edition at Toledo, 1 500, which, however, is in a measure conformed to the Roman order. He also founded in the cathedral of Toledo a chapel (ad Corpus Christi), where the so renovated Mozarabic service is still continued daily. A simi- lar chapel was founded in Salamanca for the same purpose. Neale, in his Tetralogia Liturgica, gives the Ordo Mozarabicus for comparison with the Liturgies of Chrysos- § 100, TUE OCCIDENTAL LITURGIES. 533 lessons also from tlic Old Testament ; ' it differs from the Ro- man liturgy in the order of festivals ; and it contains, before the proper sacrificial action, ahomiletic exhortation. The for- mula Sancta Sanctis^ before the communion, the fraction of the host into nine parts (in memory of the nine mysteries of the life of Christ), the daily communion, the distribution of the cup by the deacon, remind us of the oriental ritual. The Mozarabic chant has much resemblance to the Gregorian, but exliibits besides a certain independent national character.^ 3. The Afkican liturgy is known to us only through frag- mentary quotations in Tertullian, Cyprian, and Augustine, from which we gather that it belonged to the Roman family. 4. The liturgy of St. Aj*ibrose.' This is attributed to the renowned bishop of Milan (f 397), and even to St. Barnabas. It is certain, that Ambrose introduced the responsive singing of psalms and hymns, and composed several prayers, prefaces, and hymns. His successor, Simplicius (a. d. 397-400), is supposed to have made several additions to the ritual. Many elements date from the reign of the Gothic kings (a. d. 493- 568), and the Lombard kings (a. d. 568-739). torn, James, and Mark. The latest edition is tliat in the 85th volume of Migne's Patrologie, Paris, 1850, with a learned preface. ' On the Mozarabic pericopes comp. an article by Ernst Ranke in Herzog's En- cyklop. vol. X. pp. 79-82. He attributes to them great intrinsic value and historical importance. "They even seem important," says he, "for the general history of the ancient church. With the unmistakable affinity they bear to the Greek on the one hand, and to the Galilean on the other, they evince by themselves an intercourse between the Eastern and Western regions of the church, which, begun or at least aimed at by Paul, further established by IrenEeus, still under Uvely prosecution in the time of Jerome, afterward ruptured in the most violent manner, is without doubt one of the most noteworthy currents in the life of the church." * Neale has made the discovery, that the Mozarabic litanies were originally met- rical, and attempts to restore the measure, L c. p. 143 ff. " Missale Ambrosianum, Mediol. 1768 ; a later edition under authority of the archbishop and cardinal Gaisruck, Mediol. 1850. Comp. an article byNcale: The Ambrosian Liturgy, in his Essays on Liturgiology, p. 171 ff". Neale considers the Ambrosian Uturgy, Uke the GaUican and Mozarabic, a branch of the Ephesian family. •' All three have been moulded by contact