C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Amababi y' icyayi yasoromwe agomba gufatwa neza nta kuyanyukanyuka no kuyapfunyarika mu ntoki , asoromerwa mu gitebo cyabugenewe kiba kiri mu mugongow ' umusoromyi ntatsindagirwe kuko iyo atsindagiwe cyangwa anyukanyutswe arangirika agatangira gushya . Umusoromyi yihutira gutwara icyayi ku kirogotero gifite isuku ( collection center ) aho gipimirwa uburemere ndetseiyo gisoromye nabi arongera akagitoranyamo ibisoromye nabi aribyo bita kurogota , iyo umusoromyi amaze gupimirwa icyayi yihutira kugisuka hasi akagisanza kugirango kidashyuhirana kigashya , imodoka zikihutira kuza kugipakira zikijyana ku ruganda rugitunganya . Imodoka zitwara icyayi zigomba kuba zifite isuku , zikaba zirimo ibitanda biterekwaho amakirete ( cretes ) apakiyemo icyayi kidatsindagiye gifite ubuhumekero cyangwa se zikabamo utwuma tumanikwaho imifuka ( crochets ) ipakiyemo icyayi kidatsindagiye gifite ubuhumekero . Imodoka zigomba kuza gutwara icyayi zidakerererewe , ababishinzwe bose bagomba gufatanya gupanga uko imodoka zijya gupakira byihuse , abazipakira n' abazipakurura n' aho zipakururirwa bigategurwa kugirango icyayi kidapfira mu birogotero cyangwa mu nzira cyangwa ku ruganda aho zitegerereza gupakururwa ngo icyayi gitunganywe . Imihanda ( feeder roads ) igomba kuba ikoze neza kugirango imodoka zitanainrwa kunyuramo icyayi kigakererwa kigapfa .
Indwara n' ibyonnyi bimwe na bimwe biboneka mu cyayi : Ntabwo icyayi gikunze kugira ikibazo cy' indwara n' ibyonnyi gihangayikishije ariko kandi bijya biboneka .
Indwara y' ububore ( Armillaria root rot ) mu cyayi : Iterwa n' agahumyo bita Armillaria mellea igafata mu mizi y' icyayi igatuma ibora . Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' ububore ( Armillaria root rot ) mu cyayi ; Kugwingira mu mikurire , guhinduka umuhondo kwa ' amababi , kurabya imburagihe , guhunduka kw' amababi , guturika k' uruti mu ntangiriro yarwo , uruhumbu rwera hagati mu busate n' imbere mu ruhu . Kurwanya indwara y' ububore ( Armillaria root rot ) mu cyayi ; Kurandura no gutwika icyai kigifatwa n' iyo ndwara , kwirinda gutera ibiti bishora imizi cyane aho ikunze kuboneka . Icyitonderwa ; Iyo ibishyitsi by' amashyamba cyangwa ibyo ku mirwanyasuri bisigaye mu murima bitaranduwe , bituma kenshi na kenshi idwara ikura igafata icyayi . Iyo indwara iboneka cyane mu butaka buremereye kandi buhehereye .
Indwara y' ibidomo by' ibijuju mu cyayi : Ikiyitera : Pestalotia theae ; Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' ibidomo by' ibijuju mu cyayi ; Ibizinga bya “ grey ” ku mababi akuze ; Utudomo tw' umukara muri ibyo bizinga ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw' ikibabi ; Kwirinda indwara y' ibidomo by' ibijuju ; Kudakora igicucu gikabije mu ma pepiniyeri ; Kutarenza amababi akenewe mu gihe cyo kuvomerera imbuto muri pepiniyeri ; Gutera ifumbire uko bigomba ; Kuvura indwara y' ibidomo by' ibijuju ; Kugabanya igicucu ; Kugabanya kuvomerera ; Imiti ikoreshwa : Dithane M45 garama 4 - 5 / litiro 1 y' amazi ) , copper oxychloride garama 7 litiro ime y' amazi , Benlate garama 1 muri litiro imwe y' amazi .
Inda z' icyayi : Red spide mite ( Oligonichus coffea ) : Ni agakoko gato iyo gakuze kagira ibara ritukura . Ibyana n' udukuru bitungwa no konona icyayi dushinga umugobora watwo ku mababi ku gipande cyo munsi kandi iyo tumaze gukura tunyunyuza amazi bityo amababi yafashwe ahinduka ikigina kijya gutukura . Uko kuma bikabora bituma amababi ashobora kuma no guhunguka . Ubwone bukunze kugaragara ku biti bimwe na bimwe mu mirima kandi bigakura cyane cyane mu gihe cy' impeshyi . Kurwanya utwo dutagangurirwa Red spide mite ( Oligonichus coffea ) Iyo bidakabije , imvura irabivura ; Gutera Abamectin 1 . 8 EC , Pyrethrum 5EW , Azadirachtin Indica ; Icyitonderwa : Iyo mu kurwanya utwo dutagangurirwa hakoreshejwe umuti , icyayi gisoromwa nyuma y' iminsi 15 .
Inda z' icyayi : Red crevice mite ni udukoko duto dufite Ibara ry' Umutuku ; Ibimenyetso bya Red crevice mite ( Brevipalpus phoenicis ) Amababi ahinduka ikigina ku ruhande rwayo rwo hasi Uko kiyongera amababi arahunguka ; Kurwanya Red crevice mite ( Brevipalpus phoenicis ) Gukata no gukura mu mirima ibiti birwaye ; Gutera umuti wabugenewe ; Gutera Abamectin 1 . 8 EC , Pyrethrum 5EW , Azadirachtin Indica ;
Ibimenyetso by' imbaragasa z' icyayi ( aphids ) Imbaragasa nyinshi ziboneka mu mashami mato agishibuka munsi y' ikibabi . Amababi yafashwe arizingazinga byatinda agahinduka umukara . Kurwanya imbaragasa z' icyayi ( aphids ) Gusoroma kenshi cg gusoromera hasi ( hard plucking ) Gutera umuti uturuka muri Pyrethrin kuko udasaba gutegereza igihe kinini mbere yo kongera gusarura .
Indwara ya Hypoxylon wood rot mu cyayi : Iterwa n' agahumyo bita Hypoxylon serpens ; Ibimenyetso bya Hypoxylon wood rot ; Kugabanuka kw' amashami ashibuka nyuma yo gukata , ibidomo by' umukara ku mashami yaboze / yapfuye / yumye . Kurwanya Hypoxylon wood rot ; Kurinda ko izuba rirasa ku nkovu z' igiti igihe cy' ikata , gukata neza ku buryo amazi y' imvura atemba ku nkovu , kwirinda gukatira icyayi ku burebure bwo hasi , gukoresha ibikoresho byabugenewe mu gihe cyo gukata , kurenza amashami ku biti byakaswe mu gihe cy' izuba .
Ibimenyetso by' igishorobwa ( cockhafer grub ) cy' igihingwa cy' icyayi ; Amababi ahinduka umuhondo ; Igiti cy' icyayi kiruma kigapfa ; Iyo uranduye igiti kirwaye usanga imizi mito ( feeder roots ) yarariwe . Kurwanya igishorobwa ( cockhafer grub ) cy' icyayi ; Kubitoragura ariko ibyavuyemo bigatikirwa kure y' umurima . Mu gihe cyo guhinga kureba ko nta bishorobwa bito birimo bigakurwamo . Gutera icyayi gikuze neza kandi kigahabwa ibikenewe byose ( GAP ) .
Inyungu zo kubangurira Inka hakoreshejwe intanga ni izi zikurikira : Kubangurira inka hakoreshejwe intanga nibwo buryo bwizewe bwo kuvugurura icyororo bwongera umusaruro . Biroroshye kubona no gukoresha intanga z' imfizi nziza aho yaba iherereye hose kuko gutwara intanga biroroha kandi birahenduka ugereranije n' Imfizi . Imfizi zitanga intanga zitoranywa hagendewe ku makuru yanditse y' ubwiza bwazo , ubw' izazibyaye , izo byavukanye , ndetse n' izazikomotseho cyangwa hapinywe uturemangingo ( ADN ) twazo kuburyo umusaruro zizatanga uba wizewe . Gukoresha intanga bituma inka zitarwara indwara z' imyororokere , Urugero : Kwirinda Amakore . Mu kubangurira hakoreshejwe intanga , birashoboka gukoresha intanga zibyara Inyana gusa . Gukoresha intanga birahenduka kuko gutunga imfizi birahenda cyane . Gukoresha intanga birinda impanuka nyinshi zikunze kubaho mu gukoresha no gutunga imfizi .
Uko serivisi yo gutera intanga mu Inka iboneka : Umworozi ushaka kubangurira inka akoresheje intanga , ashobora kubona iyi serivisi abajije Umukozi ushinzwe ubworozi ku Murenge . Hari n' abatekinisiye bigenda mu Mirenge bahuguriwe gutera intanga . Ni ngombwa ko Umworozi abika numero y' Umukozi ushinzwe ubworozi mu Murenge cg Umutekinisiye utera intanga kugirango ajye amugisha inama .
Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza inka yarinze :
Igihe uhamagara ushinzwe gutera intanga : Nkuko ubushakashatsi bwabyerekanye , iyo ibimenyetso byambere by' inka yarinze , byagaragaye , interwa intanga nyuma y' amasaha 12 . Inka yarinze mu gitondo kare iterwa intanga nyuma ya saa sita . Inka yatangiye kurinda nimugoroba iterwa intanga mu gitondo . Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiranira hafi inka yawe , ukagenzura buri gihe ko igaragaza kimwe mubimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru , hanyuma ukihutira guhamagara utera intanga kandi ukamuha amakuru yose , ugasubiza uvugisha ukuri ibibazo utera intanga akubaza . Kunyuranya nibivugwa muri iki gika , bishobora gutuma inka yawe irinduka , yaterwa intanga ntifate . Iyo inka yatewe intanga itafashe yongera kugaragaza ibimenyetso by' inka yarinze hagati y' iminsi 19 na 21 .
Ubwoko bw' intanga ziri mu Rwanda : Hagendewe ku ntego y' umusaruro ukenewe , habaho inka zororerwa gutanga amata n' izororerwa gutanga inyama . Ubwoko bw' intanga ziboneka : Ubworozi butanga amata : Frisone ; Jersey ; Brown Suisse ; Fleckvieh ; Ubworozi butanga inyama :
Amoko y' inka zitanga amata ni :
Ubwoko bw' inka butanga inyama ni :
Kubika amakuru ajyanye no gutera intanga mu nka : Bika certificat yawe Umutekinisiye utera intanga agusigiye , kuko ubutaha izamufasha kubona andi makuru atuma arushaho kuguha service nziza . Uzibuke kandi kumumenyesha ko wavukishije kugirango aze kubarura no kwambika iherena inyana yawe .
Ikiraro cy' inka : Ikiraro gituma umworozi yongera umusaruro ukomoka ku matungo nk' amata , inyama , ifumbire n' imirimo . Gukingira amatungo ibihe bibi biturutse ku kirere nk' ubushyuhe , izuba n' ibindi ; Gucunga neza amatungo , kuyagaburira neza no kwita ku buvuzi bwayo ; Koroshya uburyo bwo gufata umusaroro w' ubworozi bw' inka : Amata n' ifumbire ; Kongera umusaruro uyaturukaho , gutanga ifumbire no kugabanya abakozi .
Ingano y' ikiraro cy' inka : Kuri buri nka , hagomba umwanya wa metero 1 , 50 z' ubutambike , naho ubuhagarike bukangana n' uko inka ireshya , kuva ku mazuru kugera ku matako wongeraho santimetero 10 ari byo bingana na metero 2 kugera kuri 2 . 50 . Ikiraro bororeramo kigomba kuba gisakaye , kandi gifite icyarire . iyo kitubakiye mu mpande , inka barazizirika . Ikimopoteri ( ingarani ) kiba kigizwe n' icyobo cy' ubugari bwa metero 2 , 5 uburebure bukangana na metero 2 ku nka ebyiri . Ubujyakuzimu buba bufite m 1 , ibitaka bijugunywe iruhande bikora akantu k' agakingo . Inyuma haba hacuramye buhoro .
Kororoka kw' inka : Bitewe n' uko ari ubworozi busanzwe cyangwa ubwa kijyambere inka zima zigahita zifata ni 50 % kugeza kuri 80 % . inka yima ubwa mbere imaze amezi 24 ivutse iyo yorowe kijyambere cyangwa 36 iyo yorowe bisanzwe bya gihanga . Imfizi imwe iba ihagije kwimya inka 50 . Hagati y' imbyaro 2 , haca amezi 12 kugeza kuri 21 bitewe n' uko inka yorowe . Inka ivanwa mu bworozi imaze imyaka 10 - 13 . Inka ihaka amezi 9 , bahagarika kuyikama ishigaje amezi 2 ngo ibyare . Gutera intanga ni byiza kurusha kubangurira ku mfizi ; mu moko y' inka zo mu mahanga dufite iwacu kandi dushobora kubangurira n' ubwoko bwacu bw' Ankole kugira ngo haboneke ibyimanyi byiza , twavuga nka Jersey . Brun - suisse , Sahiwal , Frisonne n' izindi .
uko uburiro bw' inka bugomba kungana , Ingano y' uburiro bw' inkaubugari bwa santimetero 60 - 80 ; ubutambike bungana n' ubw' ikiraro ; uburebure imbere santimetero10 - 40 ; uburebure kuva hasi kugera aho zirira :
Igaburo ry' inka : Inka zirya ibyatsi byo ku gasozi , ibyahingiwe amatungo , ibisigazwa bituruka ku musaruro w' ubuhinzi , cyangwa ibyo mu nganda ; Mu byatsi bihingirwa inka twavuga “ Tiribusakumu , setariya , urubingo , desimodiyumu , luzerine , Kariyandara , kororisi gayana , n' ibindi ” . Inka yororerwa mu kiraro isaba guhingirwa ari 30 - 40 z' ubwatsi ku mwaka . Hakurikijwe ko bwahinzwe mu kibaya cyangwa kugasozi . Nibyiza komu igaburo ry' inka haba harimo imvange y' ibinyampeke n' ibinyamisogwe . Iyo bafumbira umurima w' ubwatsi bw' amatungo bashyiramo toni 10 z' ifumbire yo mu ngarani n' ibiro 300 by' ifumbire mvaruganda kuri hegitari imwe . Kugira ngo baziteganyirize ibihe bibi , inka bazibikira ubwatsi bwumye ( foin ) cyangwa ubwahunitswe mu butaka ( ensilage ) . Inka zikamwa n' izihaka hejuru y' amezi arindwi , ni byiza kongera ku igaburo ryazo risanzwe ibiryo mvaruganda . Iyo umukamo uri hejuru ya litiro 6 , bayiha amagarama 500 cyabyo kuri buri litiro yiyongeraho . Buri nka igomba guhabwa igaburo yihariye cyangwa rusange .
Kugaburira inka : Aho inka zirira hagomba kuba hubatse ku buryo ibiryo byazo bidatakara zirimo kurya , kandi umuntu akaba yahasubiramo bitamugoye iyo bibaye ngombwa . Mu biraro bisanzwe by' abahinzi - borozi , uburiro bushobora gukorwa mu mbaho cyangwa ibiti .
1 . Inka ya Sahiwal / Sayiwale ; Umukamo litiro : 2300 ; Igihe imara ikamwa iminsi : 359 ; Umusaruro iyo ibazwe : 50 % 2 . Inka ya Jersey / Jerise ; Umukamo litiro : 2500 ; Igihe imara ikamwa iminsi : 330 ; musaruro iyo ibazwe : 45 % 3 . Inka ya Brun Suisse ; Umukamo litiro : 4000 ; Igihe imara ikamwa ( iminsi ) : 330 ; Umusaruro iyo ibazwe : 50 % 4 . Inka ya Firizone Holstein ; Umukamo litiro : 5000 ; Igihe imara ikamwa iminsi : 305 ; Umusaruro iyo ibazwe : 50 % 5 . Jersey Sahiwal Ankol ; Umukamo litiro : 3 757 ; Igihe imara ikamwa iminsi : 333 ; Umusaruro iyo ibazwe :
Indwara z' Inka n' uburyo bwo kuzirwanya : Indwara zikunze kuboneka cyane ni inzoka zo mu nda , iziterwa n' uburondwe nk' ikibagarira n' amashuya , naho indwara zandurwa twavuga ruhaha , uburenge , ubutaka , amakore , igituntu , kurwara amafumbi y' icebe . Icyitonderwa : Mu bikorwa kugira ngo barengere ubuzima bw' inka hari ukuzikingira ubutaka ni igifuruto buri mwaka , kuzuhagiza umuti wica uburondwe byibura rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru , no kuziha imiti y' inzoka kabiri mu mwaka . Inka nkuru buri amezi 6 mu giye inyana ifata umuti w' inzoka buri amezi 3 .
Indwara y' inzoka mu nka ireagwa n' ibi bikurikira :
Indwara y' Ikibagarira mu nka : Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa : Inyana , inka nkuru ; bimenyetso by' indwara y' Ikibagarira ( igikira ) mu nka :
Indwara y' Amashuya cyangwa Inkurikizi mu nka :
Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa n' Indwara y' Umwumira :
Indwara y' Uburenge mu nka :
Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa Indwara y' Ubutaka : Inyana , inka nkuru ; Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' Ubutaka ( Anthrax ) mu nka ; Izafashwe akenshi zipfa ako kanya nta bimenyetso by' indwara byigaragaje ; Kugira umurimo mwinshi dogere 40 na 41°C , guhinda umushyitsi , kutarisha , umutima utera cyane , ingorane mu guhume - ka , inyama zisa n' izababutse , guhitwa amaraso , kuganga amaraso ;
Indwara y' Ubutaka bubyimbisha inka Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa : Inyana , inka nkuru ; Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' Ubutaka bubyimbisha ( BQ ) mu nka :
Indwara y' Amakore mu nka ; Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa :
Indwara y' igituntu mu nka : Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa : inka nkuru ; Ibimenyetso by' indwara y' Igituntu mu nka ; Kugira umuriro rimwe na rimwe , kunanuka bikabije , gukorora cyane , guhumeka nabi , kubyimba inturugunyu zo ku bihaha , kugira utubyimba turimo amashyira mu icebe , no mu mura , amata ajya gusa n' icyatsi kibisi kivanze n' umuhondo ; Uko barwanya indwara y' Igituntu mu nka ;
Indwara y' Ifumbi y' icebe mu nka : Ikigero cy' inka zifatwa n' ifumbi y' icebe :
Indwara ya Babeziyoze mu nka :
Imiterere y' ingurube : Ingurube irya ibiryo bike ariko ikiyongera ibiro byinshi kandi vuba kurusha ayandi matungo ; Ingurube irya byose uyihaye : ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni , ibiryo bikomoka ku bikatsi , ibituruka ku mavuta , ku miceri , ku ma - sukari , ku bworozi bw' amafi kandi bikayigirira akamaro . Ibyo bishobora kuzuzwa n' inyama , ubwatsi , ibinyampeke , n' imbuto . Ingurube itanga ifumbire ikoreshwa mu mirima kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere . Icyitonderwa : Ariko umworozi agomba kumenya ko ingurube itagomba gutungwa n' umwanda uko abenshi babyibeshyaho ; Ingurube itunzwe no kurya imyanda no kuyibamo iba irwaye inzoka nyinshi n' utundi dukoko ku mubiri wayo bityo bigatuma inenwa , ntitange umusaruro ugaragara kandi ishobora kwanduza abantu indwara .
Ibitera ibihombo bigaragara mu micungire y' ubworozi bw' ingurube ni ibi bikurikira : Icyororo kibi gitera igihombo ; Imicungire mibi y' icyororo itera ibihombo ; Igaburo n' ibiryo bidakwiye nabyo biri mu mpamvu zitera umusaruro muke mu bworozi : Ikiraro cyangwa ibiraro bibi nabyo bifite ingaruka mu kugabanya umusaruro ukomoka ku bworozi bw' ingurube : Indwara ziri mu mpamvu ya mbere ziteza ibihombo mu bworozi , iyo zidakumiriwe cyangwa umworozi azirinde amatungo ye :
Kugira ngo ubworozi burusheho kugenda neza , bunatanga n' inyungu : Umworozi agomba kumenya guhitamo icyororo cyiza , akagicunga neza , akagaburira neza amatungo ye , akayitaho akayarinda indwara . Kandi ayo matungo agomba kuba mu kiraro cyubatse uko bikwiye kandi gifite isuku .
amoko y' ingurube yororerwa mu rwanda : Amoko ya kizungu atatu y' ingurube yorererwa mu Rwanda atanga umusaruro ugaragara iyo umworozi agabuye neza ni Pietrain , Landrace na Large white . Pietrain : Niyo ngurube igira inyama nyinshi , ibinure bike kurusha ayandi moko ariko inyama zayo zikaba ngufi cyane cyane ku matako . Inenge ya Pietrain nuko ikunze kugira ikibazo cyo guhungabana vuba kandi ntishoboye kurwanya indwara cyane , bityo biba byiza kuyivanga na Landrace . Landrace : Ni iya kabiri mu kugira inyama nyinshi . Inyama zayo ni ndende zikunzwe n' abaguzi . N ' imbyeyi nziza , ibyara byinshi kandi igacutsa byinshi kurusha Pietrain . Ishoboye kurwanya indwara kurusha pietrain iyo icunzwe neza . Itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza iyo ivanzwe na Pietrain . Large white : Itanga umusaruro muke w' inyama ugerenyanyije nayo mako yavuzwe haruguru kubera igira ibinure byinshi kurusha inyama . Gusa n' imbyeyi nziza kuzirusha zose ; n' iya mbere mu kurwanya indwara n' ihungabana . Inyama zayo ziraryoha kurusha izindi kubera ibinure igira . Ikunze kuvangwa na Landrace kugira ngo igire umusaruro bwiza . Bityo umworozi ukeneye umusaruro uhagije mu bworozi bwe yorora ibyimanyi by' ayo moko uko ari atatu cyangwa ibyimanyi bya Pietrain na Landrace .
Icyo umworozi w' ingurube yibandaho ahitamo icyororo : a . Uburumbuke : UBurangwa na : Umubare w' amabere w' inyagazi ugaragaza abana yagira ubushobozi bwo gucutsa ; Umubare y' ibibwana bivuka kuri buri rubyaro ; Umubare w' abana bacuka kuri buri rubyaro . Imikurire : Igaragazwa n' uburyo ibibwana byiyongera ibiro kuva bivutse . Ibibwana bipimwa ubwa mbere bifite ukwezi kumwe , hanyuma buri kwezi kugeza amezi arindwi . Ibiro byiyongera bigabanwa hagati y' iminsi yaciyemo . Ayo magarama iyo ari hejuru niho ingurube iba yunguka vuba inyama zikenerwa .
Ugendeye ku mezi ingurube ifite , dore ibiro ikwiye kuba ipima : Ukwezi 1 : ibiro gahati ya 15 na18 ; Amezi 2 : ibiro gahati ya 23 na 28 ; Amezi 3 : ibiro gahati ya 30 na 35 ; Amezi 4 : ibiro gahati ya 45 na 50 ; Amezi 5 : ibiro gahati ya 60 na 70 ; Amezi 6 : ibiro gahati ya 75 na 90 ; Amezi 7 : ibiro gahati ya 95 na 110 ; Iyo ubworozi bugaragaza ibiro biri munsi y' ibyo , nyirabwo agomba gutangira gushakisha aho impamvu zibitera zituruka ( ubwoko , imirire , imicungire , ubushyuhe , indwara … ) .
Ubwoko bw' inka butanga inyama mu Rwanda ni ubu bukurikira : Boran ; Boran imenyereye imibereho yo mu Rwanda mu nka zirahari . Yihanganira indwara z' ahantu hashyuha ; Ikura vuba ; Iboneka Kenya , Tanzania ; Brahman ; yihanganira ubushyuhe , isazi n' utundi dukoko kubera uruhu rwayo rufite umubyimba munini . Zishoboye imibereho yo mu Rwanda ; Zaboneka Afrika yepfo ; Simental ; Ubwoko butanga inyama n' amata afasha inyana n' ibimasa gukura neza kandi vuba ; Ubwoko bukomoka mu Ubusuwisi ariko bwabanguriwe ku yandi moko atandukanye hashakishwa andi moko ( flexvieh ) Ubu bwoko buba no mu Rwanda bushoboye imibereho yaho ; Bukomoka mu Uburayi na Africa yepfo ; Sahiwal ;
Uburyo bwo kurwanya inzoka zo mu ngurube ni ubu bukurikira : Inyagazi : Iminsi 15 mbere yuko inyagazi zibyara , kuziha umuti bwa mbere , Umunsi ukurikiraho , gukuramo amabyi , koza aho ziri ; Iminsi 3 mbere yuko zibyara , kuziha umuti w' izoka ubwa kabiri ; Umunsi umwe mbere yuko zibyara , koza neza inyagazi no gusukura inzu . Abana b' ingurube : Iyo ibyo bakorerea inyagazi byakurikijwe neza , nta muti w' inzoka abana bakenera mbere yuko bacuka ; Ingurube zibyibushywa : Iminsi 2 cyangwa nyuma yo gucuka , kuziha kuziha umuti w' inzoka bwa mbere . Gusukura nyuma y' iminsi 2 ; Nyuma y' iminsi 14 , kuziha umuti w' inzoka ubwa kabiri ; Gusukura .
Rouget n' indwara iterwa na bacterie yitwa Erisipelotrix Insidiosa . N ' indwara ifata andi matungo ndetse n' umuntu ariko icyo gihe ubukana bukaba bworoheje . Mikorobi yiyo ndwara iboneka mu butaka , ahantu hahehereye , mu mazi , mu biribwa . Umuntu arazigendana mu nkweto , muri bote azivanye mu biraro byanduye ; iyo ndwara ishobora kuguma mu ngurube yatabwe mu gihe cy' amezi cyenda yose . Mikorobi erizipelotrix iranakwirakwizwa n' udukoko tunyunyuza amaraso y' ingurube tubarirwa mu bwoko bw' iburondwe , bwitwa “ argazide ” . Iyo mikorobi ndetse iba no mu ngururube ubwayo itagaragaza ibimenyetso by' uburwayi . Ariko iyo ndwara ikunze gufata ingurube ziri hejuru y' amezi 3 . Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara iyo ingurube yacice intege cyangwa ihungabanijwe n' impamvu zitandukanye zikurikira : Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mpeshi ; Indyo mbi ; Urugendo , gukingirwa , … .
Ibipimo by' ibiryo bitangwa mu ngero z' amafufu : IBIRO BY ' INGURUBE URUGERO KU MUNSI UGENDEYE KUKIGERO IGEZEMO : Ibibwana bikiri bito bifite ibiro 20 mu rugero : ikiro kimwe cy' ibiryo ku munsi mugihe cy' amezi 2 , 5 ; Ibibwana bicutse bifite ibiro 30kg mu rugero : ibiro 1 , 4 by' ibiryo ku munsi mu gihe cy' amezi 3 , 5 ; Ingurube zipima ibiro 40 mu rugro : ibiro 1 , 8 by' ibiryo ku munsi mu gihe cy' amezi 4 ; Ingurube zipima ibiro 50 mu rugero : ibiro 2 , 2 by' ibiryo ku munsi mu gihe cy' amezi 4 , 5 ; Ingurube zose zifite ibiro hejuru ya 60 : ibiro 2 , 5 by' ibiryo ku munsi mugihe cy' amezi 5 . Indyo igaburwa kabiri ku munsi ; bitarenze saa tatu hatangwa igice cya mbere , igice cya kabiri gitangwa saa cyenda , bitarenga saa kumi .
Ibiraro by' ingurube bigomba kugira umwanya wo kwinyagamburiramo , umwuka mwiza , isuku . Pavement igomba kuba igizwe na beton ikomeye , hagatunganwa na rigole ziganisha amaganga ahabigenewe . Ibimoteli bigomba gusakarwa kimwe n' ahajya amaganga . Ikiraro cy' ingurube ibyariramo kugeza icukije , hagomba guteganywa ikibambasi cyangwa ibiti . Ikiraro gishobora kubakwa n' ibiti mu mwanya w' amatafali ahiye cyangwa wa bloc ciment . Hasi , ni ngombwa ko hakoreshwa beto ikomeye , kandi y' igiheri ku buryo hasi hatanyerera . Ikiraro kigomba kugira ubuhaname butuma amaganga asohoka , ye kureka aho ingurube ziryama .
Amacugane , n' imwe mu nzitizi zisubiza ubworozi inyuma . Umworozi agomba kumenya koni bibi cyane kwimisha ingurube zifitanye isano kugeza kugisekuruza cya gatanu aribwo buvivi . Ibi birinda ubworozi gucika . Kimwe mu bifasha kurinda amacugane ni ugutera intanga hakureshejwe intanga ziteguriweho ( fresh semen ) no kugenzura icyororo hakorwa imyandiko z' ubworozi . Aho bidashoboka ugomba kwitondera uburyo wateguyemo imfizi n' uburyo uzisumbuza .
Amata cyangwa ibisigara nyuma yuko uruganda rwarangije gutegura no kubika imbuto cyangwa amata byagenewe abantu . Ibyo bisigazwa , kimwe n' ibyo muri resitora , ntibigomba kubikwa igihe kirekire ngo bigere aho bigaga . Iminsi ntarengwa yakagombye kuba ni 3 . Ibintu byose bitaribwa bigomba gutoranywamo bikajugunywa .
Ibikorerwa inyagazi igiye kubyara n' ibibwana bivutse kugeza ku bicutse : Ishigaje iminsi cumi n' itanu ngo ibyare : Kuyuhagira umubiri wose noku mabere hakoreshejwe icyangwe cyangwa ikiroso cyoroshye n' isabune ; Guhabwa umuti uvura inzoka Albendazole cyangwa Ivermectine hakurikijwe ibipimo . Hasigaye iminsi 3 ngo ibyare , iterwa umuti wa vitamini na Penicilini . Kwimurirwa mu kiraro cyabanje gukorerwa isuku kandi cyatewemo umuti wica udukoko nkuko byavuzwe haruguru . Bidashobotse iguma mu kiraro cyayo ariko cyabanje gukorerwa isuku , cyaratewemo umuti wica udukoko iminsi 3 mbere . Hasigaye umunsi umwe ngo ibyare : Yongere kuhagirwa neza , hagashyirwa mu kiraro cyayo isaso isukuye kandi yumutse . Ntihabwa ibiryo , ariko igahabwa amazi yo kunywa ahagije . Mu gihe iri kubyara : Umworozi agomba kuyiba hafi ngo ayifashe iyo bibaye ngombwa , afashe n' abana bavuka kutaryamirwa na nyina no konka ku bifite intege nke . Imaze kubyara : Umunsi wa mbere ihabwa ibiryo bike , ikiro kimwe , nyuma igipimo kigenda kiyongerwa mu mbehe buhoro buhoro ku buryo nyuma y' iminsi irindwi iba irya ibiryo byikubyemo inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu kubyo yari isanzwe irya hashingiye ahanini ku mubare w' abana yonsa . Icyo gipimo gikomeza kugeza igihe icukije . Guhoza amazi mu mbehe . Ibibwana bigomba kurindwa kuryamirwa na nyina , hakoreshejwe kuziba hafi no kuzifasha kumenyera kwihisha mu kazu kazo ; Ibibwana bigomba kurindwa imbeho hakoresheje isaso ryumutse cyangwa ibikarito aho bishobora kuba byikinga imbeho . Ibibwana biterwa intrafer inshuro imwe gusa ku munsi wa gatatu bivutse cyangwa bihabwa itaka ry' inombe ibumba kuva ku munsi wa munani kandi mu gihe cy' icyumweru kimwe . Ku babishoboye , habaho guca imirizo no guca amenyo . Ibibwana bigejeje amezi abiri , biterwa umuti uvura inzoka , bikaguma mukiraro . Nyina niyo yimurirwa mu kindi kiraro kugira ngo itegurwe kwima .
Urugero rw' indyo y' ingurube zonsa , ku gipimo cy' ibiro 100 , hajyamo ibi bikurikira : Ibigori biheze : ibiro 28 ; Igiheri ( son ) cy' ingano I : ibiro 35 ; Igiheri ( son ) cy' ingano II : ibiro 22 ; Soya ikaranze : ibiro 14 ; Ishwagara : ibiro 0 . 5 ; Premix :