劍線蟲屬

劍線蟲屬（學名：Xiphinema），又名匕首線蟲屬tttsay1，是一種棲息於植物根部的潛移性tttsay1外寄生線蟲動物Whitehead1998。本屬物種會對農作物造成巨大經濟損失，能影響葡萄、草莓、酒花及其他經濟作物。主要物種計有：標準劍線蟲（X. index）、美洲劍線蟲（X. americanum）、X. diversicaudatum, X. italiae及X. pachtaicumEvans 1993。其細長的身體及長直的stylet是其型態特徵，以便於直接刺穿植物的表皮至其維管組織nemaplex。本屬不同物種會對植物的根部造成中等至大量的傷害：這些線蟲穿透植物的根部，部分物種還會在根部造成蟲癭Evans 1993。

**型態學**
劍線蟲的體型在線蟲動物來說算是比較大，其成蟲的體長有1.5mm – 5.0mmWhitehead1998。

**系統分類學**
本屬現時列有296個物種，當中包括234個已接受物種，49 個異名及13個有待確定的物種YuHe。

**物種列表**
下列為本屬部分物種：- Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991- Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986- Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988- 美國劍線蟲  Xiphinema americana- 美洲劍線蟲 Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913- Xiphinema artemisiae Chizhov & al., 1986- 貝克劍線蟲 Xiphinema bakeri Williams - Xiphinema barense Lamberti & al., 1986- Xiphinema basilgoodeyi Coomans, 1965- Xiphinema belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992- 短頸劍線蟲 Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961- Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995- 加州劍線蟲 Xiphinema californicum- 錢伯斯劍線蟲 Xiphinema chambersi Thorne- Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991- Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964
** Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964
** Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985- Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978- Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979- Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988.- 變尾劍線蟲 Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines，裂尾劍線蟲、異尾劍線蟲- Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989.- Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993.- 臺灣劍線蟲 Xiphinema elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938- Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989.- 絲尾劍線蟲 Xiphinema filicaudatum Loof et Maas- Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988.- Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993.- Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978.- Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994.- Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993.- Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.- 喜溼劍線蟲 Xiphinema hygrophilum Southey et Luc- Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.- Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983.- 不明劍線蟲 Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.- 標準劍線蟲 Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950.- Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964.- Xiphinema insigne- Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.- 意大利劍線蟲 Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953- Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988- Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993- Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993- Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993- Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983- Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999- Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989- Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992- Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982- Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969- 西剖劍線蟲 Xiphinema occiduum- Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961.- Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938).- Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983.- Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996- Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986- Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985- Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936- Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991- Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938- Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993- 裡弗斯劍線蟲 Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998- Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983- Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992- 索恩劍線蟲 Xiphinema thornei- Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964- 猶他劍線蟲 Xiphinema utahense- Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998- Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964.

**分佈**
本屬物種分佈於全世界，當中兩個在經濟上很重要的物種，即：標準劍線蟲 X.index及美洲劍線蟲 X.americanum都在美國加州很常見，對當地酒莊造成影響。X. diversicaudatum亦見於美國其他部份地區、歐洲及澳大利亞。

**參考文獻**

**外部連結==