us, and take us to thee in thy fellowship." Even Chrysostom did not rise above the spirit of the time. He too is an eloquent and enthusiastic advocate of the w^orship of the saints and their relics. At the close of his memorial discourse on Sts. Bernice and Prosdoce — two saints who have not even a place in the Roman calendar — he exhorts his hear- ers not only on their memorial days but also on other days to implore these saints to be our prcftectors: "For they have great boldness not merely dui-ing their life but also after death, yea, much greater after death.' For they now bear the stig- mata of Christ [the marks of martyrdom], and when they show these, they can persuade the King to anything." He ' "Ayie E^potu, fia-fibei ixo'i. ^ 'AiTov/j.evo^ T)fiiv afj.apT7)fj.a.Tcov acpscnv, aluiviov re ^acriAflas aTroAavaiv. De vita Ephraem. p. 616 (torn. iii.). ' 2u 5e rj/xas iiroTrTtvots avoo^ev i'A€C05, Kai rhv TjiLirepov SLe^ayois Koyov koL Plov K.T.A. Orat. 18 in laud. Cypr. p. 286. ■* napaKaAcofiev auras, a^iciiaev yefea^ai TrpotTTaTiSaj iijxSiv ' iroWrji' yap €Xov<Tiv irapp7](Tluv ovxi. C^aai fxovov, aKKa. koX nXivTrjCTaaai ' /col iroAAo; jxaWov Ti\(VTT]aa- 7at. 0pp. torn. ii. 770. 440 THIRD PEEIOD. A.D. 311-590. relates that once, when the harvest was endangered by exces- sive rain, the whole population of Constantinople flocked to the clmrch of the Apostles, and there elected the apostles Peter and Andrew, Panl and Timothy, patrons and intercessors be- fore the throne of grace.' Christ, says he on Heb. i. 14, re- deems us as Lord and Master, the angels redeem us as minis- ters. Asterius of Amasia calls the martyr Phocas, the patron of mariners, " a pillar and foundation of the churches of God in the world, the most renowned of the martyrs, who draws men of all countries in hosts to his church in Sinope, and who now, since his death, distributes more abundant nourishment than Joseph in Egypt." Among the Latin fathers, Ambrose of Milan is one of the first and most decided promoters of the worship of saints. "We cite a passage or two. " May Peter, who so successfully weeps for himself, weep also for us, and turn upon us tlie friendly look of Christ." ^ " The angels, who are appointed to guard us, must be invoked for us ; the martyrs, to whose intercession we have claim by the pledge of their bodies, must be invoked. They who have washed away their sins by their own blood, may pray for our sins. For they are martyrs of God, our high priests, spectators of our life and om" acts. We need not blush to use them as intercessors for our weakness ; for they also knew the infirmity of the body when tliey gained the victory over it.'" Jerome disputes the opinion of Yigilantius, that we should pray for one another in this life only, and that the dead do not ' Contra ludos et