" all sliould assemble together every ^veek, and keep that which is called the Lord's Day as a festival, to refresh even their bodies and to stir up their minds by divine precepts and instruction." ' Athanasius speaks very highly of the Lord's Day, as the perpetual memorial of the resurrection, but assumes that the old Sabbath has deceased.* Macarius, a presbyter of Upper Egypt (350), spiritualizes the Sabbath as a type and shadow of the true Sabbatli given by the Lord to the soul — the true and eternal Sabbath, which is freedom from sin.' Hilary represents the whole of this life as a preparation for the eternal Sabbath of the next. Epiphanius speaks of Sunday as an institution of the apostles, but falsely attributes the same origin to the observance of Wednesday and Friday as half fasts. Ambrose frequently mentions Sunday as an evangelical festival, and contrasts it with the defunct legal Sabbath. Jerome makes the same distinction. He relates of the EgyjDtian coenobites that they " devote themselves on the Lord's Day to nothing but prayer and reading the Scriptures." But he mentions also without censure, that the pious Paula and her companions, after returning from church on Sundays, " applied themselves to their allotted works and made garments for themselves and othere." Augustine likewise directly de- rives Sunday from the resurrection, and not fi'om the fourth commandment. Easting on that day of spiritual joy he re- gards, like Ambrose, as a grave scandal and heretical practice. The Apostolical Constitutions in this respect go even still fur- tertained rather lax views on the Sabbath law. It was left for Puritanism in Eng- land, at the close of Queen Elizabeth's reign, to bring out the perpetuity of the fourth commandment and the legal and general moral featxire in the Christian Sabbath. The book of Dr. Bownd, first published in 1595, under the title, " The Doctrine of the Sabbath," produced an entire revolution on the subject in the EngUsh mind, which is visible to this day in the strict observance of the Lord's Day in England, Scotland, the British Provinces, and the United States. Comp. on Dr. Bownd's book my Essay above quoted, p. 16 fiF., Gilfillan, p. 69 ff., and Hessey, p. 276 ff. ' De Laud. Const, c. 9 and 17. " In the treatise : De sabbatis et de circumcisione, which is among the doubtful works of Athanasius. ' Hom. 33. //^r § 75. THE CIVIL AND EELIGIOUS SUNDAY. 385 thcr, and declare: "He tliat fasts on the Lord's Day is guilty of sin," But they still prescribe the celebration of the Jewish Sabbath on Saturday in addition to the Christian Stmday. Chrysostom warns Christians against sabbatizing with the Jews, but earnestly commends the due celebratioft of the Lord's Day. /Leo the Great, in a beautiful passage — the finest of all the patristic uttei'ances on this subject — lauds the Lord's Day as the day of the primitive creation, of the Christian re- demption,