the cultus of the old sun-god Apollo mingles with the remembrance of the re- surrection of Christ ; and the wide-spread profanation of the Lord's Day, especially on the continent of Europe, demonstrates the great influence which heathenism still exerts upon Roman and Greek Catholic, and even upon Protestant, Christendom. § 75. The Civil and Religious Sunday. Geo. Holden': The Christian Sabbath, Lond. 1825 (see ch. v.). John T. Batlee : History of the Sabbath. Lond. 1857 {see chs. x.-xiii.). James Aug. Hesset: Sunday, its Origin, History, and present Obligation; Hampton Lectures preached before the University of Oxford. Lond. 1860 (Patristic and high-Anglican). James Gilfillan: The Sabbath viewed in the Light of Eeason, Revelation, and History, with Sketches of its Literature. Edinb. and New York, 1862 (The Puritan and Anglo- American view). Robert Cqx : The Literature on the Sabbath Ques- tion. Edinb. 1865, 2 vols. (Latitudinarian, but very full and learned). The observance of Sunday originated in the time of the apostles, and ever since forms the basis of public worship, with its ennobling, sanctifying, and cheering influences, in all Chris- tian lands. The Christian Sabbath is, on the one hand, the continua- tion and the regenei'ation of the Jewish Sabbath, based upon God's resting from the creation and upon the fom-tli command- ment of the decalogue, which, as to its substance, is not of merely national application, like the ceremonial and civil law, but of universal import and perpetual validity for mankind. It is, on the other hand, a new creation of the gospel, a memo- rial of the resurrection of Christ and of the work of redemption completed and divinely sealed thereby. It rests, we may say, U25on the threefold basis of the original creation, the Jewish legislation, and the Christian redemption, and is rooted in the physical, the moral, and the religious wants of our nature. It has a legal and an evangelical aspect. Like the law in general, the institution of the Christian Sabbath is a wholesome restraint § To. THE CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS SUNDAY. 379 upon the people, aiid a schoolmaster to lead them to Christ. But it is also strictly evangelical : it was originally made for the benefit of man, like the family, with which it goes back beyond the fall to the paradise of innocence, as the second in- stitution of God on earth ; it was " a delight " to the pious of the old dispensation (Isa. Iviii. 13), and now, under the new, it is fraught with the glorious memories and blessings of Christ's resurrection and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The Christian Sabbath is the ancient Sabbath baptized with fire and the Holy Ghost, regenerated, spiritualized, and glorified. It is the connecting link of creation and redemption, of paradise lost and paradise regained, and a pledge and ' preparation for the saints' everlasting rest in heaven.' The ancient church viewed the Sunday mainly, we may say, one-sidedly and exclusively, from its Christian aspect as a new