western Roman empire in 476. 4. The Justinian age (527-565), which exhibits the Byzan- tine state-church despotism at the height of its power, and at the beginning of its decline. 5. The Gregorian age (590-604) forms the transition from the ancient Graeco-Roman to the mediaeval Romano-Germanic Christianity, and will be more properly included in the church history of the middle ages. CHAPTEE I. DOWNFALL OF HEATHENISM AND VICTOET OF CHRISHANTTY IN THE EOaiAN EJMPIKE. GENERAL LITERATURE. J. G. Hoffmann : Ruina superstitionis paganae. Vitemb. 1738. Tzschie- nek: Der Fall des Heidenthums. Leipz. 1829. A. Beugnot : Histoire de la destruction du paganisme en Occident. Par. 1835. 2 vols. Et. Chastel (of Geneva) : Histoire de la destruction du paganisme dans I'empire d'orient. Par. 1850. E. v. Lasaulx: Der Untergang des Hellenismus u. die Einziebung seiner Tempelgiiter durch die cliristl. Kaiser. Miinch. 1854. F. LtJBKEP. : Der Fall des Heidenthums. Schwerin, 1856. Cn. Merivale: Conversion of the Roman Empire. New York, 1865. § 2. Constantine the Great, a. d. 306-337. 1. Contemporary sources: Lactantius (t 330) : De mortibus persecutorum, cap. 18 sqq. EusEBirs: Hist. eccl. 1. ix. et x. ; also his panegjTic and very partial Vita Constantini, in 4 books (Ets rbv ^lov tov ^uKapiov Kcofaravrlvov tov /3a(TtXfcos), and his Panegyricus or De landibus Con- stantini ; in the editions of the hist, works of Euseb. by Valesius, Par. 1659-1673, Amstel. 1695, Cantabr. 1720; Ziramermann, Frcf. 1822; Heinichen, Lips. 1827-30 ; Burton, Oxon. 1838. Comp. the imperial documents in the Codex Theodos. 1. xvi. also the Letters and Treatises of Athaxasitjs (t373), and on the heathen side the Panegyric of Nazaritjs at Rome (321) and the Caesars of Julian (f 363). 2. Later sources: Socrates: Hist. eccl. 1. i. Sozomenxjs: H. E. 1. i et ii. ZosiMUS (a heathen historian and court-officer, comes et adco- catus fisci^ under Theodosius II.): 'laropla via, 1. ii. ed. Bekker, Bonn. 1837. Eusebius and Zosimus present the extremes of partiality for and against Constantine. A just estimate of his character must be formed from the facts admitted by both, and from the effect of his secular and ecclesiastical policy. f^L^zalht; (^^^-^/^ ^cc^^^-^^-/^^'- § 2. COXSTANTIN'E THE GEEAT. 11 3. Modern authorities. Mosiieim : De reb. Christ, ante Const. M. etc., last section (p. 958 sqq. In Murdock's Engl, transl., vol. ii. p. 454-481). Nath. Lardxer, in the second part of his great work on the Credi- bility of the Gospel History, see Works ed. by Kippis, Lond. 1838, vol. iv. p. 3-55. Abbe de Voisiji : Dissertation critique sur la vision de Constantin. Par. 1774. Gibbox: 1. c. chs. xiv. and xvii.-xxi. Fe. GusTA : Vita di Constantino il Grande. Foligno, 1786. Maxso : Das Leben Constantins des Gr. Bresl. 1817. Hug (E. C.) : Denksclirift zur Ehrenrettung Constant. Freib. 1829. Heixichex : Excurs. in Eus. Vitam Const. 1880. Arexdt (E. C.) : Const, u. sein Verb, znm Christenthum. Tiib. (Quartalschrift) 1834. Milman : Hist, of Chris- tianity, etc., 1840, book iii. ch.