Maternus, author of a tract De errore profanarum religionum, written about 348 and dedicated to the emperors Constantius and Constans, ' Song of Sol. V. 2. \ 40 THIED PERIOD. A.D. 311-590, 1. Heateten sources: Juliaxi imperatoris Opera, quae supersunt omnia, ed. by Petaviiis, Par. 1583 ; and more completely by Ezech. Span- liemius, Lips. 1696, 2 vols. fol. in one (Spanbeim gives tbe Greek original with a good Latin version, and the Ten Books of Cyril of Alex, against Julian). A We have from Julian: Misopogon (MicroTrcoyoji', tbe Beard-hater, a defence of himself against the accusations of the Antiochians) ; Caesares (two satires on his predecessors); eight Orationes ; sixty-five Epistolae (the latter separately and most com- pletely edited, with shorter fragments, by Heyler, Mog. 1828); and Fragments of his three or seven Books Kara Xpioriavai' in tbe Reply of C\n"il. LiBAxrtTS : 'EmrcKpioi eV 'invXiavmy in Lib. 0pp. ed. Reiske, Altenb. 1791-97. 4 vols. Mamertixus: Gratiarum actio Juliano. The relevant passages in the heathen historians Ammianfs Maecel- LiNXis (1. c. lib. sxi.-xxv. 3), Zosimtjs and EuNAPirs. 2. Christian sources (all in Greek) : the early church historians, Socrates (1. iii.), SozoiiEN (1. V. and vi.), Theodoket (1. iii.). Gregory Naz. : Orationes invectivae in Jul. duae, written some six months after the death of Julian (0pp. torn. i.). Cyril of Axex. : Contra impium Jul. libri X. (in the 0pp. Cyr., ed. J. Aubert, Par. 1638, torn, vi., and in Spanheirri's ed. of the works of Julian). LITERATURE. Tillemoxt : Memoires, etc., vol. vii. p. 322-428 (Venice ed.), and Histoire des empereurs Eom, Par. 1690 sqq., vol. iv. 483-576. Abbe De la Bleterie : Vie de I'empereur Julien. Amst. 1735. 2 vols. Tbe same in English, Lond. 1746. "W". Warbueton : Julian. Lond. 3d ed. 1763. Nath. Laedxer : "Works, ed. Dr. Kippis, vol. vii. p. 581 sqq. Gibbox : 1. c. ch, xxii.-xxiv., particularly xxiii. Xeaxder : Julian u. sein Zeitalter. Leipz. 1812 (his first historical production), and Allg. K. G., iii. (2d ed. 1846), p. 76-148. English ed. Torrey, ii. 37-67. JoxDOT (R. C.) : Histoire de I'empereur Julien. 1817, 2 vols. C. H. VAX Heeweedex : De Juliano imper. religionis christ. hoste, eodemque vindice. Lugd. Bat. 1827. G. F. Wiggees: Jul. der Abtriinnige. Leipz. 1837 (in Illgen's Zeitscbr. f. hist. Theol.). H. SciirLZE : De philos. et moribus Jul. Strals. 1839. D. Fe. Strauss (a»tfem-of-tl*e mytbologiottL-iXebea JesQ "■) : Der Romantiker auf dem Thron der Ciisaren, oder Julian der Abtr. Manh. 1847 (cantainiHg- a-eleap-aiH-vey ^■-the v^arious opinions concerning Julian from Libajiius and Gi:©gery *o-Gtbbt>»,- Sehlosser, Neander, and UUmana^-fewt hiding a political aim against King Frederick William IV. of Prussia). J. E. Auer (R. 0.) : Kaiser Jul. der Abtr. im Kampf mit den Kirchenvatern seiner Zeit. Wien, 1855. W. Maxgold : Jul. der Abtr. Stuttg. 1862. C. Semiscii : Jul. der Abtr. Bresl. 1862. F. Lubker: Julians Kampf u. Eude. Hamb. 1864. ^=^ /r// A 1,*^ '\ .V • \ . » \ . k