CLN: minor cleaning of Categorical.__init__
State: closed

At a certain point in the Categorical init, we should for clarity only use ``dtype`` and not intermix ``categories`` or ``ordered``.

This small PR does that.

Labels:
name: Categorical
description: Categorical Data Type
name: Clean

Comments:
# [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#24402](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/3e0358d869f8a76b3223e8bb313a92edbaa369db?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `<.01%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #24402      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage    92.3%    92.3%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         162      162              
  Lines       51875    51871       -4     
==========================================
- Hits        47883    47879       -4     
  Misses       3992     3992
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `90.71% <100%> (-0.01%)` | :arrow_down: |
| #single | `42.99% <66.66%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2NhdGVnb3JpY2FsLnB5) | `95.29% <100%> (-0.03%)` | :arrow_down: |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [3e0358d...be3832d](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).

# [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#24402](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/3e0358d869f8a76b3223e8bb313a92edbaa369db?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `<.01%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #24402      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage    92.3%    92.3%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         162      163       +1     
  Lines       51875    51944      +69     
==========================================
+ Hits        47883    47946      +63     
- Misses       3992     3998       +6
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `90.71% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| #single | `42.99% <100%> (-0.01%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2NhdGVnb3JpY2FsLnB5) | `95.3% <100%> (-0.02%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2RhdGV0aW1lcy5weQ==) | `97.77% <0%> (-0.47%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL3RpbWVkZWx0YXMucHk=) | `86.85% <0%> (-0.31%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/datetimelike.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2RhdGV0aW1lbGlrZS5weQ==) | `96.35% <0%> (-0.16%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy90aW1lZGVsdGFzLnB5) | `90.42% <0%> (-0.03%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/period.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL3BlcmlvZC5weQ==) | `98.49% <0%> (-0.01%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZXMucHk=) | `96.33% <0%> (-0.01%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/base.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9iYXNlLnB5) | `96.27% <0%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/\_ranges.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL19yYW5nZXMucHk=) | `98.66% <0%> (ø)` | |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZWxpa2UucHk=) | `97.29% <0%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| ... and [2 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402/diff?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [3e0358d...f8034cf](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24402?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).

lgtm. can you run the asv's for categoricals to make sure nothing has changed; we recently had some optimization here which depended on certain checks.
I have some problem getting asv working. I don’t think this can have a performance effect now, after the change after @jschendel comments...
thanks @topper-123