of acknowledged ecumenical councils. From this time forth the Greeks and Latins part, and ecu- menical councils are no longer to be named. The Greeks considered the second Trullan ' (or the fourth Constantinopoli- tan) council of 692, which enacted no symbol of faith, but canons only, not an independent eighth council, but an appen- dix to the fifth and sixth ecmnenical councils (hence called the Quinisexta sc. synodus) ; against which view the Latin church has always protested. The Latin church, on the other liand, elevates the fourth council of Constantinojple^ a. d. 869,* which deposed the patriarch Photius, the champion of the Greek church in her contest with the Latin, to the dignity of an eighth ecumenical council ; but this council was annulled for the Greek church by the subsequent restoration of Photius. The Roman church also, in pursuance of her claims to ex- clusive catholicity, adds to the seven or eight Greek councils ' The condemnation of a departed pope as a- heretic by an ecumenical council is .-io inconsistent with the claims of papal infallibility, that Romish historians have tried their utmost to dispute the fact, or to weaken its force by sophistical pleading. - Eir Ni/caioj/. Nice and Nicene are properly misnomers, but sanctioned by the use of Gibbon and other great English writers. ^ Tndlum was a saloon with a cupola in the imperial palace of Constantinople. * The Latins call it the fourth because they reject the fourth Constantinopolitan (the second Trullan) council of 692, because of its canons, and the fifth of 754 be- cause it condemned the worship of images, which was subsequently sanctioned bj the second council of Nicasa in 787. /^a>H^ ^^bJ"^^ ^^z^^^^/^7^1 ^^■^/^^^ ^^^-5/. ^^ M ^^z^- ^^ 1* f (iif- § ^^' ^O*^^^ *^^ ECCLESIASTICAL LAW. 353 .eigirt or more Latin general councils, including tliat of TrenK; but to all these the Greek and Protestant cliui-ehes can con- ^ cede only a sectional character. Three hundred and thirty- six years elapsed between the last undisputed Grgeco-Latin ecumenical council of the ancient church (a. d. 787), and the first Latin ecumenical council of the mediaeval church (1123). Tlie authority of the papal see liad to be established in the intervenino: centuries.' § 67. Books of Ecclesiastical Law. I. BiBLiOTHEOA juEis OANOxici vETEEis, ed. Vcellus (theologian of the Sor- bonne) and Justellus (Justeau, counsellor and secretary to tlie Frencli king), Par. 1661, 2 vols. fol. (Vol. i. contains the canons of the uni- versal church, Greek and Latin, the ecclesiastical canons of Dionysius Exiguus, or of the old Eoman church, the canons of the African church, etc. See a list^ contents in Darling's Cyclop. Bibliographica, . #^ p. 1702 sq.) J^^^^^^' ,'/€^e<chf^ir7/Ut9^^/'i'h^a^^^ ^ II. See the literature in vol. i. § 113. The brothers Balleeixi : De anti- quis turn editis turn ineditis collectionibus et collectoribus canonum ad Gratianum usque, in ed. 0pp. Leon. M. Ven., 1753 sqq. The treatises of QuESNEL, Maeca, CONSTANT, Deey, Theinee, ctc. On