C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Gufumbira no gukosora ubusharire bw' ubutaka mu murima w' imyumbati bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Icya mbere : Gukoresha ishwagara : Uko ishwagara ikoreshwa mu buhinzi bw' imyumbati : Ishwagara ishyirwa mubutaka bushari - ra , hakoreshwa ibiro 20 kugeza kuri 30 by' ishwagara inoze neza kuri ari imwe , ishwagara ishyirwa mumurima ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 mbere yo gutera . Icya kabiri : Gukoresha imborera : Ikoreshwa ry' ifumbire y' imborera mu myumbati : Koresha ibiro 100 kugeza kuri 200 kuri Ari 1 bingana n' udutebo 4 twuzuye ifumbire y' imborera cyangwa ingorofani 2 . Nibyiza ko yashyirwa - mo hashize ibyumweru 2 ishwagara igiyemo cyangwa mu gihe cy' itera . Yinyanyagize mu murima uhite urenzaho igitaka mu gihe usanza . Icy agatatu : Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda : Ifumbire mvaruganda mu myumbati : Koresha ibilo 3 bya NPK17 - 17 - 17 kuri ari 1 , ishyirwa muri centimetero 10 ku muzenguruko wa buri giti cy' umwumbati hagati y' ibyumweru 4 na 6 nyuma y' iteraumaze .
Gutegura imbuto y' imyumbati bikorwa bitya : Imbuto nziza ni ifashwe ku giti cy' umwumbati gikomeye , kitarwaye , kidafite udukoko cyangwa ibimenyetso byatwo . Amaso agomba kuba adakomeretse ; Imbuto igomba kuba imaze amezi 8 kugera kuri 18 itewe . Ingeri imwe igomba kugira uburerbure buri hagati ya santimentero 20 na santimentero 25 n' amaso 5 kugeza kuri 7 . Ingeri igomba kuba ifite umubyimba wa santimentero 2 .
Batera imbuto ingana ite y' imyumbati : Haterwa ingeri 100 kuri Ari imwe . Batera ingeri kuri m 1 hagati y' imirongo no kuri m 1 hagati y' ingeri n' iyindi kandi hagashyirwa ingeri imwe mu mwobo . Ushobora gutera ingeri ishinze , iberamye cyangwa irambitse mu butaka ; Umuhinzi agomba kwinjiza neza mu butaka amaso atanu y' ingeri , naho abiri agasigara hejuru y' ubutaka iyo yateye iberamye cg ishinze . Igihe cyiza cy' itera : Mu gihembwe cya mbere cy' ihinga : Nzeli - Ugushyingo ; Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy' ihinga : Gashyantare - Werurwe ; ariko umusaruro mwiza uboneka mu gihembwe cya mbere cy' ihinga kuko ibona imvura ihagije .
Gufata neza imyumbati mu mirima bigomba gukorwa neza : Dore uko bikorwa : Nyuma y' ukwezi bamaze gutera , imyumbati igomba kubagarwa buri kwezi kugeza ku mezi ane ( 4 ) , bakayisukira imaze kugira santimetero 60 z' uburebure cyangwa se igize amezi abiri ( 2 ) kugeza kuri atatu ( 3 ) , ariko basukira ku myumbati itaratewe kumabimba cyangwa mu mitabo . Bongera kubagara iyo bibaye ngombwa .
Gusimburanya imyumbati n' ibindi bihingwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Imyumbati niyo iheruka mu isimburanyabihingwa kuko inyunyuza imyunyungugu mu butaka cyane igakurikirwa no kuraza umurima aho bishoboka .
Dore ibisobanuro ku ndwara y' ububembe bw' imyumbati : Indwara y' ububembe bw' imyumbati iterwa na virusi . IBIMENYETSO BY ' INDWARA Y ' UBUBEMBE BW ' IMYUMBATI ; Iyi ndwara igitangira ikibabi kigaragaza amabara y' umuhondo avanze n' icyatsi kibisi . Uko indwara irushaho gukara amababi ata ireme akihinahina , kandi akaba matoya cyane ; Iyo indwara ikabije umwumbati ukura nabi , ukagwingira amababi ntabe akigaragara uhereye ku mutwe w' umwumbati . Iyo uteye ingeri irwaye ntabwo ishora . Iyo ifashwe yarashoye ntabwo yera neza ; umusaruro ugabanuka bitewe n' ikigero yari igezemo n' ubukana bw' indwara . Uburyo INDWARA Y ' UBUBEMBE bw' imyumbati ikwirakwira ; Gutera ingeri z' imyumbati zivuye ku giti kirwaye ; Udusazi duto tw' umweru nitwo dukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ; Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutegura imbuto no gusarura ; Uburyo bwo kwirinda ko kurwanya indwara y' ububembe bw' imyumbati ; Gutera ubwoko bw' imyumbati bwihanganira indwara y' ububembe . Gutera ingeri zitarwaye zavuye mu mirima yakurikiranywe n' inzego zibishinzwe . Gusura umurima w' imyumbati kenshi nibura rimwe mu kwezi cg mu mezi atatu , iyabembye ikarandurwa . Kurandura imyumbati yose irwaye . Gukoresha ibikoresho bitakoreshejwe mu mirima irwaye cyangwa byacishijwe ku muriro mu gihe cy' iminota 2 cyangwa byogejwe muri JIK ( mililitiro 750ml muri litiro 15 z' amazi ) .
IBIMENYETSO KABORE Y ' IMYUMBATI : Iyi ndwara igira ibimenyetso ku mababi , kuruti no kubijumba ; Ibimenyetso bya Kabore y' imyumbati ku mababi ; Amabara y' umuhondo agenda akurikiye udutsi duto ; Ibara ry' umuhondo rikwiriye ikibabi cyose hagati y' udutsi , ariko tugasigara ari icyatsi kibisi ; Amabara y' umuhondo atatanye hagati y' udutsi ; Uruhurirane rw' ibimenyetso byose byavuzwe haruguru ku kibabi kimwe ; Amababi agumana imiterere yayo ntabwo afunyarara nk' ayo ku burwayi bw' ububembe ; Ibimenyetso bya Kabore y' imyumbati ku giti ; Ku gice cy' igihimba kikiri gito , hazaho amabara ari hagati y' umukara n' ikigina ; Ku gice gikomeye hazaho ibibara by' ikigina ( amagaragamba ) Iyo indwara ifite ubukana bwinshi igiti cy' umwumbati kiruma ; Ibimenyetso bya Kabore y' imyumbati ku bijumba by' myumbati ;
Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya Kabore y' imyumbati ni ubu bukurikira : Gutera ubwoko bw' imyumbati bwihanganira indwara ya Kabore . Gutera ingeri zitarwaye zavuye mu mirima yakurikiranywe n' inzego zibishinzwe . Gusura umurima w' imyumbati kenshi nibura rimwe mu kwezi cg mu mezi atatu . Gushyiraho akato kabuza abantu kwinjiza imyumbati ivuye mu duce twagaragayemo Kabore . Gukoresha ibikoresho bitakoreshejwe mu mirima irwaye cyangwa byacishijwe ku muriro mu gihe cy' iminota 2 cyangwa byogejwe muri JIK ( mililitiro 750 muri litiro 15 z' amazi ) .
Kabore y' imyumbati ikwirakwira mu buryo bukurikira : Gutera ingeri z' imyumbati zivuye ku giti kirwaye ; Udusazi duto tw' umweru nitwo dukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ; Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu murimaurwaye bigakoreshwa no mu murima muzima bidakorewe isuku yabugenewe .
NDWARA Y ' UDUSAZI TW ' UMWERU MU MYUMBATI : Agasazi k' umweru niko gakwirakwiza indwara z' Ububembe na Kabore . Dutera amagi munsi y' ikibabi , dutungwa no kunyunyuza imyumbati . Iyo karumye umwumbati urwaye gatwara virus karuma umwumbati muzima ukaba uranduye .
Dusobanukirwe n' INDWARA Y ' AKAMATIRIZI MU MYUMBATI : Imiterere y' akamatirizi ; Ni agakoko gafite ibara rijya gusa n' iroza ritwikiriwe n' agafu k' umweru , ariko hari nudusa numukara . Gafite milimetero 23 z' uburebure ; Akamatirizi gakara cyane mu gihe cy' izuba ariko imbura iyo iguye karapfa ; Uko akamatirizi gakwirakwira : Akamatirizi gakwirakwizwa n' umuyaga no gutera ingeri zivuye mu murima urwaye . Ibimenyetso By' indwara Y ' akamatirizi Mu Myumbati ; Udusimba dukunda kwirundaniriza hamwe ku mababi akiri mato no ku mitwe yoroshye no kuruti cyane cyane mugihe cy' izuba ryinshi ; Ibiti byafashwe biba bifite amababi ameze nk' ibihuru , bigakura gahoro , ingingo zikaba ngufi kandi igiti kikagorama gihereye ahafashwe . Utumatirizi tugabanya umusarururo kugeza kuri 80 % bitewe n' ikigero imyumbati yari igezemo ifatwa ; Uburyo bwo kurwanya utumatirizi ; Guterera igihe ; Gutera ingeri zitavuye mu murima urimo icyo cyonnyi . Kwinika ingeri mu mazi ashyushye ku kigero cya dogere 60 mu gihe cy' iminota 20 .
Uburyo bwo gusarura imyumbati : Gusarura bikorwa mu buryo bubiri , gusarura imbuto no gusarura ibijumba . Kubatubuzi b' imbuto , ingeri zisarurwa hagati y' amezi 8 kugeza 18 ; Ibijumba bisarurwa hagati y' amezi 10 kugeza kuri 18 bitewe n' ubwoko wahinze . Icyitonderwa mu gusarura imyumbati : Imyumbati yagaragayeho kabore isarurwa itarengeje amezi 12 ; kandi ntisarurwaho imbuto . Mu gusarura , wirinda gukomeretsa ikijumba , Mu gusarura , ushobora kwifashisha imashini cyangwa se amaboko , ariko ukirinda kuyikomeretsa ; Uburyo bwiza bwo gukura imyumbati , byibura ugabanya igiti cy umwumbati kugeza kuri ( santimetero 30 an santimetero 50cm ) uvuye ku butaka nyuma ugashikuza buhoro buhoro kugirango hirindwe kuyikomeretsa . Mu gukoresha ibindi bikoresho nk' isuka cyangwa se umuhoro bigomba kwitonderwa cyane cyane ko aribyo byangiza umusaruro . Ni muri urworwego biba byiza gusarura imyumbati mu gihe ubutaka buhehereye ( mu gihe cy' imvura ) .
Gutunganya umusaruro w' imyumbati bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gutonora imyumbati : Hari uburyo bunyuranye bwo gutonora imyumbati , Ni byiza ko imyumbati itonorwa ikiva mu murima . Uburo bukoreshwa mu gutonora imyumbati hakoreshwa intoki hifashishwa ibyuma ndetse hari n' abateye imbere bakoresha imashini ( mu nganda zikora ifu y' imyumbati ) Kwinika imyumbati : Ni byiza kwinika imyumbati itonoye kandi bigakorwa mbere y' amasaha 24 isaruwe . Imyumbati igomba kwinikwa mu mazi meza kandi isukuye neza ikamaramo iminsi 3 . Kwinura no kwanika imyumbati : Imyumbati iyo uri kuyinura uyishyira ahantu heza , ukareka amazi agashiramo ( gukamura ) ; ukayanika mu rwanikiro . Ubwanikiro buri amako menshi , hari abanika kuri shitingi , kubigo , udatara cyangwa udutangaro , ariko habaho n' ubwanikirio bwa kijyambere ( sechoir ) . Munganda ho bafite ubuyo bumisha imyumbati bakoreshe umuriro wamashanyarazi . Iyo imyumbati rero yumye neza ishobora gukorwamo ifu cyangwa ikabikwa ari ibivunde . Guhunika imyumbati : Imyumbati yeze ishobora guhunukwa mu murima igihe kingana n' imyaka itatu ariko ibi biterwa n' ubwoko bwayo . Imyumbati yasaruwe ikinikwa ikumishwa neza ibikwa ahantu kumutse ari imivunde cyangwa ari ifu . Bitewe nikoranubuhanga rigezweho , ifu itunganijwe neza ishobora kubikwa kugera k' umwaka umwe .
Dore ingano y' inyongeramusaruro zikenewe kuri buri garama 3 y' imbuto ya puwavuro , harimo : Ifumbire y' Imboberwa : hagenewe ibiro 250 . Ifumbire ya NPK ( 17 . 17 . 17 ) : hakenerwa ibiro 4 . 7 . Ifumbire ya KCl : hakenerwa ibiro 0 . 5 . Ifumbire ya Ire : hakenerwa ibiro 1 . 3 . Ingembwe : hakenewe ingemwe 270 .
Gutegura ingemwe za puwavuro mu buhumbikiro bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ubuhumbikiro bushyirwa ahantu hatigeze hahingwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe na puwavuro ( ibirayi , inyanya , intoryi , urusenda n' ibindi ) nibura mu bihembwe by' ihinga bibiri bishize . Ubuso bw' ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba 1 % by' umurima wose uzaterwamo . Mbese metero kare imwe ku murima wa Ari imwe . Hategurwa ubuhumbikiro bufite ubugali bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri m1 . 2 n' ubujyejuru bwa cm 20 kugirango amazi abashe gusohoka mu butaka . Vanga amashyi atatu y' imborera iboze neza （ ibiro 3 kugera kuri 5 ） hejuru : amashyi atatu yuzuye ( ibilo 3 kugera ku bilo 5 ) kuri metero kare imwe , na garama 20 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 ( udufuniko 2 tw' icupa ry' amazi ) icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika . Igihe cyo kwinaza , ringaniza ubutaka , uce imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 . 5 kandi itandukanijwe na santimetero 10 kugera kuri santimetero 15 . Umurama ushyirwa muri ya mirongo yaciwe ku ntera ya santimetero 2 hagati y' imbuto ; hanyuma hakarenzwaho agataka gacye bagatsindagira gahoro .
Imirimo ikorwa mu kwita ku buhumbikiro bwa puwavuro ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye neza . Nyuma y' iminsi 7 kugeza ku minsi 10 , ingemwe ziba zimaze kumera maze isaso igakurwaho . Vomerera mu gitondo kare na nimugoroba . Ubaka igisharagati ariko usige aho imirasire y' izuba inyura haboneke urumuri ruringaniye . Bagara buri gihe ndetse wicire ingemwe mugihe zicucitse . Tera umuti urwanya indwara mu gihe aringombwa . Gabanya kuvomerera mu byumweru bibiri mbere yo kugemura .
Ingemwe za Puwavuro zigemurwa zimaze iminsi 45 kugera ku minsi 60 mu buhumbikiro ziba zifite amababi 4 kugera kuri 5 .
Dore iby' ingenzi mu gutera puwavuro : Umurima uhingwa neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 30 . Vomerera ingemwe mbere yo kuzitera uzitere mu gitondo kare ; Puwavuro ziterwa ku ntera ya santimetero 60 hagati y' imirongo na santimetero 45 mu murongo . Cukura imyobo y' ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 15 . Mumwobo umwe hajyamo ifumbire y' imborera yuzuye amashyin ' agafuniko k' icupa ry' amazi kuzuye NPK 17 - 17 - 17 . Shyira KCL agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye neza mu myobo ine ) mu gihe cyo gutera .
Imirimo y' ingenzi mu kwita kuri puwavuro ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira : bikorwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gutera . Kuvomerera : Bikorwa ukimara gutera bigakomeza igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango uburwayi butabona aho bwororokera . Kongeraho ifumbire ya Ire ingana n' agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye kadasendereye kuri buri gihingwa ku minsi 30 nyuma yo gutera . Kubagara : Bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi . Kubagara : Bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro wa puwavuro bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Puwavuro isarurwa iyo yeze neza . Bitewe n' isoko puwavuro ishobora gusarurwa ikiri mbisi cyangwa imaze guhindura ibara bitewe n' ubwoko bwayo . Puwavuro igomba gusarurwa ifite inkondo . Irinde gukomeretsa uruti rwa Puwavuro .
Ibimenyetso birananga indwara y' akaribata ( Anthracnose ) ya puwavuro ; Akaribata ni indwara yangiza cyane puwavuro yeze . Agahumyo kagira ibidomo byirabura bivamo amazi . Ibi bidomo biboneka kuri puwavuro ikiri mbisi niyeze . Aka gahumyo gakwirakwizwa n' imbuto zirwaye . Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya akaribata ( Anthracnose ) ko muri puwavuro ; Gukoresha imbuto z' indobanure zitarwaye . Kugirira isuku umurima bavanamo ibisagazwa bya puwavuro nyuma y' isarura . Gukoresha umuti nka chlorothalonil 50 % wp ( Garama 10 / L10 z' amazi . ) , cyangwa copper oxychloride 50 % wp ( Garama 37 / L15 z' amazi ) .
Indwara ya KIRABIRANYA yo muri puwavuro iterwa na bagiteri ( bacterial wilt ) . Ibimenyetso biranga kirabiranya yo muri puwavuro ; Iyi ndwara akenshi ituruka mu butaka burwaye . Irangwa n' uko igihingwa kirabirana kitahinduye ibara cyane , kiba gisa nkaho cyatemwe mu mizi cyangwa cyasutseho amazi ashyushye cyangwa se cyacishijwe ku muriro . Uruti rusohokamo umushongi w' umweru usa n' amata iyo urukase ukarushyira mu mazi . Kwirinda no kurwanya kirabiranya yo muri puwavuro ; Kubahiriza isimburanyabihingwa . Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira ubu burwayi ; Kurandura ukajugunya kure y' umurima , igihingwa cyagaragaje ibimenyetso by' ubu burwayi ibi ukabikora ukimara kubona Ibimenyetso . Nta muti uhari uvura ubu burwayi . Ni ngombwa kubwirinda .
Ibimenyesho by' indwara ya virus ya puwavuro ( Imfunyarazi , mozayike , … ) ni ibi bikurikira : kugwingira kw' igihingwa , kwikunja kw' amababi , kuma ibice by' amababi n' uruti , kubemba kw' amababi . Indwara ziterwa na virusi zikwirakwizwa muri puwavuro n' imbuto zirwaye , isazi y' umweru n' inda z' ibihingwa . Kwirinda no kurwanya Virus ya puwavuro ( Imfunyanzi , mozayike . ) Kurwanya udukoko dukwirakwiza ubu burwayi . Gutera imbuto itarwaye . Nta miti yihariye yica virus ahubwo ukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko dukwirakwiza iyi virus urugero : profenofos 40EC Roketi ( Rocket ) .
Ibimenyetso byo kubora cyangwa Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto ( Blossom end rot ) : Indiba ya puwavuro ihinduka umweru wijimye . Uko puwavuro ihisha ahafashwe hahinduka umukara cyangwa ikigina Ububore buterwa n' ibura ry' umunyungugu wa Calcium , bigaterwa cyane n' amazi make aba ari mu butaka . Azote nyinshi mu butaka ishyira igihingwa mu murongo wo kwandura iyi ndwara . Kwirinda no kurwanya Ububore bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto rwa puwavuro ( Blossom end rot ) Kuhira witoze mugihe cy' ubushyuhe humagaye cyane cyane mu cyiciro cyo kuzana urubuto . Mu gihe bigaragara ko ubutaka bwawe busharira koresha ishwagara ibiro 25 kuri Ari , yivange n' ubutaka ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera ; Gukoresha ifumbire igereranije . Gusasira ubutaka hakoreshejwe isaso nziza kugira ngo bugumane ubuhehere .
Gutegura ingemwe z' urusenda mu buhumbikiro bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Ubuhumbikiro bushyirwa ahantu hatigeze hahingwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n' urusenda ( ibirayi , inyanya , intoryi , puwavuro n' ibindi ) nibura mu bihembwe by' ihinga bibiri bishize . Ubuso bw' ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba 1 % by' umurima wose uzaterwamo . Mbese metero kare imwe ku murima wa Ari imwe . Hategurwa ubuhumbikiro bufite ubugali bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri metero 1 . 2 n' ubujyejuru bwa santimetero 20 kugirango amazi abashe gusohoka mu butaka . Vanga amashyi atatu y' imborera iboze neza ibiro 3 - 5 n' ubutaka bwo hejuru : amashyi atatu yuzuye ibiro 3 - 5 kuri metero kare imwe , na garama 20 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 udufuniko 2 tw' icupa ry' amazi icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika . Igihe cyo kwinaza , ringaniza ubutaka , uce imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 . 5 kandi itandukanijwe na santimetero 10 kugera kuri 15 . Umurama ushyirwa muri ya mirongo yaciwe ku ntera ya santimetero 2 hagati y' imbuto ; hanyuma hakarenzwaho agataka gacye bagatsindagira gahoro .
Imirimo ikorwa mu kwita ku buhumbikiro bw' urusenda ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye neza . Nyuma y' iminsi 7 kugera ku minsi 10 , ingemwe ziba zimaze kumera maze isaso igakurwaho . Vomerera mu gitondo kare na nimugoroba . Ubaka igisharagati ariko usige aho imirasire y' izuba inyura haboneke urumuri ruringaniye . Bagara buri gihe ndetse wicire ingemwe mugihe zicucitse . Tera umuti urwanya indwara mu gihe ari ngombwa . Gabanya kuvomerera mu byumweru bibiri mbere yo kugemura .
Gutera ingemwe z' urusenda bikorwa gutya : Umurima uhingwa neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa santimentero 30 . Vomerera ingemwe mbere yo kuzitera uzitere mu gitondo kare ; Urusenda ruterwa ku ntera ya santimentero 60 hagati y' imirongo na santimentero 45 mu murongo . Cukura imyobo y' ubujyakuzimu bwa santimentero 15 . Mumwobo umwe hajyamo ifumbire y' imborera yuzuye amashyin ' agafuniko k' icupa ry' amazi kuzuye NPK 17 - 17 - 17 . Shyira KCL agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye neza mu myobo ine mu gihe cyo gutera .
Imirimo y' ingenzi yo kwita ku gihingwa cy' urusenda mu murima ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira : bikorwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gutera . Kuvomerera : Bikorwa ukimara gutera bigakomeza igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango uburwayi butabona aho bwororokera . Kongeraho Ire ingana n' agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye kadasendereye kuri buri gihingwa ku minsi 30 nyuma yo gutera . Kubagara : Bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' urusenda bikora bitya : Urusenda rusarurwa iyo rweze neza . Bitewe n' isoko urusenda rushobora gusarurwa rukiri rubisi cg rumaze guhindura ibara bitewe n' ubwoko bwarwo . Urusenda rugomba gusarurwa rufite inkondo . Irinde gukomeretsa uruti rw' urusenda .
Ibimenyetso by' akaribata mu rusenda ( Anthracnose ) Akaribata ni indwara yangiza cyane urusenda rweze . Agahumyo kagira ibidomo byirabura bivamo amazi . Ibi bidomo biboneka k' urusenda rukiri rubisi n' urweze . Aka gahumyo gakwirakwizwa n' imbuto zirwaye . Kurinda no kurwanya akariba mu rusenda ( Anthracnose ) Gukoresha imbuto z' indobanure zitarwaye . kugirira isuku umurima bavanamo ibisagazwa by' urusenda nyuma y' isarura . Gukoresha ubwoko bwimbuto budafatwa n' indwara ; Gukoresha umuti nka chlorothalonil , 50 % wp cyangwa copper oxychloride 50 % wp ; Ibipimo bikoreshwa : 10g / l10 z' amazi . 37g / 15l z' amazi .
Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya mu rusenda ni ibi bikurikira : Iyi ndwara iterwa na bagiteri . Iyi ndwara akenshi ituruka mu butaka burwaye . Irangwa n' uko igihingwa kirabirana kitahinduhe ibara cyane nkaho cyatemwe mu mizi ; Uruti rusohokamo umushongi w' umweru usa n' amata iyo urukase ukarushyira mu mazi . Kurinda no kurwanya kirabiranya yo murusenda ; Kubahiriza isimburanyabihingwa . Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira ubu burwayi ; Kurandura igihingwa cyanduye ukimara kubona Ibimenyetso ; Nta muti uhari uvurara ubu burwayi . Ni ngombwa kubwirinda .
Ibimenyetso bya virusi z' urusenda ( imfunyarazi , mozayike ) ni ibi : kugwingira kw' igihinga , kwikunja kw' amababi , kuma ibice by' amababi n' uruti , kubemba kw' amababi . Indwara ziterwa na virusi zikwirakwizwa mu rusenda n' imbuto zirwaye , isazi y' umweru thrips n' inda z' ibihingwa . Kurinda no kurwanya virusi z' urusenda bikorwa bitya : Kurwanya udukoko dukwirakwiza ubu burwayi . Gutera imbuto itarwaye . Nta miti yihariye yica virus . Ahubwo ukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko nka profenofos 40EC . Ibipimo bikoreshwa ku muti wica virus z' urusenda :
Ibimenyetso by' ububobere bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto mu rusenda ( blossom end rot ) ni ibi bikurikira : Indiba y' urusenda ihinduka umweru wijimye , uko urusenda ruhisha ahafashwe hahinduka umukara cyangwa ikigina . Ububore buterwa n' ibura ry' umunyungugu wa Calcium , bigaterwa cyane n' amazi make aba ari mu butaka . Azote nyinshi mu butaka ishyira igihingwa mu murongo wo kwandura iyi indwara . Kwirinda no kurwanya y' ububobere bwo mu ndiba y' urubuto ( blossom end rot ) Kuhira witonze mu gihe cy' ubushyuhe humagaye cyane cyane mu cyiciro cyo kuzana urubuto . Gukoresha ifumbire igereranije . Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka igihe ari ngombwa . Gusasira Ubutaka kugirango bugumana ubuhehere . Mu gihe bigaragara ko ubutaka bwawe busharira koresha ishwagara ibiro 25 kuri ari yivange n' ubutaka ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera .
Inyongeramusaruro zikenewe ku guhinga ari imwe y' inyanya n' ingano yazo : K ' umurima ungana na ari imwe , hakoreshwa imbuto zingana na garama 2 , ifumbire y' imborera y' ibiro 250 , ifumbire ya NPK 17 . 17 . 17 ingana n' ibiro 3 , ifumbire ya Ire ibiro 1 . 3 kugira ngo umusaruro ube mwiza , hakaba hakenewe ingemwe zigera kuri 270 .
Gutegura ingemwe mu buhumbikiro rw' inyanya : Ubuhumbikiro bushyirwa ahantu hatigeze hahingwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n' inyanya nk' ibirayi , intoryi , urusenda , puwavuro n' ibindi nibura mu bihembwe by' ihinga bibiri bishize . Ubuso bw' ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba 1 % by' umurima wose uzaterwamo . Mbese metero kare imwe ku murima wa Ari imwe . Hategurwa ubuhumbikiro bufite ubugali bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri metero 1 . 2 n' ubujyejuru bwa santimetero 20 kugirango amazi abashe gusohoka mu butaka . Vanga amashyi atatu y' imborera iboze neza ibiro 35 n' ubutaka bwo hejuru : amashyi atatu yuzuye ibiro 3 kugera kuri 5 kuri metero kare imwe , na garama 20 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 udufuniko 2 tw' icupa ry' amazi icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika . Igihe cyo kwinaza , ringaniza ubutaka , uce imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 0 . 5 kandi itandukanijwe na santimetero 10 kugera kuri 15 . Umurama ushyirwa muri ya mirongo yaciwe ku ntera ya santimetero 2 hagati y' imbuto ; hanyuma hakarenzwaho agataka gacye bagatsindagira gahoro .
Imirimo ikorwa mu kwita ku buhumbikiro bw' inyanya ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira hakoreshejwe ibyatsi byumye neza . Nyuma y' iminsi 47 , ingemwe ziba zimaze kumera maze isaso igakurwaho . Vomerera mu gitondo kare na nimugoroba . Ubaka igisharagati ariko usige aho imirasire y' izuba inyura haboneke urumuri ruringaniye . Bagara buri gihe ndetse wicire ingemwe mugihe zicucitse . Tera umuti urwanya indwara mu gihe ari ngombwa . Gabanya kuvomerera mu byumweru bibiri mbere yo kugemura . Ingemwe zigemurwa zimaze ibyumweru 4 mu buhumbikiro amababi 34 .
Gutera ingemwe z' inyanya bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Umurima uhingwa neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 30 . Vomerera ingemwe mbere yo kuzitera uzitere mu gitondo kare ; Inyanya ziterwa ku ntera ya santimetero 60 hagati y' imirongo na santimetero 45 kugera kuri 60 mu murongo . Cukura imyobo y' ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 15 .
Imirimo y' ingenzi yo kwita ku gihingwa cy' inyanya ni iyi ikurikira : Gusasira : bikorwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gutera . Kuvomerera : Bikorwa ukimara gutera bigakomeza igihe cyose ari ngombwa . Irinde gutosa amababi kugirango uburwayi butabona aho bwororokera . Gushyiraho imfumbire mvaruganda : kuri buri rugemwe bashyiraho garama 10 ingana n' agapfundikizo kuzuye k' icupa ry' amazi za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera na garama 5 bingana n' agafuniko kuzuye kadasendereye k' icupa rya Fanta ibyumweru 6 nyuma yo gutera cyangwa kugemura . Iyi fumbire ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w' urugemwe aho iminizi igarukira . Kubagara : Bikorwa igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima ; Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi .
Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro w' inyanya bikorwa bitya : Sarura inyanya ugendeye kuzo abaguzi bifuza . Ibara inyanya zifite niryo ryerekana uko zihiye ; Sarura mugitondo cg nimugororoba kugirango uzirinde kwangizwa n' izuba ; Koresha icyuma cg umukasi ufite isuku mu kwirinda indwara . Tandukanya inyanya zihiye cyane n' izidahiye neza wirinda ko zatera izindi kubora . Koresha amakurete , amabase cyangwa ibitebo bikomeye kandi wirinde kubyuzuza cyane kugirango wirinde ko zangirika mu gihe cyo kuzikorera . Irinde gutera umuti wica udukoko ku nyanya zasaruwe .