to the great day of consum- mation. These prayers for an increase of bliss, which appeared afterwards very inappropriate, form the transition from the original simple commemoration of the departed saints, inclad- ing the patriarchs, prophets and apostles, to intercessions for th6 suffering souls in purgatory, as used in the Roman church ever since the sixth century.' In the litm-gy of Chrysostom, still in use in the Greek and Eussian church, the commemora- tion of the departed reads ; " And further we offer to thee this reasonable service on behalf of those who have departed i« the faith, our ancestors, Fathers, Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Preachers, Evangelists, Martyrs, Confessors, Virgins, and every . . Especially the most just spirit made perfect in the faith. . holy, undefiled, excellently laudable, glorious Lady, the Mother of God and Ever- Virgin Mary. . . . the holy John the Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist, the holy, glorious and all-celebrated Apostles, and all thy Saints, through whose prayers look upon us, O God. And remember all those that are departed in the hope of the resurrection to eternal life, and give them rest where the light of Thy countenance shines upon them." * Neale has collected in an appendix to his English edition of the old liturgies (The Liturgies of S. Mark, S. James, etc., Lond. 1859, p. 216 ff.) the finest hturgical prayers of the ancient church for the departed saints, and deduces from them the positions, "(l)that prayers for the dead, and more especially the oblation of the blessed Eucharist for them, have been from the beginning the practice of the Uni- versal Church. (2) And this without any idea of a purgatory of pain, or of any state from which the departed soul has to be delivered as from one of misery." The sec- ond point needs qualification. 510 THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590. Cyril of Jerusalem, in liis fifth and last mystagogic Cate- cbesis, which is devoted to the consideration of the eucharistic sacrifice and the liturgical service of God, gives the following description of the eucharistic intercessions for the departed : " When the spiritual sacrifice, the unbloody service of God, is performed, we pray to God over this atoning sacrifice for the universal peace of the church, for the welfare of the world, for the emperor, for soldiers and prisoners, for the sick and afflicted, for all the poor^and needy. Then we commemorate also those who sleep, the 23atriarchs, prophets, apostles, martyrs, that God through their prayers and their intercessions may receive our prayer ; and in general we pray for all who have gone fi*om us, since we believe that it is of the greatest help to those souls for whom the prayer is ofiered, while the holy sacrifice, exciting a holy awe, lies before us." ^ This is clearly an approach to the later idea of purgatory in the Latin church. Even St. Augustine, with Tertullian, teaches plainly, as an old tradition, that the eucharistic sacrifice, the intercessions