C4IR-RW/kinya-ag-retrieval huggingface dataset:
Udutagangurirwa dushobora gukwirakwira mu giti cyangwa mu biti byinshi binyuze mu nzira nyinshi . Utwinshi dushobora kugendagenda dutembera mu mashami . Dushobora kandi gutwarwa n' umuyaga , imvura , inyoni , utundi dusimba , abantu cyangwa ibikoresho . Ingemwe zo mubuhumbikiro zishobora kwanduzwa no gukoresha imibangurizo ( scions ) zifite utu dusimba .  Uko twangiza ; Udutagangurirwa twangiza indabo ; kandi twigaburira twangiza imbuto tugatera imbuto gusa n' ikijuju zikaba nk' izikomeye ndetse n' amababi akagwa .  Kutwirinda no kuturwanya ; Udutagangurirwa twinshi tw' ibinyamacunga ntabwo dupfa kuboneshwa amaso . Igihe ibimenyetso byinshi byatwo byamaze kugaragara , gutera umuti biba byakererewe . Ni byiza kugenzura buri gihe ko udutagangurirwa twageze mumurima tutarangiza cyane . Mu kugenzura , ufata urupapuro rwera ukarushyira munsi y' amababi ukazunguza amababi ; iyo udutagangurirwa ( udukoko duto tw' ibara ritukura ) duhari utubona ku rupapuro tugenda . Ikindi kandi , aho utu dusimba turi uhasanga imitego nk' iyibitagangurirwa bisanzwe . Gutera umuti igihe harimo udutagangurirwa duke cyane singombwa kuko biba byongera igishoro kandi inshuti z' abahinzi nazo ziba zashobora kurwanya utwo dutagangurirwa . Igihe ibiti bimwe cyangwa imirongo y' ibiti ariyo igaragaza uburwayi gusa , gutera imiti bikorwa gusa kuri ibyo biti . Igihe gutera umuti ari ngombwa , hakoreshwa Abamectine - [ Dudu acelamectin , Romectine ] .
Amashu , borocoli na shufurere ni ibihingwa bibarizwa mu muryango umwe witwa Brassicaceae . Ibi bihingwa bikungahaye kuri Vitamine ( C , K , B6 ) , n' imyunyungugu nka potasiyumu , manganeze , manyeziyumu , fosifore n' ubutare bifasha uziriye kwirinda indwara zitandukanye . Ibi bihingwa kandi ni ingirakamaro ku muhinzi kuko abigurisha akabona amafaranga yamufasha gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye .
● Amashu , borocoli na shufurere byera neza ahantu hadashyuha cyane ( dogere 15 - 21 ) kandi byihanganira ubukonje . ● Byera neza mu butaka bw' umucanga n' inombe cyangwa inombe n' ibumba bufumbiye neza kandi buseseka , bufite igipimo cy' ubusharire ( pH ) kiri hagati 5 . 5 na 6 . 8 . ● Mu Rwanda bihingwa cyane cyane mu majyaruguru ariko no mu bindi bice by' igihugu birahaboneka .
Mu bwoko bw' amashu ni : Copenhagen : Yera mu minsi 65 - 70 , igapima hagati ya kg 2 - 2 . 5 . Pruktor F1 : Yera mu minsi 80 , igapima kg 5 - 6 . Baraka F1 : Yera mu minsi 75 , igapima kg 4 - 6 . Gloria F1 : Yera mu minsi 90 , igapima kg 3 - 5 . Red Dynasty : Yera mu minsi 80 , igapima kg 3 - 5 . Ubwoko bwa Shufurere ni : Casper RZ F1 ; Ubwoko bwa Borocoli ni :
● Gura umurama ahantu hizewe hagurirwa inyongeramusaruro kandi mbere yo kugura reba igihe ubushobozi bwo kumera buzarangirira . ● Ingano y' umurama ( umwayi ) ukenewe kuri ari imwe y' umurima ni garama 2 ku mashu , borocoli na shufurere bya iburide ( amoko abanguriye ) na garama 3 ku bitari iburide ( amoko atabanguriye ) .
Gutegura ubuhumbikiro no kwinaza Amashu , borocoli na shufurere bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : ● Hitamo aho gushyira ubuhumbikiro hadaheruka guhingwamo ibihingwa byo mu muryango w' amashu , borocoli na shufurere ( urugero : Shudeburuseli , Sukumawiki , Leti na Radishi ) nibura mu bihembwe by' ihinga bibiri biheruka . ● Hinga umurima neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20 - 30 kandi ibyatsi bibi n' ibindi bisigazwa byose ubikuremo , ndetse n' ibinonko ubimenagure . ● Kora imitabo ifite ubujyejuru bwa cm 20 , n' ubugali bwa m 1 - 1 . 2 . Kugirango hazaterwe umurima wa ari imwe , hakenerwa metero kare imwe y' ubuhumbikiro ku moko abanguriye ( iburide ) na metero kare imwe n' igice y' ubuhumbikiro ku moko atabanguriye . ● Icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika , vangira kuri metero kare imwe ibiro 3 - 5 ( amashyi atatu ) by' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza n' itaka na NPK 17 - 17 - 17 garama 20 ( udufuniko 2 tw' agacupa k' amazi y' Inyange ) . ● Ku munsi wo kwinaza , ca imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 . 5 itandukanijwe na cm 8 . Tera umurama muri ya mirongo waciye ku ntera ya cm 2 hagati y' intete n' indi , urenzeho agataka gake . Icyitonderwa : Ingemwe zishobora gutegurirwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe byitwa tereyi ( tray ) .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bw' Amashu , borocoli na shufurere bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : ● Nyuma yo kwinaza shyiraho isaso y' ibyatsi byumye neza . ● Kuraho isaso ingemwe zikimara kumera ( nyuma y' iminsi 4 kugeza ku 10 ) . ● Ubakira ubuhumbikiro unabutwikire bityo birinde ingemwe kwicwa n' izuba . Wibuke gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba inyura kuko ingemwe ziba zirikeneye . ● Vomerera buri munsi mu gitondo kare no kumugoroba . ● Icira ingemwe igihe zicucitse . ● Tera imiti irwanya indwara ( mancozeb cyangwa methalaxyl : garama 2 . 5 / litiro y' amazi ) n' ibyonnyi ( Lambda - Cyhalothrin : 1 ml / 1l y' amazi ) bibaye ngombwa . ● Gabanya igihe cyo kuvomerera kandi ugende ugabanya igicucu cy' ubuhumbikiro mu gihe cy' icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura kugirango ingemwe zikomere . ● Tera ingemwe mu murima hashize iminsi 25 - 30 nyuma yo kwinaza ( zifite amababi 3 - 4 ) .
Gutegura umurima no gutera Amashu , borocoli na shufurere bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Hitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo amashu , borocoli na shufurere cyangwa ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe mu bihe by' ihinga nibura 2 . Tegura umurima mu byumweru 2 mbere yo kugemura . Hinga ubutaka kugeza nibura ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugira ngo imizi izakure neza . Kuri hegitari imwe hakenerwa imborera ingana nka toni 25 ( amashyi yombi kuri buri mwobo ) Cukura imyobo ya cm 15 - 20 zubujyakuzimu ku ntera ya cm 60 hagati y' imirongo na cm 50 - 60 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi ku murongo ku mbuto ibanguriye na cm 40 - 45 ku mbuto itabanguriye . Sasira ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye , usige ku mwobo aho gutera . Vomerera umurima n' ubuhumbikiro bihagije mbere yo kugemura bitume ubutaka bworoha ; Gemura ingemwe mu buhumbikiro witonze ku buryo uzamurana n' itaka rifashe ku mizi kandi ubikore mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba , utere wirinda gukuraho itaka rifashe ku mizi . Tsindagira itaka gahoro impande z' urugemwe . Icyitonderwa : Ibi bihingwa bishobora guterwa mu mitabo yegutse ku bujyejuru bwa cm 20 , cyane cyane ahantu hareka amazi . Iyo mitabo iba ifite ubugari bwa cm 100 yangwa cm 120 . Hagati y' umutabo n' undi hasigara inzira ya cm 40 .
Kwita ku gihingwa cy' Amashu , borocoli na shufurere nyuma yo gutera bikorwa gutya : Gusasira : Sasira umurima ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye neza , mbere yo gutera cyangwa vuba hashoboka nyuma yo gutera . Kubagara : Bagara igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu murima . Kuvomerera : Vomerera nyuma yo gutera n' igihe cyose imvura itagwa cyangwa idahagije . Gushyiraho ifumbire mvaruganda : Amoko ari iburide , nyuma y' icyumwer uteye , shyira garama 10 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 kuri buri rugemwe ( agafuniko 1 k' icupa ry' amazi y' Inyange ) na garama 5 za ire ( agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye ) nyuma y' ukwezi . Nyuma y' amezi 2 uteye , ongeraho garama 3 za ire ( agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye ) kuri buri rugemwe . ● Ku moko atari iburide , nyuma y' icyumweru uteye , shyira garama 6 za NPK 17 - 17 - 17 kuri buri rugemwe ( agafuniko ka fanta kuzuye cyane ) na garama 3 za ire ( agafuniko ka fanta kageze ku musozo ) nyuma y' ukwezi . Nyuma y' amezi 2 uteye , ongeraho garama 3 za ire ( agafuniko ka fanta kageze ku musozo ) kuri buri rugemwe .
Gusarura Amashu , borocoli na shufurere bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Gusarura : Ushobora gusarura igihe amashu afite umutwe ukomeye ( iba irengeranye iyo umutwe wisatuye ) , hagati y' iminsi 60 - 105 nyuma yo kugemura . ● Sarura borocoli na shufurere hagati y' amezi abiri n' igice kugeza kuri atatu nyuma yo kugemura mu gihe ururabo ruba rumaze kwibumba neza no gukomera . Ururabo ruba rufite umurambararo wa cm 15 - 20 . ● Sarura mu gihe cya mu gitondo , izuba ritaraba ryinshi .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi mu mashu , borocoli na shufurere bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira : Genzura umurima buri munsi witegereza neza uruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi kuko ari ho udusimba dufata mu gihe twihisha izuba n' imvura . Indwara zikunze kuzahaza amashu , borocoli na shufure ni : kuma ku mpande z' amababi ( black rot ) , ububore buterwa na bagiteri n' izindi ziterwa na bagiteri . Irinde indwara utera usimburanya imiti ikurikira irimo cuwivure ( copper ) urugero gitenge , komanda na funguran . Ibyonnyi bikunze kugarara ni inda z' ibihingwa , nyamwihina ( cabbage looper ) . Rwanya udukoko ukoresheje imiti nka cypermethrin , Lambdacyhalothrin ( Lamdex ) , abamectin ( Dudu abamectin ) na acetameprid ( Aster extrem ) .
Aho amatunda ahingwa : Amatunda ahingwa mu gihugu hose . Amatunda ni igihingwa gikunda ubutaka buseseka , bufite ifumbire kandi butarimo amazi menshi .
Amoko y' amatunda yamamazwa akunda guhingwa ni ya : Mu Rwanda , amoko y' amatunda yamamazwa ni abiri : hari Passiflora edulis ( isine ) na Passiflora flavocarpa ( umuhondo ) .
Uburyo bwo gutubura ingemwe z' amatunda ni ubu bukurikira : hari uburyo 4 bwo kubona ingemwe : Kwinaza mu buhumbikiro ; Kubiba utubuto mu murima ; Gukoresha ingeri ; Kubyarura : bataba mu butaka igipande cy' igiti cy' amatunda .
Gutegura umurima w' Amatunda bikorwa bitya : Kurwanya isuri .
Gufumbira Amatunda bikorwa gutya : Bashyira kg 30 z' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza mu mwobo uzaterwamo intababara ; Bakongeramo g 500 za NPK 17 . 17 . 17 , kandi bigakorwa buri mwaka iyo yatangiye kwera imbuto .
Ingano y' imbuto y' amatunda yo gutera ku buso runaka : Batera kuri metero 2 hagati y' imirongo / inzitiro marakuja zuririraho , no kuri metero 3 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi . Batera ingemwe 1 660 kuri Ha . Igihe cyo gutera : ingemwe cyangwa ingeri zitegurwa muri Kamena ; kuzitera bigakorwa muri Nzeri n' Ukwakira imvura imaze gusomya ubutaka .
Gufata neza cyangwa kwita ku matunda mu mirima bikorwa : Kuyubakira ingazi , hakoreshwa ingiga z' ibiti bifite m 2 , 70 z' uburebure , cm ; 15 z' umurambararo ; cm bagataba 60 . Ni ngombwa gufasha urugemwe kurira rukagera kuri twa tugozi , ushyira hagati y' urugemwe n' utugozi umuhembezo ; Kubagara no gusasira ; Gukata Marakuja ; Ikata ritereka igiti : hatoranywa ibishibu 2 bitarangwaho indwara , ibindi ; bigakatwa ; Ikata rituma igiti cyera neza : bakata imitwe hejuru y' utujisho tuzabyara andi mashami , bituma igiti gikura vuba ; Gukata udushami tutagifite imbuto cyangwa twangiritse ; Ikata risazura igiti : gukatira igiti kuri cm 30 uvuye ku butaka iyo umusaruro ; utangiye kugabanuka ; Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi hakoreshejwe amoko yihanganira indwara no gutera imiti .
Indwara y' Ibidomo by' ibijuju mu matunda : INdwara y' Ibidomo by' ibijuju mu matunda iterwa n' agahumyo bita Alternaria passifloracea . Ibimenyetso by' Indwara y' Ibidomo by' ibijuju mu matunda : Igaragazwa n' ibice bya marakuja byafashwe hazaho ububabuke bw' uruziga bufite ibara ry' ikijuju kandi ku matunda ibidomo byinjiramo maze yakara igatuma amatunda abora . Uko Indwara y' Ibidomo by' ibijuju mu matunda bayirwanya : - Kutegeranya ingemwe mu gihe cy' itera , - Gukata ibisambo no kugabanya amashami . amababi hakinjira urumuri mumurima , - Gukoresha imiti irimo cuivre nka copper oxychloride / hudroxide .
Indwara ya Kabore ku matunda ; Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragazwa no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi , kubora k' uruti rwo hasi agereye ubutaka bitaguma igihingwa cyose kiraba ndetse nyuma kikabora iyo usatuye uruti usanga imbere hasa n' ikigina . Iyi ndwara iterwa n' agakoko kangiza ingemwe zikiri ntoya kuruti aho gatuma uduhumyo tubona umwanya wo gutangira kwangiza uruti kuko butaba bubonye aho kwinjirira . Uko Indwara ya Kabore ku matunda bayirwanya : - Igiti cyamaze gufatwa kirarandurwa kigatwikwa / gutabwa , - Gukoresha neza neza sekateri mugukuraho ibyafashwe hirindwa kwanduzaibindi , - Kwirinda ibyatsi cyangwa isaso yeregereye ku ruti , - Gukoresha ingemwe zibanguriye kuko zihanganira iki kibazo , - Gukoresha imiti yica ubusimba mu gihe cyo gutegura ingemwe n' imiti irimocuivre mu mbuto ziteye mu murima .
Igihe amatunda cyangwa marakuja byerera ; Amatunda cg Marakuja itangira kwera nyuma y' amezi 7 - 9 itewe , ishobora kumara imyaka 4 cyangwa irengaho gato itanga umusaruro bitewe n' umurumbuko mwiza w' ubutaka .
Gusarura no guhunika amatunda cyangwa marakuja ; Amatunda cyangwa Marakuja zitangira gusarurwa nyuma y' amezi 7 zitewe , igiti kimwe kigatanga 12 kg z' imbuto buri mwaka . Marakuja zifashwe neza zitanga 20 toni z' umusaruro kuri Ha . Imbuto zeze neza zibikwa mu gihe kitari kirekire kuri 20°C n' ubuheherebwa 80 - 90 % . Umutobe n' umushongi bikabikika neza kurusha .
Aho Macadamia yera mu Rwanda : Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Rwanda bwerekanye ko ishobora kwera ahantu hose hera kawa hafite imvura ya mm 800 kugeza 1900 n' ubutumburuke bw' imisozi migufi kugera ku miremire ya m 750 - 2250 , Makadamiaya yihanganira imvura nke kurusha kawa , iri hagati ya mm 750 - 1000 . Uturere tuberanye na Makadamiya cyane mu Rwanda : Umurambi wo hagati mu Rwanda n' uturere tw' urusekabuye ( Intara y' Amajyepfo n' iy' Iburasirazuba , n' Amajyepfo y' Intara y' Amajyaruguru ) , umurambi w' Iburasirazuba , Inkengero z' ikiyaga cya Kivu n' Impala . Uturere tuberanye na Makadamiya mu rugero : Bugesera , Mayaga , Umukenkew ' Iburasirazuba , Isunzu rya Kongo Nili ryose . Uturere tuberanye na Makadamiya buhoro : Akarere k' amakoro , imisozi miremire y' Ububeruka .
Amoko ya makadamiya ni aya ; Makadamiya ifite amoko abiri : hari ubwoko bufite igishishwa cyoroshye n' amavuta menshi ( 73 - 78 % aribwo Macadamia Integrifolia ) arina yo yamamazwa mu Rwanda , muri Afrika no ku isi yose , n' ubwoko bufite igishishwa gikomeye n' amavuta make ( Makadamia tetraphylia ) .
Ingengabihe no gutunganya imbuto n' ingemwe bya makadamiya ; Igiti cya Makadamia kirakura kikageza ku burebure bwa m 10 - 15 . gisaba ubushyuhe bwa 15 - 28°C . Imbuto z' indobanure zikwiranye n' uturere ni zo batera , ingero ni nka KRG 15 , EMB - 1 , MRG - 20 na KMB z' ikigo cy' ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cya Kenya zamamazwa mu Rwanda . Imbuto zinikwa mu mazi amasaha 72 ( iminsi 3 ) , bahindura amazi buri munsi kugira ngo zidahuguta , ziterwa mu buhumbikiro bufite imitabo ya m 1 y' ubugari na m 8 - 10 z' uburebure irimo umusenyi wa cm 20 z' ubujyakuzimu . Batera mu mirongo ya cm 8 hagati y' umurongo 1 hagati y' urubuto n' urundi na cm 3 z' ubujyakuzimu . Zimera nyuma y' iminsi 21 - 45 , ni ngombwa kuzivomera buri munsi . Nyuma y' amezi abiri bazigemurira mu bihoho bya cm 15 z' umurambararo kuri cm 18 z' uburebure zifite ibibabi 4 bikomeye . Bazishyira muri pepiniyeri isakaye ku buryo itanga urumuri rwa 40 - 50 % zikamaramo amezi 2 kugeza kuri3 . ingemwe bazibangurira zimaze amezi 6 kugera kuri 12 bazigemuye ziba zifite uburebure bwa cm 10 - 15 zifite ibibabi 8 cyangwa 10 . Nyuma yo kubangurira zimurirwa muri pepiniyeri aho kuzitera mu murima zimenyerezwa izuba andi mezi 2 - 3 . ingemwe ziterwa mu murima ziteguwe amezi 18 . Mu gushyira igitaka mu bihoho , ntibuzuza umwobo kugira ngo haboneke ahazashyirwa amazi avomerera igihingwa : bavomerera 3 mu cyumweru mu mezi 3 ya mbere .
Uko batera Makadamiya n' imirimo ikorerwa ingemwe ziterwa ; • Umurima utunganywa neza mu gihe cy' izuba ( icyi ) : barima inshuro 2 mbere yo gutera . Bacukura imyobo ya cm 60 z' umurambararo na cm 60 z' ubujyakuzimu , bagashyiramo udutebo 2 tw' ifumbire y' imborera ivanze n' igitaka cyo hejuru na g 60 za NPK 20 . 10 . 10 . • Batera makadamiya mu gihe cy' imvura kuri m 7 . 5 hagati y' imirongona m 7 . 5 hagati y' igiti n' ikindi ( ibiti 178 muri Ha ) mu murima wihariye cyangwa m 10 na m 10 hagati y' imirongo n' igiti n' ikindi mu murima . • Bashingirira ingemwe kugira ngo zitazunguzwa n' umuyaga mwinshi kandi basasira muri cm 10 - 15 uvuye ku giti . Makadamiya ntikunda gukatwa cyane , bakuraho amashami yavunitse cyangwa ayumye agakatwa yegerejwe igihimba kugira ngo igiti gihagarare neza .
Intungamubiri , agaciro n' inyungu makadamiya izanira abahinzi bayo ; - Imbuto za makadamiya zitanga ibivumbikisho bihanitse ( Kcal 7350 kuri kg 1 ) , zifite amavuta menshi aruta ibindi bihingwa ( 73 - 78 % ) by' ibinyamavuta ( ubunyobwa 44 . 8 % , soya 15 . 7 % ) kandi ntifite ibinure bitera indwara . Zikungahaye kuri vitamini ( A , B na C ) n' imyunyungungu nka kalisiyumu , fosifori na Feri ) . - Makadamiya irakenewe cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga aho igura amadolari10 - 20 kuri kg 1 . Umusaruro uboneka ku isi ni 45 % k' ukeneye .
Icyonnyi cy' Udusurira ( Stink bugs ) mu ri makadamiya ; Imiterere y' Icyonnyi cy' Udusurira nuko twangiza : - Ubu busimba bubamo amoko agera kuri 20 , icyo duhuriyeho nuko tugira igikono gikomeye kumugongo , nakanwa gasongoye nk' agashinge n' uduhembe tubiri , - zitobora igihingwa zikanyunyuzamo amatembagiti ( sap ) , kumababi zishyiraho umushongi bigatuma hazaho uduhumyo ugasanga amababi yabaye umukara ndetse agahunguka , - Ku mbuto hahinduka ikigina cyangwa umukara zikagira ishusho idasanzwe , - Mugihe cy' irabya zangiza indabo ndetse zigahunguka , Uko Icyonnyi cy' Udusurira baturwanya :
Icyonnyi cy' Agasimba gatobora imbuto za Macadamia ( Macadamia Nut borer ) : Imiterere y' icyonnyi cy' Agasimba gatobora imbuto za Macadamianuko n' uko twangiza : - Ni agakoko ko mubwoko bw' ibinyugunyugu gisa n' umutuku w' ikigina gitera amagi ku mbuto ; Urunyo rugakurira imbere mu rubuto cyangwa mu gishishwa kikazasohokamo kimaze gukura . - Urubuto rwangiritse rugaragazwa n' utwenge duto turihi imyanda kandi urunyo rwangiza cyane imbuto zikiri nyota cyane . Uko Agasimba gatobora imbuto za Macadamia bakarwanya : - Gukata ibiti no kwirinda ibihuru mu murima , - Gukoresha imiti nka Imidachloprid , bifenthrin cyane cyane mu gihe cy' irabya .
• Beterave ibarizwa mu muryango Chenopodioideae kimwe na na epinali . Ikaba ifite inkomoko mu bihugu by' i Burayi bw' amajyepfo . • Beterave ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri , cyane ibirinda indwara umubiri wacu ukeneye nka Vitamine A ifasha mu kubona neza kw' amaso , kurwanya ubuhumyi bukunda gufata abageze muzabukuru ndetse ikagira akamaro no k' ubuzima bw' imyororokere . • Ifite kandi Vitamine B9 , ndetse Vitamine C ifasha umubiri mu kurwanya indwara no kubaka ubudahangarwa . Beterave kimwe n' izindi mboga , ikize ku myunyu ngugu nka manganese ( Mn ) , kalisiyumu ( Ca ) , potasiyumu ( K ) , k' ubutare na zenke . • Beterave kandi ifasha kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w' amaraso , yongera amaraso , irwanya kanseri , ituma igogora rigenda neza ndetse no mu nganda yifashishwa mu gutunganya isukari .
Ahaberanye n' ubuhinzi bwa beterave ; • Beterave ishobora kwera hose mu Rwanda . yera neza ahantu hadashyuha kandi ntiyihanganira inyababa . Ubushyuhe bw' umwuka buri hagati ya dogere ( oC ) 15 na 23 ni bwiza kugirango Beterave ikure neza kandi itange umusaruro ushimishije . • Beterave yera neza mu butaka bw' umusenyi , buseseka kandi bw' isi ndende , buhitisha umwuka , bufumbiye kandi budafite ibumba ryinshi , ubusharire cyangwa imyunyu bikabije .
• Gura umurama ahantu hizewe hagurirwa inyongeramusaruro kandi mbere yo kugura reba igihe ubushobozi bwo kumera buzarangirira . • Kugirango hazaterwe umurima wa ari imwe , hakenerwa umurama ungana na garama 50 ugatergurirwa ku buhumbikiro bungana na metero kare eshanu .
Gutegura ubuhumbikiro no kwinaza beterave ; • Hitamo aho gushyira ubuhumbikiro hadaheruka guhingwamo ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe na beterave nibura mu gihembwe cy' ihinga kimwe giheruka . • Hinga umurima neza ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20 - 30 kandi ibyatsi bibi n' ibindi bisigazwa byose ubikuremo , ndetse n' ibinonko ubimenagure . • Kora imitabo ifite ubujyejuru bwa cm 20 , n' ubugali bwa m 1 - 1 . 2 . kandi itandukanijwe na cm 30 . • n' izuba ariko wibuke gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba ; • Icyumweru kimwe mbere yo guhumbika , vangira kuri metero kare imwe ibiro 3 - 5 ( amashyi atatu ) by' ifumbire y' imborera iboze neza n' itaka na NPK 17 - 17 - 17 garama 20 ( udufuniko 2 tw' agacupa k' amazi y' Inyange ) . • Ku munsi wo kwinaza , ca imirongo yo kwinazamo ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 . 5 itandukanijwe na cm 8 . • Tera umurama muri ya mirongo waciye ku ntera ya cm 2 hagati y' intete n' indi , urenzeho agataka gake . Icyitonderwa : Ingemwe zishobora gutegurirwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe byitwa tereyi ( tray ) .
Kwita ku buhumbikiro bwa beterave ; • Nyuma yo kwinaza shyiraho isaso y' ibyatsi byumye neza . • Kuraho isaso ingemwe zikimara kumera . • Ubakira ubuhumbikiro unabutwikire bityo birinde ingemwe kwicwa n' izuba . Wibuke gusiga aho imirasire y' izuba inyura kuko ingemwe ziba zirikeneye . • Vomerera buri munsi mu gitondo kare no kumugoroba . Icira ingemwe igihe zicucitse . • Tera imiti irwanya indwara ( mancozeb cyangwa methalaxyl : garama 2 . 5 / litiro y' amazi ) n' ibyonnyi ( Lambda - Cyhalothrin : 1 ml / 1l y' amazi ) bibaye ngombwa . • Gabanya igihe cyo kuvomerera kandi ugende ugabanya igicucu cy' ubuhumbikiro mu gihe cy' icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura kugirango ingemwe zikomere . • Tera ingemwe mu murima hashize iminsi 25 nyuma yo kwinaza .
Gutegura umurima no gutera mo beterave ; • Hitamo umurima udaheruka guhingwamo ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe na beterave nibura mu gihembwe cy' ihinga kimwe giheruka . • Tegura umurima mu byumweru 2 mbere yo kugemura . Kuri hegitari imwe hakenerwa imborera ingana nka toni 25 . • Hinga ubutaka kugeza nibura ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 30 kugira ngo imizi izakure neza .
Kwita ku gihingwa cya beterave nyuma yo gutera ; • Cukura imyobo ya cm 15 - 20 z' ubujyakuzimu ku ntera ya cm 30 hagati y' imirongo na cm 15 hagati y' urugemwe n' urundi . • Shyira amashyi yuzuye imborera iboze neza muri buri mwobo . Imborera ikenewe kuri Ari 1 ni Kg 250 ( 25T / ha ) . • Sasira ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye , usige ku mwobo aho gutera . • Vomera umurima n' ubuhumbikiro bihagije mbere yo kugemura bitume ubutaka bworoha • Nyuma y' iminsi 25 - 30 gemura ingemwe mu buhumbikiro witonze ku buryo uzamurana n' itaka rifashe ku mizi kandi ubikore mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba , utere wirinda gukuraho itaka rifashe ku mizi . • Tsindagira itaka gahoro impande z' urugemwe . • Gusasira : Sasira umurima ukoresheje ibyatsi byumye neza , mbere yo gutera cyangwa vuba hashoboka nyuma yo gutera . • Kubagara : Bagara igihe cyose ibyatsi bibi bigaragara mu ; • Ibyonnyi bikunze kugarara ni inda . Birwanye utera murima . • Kuvomerera : Vomerera nyuma yo gutera n' igihe cyose imvura itagwa cyangwa idahagije . • Gushyiraho ifumbire mvaruganda : Nyuma y' icyumweru kimwe ugemuye ushyira garama 8 za DAP ( udufuniko 2 twa fanta ) na garama 4 za Kcl ( agafuniko 1 ka fanta ) ku gihingwa . • Nyuma y' iminsi hagati 30 - 45 wongeramo ifumbire ya Ire ( Urea ) garama 2 kuri buri gihingwa . Iyi fumbire ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w' urugemwe aho imizi igarukira .
Gusarura beterave ; • Sarura beterave zeze neza kuko ari bwo zibasha kubikika igihe kirekire . Iyo zeza neza , ibijumba biba bifite ibara ryijimye ( iminsi 90 - 120 nyuma yo gutera ) . • Iyo urandura ibijumba ubanza koroshya ubutaka . • Umaze gukura ibijumba ukataho ibice byo hejuru usigaho cm5 , usigaho inkondo nto ku mutwe bikayirinda kubora , • Mu gusarura ukoresha ibikoresho byabugenewe kandi bifite isuku , nk' igitebo , amakurete , ibase cyangwa indobo . • Iyo usaruye ku zuba cyangwa hari ubushyuhe , ibyiza ni ugushyira beterave mu gicucu bwa bushyuhe bukagabanuka . Nyuma yo gusarura , beterave urazironga , ugutoranya inziza hakurikijwe ibyiciro , gabanya uburebure bw' amababi usigeho nk' afite cm 5 .
Kurwanya indwara n' ibyonnyi muri beterave ; • Genzura umurima buri munsi witegereza neza uruhande rwo hasi rw' amababi kuko ari ho ubusimba dufata mu gihe twihisha izuba n' imvura . • Indwara ikunze kuzahaza beterave ni : Indwara y' ibidomo ( Cercospora leaf spots of beets ) ( 1a ) . Irwanwa utera usimburanya imiti ikurikira irimo cuwivure ( copper ) urugero gitenge , komanda na funguran , chlorothalonil ( Daconil ) , carbendazim ( Rodazim , Bendazim ) , sulfur ( Thiovit ) , difenoconazole , azoxystrobin . REPUBULIKA Y ' U RWANDA ; • Ibyonnyi bikunze kugarara ni inda ( ifoto 1b ) . Birwanye utera imiti uyisimburanya nka abamectin , cypermethrin , profenofos + cypermethrin .
Aho ibireti bihingwa ; Ibereti bihingwa cyane mu turere tw' amakoro , turangwa n' ubutumburuke bwo hejuru ndetse n' ubukonje n' imvura ihoraho . igihingwa cy' ibireti gikunda ubutaka buhitisha amazi kandi budacuramyecyane .
Amoko yamamazwa y' ibireti hari Nyiragahini , Capita chef , Kinigi , Bonde , Susa na HAT 1 - 8 .
Gutegura umurima wo guteramo ibireti ; Umurima uhingwamo ibireti ugomba kuba wararwanyijweho isuri kandi uhinze neza .