itanga umusaruro muke w' ibiro 80 - 100 kg kuri hegitare ;
Ubwatsi bwa Luzerne ( Alfalfa ) : ü Alfalfa ni ubwatsi bugira intungamubiri ku gipimo kiri hejuru bworoshya igogora kuko bunaryohera amatungo ; ü Bumara imyaka myinshi mu murima iyo iri ku butaka buberanye nayo ; ü Batera ibiro 5 - 10 kuri hegitari , batera bamisha mu murongo ku ntera ya santimetero 50 hagati y' imirongo ; ü Ikenera guhingwa mu butaka burumbuka ; ü Ikenera kubagarwa kenshi ikimera kugira ngo ikure neza ; ü Ni ubwatsi bushibuka vuba kandi butanga umusaruro mwiza ahantu hakonja ; Ni byiza kuyihinga mu byiciro bitandukanye hagamijwe guhorana umusaruro wayo kuko yera vuba ; Uko Ubwatsi bwa Luzerne ( Alfalfa ) busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : ? Isarurwa itangiye kurabya bakayitemera kuri santimetero 5 kuva ku butaka ; ? Umwaka wa mbere ishobora kugeza ku musaruro w' ubwatsi butoshye ungana na toni 10 kuri hegitari ; ? Umwaka wa kabili umusaruro uriyongera ukagera kuri toni 50 kuri hegitari ; ? Umwaka wa gatatu iragabanuka ikagera kuri toni 30 kuri hegitari ; ? Itemwa inshuro 8 zirenga mu mwaka ; ? Ni ubwatsi butemwa vuba nyuma y' ukwezi kumwe iyo ubutaka bufite amazi ahagije . Ishobora kandi gutanga imbuto zingana 80 - 100 kg / ha .
Ubwatsi bwa Lablab Purpureus : ü Lablab ni ubwatsi bushobora kumara umwaka cyangwa urenga ) ü Batera ibiro 20 kuri hegitari ; ü Batera imbuto ebyiri mu mwobo wa santimetero 2 , 5 ku ntera ya metero 1 kuri metero 1 ; ü Ibyiza ariko ni ukuyihinga yonyine kubera ko ikura buhoro kandi ikera vuba ; ü Yihanganira ibihe by' izuba ryinshi kandi ntimera ahantu hari amazi menshi mu butaka ; ü Itwikira cyane ubutaka bikabwongerera ifumbire ; Uko Ubwatsi bwa Lablab Purpureus busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : Ku bwatsi isarurwa itangiye kurabya bakayitemera hejuru y' aho ishamikiye kuri santimetero 15 kuva ku butaka kugira ngo ibashe gushibuka neza ; Ishobora gusarurwa inshuro 3 ku mwaka iyo itemwe neza igatanga toni16 z' ubwatsi bubisi kuri hegitari ku musaruro umwe . Ishobora kandi gutanga imbuto zingana 450 - 1000 kg / ha .
Ubwatsi bwa Mucuna / Mukuna : Mucuna ni ubwatsi bumara umwaka mu murima ; Batera kg 20 kuri hegitari batera imbuto ebyiri mu mwobo wa santimetero 2 , 5 z' ubujyakuzimu , ku ntera ya metero 1 kuri metero 1 . Ikunda ubutaka butandukanye burimo umucanga n' ibumba kandi yihanganira ubutaka busharira ; Iyo idashingiriye itwikiracyane ubutaka bikabwongerera ifumbire . Ishobora kuvangwa na Chloris gayana , Pannicum maximum cyangwa urubingo kuko inongera ifumbire ya azote ( Nitrogen ) mu butaka ikenerwa cyane n' ibinyampeke ; Uko Ubwatsi bwa Mucuna / Mukuna busarurwa kugirango imbuto iboneke cyangwa ubwatsi : ? Ku bwatsi isarurwa itangiye kurabya bakayitemera kuri santimetero 30 kuva ku butaka ; ? Ishobora gutanga ubwatsi bubisi bungana na toni 17 kuri hegitari ; ? Ishobora kandi gutanga imbuto zingana na 900 - 1200 kg / ha .
Ibiranga ubwiza bw' imbuto y' Ubwatsi ni ibi bikurikira : 1 . Kureba imiterere mu buryo bw' umwimerere y' imbuto ( physical Purity ) 2 . Ubudasa bw' imbuto mu mwimerere wayo ( genetic purity ) 3 . Kumera kwayo : Kwihuta cg gutinda kwayo ( Ijanisha ) 4 . Kuvuduka mu gukura ; 5 . Urugero ifite rw' amazi ; 6 . Ubuzima bwiza ; 7 . Uburemere bw' imbuto ; 8 . Aho yaturutse ; 9 . Ingano y' ibindi bintu bibi bidakenewe biri mu mbuto ; 10 . Kuba zose zifite ireme rimwe ( Homogeneity ) 11 .
Kugosora imbuto y' ubwatsi : Ø Gutandukanya imbuto , amahundo n' igiti mu gihe cyo guhura ; Ø Gukoresha intoki bituma ubona imbuto nziza ariko birahenze ; Ø Gukoresha imashini zabugenewe : Birahenze kandi bikoreshwa kubafite imirima migari ; Ø Mu kugosora kandi habamo gutandukanya umwanda n' imbuto ; Kumisha imbuto ; Kugabanyamo amazi : Amazi yemewe ntagomba kurenza hagati ya 3 - 7 % kugira ngo imbuto zibikwe neza .
Kubika imbuto y' ubwatsi mu bikoresho byabugenewe bikorwa mu buro bukurikira : Imbuto zifite isuku , zifungwa mu bubiko zigashyirwaho ibimenyetso biziranga ( Itariki yatunganyirijweho n' igihe izarangirira , ubwoko b' imbuto , amazina yayo , ingano yayo , aho yatunganyirijwe , umuryango ibarizwamo n' igipimo cyo kumera ) Kuzifunga bifasha kumenya ingano yazo ku baje kuyigura , kuyitwara cyangwa ugiye kuzibika ; Bizirinda kwangirika no gutakara kw' umusaruro , kuzibika ahabereye imbuto no koroshya mu kuyigurisha no gutanga amakuru akenewe kuri iyo mbuto . Aho imbuto z' ubwatsi zibikwa : Imbuto zibikwa ni imbuto zeze neza , zitarwaye ntizigire n' ibyonnyi , zagosowe , zumye neza , zikabikwa aho ubushyuhe n' ubuhehere bukwiriye butazangiza kandi mu bikoresho byabugenewe .
Aho imbuto y' ubwatsi bw' amatungo ituruka : Imbuto y' ubwatsi bw' amatungo ituruka ku batubuzi mpuzamahanga babifitiye uburenganzira bwo gutubura ikaba igurwayo binyuze mu masoko n' ababifitiye uburenganzira bwo gutumiza imbuto mu mahanga bafite uruhushya ( Import permit ) rutangwa na RICA . Ahandi ishobora guturuka ni muri RAB . Bamwe muri abo batubuzi bo ku rwego mpuzamahanga twavuga CIMMYT , CIAT , IRLI , SOUT – SOUTH LINKAGE , SIDA , KENYA SEED COMPANY , WESTERN COMPANIES . Imbuto yinjira mu gihugu kandi igomba kugeragezwa muri laboratwari mbere y' uko yandikwa mu mbuto ziboneka mu gihugu . RAB igira nama abatumiza imbuto hanze byibuze gutumiza imbuto fatizo ( Pre - basic seed ) .
Ni gute imbuto ivuye hanze yinjira mu Gihugu : Ikigo cya RICA ( Rwanda Inspectorate , Competition , and Consumer Protection Authority ) ni cyo gifite inshingano zo gutanga uburenganzira bwo kwinjiza imbuto mu Gihugu binyuze mu itsinda ryo kwemeza imbuto rigizwe n' impuguke zo muri RAB , UR , na RICA ( variety release committee ) . Iryo tsinda rikora ibizami bya laboratwari byo kugenzura ubwiza bwayo kugirango ryemeze ko imbuto yemewe gukoreshwa mu Gihugu .
Mu Rwanda hakoreshwa « inzego » zingahe z' imbuto z' ubwatsi bw' amatungo ? Inzego z' imbuto z' ' ubwatsi bw' amatungo zishyirwaho hakurikijwe uko imbuto zigenda zibyara izindi kuva mu kigo cy' ubushakashatsi kugera ku mworozi . Izo nzego ni izi : a ) Imbuto y' icyororo ( Pre basic seed ) Ni imbuto y' ubwatsi bw' amatungo nshashya iboneka ikomotse ku bushakashatsi . Iyo mbuto iba ari nke cyane , ubusugire bwayo bukabungabungwa n' ikigo cy' ubushakashatsi ( RAB ) ari nacyo gishinzwe kuyitanga , kugira ngo hatagira igihinduka ku miterere yayo . b ) Imbuto y' ifatizo ( Basic seed ) Iboneka bahinze rimwe cyangwa kabiri imbuto y' icyororo , kugira ngo yiyongere , hanyuma ikwirakwizwe aho igenewe . Ibyo biterwa n' uko imbuto irumbuka . Urugero - Ibinyamisogwe birumbuka buhoro buhoro , bahinga ibihe by' ihinga bibiri kugira ngo haboneke imbuto ihagije . - Ibinyampeke byo mu ihinga rimwe gusa , ushobora kubona imbuto y' ifatizo ihagije . c ) Imbuto y' ibanze ( Certified seed ) Ikomoka ku mbuto y' icyororo cyangwa y' ifatizo , igatuburwa n' ibigo bibizobereyemo nk' ikigo cy' igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry' ubuhinzi n' ubworozi ( RAB ) , cyangwa abikorera ku giti cyabo babyifuza , babifitiye ubumenyi ndetse n' ubushobozi kandi babiherewe uburenganzira n' ababishinzwe ; d ) Imbuto icuruzwa ifite icyemezo ( Quality declared seed ) Ikomoka ku mbuto y' ibanze , ikaba urwego rwa nyuma rw' imbuto z' ubwatsi bw' amatungo , ariko iyi mbuto igira amoko abiri , hakurikijwe uburyo zituburwa : - Imbuto yahawe icyemezo , nyuma yo gutuburwa zihabwa icyemezo ( Certificat ) n' ikigo gishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw' imbuto ( RICA ) .
Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere Ubuhinzi n' Ubworozi ntabwo kiratangira kujya gikora imbuto nshya z' ubwatsi bw' amatungo . Iyi ikaba ariyo mpamvu ushaka gutumiza imbuto y' ubwatsi bw' amatungo agirwa inama yo gutumiza imbuto fatizo ( Pre - basic seed ) akayituburira mu mirima yayo yihariye , hagendewe ku birebana no kubahiriza intera kugirango kumera kwayo kwihute kandi kugende neza . Uko gutumiza imbuto bisaba gukorana n' ibigo bibishinzwe birimo icya RICA nk' uko byavuzwe haruguru . Kugeza ubu imbuto zishobora gutumizwa hanze ku batubuzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mu masoko n' ababifitiye uburenganzira bwo gutumiza imbuto mu mahanga bafite uruhushya ( Import permit ) rutangwa na RICA . Imbuto nyinshi abatubuzi bafite ikomoka muri RAB ikaba yaratangiye kuyiha abatubuzi ngo bayitubure mu rwego rwo kugirango iboneke ikindi ibashe kugera ku borozi nabo bayihinge bityo babashe kugaburi amatungo yabo .
Kwandika abatubuzi b' imbuto z' ubwatsi : Buri mutubuzi w' imbuto z' ubwatsi agomba kwandikisha imirima ye atuburiramo imbuto mu kigo cya RICA kugirango yemererwe gutubura imbuto .
Ø KwandikiraRAB uyisaba kuba umutubuzi ; Ø Kuzuza ifishi yo gusaba kuba umutubuzi ; Ø Kuba ufite imirima ihagije ; Ø Kugira imbuga yo gusaruriraho no gutunganyirizaho umusaruro ; Ø Kugira aho kubika imbuto ( umusaruro ) .
UBWOKO BW ' INZU Y ' INKWAVU : Inzu y' inkwavu ishobora kuba hanze cyangwa mu nyubako ( hangari ) . Akenshi , inzu yo hanze ( hangari ) usanga ihenze cyane . Akamaro k' inzu yo hanze : Inzu irahendutse ; Inkwavu zibona umwuka mwiza ; Urumuri rwinshi kandi rwigihe kirekire ; Gukora isuku biroroha ; Imbogamizi z' ikiraro cyo hanze ; Umutekano muke ( abajura , imbwa , ipusi , n' ibindi . ) Umuyaga mwinshi ; Ubukonje bukabije ; Imvura nyinshi , n' ibindi ; Indwara ; Akamaro kinyubako ifunze : Umutekano mwiza w' inkwavu ; Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda ikirere ; Gukumira indwara ; Imbogamizi ; Inyubako irahenze ; Ibibazo by' ubushyuhe ; Ibibazo byo guhumeka mu gihe amadirisha ari matoya ; Indwara z' ubuhumekero ; IIcyuIcyitonderwa : Muguhitamo ubwoko bw' inzu y' inkwavu , ni ngombwa kuzirikana imyitwarire yazo karemano . Bibaye byiza , inzu y' inkwavu igomba gutanga amahirwe kunkwavu yo gukina , no kwihisha , ndetse no gukingirwa ibiza n' ibyonyi .
IBIGENDERWAHO MU GUHITAMO AHO KUBAKA IKIRARO CY ' INKWAVU : 1 . Ahantu humutse kandi kure y' umugezi mu kwirinda : · Gutakaza amatungo mu gihe cy' umwuzure ; · Kwirinda impumuro mbi ndetse n' amasazi cyangwa imibu ; 2 . Ubutaka bunini ku mpamvu : · Kwagura ibikorwa ; · Sitoke y' ibiryo n' ibikoresho ; · Gushira aho inkwavu zarwarira mugihe zafashwe n' indwara ; 3 . Kure yandi mazu ku mpamvu zo : · Kwirinda umwuka utari mwiza kubatuye hafi y' ikiraro ; · Kwirinda amazi yanduye ; 4 . Hafi y' ibikorwa remezo : · Kubona amazi meza yujuje ubuziranenge ; · Amashanyarazi ; · Ubutabazi bwihuse ( ivuriro , veterineri , polisi , imodoka za kizimyamoto ) 5 . Hafi y' umuhanda nyabagendwa : · Kugezwaho ibiryo n' ibindi bikoresho nkenerwa mu bworozi ; · Korohereza abakiriya , veterineri n' imodoka zizana ibikoresho cyangwa amatungo .
IBYINGENZI MU KUBAKA IKIRARO CY ' INKWAVU : Ingano y' ubushyuhe : · Kubaka ikiraro kuburyo ubushyuhe buba hagati ya 10° to 26°C . Hejuru ya 28°C , inkwavu zirya gake cyane , ahubwo zikanywa amazi menshi . Ubuhehere : Inkwavu ntabwo zihanganira ubuhehere buke . Ubusanzwe , inkwavu zimererwa neza ku buhehere buri hagati ya 55 to 70 % . Umwuka uhagije : Ni ngombwa kugira umwuka uhagije mu kiraro cyane cyane igihe cy' ubushyuhe no mu gihe inkwavu ari nyinshi mu kiraro . Urumuri : Inkwavu zikenera urumuri rungana n' amasaha 8 kw' isekurume n' amasaha 16 kunyagazi mu gihe izikura zo zikenera urumuri rwinyongera ruri hagati yisaha 1 na 2 . Ibipimo by' ikiraro ; Ubusanzwe , ikiraro cy' inkwavu kigizwe na : Inyubako yo hanze ( hangari ) Ikibuti cyangwa kaje ; Uburiro n' ubunywero ; Inyubako y' inzu y' inkwavu : Hangari ishobora kuba nini cyangwa ntoya bitewe n' amikoro ndetse n' umubare w' inkwavu uteganijwe : Uburebure ( length ) = biterwa n' umubare w' inkwavu n' amikoro ; Ubugari ( Width ) = biterwa n' umubare w' inkwavu n' amikoro ; Ubuhagarike ( Height ) = 2 .
Ubwoko bw' ikibuti ( kaje ) : Ubusanzwe , ikibuti gikozwe na senyenge kandi gishobora kugira forume y' urukiramende cyangwa rectangle ( impande enye ) . Ubugari bw' ikibuti / kaje ; Urukwavu rugufi rwirambura neza mugihe rurimo kuruhuka , bityo kaje igomba kuba nini bihagije kugirango urukwavu rubashe kurambura amaguru neza . Ubugari ntarengwa ni 60cm ku rukwavu ruto na 90cm ku rukwavu runini ; Uburebure bw' ikibuto / kaje ; Ikibuti kigomba kuba kirekire bihagije kugirango urukwavu rubashe gusimbuka byibura inshuro 3 cyangwa 4 ntakirubangamiye . Urukwavu ruciriritse rusimbuka kuri buri nshuro 45cm . Umworozi agomba kwibuka ubuso bwose kwa kaje . Urugero . Niba kaje ifite 5 . 08 cm na 15 . 24 cm ni ukuvugako ubuso bwose ari 77 . 4 cm2 . Ubuhagarike ; Urukwavu ruhagarara ku maguru kugira ngo rurebe niba umutekano warwo uhagije . Bityo kaje igomba kuba ifite uburebure buhagije kugirango rubashe guhagarara neza . Ubuhagarike bwa 60cm mubusanzwe burahagije kurukwavu ruto ariko amoko manini arashobora gukenera hafi 90cm . Ikibuti cyororerwamo inkwavu : Ikibuti cyororerwamo inkwavu kigomba kugira ubunini bukwiriye bitewe n' umubare w' inkwavu zigomba kororerwamo . Ku mubare w' inkwavu 10 , ikibuti kigomba kuba gifite ubugari bwa 2 m n' uburebure bwa 2 m , bikatanga igiteranyo cya 4 m² . Ku nkwavu 15 , ikibuti kigomba kugira ubugari bwa 2 m n' uburebure bwa 3 m , bigatanga igiteranyo cya 6 m² . Ku nkwavu 20 , ubugari bugomba kuba 2 m naho uburebure 4 m , bitanga igiteranyo cya 8 m² . Ku nkwavu 25 , ikibuti kigomba kuba 2 m ku bugari na 5 m ku burebure , bityo bikaba 10 m² . Ku nkwavu 30 , ubugari bwa 2 m n' uburebure bwa 6 m bitanga igiteranyo cya 12 m² . Ikibuti inkwavu zibyariramo : Imiterere ya kaje z' inkwavu itandukana bitewe n' ingano y' urukwavu . Ku rukwavu rutoya rufite ibiro hagati ya 2 . 5 na 4 . 5 , kaje igenewe kubyariramo igomba kugira uburebure bwa 100 cm , ubugari bwa 80 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 55 cm . Naho kaje igenewe inyagazi imwe ( urukwavu rumwe ) igomba kugira uburebure bwa 85 cm , ubugari bwa 60 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 55 cm . Ku rukwavu ruri hagati ( ruri hagati ya 4 . 5 na 5 . 5 kg ) , kaje igenewe kubyariramo igomba kugira uburebure bwa 125 cm , ubugari bwa 80 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 60 cm . Kaje ya buri nyagazi imwe igomba kugira uburebure bwa 105 cm , ubugari bwa 60 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 60 cm . Ku rukwavu runini rufite ibiro birenga 5 . 5 , kaje igenewe kubyariramo igomba kugira uburebure bwa 145 cm , ubugari bwa 80 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 65 cm . Naho kaje igenewe inyagazi imwe igomba kugira uburebure bwa 125 cm , ubugari bwa 60 cm , n' ubuhagarike bwa 65 cm .