the first great division of the history of Christianity, which, in many respects, is the most important, as the common inheritance of the Greek, Latin, and Evangelical churches. May God bless it as a means to promote the cause of truth, and to kindle tiMrf; devotion to his service which is perfect freedom. -;?^^>. PHILIP SCHAEF. 5 Bible House, ISTew York, Nov. 8, 1866. t CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. THIRD PERIOD. THE CHURCH IX UNION WITH THE ROMAN EMPIRE. FROM CONSTAXTIXE THE GREAT TO GREGORY THE GREAT, A. d. 311-590. PAGE Sources and Literature, .......... 1 § 1. Introduction and General View, 4 CHAPTER I. DOWNFALL OP HEATHENISM AND VICTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Sources and Literature, 10 §2. Constantine the Great : A. D, 306-337, 11 §3. The Sons of Constantine: A. D. 337-361, 37 § 4. Julian the Apostate, and the Reaction of Paganism : a. d. 361-363, . 39 %5. From Jovian to Theodosius: A. D. 363-392, 59 § 6. Theodosius the Great and his Successors : a. d. 392-550, . . . 6S § 7. The DoTiv-nfall of Heathenism, 67 V CHAPTER H. THE LITERARY TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY OVER GREEK AND ROMAN HEATHENISM. Sources and Literature, .... ^ 8. Heathen Polemics. New Objections, § 9. Julian's Attack upon Christianitv, § 10. The Heathen Apologetic Literature, . ■5 11. Christian Apologetics and Polemics, . ■5 12. Augustine's City of God. Salvianus, 72 75 80 Xll TABLE. OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER HI. ALLIANCE OF CHURCH AND STATE, AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC MORALS AND RELIGION. PAGE Sources and Literature, 90 §13. The New Position of the Church in the Empire, .... 91 §14. Rights and Privileges of the Church. Secular Advantages, . . 95 § 15. Support of the Clergy, 100 § 16. Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession, ...... 102 § lY. Legal Sanction of Sunday. The Civil Sabbath, . . . .105 § 18. Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code, . 107 §19. Elevation of Woman and the Family, Ill § 20. Social Reforms. The State-Church and Slavery. Care of the Poor and Unfortunate, . . ... . . . . . . 11,5 §21. AboHtion of Gladiatorial Shows, 120 § 22. Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the Church, 125 § 23. "Worldliuess and Extravagance, 127 § 24-. Byzantine Court-Christianity, 128 §25. Intrusion of Politics into Religion, . . . . . .131 § 26. The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarchy, 133 § 27. Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Persecution of Heretics, . . 138 CHAPTER IV. MONASTICISM. Sources and Literature, 147 § 28. Origin of Christian Monasticism. Comparison witli other Forms of Asceticism, 148 §29. Development of Monasticism, 156 §30. Nature and Aim of Monasticism, 158 § 31. Monasticism and the Bible, 160 §32. Lights and Shades of Monastic Life, 163 §33. Position of Monks in the Church, 173 § 34. Influence and Eifect of Monasticism, 174 §35. Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony, 179 §36. Spread of