是松豐三郎

是松豐三郎（rm=Korematsu Toyosaburou、Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu，Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu）為一位二戰居住於美國西岸的日裔美國人。在日本偷襲美國的珍珠港事變發生後，時任美國總統的富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福發布第9066號行政命令，授權將領設定軍事區，並將該區之日裔人士監禁於集中營。此刻是松豐三郎拒絕服從，成為逃亡人士，從舊金山逃入奧克蘭地區，之後於聖利安卓被逮捕並定罪。

**生平**

**初期**
1944年，是松訴合眾國案得到美國最高法院的支持，認為第9066號行政命令以及對是松的定罪判決合憲；但是事後揭露的事證質疑了設置日裔美國人集中營的必要性，因此美國政府也對受難的日裔美國人進行賠償。

**去世後**
作為人權鬥士，2011年加利福尼亞州以是松豐三郎生日作為紀念日；2015年維吉尼亞州跟進，成為制定是松豐三郎紀念日的第二個州。此外2009年起並設有是松豐三郎紀念機構（Fred T. Korematsu Institute）。
2018年，最高法院裁決支持總統特朗普的旅行禁令，並駁回「是松訴合眾國案」裁定。

**相關條目**
 第9066號行政命令- 日裔美國人囚禁- 是松訴合眾國案

**參考文獻**

**延伸閱讀**
 dead-url=no- cite news | url = http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/02/2013221132449785849.html | title = Fred Korematsu: Why ignore a true hero? | accessdate = January 30, 2017 | newspaper = Al Jazeera | archive-date = 2020-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200806190024/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/02/2013221132449785849.html | dead-url = no - cite news | url = http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002226476_webkorematsuobit31.html | title = Fred Korematsu, 86, fought World War II internment, dies | accessdate = November 4, 2007 | author = Claudia Luther | date = March 31, 2005 | newspaper = The Seattle Times | archive-date = 2011-09-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110921014915/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002226476_webkorematsuobit31.html | dead-url = no - cite news | url = http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=151004 | title = Hirabayashi Speaks on Internment | accessdate = November 4, 2007 | author = Kyle D. Hawkins | date = March 24, 1999 | work = The Harvard Crimson | archive-date = 2009-04-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090412180742/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=151004 | dead-url = no - year = 1998 - Cite news | last = Daniels| first = Roger | title = Prisoners Without Trial : Japanese Americans in World War II| newspaper=New York: Hill & Wang |year = 2004 - cite news| last = Sitomer| first = Curtis| title = Racism in the US: lessons to learn from Japanese internment| newspaper = The Christian Science Monitor| date = November 3, 1983| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/1983/1103/110306.html| accessdate = March 3, 2011| archive-date = 2020-11-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201128161902/https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/1103/110306.html| dead-url = no- cite news| url = http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-18-3-a.html| title = Wartime and the Bill of Rights: The Korematsu Case| newspaper = Bill of Rights in Action| publisher = Constitutional Rights Foundation| date = March 4, 2002| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110110224834/http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-18-3-a.html| archivedate = January 10, 2011- cite news| url = http://sunnylandsclassroom.org/Asset.aspx?id=1427| title = A Conversation on the Constitution with Justices Stephen G. Breyer, Sandra Day O'Connor and Anthony M. Kennedy: The Importance of the Japanese Internment Cases| accessdate = June 14, 2010| publisher = Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnylands| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103023/http://sunnylandsclassroom.org/Asset.aspx?id=1427| archive-date = 2016-03-05| dead-url = yes

**參見**
 平林高登- 安井稔- 民權運動

**外部連結**
  "One person can make a difference.  Even if it takes 40 years." Fred Korematsu Day, 1/30/2014 date=20180217205950 -  Topaz Japanese-American Relocation Center Digital Collection date=20190112215251 -   Japanese Relocation (1943 FILM- viewable for free at not-for profit- The Internet Archive)