旋螺屬

旋螺屬（學名：Gyraulus），又名圓口扁蜷屬shell_1898，為腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科，體型細小，大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺page1=126。部分物種乃中國特有物種。
本屬物種最早出現的時間，根據化石紀錄，可以上推至早白堊世，一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的熱河群義縣組的湖底沉積物（具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省的下莊鄉）發現本屬物種的化石，年代可上遡至1.25億年前。
微細的物種Gyraulus crista在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種，這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸，而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜。

**分佈**
本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區。

**習性**
旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。

**型態描述**
螺殼半透明，質薄，體型小，而且大多數都是平旋殼shell_1898。

**物種**
，WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個，當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個WoRMS_153936。過往旋螺屬的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬：- subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905- subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967- subgenus Armiger Hartmann, 1843
但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。
以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種：
亞屬 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843- Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nautilus ramshorn- † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)- † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973) - † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875) - † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) - † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881) - † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922) - † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) - † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903)
亞屬 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929: represented as Gyraulus
亞屬 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837- † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981 - † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979- † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881) - † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897 - † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894) - 中華旋螺 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)- † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830) - † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884) - † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884) - † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859) - † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903) - † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854) - † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860) - † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860) - † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007- Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)- † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897)- † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903) - † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892) - † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878) - † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007- † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919)- † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897) - † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903) - † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902) - † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903) - † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902)- † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906) - † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893) - † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)- † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893) - † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902) - † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890) - † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902)- † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842) - Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007- † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897) - † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897) - † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845) - † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886) - Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881)- † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919) - † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922)- † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)- † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903) - † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865) - † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 
亞屬 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967: represented as Gyraulis
亞屬 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872- Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852)
亞屬 Torquis Dall, 1905- Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
亞屬 ?- Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)- † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877)  - Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953- Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn- † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862) - † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969) - †  Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) - Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904)- † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932 - † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879)- † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903) - Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007- Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916)- † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)- † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)- † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866)- 凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus  - Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850)- † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846) - Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848)- Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959- † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953) - † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851) - Gyraulus deflectus  date=20090703185643 - † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880)- † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896) - Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001- † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953) - Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013- † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837)- Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013  - Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882)- Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983- Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)- Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959- † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902) - † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897) - Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848)- † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953)- † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) - Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852)- † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927) - † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894)- Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934- Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005- Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007- Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)- Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931)- † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) - Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013- † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014 - Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)- † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) - Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013- Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928- † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892) - † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 †- Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876)- Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007- † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870) - † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012- † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919 - † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †- † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846) - Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009- Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)- Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)- † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?) - † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927) - † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953) - † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944 - † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993 - † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) - † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892) - † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897) - † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) - † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†- † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902) - Gyraulus riparius- Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852)- Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955- Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850)- † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) - † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 - † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932 - † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892) - † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 - † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) - Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007- Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884)- † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944 - † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902) - 圓口扁蜷 Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859)- Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953- † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852) - † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953) - Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013- Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934- Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938)- Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †- Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929- † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) - † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953) - † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944 -  Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)- † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862) - † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892) - † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 - Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885)- † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
Species inquerenda:- Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907- Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy:- Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)- † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) -  †  Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of  † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) - † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of  † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

**參考文獻**

**外部連結**
 taxon=Gyraulus-  BioLib taxonomy info date=20161002171406 - Gyraulus images date=20210210104021  at  Consortium for the Barcode of Life