加爾維涅·穆古拉扎

加爾維涅·穆古拉扎·布蘭科（Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco，catIdx=Muguruza, Garbiñe），已退役的西班牙女子網球運動員，單打最高世界排名第一，兩座大滿貫得主。
蒙奎露薩於2014年法國網球公開賽擊敗時任世界第一小威廉絲，打入八強而一戰成名，並且在2016年法國網球公開賽闖入決賽，再度擊敗小威廉絲，奪得生涯首座大滿貫女單冠軍。2017年溫布頓網球錦標賽決賽，梅古露莎擊敗賽會五屆冠軍大威廉絲奪冠，成為21世紀以來，威廉絲姊妹以外第五位溫網女單冠軍，更是史上第一位在女單大滿貫，於決賽成功擊敗大威廉絲與小威廉絲兩人的女子網球員。梅古露莎在2017年9月11日的WTA排名登上女子單打第一位，成為史上第24位世界球-{後}-。

**家庭和個人生活**
穆古拉扎的父親José Antonio是西班牙人，母親Scarlet Blanco是委內瑞拉人。

**網球生涯**

**2012**
2012年索尼愛立信公開賽，穆古拉扎收到外卡得以參賽，第二輪直落兩盤擊敗曾排名前世界第二的薇拉·茲沃納列娃，第三輪擊敗弗拉維婭·佩內塔，第四輪敗給最終奪冠的阿格涅什卡·拉德萬斯卡。

**2013**
2013年巴黎銀行公開賽，穆古拉扎從資格賽打進到會內賽的第四輪，才輸給安赫利奎·克柏，接著又收到2013年索尼愛立信公開賽的外卡，第三輪擊敗前界第一卡羅琳·沃茲尼亞奇，第四輪敗給世界第二李娜。

**2014：突破**
穆古拉紮在澳網前的熱身賽，荷巴特國際賽闖入決賽，以直落二盤擊敗克拉拉·扎科帕洛娃，獲得職業生涯第一個WTA級別冠軍。
2014年澳洲網球公開賽，穆古拉紮在第三輪再次擊敗前界第一卡羅琳·沃茲尼亞奇，但在第四輪再次敗給阿格涅什卡·拉德萬斯卡。
澳網後，穆古拉扎參加巴西弗洛裡亞諾波利斯舉行的巴西網球盃（Brasil Tennis Cup），她闖入決賽，但取得一盤領先的情況下，被對手克拉拉·扎科帕洛娃連得兩盤，獲得亞軍。
2014年法國網球公開賽，穆古拉紮在第二輪爆冷擊敗上屆冠軍沙蓮娜·威廉絲，接著一路打進八強，敗給最終奪冠的瑪麗亞·莎拉波娃，但已創下個人大滿貫最佳成績。

**2015**
major quarterfinal at the 2015 French Open.
Muguruza's first event of the year was to be the Brisbane International but she was forced to withdraw from the event due to an ankle injury. The following week, Muguruza chose not to defend her title at the Hobart International and competed at the Sydney International instead, where she reached the quarterfinals, defeating Agnieszka Radwańska for the first time in her career en route. At the Australian Open, she progressed to the fourth round for the second consecutive year with wins over Marina Erakovic, Daniela Hantuchová and Timea Bacsinszky before falling to the eventual champion, Serena Williams in three sets.
Muguruza won both of her singles rubbers in the 2015 Fed Cup World Group II, defeating Irina-Camelia Begu and world No. 3 Simona Halep but Spain lost the tie 3–2 after Muguruza and her compatriot, Anabel Medina Garrigues lost the deciding doubles rubber. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, Muguruza reached her first WTA Premier 5 semi-final in singles, defeating qualifier 婭爾米拉·蓋多紹娃, twelfth seed Jelena Janković, fifth seed Agnieszka Radwańska and thirteenth seed and doubles partner Carla Suárez Navarro before falling to the seventeenth seed and eventual runner-up, Karolína Plíšková in three sets. She also reached the final of the doubles with Suárez Navarro. The following week, Muguruza retired from her first round match against Suárez Navarro at the Qatar Open while trailing 6–5 in the first set.
In March, Muguruza lost to Ka. Plíšková in the third round of the Indian Wells Masters after a second round win over American wildcard Irina Falconi. Despite this, she rose to a career high singles ranking of world No. 19 after the event. A fortnight later, Muguruza reached the third round of the Miami Open after defeating qualifier Sesil Karatantcheva but lost to the eleventh seed Sara Errani after winning the first set.
Muguruza reached the second round of the three clay court events that she competed in leading into the French Open. She lost to second seed Simona Halep in Stuttgart, Kristina Mladenovic in Marrakech and the eventual finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova in Madrid. Muguruza and Suárez Navarro also reached the doubles final of the latter for the second consecutive year but the pair lost in three sets to Casey Dellacqua and Yaroslava Shvedova. Despite failing to win back-to-back matches since February, Muguruza reached her second consecutive French Open quarterfinal, defeating Angelique Kerber and Flavia Pennetta en route, before losing to the eventual runner-up, Lucie Šafářová.
Muguruza made a poor start to the grass court season, losing in the first round of the Birmingham Classic and the third round of the Eastbourne International after a first round bye. However, she and Suárez Navarro won their first grass court doubles title in Birmingham, defeating Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Hradecká in straight sets in the final. At the Wimbledon Championships, Muguruza defeated 10th seed Kerber in the third round, 5th seed Caroline Wozniacki in the fourth round, 15th seed Timea Bacsinszky in the quarterfinals and 13th seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the semi-finals to advance to her maiden Grand Slam final. She played against world No. 1 Serena Williams for the title, but lost in straight sets. After the tournament, Muguruza entered the Top 10 for the first time, moving up to world No. 9 in the WTA Rankings.
During the US Open series, Muguruza did not enjoy much success, dropping her opening matches in Toronto and Cincinnati to qualifiers Lesia Tsurenko and Yaroslava Shvedova respectively. At the US Open, she recorded her first win at the tournament by defeating German Carina Witthöft in the first round. However, she fell short to Johanna Konta in the following round in three sets, the match was a total time of 3 hours and 23 minutes, the longest women's singles match in that tournament's history since the introduction of tiebreaker in 1970.
Muguruza kicked off the Asian swing at the Pan Pacific Open where she successfully advanced to the last eight after defeating Barbora Strýcová before losing to eventual finalist Belinda Bencic in straight sets. At the Wuhan Open, Muguruza successfully cruised into her second straight quarterfinal at the event after dispatching Sloane Stephens and Ana Ivanovic. She then went on to defeat the likes of Anna Karolina Schmiedlova and Kerber to reach the final where she faced Venus Williams but was forced to retire in the second set with an ankle injury. Muguruza was able to crack the Top 5 for the first time in her career after the tournament's conclusion. At the China Open, Muguruza breezed by Irina Falconi before going the distance against Mirjana Lučić-Baroni to advance to the quarterfinals. With the win, Muguruza qualified for the WTA Finals for the first time. She will be the first Spaniard to compete at the year-end championships since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 2001. She then beat Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Radwańska to advance to her maiden Premier Mandatory final. With her semifinal win over Radwańska, Muguruza cracked the Top 4 rankings where she reached a career high of world No. 4. She went on to defeat Bacsinszky in straight sets to claim her first Premier Mandatory title and her biggest title of her career.
Muguruza then traveled to Singapore for the WTA Finals, where she went undefeated in the round robin play; beating Petra Kvitová, Angelique Kerber, and Lucie Šafářová. She then lost to eventual champion Agnieszka Radwańska in the semifinals. Muguruza also competed in doubles in Singapore, where she and her compatriot Carla Suárez Navarro reached the final. However, they lost to the number one seeds Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza.

**2016**
穆古拉紮在2016年美國網球公開賽
穆古拉紮在2015年後半年迎來井噴式的狀態爆發後，2016年年初陷入了狀態低迷，布里斯班站退賽後她在澳網第三輪輸給了捷克人斯特里科娃，隨後她在迪拜和多哈兩站公開賽中接連負於斯維託麗娜和佩特科維奇。來到強制賽印第安維爾斯，她首輪輪空後第二輪就輸給了本土選手麥克哈爾，邁阿密站第二輪苦戰擊敗齊布爾科娃之後在第四輪負於北美背靠背奪冠的阿紮倫卡。
進入紅土賽季，穆古拉扎的狀態有所恢復，在斯圖加特站打進8強負於科維託娃，馬德里站第二輪負於羅馬尼亞人貝古，羅馬站打入本年度首個半決賽，直落兩盤負於美國人凱斯。進入法網，首輪和賽季連敗的施米德洛娃陷入苦戰，最終三盤淘汰對手，之後穆古拉扎狀態神勇，接連戰勝庫茲涅佐娃，斯托瑟等強手，決賽直落兩盤擊敗連續四天作戰的頭號種子小威廉姆斯，取得對對手法網兩連勝的同時也獲得了職業生涯首個單打大滿貫冠軍。

**2017**
Muguruza started the season at the Brisbane International, being the no. 4 seed. She made a run to the quarterfinals after three-set wins over Sam Stosur and Daria Kasatkina, and a straight sets win over Svetlana Kuznetsova. She then retired in the first set of her semifinal match against Alizé Cornet due to injury. At the Australian Open, Muguruza beat Marina Erakovic, Samantha Crawford, Anastasija Sevastova and Sorana Cîrstea en route to her first ever quarterfinal at the tournament. She then lost to Coco Vandeweghe in straight sets.
Muguruza then played the Fed Cup quarter-finals, where she beat Barbora Strycova in three sets before losing to Karolina Pliskova. Spain ended up losing the tie 2-3. During the Gulf Swing, she beat Cagla Buyukakcay in Doha, before succumbing to Zhang Shuai in three sets. She then retired in her first match at Dubai against Kateryna Bondarenko, due to injury. At Indian Wells, Muguruza advanced to the quarterfinals, beating Kirsten Flipkens, 17-year-old Kayla Day, and  Elina Svitolina en route. She then lost to world no.3 Karolina Pliskova in two tiebreaks.

**2021：重回世界前十，WTA總決賽冠軍，年終第3**
蒙奎露薩在阿布扎比開始2021賽季，在那裡她擊敗了艾莉克珊德拉·薩諾維琪和克里斯蒂娜·美拉德諾維奇贏得了勝利，然後輸給了瑪麗亞·莎卡瑞。澳大利亞雅拉山谷精英賽中，蒙奎露薩在與艾莉森·範·愛特凡珂，安娜斯塔西亞·帕夫柳琴科娃，索菲亞·科寧和馬克·塔·馮杜洛索娃的比賽中僅丟十局過關，這是她自2020年澳網公開賽決賽以來的首個巡迴賽決賽。在決賽中，她輸給了世界第一的阿什莉·巴蒂。
在2021年澳大利亞公開賽上，蒙奎露薩繼續保持良好的狀態，贏得了瑪格麗塔·加斯帕揚，劉德米拉·薩姆諾諾娃和扎裡娜·迪亞斯的勝利，這是她連續第二週第二次參加澳大利亞公開賽。在第四輪中，她三盤輸給了最終的冠軍大阪直美，決勝局中她在取得兩個賽點後被逆轉。
作為迪拜網球錦標賽9號種子選手，她以八局直接戰勝了伊琳娜-卡梅利亞·貝古、阿曼達·阿尼西莫娃和最近的法國公開賽冠軍伊加·斯維亞特克進入了八強。然後，她從一盤集錦上脫穎而出，重演多哈戰勝阿麗娜·薩巴倫卡的比賽，闖入了她的第三場迪拜半決賽。從而連續第二次闖入決賽，並在本年度的第三局中以直落局擊敗了巴博拉·克雷吉茨科娃，獲得了冠軍。這是她自2017年辛辛那提奪冠後獲得的最高級別冠軍，也是自2019年蒙特雷奪冠後的首個冠軍。

**大滿貫**

**女單冠軍（2）**

**女單亞軍（2）**

**參考來源**

**外部連結**
 15292- id=100103866-  Fed Cup - Player profile - Garbine MUGURUZA (ESP)date=20150217052103