荷蘭西印度公司

特許西印度公司（Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie，簡稱GWC），通稱荷蘭西印度公司，創建於1621年6月3日，是荷蘭在聯省共和國時期仿東印度公司模式建立的特許公司，被荷蘭政府特許在巴西、加勒比海群島和北美洲為進行大西洋奴隸貿易。成立之初只是為了打破西班牙及葡萄牙對西方貿易權的壟斷，以及將對西戰爭的壓力從本土轉移到泛大西洋地區。在十七世紀初期到十八世紀曾對整個西半球的貿易，殖民，海盜等各方面擁有巨大的影響力。公司於1674年因債務未償還而解體，但因為販賣農奴的高額利潤和巨大需求，以及現存的諸多殖民地的，第二家西印度公司於1675年誕生，史稱為第二西印度公司或新西印度公司。主要航線與第一家重疊，所有的船舶等財產歸第二西印度公司所有。它大約擁有六百萬荷蘭盾的資產，其中主要由阿姆斯特丹分部貢獻。第二西印度公司在1792年關閉，爾後在1800年左右還出現「第三西印度公司」，但未成功建立。

**相關條目**
荷蘭共和國
*荷蘭王國
*荷蘭帝國
*新尼德蘭
*荷屬安的列斯
*荷蘭東印度公司
*蘇里南
*新阿姆斯特丹
*荷屬美洲殖民地

**參考資料**
張亞中，小國崛起——轉捩點上的關鍵抉擇，聯經出版事務股份有限公司，2008年，ISBN 978-957-08-3247-1
荷蘭西印度公司阿姆斯特丹會所旗幟。
荷蘭西印度公司阿姆斯特丹會所標誌。

**延伸閱讀**
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