C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Gusuzuma ubukonje n' ubushyuhe mu kiraro cy' inkoko : Nyuma yo kwitegereza neza imyitwarire y' imishwi mu kiraro , umworozi agomba gukora isuzuma ry' ubukonje n' ubushyuhe bw' imishwi . Isuzumwa rikorwa hagendewe ku mibare y' imishwi umworozi afite . Nyuma y' isaha imwe imishwi ishizwe maho igomba kororerwa , umworozi afata byibuze kimwe cy' ijana ( 1 % ) cy' imishwi yoroye akareba uko utuguru tumeze ko nta biryo cyangwa amazi byafasheho . Ushobora gukoza utuguru tw' umushwi ku mubiri wawe kugira ngo wumve ko dushyushye cyangwa dukonje . Ibi biguha kumenya neza ko ubushyuhe mu kiraro cy' inkoko bumeze neza cyangwa ugomba kugira icyo ubukoraho . Nyuma y' amasaha abiri w' akiriye imishwi ushobora guha imishwi amazi arimo ibisukari ( girikoze ) . Hanyuma ugakomeza n' amazi asukuye kandi ahoraho .
Byibuze nyuma y' amasaha 24 , impapuro zose zigomba kuvanwa mu kiraro cy' inkoko . Isaso ikoreshwa mu kiraro cy' inkoko igomba kuba yumye neza . Umwuka uhagije ni ngombwa cyane mu kiraro cy' inkoko .
Ibikoresho Byifashishwa Mu Bworozi Bw' inkoko : Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu bworozi bw' inkoko akenshi biterwa n' impamvu ndetse n' uburyo umworozi yahisemo korora inkoko ze ( inkoko zitanga inyama cyangwa amagi , cyangwa izimberabyombi ) .
Kurera imishwi ni iki ? Kurera imishwi ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu kubundikira umubare munini w' imishwi hadakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe aho inkokokazi ubundikira imishwi yayo . Ubu buryo busimbura inkokokazi bushobora kwifashishwa mu kurera imishwi mike cyangwase myinshi cyane .
Ibisabwa mbere yo gutangira ubworozi bw' inkoko zitanga inyama : Mbere yo gutangira ubworozi bw' inkoko zitanga inyama , umworozi agomba kubanza gutekereza ku bintu bikurikira :
Ibisabwa mu gukora ibiryo by' inkoko : Ibiryo by' inkoko zaba izitanga inyama , izitanga amagi cyangwa se izimberabyombi , bikorwa hifashishijwe uruvange ry' ibiryo bigizwe n' intungamubiri zitandukanye kandi ku kigero gitandukanye . Muribyo haba harimo ibyubaka umubiri , ibitera imbaraga , ibirinda indwara , imyunyu ngugu , ndetse na Premix zitandukanye . Ibi bishobora kuvangwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa bivanzwe ku ijanisha ryabugenewe kuri buri kimwe . Urugero twafata , ni kubigori bizwiho kuba bigize igice kini cyane cy' ibigize ibiryo bigaburirwa inkoko , aho akenshi hakoreshwa ingano ya 60 - 70 % y' ibigize ibiryo by' inkoko .
Urumuri mu bworozi bw' inkoko zitanga inyama : Mu bworozi bw' inkoko zitanga inyama , ni byiza ko urumuri ruguma mu kiraro amasaha 24 kuva ku mushwi w' umunsi umwe kugeza ku kigero cyo kubagwa .
Kwirinda No Kugenzura Indwara Z ' inkoko : Ubwirinzi ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu kurinda ikwirakwizwa ry' indwara mu nkoko . Ubu buryo bwubahirizwa hirindwa urujya n' uruza rw' ibinyabuzima bishobora gutera izo ndwara nka virusi , bagiteri , imbeba n' abantu n' ibindi bintu . Inkoko ni itungo rifatwa n' indwara muburyo bworoshye kandi bwihuse . Indwara z' inkoko zihungabanya ubuzima rusange bw' inkoko kandi ni kimwe mubitera igihombo mu bworozi . Gufata ingamba zo kurwanya no gukumira indwara z' inkoko ni iby' agaciro mu bworozi bw' inkoko kuko gukumira indwara byakozwe neza bihendutse kurusha kuzivura ; Iyo umworozi amenye igitera indwara n' uburyo zikwirakwizwa , ashobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya no kwirinda ingaruka indwara zateza ubworozi bwe . Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara mu nkoko : isuku nkeya , udukoko dutera uburwayi , urujya n' uruza rw' abantu n' amatungo aho inkoko zororewe , indyo ituzuye n' ibindi .
Isuku n' isukura mu nkoko : Isuku n' isukura ni ibikorwa byose bikorwa n' ingamba zifatwa kugira ngo hirindwe indwara n' ikwirakwizwa ryazo mu inkoko . Isuku mu bworozi bw' inkoko ikumira udukoko dutera uburwayi kwinjira , gukwirakwira no kugumamo .
Uburyo bwo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry' indwara z' inkoko :
Wakwirinda ute indwara n' ibyorezo mu bworozi bwawe bw' inkoko wita ku isuku ? Ita cyane ku isuku , woza utera n' umuti wica udukoko wabigenewemu buryo buhoraho . Hindura isaso .
Uko basukura ikiraro kigiye kwakira inkoko bwa mbere : Sukura ikiraro ukoresheje isabune , tangirira ku gisenge , hanyuma inkuta ugera hasi . Ibuka gusukura inkuta nogukuramo ibitagangurirwa ; Sukura inzu n' ibikoresho nyuma ukoreshe umuti wica udukoko ; wabigenewe ; Siga ishwagara ikiraro cy' inkoko hasi no ku nkuta byibuze metero imwe uvuye hasi ; Tegereza nibura iminsi ibiri humuke maze ushyiremo isaso yumutse ; Shyiramo isaso ikwiranye n' ubuso bwose bw' ikiraro nibura k' umubyimba wa santimetero eshanu ( 5cm ) Isaso igomba guterwa umuti wica udukoko ; Funga neza ikiraro cyawe utegereze ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gushyiramo inkoko .
Gahunda yo kwirinda indwara mu nkoko hakoreshejwe imiti n' inkingo : Ahaturuka indwara ni aha hakurikira : Inkoko zapfuye ntizitabwe mucyobo cyabugenewe cyangwa ngo zitwikwe ; Amazi cyangwa ibiryo byanduye .
Icyo amatotoro y' inkoko atubwira kubuzima bwazo : Ubusanzwe , amatotoro y' inkoko ashobora gusa n' icyatsi kibisi , umuhondo , umukara cyangwa ikigina bitewe n' ibyo yariye ; Iyo umworozi akurikirana neza umunsi ku w' undi inkoko ze , ashobora kubona impinduka akamenya niba hari ibitagendaneza arebeye kumatotoro .
Indwara y' Inzoka y' inkoko : Ikigero cy' inkoko zifata : Inkoko ntoya cyane cyane . Ibimenyetso : Guhumeka nabi , gufureka , gukura nabi , guhitwa , kwitsamura , kunanuka . Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya : Gukoresha imiti y' inzoka no kugira isuku y' aho ziba n' ibyo ziriramo .
Indwara ya Gumboro y' inkoko : Indwara ya Gumboro ni indwara mbi cyane kuko iyo igeze mu nkoko izica mu gihe gito cyane . Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira inkoko zitaruzuza ibyumweru 17 zivutse . Ikunda kwibasira inkoko zitera amagi kurusha iz' inyama . Ibimenyetso : Igabanuka mu kurya no kunywa ; impiswi akenshi amatotoro yafashe ku akabuno k' inkoko ; kwibumbira kw' amaraso y' umukara mu bice by' umubiri ( inyama ) no guhundagara . Uburyo warinda inkoko indwara ya Gumboro : Indwara ya gumboro ntivurwa ( nta muti igira kuko iterwa na virusi ) . Gusa mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibyuririzi , amavitamine , amazi meza kugira ngo bagabanye ubukana bwayo mu nkoko . Kwita ku isuku rusange , gusukura ibice byagaragayemo indwara , gukuramo inkoko zagaragaje uburwayi zigashyirwa ukwazo . Icy' ingenzi kurusha ibi byose byavuzwe umworozi agomba gukingira inkoko ze ku gihe .
Indwara y' Umuraramo cyangwa umusinziro y' inkoko : Ikigero cy' inkoko zifatwa n' Umuraramo cyangwa umusinziro : Inkoko ntoya n' inkuru ; Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' Umuraramo cyangwa umusinziro mu nkoko : Guhitwa iby' umweru cyangwa iby' umuhondo , amababa agacurama , inkoko ziriyegeranya , ntizishobore kugenda , ntizirye , ntizibona ntizibashe guhagarara . Kurwanya indwara y' Umuraramo cyangwa umusinziro mu nkoko :
indwara y' Umuzimire ( coccidiose ) y' inkokoKokisidiyoze ( ubukoko bwo mumara ) : Umuzimire . Iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho mu rugero rw' inkoko zose ( intoya n' inkuru ) . Ibimenyetso bya Kokisidiyoze ( COCCIDIOSIS ) : Umunaniro ( gucika intege ) , kubika umutwe ; amababa agangaraye , guta amatotoro y' umweru , narimo amaraso , kutarya , kweruruka kw' ibirokoroko . Itera urupfu rwinshi mu nkoko zikiri ntoya cyangwa se kugwingira ; Ubwirinzi : Kugira isuku ihagije no gukingira ; Guhamagara umuvuzi w' amatungo wabyigiye mu gihe abona ibimenyetso by' indwara inkoko nk' uko amabwiriza abiteganya ; Kuvura izirwaye : Ivurwa n' antibiyitoki . Ushyira mumazi cyangwa mubiryo .
Ibimenyetso by' inkoko irwaye : Inkoko irwaye ( ntibasha kurya , iba yigunze , irahagira , ipfuka amababa , irangwa no kwitsamura , gukorora , igira ibimyira mu mazuru , igira amarira mu maso , amatotoro yayo aba ari amazi cyangwa arimo amaraso n' ibindi ) .
Gahunda yo gukingira ku nkoko z' amagi : Ku munsi wa 0 , urukingo rwa Marek rwitwa CEVAC MD HVT RISPENS rutangirwa mu ituragiro . Ku munsi wa 3 , hakorwa urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis ( BI ( mass ) + BI ( variant ) ) hifashishijwe CEVAC BI L + CEVAC Ibird rukaba rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 7 , urukingo rwa GUMBORO ( IBDV ) rwitwa CEVAC Gumbo L rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 14 , urukingo rwa GUMBORO ( IBDV ) rwitwa CEVAC IBDL rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 21 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 25 , urukingo rwa GUMBORO ( IBDV ) rwitwa CEVAC IBD L rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 35 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 45 , urukingo rwa Fowl Pox ( FP ) rwitwa CEVAC FPL rutangwa guterwa mu ibaba . Ku munsi wa 56 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 70 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis ( BI Mass ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L + CEVAC BRON L Cyangwa ( CEVAC NBL ) rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 91 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis BI ( Variant ) rwitwa CAVAC NEW L + CEVAC Ibird rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Hagati y' iminsi 112 na 119 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis ( BI ) + Egg - drop syndrome ( EDS ) + coryza ( ABC ) + salmonella Enteritidis rwitwa Cevac Corymune 7k rutangwa guterwa mu nyama . Ku munsi wa 196 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis ( BI Mass ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L + CEVAC BRON L Cyangwa CEVAC NBL rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 245 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis BI ( Variant ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L + CEVAC Ibird rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa . Ku munsi wa 385 , urukingo rwa New Castle ( ND ) + infectious bronchitis BI ( Variant ) rwitwa CEVAC NEW L + CEVAC Ibird rutangwa mu mazi yo kunywa .
Guha imishwi ibiryo : Mbere yo gushyira imishwi aho igomba kurererwa , ugomba kubanza ugashyira ibiryo hasi kubikarita byabugenewe kugirango imishwi ibanze imenyere ibyo biryo . Ibi bifata igihe gito cyane , nyuma nibwo itangira kurira mu ruriro rwabugenewe bukoze mu mbaho cyangwa purasitiki .
Indwara ya Muryamo y' amatungo magufi yuza igaragazwa no gukorora , gushoka kw' amarira mu maso , ibimyira , gutitira , ibisebe bigaragara kumunwa , ku mazuru , ku maso no hagati y' ibinono , guhitwa , kurwaza no gupfusha amatungo menshi mu gihe gito .
Igifenesi ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) ni urubuto rubarizwa mu muryango wa Moraceae . Gikungahaye mu ntungamubiri nyinshi cyane zirimo isukari , Imyunyu ngugu ( Ubutare , Potasiyumu , Manyeziyumu , Manganeze , kuwivure , Karisiyumu , Umuringa … ) , Vitamine ( A , C , B1 , B2 , B3 na B6 ) . Izi ntungamubiri zituma umubiri wongera ubudahangarwa , imbaraga , kuringaniza umuvuduko w' amaraso , gufasha mu igogora , kurinda kanseri , gufasha amaso gukora neza , kurinda uruhu gusaza , gukomeza amagufa , gusukura amaraso , gufasha abarwayi ba asima , aba diyabete n' ibindi . Igifenesi nirwo rubuto runini kuko rushobora kugera ku biro 50 .
Igifenesi gikunda ahantu hashyuha ku kigero cya dogere 24 - 28°C ; Mu butaka butandukanye cyane cyane ubuhitisha amazi bw' urusekabuye cg urusenyi bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya 6 - 7 ; Nticyihanganira ahantu hahora hakonje cyangwa hareka amazi kuko iminsi 3 yikurikiranyije kiri mu butaka buretsemo amazi gishobora kwangirika burundu .
Gutegura pepiniyeri y' ibifenesi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikiraUbuhumbikiro bwubakwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bikurikira : Ubugari bw' umutabo : m 1 - m 1 . 2 , uburebure bw' umutabo : m 10 - m 12 , hagati y' umutabo n' undi : cm 80 - cm100 , Ibiti byo gushinga bigomba kuba bifite m1 . 8 – m 2 . 00 , Ucukura umwobo wa cm 50 z' ubujyakuzimu , ushingamo bya biti ku buryo ubuhumbikiro buba bufite m 1 . 30 - m 1 . 50 , Igomba kuba ifite ibiti , imbaho ( cyangwa imbabari ) ku mpande byo gutangira ibihoho , Igomba kuba kandi itwikiriye kugira ngo ugabanye izuba ( iyo sakaro ntigomba kuba igizwe n' ibyatsi bimera cyangwa bifite imbuto zimera ) . Mu gukwikira , hashobora gukoreshwa shadenet igabanya urumuri ku kigero cya 35 % .
Gutegura ingwemwe z' ibifenesi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ingemwe z' ibifenesi ziboneka bakoresheje imbuto ( seeds ) , babanguriye ( grafting ) cyangwa bakoresheje ingeri . Mu Rwanda uburyo bwiganje ni ugukoresha imbuto . Habanza gutoranya ibiti bitarwaye bifite imbuto z' ibifenesi zeze neza kandi zitarwaye ku buryo iyo ukubiseho wumva kirangira nk' ingoma kinahumura ; Ibibuto bikurwa mu gifenesi cyasoromwe neza ku buryo bikirinda gukomereka . Igifenesi kimwe gishobora gukurwamo imbuto ziri hagati ya 60 na 100 kandi zigakoresha mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe zitunganyijwe ; Imbuto zirongwa mu mazi kugirango hakurweho ururenda , hakurikiraho gushishuraho agahu gatwikiriye urubuto . Kwinika imbuto mu mazi mugihe cy' amasaha 24 ( Kwinika imbuto mu muti wa aside giberike 10 % ( Gibberellic acid ) byongera ubushobozi bwo kumera kugipimo cya 100 % ) Kwirinda kuzanika ku zuba kuko ubushyuhe bwinshi n' ubukonje buri munsi ya dogere 10 byahungabanya ubushobozi bwo kumera ; Urubuto rumera hagati y' ibyumweru bibiri na bitatu , zitangira kumera kuva ku munsi wa cumi kugeza ubwo mu minsi 35 - 40 zose ziba zameze ; Igifenesi cyamaze kumera kiba gifite hagati y' amababi 4 - 7 kugirango giterwe mu murima , gifite uruti rufite cm 20 z' uburebure icyo kiba kimaze hagati y' amezi 3 kugeza kuri 4 .
Imirimo rusange yo kwita ku ngemwe mu buhumbikiro ni iyi : Kuvomerera : Ni byiza kuvomerera igihe cyose imvura itagwa ; Kumenera : kugirango itaka ryo mubihoho ryorohe bityo amazi abashe kwinjiramo neza . Kubagara : utwatsi tumera mu bihoho bigomba gukurwaho bikigaragara . Guca umuzi warenze igihoho : ibi bikorwa kugirango ingemwe zidashinga imizi mu butaka bityo zikazagorana igihe cyo kuzitera mu murima . Gutera imiti : bikorwa rimwe na rimwe mu gihe hari uburwayi bwagaragaye . Kumenyereza ingemwe zenda guterwa : bagabanya gahoro gahoro amazi zihabwa mu buhumbikiro ndetse bagabanya gahoro gahoro n' igicucu . Ibi bitangira gukorwa habura nk' ukwezi kumwe kugirango ziterwe mu murima .
Gutegura umurima no guteramo ibifenesi bikorwa gutya : Hinga umurima neza uvanemo urwiri . Ni ngombwa kubanza kugaragaza mu murima ahazaterwa ibiti by' ibifenesi , hagashingwa imambo . Cukura imyobo ya cm 60 - 100 impande na cm 60 - 100 ibujyakuzimu . Igitaka cyo hejuru gishyirwa uruhande rumwe aricyo gisubiramo kivanze n' ifumbire , ibyo bigakorwa nibura icyumweru mbere yo gutera . Mu mwobo umwe hashyirwamo ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza ingana nibura n' ibase ebyiri ( kg 20 - 30 ) , Intera hagati y' igiti n' ikindi no hagati y' imirongo iba m 10 kugeza ku m12 bitewe n' uko igiti gikura kikaba kinini cyane ; Ibifenesi biterwa imvura itangiye kugwa kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Gushyingo .
Kwita ku bifenesi byatewe mu murima ; Gushingirira : Nyuma yo gutera ibiti by' igifenesi , ni byiza gushinga imambo hafi yabyo zifasha kubiyobora bigana hejuru ; Gusimbuza ibyapfuye : ingemwe zitafashe zisimbuzwa hakiri kare kugirango izizisimbuye zizakurane n' izindi . Ni ngombwa kubagara no kumenera kugirango amazi abashe kwinjira neza mu butaka . Ni ngombwa gusasira hafi y' igiti hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye neza ; Kuvomerera : igihe ibiti bikiri bito mu gihe cy' izuba . Ikata rigamije gutereka igiti : Ningombwa ko igiti kiringanizwa ; gikatirwa nibura hagati ya m 2 kugeza kuri m 3 z' ubuhagarike uvuye ku butaka . Nyuma yo gukata hasigazwa amashami 4 cyangwa 5 akayoborwa neza ku buryo mwo hagati habasha kunyuramo urumuri ; Ikata ryo gufata neza igiti : Gukuraho ibisambo , amashami yagwingiye n' ayumye ndetse n' afite uburwayi bukabije . Gushyiramo ifumbire : gushyira mu mwobo ibiro 20 - 30 by' ifumbire y' imborera ku giti . Nyuma yaho bakagenda bongera ingano buri mwaka .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' ibifenesi bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Igifenesi gitangira kwera hagati y' imyaka 4 na 5 ; Igifenesi kiba cyeze hagati y' amezi 5 - 6 kirabije . Hasarurwa urubuto rweze neza hagendewe ko mu gihe urukomanzeho wumva ruvuga nk' ingoma , ibara ry' uruhu ritakiri icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse ryahindutse umuhondo uvanzemo icyatsi kibisi cyangwa ibihogo kandi ruhumura cyane . Urubuto rukatwa hifashishijwe icyuma gityaye kandi rugafatwa neza ku buryo rugezwa ku butaka rugashyirwa mu gikoresho cya bugenewe ntaho rwangiritse .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi by' ibifenesi : 1 . Kubora k' urubuto ( Fruit rot ) : Itera kubabuka k' ururabo hanyuma rugahinduka umukara ndetse rukanahunguka , Imbuto zikiri ntoya zafashwe zihinduka umukara hanyuma zigahunguka ; rimwe na rimwe ziruma zikaguma ku giti . Iyi ndwara kandi ikomeza gufata n' imbuto zasaruwe zigashyirwa muri stock . Kuyivura bakoresha imiti nka Mancozeb , Copper hydroxide / oxychloride cyangwa chlorothalonil . 2 . Ibidomo by' amababi ( Leaf spot ) : ni ibidomo by' umutuku wijimye bifata munsi no hejuru y' ikibabi , bigenda bikura bikagira ibara risa n' ikijuju . Kubivura bakoresha imiti nka Carbendazim , Chlorothalonil na Copper hydroxide / oxychloride Umugese ( Rust ) : Ikibabi cyafashwe n' umugese kiba gifite ibibara by' umuhondo ku gice cyo hejuru naho ku gice cyo hasi hagasohokamo ibintu bisa n' umutuku , gihunguka mu gihe cy' ibyumweu bike kandi bikagabanya gukura kw' igiti n' umusaruro . Urubuto rwafashwe n' umugese ruhinduka ikigina inyuma ku ruhu ndetse hakanabora , ku nkondo y' urubuto hahinduka umukara . Mu kuyivura bakoresha imiti nka Sulfur , Chlorothalonil cyangwa tricyclazole ; 3 . Utumatirizi tw' igifenesi : ni udusimba duto tw' umuhondo werurutse ariko duhita dusohora umushongi w' umweru tudutwikira ukimara guturagwa . Dufite amaguru menshi ku mpande zose zikikije igihimba gisa n' ibara ry' ivu . Twanduza amababi n' amashami y' igihingwa bitewe natwo ubwatwo cyangwa umushongi dusohora ari nawe ukurura uruhumbu rw' umukara .
Inkeri ni iki ? Inkeri ( Fragaria ananassa ) n' igihingwa kibarizwa mu muryango w' amaroza ( rosaceae ) , gifite inko - moko muri amerika y' amajyaruguru . Inkeri ni ikimera giterwa mu butaka kikerera hejuru gato ku butaka . Zifite uruti rworoshye n' ibibabi birambuye by' icyatsi kibisi , zigira indabo z' umweru cyangwa umuhondo n' imbuto zituku - ra kandi zihumura . Inkeri ni imbuto ziribwa , ari - ko zinakorwamo ibintu bitandukanye nk' umutobe ( jus na divayi ) , confiture , yawurute n' ibindi .
Akamaro k' inkeri mu mirire ni aka gakurikira ; Inkeri zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri harimo imyunyungugu nka potasiyumu , magnesi - um , feri kalisiyumu na fosifore . Zikungahaye kuri vitamine B na C . Inkeri ni nziza ku bantu bafite amaraso akennye , kubana bafite imikurire mibi ( Rachitisme ) , no ku bantu bakuru bafite ibib - azo by' imirire mibi .
Ahantu haberanye n' ubuhinzi bw' Inkeri ni aha hakurikira : Inkeri zihingwa mu bibaya no ku misozi zikera neza mu butaka bw' umusenyi , buseseka kandi bw' isi ndende buhitisha umwuka n' amazi , bufumbiye kandi budafite ibumba ryinshi . Iyo ari ubutaka bw' ibumba ryinshi buguma butose nyuma yimvura , bikongera ibyago by' indwara no kugabanya umusaruro . ikunda kwera mu butaka bufite ikigero cy' ubusharire ( pH ) cya 5 . 5 - 6 . 5 . inkeri zirabya kandi zikera neza ahantu hari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 20 C to 29 C .
Amoko y' Inkeri aboneka mu Rwanda :
Gutegura ingemwe z' inkeri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Inkeri zishobora guterwa hakoreshejwe utu - buto twazo cyangwa udushibu ari natwo dukunze gukoreshwa kugirango bagumane umwimerere wimbuto yatewe . Udushibu dukurwa mu murima utagaragaza uburwayi kandi uteyemo ubwoko bwiza .
Gutegura umurima wo guteramo inkeri : Igihe cyiza cyo gutera inkeri ni mu Nzeri - Ukwakira ndetse na Werurwe - Mata ku misozi naho mu bibaya zigaterwa muri Mutarama - Gashyantare . Tegura umurima mu byumweru 2 mbere yo gutera , unatabike ibisigazwa by' ibimera mu butaka . Hinga ubutaka kugeza nibura ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugira ngo imizi izakure neza . Inkeri zishobora guterwa ku mitabo yegutse ku bujyejuru bwa cm 20 , cyane cyane ahantu hareka amazi . Iyo mitabo iba ifite ubugari bwa cm 100 yangwa cm 120 . Hagati y' umutabo n' undi hasigara inzira ya cm 40 .
Gutera inkeri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Mbere yo gutera vanga ubutaka n' imbore - ra ingana na toni 20 ndetse n' ibiro 20 - 40 - 40kg / ha bya NPK , Cukura imyobo ya cm 10 - 15 y' ubujyakuzi - mu hagati y' imirongo cm 60 kugera kuri cm 100 no hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi cm 30 kugera kuri cm50 . Iyo urugemwe rufite imi - zi miremire cyane uyikatisha icyuma cyang - wa imakasi ku buryo itarenga cm 10 kandi ukaza kuyitera wirinda ko yihinira mu mwobo . Tsindagira itaka gahoro impande z' urugemwe .
Kwita ku ngemwe mu murima nyuma yo utera :
Kongeraho ifumbire mva ruganda mu nkeri bikorwa gutya : Kugirango ubone umusaruro mwiza kandi mwinshi , ni ngombwa kongeraho ifumbire mva ruganda . Hashyirwaho fumbire ya DAP ( 315kg / ha ) , Ire ( 100kg / ha ) na KCL ( 275kg / ha ) , izi fumbire zishyirwaho mu byiciro bitatu ( 1 / 3 icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera , 1 / 3 Nyuma y' ibyumweru 4 na 1 / 3 nyuma y' ibyumweru 8 nyuma yo gutera ) ku mwaka wa mbere ;
Gukata no gufata neza ururabo rw' inkeri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ururabyo rwa mbere rukurwho kugirango im - baraga nyinshi zijye mu kugira imizi myinshi kandi ikomeye ibi nibyo bituma ururabyo zukurikiraho rutanga imbuto nziza , nini , kandi nyinshi .
Gusarura inkeri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikiraInkeri zitangira gutanga umusaruro nyuma y' iminsi 90 ( amezi atatu ) , kandi ziba zishobora kumara umwaka zisoromwa inshuro ebyiri buri cyumweru . Umusaruro mwiza w' inkeri ushobora kugera kuri toni 20 kugera 25 kuri Ha .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi mu nkeri bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira :
Ibinyomoro ni igihingwa kibarirwa mu muryango w' ibisantobo kimwe n' ibirayi , inyanya , intoryi , urusenda , puwavuro ndetse n' isogo . Igiti gitangira kwera imbuto mu gihe cy' amezi 8 - 12 nyuma y' uko ugiteye mu butaka . Ibinyomoro bimara imyaka iri hagati yi 2 ni 3 byera , ariko iyo ucyitayeho neza ukagiha ifumbire n' amazi bikwiye , ndetse ntigihure n' ibibazo by' uburwayi , gishobora kugeza ku myaka 5 kigitanga umusaruro . Nyuma yo kurabya kimara ibyumweru bigera kuri 21 ( amezi 5 ) kugirango kibe cyeze neza . Ibinyomoro ni imbuto z' ingirakamaro mu kuzanira umubiri w' umuntu intungamubiri . Bikize kuri vitamini C , A , B6 , na E ndetse no ku myunyu nka Feri , karisiyumu na Potasiyumu . Ibinyomoro bifite kandi ibituma bishobora kugira uruhare mu kurwanya indwara nka kanseri n' indwara zimwe na zimwe z' umutima ; bifite kandi n' ibinyamasukari bitanga ingufu . Ibinyomoro biterwa basiga m 2 hagati y' imirongo na m 2 hagati y' igiti n' ikindi ; ni ukuvuga ibiti 2500 kuri hegitari . Ikinyomoro gifashwe neza cyera byibura kg 10 ku giti ku mwaka .
Ibinyomoro birimo amoko menshi atandukanywa , urebeye ku ibara ry' urubuto rweze , uko urubuto ruteye ndetse n' ingano yarwo . Mu Rwanda haboneka amoko y' imbuto zifite ibara ry' umutuku n' afite ibara ry' umuhondo . Ubunini bw' izo mbuto z' umutuku n' uko ziteye nabwo buratandukanye . Ku birebana n' amabara , ibinyomoro by' umuhondo ntabwo bikunzwe cyane ugereranyije n' ibitukura . Ubwoko bubiri bw' ibinyomoro : imbundi n' insongore nini nibwo bukunze guhingwa cyane mu Rwanda .
Ubutaka : Ibinyomoro byera neza mu butaka burimo ifumbire nyinshi , bufite ubutote buhagije kandi buhitisha amazi n' umwuka . Ntibyihanganira ahantu hareka amazi cyangwa humaganye . Igipimo cy' ubusharire bw' ubutaka ( pH ) kigomba kuba kiri hafi ya 6 . Ubushyuhe bw' ikirere : Ibinyomoro bikunda ubushyuhe bugereranyije buri hagati ya dogere 15 na dogere 22 ( 15 - 22oC ) . Ubutumburuke : Ibinyomoro bikunda ahantu hari ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na metero 2500 uvuye ku Nyanja . Imvura : Ibinyomoro bikunda ahantu hagwa imvura igabanyije neza mu mwaka , iri ku gipimo cya mm 1200 - 1600 ku mwaka . Iyo nta mvura iriho cyane cyane igihe cy' izuba , ni ngombwa kuvomerera . Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe amazi arenze akenewe bituma birwara indwara zo mu bwoko bw' uduhumyo ( imiyege ) . Umwuzure wangiza igihingwa cy' ibinyomoro ugatuma kidakura neza . Igihe nta mvura igwa ndetse ntibivomererewe , umusaruro uba muke n' imbuto zikaba nto cyane . Umuyaga : Ibinyomoro bikunda ahantu hatari imiyaga myinshi kuko ibivunagura . Iyo imiyaga ihaboneka bigomba gukikizwa n' inzitiro zitangira umuyaga ndetse amashami yabyo akazirikwa kugirango adahaguka .