單倍群O-M122

單倍群O-M122（Haplogroup O-M122）是人類Y染色體DNA單倍群之一，現稱O2（舊稱O3）， 是單倍群O-M175的下游單倍群之一。

**起源與分佈**
單倍群O-M122於2萬5千年至3萬年前首次出現於東亞南部。該單倍群目前主要分佈於東亞、玻里尼西亞、東南亞、中亞、南亞等。O-M122的主要下游單倍群包括（以下均採用ISOGG 2017版命名）:O2a2a-M188、O2a1b-IMS-JST002611、O2a2b1a1-M117、O2a2b1a2-F114、O2a2b2-AM01822、O2b-F742等。O2a2a-M188主要分佈在中國偏南部、東南亞等，O2a2a1a1b2b2-MF114497主要分佈在在朝鮮半島、日本列島等地，O2a1b-IMS-JST002611、O2a2b1a1-M117、O2a2b1a2-F114是漢族主要的單倍群之一，也常見於如朝鮮族、滿族、赫哲族、錫伯族、漠南蒙古、土族等東亞民族，M117也常見於藏緬語族人群，例如緬族、彝族與藏族等，F114下游的O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1b-Y22297在哈薩克族乃蠻部中高頻分佈，O2a2b2-AM01822主要分佈在中國華北偏東部、波利尼西亞、菲律賓等地，O2b-F742主要分佈於中國東部沿海省份等地。

**在人群中的比重**
}
P201=146M324(xP201)=76M122(xM324)=2
藏族(雲南香格里拉縣)
0.440
50
2004
M122
苗族
2009
 
彝族
2004
 
拉祜族
2009
 
Bit (Laos)
0.429
28
2011
M122
滿族 (東北)
0.426
101
2005
M122=43
韓民族 (首爾)
0.422
573
2012
M122
韓民族 (大德區)
0.414
133
2012
M122
Hmong Daw (寮國)
0.412
51
2011
M122
越南人
2001
 
傣族
2005
 
東幹族 (吉爾吉斯)
0.40
40
2001
M122
藏族
0.400
35
2006
M117=13M134(xM117)=1
中國朝鮮族
0.400
25
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6M117=4
撣族(泰國北部)
0.400
20
2017
M117=7M7=1
中部泰族
0.395
129
2019
F8/F42*=17M7=11JST002611=10F474/F317=4F323/F46=4M159=2F2055/CTS445=1F2137=1F837=1
韓民族 (南韓)
0.395
43
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=7M134(xM117)=5M117=5
越南人
2009
 
北部泰族
0.390
205
2017
O-M117=46O-M7=17O-M324(xM7, M134)=16O-M122(xM324)=1
孟族(泰國北部)
0.389
18
2017
M117=4M324(xM7, M134)=3
布朗族 (雲南)
0.385
52
2011
M122
北部泰族(Khon Mueang & Tai Yuan)
0.384
86
2019
F8/F42=24M7=7JST002611=1F999/F717=1
滿族
2001
 
菲律賓人(他加祿)
0.380
50
2004
M122
越南哈尼族
0.375
24
2014
M7=3M134(xM133)=3M133=1JST002611=1M159=1
Manchu
0.371
35
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6M117=5M134(xM117)=2
漢族 (蘭州)
0.367
30
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6M117=3M134(xM117)=2
拉祜族
2004
 
羌族
0.364
33
2006
M134(xM117)=4M117=3M122(xM159, M7, M134)=3M7=2
緬族 (緬甸)
0.361
72
date=May 2023
Page23=26
印尼婆羅洲
0.360
86
2010
M122
韓民族
0.356
45
2001
M122
巴哼語 (廣西瑤族)
0.355
31
2011
M122
菲律賓人
0.354
48
2010
M122
西部裕固語(甘肅突厥)
2008
 
泰族(清邁 & 坤敬府)
0.353
34
20092004
M122
傣允族(泰國北部)
0.346
26
2017
M324(xM7, M134)=4M117=3M7=2
Tharu
0.345
171
2009
M134
越南京族 (河內)
0.342
76
2012
M122
韓民族 (首爾)
0.341
85
2005
M122=29
藏族
0.340
156
2007
M122
瑤族 (巴馬瑤族自治縣)
0.343
35
2006
M7=12
哈薩克族 (SE Altai)
0.337
89
2011
M134(xM117, P101)
泰沅(泰國)
0.329
85
2017
M117=15M7=5M122(xM324)=5M134(xM117)=3
傣族(雲南西雙版納傣族自治州)
0.327
52
2016
O-M133=13O-M7=2O-F444=1O-JST002611=1
波利尼西亞人
2000
 
藏族
2004
 
Khasi
2007
 
寮族(寮國龍坡邦)
0.32
25
2012
M122
Eastern Yugur
2008
 
馬來族
2001
 
布依族
0.314
35
2006
M7=6M134(xM117)=3M117=1M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
喀爾喀蒙古族
2011
 
菲律賓人
0.308
146
2014
P164(xM134)=26JST002611=7M7=3M133=3M134(xM133)=2P201(xM159, M7, P164)=2M159=1M324(xKL1, P201)=1
漢族 (平話)
2008
 
撒拉族
0.302
43
2003
M122
侗族
0.300
20
2004
M134=3M122(xM7, M134)=3
泰國
0.293
75
2014
M133(xM162)=10M7=5M134(xM133)=3JST002611=2P164(xM134)=1M122(xM324)=1
中國朝鮮族
0.291
79
2005
M122=23
卡西族
2007
 
壯族
2000
 
內蒙古
0.289
45
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=5M117=5M134(xM117)=3
傣仂族(泰國北部)
0.286
91
2017
O-M117=16O-M7=6O-M324(xM7, M134)=3O-M122(xM324)=1
壯族
0.286
28
2004
M134=7M122(xM7, M134)=1
寮族(Vientiane & Luang Prabang)
0.275
40
2019
F8/F42=6M7=2M188(xM7)=2P164(xF8,F46,F4110,F706,F717)=1
保安族
0.273
44
2003
M122
錫伯族
0.268
41
2006
M134(xM117)=5M122(xM159, M7, M134)=4M117=2
密克羅尼西亞(大洋洲)
2000
 
孟族 (泰國)
0.267
105
2019
F8/F42=15M7=4F323/F46=4JST002611=3F2859=1M122(x002611,M188,P164,F837)=1
達斡爾族
0.256
39
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=7M117=3
玻里尼西亞
20052006
 
Bunu (Guangxi)
0.25
36
2011
M122
馬來族(鄰近吉隆坡)
0.25
12
2004
M122
壯族 (廣西)
0.247
166
2006
M122(xM121, M134)=23M117=9M134(xM117)=7M121=2
日本族 (Kyūshū)
0.240
104
2004
M122
東鄉族
2003
 
Manchurian Evenks
2001
 
Thai (Northern Thailand)
0.235
17
2012
M122
Japanese (Kagawa)
0.234
47
2006
M117=8M134(xM117)=2M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Mosuo (Ninglang, Yunnan)
0.234
47
2004
M122
Evenks (China)
0.231
26
2006
M117=4M134(xM117)=1M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Mongolia(mainly Khalkhs)
0.228
149
2005
M134=24M122(xM134)=10
Zhuang(Napo County, Guangxi)
0.222
63
date=May 2023
M117=5M122(xM188, M134)=4M188=3M134(xM117)=2
Lawa(Northern Thailand)
0.220
50
2017
M324(xM7, M134)=6M117=5
Mal (Laos)
0.220
50
2011
M122
Cambodian (Siem Reap)
0.216
125
2006
M122
Japanese (Tokushima)
0.214
70
2005
M134=11M122(xM134, LINE)=2LINE=2
Newar
0.212
66
2007
M117
Lao Isan
0.210
62
2019
M7=6F8=4JST002611=3
Blang
2009
 
Okinawans
2007
 
Tai Khün(Northern Thailand)
0.208
24
2017
M117=4M134(xM117)=1
Kathmandu, Nepal
0.208
77
2007
M324
Sui
0.200
50
2004
M134=10
Yi (Shuangbai, Yunnan)
0.20
50
2004
M122(xM7)
Japanese (Shizuoka)
0.197
61
2005
M122(xM134, LINE)=7M134=5
Khmu (Laos)
0.196
51
2011
M122
Dongxiang
0.196
46
2003
M122
Oroqen
0.194
31
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=2M7=2M134(xM117)=1M117=1
Khalkh (Mongolia)
0.188
85
2005
M122=16
Japanese (Miyazaki)
0.183
1285
2021
M134=118M122(xM134)=117
Japanese (Tokyo)
0.179
56
2016
M117=5M134(xM117)=3JST002611=2
Hani
0.176
34
2006
M134(xM117)=3M117=2M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Micronesia
0.176
17
2005
M122(xM134, LINE)=3
Hui
0.171
35
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=4M134(xM117)=1M117=1
Kalmyk (Khoshuud)
0.171
82
2013
M122=14
Japanese
0.167
263
2007
M122
Mandar (Sulawesi)
0.167
54
2010
M122
Mulam (Luocheng)
0.167
42
2003
JST002611=3M134(xM117)=3M117=1
Japanese (Kantō)
0.162
117
2005
M122=19
Thai
2009
 
Zhuang
2001
 
Aheu (Laos)
0.158
38
2011
M122
Bugan (Yunnan)
0.156
32
2011
M122
Okinawans
0.156
45
2005
M122(xM134, LINE)=3LINE=3M134=1
Uygur (Yili)
0.154
39
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=2M134(xM117)=2M117=2
Japanese (Aomori)
0.154
26
2005
M134=3M122(xM134, LINE)=1
Cambodia
2009
 
Cham(Binh Thuan, Vietnam)
0.136
59
2012
M122
Java(mainly sampled in Dieng)
0.131
61
2010
M122
Aboriginal Taiwanese
0.126
223
2004
M122
Uighur (Kazakhstan)
0.122
41
2001
M122
Uzbek (Bukhara)
0.121
58
2001
M122
Ulchi
0.115
52
date=May 2023
O-M122(xP201)=6
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan)
0.114
44
2001
M122
Utsat (Sanya, Hainan)
0.111
72
2013
M117=3M122(xM159, M117)=3M159=2
Outer Mongolian
0.108
65
2006
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=3M117=3M134(xM117)=1
Bo (Laos)
0.107
28
2011
M122
Tibetans
2008
 
Maluku Islands
0.1
30
2010
M122
Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
0.093
54
2001
M122
Bouyei
0.089
45
2004
M122(xM7, M134)=2M7=1M134=1
Pumi (Ninglang, Yunnan)
0.085
47
2004
M122(xM7)
Zakhchin (Mongolia)
0.083
60
2005
M122=5
Mongols
0.083
24
2001
M122
Balinese (Bali)
0.073
641
2010
M122
Japanese
0.068
59
2016
P198
Uriankhai (Mongolia)
0.067
60
2005
M122=4
Sinte (Uzbekistan)
0.067
15
2001
M122
Uygur (Urumqi)
0.065
31
2006
M134(xM117)=1M117=1
Iranian (Esfahan)
0.063
16
2001
M122
Kalmyk (Dörwöd)
0.061
165
2013
M122=10
Flores
0.046
394
2010
M122
Buryat
0.040
298
2014
M324(xM134)=5M134(xM117)=4M117=3
Buyei
2005
 
Kalmyk (Torguud)
0.033
150
2013
M122=5
Kazakhs (SW Altai)
0.033
30
2011
M134(xM117, P101)
Munda(Jharkhand)
0.032
94
date=May 2023
M134=3
Burusho
0.031
97
2007
M122
Li
0.029
34
2006
M134(xM117)=1
Sumba
0.029
350
2010
M122
Khoton (Mongolia)
0.025
40
2005
M122=1
Naxi (Lijiang, Yunnan)
0.025
40
2004
M134
Rajbanshi(West Bengal)
0.022
45
date=May 2023
M134=1
Pathan
0.010
96
2007
M122
Pakistan
0.005
638
2007
M122

**註釋**

**參考文獻**
pmid=17381059
*bibcode=2011PLoSO...624282C
*first4=M
*display-authors=8
*pmc=1852741
*issue=1
*bibcode=2012PLoSO...736437H
*pmc=1199379
*bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.4210J
*pmid=17185165
*pmc=1235490
*display-authors=8
*pmid=15716011
*display-authors=8
*pages=551–562
*bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..172K
*issue=1
*issue=1
*pmid=17274803
*bibcode=2007PLoSO...2.1141R
*issue=1
*cite journal|last1=Su|doi=10.1073/pnas.97.15.8225|quote=*H6 (=O-M122(xO-M7, O-M134)) in 18/73=24.7% *H8 (=O-M134) in 2/73=2.7% for a total of 20/73=27.4% O-M122 in a pool of seven samples from Micronesia. *13/40=32.5% O-M122(xM7,M134) in a pool of three samples from Polynesia. *9/27=33.3% H6 (=O-M122(xM7,M134)) *6/27=22.2% H8 (=O-M134) for a total of 15/27=55.6% O-M122 in "Malay" sample *2/19=10.5% H6 (=O-M122(xM7,M134)) in "Kota Kinabalu" sample.|title=Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome|year=2000|first1=B.|last2=Jin|first2=L.|last3=Underhill|first3=P.|last4=Martinson|first4=J.|last5=Saha|first5=N.|last6=McGarvey|first6=S. T.|last7=Shriver|first7=M. D.|last8=Chu|first8=J.|last9=Oefner|first9=P.|last10=Chakraborty|first10=R.|last11=Deka|first11=R.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=97|issue=15|pages=8225–8228|display-authors=8|bibcode=2000PNAS...97.8225S
*display-authors=8
*pmid=14997363
*pmid=12759817
*bibcode=2001PNAS...9810244W
*bibcode=2004Natur.431..302W
*pmc=1181980
*display-authors=8
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719213541/http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YCXB200410000.htm
*display-authors=8
*issue=1
*pmid=18428013- accessdate=2017-04-07