the oldest and most important. 1. The liturgy of St. Clement. This is found in the the mystery of transubstantiation in a Protestant church and with the sanction of Protestant clergy. The liturgy of St. Chrysostom, in the Slavonic translation, was intoned by the priest ; the short responses, such as Hospode, Pomelue (Kyrie, Elei- son), were grandly sung by the choir in the Slavonic language, and the Beatitudes, the Nicene Creed (of course, without the " Filioque," which is condemned by the Greek church as a heretical innovation), and the Gloria in Excelsis in English There were wanting only the many genuflexions and prostrations, the trine immer- sion, and infant communion, to complete the illusion of a marriage of the two churches. Some secular journals gave the matter the significance of a political demonstration in favor of Russia ! One of the religious papers saw in it an exhibi- tion of the imity and catholicity of the church, and a resemblance to the miracle of Pentecost, in that Greeks, Slavonians, and Americans heard in their own tongues the wonderful works of God ! But most of the Episcopal and other Protestant papers exposed the doctrinal inconsistency, since the Greek Uturgy coincides in all important points with the Roman mass. Unfortunately for tlie philo-Russian move- ment, the Russo-Greek monk Agapius soon afterward publicly declared himself an opponent of the holy orthodox oriental church, and charged it with serious error. The present Greek church, which regards even the archbishop of Canterbury and the pope of Rome as imbaptized (because unimmersed) heretics and schismatics, could, of course, never consent to such an anomalous service as was held in Trinity chapel for the first, and in all probability for the last time. * Neale now (The Liturgies of S. Mark, etc., 1859, p. vii.) divides the primitive liturgies into five families : (1) That of St. James, or of Jerusalem; (2) that of St. Mark, or of Alexandria ; (3) that of St. Thadd^cs, or of the East ; (4) that of St. Peter, or of Rome ; (5) that of St. Jonx, or of Ephesus. Formerly (Hist, of the Holy Eastern Church) he counted the Clementine Liturgy separately ; but since Daniel has demonstrated the affinity of it with the Jerusalem (or, as he calls it, the Antiochian) family, he has put it down as a branch of that family. ^ § 99. THE ORIENTAL LITUKGIES. 527 eighth book of tlie Apostolic Constitutions, and, with them, is erroneously ascribed to the Roman bishop Clement.' It is the oldest complete order of divine service, and was probably com- posed in the East in the beginning of the fourth century.* It agrees most with the liturgy of St, James and of Cyril of Jei'usalem, and may for this reason be considered a branch of the Jerusalem family. We know not in what churches, or whether at all, it was used. It was a sort of normal liturgy, and is chiefly valuable for showing the