all Asia (Asia proconsu- laris) with eleven provinces, and over Pontus, Vv'hich likewise embraced eleven provinces ; thus covering twenty-eight prov- inces in all. In the year 400, Chrysostom went " by request to Ephesus," to ordain there Heraclides of Ephesus, and at tlie same time to institute six bishops in the places of others de- posed for simony." His second successor, Atticus, about tlie ' II. E. lib. V. cap. 28. - According to Sozomen it was thirteen, according to Tlieophiliis of Alexandria at the council ad Quercam seventeen bishops, whom he instituted ; and this act was charged against hhn as an unheard-of crime. See Wiltsch, i. 141. § 56. SYNODICAL LEGISLATION, ETC. 279 year 421, procured from tlie younger Tlieodosius a law, that no bishop should be ordained in the neighboring dioceses without the consent of tlie bishop of Constantinople.' • This power still needed the solemn sanction of a general council, before it could have a firm legal foundation. It received this sanction at Chalcedon. The fourth ecumenical council, held at Chalcedon in 451, confirmed and extended the power of the bishop of Constanti- noj)le, by ordaining in the celebrated tweuty-eighth canon : "Following throughout the decrees of the holy fathers, and being ac- " quainted with the recently read canon of the hundred and fifty bishops " [i. e. the third canon of the second ecumenical council of 381], we also " have determined and decreed the same in reference to the prerogatives "of the most holy church of Constantinople or New Eome. For with "reason did the fathers confer prerogatives (ra ■n-pealSeia) on the throne " [the episcopal chair] of ancient Rome, on account of her character as the "imperial city (Sui ro fiac-iXfiifiv) ; and, moved by the same consideration, "the hundred and fifty bishops recognized the same prerogatives (rh uxu '■TTpeo-^ela) also in the most holy throne of New Eome ; with good reason "judging, that the city, which is honored with the imperial dignity and "the senate [i. e. where the emperor and senate reside], and enjoys the " same [municipal] privileges as the ancient imperial Eome, should also be " equally elevated in ecclesiastical respects, and be the second after he^ " (Sfvrepau fj-fT eKe'ivqv).'''' " And [we decree] that of the dioceses of Pontus, Asia [Asia procon- "sularis], and Thrace, only the metropolitans, but in such districts of those "dioceses as are occupied by barbarians, also the [ordinary] bishops, be " ordained by the most holy throne of the most holy church at Constanti- "nople ; while of course every metropolitan in those dioceses ordains the " new bishops of a province in concurrence with the existing bishops of "that province, as is directed in the divine (Sei'oty) canons. But the me- " tropolitans of those dioceses, as already said, shaU be ordained by the " archbishop {apxieTna-Koirov) of Constantinople, after they shall have been " unanimously elected in the usual way, and he [the archbishop of Con- "