stantinople] shall have been informed of it." We have divided this celebrated Chalcedonian canon into two parts, though in the Greek text the parts are (by koX axxTe) closely connected. The first part assigns to the bishop of ' Socrates, H. E. 1. vii. 28, where such a law is incidentally mentioned. The inhabitants of Cyzicus in the Hellespont, however, transgressed the law, on the pre- sumption that it was merely a personal privilege of Atticus. 280 THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590. Constantinople the second rank amono; the patriarchs, and is simplj a repetition and confirmation of the third canon of the council of Constantinople ; the second part goes farther, and sanctions the supremacy, already actually exercised by Chrys- ostom and his successors, of the patriarch of Constantinople, not only over the diocese of Thrace, but also over the dioceses of Asia Alinor and Pontus, and gives him the exclusive right to ordain both the metropolitans of these three dioceses, and all the bishops of the barbarians ' within those bounds. This gave him a larger district than any other patriarch of the East. Subsequently an edict of the emperor Justinian, in 530, added to him the special prerogative of receiving appeals from the other patriarchs, and thus of governing the whole Orient. The council of Chalcedon in this decree only followed con- sistently the oriental principle of politico-ecclesiastical division. Its intention was to make the new political capital also the ecclesiastical capital of the East, to advance its bishop over the bishops of Alexandria and Antioch, and to make him as nearly as possible equal to the bishop of Kome. Thus was imposed a wholesome check on the ambition of the Alexan- drian patriarch, who in various ways, as the afiair of Tlieophi- lus and Dioscurus shows, had abused his power to the prejudice of the church. But thus, at the same time, was roused the jealousy of the bishop of Rome, to whom a rival in Constantinople, with equal prerogatives, was far more dangerous than a rival in Alexandria or Antioch. Especially ofiensive must it have been to him, that the council of Chalcedon said not a word of the primacy of Peter, and based the power of the Roman bishop, like that of the Constantinopolitan, on political grounds ; which was indeed not erroneous, yet only half of the truth, and in that respect unfair. Just here, therefore, is the point, where the Eastern church ' Among the barbarian tribes, over whom the bishops of Constantinople exer- cised an ecclesiastical jurisdiction, were the Huns on the Bosphorus, whose king, Gorda, received baptism in the time of Justinian ; the Heruliaus, who received the Christian faith in 52'7 ; the Abasgians and Alanians on the Euxine sea, who about the same time received priests from Constantinople. Comp. Wiltsch, i. 144 and 145. § 5G. STNODICAL LEGISLATION, ETC. 281 entered into a conflict with tlie "Western, whicli continues to this day. The papal delegates protested against the twenty- eighth