中觀應成派

中觀應成派（），又稱隨應破派、必過性空派，大乘佛教中觀學派之下的支派之一，由佛護、月稱建立。這個派別的學說未傳入漢傳佛教，但在藏傳佛教傳承下來。後世的格魯派主要採取他們的見解，並將此認定為中觀派的主流。p=386, note 12

**名稱**
此派得名於他們使用的辯論技巧。他們採用隨應破（prasaṅga）的方式來闡述空性。清辯採用自立量來作為辯論技巧，與他們形成對立，被稱為中觀自續派（svātantrika）。
隨應破，又譯為墮過，最早起源於龍樹《中論》。本意為「墮於過失」，這種辯論技巧認為對方的主張中必有過失，尋找出其過失，就可破斥其主張。當對方最後所有的立論都失敗之後，就可以確認一切法都沒有實體，亦即是空性的。
月稱解釋這種方法，為自無宗故。宗（pratijñā）是因明學術語，指主張命題；自無宗，也就是自身不需要先提出自己的意見與見解。這派的見解，同於嘉祥吉藏所說「破邪即是顯正」的見解。

**歷史**
隨應破派的名稱，最早起於佛護、月稱。佛護為《中論》作註，提出隨應破方法，被清辯認為此法不合理，主張應採自立量。其徒月稱反駁清辯的見解，之後形成一個宗派，在那爛陀寺中傳承。
月稱的見解，之後為寂天繼承。經阿底峽傳入西藏，在噶當派中傳承。經宗喀巴，成為格魯派的中心宗義。

**註釋**

**參考文獻**
主要參考資料- Citation |last= Geshe Kelsang Gyatso |year =1995 |title= Ocean of Nectar |publisher= Tharpa Publications |isbn= 978-0-948006-23-4- Citation |last1=Shantarakshita |last2=Ju Mipham |year=2005 |title=The Adornment of the Middle Way |publisher= Padmakara Translation |isbn=1-59030-241-9- isbn=1-55939-166-9- isbn=978-0-19-514732-2
次要參考資料- publisher =Snow Lion Publications-  publisher =Oxford University Press-  archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190602033444/http://www.thezensite.com/ZenEssays/Nagarjuna/roots_of_zen.htm -  publisher =Simon and Schuster-  publisher =Motilal Banarsidass- publisher= Wisom Publications- publisher= Routledge- publisher= KunchabPublicaties - publisher=Shambhala- publisher= Shambhala- publisher= Motilal Banarsidass
Web-sources

**延伸閲讀**
導論-  publisher =Snow Lion Publications-  publisher =Shambhala-  publisher =Shambhala
印度中觀- della Santina, Peter.  Madhyamaka Schools in India.  Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi.  (1986)
西藏中觀(主要/次要 參考資料)-  publisher =Shambhala (Candrakirti/Nyingma)-  isbn =1-59030-241-9 (Shantarakshita/Nyingma)- Citation | last =Tsong Khapa | year =2002 | title =The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3| publisher =Snow Lion Publications | isbn =1-55939-166-9 (Gelugpa)- Citation | last1 =Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama | last2 =14th Dalai Lama | last3 =Berzin | first3 =Alexander | year =1997 | chapter =Session 10 | title =The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra | publisher =Shambhala | url =http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Gelug-Kagyu-Tradition-of-Mahamudra-by-Dalai-Lama-and-Alexander-Berzin.pdf | accessdate =2021-01-22 | archive-date =2021-01-29 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210129194408/http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Gelug-Kagyu-Tradition-of-Mahamudra-by-Dalai-Lama-and-Alexander-Berzin.pdf  (Gelugpa)-  publisher =Snow Lion Publications (Gelugpa)- publisher =Snow Lion Publications (Kagyu)-  publisher =Wisdom (Sakya)
西藏中觀(次要參考資料)-  publisher =Wisdom Publications-  url=http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/libra-oa:5949- Jay L. Garfield (2011),  Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Mādhyamikas date=20180607020600 . In:  Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy date=20210130230417 , Oxford University Press ( focuses on the debate between Tsongkhapa and Gorampa)- Phuntsho, Karma. Mipham's Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness: To Be, Not to Be or Neither. London: RoutledgeCurzon (2005) 0-415-35252-5-  publisher =KunchabPublicaties

**參見**
中觀
*中論
*中觀學派

**外部連結**
 The Buddha Within by S. K. Hookham on Rangtong and Shentong