pastor. But after we had him for our teacher, we did not retain him, but transferred him to imperial Rome." " Theodoeet also, who, like Chrysostom, proceeded from the Antiochian school, says of the "great city of Antioch," that it has the " throne of Peter." ' In a letter to Pope Leo he speaks, it is true, in very extravagant terms of Peter and his successors ' In S. Ignat. Martyr., n. 4. ' Horn. ii. in Principium Actorum, n. 6, torn. iii. p. 70 (ed. Montfaucon). The last sentence {aXXa irpo<T€xooprio-aiJ.iv tjj $acn\l5i Vd/j-r)) is by some regarded as a later interpolation in favor of the papacy. But it contains no concession of superiority. Chrysostom immediately goes on to say : " We have indeed not retained the body of Peter, but we have retained the faith of Peter ; and while we retain his faith, we have himself." ^ Epist. 86. 310 THIRD PEEIOD. A.D. 311-590. at Rome, in wliom all the conditions, external and internal, of the highest eminence and control in the church are combined.' But in the same ej)istle he remarks, that the " thrice blessed and divine double star of Peter and Paul rose in the East and shed its rays in every direction ; " in connection with which it must be remembered that he was at tliat time seeking protec- tion in Leo against the Eutychian robber-council of Ephesus (^■±49), which had unjustly deposed both himself and Flavian of Constantinoj)le. His bitter antagonist also, the arrogant and overbearing Cyeh, of Alexandria, descended some years before, in his battle against Nestorias, to unworthy flattery, and called Pope Coelestine " the archbishop of the whole [Roman] M'orld." ■' The same prelates, under other circumstances, repelled with proud indignation the encroachments of Rome on their juris- diction. § 62. The Decrees of Councils on the Pajpal Authority. Much more important than the opinions of individual fathers are the formal decrees of the councils. First mention here belongs to the council of Sakdica in Illyria (now Sofia in Bulgaria) in 343,' during the Arian con- troversy. This council is the most favorable of all to the ' Epist. 113. Comp. Beniiington and Kirk, 1. c. p. 91-93. lu tbe Epist. 116, to Eenatus, one of the three papal legates at Ephesus, where he entreats his inter- cession with Leo, he ascribes to the Roman see the control of the church of the world (roiv Kara ttj;/ olKovfxivriv iKKKricnUv ttji/ 'qyeixoviav)^ but certainly in the orien- tal sense of an honorary supervision. ^ 'ApxteTiV/coTro;' TrcttrTjf t^s olicovjj.ei'rjt [i. e., of the Roman empire, according to the well-known ustis loquendi, even of the N. T., comp. Luke ii. 1], Trarepo re Kal TTct,-' ptdpx'n'' KeKfCTlvof rhv rrjs /xfyaXoTrSXews Pci>/j.7]s. Encom. in S. Mar. Deip. (torn. V. p. 384). Comp. his Ep. ix. ad Ccelest. ^, ^ That this is the true date appears from [the recently discovered Festival Epis- iles of Athanasius, published in Syriac by Cureton