read_json support for orient="table"
State: closed

- [X] closes #18912 and 
closes #9146
- [X] tests added / passed
- [X] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [x] whatsnew entry

This is a starting point for ``read_json`` supporting ``orient='table'`` for basic types. I'm explicitly raising in the instances that don't work, namely timezone aware datetimes and``Timedelta``. I marked floats with no decimal values as an xfail (these are being converted to ``int64`` by the ``_try_convert_data`` method). 

``Timedelta`` would be best fixed in a separate change providing a constructor equivalent to the ``isoformat`` method (see #19040).

The new tests could also all be parametrized, but I've kept as is before going too far with this change in case of feedback
  
  
  

Labels:
name: Reshaping
description: Concat, Merge/Join, Stack/Unstack, Explode
name: IO JSON
description: read_json, to_json, json_normalize

Comments:
# [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#19039](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/f2d8db1acccd73340988af9ad5874252fd5c3967?src=pr&el=desc) will **increase** coverage by `<.01%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039/graphs/tree.svg?height=150&width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #19039      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.53%   91.54%   +<.01%     
==========================================
  Files         148      148              
  Lines       48688    48729      +41     
==========================================
+ Hits        44566    44607      +41     
  Misses       4122     4122
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `89.91% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| #single | `41.6% <17.02%> (-0.03%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/io/json/table\_schema.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2pzb24vdGFibGVfc2NoZW1hLnB5) | `98.19% <100%> (+0.97%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/json/json.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2pzb24vanNvbi5weQ==) | `92.6% <100%> (+0.03%)` | :arrow_up: |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [f2d8db1...36cab57](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/19039?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).

cc @TomAugspurger 
thanks @WillAyd very nice! keep em coming!