merely aj)parent hody of Christ / foras- much as hypocrites, even in this world, are not in and with Christ, but only appear to be.' And yet he repelled the Dona- tist charge of making two churches. In his view it is one and the same church, wJiich is now mixed with the ungodly, and will hereafter be pure, as it is the same Christ who once died, and now lives forever, and the same believers, who are now mortal and will one day put on immortality.' With some modification we may find here the germ of the subsequent Protestant distinction of the visible and. invisible church ; which regards the invisible, not as another church, but as the eoclesiola in ecclesia (or ecdesiis), as the smaller communion of true believers among professors, and thus as the true substance of the visible church, and as contained within its limits, like the soul in the body, or the kernel in the shell. Here the moderate Donatist and scholarly theologian, Tycho- nius,^ approached Augustine;* calling the church a twofold ^ Corpus Christ! veitcm atque permixtum, or verum atque shnulatum. Comp. De doctr. Christ, iii. 32, as quoted below in full. * Breviculus CoUationis cum Douatistis, Dies tertius, cap. 10, § 19 and 20 (Opera, ix. 664): "Deinde calumniantes, quod duas ecclesias Catholici dixerint, unam quae nunc habet permixtos malos, aliam quts post resurreetionem eos non esset habitura : veluti non iidem futuri essent sancti cum Christo regnaturi, qui nunc pro ejus nomine cum juste vivunt tolerant malos. . . . De duabus etiam' ecclesiis calum- niam eorum Catholici refutarimt, identidem expressius ostendentes, quid dixerint, id est, non eam ecclesiam, quae nunc habet permixtos malos, alienam se dixisse a regno Dei, ubi non erunt mali commixti, sed eandem ipsam unam et sanctam eccle- siam nunc esse aliter tunc autem aliter futuram, nunc habere malos mixtos, tunc non habituram . . . sicut non ideo duo Christi, quia prior mortuus postea non moriturus." * Or Tichonius, as Augustine spells the name. Although himself a Donatist, he wrote against them, " qui contra Donatistas invictissime scripsit, cum fuerit Dona- tista " (says Aug. De doctr. Christ. 1. iii. c. 30, § 42). He was opposed to rebaptism and acknowledged the validity of the Catholic sacraments ; but he was equally opposed to the secularism of the Catholic church and its mixture with the state, and adhered to the strict discipline of the Donatists. Of his works only one remains, viz.. Liber regularum, or de septem regulis, a sort of Biblical hermeneutics, or a guide for the proper understanding of the mysteries of the Bible. It was edited by Gallandi, in his Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum, torn. viii. p. 107-129. Augus- tine notices these rules at length in his work De doctrina Christiana, lib. iii. c. 89 VOL. II. — 24 37C THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590. l}ody of Christy of which the one part embraces the true Chris- tians, the other the apparent.* In this, as also