obscure hamlet near Jerusalem, through a vision of Gamaliel, by a priest of Lucian ; and some years afterward portions of them were transported to Uzali, not far ' Ep. cix. ad Kiparium. - Adv. Vigil, c. 6. ' Cum illic — Mediolani — essemus. * He speaks of this four times clearly and plainly, Confess, ix. 7 ; De Civit. Dei, xxii. 8 ; Serm. 286 in Natali Mil. Protasii et Gervasii; Retract. L 13, § 7. ' Serm. 317 and 318 de Martyr. Steph. Is. Taylor (1. c. ii. pp. 316-^50) has thoroughly investigated the legend of the relics of the proto-martyr, and comes to the conclusion that it likewise rests on pious frauds which Augustine honestly be- lieved. 4:60 THIRD PEKIOD. A.D. 311-590. from Utica, in ]!^orth Africa, and to Spain and Ganl, and everywhere caused the greatest ado in the superstitious popu- lace. But Augustine laments, on the other hand, the trade in real and fictitious relics, which was driven in his day,' and holds the miracles to be really superfluous, now that the world is converted to Christianity, so that he who still demands mir- acles, is himself a miracle.^ Though he adds, that to that day miracles were performed in the name of Jesus by the sacra- ments or by the saints, but not with the same lustre, nor with the same significance and authority for the whole Christian world." Thus he himself furnishes a warrant and an entering wedge for critical doubt in our estimate of those phenomena.* § 88. Observations on the Miracles of the Nicene Age. Oomp. on the affirmative side especially John H. Newman (now R, 0., then Eomanizing Anglican) : Essay on Miracles, in the 1st vol. of the English translation of Fleury's Ecclesiastical History, Oxford, 1842 ; on the negative, Isaac Taylor (Independent) : Ancient Christianity, Lond. 4th ed. 1844. Vol. ii. pp. 233-365. Dr. Newman previously took * De opere Monachorum, c. 28 : " Tam multos hypocritas sub habitu monacho- rum [hostis] usquequoque dispersit, circumeuntes provincias, nusquam missos, nus- quam fixos, nusquam stantes, nusquam sedentes. Alii membra martyrum, si tamen martyrum, venditant." Augustine rejects the pretended miracles of the Donatists, and calls them wonderlings (mirabiliarii), who are either deceivers or deceived (In Joann. evang. tract, xiii. § 17). "^ De Civit. Dei, xxii. c. 8 : " Ciu-, inquiunt, nunc ilia miracula, quae praedicatis faxta esse, non fiunt ? Possem quidem dicere, necessaria fuisse priusquam crederet mundus, ad hoc ut crederet mundus. Quisvis adhuc prodigia ut credat inquirit, magnum est ipse prodigium, qui mundo credente non credit." Comp. De util. cred. c. 25, § 47 ; c. 50, § 98 ; De vera relig. c. 25, § 47. * Ibid. : " Nam etiam nunc fiunt miracula in ejus nomine, sive per sacramenta ejus, sive per orationes vel memorias sanctorum ejus ; sed non eadem claritate illus- trantur, ut tanta quanta ilia gloria diffamentur. . . . Nam plerumque etiam ibi [in the place where these